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# Henry King-Tenison, 8th Earl of Kingston
Lieutenant-Colonel **Henry Ernest Newcomen King-Tenison, 8th Earl of Kingston** (31 July 1848 -- 13 January 1896), was an Irish peer and Conservative politician.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Henry Newcomen King was born 31 July 1848 to Anne Gore-Booth, wife of Robert King, 2nd Viscount Lorton and 6th Earl of Kingston. Lord Kingston- who by the mid-1830s had suffered a stroke and the effects of his heavy drinking, and was \"almost entirely under the influence of his wife\", whose \"high-living\" was disliked by his father, Viscount Lorton- publicly disowned the child, as since 1846 his wife had been the lover of \"dubious and insolvent French nobleman\" Vicomte Ernest Valentin de Satgé St. Jean. Lord Kingston\'s attempt to sue for divorce in 1850 failed due to his own extramarital affair, with his nursemaid and travelling companion Julie Imhoff, being established. Henry King\'s \"legitimacy was confirmed (as it could not be disproved) at the probate court in Dublin in 1870\", meaning he succeeded to the title of Earl of Kingston in 1871 at the death of the 7th Earl, but the family\'s \"disastrously dispersed hereditary lands\" did not come to him with the title, the Kings having been \"driven to extraordinary lengths\" to prevent the 6th Earl\'s estranged wife and her French lover from gaining possession of their property.
King was educated at Rugby School in Warwickshire.
## Career
King-Tenison served in the 5th Battalion, Connaught Rangers, reaching the rank of lieutenant-colonel. From 1887 to 1896, he was Irish representative peer in the House of Lords and from 1888 to 1896 Lord Lieutenant of Roscommon.
## Philately
A philatelist, he exhibited his postage stamp collection of Great Britain at the London Philatelic Exhibition 1890 for which he was awarded a gold medal. From 1892 to 1896, he served as President of the Philatelic Society London.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
On 23 January 1872, at St James\'s, Westminster, King married Florence Margaret, the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Edward King-Tenison, of Kilronan Castle, county Roscommon. She was his father\'s second cousin, both descending from Edward King, 1st Earl of Kingston. After their marriage, his name was changed to Henry Newcomen King-Tenison by Royal Licence on 10 March 1883. The couple lived at Kilronan Castle, which he considerably enlarged in the 1880s. King-Tenison died at Cairo aged 47. He was succeeded as 10th Earl of Kingston by his son Henry Edwyn King-Tenison
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# 2007 Food City 500
The **2007 Food City 500** was the fifth race of the 2007 NASCAR Nextel Cup season, and was run on Sunday, March 25, 2007, at Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee. This marked the debut of the Car of Tomorrow.
## Overview
The race was historic as this marked the competitive debut of NASCAR\'s Car of Tomorrow vehicle template, which was tested on February 28 at this facility, as the test was extended due to an impending rainstorm and three sessions were held in one day, including a nighttime session. Because of the success in those tests, NASCAR considered making the CoT permanent in the 2008 season. Additionally, in all CoT events, two brands will switch models, as Dodge will use the Avenger and Chevrolet will utilize the Impala brand.
The event was the last to be run on the original concrete surface as resurfacing started following the race, using specially designed resurfacers that will lay a new concrete surface for the Sharpie 500 event in August. In addition, the 36-degree turns will be altered to progressive banking.
The race was also the last for the Top 35 teams in the 2006 Owner\'s points to be \"locked in\" for the race. Starting with the next race, the Goody\'s Cool Orange 500, the current standings was used.
Jeff Gordon won the pole. Dale Jarrett, who had used a provisional the past four races, qualified 30th. A. J. Allmendinger and Jeremy Mayfield made their season debuts after failing to qualify for the previous four races (qualifying 43rd and 23rd, respectively).
## Failed to qualify {#failed_to_qualify}
The following drivers failed to qualify:
Kevin Lepage (#37), David Reutimann (#00), Michael Waltrip (#55), Joe Nemechek (#13), Johnny Sauter (#70), and Paul Menard (#15) Withdrew: Chad Chaffin (#34)
Of these drivers, Nemechek (who missed his first race in over five years when he was released by Travis Carter because of a lack of sponsorship in 2002) and possibly Sauter could still end up locked into the top-35 after this race, despite missing this race (both had made the previous four races, but drive for new teams with no previous owner points to fall back on). With the car owner points provision for failing to qualify, however, both the Ginn #13 and the Haas CNC #70 remained in the top 35 in owner points, which meant both teams were awarded exemptions for the next race.
The other teams are guaranteed to be out of the top 35.
The #37 team has now missed four of the first five points races, Reutimann and Menard have missed two races, and Waltrip has missed four straight races.
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# 2007 Food City 500
## Race Day {#race_day}
The race, despite the introduction of the CoT, was a typical Bristol affair, with 15 caution flags for 90 laps. Tony Stewart, starting from the fourth position, looked to have the car to beat all day. However, during a caution with 211 laps left, Stewart experienced a fuel pressure malfunction, and would finish 35th. The lead was inherited by his Joe Gibbs Racing teammate, Denny Hamlin. Hamlin would hold the lead until with 16 laps to go, Kyle Busch stole the lead from the sophomore in the #5 Kellogg\'s Chevy for Hendrick Motorsports. It appeared as though Kyle would sail off with his first win of 2007, but a spin by rookie David Ragan set up a green-white-checkered finish with Hendrick Motorsports holding the first two spots. Kyle Busch was second, with teammate Jeff Gordon behind him, and the Richard Childress Racing cars of Jeff Burton and Kevin Harvick behind them. That would not last long however, as on the restart, Kyle spun the tires, allowing Jeff to inch under him; however, Jeff Burton steered his #31 Chevrolet to the outside of Jeff Gordon and attempted to chase down Kyle. Jeff Burton would clear Gordon just as Kyle Busch took the white flag, and would chase down Kyle during the final lap, narrowly losing by half-a-car length at the start-finish line.
Busch\'s victory was a historic one in many ways. Not only it being the first victory for the Car of Tomorrow, but it was also the 156th win for Hendrick Motorsports, the 600th victory for Chevrolet in NASCAR, and the 61st victory for the Chevrolet Impala nameplate, the last one coming in 1964 when Wendell Scott became the first African-American to win in NASCAR. The first win for the Impala came in 1959 when Bob Welborn won in Daytona. In a post-race ceremony, former 12-time Bristol winner and current NASCAR on Fox commentator Darrell Waltrip, who dropped the green flag for this race, jack-hammered a piece of the original concrete to begin the reconstruction of the track
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# Sociology of peace, war, and social conflict
The **sociological study of peace, war, and social conflict** uses sociological theory and methods to analyze group conflicts, especially collective violence and alternative constructive nonviolent forms of conflict transformation. These concepts have been applied to current wars, like the War in Ukraine, and researchers note that ordinary people, not politicians, are needed to drive peace in post conflict based on ethics and \"moral duty.\"
The by-laws of the Section on Peace, War and Social Conflict of the American Sociological Association specify:
> The purpose of the Section on Peace, War, and Social Conflict is to foster the development and application of sociological theories and methods for the understanding and study of dynamics of collective conflict and its prevention, conduct, and resolution. Included is the study of military institutions and conflict between collectivities such as countries, ethnic groups, political movements, and religious groups. Also included are the roles of military organizations, other governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, and social movements
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# Rafael Halperin
**Rafael Halperin** (*רפאל הלפרין*; 1924 -- 20 August 2011) was an Austrian-born Israeli Orthodox rabbi, businessman, athlete, professional wrestler, and bodybuilder.
## Biography
Halperin was born in Vienna to Austrian Jewish parents in 1924. In 1933, at the age of 9, he and his family immigrated to Mandatory Palestine. The Halperin family moved to Bnei Brak the following year, and Rafael studied in Haifa and Jerusalem as a teenager. He also excelled in several athletic pursuits, including weightlifting and karate. He entered competitions and became the national champion in karate, boxing, and bodybuilding. In 1950, Halperin organized Israel\'s first \"Mr. Israel\" bodybuilders competition. He was also a skilled diamond cutter. He was a brother of famed philanthropist Rabbi Nachum Halpern.
## Professional wrestling career {#professional_wrestling_career}
Halperin decided that he wanted to open a chain of athletic facilities, so he began wrestling professionally to earn the necessary money. His career took him to the United States, where he was reported to have won 159 consecutive matches. In 1954, Toots Mondt signed him up as a wrestler. In his matches, he wore a blue and white costume emblazoned with the Jewish star. He worked for Vince McMahon Sr.\'s Capitol Wrestling. In America he fought as "Mr. Israel" and \"The Rasslin' Rabbi,\" and won 159 consecutive bouts. He refused to follow the "scripts" used in professional wrestling and declared that he "came to America to wrestle representing the State of Israel and the Jewish people and could not fake or be phony."
He earned the displeasure of some promoters and fellow wrestlers because he treated his matches as legitimate athletic contests rather than a scripted performance. He refused to yield, however, as he felt that he was upholding the dignity of his country. He also wrestled as a face (fan favorite), refusing to break any rules, for the same reason.
Halperin continued to wrestle in the United States and Canada into the 1960s. During this time, he faced such opponents as Antonino Rocca while competing for Capitol Wrestling. After Rocca canceled three times, the two finally met at Laurel Gardens in Newark, New Jersey, before 15,000 fans. The match went back and forth but ended in a draw.
His top triumphs were over Lu Kim, Lord Carlton, Zebra Kid and Steve Stanlee.
He later returned to Israel, where he is credited with popularizing professional wrestling in Israel.
His most well known matches in Israel were against Achmad Fuad and the \"Jordanian Tiger\" Abu Antar. The match with Fuad took place on 18 June 1966 in front of 6,000 fans at the Bloomfield Stadium and caused the police to use tear gas after a big riot broke out immediately after Fuad attacked the victorious Halperin. Apparently it was a staged act, but Halperin had not informed anyone in advance. The match with Abu Antar took place on September 20, 1973 and was the most successful local wrestling match seen in the country, as the Yad Eliyahu Arena was sold out to witness Halperin defeat the \"Jordanian Tiger\". This was Halperin\'s last match and after he retired from professional wrestling, he started to study karate and mixed martial arts in Japan.
## Business career {#business_career}
After retiring from wrestling, Halperin fulfilled his dream of opening a chain of gyms. He went on to earn a rabbinical degree and wrote several religious books as well as an encyclopedia and a weight-loss guide. During the Yom Kippur War, he served in the Israel Defense Forces. Halperin also founded a chain of 120 optical centers, selling glasses at affordable prices. In 2008, he and his wife Bertie decided to divide the optical business among their five children.
Because of his orthodox Jewish beliefs, he was opposed to businesses operating on *Shabbat*. To combat this \"desecration\" of the holy day, Halperin led an initiative to create a credit card containing a chip that renders it inoperable on Saturday. It was also designed not to function in stores known to operate on Shabbat.
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# Rafael Halperin
## Death
Halperin died of cancer on 20 August 2011 at age 87
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# Teluk Cempedak
**Teluk Cempedak** or **Teluk Chempedak** (literally : Cempedak Bay) also known as **Palm Beach** is a beach in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. It is located 5 kilometres east from the town centre in Kuantan. The white sandy beach and casuarinas and pine trees line the coast, with some rocky promontories facing the South China Sea. The fishing village of Beserah is about 5 km away
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# The Return of the Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe
***The Return of the Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe*** (*\'\'\'Le Retour du Grand Blond\'\'\'*) is a 1974 French spy comedy film directed by Yves Robert. It is the sequel to *The Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe* (1972).
Veber said the film \"wasn\'t good at all\... I\'m afraid I did it just for the money.\"
## Synopsis
Three months after the events of *The Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe*, Francois Perrin, the Tall Blond Man (who has been living happily with his lover Christine in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), is once again pressed into service.
Chief of Counter-Espionage Colonel Toulouse has a new boss---the former Minister of Agriculture has become the Minister of Interior. Captain Cambrai (who has been investigating Colonel Milan\'s death and who is extremely suspicious of Toulouse\'s involvement) intercepts a letter written by Perrin to his best friend Maurice (who has recovered from his nervous breakdown of the previous film) in which Perrin assures Maurice that he (Maurice) is not crazy and that the events causing Maurice\'s breakdown actually happened. When Maurice refuses to testify against Toulouse, Cambrai comes up with another plan. At Cambrai\'s urging, the new Minister wants to meet the supposed \"super-agent\". Toulouse, who can\'t let anybody know that the Tall Blond was really a civilian chosen at random, orders that Perrin be liquidated at once while informing the Minister and Cambrai that The Tall Blond was killed while on a mission. Attempts to assassinate Perrin in Rio are comically avoided or bungled and his funeral (held in France after a premature report of his death and with a coffin containing not enough sand) is likewise a comic failure; the Minister becomes increasingly confused by the conflicting reports and Cambrai, who had counted on the report of Perrin\'s death to get Maurice to testify, is equally puzzled.
Eventually, Toulouse has Christine kidnapped and forces Perrin to return to Paris to act out the part of the supposed \"super-spy\" for the Minister. Cambrai is not fooled and in two hilarious scenes Perrin is given embarrassing information from both Toulouse and Cambrai about each of them from their private files (Toulouse\'s mother had wanted a daughter and made him wear dresses as a child, causing the other boys to call him \"Lollipop\", and Cambrai \[who acts tough and ruthless\] wet his bed when he was young, really hates violence and had suffered a nervous breakdown while trying to interrogate a suspect). Toulouse orchestrates a plan to make Cambrai crack again, setting up a supposedly dangerous yet cleverly stage-managed and choreographed \"mission\" for The Tall Blond while he is being followed by Maurice and Cambrai (who will supposedly be unable to handle the \"violence\"); the plot seems to work but then Cambrai learns that Perrin\'s gun (which Cambrai had used to shoot and \"kill\" an attacking thug) was really loaded with blanks.
Believing Cambrai finished (and after yet another attempt to kill Perrin comically fails), Toulouse orders Christine to be released but when she, Toulouse and Perrache arrive at Perrin\'s apartment they find him in a compromising situation, in bed with his former lover Paulette (actually a set-up by Cambrai and Maurice). Rushing out in tears over Perrin\'s faithlessness, Christine is met outside by Cambrai and Maurice. That night, at a symphony concert at which Perrin is performing and which Toulouse, Perrache, Cambrai, the Minister and two of Toulouse\'s men (who have been instructed to kill Perrin during the performance) are attending, Cambrai informs Toulouse that should anything happen to Perrin, Maurice will testify, causing Toulouse to immediately call off his men. Christine appears again, in her usual dazzling clothes (a *white* backless dress, this time) and armed with a gun; she tries to shoot Francois on stage (in time to the music). Perrin is apparently killed and Maurice announces that he will testify. Toulouse, backed into a corner, attempts to take Christine hostage but then Perrin rises up-Christine\'s gun was also loaded with blanks. Toulouse, exposed in public, accepts his defeat with good grace and is allowed by Cambrai to commit suicide to avoid prison and disgrace. Of course, Toulouse (unknown to everyone else) fakes his suicide; he and Perrache make their escape. Cambrai gets punched out by Perrin and the film ends with Boy Getting Girl Back and Ending Happily Ever After (even though the Minister still has no idea what is going on)
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# Allani
**Allani**, also known under the Akkadian name **Allatu** (or **Allatum**), was the Hurrian goddess of the underworld. She was also associated with the determination of fate. She was closely linked with Išḫara, and they could be invoked or receive offerings together. She also developed connection with other underworld deities from neighboring cultures, such as Mesopotamian Ereshkigal (who eventually came to be equated with her), Anatolian Sun goddess of the Earth and Lelwani, and possibly Ugaritic Arsay. It is presumed she was chiefly worshiped in western areas inhabited by the Hurrians, though the location of her main cult center is uncertain. She is attested in texts from sites such as Tigunani, Tuttul and Ugarit. She was also incorporated into the Mesopotamian pantheon, and was venerated in Ur, Nippur and Sippar. Hittite sources mentioning her are known too.
## Name
The theonym Allani has Hurrian origin and consists of the word *allai*, lady, and the article *-ni*. It has been noted that simple epithet-like theonyms were common in Hurrian tradition, another well attested example being Šauška, \"the great\". In texts written in the Ugaritic alphabetic script, Allani\'s name was rendered as *aln*. The Akkadian form is Allatum. In 1980 Wilfred G. Lambert proposed that Allatum, who he understood as the same deity as Ereshkigal in origin, was the feminine counterpart, and possibly wife, of a minor Mesopotamian god associated with the underworld, Alla. However, Gernot Wilhelm already stated in 1989 that no convincing Akkadian etymology has been proposed for the name Allatum, and it is now agreed that it was a derivative of Allani. Alfonso Archi suggests this form of the name originally developed in Syria, and from there reached Mesopotamia. In Emar, an ancient city in Syria, both forms were used. A further variant, Allantum, is attested in texts from Tigunani. It differs from the usual variant Allatum, but also represents a combination of the base Hurrian name with the Akkadian feminine suffix.
## Character
Allani was regarded as the queen of the underworld in Hurrian religion. According to Hurrian texts, she resided in a palace at the gate of the \"Dark Earth\" (Hurrian: *timri eže*), the land of the dead. As an extension of this role she was also one of the deities who took part in the determining of fates of mortals. She could be referred to with the title \"the bolt of the earth\", *negri ešeniwe*. This epithet reflected her association with the underworld, with the word \"earth\" functioning as a euphemism. Another title applied to her was *šiduri*, \"young woman\". She was accordingly imagined to have had a youthful appearance. As indicated by texts pertaining to the *ḫišuwa* festival, she was believed to wear a blue garment, with the color presumably being associated with death.
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# Allani
## Association with other deities {#association_with_other_deities}
Like two other of the most commonly worshiped Hurrian goddesses, Išḫara and Shaushka, Allani was regarded as unmarried. A single text mentions a \"daughter of Allatum\", which according to Volkert Haas constitutes the only reference to this goddess having children. Piotr Taracha identifies the daughter in mention as Ḫepat, but according to Lluis Feliu, it is possible Shalash was considered her mother.
An association between Allani and Hurrian primeval deities is also attested. This group was believed to dwell in the underworld.
### Allani and other Hurrian goddesses {#allani_and_other_hurrian_goddesses}
Allani was often invoked alongside Išḫara, who also was associated with the underworld in Hurrian religion. The connection between these two goddesses is already present in documents from the Ur III period. In the ritual of Allaituraḫi, Allani is invoked alongside Išḫara to protect a household from demonic forces. Instructions for the *ḫišuwa* festival mention the clothing of statues representing Allani and Išḫara, with the former receiving a blue garment and the latter an identical red one. Veneration of them as a pair was an example of a broader phenomenon frequently attested in Hurrian sources, the worship of pairs of deities with similar purposes as if they constituted an unirty, with other examples including Šauška\'s attendants Ninatta and Kulitta, the fate goddesses Hutena and Hutellura, Ḫepat and her son Šarruma, and the astral deities Pinikir and DINGIR.GE~6~, so-called Goddess of the Night. In some cases Allani and Išḫara could receive a single offering jointly.
Another Hurrian goddess connected to the underworld who sometimes appears in the proximity of Allani was Shuwala, though she was more commonly associated with Nabarbi. Edward Lipiński argues that Shuwala was the same deity as Allani, but they appear together as two distinct deities in texts from Ur and Hattusa.
Presumably due to her own role as a deity associated with fate, Allani was associated with Hutena and Hutellura.
### Allani and Ereshkigal {#allani_and_ereshkigal}
Allani\'s character was in part influenced by the Mesopotamian goddess Ereshkigal, who similarly was associated with the underworld. The sumerogram ^d^EREŠ.KI.GAL could be used to represent Allani\'s name in Hittite sources. However, it is not clear if the two goddesses were already considered analogous in the Ur III period. Jeremiah Peterson notes that they occur apart from each other in a non-standard Old Babylonian god list from Nippur. According to Doris Prechel, the oldest evidence for a connection between them is the Old Babylonian forerunner to the god list *An = Anum*, in which they appear in sequence. Another text belonging to this genre from the same period identifies Allatum both with Ereshkigal and with the term Irkalla, in this context prefaced by the so-called \"divine determinative\" and thus treated as a theonym rather than as a place name. This word is best attested as a name of the underworld in literary texts, and might represent an Akkadian rendering of Sumerian *urugal* (variant: *erigal*), \"great city\", similarly designating the land of the dead. A direct equation between Allatum and Ereshkigal is also attested in the *An = Anum* (tablet V, line 213). According to Nathan Wasserman, the name Allatum also designates Ereshkigal in an incantation dedicated to the medicine goddess Gula. It credits the latter with helping a child patient whose skull sutures were loosened by Allatum and had to be sealed again. The short narrative included in this text also mentions Sin, but it is not clear how the three deities involved were connected with each other. In the so-called *Underworld Vision of an Assyrian Prince*, the invocation of Allatum by the protagonist, prince Kummâ, is presumed to be a case of the name being used as a synonym of Ereshkigal as well. In a later section of the narrative Ereshkigal appears under her primary name.
### Allani and Anatolian underworld deities {#allani_and_anatolian_underworld_deities}
In Kizzuwatna Allani came to be identified with a local underworld deity, the so-called \"Sun goddess of the Earth\". The connection between them is first documented in the middle of the second millennium BCE. Gernot Wilhelm suggests the Anatolian goddess might have been a chthonic aspect of the Hattian sun goddess in origin. Piotr Taracha instead classifies her as a Luwian deity and notes that despite her connection to the underworld her character might have been comparable to that of the Ugaritic goddess Shapash prior to being reshaped by the development of an association with Allani under Hurrian cultural influence. Despite the development of this connection, Allani herself did not acquire the characteristics of a solar deity. In Kizzuwatna, where the two goddesses were regarded as identical, they presided over ritual purification and were believed to keep evil and impurity sealed in her kingdom. It has been suggested that the Gulšeš, who belonged to the entourage of the Sun goddess of the Earth, were modeled on Hutena and Hutellura, who were associated with Allani.
Under her Mesopotamian name Allatum Allani came to be linked with Lelwani, originally a male god from the Hattian pantheon, who started to be viewed as a goddess due to this equation, as already attested in sources dated to the reign of Hittite king Ḫattušili III. Piotr Taracha argues that Lelwani\'s name was effectively reassigned to Allatum, who he assumes was venerated as a separate figure from Allani in Anatolia. Alfonso Archi notes that ^d^ALLATUM, Lelwani, and ^d^EREŠ.KI.GAL, Allani, may occur in the same texts separately from each other, which indicates that the two were not directly regarded as the same after Lelwani was reinterpreted as a female deity.
### Allani and Arsay {#allani_and_arsay}
It is possible that in Ugarit Arsay, one of the daughters of the local weather god Baal, was viewed as the equivalent of Allani (Allatum), and like her she might have been a deity linked to the underworld. Volkert Haas suggested that this connection is reflected by the placement of Arsay and Išḫara in sequence in one of the Ugaritic offering lists. However, Steve A. Wiggins stresses that it is important to maintain caution when attempting to define the roles of poorly attested Ugaritic deities, such as Baal\'s daughters, entirely based on the character of their presumed equivalents.
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# Allani
## Worship
According to Gernot Wilhelm, based on available sources it can be assumed Allani was worshiped chiefly in the western Hurrian areas. Alfonso Archi describes her as one of the primary Hurrian goddesses next to Išḫara and Šauška. She appears in offering lists (*kaluti*) focused on Ḫepat, in which she is typically placed after Išḫara and before the pair Umbu-Nikkal. A similar enumeration of deities with Allani also placed after Išḫara is attested in the ritual of Ammiḫatna from Kizzuwatna.
It is uncertain which city was considered Allani\'s main cult center, as documents from the Ur III period seemingly connect her with Zimudar located in the Diyala area, but in Hittite sources she is instead associated with Ḫaššum, possibly to be identified with Ḫašuanu from the Ebla texts. She is also attested in the text corpus from Tigunani from the reign of Tunip-Teshub (Old Babylonian period, c. 1630 BCE). She occurs in an omen apodosis. Theophoric names invoking her were common chiefly in the Tur Abdin area located in the southeast of modern Turkey. A single example is also known from the text corpus from Tuttul, Arip-Allani, \"Allani gave (a child)\".
Allani was also among the Hurrian deities worshiped in Ugarit. Hurrian offering lists from this city reflect the customs from the thirteenth century BCE and show occasional incorporation of Ugaritic deities like El and Anat into Hurrian ceremonies. In the text RS 24.261, which contains instructions for a ritual focused on Ashtart and Šauška, written in both Ugaritic and Hurrian, she is mentioned in a list of deities who received offerings during it, after Išḫara and before Nikkal. In RS 24.291, a ritual taking place over the course of three days focused on Pidray, she is listed as the recipient of a sacrificial cow on the second day and two rams on the third. Offering lists in which she appears between Išḫara and Hutena-Hutellura are known too.
### Mesopotamian reception {#mesopotamian_reception}
Under the Akkadian form of her name, Allani was also worshiped in Mesopotamia. She was one of the foreign deities worshiped in Ur in the Ur III period. She might have been introduced there from the areas in the proximity of the upper section of the river Khabur. Offerings made to her are well documented in the archive of queen Shulgi-simti alongside these to goddesses such as Išḫara, Belet Nagar, Belet-Šuḫnir and Belet-Terraban. Administrative documents from Puzrish-Dagan (Drehem) detailing the amount of sacrifices made to various deities mention Allatum alongside both foreign and Mesopotamian deities. The sacrifice of a piglet to her is documented in the text YBC 16473, but unlike other livestock these animals were not distributed by the royal administration from Puzrish-Dagan. At least one temple dedicated to Allatum, most likely located in Ur, is attested. Two texts mention the staff of temples of Allatum, Annunitum and Shuwala. There is also evidence that she received offerings during rites held in honor of deceased kings in this city.
In Nippur, Allatum was venerated alongside a different group of deities than in Ur: Enlil and Ninlil, Alla-gula and Ningagia. During the seventh day of the festival of Inanna which took place annually during the sixth month in the local calendar she also received offerings alongside Idlurugu, a god who represented river ordeal. She continued to be worshiped in this city in the Old Babylonian period.
A single reference to a temple of Allatum has been identified in the corpus of texts from Old Babylonian Sippar. It occurs in a lawsuit dated to the reign of Sabium, and the goddess is otherwise not attested in any sources from this city, which indicates her cult had a small scope and might have not been maintained in later periods.
The Old Babylonian *Bird Omen Compendium*, a divination manual explaining how to interpret the signs on the carcass of a sacrificial bird, identifies one possible location of an ominous red spot as a portent of Allatum. It has been noted that the section in which she appears seems to focus on deities chiefly worshiped in western areas, such as Adad and Išḫara, and their respective circles.
### Hittite reception {#hittite_reception}
The Hittite king Ḫattušili I listed Allani (under the name Allatum) as one of the deities whose statues he brought to Hatti as war booty, alongside the storm god of Aleppo, Lelluri, and the mountain gods Adalur and Amaruk. She came to be worshiped by the Hittites as one of the deities belonging to the state pantheon in the Middle Hittite period.
During the *ḫišuwa* festival, which was introduced from Kizzuwatna by queen Puduḫepa and was meant to guarantee good fortune for the royal couple Allani appears alongside \"Teshub Manuzi,\" Lelluri, Išḫara, two hypostases of Nupatik (*pibitḫi* - \"of Pibid(a)\" and *zalmatḫi* - \"of Zalman(a)/Zalmat\") and Maliya. Texts describing it mention a temple dedicated to her, in which she was venerated alongside Hutena-Hutellura, Kurra, Zimazalla and a further deity whose name is not preserved. It is designated as a location where the king was supposed to make an offering (*keldi*) to her.
In Yazılıkaya, a sanctuary located close to Hattusa and tied to the Hurrian-influenced religious practice of the royal family, Allani (Allatum) is depicted in a procession of goddesses reflecting the order of the *kaluti* of Ḫepat, with the two following figures being Išḫara and Nabarbi.
Texts from Emar which reflect Hittite traditions also mention Allani.
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# Allani
## Mythology
Allani is one of the three deities playing main roles in the *Song of Release*, the other two being Teshub and Išḫara. The former at one point descends to the underworld and partakes in a banquet held by Allani alongside his enemies, the \"former gods\" whose defeat is described in the cycle of Kumarbi, but much of the rest of the narrative is missing and both its conclusion and purpose are uncertain. Volkert Haas suggests that the underworld banquet should be understood as an episode comparable to the Mesopotamian myth of Inanna\'s descent to the netherworld, with Teshub temporarily imprisoned in the land of the dead. This interpretation has been critically evaluated by Ewa von Dassow, who points out that Haas did not depend on the text itself, as no reference to the weather god being imprisoned in it, and in his publications instead offered indirect evidence from unrelated compositions such as the aforementioned Mesopotamian myth or Ovid\'s *Metamorphoses*. She instead suggests that the meeting is focused on discussing the destruction of Ebla, around which much of the plot of the composition revolves, as it would inevitably lead to an influx of new inhabitants into Allani\'s realm. Gernot Wilhelm proposes that Teshub\'s descent to the underworld was meant to ease his anger with the treatment of his human followers by the elders of Ebla, described in other fragments of the same text, though he also considers it possible that the myth reflected rituals in which a deceased person was supposed to enter the underworld and meet their ancestors in the underworld. Mary R. Bachvarova assumes that the meeting with Allani is related to the fact that the humans Teshub is concerned with in other sections of the myth are meant to care for funerary rites. Walter Burkert and Erich Neu suggested that Allani presided over reconciliation between Teshub and his enemies
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# Thomas J. Barrett
Tom Barrett}} `{{BLP sources|date=January 2014}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Thomas J. Barrett
| image = TJBarrett_USCG.jpg
| caption = VADM Thomas J. Barrett
| office1 = 9th [[United States Deputy Secretary of Transportation]]
| president1 = [[George W. Bush]]<br>[[Barack Obama]]
| 1blankname1 = {{Nowrap|Secretary}}
| 1namedata1 = [[Mary E. Peters|Mary Peters]]<br>[[Ray LaHood]]
| term_start1 = June 1, 2007
| term_end1 = May 1, 2009
| predecessor1 = [[Maria Cino]]
| successor1 = [[John Porcari]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|1|15}}
| death_date =
| placeofburial =
| birth_place = [[New York City]], New York
| death_place =
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = {{Flag|United States of America}}
| branch = {{coast guard|United States|coast guard}}
| serviceyears = 1969–2004
| rank = [[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|40px]] [[Vice Admiral (United States)|Vice Admiral]]
| servicenumber =
| unit =
| commands =
| battles = [[Cold War]]<br>[[September 11, 2001 attacks]]
| battles_label =
| relations =
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Thomas J. Barrett** (born January 15, 1947) is a former United States Coast Guard officer and former Deputy Secretary of Transportation from 2007 until 2009.
## Career
Barrett earned a B.S. in Biology from Le Moyne College, Syracuse, New York and a Juris Doctor with honors from the George Washington University. He graduated from Army War College and the National Defense University Capstone Course in National Security Strategy and Military Capabilities.
He served 35 years in the U.S. Coast Guard and held the position of Vice Commandant of the United States Coast Guard from 2002 until 2004. In that capacity, he served as second in command, Agency Acquisition Executive, coordinated the Coast Guard Leadership Council, and co-chaired with the Vice Chief of Naval Operations the Navy-Coast Guard Board, an inter-service policy coordination body. He was instrumental in improving maritime security post 9/11, expanding Coast Guard support to the National Foreign Intelligence Community, supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom, and smoothly transitioning the Coast Guard into the new Department of Homeland Security. Barrett was the Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.
On May 31, 2006 Barrett was sworn in by then Transportation Secretary Norman Y. Mineta as the first permanent administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA).
From 2007 to 2009 Barrett served as Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation, responsible for its day-to-day management, the \$61.1 billion budget, 10 modal administrations, and approximately 60,000 employees while continuing his duties as PHMSA administrator.
Barrett became the President of Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, which operates the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS), on January 1, 2011. He retired from the company in December 2019, when fellow former PHMSA-head Brigham McCown was announced as the new president.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Barrett is married to the former Sheila Walker of Syracuse, New York. They are parents of four children, Tom, a Major in the United States Army and Iraq veteran, Matt, Rebecca and Paul, a Lance Corporal in the United States Marine Corps Reserve, also Iraq veteran
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# Onwuchekwa Jemie
**Onwuchekwa Jemie** is a Nigerian scholar, poet, journalist, and professor.
## Biography
Jemie was born in Abia State, Nigeria, and was educated at the Hope Waddell Training Institution at Calabar. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Columbia College, Columbia University, and a master\'s degree from Harvard University, before returning to Columbia University for a PhD in English and comparative literature. Alongside colleagues Stanley Macebuh, Femi Osofisan, and Chinweizu Ibekwe, Jemie spearheaded the founding of *The Guardian* newspaper, considered by many as the flagship of the Nigerian print media, serving as the newspaper\'s first editorial page editor and chairman of the editorial board. He has also published books, notably *Langston Hughes: An Introduction to the Poetry* (1976) and *Biafra Requiem* (1970), as well as *Toward the Decolonization of African Literature* (1983), co-authored with Chinweizu and Ihechukwu Madubuike, and *Yo\' Mama!: New Raps, Toasts, Dozens, Jokes and Children\'s Rhymes from Urban Black America* (2003). After serving as a professor of English literature, African literature, and African-American literature at a number of American universities, Jemie became Editor-in-Chief of Nigeria\'s *Business Day*
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# Pediese (prince in Athribis)
The ancient Egyptian known as **Pediese**, married to the great-great-granddaughter of Shoshenq III, was one of a number of princes ruling Lower Egypt towards the end of the eighth century BCE. He was of Libyan descent, a chief of the Ma. After Piye conquered Memphis, Pediese surrendered his residence Athribis and may well have been instrumental in bringing about the surrender of most of the other chiefs and kings ruling the Nile Delta
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# The Pleasure to Remain So Heartless
***The Pleasure to Remain So Heartless*** is the second studio album from Bremerton, Washington band Kane Hodder. It was released in 2004 by Suburban Home Records, and re-released in 2005 on Fueled by Ramen records with new artwork, and a bonus DVD which features live performances, as well as the music video for \"I Think Patrick Swayze is Sexy\".
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Last of the Anti-Fascist Warriors\"
2. \"I Think Patrick Swayze Is Sexy\"
3. \"Jason Dean Was a Teen Liberator\"
4. \"Too Much Eddie Kenndricks, Not Enough David Ruffin\"
5. \"Heaven Help Me! I Love a Psychotic!\"
6. \"A Machine in the World of Man\"
7. \"You Sign Your Crimes With a Silver Bullet\"
8. \"The Child of Prophecy\"
9. \"Crushing Everything in Sight\"
10. \"Attack on Tir Asleen\"
11
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# Twins Seven Seven
**Twins Seven Seven**, born Omoba **Taiwo Olaniyi Oyewale-Toyeje Oyelale Osuntoki** (3 May 1944 -- 16 June 2011) was a Nigerian painter, sculptor and musician. He was an itinerant singer and dancer before he began his career as an artist, first attending in 1964 an Mbari Mbayo workshop conducted by Ulli Beier and Georgina Beier in Osogbo. Twins Seven Seven went on to become one of the best known artists of the Osogbo School.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
He was born as Omoba Taiwo Olaniyi Oyewale-Toyeje Oyekale Osuntoki to a father, Aitoyeje, who was a Muslim from Ibadan, Oyo State, and a mother, Mary, who was a Christian from Ogidi, Kogi State, in Nigeria. The name by which he became known alludes to the fact that he was the only surviving child of seven sets of twins born to his mother, Nigeria having the world\'s highest twinning rate. His mother was instructed by a *babalawo* to drink water sacred to the river goddess Osun to ensure her child\'s survival. As a result, it was believed that Twins Seven Seven was a reincarnation of his great-grandfather, Osun-toki, whose name means \"Osun is worthy of worship.\" As a child, he was often difficult to his mother, threatening to \"go away\" again to the spirit realm, so the *babalawo* would etch small incisions on his face with special medicine herbs to ensure his permanency in the physical realm. The etchings remained on his face into adulthood.
Twins Seven Seven\'s introduction to the arts was not through painting, but through dance at the age of 16, part of his inspiration for dance stemming from a Yoruba custom that stated that a woman who had birthed twins should dance throughout the streets for money, so Twins Seven Seven danced on his mother\'s behalf.
He attended primary and secondary school, as well as briefly attending a teachers\' training college for one year, and although he achieved academic success in his examinations, he detested the structure of classrooms and grew stronger interests toward art and music.
After performing a show in Oshogbo at the Mbari Club, Twins Seven Seven encountered Ulli Beier, a German editor and scholar living there at the time, who with his wife Georgina Beier ran an artist workshop. The Oshogbo school prided itself as not being a place that taught artists, but rather provided opportunities to confirm the individual vision of the different artists. At the Beier workshop, Seven Seven was given basic tools and minimal instruction throughout his artistic processes. Through this, Seven Seven was able to create his own unique style of painting.
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# Twins Seven Seven
## Career and later life {#career_and_later_life}
Twins Seven Seven\'s work is influenced by traditional Yoruba mythology and culture, and creates a fantastic universe of humans, animals, plants and Yoruba gods. Visually, his work resembles Yoruba carvings in the segmentation, division and repetition of his compositions; conceptually, it reflects this influence in the emphasis on transformation and balance, as well as its embodiment of dualities such as the earthly and the spiritual, past and present, industry and agriculture. Early works such as *Dreams of the Abiku Child* (1967) make allusion to concepts or figures in Yoruba cosmology and mythology, such as the abiku (devil child), and the orisha Osun. However, Twins Seven Seven also described his work as \"contemporary Yoruba traditional art\", not only paying homage to the influence of his cultural background but also to noting his responsiveness to current events and the postcolonial experience.
Some of his early work was influenced by his reading a copy of Amos Tutuola\'s book *My Life in the Bush of Ghosts* that was gifted to him by Georgina Beier. However, as he progressed as an artist, Twins Seven Seven focused more on imagery based on Yoruba folklore and his own dreams.
He attempted to avoid exposing himself to other painters who could potentially influence his unique individual painting style. Upon his first visit to the United States, he refused to attend a Picasso show, stating: \"No, I don\'t want to risk being influenced by anyone else. All I am doing is in me already. I am not going to sit down in a studio and learn to mix colors like an European painter.\"
In 1972, Twins Seven Seven taught in the US at Merced College in California and at the Haystack Mountain Crafts School, Deer Isle. He taught at the Ile Ife Black Humanitarian Center in North Philadelphia in the early 1970s along with Barbara Bullock and Charles Searles, whom he influenced.
He was in line to become King of Ibadan upon which he would be named Osuntoki II. However, he first had to become the head of his clan, Mogaji. When the old Mogaji died, Twins Seven Seven was elected by his family to take his place, but the coronation kept being pushed back, and he died before he could assume this position.
In July 1982, he survived a car crash --- although an erroneous radio announcement of his death was made after he was pulled unconscious from the wrecked vehicle --- and was subsequently given an artificial hip and confined to bed for 18 months.
In the 1990s his work appeared in major exhibitions in Spain, Finland, Mexico, the Netherlands, England, Germany, and the US. Around this time, he also bought land in the village of Sekola, planning to turn it into a Yoruba-themed park and tourist destination entitled \"Paradise Resort,\" but it never came to fruition.
In 2000, he moved to Philadelphia, where he hoped to permanently settle, but he was robbed, evicted, and fired from multiple menial jobs. At this low point, George Jevremovic mounted an exhibition for him in 2005 for a generous amount of money and gave him a space to work. He worked here until 2008 when a lack of money prompted his return to Nigeria.
Honours he received included Nigerian chieftaincy titles, such as when in January 1996, he was named the **Ekerin-Basorun** and the **Atunluto** of Ibadan. In December 1996, he was named the **Obatolu** of Ogidi.
He was designated UNESCO Artist for Peace on 25 May 2005 \"in recognition of his contribution to the promotion of dialogue and understanding among peoples, particularly in Africa and the African Diaspora\".
Twins Seven Seven died aged 67 in Ibadan on 16 June 2011, following complications from a stroke.
Twins Seven Seven\'s work was included in the 2015 exhibition *We Speak: Black Artists in Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s* at the Woodmere Art Museum.
## Family
Twins Seven Seven\'s grandsons are Azeez Ojulari, an edge rusher for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League, and BJ Ojulari, an edge rusher for the Arizona Cardinals
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# Juan Soler (businessman)
**Juan Bautista Soler Luján** is a Spanish businessman and former president of Valencia Club de Fútbol. He is a real estate developer and investor, based in Valencia.
His eponymous Grupo Juan Bautista Soler creates large apartment buildings and residential developments in Southern Spain. Along with other real estate developers like Manuel Manrique, José Manuel Loureda, Manuel Jove, and Rafael del Pino, Soler has ridden the wave of increasing economic growth in Spain since its addition to the European Union. In particular he has worked with fellow developers Enrique Buñuelos and Joaquín Rivero. His real estate developments and partnerships have resulted in immense wealth. In 2004, he became president of Valencia. On 12 March 2008, he resigned as chairman of Valencia CF.
In 2014 he was arrested for attempting to hire an Eastern European hitman to abduct the president who had succeeded him at Valencia CF, Vicente Soriano, in a dispute over shares. [1](http://prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com/2014/04/09/former-valencia-president-arrested-for-plotting-to-kidnap-successor/). He has been barred from leaving the country, and from entering within 15 metres of Soriano
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# Franz-Josef Paefgen
**Franz-Josef Paefgen** (born 10 May 1946 in Büttgen) is a German engineer and manager. In 1976, Paefgen earned a doctoral degree in mechanical engineering from the RWTH Aachen University. He was most recently the CEO of Bentley Motors and Bugatti Automobiles SAS, from which he retired in 2011.
Prior to the roles at Bentley and Bugatti, Dr Paefgen held several positions at Ford Motor Company and Audi where he also was CEO.
During his time as the Chief Executive Officer of Bentley Motors Ltd., he was responsible for the Bentley Mulsanne and the Bentley Continental series of cars. From 2003 to 2005, Dr. Paefgen was responsible for the development of the Bugatti Veyron.
Since departing from Bentley and Bugatti, Dr Paefgen has accepted a position of a Board Member at the Finnish automotive company Valmet Automotive. He is a member of the supervisory board of German automotive supplier ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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# IManager
**iManager** is a web-based Configuration Manager for Unix-based servers. It comes with Open Novell Enterprise Server software and it can be downloaded to different Operating Systems (Linux, Windows). It can be used to monitor and configure software and hardware in servers, over the network
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# Hive (Internet service provider)
**HIVE** was the third-largest telecommunications company in Iceland, founded in 2004. It provided broadband ADSL connections and a VoIP telephone system as well as Wi-Fi fixed and mobile wireless access. In 2008, HIVE merged with SKO., another telecommunications company, and together they took up the name Tal. In 2015, Tal merged into 365 miðlar.
## Competition
Póstur og sími had a monopoly on most telecommunications services until 1998. That year, a new law came into effect and the market opened for competition. The first competitor was TAL. Others followed, the biggest one being Íslandssími. In the Internet (ISP) market, the competition was much tougher, with names like Íslandssími, Halló!, Margmiðlun, Skíma, Skrín, Snerpa, Íslandía and Miðheimar and others. In 2003, TAL, Íslandssími and Halló! merged under the name Og Vodafone. Og Vodafone has since then bought a few Icelandic Internet service providers. On October 6,`{{When|date=March 2014}}`{=mediawiki} Og Vodafone changed its name to Vodafone
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# Chainsaw (punk zine)
***Chainsaw***, a punk zine edited by \"Charlie Chainsaw\" was published in suburban Croydon in 1977 and ran to fourteen issues before ceasing publication in 1984. A hand-lettered \'n\' became a stylised trademark in articles after the \'n\' key broke on the editor\'s typewriter. In addition to a free flexi disc promoting two or three up-and-coming punk bands, 1980s issues featured cartoon strips and two innovative colour covers by Michael J. Weller. 1970s issues featured the cartoon strip \'Hitler\'s Kids\', authored by Andrew Marr using punk nom-de-plume \"Willie D\" at the beginning of his successful journalistic career. Charlie Chainsaw formed the band Rancid Hell Spawn when the punk zine discontinued
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# Jean Favard
**Jean Favard** (28 August 1902`{{spaced ndash}}`{=mediawiki}21 January 1965) was a French mathematician who worked on analysis.
Favard was born in Peyrat-la-Nonière. During World War II he was a prisoner of war in Germany.
He also was a President of the French Mathematical Society in 1946. He died in La Tronche, aged 62
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# Karaköy
**Karaköy** (`{{IPA|tr|kaˈɾɐcøj}}`{=mediawiki}), the modern name for the old Galata, is a commercial quarter in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey, located at the northern part of the Golden Horn mouth on the European side of Bosphorus.
Karaköy is one of the oldest and most historic districts of the city, and is today an important commercial center and transport hub. It is connected with the surrounding neighborhoods by streets radiating out from Karaköy Square. The Galata Bridge links Karaköy to Eminönü to the southwest, Tersane Street links it to Azapkapı to the west, Voyvoda Street (Bankalar Caddesi) links it to Şişhane to the northwest, the steeply sloping Yüksek Kaldırım Street links it to Pera in the north, and Kemeraltı Street and Necatibey Street link it to Tophane to the northeast.
The commercial quarter, which was originally the meeting place for banks and insurance companies in the 19th century, is today also home to mechanical, electrical, plumbing and electronic parts suppliers.
## Etymology
The word Karaköy apparently combines the Turkish words \"kara\", usually meaning \"black\", and \"köy\" meaning \"village\". In this case, however, \"kara\" may have come from the Turkish word \"Karay*\",* referring to the Turkic-speaking Jewish community called the Crimean Karaites. Though, linguists such as Sevan Nişanyan contest this theory by claiming that it isn\'t supported by written sources.
## History
Karaköy has been a port area since Byzantine times when the north shore of the Golden Horn was a separate settlement facing Stamboul/Constantinople over the water. After the re-conquest of the city from the Latin State in 1261, the Byzantine emperor granted Genoese merchants permission to settle and do business here as part of a defense pact.
The district developed rapidly, and the Genoese built sturdy fortifications to protect themselves and their warehouses. Fragments of the Genoese walls are still visible, but the Galata Tower, at the highest point, is the most substantial relic of the old walled enclave. Fifteenth-century Galata probably looked much more like an Italian city than a Byzantine or Ottoman one.
In 1455, shortly after the conquest of Constantinople, the district had three categories of inhabitants: temporarily sojourning Genoese, Venetian and Catalan merchants; Genoese with Ottoman citizenship; and Greeks, Armenians and Jews. The composition of the population quickly changed: according to a census of 1478, almost half the local population was Muslim. From 1500 on, Sephardic Jews settled here after they were expelled from Spain in 1492.
The French poet André Chénier was born in Karaköy in 1762; his father was a French merchant and diplomat, his mother an Ottoman Greek.
Karaköy experienced a second wave of Christian arrivals when British, French and Italian forces of the Allies came to Istanbul to fight in the Crimean War (1854--1856). The lack of piers made the unloading of troops and military equipment difficult so in 1879, a French company obtained a concession to build a new quay in Karaköy, which was completed in 1895.
In the last decade of the 19th century, Karaköy developed into a banking and insurance hub, especially along Voyvoda Street (Bankalar Caddesi). The Ottoman Bank established its headquarters here while Italian and Austrian insurance companies opened branch offices.
As trading activity increased in the early 20th century, the port was expanded with customs buildings, passenger terminals and naval warehouses. Karaköy also became famous for the Greek taverns along the quay.
After 1917, thousands of White Russians fleeing the Bolshevik Revolution landed here and settled in the area.
During the British bombing of İstanbul in 1918, the area suffered.
## Transport
Modern Karaköy is a major transport hub.
The Galata Bridge connects Karaköy with Eminönü and the historic parts of Istanbul; the T1 tram line crosses the bridge, linking Karaköy to Kabataş and Bağcılar. The Tünel funicular runs from Karaköy up to Tünel station at the start of İstiklal Caddesi.
[Şehir Hatları](https://www.sehirhatlari.istanbul/en) ferries leave for Kadıköy and Üsküdar on the Asian shore of the Bosphorus, as well as for terminals along the Golden Horn as far as Eyüp.
Cruise ships from Mediterranean ports such as Piraeus in Greece, Dubrovnik in Croatia, Civitavecchia (Rome) and Venice in Italy berth at the nearby Galataport complex.
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# Karaköy
## Commerce
An active business center for centuries, Karaköy remains an important commercial hub for Istanbul. All kinds of hardware, tools, plumbing items and spare parts are for sale in Tersane Street in Perşembe Pazarı (literally Thursday Market). Selanik Pasajı, a shopping center right on Karaköy Square, contains shops specialising in electronic parts. The underpass providing safe passage under the busy square contains more shops.
Karaköy is a popular place to eat especially seafood, with several fish restaurants gathered around the local fish market. More fish restaurants line the underside of the Galata Bridge. Galataport is a large new dining and shopping development along the waterside.
Before the Covid pandemic, Istanbul\'s red-light district could also be found in Karaköy. However, in 2022 it was announced that the streets once filled with brothels (and where there are still the remains of a synagogue) would be redeveloped as an arts district.
## Sites of interest {#sites_of_interest}
Karaköy is a culturally diverse and historically rich part of Istanbul. For example, it contains many churches representing the Latin Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Turkish Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Armenian and Bulgarian rites as well as a couple of Jewish synagogues. The Greek, Jewish, French, Italian and Austrian schools reflect its past cosmopolitan character.
The curvy Camondo Stairs, off Voyvoda Street, were donated by the wealthy Sephardic Jewish banker Abraham Camondo (1785--1873) and built in baroque style.
The large Galataport hotel, restaurant and cafe, shopping and office mixed-use development opened along the water in 2022.
### Museums
- Jewish Museum of Turkey
- Ottoman Bank Museum
Note: The Istanbul Modern, Turkey\'s first private museum dedicated to contemporary art since 2004, moved to a new location in Galataport in 2022.
### Places of worship {#places_of_worship}
Churches
- San Pietro and Paolo Church, a Dominican church built 1604 by the Genoese next to their old Dominican convent, and rebuilt 1841--1843 by the Swiss Italian architect Gaspare Fossati, after having been destroyed twice by fire
- Sankt Georg Church, built 1675--1677 by Franciscan priests and restored 1908 by Austrian Lazarists
- San Michele Church
- San Francesco Church
- Santa Anna Church
- Santa Maria Church
- San Domenico Church
- San Zani Church
- Surp Sarkis Church built around 1360, the oldest Armenian church in Istanbul
- Surp Hisus Pırgiç Church, an Armenian Catholic church built 1834, served as the patriarchal seat from 1850 up to 1928, when the Patriarch moved to Beirut
- Surp Kirkor Lusavoric Armenian Church (1965)
- Saint Benoit Church and Monastery, a complex of church, monastery, school, hospital and orphanage built in 1427 by the Benedictines
- Galata Bulgarian Catholic Church, a small church built in early 20th century for the needs of the Catholic Bulgarian community.
- Haghios Nikolaos Turkish Orthodox Church
- Haghios Ionnis Syriac Church
Synagogues
- Tofre Begadim Synagogue (Schneider Synagogue) (used today as an art gallery)
- Italian Synagogue
- Zulfaris Synagogue
- Or Hodeş Synagogue, built in 1897 by Georgian Jews, now in ruins.
- Yüksek Kaldırım Ashkenazi Synagogue, built in 1900 by architect Gabriel Tedeschi
Mosques:
- Arap Mosque with its square-shaped minaret, the oldest mosque in Istanbul to be converted from a church, was used by Arab immigrants fleeing the Spanish Inquisition
- Sokullu Mosque or Azapkapi Mosque
- Yeralti Mosque (the Underground Mosque) built in the 17th century
## Education
- Österreichisches St. Georgs-Kolleg Istanbul
- Deutsche Schule Istanbul (Özel Alman Lisesi) -- private school teaching in German
- Liceo Scientifico Italiano
- St. Benoit High School, founded 1583 by French Jesuit missionaries and co-educational since 1987
- Karaköy Greek Orthodox High school
- Getronagan Armenian High School, founded in 1886
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# Karaköy
## Notable natives {#notable_natives}
- André Chénier, French poet associated with the French Revolution
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# Schorfheide, Brandenburg
**Schorfheide** is a municipality in the Barnim district of Brandenburg, Germany. It was established in 2003 by the merger of *Finowfurt* and *Groß Schönebeck*.
## History
On 26 October 2003, the municipality of Schorfheide was formed by merging the municipalities of Finowfurt and Groß Schönebeck.
From 1815 to 1947, Finowfurt and Groß Schönebeck were part of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg, from 1947 to 1952 of the State of Brandenburg, from 1952 to 1990 of the East German Bezirk Frankfurt and since 1990 again of Brandenburg, since 2003 united as the municipality of Schorfheide.
## Overview
Schorfheide further comprises the villages of *Altenhof, Böhmerheide, Eichhorst, Klandorf, Lichterfelde, Schluft* and *Werbellin*. It is situated immediately west of the district\'s capital Eberswalde and about 40 km northeast of the Berlin city centre. Schorfheide is the largest municipality of Barnim by area. Large parts belong to the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve.
In the 13th century the Ascanian margraves of Brandenburg built a castle at the southern end of the Werbellinsee. In 1879 Prince Charles of Prussia had the Ascania Tower erected at the site. Groß Schönebeck houses a hunting lodge erected from 1680 at the behest of the Brandenburg Elector Frederick William I of Hohenzollern, now a museum. From 1950 until 1989 Altenhof was the site of the *Pionierrepublik Wilhelm Pieck*, a large camp of the Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation.
## Demography
<File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung> Schorfheide.pdf\|Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule) <File:Bevölkerungsprognosen> Schorfheide
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# Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri
**Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri** (*أبو عبيدة البنشيري*; May 1950 -- 21 May 1996) was the *nom de guerre* of **Ali Amin al-Rashidi**, was a founding member of al-Qaeda and served as the groups first military commander. He was known within the group as the \"most capable and popular leaders\".
He was the head of al-Qaeda\'s African presence, overseeing both funding and military operations in the continent, and second in command of the whole organization, below Osama bin Laden.
## Biography
Al-Rashidi was born in May 1950 in Cairo, and served in the national police force on Egypt. His future brother-in-law was a member of al-Jihad, a precursor to Egyptian Islamic Jihad, and had participated in the assassination of Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat. In the aftermath, Egypt began a crackdown on Islamic extremism and al-Rashidi was briefly arrested for allegedly being part of al-Jihad and was fired from his position in the police. In 1983 he married Hafsah Sa'd Rashwan, the sister of Muhammad Abd al-Salam Faraj wife. Shortly after their marriage, the couple moved to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, living in a home owned by Osama bin Laden. He then travelled to Peshawar, Pakistan to train with the Arab Mujahedeen fighting against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. `{{rquote|right|It is as if 100 years were added to my life when I came to Afghanistan|Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri<ref>Mansfield, Laura. "His Own Words", p. 27</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
While there he met Ayman al-Zawahiri, head of Egyptian Islamic Jihad, who introduced al-Rashidi to Osama bin Laden, then serving as the chief financer of Maktab al-Khidamat, who was so favorably impressed that he placed him in charge of the training camps for the Afghan Arabs. He also fostered cooperation between the Arab and Afghan Mujahedeen, and was a compatriot of Ahmed Shah Massoud. Together with bin Laden, al-Rashidi lead around 50 Arab volunteers against a Soviet siege in the Paktia province. During the Battle of Jaji, forces under the command of bin Laden and al-Rashidi held out for a week to protect a mujahedeen supply route. Al-Rashidi was wounded after being shot in the leg, and his forces eventually retreated after being overrun by Soviet forces, but the battle was seen as a great victory by bin Laden and his forces, with al-Rashidi being celebrated as a war hero as well.
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# Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri
## Biography
### Al-Qaeda {#al_qaeda}
While still in Afghanistan, in August 1988, he attended a meeting with bin Laden, Mamdouh Mahmud Salim, and Wa\'el Julaidan. The men were disappointed with Makteb al-Khidamat and discussed qualities of a possible new organization to replace it. In late 1989, al-Qaeda welcomed in its first recruits at a training camp in the Paktia province of Afghanistan that Al-Rashidi managed. Osama bin Laden, Abu Ayoub al-Iraqi, Jamal al-Fadl, and al-Rashidis second in command, Mohammed Atef, were present as well for a meeting in which they discussed al-Qaeda taking jihad outside of Afghanistan.
In 1990, al-Qaeda leadership had decided to move their operation to Sudan, seeking to capitalize on the ascent of the National Islamic Front to power in the country after the 1989 coup. The group first travelled from Pakistan in 1992 to Yemen for 10 months before settling in Omdurman, Sudan. During this time, al-Rashidi was placed in charge of the al-Qaeda cell in Yemen. He was also made field commander for all operations in the Horn of Africa.
Along with his role as military leader, al-Rashidi also established a number of businesses and charities that acted as fronts for al-Qaeda. A fishing business in Mombasa, Kenya was established in 1994, and a business was set up in Nairobi importing automobiles from the United Arab Emirates. From 1993 until 1997, al-Rashidi and Wadih el-Hage, bin Ladens secretary who was serving as al-Qaeda\'s senior facilitator in Kenya, established a number of gem, gold, and tanzanite companies in Kenya. The two men were also associated with the NGO\'s *Mercy International Relief Agency* and *Help Africa People.*
At some point al-Banshiri acquired either Dutch citizenship or forged Dutch papers. Prior to 1996, al-Rashidi, Mohammed Atef and Yaseen al-Iraqi aided Enaam Arnaout in purchasing AK-47s and mortar rounds from a Pashtun tribesman named Hajjji Ayoub, and they were subsequently delivered in large trucks to the Jawr and Jihad Wahl training camps.
In spring 1993, al-Rashidi held a meeting with Osama bin Laden during which both agreed that al-Qaeda would target American forces present in Somalia for Operation Gothic Serpent. Following a recon mission into the country by Mohammed Atef, al-Rashidi ordered a portion of the Sudanese cell of al-Qaeda to go to Somalia and offer weapons, training and assistance to any Somalian forces opposed to the UN presence. He also strongly advocated for the eventual attacks on the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
## Death
On 21 May 1996 Ali Amin al-Rashidi drowned in Lake Victoria after the ferry he was travelling on sank. When the news broke that the ferry `{{MV|Bukoba}}`{=mediawiki} had sunk, al-Qaeda sent Fazul Abdullah Mohammed and Wadih el-Hage to the scene to verify that al-Banshiri had drowned, and had not been murdered. A source has claimed that al-Rashidi was attempting to obtain material for a dirty bomb when he drowned and when the brother of Ayman al Zawahiri had informed al-Rashidis wife of his death, he told her that he was making preparations for an attack when he drowned.
Al-Rashidi was succeeded as al-Qaeda\'s military commander by Mohammed Atef, who had been his protegee. Al-Banshiri\'s senior role in East Africa was taken over, at least in part, by Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah.
A poem entitled \"Tears in the Eyes of Time\" was written about al-Banshiri, commemorating him among the greatest of the \"fallen mujahideen\". Al-Zawahiri recited the poem in his January 2006 internet broadcast
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# Dipeptidyl peptidase
**Dipeptidyl peptidase** is a type of enzyme classified under EC 3.4.14
| 14 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase
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# Marcello-class submarine
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Marcello-class submarine
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9,995,446 |
# Bud Lee (photographer)
**Charles Todd Lee, Jr.** (January 11, 1941, White Plains, New York--June 11, 2015, Plant City, Florida), better known as **Bud Lee**, was a Florida based photojournalist and artist, known for his photograph of a boy wounded in the 1967 Newark riots.
## Biography
**Bud Lee** was born Charles Todd Lee, Jr., on January 11, 1941 in White Plains, New York.
After joining the U.S. Army (3rd Armored Division), Lee began working as a photographer in 1965 for the *Stars & Stripes (newspaper)*. In 1966 the Department of Defense and the National Press Photographers Association named him U.S. Military Photographer of the Year, the Award given by the University of Missouri School of Journalism.
## *Life* magazine photographer {#life_magazine_photographer}
Lee\'s award led to a job as a photojournalist with *Life* magazine where during the summer of 1967 Lee, then 26 years old, captured images of the civil rights movement in Detroit and Newark. He shot the color image of a bleeding 12-year-old civilian, Joe Bass, who had been caught in the cross fire as a Newark Police Department officer shot and killed looter Billy Furr during the 1967 Newark riots. Bass survived the wounds and the image became the cover of *Life* magazine, July 28, 1967. As Managing Editor George P. Hunt wrote in his editorial, this was Lee\'s first major assignment;
> \"Rushing directly from an assignment on the stock market to the riot with only one workable lens, Bud shot the grim sequence of the death of a looter (pp. 20-21) as well as another tragic consequence of that shotgun blast--the boy on our cover.\"
His cover earned Lee *Life* magazine\'s 1967 photographer of the year award, and the sequence drew a first tranche of readers letters from polarized views in the 18 Aug 1967 issue of *Life*, and has since provoked controversy around poverty, civil rights, passive resistance and racial profiling.
## Freelance
Over the next seven years Lee would freelance for *Esquire*, *Harper\'s Bazaar*, *Town & Country*, *Rolling Stone*, the *New York Times Sunday Magazine*, *Vogue*, *Mother Jones*, *Ms.* magazine, London Records, Columbia Records, *The Sunday Times magazine*, the *World Telegraph* and numerous other publications. He taught for many years before returning to freelance photography full-time in 1990.
## Teaching and influence {#teaching_and_influence}
In 1972, while working for the photography department at the University of Iowa Journalism School (where he taught Margo Rosenbaum), Lee founded the Iowa Photographers\' Workshop. After a brief period in L.A. and a long illness, Lee directed his attention to teaching art and filmmaking. After receiving a National Endowment for the Arts grant, he began the Artist Filmmaker in the Schools program in Tampa, FL. During this time, Lee met his wife and started a family.
Lee became an influential and driving force in the Tampa art scene; founding the Artists and Writers Trust and the Florida Photographer\'s Workshop and co-founded the annual Artists and Writers Ball.
## Stroke
In August 2003, Lee suffered a severe stroke and his left side was paralyzed. While some recovery occurred, from September 2008 he was resident in a nursing home. Lee and his family and friends championed the causes of people in nursing homes and the issues and problems they face. He died on June 11, 2015.
## Exhibitions
- Soho Gallery, Cnr Prince St
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# Phularwan
\--\> \| footnotes = }}
**Phularwan** (*پهُلروان}}*), is a city located in the Sargodha District of Punjab province, Pakistan. It is a part of the tehsil of Bhalwal. It is the terminus of a branch of the North-Western railway.
## Location
Latitude 32° 21\' 20.52\" N (32.3557), Longitude 73° 00\' 44.67\" E (73.012408), Phularwan is located on the Lahore-Islamabad motorway (M2) at the Salam interchange in Sargodha District. The town is connected to Sargodha Gujrat Road from two different places from Salam Chowk Via Bhera Phularwan Road, distance is approximately 3 km and secondly from Chakian Phularwan via Phularwan Gujrat Road distance is 4 km. The town\'s importance increased due to the motorway passing near Phularwan. Phularwan is 50 km from the district capital Sargodha. Now it takes only two hours to reach Phularwan from Lahore, Islamabad, and Faisalabad. A famous depot of the Pakistan Army, Mona depot, is 12 km from Phularwan. Nearby places include Rattokala, village Sidhowal, Dhori and Salam.
## Trade and history {#trade_and_history}
**HISTORY**
Phularwan is so rich in history it\'s an historical place in the heart of punjab even before the partition of the subcontinent Phularwan was knows as prominent market for different goods many Sikhs families were living here with pride but after the creation of pakistan on 14 August 1947 all Sikhs left their born place leaving most of their belonging behind and migrate to india even today there are many old houses and buildings in Phularwan which shows its cultural significance. In Phularwan long before the creation of pakistan there was naberdar system in which naberdar was responsible to resolve problems of residents.
Phularwan is known for its Kinnoo production (a special kind of orange). It is an important centre of trade, with manufacture of cotton goods, metal-work, carving, etc. A large amount of sugarcane is produced in this area. However, a large number of furniture makers are adding to commercial activity as the furniture market is the biggest after Sargodha city, in Sargodha district.
Paddy (Rice), Wheat, Cotton, Sesame are also produced significantly, All these crops are traded in local Grain Market
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# Country Top 40 with Fitz
***Country Top 40 with Fitz*** (sometimes abbreviated as CT40), formerly known as *Bob Kingsley\'s Country Top 40*, is an American country music radio countdown show created by former *American Country Countdown* host Bob Kingsley, who hosted the show from its January 2006 debut until shortly before his death in 2019. Currently hosted by Fitz, the program is distributed by Skyview Networks and produced as a joint venture between Hubbard Broadcasting and KCCS Productions, the holding company operated by Kingsley\'s widow. It uses the *Mediabase* Country Singles chart as its source. The program is syndicated to more than 200 radio stations in the United States and Canada.
## History
Prior to the inception of *Country Top 40* in 2005, radio host Bob Kingsley was the host of *American Country Countdown*, a Top 40 country music countdown show based on the *Billboard* Hot Country Songs chart. *Country Top 40* first aired January 1, 2006, on 300 affiliates, three weeks before Kix Brooks of the country music duo Brooks & Dunn took over as host of *American Country Countdown*. Until 2013 it was distributed by Dial Global Radio Networks; with Cumulus Media\'s purchase of Dial Global, along with its purchase of ACC\'s network in 2011, both shows came under the same corporate umbrella.
On October 9, 2019, Kingsley announced his departure from the show to undergo treatment for bladder cancer, hoping to return if his health permitted. In the interim, he formed an agreement with the Country Music Association to provide guest hosts for the program, all of whom would be women, through the November 30 - December 1, 2019 episode. Kingsley died October 17, a week after the announcement.
On December 18, 2019, it was announced that radio personality Fitz, host of *The Fitz Show*, *The Hit List with Fitz*, and *Nashville Minute with Fitz*, would succeed Kingsley as host starting with the January 4, 2020, show, with the blessing of Kingsley\'s widow Nan. Hubbard Broadcasting, Fitz\'s employer, is now CT40\'s production company, and Skyview Networks has taken over as distributor from Westwood One.
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# Country Top 40 with Fitz
## Content
*Country Top 40* is a four-hour show based on the country singles charts tabulated by *Mediabase*. At the beginning of each show from its inception in 2006 until 2017, Kingsley played back snippets of the previous week\'s top 5 hits, ending with the #1 song from the previous week. Beginning with the May 20--21, 2017 program, however, he started the show by playing in full the #1 song from the previous week. (It had been his practice when he hosted *American Country Countdown* beginning in 1986 when *ACC* went from a three-hour to a four-hour program.) The countdown itself features the top 40 country songs of the week, played in ascending order starting with #40 and ending with #1. Each segment includes from two to four songs, with at least one of those songs having a story about the song or its recording artist; some songs are also accompanied by interview snippets from the artist. In addition, some of the songs are followed by a previous hit from the artist.
Regular and recurring features of the show include:
- The **Listener Request**, heard at the end of the first hour. Similar to the **ACC Mailbag** of Kingsley-era *American Country Countdown* shows (which, in turn, was based on the Long Distance Dedication of *AT40*), listeners are invited to send requests (by e-mail or letter) for songs and provide a story about the song\'s meaning to them. If a request is played on the program, that listener receives a gift package (generally, a T-shirt and a copy of that particular show).
- **CT40 Vault**, heard at the end of the second hour. \"A walk down the hall to the vault for a sampling of country music history\" by spotlighting clips of songs from past decades, and ending with the playing of a song in its entirety (i.e. #1 from this week 48 years ago, 28 years ago, 18 years ago, 8 years ago). This feature was likely inspired by a similar feature that was short lived on *American Top 40* in the mid-1980s.
- **CT40 Milestone**, heard at the end of the third hour. Like \"ACC Calendar\" from Kingsley-era *American Country Countdown* programs, \"Milestone\" spotlights a classic song, birthday of a performer or songwriter, or other innovation in country music history
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# Dreamchild (album)
***Dreamchild*** is the sixth solo album released by the British singer Toyah Willcox, released in 1994 via Cryptic Records.
## Background
In 1992, Toyah began preparing a musical which was to be titled *Cindy X*, and for which several songs were written and recorded. When the project was abandoned, the songs were changed and revamped for inclusion in the album. *Dreamchild* is the album with the least amount of input from Willcox herself, with the singer contributing lyrics to only one track. The album was predominantly written by acclaimed producer Mike Bennett, whose credits for labels such as BMG, Trojan, Radikal and Creation Records include The Fall, BMX Bandits, Bob Marley, Kim Fowley, King Tubby and Lee \"Scratch\" Perry. The dance nature of the album also contrasts with the rest of her catalogue, making Willcox appear like more of a guest vocalist than the leading artist on her own album.
In 1997, the album was reissued by Receiver Records as *Phoenix*, featuring an additional track of the same name taken from the otherwise unreleased *Eternity (Madhatter)* sessions, and radically different artwork. However, it was missing the complete lyrics included in the original issue. The album was re-issued in the UK by Cherry Red Records in 2010. It added five extra tracks, including the original *Cindy X* versions of some songs and an outtake from the unreleased *Eternity (Madhatter)* sessions, yet excluded the song \"Phoenix\". This edition retains the original title and cover, albeit with Toyah\'s eyes open, not closed.
## Track listings {#track_listings}
### Original release {#original_release}
1. \"Now and Then\" *(Mike Bennett)* -- 4:41
2. \"Let Me Go\" *(Bennett)* -- 4:56
3. \"World of Tension\" *(Bennett)* -- 4:23
4. \"Out of the Blue\" *(Bennett)* -- 5:51
5. \"Unkind\" *(Bennett)* -- 4:48
6. \"Dreamchild\" *(Bennett)* -- 6:22
7. \"Lost and Found\" *(Bennett)* -- 4:44
8. \"Over You\" *(Bennett, Tacye)* -- 5:18
9. \"I Don\'t Know\" *(Bennett, Toyah Willcox, Paul Mex, Tacye)* -- 5:16
10. \"Disappear\" *(Bennett, Paul Moran, Tayce)* -- 2:42
11. \"Tone Poem\" *(Bennett, Moran)* -- 7:10
12. \"Now and Then\" (Extended X-Rated Mix) -- 7:59
### 1997 *Phoenix* release {#phoenix_release}
1. \"Now and Then\" -- 4:41
2. \"Let Me Go\" -- 4:56
3. \"World of Tension\" -- 4:23
4. \"Out of the Blue\" -- 5:51
5. \"Unkind\" -- 4:48
6. \"Dreamchild\" -- 6:22
7. \"Lost and Found\" -- 4:44
8. \"Over You\" -- 5:18
9. \"I Don\'t Know\" -- 5:16
10. \"Disappear\" -- 2:42
11. \"Phoenix\" *(Bennett, Tacye, Bob Skeat)* -- 8:26
12. \"Tone Poem\" -- 7:10
13. \"Now and Then\" (Extended X-Rated Mix) -- 7:59
### 2010 expanded release {#expanded_release}
1. \"Tone Poem\" -- 7:10
2. \"Now and Then\" -- 4:40
3. \"Let Me Go\" -- 4:57
4. \"World of Tension\" -- 4:23
5. \"Out of the Blue\" (Radio Mix) -- 4:49
6. \"Unkind\" -- 4:48
7. \"Dreamchild\" -- 6:22
8. \"Lost and Found\" -- 4:44
9. \"Over You\" -- 5:18
10. \"I Don\'t Know\" -- 5:17
11. \"Disappear\" -- 2:42
12. \"Open the Skies\" *(Bennett)* -- 4:20
13. \"Another Way\" *(Bennett)* -- 4:37 (alternate version of \"World of Tension\")
14. \"Over You\" -- 3:57 (*Cindy X* Version)
15. \"Let Me Go\" -- 4:48 (*Cindy X* Version)
16
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# Tylototriton
***Tylototriton*** is a genus of newts known as **crocodile newts** or **knobby newts**. About 38 known species are in this genus. Many species have been described just recently. They range from northeastern India and Nepal through Burma to northern Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and southern China.
## Species
38 species recognized as of July 2023: `{{Div col}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Tylototriton anguliceps* Le, Nguyen, Nishikawa, Nguyen, Pham, Matsui, Bernardes, and Nguyen, 2015
- *Tylototriton anhuiensis* Qian, Sun, Li, Guo, Pan, Kang, Wang, Jiang, Wu, and Zhang, 2017
- *Tylototriton asperrimus* Unterstein, 1930
- *Tylototriton broadoridgus* Shen, Jiang, and Mo, 2012
- *Tylototriton dabienicus* Chen, Wang, and Tao, 2010
- *Tylototriton daloushanensis* Zhou, Xiao, and Luo, 2022
- Huang, Xiang, Wu, Zhang, Zhang, Wang, Lan, Huang, Jiang, and Jiang, 2024
- *Tylototriton hainanensis* Fei, Ye, and Yang, 1984
- *Tylototriton himalayanus* Khatiwada, Wang, Ghimire, Vasudevan, Paudel, and Jiang, 2015
- *Tylototriton kachinorum* Zaw, Lay, Pawangkhanant, Gorin, and Poyarkov, 2019
- *Tylototriton kweichowensis* Fang and Chang, 1932
- *Tylototriton liuyangensis* Yang, Jiang, Shen, and Fei, 2014
- *Tylototriton lizhengchangi* Hou, Zhang, Jiang, Li and Lu, 2012
- *Tylototriton maolanensis* Li, Wei, Cheng, Zhang, and Wang, 2020
- *Tylototriton ngarsuensis* Grismer, Wood, Quah, Thura, Espinoza, Grismer, Murdoch, and Lin, 2018
- *Tylototriton ngoclinhensis* Phung, Pham, Nguyen, Ninh, Nguyen, Bernardes, Le, Ziegler & Nguyen, 2023
- *Tylototriton notialis* Stuart, Phimmachak, Sivongxay, and Robichaud, 2010
- *Tylototriton panhai* Nishikawa, Khonsue, Pomchote, and Matsui, 2013
- *Tylototriton panwaensis* Grismer, Wood, Quah, Thura, Espinoza, and Murdoch, 2019
- *Tylototriton pasmansi* Bernardes, Le, Nguyen, Pham, Pham, Nguyen, and Ziegler, 2020
- *Tylototriton phukhaensis* Pomchote, Khonsue, Thammachoti, Hernandez, Peerachidacho, Suwannapoom, Onishi, and Nishikawa, 2020
- *Tylototriton podichthys* Phimmachak, Aowphol, and Stuart, 2015
- *Tylototriton pseudoverrucosus* Hou, Gu, Zhang, Zeng, and Lu, 2012
- *Tylototriton pulcherrimus* Hou, Zhang, Li, and Lu, 2012
- *Tylototriton shanjing* Nussbaum, Brodie, and Yang, 1995
- *Tylototriton shanorum* Nishikawa, Matsui, and Rao, 2014
- *Tylototriton sini* Lyu, Wang, Zeng, Zhou, Qi, Wan, and Wang, 2021
- *Tylototriton sparreboomi* Bernardes, Le, Nguyen, Pham, Pham, Nguyen, and Ziegler, 2020
- *Tylototriton taliangensis* Liu, 1950
- *Tylototriton thaiorum* Poyarkov, Nguyen, and Arkhipov, 2021
- *Tylototriton tongziensis* Li, Liu, Shi, Wei, and Wang, 2022
- *Tylototriton umphangensis* Pomchote, Peerachidacho, Hernandez, Sapewisut, Khonsue, Thammachoti, and Nishikawa, 2021
- *Tylototriton uyenoi* Nishikawa, Khonsue, Pomchote, and Matsui, 2013
- *Tylototriton verrucosus* Anderson, 1871
- *Tylototriton vietnamensis* Böhme, Schöttler, Nguyen, and Köhler, 2005
- *Tylototriton wenxianensis* Fei, Ye, and Yang, 1984
- *Tylototriton yangi* Hou, Zhang, Zhou, Li, and Lu, 2012
- *Tylototriton zaimeng* Decemson, Lalremsanga, Elangbam, Vabeiryureilai, Shinde, Purkayastha, Arkhipov, Bragin & Poyarkov, 2023
- *Tylototriton ziegleri* Nishikawa, Matsui, and Nguyen, 2013
<File:Emperor> newt yunnan china.jpg\|*Tylototriton shanjing* <File:Krokodilmolch-01.jpg>\|*Tylototriton verrucosus* <File:Tylototriton> ziegleri Male1.jpg\|*Tylototriton ziegleri* <File:Tylototriton> umphangensis.jpg\|*Tylototriton umphangensis*
## Phylogeny
The following phylogeny of *Tylototriton* is from Nishikawa, Matsui & Rao (2014). `{{clade| style=font-size:90%;line-height:85%
|label1='''''Tylototriton'''''
|1={{clade
|label1=Subgenus ''Yaotriton''
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Tylototriton panhai]]''
|2=''[[Tylototriton asperrimus]]''
}}
|label2=Subgenus ''Tylototriton''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Tylototriton taliangensis]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Tylototriton kweichowensis]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Tylototriton verrucosus]] verrucosus'' ([[Nepal]])
|2=''[[Tylototriton verrucosus]] verrucosus'' ([[Myanmar]])
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Tylototriton yangi]]''
|2=''[[Tylototriton uyenoi]]''
|label3=''[[Tylototriton shanjing|T
| 505 |
Tylototriton
| 0 |
9,995,541 |
# Santa Maria Air Force Base
**Santa Maria Air Force Base -- ALA4** `{{Airport codes|RIA|SBSM}}`{=mediawiki} is a base of the Brazilian Air Force, located in Santa Maria, Brazil.
It shares some facilities with Santa Maria Airport.
## History
In 1944 the then President of Brazil Getúlio Vargas allocated an area of 4 million square meters near Santa Maria with the purpose of building an aerodrome. The works were conducted on an urgent basis, with the collaboration of the United States Army and it was finally opened in April 1945.
Santa Maria Air Force Base was created on 18 December 1970 and was commissioned on 15 October 1971 and since then it has an active presence in the region.
Between 1971 and 2015, civil and military facilities were shared. However, in 2015 an agreement between the Brazilian Air Force and the Municipality of Santa Maria, transferred part of the facilities to the latter. The civil portion of the aerodrome is administered by the Municipality and the military portion by the Brazilian Air Force.
## Units
The following units are based at Santa Maria Air Force Base:
- 1st Squadron of the 10th Aviation Group (1º/10ºGAv) *Poker*, using the AMX A-1M.
- 3rd Squadron of the 10th Aviation Group (3º/10ºGAv) *Centauro*, using the AMX A-1M.
- 5th Squadron of the 8th Aviation Group (5º/8ºGAv) *Pantera*, using the H-60L Black Hawk.
- 1st Squadron of the 12th Aviation Group (1º/12ºGAv) *Hórus*, using the Elbit RQ-450 Hermes, Elbit RQ-900 Hermes, and Elbit RQ-1150 Heron.
- 4th Squadron of the 1st Communications and Control Group (4º/1ºGCC) *Mangrulho*, using radars and equipment for air defense.
## Accidents and incidents {#accidents_and_incidents}
- 24 June 1985: Brazilian Air Force, a Lockheed C-130E Hercules registration FAB-2457 flew into the side of a hill while on approach to land at Santa Maria Air Force Base under fog. All 7 occupants died.
## Access
The base is located 11 km east of downtown Santa Maria.
## Gallery
This gallery displays aircraft that are or have been based at Santa Maria. The gallery is not comprehensive.
### Present aircraft {#present_aircraft}
<File:Brazilian> Air Force AMX air-to-air refuelling.jpg\|AMX A-1M <File:UH-60> Brazil (cropped).jpg\|Sikorsky H-60L Black Hawk <File:Vant> Hermes 450 da FAB no aeroporto de Cáceres (MT) (8101398607).jpg\|Elbit RQ-450 Hermes
### Retired aircraft {#retired_aircraft}
<File:L-19> (8141380799).jpg\|Cessna L-19A Bird Dog <File:Aeronave> T6 da Força Aérea Brasileira -- FAB.tif\|North American T-6G Texan Neiva N-591 Regente C-42 2238 FAB SDU 08.05.72 edited-3.jpg\|Neiva L-42 Regente <File:Iroquois> (4892089037).jpg\|Bell H-1H Iroquois <File:Brazilian> Air Force Embraer AT-26 Xavante (EMB-326GC) RSC.jpg\|Embraer AT-26 Xavante <File:Neiva> T-25\... Universal (621), Brazil - Air Force AN1132356.jpg\|Neiva T-25A Universal <File:Emb810> Brazil (16559291830)
| 433 |
Santa Maria Air Force Base
| 0 |
9,995,550 |
# Closer (Travis song)
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{{single chart|Flanders Tip|20|artist=Travis|song=Closer|rowheader=true|access-date=9 February 2014}}
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``
| 22 |
Closer (Travis song)
| 0 |
9,995,569 |
# Whitby, Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway
The **Whitby, Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway** (WRMU), `{{aka}}`{=mediawiki} the **Whitby--Loftus Line**, was a railway line in North Yorkshire, England, built between 1871 and 1886, running from Loftus on the Yorkshire coast to the Esk at Whitby, and connecting Middlesbrough to Whitby along the coast.
For much of its journey the line hugged the cliffs, and had a troubled build due to the proximity to the sea and poor quality of the construction on many of its original bridges and viaducts. The line was closed to passengers in May 1958, but the northern section to Boulby Potash Mine re-opened in the 1970s.
## History
### Background
Whitby had been connected to the national rail system by the Whitby and Pickering Railway since the 1830s. Loftus was connected to the rail system by the 1870s via an extension of the Cleveland Railway: both the Cleveland Railway and the Middlesbrough and Guisborough Railway were constructed in the 1860s connecting Middlesbrough to Guisborough.
### Loftus to Whitby {#loftus_to_whitby}
The 16 mi extension of the line from Loftus to Whitby Town railway station, was authorised by an act of Parliament, the **`{{visible anchor|Whitby, Redcar, and Middlesborough Union Railway Act 1866}}`{=mediawiki}** (29 & 30 Vict. c. cxcv) in 1866, with the majority of construction carried out under John Dickson between 1871 and 1886. Due to a lack of funds and problems with the contractor work was suspended on the route until the NER took up the lease in 1875. John Waddell won the contract, and the line was scheduled to open on 13 July 1881, but due to the extra work required to bring it up to standard, it was a further two and a half years before the line was opened on 3 December 1883. Many bridges were defective and piers did not sit vertically correct. The original tunnels were out of line so that when boring was done from either end they did not meet in the centre. Part of the proposed line was dangerously close to the cliff edge and was abandoned by the NER which took a route further inland through Sandsend and Kettleness tunnels. The line had gradients, heavily engineered sections (bridges, tunnels), and sea-frets to contend with, and as such, line speeds were imposed. Even so, it was quicker to travel on the railway from Middlesbrough and Stockton to Scarborough than by road. The line was single track throughout, but all stations, bar `{{rws|Sandsend}}`{=mediawiki}, had passing loops. The section ran from Whitby to Loftus, where it joined the NER Middlesbrough -- Loftus route head on. From the beginning the line was run by the NER, which held the lease and ran services to Whitby along the Esk Valley Line and the Malton -- Whitby Line. The NER took over the line fully in 1889.
British Railways published a proposal to close the line in September 1957; the line\'s operating costs exceeded its revenue generation, closure would result in a yearly saving of £10,950 operating costs and avoid £57,000 (`{{Inflation|UK|57000|1957|r=-4|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}`{=mediawiki})`{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}}`{=mediawiki} of structural maintenance (over five years) required on tunnels and viaducts particularly between Sandsend and Kettleness. With dwindling passengers after the war years, the route was only popular during summer weekends and closed on 5 May 1958. Whitby West Cliff station remained open for another three years, serving trains from Whitby to Scarborough until it closed on 12 June 1961, after which Scarborough trains had to reverse at Prospect Hill Junction where the line from Whitby Town met those from Scarborough and Loftus.
In 1960, work began to dismantle the line, viaducts were sold for scrap metal and concrete was used in the construction of sea defences.
## The railway today {#the_railway_today}
In 1973, a 4+1/2 mi section of the line at the northern end, was re-opened after Cleveland Potash Ltd developed Boulby potash mine next to the former route, north of the village of Boulby in Redcar and Cleveland. This section of the line remains open as a freight line, but the stations remain closed. The dismantled section south of Boulby is now a footpath.
In January 2019, Campaign for Better Transport released a report identifying the line between Saltburn and Loftus which was listed as Priority 2 for reopening. Priority 2 is for those lines which require further development or a change in circumstances (such as housing developments)
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# Joe O'Reilly
**Joe O\'Reilly** (born 1 April 1955) is an Irish Fine Gael politician has served as a senator for the Labour Panel since April 2016, and previously from 2007 to 2011 for the Industrial and Commercial Panel and from 1989 to 1992 for the Cultural and Educational Panel. He served as Leas-Chathaoirleach of Seanad Éireann from August 2020 to December 2022. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cavan--Monaghan constituency from 2011 to 2016.
## Early and personal life {#early_and_personal_life}
Born in Cootehill, County Cavan, he was educated at St Patrick\'s College, Cavan; St. Aidan\'s Comprehensive School, Cootehill; University College Dublin; Trinity College Dublin; St Patrick\'s College, Dublin and the Dublin Institute of Technology. O\'Reilly is a primary school teacher by profession.
## Political career {#political_career}
In local politics, he was first elected to Cavan County Council in 1985 but lost his seat in 1991. He was re-elected at the 1999 local elections for the Bailieborough local electoral area and again in 2004.
He was a candidate at the 2007 general election for the Cavan--Monaghan constituency. As a result of Fianna Fáil Minister Rory O\'Hanlon serving as Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann from 2002 to 2007, he was guaranteed reelection and therefore the seats were reduced from 5 to 4 in the constituency. He finished with a total of 9550 first preference votes, the highest losing vote in the country in that election. He won a seat in the general election in February 2011. He lost this Dáil seat at the 2016 general election.
In European elections, he was an unsuccessful candidate at the 2009 European Parliament election, for the North-West constituency.
As a Senator, he was first elected in 1989 to the 19th Seanad, on the Cultural and Educational Panel. He lost his seat at the 1993 Seanad elections and was unsuccessful again at the 1997 Seanad election. He was elected to the 23rd Seanad in 2007, serving on the Industrial and Commercial Panel and as Fine Gael Seanad Spokesperson on Communications, Energy and Natural Resources. O\'Reilly was elected to the Labour Panel of the 25th Seanad in April 2016.
He is the Fine Gael Seanad Spokesperson on Foreign Affairs and Trade.
## Political views {#political_views}
In 2017, Fine Gael announced that they were planning a bill to allow pubs to open on Good Friday, reversing a 90-year-old ban. O\'Reilly went against his party\'s view and said that the tradition was \"part of our national identity\"
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# Samuel Calvert
**Samuel Wesley Calvert** (September 16, 1867 -- March 11, 1956) was a soldier and politician. He was mayor of Chipman, Alberta, and as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1935 to 1940 sitting with the Social Credit caucus in government.
## Early life {#early_life}
Calvert was a corporal in the 19th Alberta Dragoons, a cavalry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia.
## Political career {#political_career}
Calvert began his political career by serving as Mayor of Chipman, Alberta.
Calvert ran for a seat in the legislature in the 1935 Alberta general election as a Social Credit candidate in the electoral district of Victoria. He defeated three other candidates with a large majority to pick up the seat for his party.
Calvert did not run for a second term and retired at dissolution of the assembly in 1940
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# Mugimama Is This Monkey Music?
***Mugimama Is This Monkey Music?*** is an album by Mugison, released in 2004. The name of the song \"What I Would Say in Your Funeral\" has been misspelled at the back of the cover as \"What I Would Say in Your Funiral\".
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"I Want You\" - 3:53
2. \"The Chicken Song\" - 3:04
3. \"Never Give Up\" - 0:50
4. \"2 Birds\" - 5:06
5. \"What I Would Say In Your Funeral\" - 3:53
6. \"Sad as a Truck\" - 3:16
7. \"Swing Ding\" - 0:28
8. \"I\'d Ask\" 2:48
9. \"Murr Murr\" - 2:52
10. \"Salt\" - 3:50
11. \"Hold on to Happiness\" - 4:30
12
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# Anthony Poindexter
**Anthony Scott Poindexter** (born July 28, 1976) is an American football coach and former safety, who is the current safeties coach for the Penn State Nittany Lions. He played college football at Virginia from 1995 to 1998 for head coach George Welsh, and earned All-American honors. He then played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Baltimore Ravens and Cleveland Browns from 1999 to 2001.
## Early life {#early_life}
Poindexter, a native of Bedford County, Virginia, attended New London Academy, Forest Middle School, and Jefferson Forest High School in Forest, Virginia. In middle school, he led his team to an undefeated season as quarterback. In high school, Anthony excelled in football, baseball, and basketball. As quarterback and safety, Poindexter led the Cavaliers to back-to-back Division 3 football championships in 1992 and 1993, defeating Matoaca High School in both finals. Poindexter earned first-team all-state honors as a junior and senior. He was selected as the 1993 AP Group AA Player of the Year as a senior. Poindexter was drafted by the Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball during his senior season of high school.
## College career {#college_career}
Poindexter accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Virginia and he played safety for coach George Welsh\'s Virginia Cavaliers football team from 1995 to 1998. He was compared to NFL players such as Ronnie Lott, for his hard-hitting style. As a redshirt freshman in 1995, Poindexter teamed with fellow defensive back Adrian Burnim in one of the most famous plays in Cavalier history as the two stopped Florida State\'s running back Warrick Dunn inches from the goal line, defeating the second ranked Seminoles 32-28. In 1996, he made a school record with 98 tackles and as a junior in 1997 he finished with 78. As a junior, Poindexter had the choice between declaring himself for the 1998 NFL draft or staying in college for his senior year. Draft experts projected that he would likely be drafted in the first round, but Poindexter stayed at Virginia for his senior season but watched his draft stock plummet as injuries corrupted his senior season. The Cavaliers were expected to have a very strong team and were ranked as high as the top ten. In the first seven games of the season, Poindexter made 73 tackles, two sacks and three interceptions.
In a game against N.C. State in 1998, Poindexter made a tackle on wide receiver Chris Coleman but he twisted his left leg and tore his ACL and two other ligaments. His season at Virginia was over, and possibly his professional career; he could not participate in the NFL Scouting Combine or the Virginia Pro Day.
Poindexter\'s No. 3 \[UVA\] jersey was retired on October 10, 2009.
Poindexter was named to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2020.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
His chances of getting drafted were slim and depended on the teams doctors\' opinions. The Baltimore Ravens took a chance on Poindexter by drafting him in the seventh round with the 216th overall pick. In his rookie season, he was placed on the injured reserve list, but he returned for the Ravens\' championship season in 2000. He played in 10 games on special teams where he caused one forced fumble. He did not play in Super Bowl XXXV, however. Shortly after the game, he was released, but was picked up by the Cleveland Browns in June 2001. He was released again in September that same year and never played another NFL game.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
After the end of his NFL career in 2001, Poindexter returned to his alma mater as a graduate assistant. He eventually made his way up the coaching totem pole and was the safeties coach at the end of his tenure at the University of Virginia.
In 2014, Poindexter accepted a position at the University of Connecticut as the defensive coordinator/safeties coach. Poindexter was dismissed along with the rest of the defensive coaching staff at the end of the 2016 season.
In 2017, Poindexter was hired as the co-defensive coordinator (along with Nick Holt) and safeties coach. Purdue made two bowl games in his tenure as defensive coordinator.
In 2021, Poindexter was hired as safeties coach at Penn State. At the end of the 2023 regular season, PSU defensive coordinator, Manny Diaz, left to take the head coaching position at Duke. Poindexter was then appointed as interim co-defensive coordinator for Penn State\'s appearance in the Peach Bowl
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# HMCS Chaleur (MCB 144)
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# Four kingdoms of Daniel
The **four kingdoms of Daniel** are four kingdoms which, according to the Book of Daniel, precede the \"end-times\" and the \"Kingdom of God\".
## The four kingdoms {#the_four_kingdoms}
### Historical background {#historical_background}
The Book of Daniel originated from a collection of legends circulating in the Jewish community in Babylon and Mesopotamia in the Persian and early Hellenistic periods (5th to 3rd centuries BC), and was later expanded by the visions of chapters 7--12 in the Maccabean era (mid-2nd century BC).
The \"four kingdoms\" theme appears explicitly in Daniel 2 and Daniel 7, and is implicit in the imagery of Daniel 8. Daniel\'s concept of four successive world empires is drawn from Greek theories of mythological history. The symbolism of four metals in the statue in chapter 2 is drawn from Persian writings, while the four \"beasts from the sea\" in chapter 7 reflect Hosea 13:7--8, in which God threatens that he will be to Israel like a lion, a leopard, a bear or a wild beast. The consensus among scholars is that the four beasts of chapter 7, like the metals of chapter 2, symbolise Babylon, Media, Persia and the Seleucid Greeks, with Antiochus IV as the \"small horn\" that uproots three others (Antiochus usurped the rights of several other claimants to become king).
### Daniel 2 {#daniel_2}
In chapter 2, Nebuchadnezzar dreams of a statue made of four different materials, identified as four kingdoms:
1. Head of gold. Explicitly identified as King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon (v. 37--38).
2. Chest and arms of silver. Identified as an \"inferior\" kingdom to follow Nebuchadnezzar (v. 39).
3. Belly and thighs of bronze. A third kingdom which shall rule over all the earth (v. 39).
4. Legs of iron with feet of mingled iron and clay. Interpreted as a fourth kingdom, strong as iron, but the feet and toes partly of clay and partly of iron show it shall be a divided kingdom (v. 41).
### Daniel 7 {#daniel_7}
In chapter 7, Daniel has a vision of four beasts coming up out of the sea, and is told that they represent four kingdoms:
1. A beast like a lion with eagle\'s wings (v. 4).
2. A beast like a bear, raised up on one side, with three Curves between its teeth (v. 5).
3. A beast like a leopard with four wings of fowl and four heads (v. 6).
4. A fourth beast, with large iron teeth and ten horns (v. 7--8).
This is explained as a fourth kingdom, different from all the other kingdoms; it \"will devour the whole earth, trampling it down and crushing it\" (v. 23). The ten horns are ten kings who will come from this kingdom (v. 24). A further horn (the \"little horn\") then appears and uproots three of the previous horns: this is explained as a future king.
### Daniel 8 {#daniel_8}
In chapter 8 Daniel sees a ram with two horns destroyed by a he-goat with a single horn; the horn breaks and four horns appear, followed once again by the \"little horn\". The passage says the goat is the king of Greece and its initial horn its first king (v21).
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# Four kingdoms of Daniel
## Schools of thought {#schools_of_thought}
### Rashi\'s interpretation {#rashis_interpretation}
Rashi, a medieval rabbi, interpreted the four kingdoms as Nebuchadnezzar (\"you are the head of gold\"), Belshazzar (\"another kingdom lower than you\"), Alexander of Macedon (\"a third kingdom of copper\"), and the Roman Empire (\"and in the days of these kings\"). Rashi explains that the fifth kingdom that God will establish is the kingdom of the messiah.
### Christian interpretation {#christian_interpretation}
From the time of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, the \"four monarchies\" model became widely used by all for universal history, in parallel with eschatology, among Protestants. Some continued to defend its use in universal history in the early 18th century.
There are references in classical literature and arts that apparently predate the use of the succession of kingdoms in the *Book of Daniel*. One appears in Aemilius Sura, an author quoted by Velleius Paterculus (c. 19 BC -- c. AD 31). This gives Assyria, Media, Persia and Macedonia as the imperial powers. The fifth empire became identified with the Romans. (After the 17th century, the concept of a *fifth monarchy* was re-introduced from Christian millennarian ideas.)
An interpretation proposed by Swain (1940) sees the \"four kingdoms\" theory, an import from Asia Minor, becoming the property of Greek and Roman writers in the early 2nd century BC. They built on a three-kingdom sequence, already mentioned by Herodotus (c. 484--425 BC) and by Ctesias (fl. 401 BC). Several other authors have since contested this dating and origin, placing the life-time of Sura and the Roman adaptation of the model in the 1st century BC.
Christian Reconstructionists and Full Preterists believe that Daniel is completely fulfilled, and that the believers are now working to establish the Kingdom of God on earth.
Two main schools of thought on the *four kingdoms* of Daniel, are:
1. the traditionalist view, supporting the conflation of *Medo-Persia* and identifying the last kingdom as the Roman Empire.
2. the *Maccabean thesis*, a view that supports the separation of the Medes from the Persians and identifies the last kingdom as the Seleucid Empire.
#### Roman Empire schema {#roman_empire_schema}
The following interpretation represents a traditional view of Jewish and Christian Historicists, Futurists, Dispensationalists, Partial Preterists, and other futuristic Jewish and Christian hybrids, as well as certain Messianic Jews, who typically identify the kingdoms in Daniel (with variations) as:
1. the Babylonian Empire
2. the Medo-Persian Empire
3. the Greek Empire
4. the Roman Empire, with other implications to come later
Jerome (c. 347--420) described this scheme in his *Commentary on Daniel*. Within this framework there are numerous variations.
##### Use with the Book of Revelation {#use_with_the_book_of_revelation}
Christian interpreters typically read the Book of Daniel along with the New Testament\'s Book of Revelation. The Church Fathers interpreted the beast in Revelation 13 as the empire of Rome. The majority of modern scholarly commentators understand the \"city on seven hills\" in Revelation as a reference to Rome.
##### Second temple theory {#second_temple_theory}
Full Preterists, Idealists, certain Reconstructionists and other non-futurists likewise typically believe in the same general sequence, but teach that Daniel\'s prophecies ended with the destruction of the Second Temple of Jerusalem, and have few to no implications beyond that. Jewish and Christian Futurists, Dispensationalists, and, to some degree, Partial Preterists believe that the prophecies of Daniel stopped with the destruction of the Second Temple of Jerusalem; but will resume at some point in the future after a gap in prophecy that accounts for the Church Age.
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# Four kingdoms of Daniel
## Traditional views {#traditional_views}
### Eschatological themes {#eschatological_themes}
For over two thousand years readers have speculated as to the meaning of the themes running through the Book of Daniel:
- The four kingdoms: In Daniel 2 Nebuchadnezzar dreams of a giant statue of four metals identified as symbolising kingdoms, and in Daniel 7 Daniel sees a vision of four beasts from the sea, again identified as kingdoms. In Daniel 8, in keeping with the theme by which kings and kingdoms are symbolised by \"horns\", Daniel sees a goat with a single horn replaced by four horns. Secondary symbols are involved with each: the statue is smashed by a mysterious stone which grows into a mountain, and the fourth beast has ten horns and an additional human-like horn, identified as a king. Further imagery includes Daniel 7\'s Son of Man (more accurately \"one like a son of man\"), the \"holy ones of the Most High\", and the eternal Kingdom of God which will follow the four kingdoms and the \"little horn\".
- Chronological predictions: Daniel predicts several times the length of time that must elapse until the coming of the Kingdom of God. A prophecy of Jeremiah is reinterpreted so that \"70 years\" means \"70 weeks of years\", and the last half of the last \"week\" is defined as \"a time, times, and half a time\", then as 2,300 \"evenings and mornings\", with further numbers of days at the very end of the book.
- The \"anointed one cut off\": Daniel 9 makes two references to an \"anointed one\", which has had major implications for Christian eschatology. Daniel 9:25 says: \"Until there is an anointed ruler will be seven weeks\"; the next verse says: \"After the sixty-two weeks the anointed one shall be cut off.\" Scholars take these as references to the high priest Joshua from the early Persian era and to the high priest Onias III, murdered in the 2nd century, but Christians have taken them both to refer to the death of Christ, which then provides a fixed point for calculating the time to the end of the world.
- The \"abomination of desolation\": This is mentioned in Daniel 8, 9 and 11. In the New testament this was taken to refer to the eschatological future and the destruction of Jerusalem (Matthew 24:15, Mark 13:14), and later still it was interpreted as the Antichrist.
- Martydom and resurrection: Daniel 11 tells how the \"wise\" lay down their lives as martyrs at the end-time persecution for resurrection into the final kingdom. Daniel 3 (the story of the Fiery Furnace) and Daniel 6 (Daniel in the lions\' den) were read in this light, providing a prototype for Christian martyrdom and salvation through the centuries.
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# Four kingdoms of Daniel
## Traditional views {#traditional_views}
### Seventh-day Adventists {#seventh_day_adventists}
The prophecy of 2,300 days in Daniel 8:14 plays an important role in Seventh-day Adventist eschatology. The 2,300 days are interpreted as 2,300 years using the day-year principle. According to the Adventist teaching, this period starts in unison with the Prophecy of Seventy Weeks in 457 BC and ends in 1844 AD. It was thought that the end of this period would bring the end of days as advocated by the Millerite movement at the turn of the 19th century.
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Chapter | Parallel sequence of prophetic elements as understood by Historicists |
+===========================================================================================================================================================================================================================+=======================================================================+
| | Past |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Daniel 2 | Head\ |
| | Gold\ |
| | (Babylon) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Daniel 7 | Winged lion |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Daniel 8 | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Daniel 11--12 | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| (Nations in parentheses are interpretation of symbols as given in the text. Nations in italic parentheses are Historicist interpretation. \"One like a son of man\" and \"Michael\" are understood to be the same being.) | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
Most Adventist groups in the Millerite tradition hold similar beliefs about the Great Apostasy, as do those of other Restorationist types of Christian faith. Some of these, most notably the Seventh-day Adventist Church, have traditionally held that the apostate church formed when the Bishop of Rome began to dominate and brought heathen corruption and allowed pagan idol worship and beliefs to come in, and formed the Roman Catholic Church, and to rest from their work on Sunday, instead of Sabbath, which is not in keeping with Scripture.
Seventh-day Adventists teach that the Little Horn Power which as predicted rose after the breakup of the Roman Empire is the papacy. In 533 AD Justinian, the emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, legally recognized the bishop (pope) of Rome as the head of all the Christian churches. Because of the Arian domination of some of the Roman Empire by the barbarian tribes, this authority could not be exercised by the bishop of Rome. Finally, in 538 AD, Belisarius, one of Justinian\'s generals, routed the Ostrogoths, the last of the barbarian kingdoms, from the city of Rome and the bishop of Rome could begin establishing his universal civil authority. So, by the military intervention of the Eastern Roman Empire, the bishop of Rome became all-powerful throughout the area of the old Roman Empire.
Like many reformation-era Protestant leaders, the writings of Adventist pioneer Ellen White speak against the Catholic Church as a fallen church and in preparation for a nefarious eschatological role as the antagonist against God\'s true church and that the pope is the Antichrist. Many Protestant reformers such as Martin Luther, John Knox, William Tyndale and others held similar beliefs about the Catholic Church and the papacy when they broke away from the Catholic Church during the Reformation.
Ellen White writes, `{{blockquote|His word has given warning of the impending danger; let this be unheeded, and the Protestant world will learn what the purposes of Rome really are, only when it is too late to escape the snare. She is silently growing into power. Her doctrines are exerting their influence in legislative halls, in the churches, and in the hearts of men. She is piling up her lofty and massive structures in the secret recesses of which her former persecutions will be repeated. Stealthily and unsuspectedly she is strengthening her forces to further her own ends when the time shall come for her to strike. All that she desires is vantage ground, and this is already being given her. We shall soon see and shall feel what the purpose of the Roman element is. Whoever shall believe and obey the word of God will thereby incur reproach and persecution.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite book
| last = White
| first = Ellen G.
| author-link = Ellen G. White
| title = The Great Controversy: Between Christ and Satan
| orig-year = 1888
| url = http://www.whiteestate.org/books/gc/gc.asp
| access-date = 2006-06-06
| year = 1999
| publisher = The Ellen G. White Estate
| isbn = 0-8163-1923-5
| chapter = Enmity Between Man and Satan
| chapter-url = http://www.whiteestate.org/books/gc/gc30.html
| page = 581
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070531225517/http://www.whiteestate.org/books/gc/gc.asp
| archive-date = 2007-05-31
}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}`{{relevance|inline|date=March 2024}}`{=mediawiki}
### Baháʼí Faith {#baháʼí_faith}
The Baháʼí Faith interprets the prophecy of the 2300 days and the 70 weeks in the same manner as the Seventh-day Adventists, with the period ending in the year 1844. In Baháʼí belief, 1844 marked the end of the *old world* and the start of the millennial period. This meant the end of the *Islamic age*, the end of the prophetic cycle of all religions, and the inauguration of the common era where the fulfillment of prophecies would occur for all religions. For the Baháʼí, the promise of the return of *God\'s Messenger* was fulfilled in this year by the appearance of the Báb, followed 19 years later by Baha\'u\'llah.
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# Four kingdoms of Daniel
## Traditional views {#traditional_views}
### Methodists
Methodist theologian and historicist Adam Clarke proposed an alternative to the 1844 date as used by Seventh-day Adventists and followers of Baháʼí Faith. Clarke viewed Daniel 8 as a separate vision from Daniel 7. In his 1831 commentary on `{{bibleverse|Daniel|8:14|KJV}}`{=mediawiki}, he states that the 2,300-year period should be calculated from 334 BC, the year Alexander the Great began his conquest of the Persian Empire. His calculation ends in the year 1966, where he links to `{{bibleverse|Daniel|7:25|KJV}}`{=mediawiki}.
The traditional interpretation of the four kingdoms, shared among Jewish and Christian expositors for over two millennia, identifies the kingdoms as the empires of Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece and Rome. This view conforms to the text of Daniel, which considers the Medo-Persian Empire as one, as with the \"law of the Medes and Persians\".^(6:8,\ 12,\ 15)^ These views have the support of the Jewish Talmud, medieval Jewish commentators, Christian Church Fathers, Jerome, and Calvin.
Jerome specifically identified the four kingdoms of Daniel 2 in this way. The \"four monarchies\" theory existed alongside the Six Ages and the Three Eras, as general historical structures, in the work of Augustine of Hippo, a contemporary of Jerome.
The alternative view which sees the sequence ending with Greece and the Diadochi, thus excluding Rome, is not without historical precedent however. The pagan critic of Christianity, Porphyry, suggested a variation of this interpretation in the third century CE. In the following centuries, several Eastern Christians espoused this view, including Ephrem the Syrian, Polychronius, and Cosmas Indicopleustes.
During the Medieval ages the orthodox Christian interpretation followed the commentary by Jerome on the Book of Daniel. It tied the fourth monarchy and its end to the end of the Roman Empire, which was considered not to have yet come to pass (the Eastern Roman Empire persisted until 1453). This is the case for example in the tenth-century writer Adso, whose *Libellus de Antichristo* incorporated the characteristic medieval myth of the Last Roman Emperor. Otto of Freising used the principle of *translatio imperii* and took the Holy Roman Empire as the continuation of the Roman Empire (as fourth monarchy).
### Protestant Reformation {#protestant_reformation}
`{{See also|Historicism (Christianity)}}`{=mediawiki} A series of Protestant theologians, such as Jerome Zanchius (1516--1590), Joseph Mede (1586--1639), and John Lightfoot (1602--1675), particularly emphasized the eschatological theory of four monarchies. Mede and other writers (such as William Guild (1586--1657), Edward Haughton and Nathaniel Stephens (c. 1606--1678)) expected the imminent end of the fourth empire, and a new age. The early modern version of the four monarchies in universal history was subsequently often attributed to the chronologist and astrologer Johann Carion, based on his *Chronika* (1532). Developments of his Protestant world chronology were endorsed in an influential preface of Philipp Melanchthon (published 1557).
The theory was topical in the 1550s. Johann Sleidan in his *De quatuor imperiis summis* (1556) tried to summarise the status of the \"four monarchies\" as historical theory; he had already alluded to it in previous works. Sleidan\'s influential slant on the theory was both theological, with a Protestant tone of apocalyptic decline over time, and an appeal to German nationalist feeling in terms of *translatio imperii*. The *Speculum coniugiorum* (1556) of the jurist Alonso De la Vera Cruz, in New Spain, indirectly analysed the theory. It cast doubts on the Holy Roman Emperor\'s universal *imperium* by pointing out that the historical \"monarchies\" in question had in no case held exclusive sway. The Carion/Melanchthon view was that the Kingdom of Egypt must be considered a subsidiary power to Babylon: just as France was secondary compared to the Empire.
The Catholic Jean Bodin was concerned to argue against the whole theory of \"four monarchies\" as a historical paradigm. He devoted a chapter to refuting it, alongside the classical scheme of a Golden Age, in his 1566 *Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem*.
In 1617, sculptures representing the four kingdoms of Daniel were placed above the doors of Nuremberg town hall:
Nürnberg Rathaus (The Town Hall) 3.jpg\|The lion represents the King of Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar. The bear represents the Persian King, Cyrus. Nürnberg Rathaus (The Town Hall) 4.jpg\|The leopard represents the King of the Greek Empire, Alexander. The fourth beast represents the Roman Empire, Julius Caesar.
### Fifth Monarchists {#fifth_monarchists}
In the conditions leading to the English Civil War of 1642--1651 and in the disruption that followed, many Englishmen advanced millennarian ideas, believing they were living in the \"end of days\".`{{page needed|date=February 2019}}`{=mediawiki} The Fifth Monarchists were a significant element of the Parliamentary grouping and, in January 1661, after Charles II had taken the throne following the English Restoration of 1660, 50 militant Fifth Monarchists under Thomas Venner attempted to take over London to start the \"Fifth Monarchy of King Jesus\". After the failure of this uprising, Fifth Monarchists became a quiescent and devotional part of religious dissent
| 805 |
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# Alban Way
The **Alban Way** is a shared-use path along the former Hatfield and St Albans Railway in Hertfordshire, England. The route is 6.3 mi long and is owned by St Albans City & District Council and Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council, within their respective boundaries.
## History
The Hatfield and St Albans Railway opened in 1865 and was in use for passengers until 1951 and freight trains until 1969.
## Route
The path runs from St Albans, close to St Albans Abbey railway station and the site of Roman Verulamium, through Fleetville and Smallford to Hatfield; it ends close to Hatfield railway station.
Part of National Cycle Network Route 61, which runs from the River Thames at Maidenhead to the River Lea in Ware, the Alban Way is fully tarmacked throughout making it usable all year round. It can be linked to a separate section of Route 61, also along a disused railway route, runs from Welwyn Garden City to Hertford and is called the Cole Green Way.
The remains of most of the station platforms still exist along the route, with many as of 2017 having recently been refurbished along with signage and street names painted into the tarmac. A station building still stands at the London Road exit in St Albans, which has been converted into a nursery, while at Nast Hyde Halt a replica semaphore signal has been erected along with a garden and other signage.
At what used to be Hill End Station, a small remembrance park has been created to remember a former mental health hospital that existed at the site. It is located in what was the hospital\'s graveyard, once close to the track opposite Longacres park. Most of the graves are covered and few remain intact but include a plaque describing the story behind the gravestones, including some details about specific patients.
Within the section that runs through Welwyn Hatfield, three smaller stations were on route before Hatfield: Nast Hyde Halt, Lemsford Road Halt and Fiddlebridge. Part of the route in the 1980s was cut through by the A1(M) and Hatfield Tunnel and passes close to The Galleria.
In Hatfield, the route joins the *Great North Way* (National Cycle Network route 12) and, in St Albans, links to National Cycle Network route 6.
## Future proposals {#future_proposals}
There was once some speculation that the railway may be reinstated in the future as an extension to the proposed Abbey Line tram system although this never materialised.
## Bus connections {#bus_connections}
\[Red Eagle\] route S4 provides a link to the start of the route by Cottonmill Lane. Passengers should alight at Weyman\'s to join the route. Bus service 601 by Uno also runs close to part of the route from Fleetville to Hatfield.
## Gallery
These May 2017 photographs are ordered from the Hatfield end towards the St Albans end.
cmglee_Alban_Way_Nast_Hyde_Halt_signal.jpg\|Remains of Nast Hyde Halt railway station cmglee_Alban_Way_Nast_Hyde_Halt_platform.jpg\|Nast Hyde Halt railway station platform cmglee_Alban_Way_arch.jpg\|Sculptural arch on the Alban Way cmglee_Alban_Way_cyclist.jpg\|Hill End Lane bridge cmglee_Alban_Way_steel_bridge.jpg\|Bridge over Camp Road cmglee_Alban_Way_bridge
| 504 |
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| 0 |
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# Pearl River High School (New York)
**Pearl River High School** (**PRHS**) is a public high school in Pearl River, Rockland County, New York, United States. It is part of the Pearl River Union Free School District.
## Awards
- 2001 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
- 2020 Niche.com COVID-19 Pandemic Safety Award
## Notable alumni {#notable_alumni}
- Harry Babcock, football player and first overall draft pick
- Kevin Houston, basketball player
- Dan Fortmann, football player
- Christopher Carley, actor
- Corinna Lin, figure skater
- Robert Clohessy, actor
- Paul Teutul Sr
| 94 |
Pearl River High School (New York)
| 0 |
9,995,736 |
# Russell Buchanan
**Russell A. Buchanan** (January 24, 1900 -- December 6, 2006) was, at age 106, one of the last surviving American veterans of the First World War. He served in the Navy during the final months of World War I and later on enlisted in the Army to serve in World War II when he was in his 40s.
## Biography
Buchanan was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and died in Watertown, Massachusetts. In 1918, Buchanan enlisted in the United States Navy at age 18. Russell stayed in the military long enough to have served in the Second World War, however, he retired from service in 1943 (i.e. after 25 years of service), and died at age 106 from a stroke
| 122 |
Russell Buchanan
| 0 |
9,995,743 |
# Interstate 10 in Mississippi
**Interstate 10** (**I-10**), a major east--west Interstate Highway in the southern areas of the United States, has a section of about 77 mi in Mississippi.
## Route description {#route_description}
I-10 enters the Gulf Coast area of Mississippi from Louisiana after crossing the East Pearl River. The highway parallels US Route 90 (US 90) to the north, traversing the southern parts of the three southernmost counties in the state: Hancock, Harrison, and Jackson.
As I-10 enters the Gulfport--Biloxi metropolitan area, its median widens shortly after crossing the Pearl River. The eastbound Mississippi Welcome Center is off the highway at exit 2 (Mississippi Highway 607, MS 607), and the eastbound truck weigh station can be found just west of exit 13 (MS 43/MS 603). Shortly after exit 13, I-10 crosses a bridge over the Jourdan River and enters Diamondhead, where the interstate serves as a buffer between the communities and the north shore of Bay of St. Louis while crossing the Hancock--Harrison county line at the same time. It widens from four to six lanes between the bridge over the Wolf River and exit 28 (Country Farm Road) northeast of Cuevas.
The highway passes through the northern section of Mississippi\'s second-largest city, Gulfport, and has a cloverleaf interchange with US 49 (exit 34) crossing a railway line, US 49 itself, and Bayou Bernard in the process, respectively. Additionally, the interchange is north of the flight plan for planes at Gulfport--Biloxi International Airport. The crossing of these two roads is officially recognized as the Castiglia Interchange. 4 mi later, I-10 intersects MS 605 (Lorraine Road), which provides access to Gulfport\'s eastern neighborhoods and crosses the Biloxi River. A short distance later, the road crosses the Tchoutacabouffa River before entering the northern sections of Biloxi. After two diamond interchanges, collective--distributor roads can be found on both sides at exits 46A--D. The eastbound exits here are for D\'Iberville Boulevard (exit 46A), I-110 (southbound exit 46B), as well as northbound MS 15 and MS 67. The westbound exits are for Lamey Bridge Road (exit 46D), northbound MS 15/MS 67 (exit 46C), and southbound I-110 (exit 46B). Shortly after the semi-complex interchange, the route crosses the Harrison--Jackson county line.
No other interchanges exist within Jackson County until over 3 mi later at MS 609 (exit 50), and the road narrows back down to four lanes east of MS 57 (exit 57) north of Ocean Springs. One last interchange can be found in Gautier west of a pair of rest areas on both sides of the road. A connecting U-turn for official and emergency vehicles links both rest areas with one another. Immediately after the rest areas, I-10 uses a long causeway to cross the West Pascagoula River, several unnamed creeks and rivers, wetlands, and swamps, before crossing the main channel.
East of the Pascagoula wetlands, the road enters the northern section of Moss Point. Two interchanges with MS 613 and MS 63 provide access to the city of Pascagoula and are in close proximity to one another before I-10 starts to head northeastward. Following a shorter causeway over the Escatawpa River and its wetlands, I-10 has one last eastbound truck weigh station across the road from the westbound Mississippi Welcome Center, followed by one last interchange, for Franklin Creek Road (exit 75). The first westbound truck weigh station can be spotted across the road before I-10 finally enters Alabama after trekking 77 mi in the Magnolia State.
## History
I-10 was built in 1982 throughout Mississippi. It was originally completed in Alabama and Louisiana before Mississippi completed its portion. I-10 in Alabama routed onto US 90 at the state line, which was the default roadway across southern Mississippi before I-10 was completed. Today, US 90 is not directly accessible from I-10. When coming from Louisiana, I-10 ended at MS 607 (exit 2). Today, entering Mississippi from Louisiana, the first 12 mi is the NASA John C. Stennis Space Center easement zone. To this day, I-10 displays the control city of Bay St. Louis from traveling from New Orleans, Louisiana; and Pascagoula from traveling from Mobile, Alabama
| 683 |
Interstate 10 in Mississippi
| 0 |
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# Lawrence Daly
**Lawrence Daly** (20 October 1924 -- 23 May 2009) was a coal miner, trade unionist and political activist.
Born in Fife as one of nine children, Daly\'s father Jimmy was a miner and a founder member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), who suffered blacklisting due to his activities during the 1926 general strike. Jimmy was of Irish Catholic extraction whilst Lawrence\'s mother Janet was a Presbyterian. Lawrence was educated at local Catholic schools: he later said that his education had left him with both a considerable knowledge of Scottish poetry and \"a need for a strongly authoritative dogma\". He subsequently pursued adult education through correspondence courses organised by the National Council of Labour Colleges. At 15, Lawrence Daly began work as a miner at Glencraig Colliery. At this time he also joined the Young Communist League.
Daly was soon active in the Scottish Mineworkers\' Union. His initial involvement was in the labour movement\'s youth wing; amongst other activities he represented the British Trades Union Congress (TUC) on an international youth delegation to Moscow in 1945. He wrote a pamphlet on the visit titled *A Young Miner Sees Russia*, which was published the following year. He also attended the 1945 World Youth Conference in London as a delegate, where he met his future wife, Renee, who attended as a delegate from Worcestershire Youth Clubs. He was chair of the Scottish TUC\'s Youth Committee, and later was elected chair of the Scottish Youth Committee of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM). He held a variety of offices in the Glencraig NUM Branch, probably the most important for an aspiring activist was his ten years as Workman\'s Inspector, an appointment provided for under the coal mines safety legislation.
Although active in the CPGB from 1940, he was having differences with party doctrine from the late 1940s. Despite these differences, in 1951 Daly spent some time as full-time party agent in West Fife. He eventually left the Party in 1956, shortly before the mass exodus of membership over the Soviet invasion of Hungary. He became associated with the formation of the \"New Left\", in its journals *New Reasoner* and later the *New Left Review*. In 1957, Daly helped to found the Fife Socialist League. He joined the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament the same year. He was elected as a County Councillor for the Ballingry division in May 1958, and at the 1959 general election, he took 10.7% of the vote in West Fife, easily beating the CPGB candidate. When the FSL disbanded in 1964, Daly joined the Labour Party. In the late 1960s Daly served as a member of the Russell Tribunal which investigated alleged war crimes committed by the United States in the Vietnam War.
Daly rose through the NUM ranks. He was elected to the National Union of Mineworkers Scottish Area Executive Committee in 1962, became the full-time agent for the Fife, Clackmannan and Stirling District a year later, and then General Secretary of the Scottish Area NUM in 1965. Daly was part of the movement in the mid-1960s for the abolition of piecework at the coalface, and its replacement by a national day wage structure--- the National Power Loading Agreement (NPLA) of 1966. In 1968, Daly was elected General Secretary of the NUM, and following what had by then almost become a tradition in the NUM, worked with two moderate Presidents, Sidney Ford and Joe Gormley. As a result of his election he moved from Scotland to London to base himself at the union\'s headquarters on Euston Road. He steered the union through two major strikes in 1972 and 1974. Both strikes were a response to a massive falling behind of miners wages generally, and of coalface workers wages particularly; these occasioned by the effects of the \"standstill\" clauses in the NPLA, where the highest paid colliers in the Midlands and Nottinghamshire gave up any real pay increases as they waited until faceworkers\' shift rates in Scotland, Wales and other areas caught up.
Following the 1974 strike, Prime Minister Edward Heath called a general election over the issue of \"who governs Britain\". He lost, although his successor as leader of the Conservative Party successfully all but destroyed the NUM little over ten years later. Daly sustained a serious injury in a road accident in 1975, in which his brother and sister-in-law were killed, and had prolonged leave of absence following it. He was succeeded as NUM General Secretary by Peter Heathfield from the Derbyshire Area in 1984. Following his retirement he settled in Berkhamsted, before spending the last ten years of his life in a nursing home in Luton.
## Death
Lawrence Daly died on 23 May 2009.`{{Where?|date=April 2013}}`{=mediawiki} He was survived by his wife Renee and five children: daughter Shannon, and sons Rannoch, Morven, Kerran and Cavan
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# Interstate 10 in Alabama
**Interstate 10** (**I-10**) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from Santa Monica, California, to Jacksonville, Florida. In Alabama, the Interstate Highway runs 66.269 mi from the Mississippi state line near Grand Bay east to the Florida state line at the Perdido River. I-10 is the primary east--west highway of the Gulf Coast region of Alabama. The highway connects Mobile, the largest city in South Alabama, with Pascagoula, Mississippi, to the west and Pensacola, Florida, to the east. Within the state, the highway connects Mobile and Mobile County with the Baldwin County communities of Daphne and Fairhope. I-10 connects Mobile and Baldwin County by crossing the northern end of Mobile Bay and the southern end of the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta via the George Wallace Tunnel in Mobile and the Jubilee Parkway viaduct system between Mobile and Daphne.
## Route description {#route_description}
I-10 enters Mobile County from Jackson County, Mississippi, near just north of where US Route 90 (US 90) crosses the state line near Grand Bay. The four-lane freeway has an eastbound welcome center ahead of its first interchange, a diamond interchange with the western end of State Route 188 (SR 188) due north of the center of Grand Bay. I-10 continues east-northeast through a partial cloverleaf interchange with County Road 39 (CR 39) north of Irvington. The highway crosses the Fowl River and curves more northeast through a diamond interchange with CR 30 (Theodore Dawes Road) west of the community of Theodore. I-10 expands to six lanes ahead of a pair of interchanges near Tillmans Corner: a partial cloverleaf interchange with US 90 (Government Boulevard) and a full cloverleaf interchange with SR 193 (Rangeline Road). I-10 enters the city of Mobile at Halls Mill Creek just east of SR 193. The highway has a directional-T interchange with the southern end of I-65, which serves Montgomery and Birmingham. I-10 continues northeast from I-65 as an eight-lane freeway that parallels CSX\'s NO&M Subdivision rail line. The highway has a complex interchange with SR 163 (Dauphin Island Parkway) just east of the Dog River; the interchange includes a flyover from southbound SR 163 to eastbound I-10 and a left-ramp flyover from westbound I-10 to southbound SR 163. I-10 and the railroad form the northern margin of Mobile Aeroplex at Brookley (formerly Brookley Air Force Base), along which the freeway has a partial cloverleaf interchange with Michigan Avenue. North of the airport, the interstate has a pair of half-diamond interchanges with Duval Street and Broad Street; the half-interchanges are connected by a one-way pair of frontage roads.
I-10 crosses over a Canadian National Railway/Illinois Central Railroad rail line and leaves the CSX rail line as it curves north toward downtown Mobile. The freeway has a four-ramp partial cloverleaf junction with Virginia Street and a pair of half-diamond interchanges with Texas Street (southbound exit, northbound entrance) and Canal Street (northbound exit, southbound exit). North of Canal Street, I-10 has a directional-T interchange with Water Street, which provides access to downtown Mobile. Within that interchange, the freeway reduces to four lanes and curves east and descends into the George Wallace Tunnel to pass under the Mobile River. I-10 resurfaces on Blakeley Island and has an interchange with US 90 and US 98 (Battleship Parkway) west of Battleship Memorial Park.
I-10 leaves Blakeley Island, the city of Mobile, and Mobile County on Jubilee Parkway, a dual-viaduct crossing of several rivers at the northern end of Mobile Bay. The first major segment is a crossing of Polecat Bay, and the confluence of the Spanish River and the Tensaw River, within which the interstate enters Baldwin County. The viaduct continues through a cut in an island, then continues across Chacaloochee Bay, within which the freeway has a diamond interchange with US 90 and US 98 (Battleship Parkway), which mostly follow causeways across the great expanse of water. Beyond the interchange, I-10 continues across the bay and the mouth of the Apalachee River, Bay John, the mouth of the Blakeley River, and D\'Olive Bay. The dual viaducts reach the eastern shore just west of a five-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange with US 90 and US 98 south of the center of Spanish Fort and north of Fairhope.
I-10 continues east as a four-lane freeway along the northern edge of the city of Daphne. The freeway has a diverging diamond interchange with SR 181 (Malbis Plantation Parkway) in the northeastern corner of the city near the hamlet of Malbis. I-10 has a four-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange with SR 59 on the northern edge of Loxley. The interstate crosses the Fish River and has a diamond interchange with the Baldwin Beach Express, a new county highway that connects I-10 with the beach communities of Gulf Shores and Orange Beach. I-10 has one more interchange in Alabama, a diamond interchange with CR 64 (Wilcox Road). Beyond CR 64, the freeway parallels and then crosses the Styx River, then the westbound highway has a welcome center just west of the Perdido River, where I-10 leaves Alabama and enters Escambia County, Florida, and Pensacola.
## Exit list {#exit_list}
\|exit=23 \|road=Michigan Avenue }} `{{ALint|exit
|mile={{#expr:22.221 + 1.73}}`{=mediawiki} \|mile2={{#expr:22.221 + 2.35}} \|exit=24 \|road=Duval Street, Broad Street \|notes=Pair of half-diamond interchanges with connecting frontage roads }} `{{ALint|exit
|mile={{#expr:22.221 + 3.33}}`{=mediawiki} \|exit=25 \|road=Virginia Street \|notes=Marked as exit 25B westbound }} `{{ALint|exit
|mile={{#expr:22.221 + 3.60}}`{=mediawiki} \|exit=25A \|type=incomplete \|road=Texas Street \|notes=Westbound exit and eastbound entrance }} `{{ALint|exit
|mile={{#expr:22.221 + 4.21}}`{=mediawiki} \|exit=26A \|type=incomplete \|road=Canal Street \|notes=Eastbound exit and westbound entrance }} `{{ALint|exit
|mile={{#expr:22.221 + 4.38}}`{=mediawiki} \|exit=26B \|road=`{{jct|state=AL|road|Water Street|to2=yes|I|165|location1=[[Downtown Mobile, Alabama|Downtown]]}}`{=mediawiki} \|notes=Eastbound entrance removed 2017 \|type=incomplete }} `{{ALint|exit
|mile=26.983
|bridge=[[George Wallace Tunnel]] under the [[Mobile River]]
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ALint|exit
|mile=27.662<!-- GH 27.47 -->
|exit=27
|type=incomplete
|road={{jct|state=AL|US|90|US|98|dir2=east|name2=[[Battleship Parkway]]|city1=Battleship Park}}<hr>{{jct|state=AL|US|90|dir1=west|name1={{jct|state=AL|US-Truck|98|dab1=Mobile|dir1=west|noshield=yes}}|US|98|dir2=west|name2=[[Government Street (Mobile, Alabama)|Government Street]]}}
|notes=Eastbound signage; no eastbound entrance from US 90/US 98<hr>Westbound signage
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{jctbridge|exit|river=[[Spanish River (Alabama)|Spanish River]]|mile=27.662|mile2=|bridge=West end of [[Jubilee Parkway]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ALint|exit
|county=Baldwin
|cspan=7
|location=Spanish Fort
|mile=30.220<!-- GH 30.02 -->
|exit=30
|road={{jct|state=AL|US|90|US|98|name2=Battleship Parkway|city1=Battleship Park}}
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Jctplace|exit
|location_special=[[Mobile Bay]]
|mile=34.662
|mile2=
|place=Eastern end of [[Jubilee Parkway]]
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ALint|exit
|location=Daphne
|lspan=2
|mile=35.129<!-- GH 34.93 -->
|exit=35
|road={{jct|state=AL|US|90|US|98|city1=Daphne|city2=Fairhope|city3=Spanish Fort}}
|notes=Signed as exits 35A (US 98) and 35B (US 90) eastbound
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ALint|exit
|mile=38.720<!-- GH 38.50 -->
|exit=38
|road={{jct|state=AL|AL|181|name1=Malbis Plantation Parkway|city1=Daphne|city2=Spanish Fort}}
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ALint|exit
|location=Loxley
|mile=44.278<!-- GH 44.08 -->
|exit=44
|road={{jct|state=AL|AL|59|city1=Loxley|city2=Bay Minette|city3=Foley|city4=Gulf Shores|city5=Orange Beach}}
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ALint|exit
|location=Robertsdale
|lspan=2
|mile=49.550
|exit=49
|road={{jct|state=AL|Beach|Baldwin|name1=CR 68|city1=Gulf Shores|city2=Orange Beach}}
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ALint|exit
|mile=53.114<!-- GH 59.92 -->
|exit=53
|road={{jct|state=AL|CR|64|dab1=Baldwin|name1=Wilcox Road}}
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{jctbridge|exit
|river=[[Perdido River]]
|lspan=2
|mile=66.269<!-- GH 66
| 1,068 |
Interstate 10 in Alabama
| 0 |
9,995,768 |
# HMCS Chignecto
Three Canadian naval units have carried the name **HMCS *Chignecto***.
- \(I\) was a Second World War `{{sclass|Bangor|minesweeper|1}}`{=mediawiki}. Commissioned in October 1941, she was paid off in November 1945.
- \(II\) was a Bay-class minesweeper. Commissioned in December 1953, she was paid off in March 1954 and sold to France.
- (III), also a Bay-class minesweeper, was commissioned in August 1957
| 64 |
HMCS Chignecto
| 0 |
9,995,815 |
# Symphony No. 40 (Michael Haydn)
Michael Haydn\'s **Symphony No. 40 in F major**, Perger 32, Sherman 40, MH 507, written in Salzburg in 1789, was the last symphony in F major that he wrote.
The symphony is scored for 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, and strings, and in three movements:
1. Allegro molto
2. Adagio mà non troppo
3. Rondeau, Vivace
## Discography
The London Mozart Players conducted by Matthias Bamert recorded this symphony on the Chandos label along with Symphonies No.s 11, 16, 25 and 34
| 89 |
Symphony No. 40 (Michael Haydn)
| 0 |
9,995,817 |
# Philippe Gondet
**Philippe Jean-Marie Gondet** (17 May 1942 -- 21 January 2018) was a French professional footballer who played as a forward. He played for France at the 1966 FIFA World Cup in England
| 35 |
Philippe Gondet
| 0 |
9,995,822 |
# HMCS Comox
Several Canadian naval units have been named **HMCS *Comox***.
- \(I\) was a `{{sclass|Fundy|minesweeper|1}}`{=mediawiki} that served with the Royal Canadian Navy from 1938--1945.
- \(II\) was a `{{sclass2|Bay|minesweeper|2}}`{=mediawiki} that served the Royal Canadian Navy from 1954--1957. She was sold to Turkey
| 44 |
HMCS Comox
| 0 |
9,995,827 |
# Daniel S. Papp
**Daniel S. Papp** (born 1948) is an American scholar of international affairs and policy. Papp served in a variety of professorial and administrative roles in the University System of Georgia (USG) (1973 - 2016). From 2006 to 2016, Papp served as President of Kennesaw State University (KSU), the third-largest university in the State of Georgia. During Papp\'s tenure, the University\'s enrollment increased by approximately seventy-five percent, growing from 19,854 to 33,252 undergraduate and graduate students. Under Papp, the University also significantly increased its research and graduate profile, adding a number of new academic programs (including eleven (11) doctoral degrees) and becoming classified as a Doctoral University with Moderate Research Activity. In Fall 2015, a University employee alleged the University\'s director of food services was engaged in fiscal misconduct, leading to an investigation by the Georgia Bureau of Investigation and USG. Investigations uncovered evidence the University\'s business office and external foundation were not consistently following USG financial procedures and mandatory reporting of financial misconduct policy. Termination of several high-ranking University employees followed. The investigation also contended the University\'s external foundation prematurely disbursed approximately \$577,000 Papp earned in deferred compensation. While there was no evidence Papp approved or was aware of improprieties, on May 10, 2016, Papp announced his retirement.
## Education
Papp is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Dartmouth College with a bachelor\'s degree in International Affairs in 1969. In 1973, Papp received a Ph.D. in International Affairs from the University of Miami. He is a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.
## Career
### Professorial career {#professorial_career}
In 1973, Papp was hired as an Assistant Professor of International Affairs at the Georgia Institute of Technology (colloquially known as Georgia Tech) in 1973. While in this position, Papp\'s scholarship centered upon international security policy‚ U.S. and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) foreign and defense policies‚ and international system change. During his tenure at Georgia Tech, Papp seven as a visiting and research professor at Fudan University (Shanghai, China); The Center for Aerospace Doctrine, Research and Education at the U.S. Air War College (Montgomery, Alabama); The Strategic Studies Institute at the U.S. Army War College, (Carlisle, Pennsylvania); and the Western Australia Institute of Technology (Perth, Australia). In 1980, he became the Director of Georgia Tech\'s School of Social Sciences (now Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts). In 1990 he was appointed founding Director and Professor for Georgia Tech\'s Sam Nunn School of International Affairs.
#### Scholarship
Papp the author or editor of ten books on international security policy, U.S. and U.S.S.R. foreign and defense policies, and the impact of information and communications technologies on national security and international affairs. These include editing of the autobiography of Dean Rusk, former U.S. Secretary of State, during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations and co-authoring "American Foreign Policy: History, Politics, Policies.\" Other authored works include \"Contemporary International Relations\" (5th Edition‚ 1997); \"Soviet Policies toward the Developing World: The Dilemmas of Power and Presence\" (1986); \"Soviet Perceptions of the Developing World in the 1980s: The Ideological Basis\" (1985); and \"Vietnam: The View from Moscow‚ Peking‚ Washington\" (1981). Papp co−edited \"The Information Age Anthology\" (1997); \"International Space Policy\" (1987); \"The Political Economy of International Technology Transfer\" (1986); and \"Communist Nations\' Military Assistance\" (1983). Papp also published more than 60 journal articles and chapters in edited books.
#### Professorial and scholarly awards {#professorial_and_scholarly_awards}
In 1993, Papp was designated Distinguished Professor at Georgia Tech, becoming the first professor of a discipline outside engineering of physical sciences to earn the honor at the institution. Papp\'s work was also twice recognized by the United States Department of Defense with the Outstanding Civilian Service medal. Papp\'s scholarship also earned recognition with a Sloan Scholarship and United States Defense Education Act Scholarship.
### Career as an Academic Administrator {#career_as_an_academic_administrator}
In 1994, Papp was invited to serve as the Faculty Executive Assistant to G. Wayne Clough, President of Georgia Tech. This position is often viewed as a preparation for university- or university system-level senior administration. In 1997, as the conclusion of his service to President Clough, Papp was named Interim President of Southern Polytechnic State University.
#### Interim President of Southern Polytechnic State University {#interim_president_of_southern_polytechnic_state_university}
During Papp\'s tenure as Interim President of Southern Polytechnic State University, Papp\'s principal responsibility was to facilitate the selection of the University\'s new president.
### President of KSU {#president_of_ksu}
Prior to his appointment at KSU, he was the Senior Vice Chancellor for Academics and Fiscal Affairs to the University System of Georgia
| 749 |
Daniel S. Papp
| 0 |
9,995,831 |
# Plasmodium achromaticum
***Plasmodium achromaticum*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium* subgenus *Vinckeia*.
As in all *Plasmodium* species, *P. achromaticum* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are mammals.
## Taxonomy
The parasite was first described by Yakimoff and Stolinikoff in 1912.
## Vectors
Not known.
## Hosts
The only known host for this species is the bat *Achromaticum versperuginus*
| 66 |
Plasmodium achromaticum
| 0 |
9,995,845 |
# Koronos
**Koronos** (Greek:(η) Κόρωνος) is one of the mountain villages on the Greek island of Naxos in the Cyclades group of islands. Situated in the northeast part of the island, Koronos lies on the northeast slopes of the Koronion Oros, the second tallest mountain on the island and has the second highest altitude of the villages at 630 meters above sea level. Along with Apeiranthos (T\'aperathou) and Keramoti, Koronos belongs to the Smiridohoria or the emery-producing villages of Naxos
| 80 |
Koronos
| 0 |
9,995,859 |
# Jimoh Buraimoh
Chief **Jimoh Buraimoh** (born 1943, as **Jimoh Adetunji Buraimoh**) is a Nigerian painter and artist. Chief Buraimoh is one of the most influential artists to emerge from the 1960s workshops conducted by Ulli Beier and Georgina Beier in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. Since then, he has become one of the best known artists from Osogbo.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Jimoh Buraimoh was born in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria, in 1943 into a Muslim branch of the royal family of the town. He attended the 1960s\' workshops conducted by Ulli Beier, and was also a lighting technician in Duro Ladipo\'s theatre..
## Career
Jimoh Buraimoh\'s work merges western media and Yoruba style motifs. He is credited with being Africa\'s first head painter when in 1964, he made a contemporary art form inspired by the Yoruba tradition of incorporating beadwork designs into ceremonial fabrics and beaded crowns. In 1972, he represented Nigeria in the First All African Trade Fair in Nairobi, Kenya. One of his famous paintings was presented at the World Festival of Black Arts, Festac \'77. He was the first Nigerian to be awarded a membership in the Contemporary World Association of Mosaic Artists.
## WORK
Jimoh Buraimoh\'s works have been exhibited both at home and abroad.
## Teaching
Jimoh Buraimoh is also an efficient teaching artist. In 1974, he taught at the Haystack Mountain School of Crafts in Maine. He also taught at the University of Bloomington and other schools in New York, Boston and Los Angeles.
## Award
He was given the U.S. Exchange Alumni Lifetime Achievement Award to recognise his significant contributions to the arts and long-existing cultural relationship between Nigeria and the U.S
| 282 |
Jimoh Buraimoh
| 0 |
9,995,875 |
# Yellow-bellied waxbill
The **yellow-bellied waxbill** (***Coccopygia quartinia***) is a species of estrildid finch native to East Africa. The bird is now named **yellow-bellied swee**.
It breeds in east central and south-eastern Africa. Some taxonomists consider it to be conspecific with the swee waxbill
| 44 |
Yellow-bellied waxbill
| 0 |
9,995,879 |
# HMCS Cowichan (J146)
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| 20 |
HMCS Cowichan (J146)
| 0 |
9,995,883 |
# Saratoga (musical)
***Saratoga*** is a 1959 musical with a book by Morton DaCosta, lyrics by Johnny Mercer, and music by Harold Arlen.
Based on Edna Ferber\'s sprawling 1941 novel *Saratoga Trunk*, it focuses on Clio Dulaine, an \"illegitimate\" Creole woman who seeks revenge on the New Orleans family who exiled her mother when she became impregnated by their son. Posing as a countess raised in France, she joins forces with Montana cowboy Clint Maroon, whose family\'s property was appropriated by railroad tycoon Bart Van Steed. Clint persuades Clio to seduce Bart into proposing marriage, but the conspirators soon find themselves falling in love while scheming to settle old scores.
The success of the musical adaptation of Ferber\'s *Show Boat* convinced her lightning could strike twice. She first approached Rodgers and Hammerstein with her proposal, and when they opted to write *Pipe Dream* instead, she turned to Lerner and Loewe, who agreed to compose the score but lost interest after *My Fair Lady* opened. DaCosta wrote a first draft of the book, which Ferber disliked, and when her offer to adapt the book herself was declined, she backed out of the project.
The bulk of the financing was provided by NBC and RCA Victor, which released the original cast recording. Rock Hudson and Jeanmaire originally were announced as the leads, but ultimately neither participated in the show.
The Broadway production, directed by DaCosta and choreographed by Ralph Beaumont, opened on December 7, 1959 at the Winter Garden Theatre, where it ran for 80 performances. The cast included Carol Lawrence as Clio, Howard Keel as Clint, and Warde Donovan as Bart, with Virginia Capers, Odette Myrtil, Carol Brice, and Edith King in supporting roles.
Critics were impressed by the elaborate sets (which included a turntable and fifteen different locales) and the more than two hundred costumes created by Cecil Beaton, who won the Tony Award for Best Costume Design and was nominated for Best Scenic Design. The leads drew good notices, but most agreed that DaCosta\'s book and direction resulted in a slow-moving, uninvolving production. The main characters were unlikeable, their romance dull, and too many peripheral characters wandered in and out of the action. *Show Boat*, with its riverboat setting, had been a natural for musical adaptation, and whereas Oscar Hammerstein II and Jerome Kern had succeeded in compressing the epic into a lively stage production, the creative team behind *Saratoga* was unable to wring much excitement from a romantic relationship stemming primarily from a mutual desire for vengeance
| 419 |
Saratoga (musical)
| 0 |
9,995,884 |
# Plasmodium relictum
***Plasmodium relictum*** is a species in the genus *Plasmodium,* subgenus *Haemamoeba*.
It is a parasite, and the most common cause of malaria in birds.
Like all *Plasmodium* species, *P. relictum* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.
## Distribution
*P. relictum* is geographically widespread, and is the most widespread malaria parasite of birds. Climate change is broadening its distribution further and is expected to continue to do so, including into higher elevations.
## Hosts
### Avian
*P. relictum* infects a wide variety of birds including birds from various orders. Infections in numerous wild birds and experimental animals have been described including partridges, canaries, chickens, ducks, pigeons and *Spheniscus magellanicus* (Magellanic penguins). Experimental attempts to infect owls were not successful, suggesting owls may not be susceptible to *P. relictum*.
### Vector
*Culex quinquefasciatus*, *Cu. stigmatosoma* and *Cu. tarsalis*
| 147 |
Plasmodium relictum
| 0 |
9,995,906 |
# Looking Back (Toyah Willcox album)
***Looking Back*** is a studio album by the British singer Toyah Willcox, released in 1995. It is a collection of re-recordings of songs from her back catalogue, mostly classic hits from the Toyah band repertoire. The material was originally conceived as part of a double album *Toyah Classics* slated for release in March 1995. The two sets would eventually be released individually, with *Looking Back* as an \'electric\' accompaniment to *The Acoustic Album*, released the following year. The album has never been re-released digitally.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"I Wanna Be Free\" (Toyah Willcox, Joel Bogen) -- 2:53
2. \"Obsolete\" (Willcox, Bogen, Nigel Glockler) -- 2:56
3. \"It\'s a Mystery\" (Keith Hale) -- 3:58
4. \"We Are\" (Willcox, Bogen) -- 3:03
5. \"Thunder in the Mountains\" (Willcox, Adrian Lee, Nigel Glockler) -- 4:16
6. \"Good Morning Universe\" (Willcox, Bogen) -- 3:46
7. \"Angel & Me\" (Willcox, Bogen) -- 3:22
8. \"Be Proud, Be Loud (Be Heard)\" (Willcox, Bogen) -- 3:22
9. \"Danced\" (Willcox, Bogen, Peter Bush) -- 5:09
10. \"Rebel Run\" (Willcox, Simon Darlow) -- 3:14
11. \"Desire\" (Willcox, Robert Fripp) -- 2:34
12
| 191 |
Looking Back (Toyah Willcox album)
| 0 |
9,995,916 |
# Rudolf Schindler (medical doctor)
**Rudolf Schindler** (1888--1968) was a German physician, who practiced medicine as a gastroenterologist. He is regarded widely as the \"father of gastroscopy.\"
He was born in Berlin. During the First World War he described numerous diseases involving the human digestive system. He wrote the illustrated textbook, *Lehrbuch und Atlas der Gastroskopie* (*Textbook and Atlas of Gastroscopy*).
Between 1928 and 1932 Schindler worked with the Berlin-based instrument-maker and technician, Georg Wolf, on the development of the first semi-flexible gastroscope, which allowed a greater range for examination, facilitating diagnosis and some treatments without abdominal surgery.
With the rise of the Nazi party he was arrested. Upon his release in 1934, he made his way to the United States of America. He settled in Chicago, Illinois, and practiced medicine there until 1943. He then relocated to Los Angeles, California, where he continued his work in gastroenterology until his retirement. His work included writing two more books in the field of gastroenterology, teaching students, and saving lives.
Schindler was married to Gabriele Winkler, who was an important contributor to his work and they had two children. After her death in 1964, he married Marie Aumüller Koch, a pianist by whom he was the natural father of two children, including actress and later doctor Marianne Koch, before he fled Germany in 1934. They moved to Munich, Germany where he died in 1968
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Rudolf Schindler (medical doctor)
| 0 |
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# Chris Rogers (jockey)
**Christopher J. Rogers** (October 6, 1924`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}October 29, 1976) was a Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame jockey about whom the great U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Eddie Arcaro called \"one of the most complete riders he had ridden against or watched.\" According to the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame, \"Many horsemen consider Rogers the best jockey produced in Canada.\"
Rogers went on to win 2,043 races in his career including numerous important graded stakes races in Canada. He won that country\'s most prestigious race, the Queen\'s Plate, three times: with Epic in 1949, McGill in 1950 and Cosllisteo in 1954. In 1958 Rogers guided longshot Lincoln Road to victory in the Jersey Derby and to second-place finishes in the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes behind the future U.S. Hall of Fame colt, Tim Tam.
Chris Rogers died of lung cancer in 1976 and the following year was inducted in Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame. In 1988 he was also recognized with the Avelino Gomez Memorial Award for his significant contributions to the sport of horse racing
| 184 |
Chris Rogers (jockey)
| 0 |
9,995,953 |
# Dave Lumley
**David Earl Lumley** (born September 1, 1954) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. Lumley was selected in both the twelfth round of the 1974 NHL amateur draft (199th overall) by the Montreal Canadiens and in the eighth round of the 1974 WHA Amateur Draft (108th overall), by the Vancouver Blazers. Electing to pursue an NHL career, Lumley eventually played parts of nine seasons with the Canadiens, Edmonton Oilers and Hartford Whalers, winning the Stanley Cup on two occasions 1984 and 1985 with the Edmonton Oilers.
## Early life {#early_life}
Lumley\'s formative hockey skills were developed playing in the West Hill Minor and the Scarborough Hockey Associations. As a youth, he played in the 1967 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Toronto Shopsy\'s minor ice hockey team. He attended high school at Sir Wilfrid Laurier Collegiate Institute and lived in Guildwood Village from 1968 to 1973.
## Amateur career {#amateur_career}
After a single season in the Ontario Hockey Association\'s Junior A Richmond Hill Rams, Lumley decided to pursue the game by going to the University of New Hampshire Wildcats, who competed in the ECAC. At the time, this was viewed as an unconventional route, as most prospective NHL\'ers spent their amateur career in the Canadian Hockey League. Lumley also played lacrosse at the University of New Hampshire. He was a 12th round selection in the 1974 Amateur Draft, and instead of turning professional right away he completed his college eligibility playing for the Wildcats, putting up 170 points in just 126 games.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
Lumley joined the Montreal Canadiens organization, and spent the majority of his first two seasons with their American Hockey League affiliate, the Nova Scotia Voyageurs. His play improved dramatically in his second season, where he was named a second-team all-star and was rewarded with a three-game call-up with the Canadiens. On June 13, 1979, Montreal traded Lumley and Dan Newman to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for a second round pick, which was used on future NHL\'er Ric Nattress.
The following season (1979--80) Lumley made the Oilers out of training camp and posted solid totals in both points and penalty minutes in his official rookie season. Lumley would spend a total of five seasons, including a Stanley Cup win, before being claimed in the 1984 NHL Waiver Draft by the Hartford Whalers. Lumley\'s time in Hartford was limited however, as after 48 games the Whalers put him on waivers, where he was reclaimed by the Edmonton Oilers, allowing him to be a part of their second Cup-winning team. Lumley played a limited role on the 1985--86 team, and just one game into the 1986--87 NHL season, he announced his retirement
| 451 |
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# Plasmodium bouillize
***Plasmodium bouillize*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium* and subgenus *Vinckeia*. As in all *Plasmodium* species, *P. bouillize* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are mammals.
## Taxonomy
*Plasmodium bouillize* was first described by Ledger in 1922.
## Hosts
*Plasmodium bouillize\'s* only known host is the monkey *Cercopithecus campbelli
| 59 |
Plasmodium bouillize
| 0 |
9,995,981 |
# Clarence J. McLeod
**Clarence John McLeod** (July 3, 1895 -- May 15, 1959) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
McLeod was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of a well-to-do Scottish father who had served as collector of internal revenue in Detroit. He attended the public schools and the University of Detroit. He graduated with an LL.B. from the Detroit College of Law in 1918. He was a member of Delta Theta Phi.
## Military service {#military_service}
During the First World War, McLeod served as a private in the aviation section at the ground school, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, and as sergeant in the Intelligence Division. He accepted appointment on May 12, 1919, as second lieutenant in the Officers\' Reserve Corps, and successively as captain, major, and lieutenant colonel. He was admitted to the bar in 1919 and commenced the practice of law in Detroit.
## Political career {#political_career}
In November 1920, McLeod was elected as a Republican from Michigan\'s 13th congressional district to the 66th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Charles A. Nichols. McLeod served from November 2, 1920, to March 3, 1921. At the time, McLeod was the youngest person ever elected to Congress, being just five months over the age of 25---the minimum age required by the U.S. Constitution. Furthermore, McLeod was a candidate only to fill the unexpired term of Nichols. At that same election, Vincent M. Brennan was simultaneously elected to a full term in the 67th Congress.
In 1922, however, McLeod was elected to the 68th Congress and subsequently re-elected to the six succeeding Congresses, serving in the House of Representatives without interruption from March 4, 1923, to January 3, 1937. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the Republican primary election for governor of Michigan in 1934. In 1936, he lost to Democrat George O\'Brien in the general election for the 75th Congress. In 1937, McLeod was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for mayor of Detroit.
In 1938, McLeod defeated O\'Brien to be elected to the 76th Congress, serving from January 3, 1939, to January 3, 1941. McLeod lost to O\'Brien in 1940, 1942, and 1944. In 1946, McLeod was defeated for the Republican nomination by Howard Aldridge Coffin, who then went on to defeat O\'Brien in the general election. McLeod won the Republican nomination in 1950 and 1952, but lost both times to O\'Brien in the general election.
## Later life {#later_life}
After leaving Congress, McLeod returned to the practice of law and was a consultant to the administrator of the Federal Civil Defense Administration. He died in Detroit in 1959 and was interred in the city\'s Mount Olivet Cemetery
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| 0 |
9,995,995 |
# Tulancingo
**Tulancingo** (officially **Tulancingo de Bravo**; Otomi: **Ngu̱hmu**) is the second-largest city in the Mexican state of Hidalgo. It is located in the southeastern part of the state and also forms one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo, as well as the Archdiocese of Tulancingo. Located 93 km from Mexico City, this area is the most important wool textile producer in the country and was home to El Santo, Mexico\'s most famous lucha libre wrestler, and to Gabriel Vargas (cartoonist), author of the popular cartoon La Familia Burrón. It is also home to the Huapalcalco archeological site, which was the forerunner to the Teotihuacan civilization. The name derives from the Nahuatl words "tule" and "tzintle" which mean "in or behind the reeds." This is confirmed by its Aztec glyph.
## History
The area is home to some of the oldest settlements in Latin America in Huapalcalco and El Pedregal. These first settlements have been attributed to the Olmecs, Xicalancas and other tribes. A city was founded in 645 BCE by the Toltecs with the name Tolancingo as part of the empire centered in Tula. During this period, the city was home to school and temples. A calendar stone was sculpted here and a temple called Mitlancalco was built to receive the bodies of priests and princes. After 1116 CE, the Toltec Empire declined and the city was abandoned.
According to the Tribute Codex (Códice de los Tributos), the Tulancingo area was a commercial center for the Otomi-Tepehua and Totonaca people since about 1000 CE bringing traders from lands now in the states of Hidalgo, Puebla and Veracruz. Traditional trading still exists in the form of the Thursday "tianguis" or market.
The Chichimecas came to rule here under Xolotl starting around 1120. The city was refounded by these people and the remaining Toltecs. The population increased with the arrival of the Tlaxcaltecas. In 1324, a king named Quinantzin, reorganized the area politically, making Tulancingo the head of a province. Tulancingo marched against Texcoco, but was defeated. In the early 15th century, this same Texcoco, under Huitzilihuit, conquered Tulancingo, putting it within the Aztec Empire. In 1431, the Tulancingo area was again reorganized politically under Itzcoatl and Nezahualcoyotl.
During the Spanish Conquest, Prince Ixtlilxochitl gathered an army here to join Hernán Cortés to conquer Tenochtitlan. Officially, the area came under Spanish rule in 1525, and evangelists arrived soon afterwards. The Franciscans arrived from Texcoco to build a hermitage in the Zapotlan neighborhood. This would eventually become the modern cathedral, consecrated to John the Baptist. This was the beginning of the European city, which was initially constructed for the use of Europeans only; no indigenous were allowed to live there. Those indigenous who worked in city were obliged to live outside it on the outskirts at the base of the Cerro del Tezontle. Today this area is known as Colonia Francisco I. Madero and is part of the city proper.
The Valley of Tulancingo was partitioned between Francisco de Avila and Francisco de Terrazas. The fertile soil and warm climate attracted many Spanish settlers, especially older ones. In time, the area became known as the "Retiring place of Old Conquistadors."
During the Mexican War of Independence, the city was attacked several times by insurgents in 1812, 1814 and 1815. However, royalist forces were able to hold the city until Nicolás Bravo and Guadalupe Victoria took it in 1821, near the very end of the war. Bravo remained here for a time, founding a newspaper called El Mosquito de Tulancingo and constructing a gunpowder factory. This would lead to "de Bravo" being added as an appendage to the city\'s name in 1858. After Agustín de Iturbide was proclaimed emperor in 1822, he maintained a residence in Tulancingo, where he was supported by the populace. When Iturbide was dethroned, he withdrew from Mexico City to Tulancingo on his way to Veracruz and into exile.
Under the 1824 Constitution, Tulancingo was head of a district of the then enormous State of Mexico, which today are the states of Mexico, Hidalgo, Morelos and Guerrero. The Tulancingo district included the areas around Apan, Otumba, Pachuca, and Zempoala.
Despite the ouster of Iturbide, Tulancingo favored a centralist form of government, rather than the state-based federalist one. It would provide refuge to centralists such as Nicolas Bravo during most of the 19th century. Bravo\'s forces were attacked here by federalist forces under Vicente Guerrero in 1828. Guerrero was victorious and Bravo fled into exile. In 1853, dictator Santa Anna imprisoned federalist Melchor Ocampo in the city. Because the city was loyal to the centralist cause, Ocampo was not placed in prison, but rather allowed to walk the streets where the citizens would supervise him. This continued until Santa Anna decided to send Ocampo out of the country.
During the French Intervention in Mexico, the large State of Mexico was divided into three military districts for defensive purposes. The one in which Tulancingo belonged would eventually become the state of Hidalgo. President Benito Juárez could not hold Tulancingo and French troops entered in 1863. French emperor Maximilian I would use the same house in this city that Iturbide used before. This emperor divided the country into fifty departments, making Tulancingo the head of one of them.
In 1863, Tulancingo made the city the head of a see, under the archbishopric of Mexico City, despite desires to have the head of this see in Huejutla. Its territory included parishes from Puebla, Hidalgo and Mexico State. Soon after Juárez and the federalists ousted the Emperor Maximilian, the state of Hidalgo was created. Tulancingo was considered as a place to locate the new state\'s capital but Pachuca was chosen instead.
During the Mexican Revolution, forces loyal to Francisco I. Madero under Gabriel Hernandez took Tulancingo in 1910. Madero himself visited in 1912. Forces loyal to Venustiano Carranza took the city in 1915, with Carranza visiting in 1916.
The municipal territory contains a number of small rivers and streams as well as mountainsides, making it susceptible to flooding. Two most recent major floods occurred in 1999 and 2007. Major flooding occurred in and around the city in 1999, with communities such as La Rosa, on the outskirts, the hardest hit, when rivers and streams overflowed. The flooding was caused by heavy and prolonged rainfall which affected several states in the region. Over 500 houses were abandoned in the city at the height of the disaster. Hurricane Dean caused flooding damage again in 2007, when in less than 12 hours of rain, eighteen colonias were underwater with water pouring off mountainsides. Many houses were completely destroyed and a number flooded by sewerage. Those here were among the estimated 100,000 affected in Hidalgo state.
## Geography
### Climate
The climate is temperate to cold with an annual average temperature of 14C and average rainfall of between 500 and 550 mm per year. Most rain falls from June to October.
| 1,153 |
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| 0 |
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# Tulancingo
## The city {#the_city}
The city is the second largest and second most important in the state. It lies at the foot of the Cerro del Tezontle mountain, which gives views of the city and much of the surrounding valley. At the top there is a restaurant, playground, sports facilities and more. Industrial development has made the city a gateway to the Sierra Poblana and the Mexico\'s northern Gulf coast. Despite the city\'s long history, almost no early colonial structures still survive. It has its own Zona Metropolitana defined, containing 3 municipios, 204,708 people in the 2005 census up from 193,638 in 2000, covering some 674 square kilometers.
The city centers on its cathedral and the Jardin Floresta (Floresta Garden). The cathedral\'s origins date back to 1528 when it was established as a Franciscan monastery, with a church dedicated to Francis of Assisi. This church was reconstructed in 1788 by Damián Ortiz de Castro, and was dedicated to John the Baptist, who is the city\'s patron saint. The cloister of the old Franciscan monastery was left intact. In 1862, this church became the seat of the diocese or see of Tulancingo, gaining cathedral status. In 2007, Tulancingo became an archdiocese with the seat remaining here. This archdiocese is subject to the archdiocese of Mexico and covers a territory of 8000 sqmi, or almost the entire state of Hidalgo and a few parishes in Veracruz. The bishop lives in the old cloister complex.
The cathedral is 56.6 meters tall and made of grey sandstone with a sober Neoclassical facade, and a portal flanked by 17 meter tall Ionic columns. In the interior, there is a holy water font in stone and a wood pulpit decorated with reliefs. There is also an organ with more than 16,000 flutes. The old cloister has rounded arches and ceiling supported by thick wood beams. The Floresta Garden is formed by two sections, the Plaza de la Constitución and Parque Juárez. This area originally was the "Manzana Fundacional" or Foundation (City) Block and the atrium of the original Franciscan monastery in the early 16th century. Shortly after that time, the name was changed to Jardín Floresta. Leathergoods, cider, hats and wool items can be found for sale in La Floresta.
The city has a number of notable churches. The La Expiración Chapel was constructed in 1527 by Friar Juan de Padilla. It is located in the old Zapotlán neighborhood, one block from the San Miguel Municipal Cemetery. It is one of the few buildings left from when the Franciscans founded the Spanish settlement, and is considered to be the oldest chapel in the region. The Iglesia de los Angeles or Church of the Angels is dedicated to an image of the Virgin Mary called the Virgen de los Angeles, or Virgin de los Angelitos (little angels). Devotion to this image began in 1736, but the name was officially given in 1790. In 1862, she was named as the patroness of the diocese of Tulancingo. The church was begun in 1878, but the case and main altar, sacristy and other features were not built until 1942. In 2008, she was named the sovereign (titular) of the archdiocese. Most major religious processions in the city proceed from here and end at the cathedral. The La Merced Temple was constructed in 1892 by José Antonio Agüero. However, the building collapsed before it was finished, leading to a new construction which exists today. Other notable churches include the San José Church and the Church of La Villita.
The Railroad Museum (Museo del Ferrocarril) is located in the old train station. It contains old photographs of the building\'s construction, objects from the office from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Built in 1893 by Gabriel Mancera, this building was the second train station for the city and bears witness to the time period when Tulancingo served as a major hub of transportation and communication in Hidalgo state. Nearby, the Vagón del Ferrocarril (Railroad Car) cafeteria offers crafts and other regional products.
Near the Railroad Museum, at the entrance to the highway that connects Tulancingo to Acatlán and Huasca del Ocampo, is a statue of Tulancingo\'s famous son, Rodolfo Guzmán Huerta, better known as El Santo or The Silver Mask, Mexico\'s most famous lucha libre wrestler. The wrestler was born here in 1917 and is buried here as well. A statue was originally placed here in late 1999, and at the same time, the highway it marks was renamed Boulevard Rodolfo Guzman Huerta, El Santo. The ceremony was hosted by his son, a wrestler named El Hijo del Santo and 100 others including various from the lucha libre world. However, the original statue placed here was met with derision among the populace for its diminutive size and "null athletic characteristics," being called the "Monument to E.T." by many residents. The statue suffered vandalism, which even included a few bullet holes. Between 2004 and 2006, the city and El Santo\'s son worked to replace the statue, eventually hiring self-taught sculptor Edwin Barrera who created the life-sized soldier statues at the military base in the Cuatro Caminos. The current stone monument is 2.30 meters tall and is a reproduction of the wrestler with his cape and mask in a fighting stance.
The Museo de Datos Históricos (Museum of Historical Facts) is in the building that was the first train station for the city. This museum traces the city\'s history from the pre-Hispanic era to the present day. It contains two rooms: one dedicated to photographs and the other with archeological finds including those of the Huajomulco culture.
The Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Library is located in a building constructed in the 19th century on what was part of the cathedral\'s old cemetery. The current library has been in operation since 1984. The Jardin del Arte (Art Garden) and Ricardo Garibay Cultural Center were built were the old Municipal Palace was demolished in 1984. These areas host national and international exhibitions and events featuring art, music and theatrical works.
The Municipal Market is built on what was the Plaza of the Count of Orizaba. In the last decades of the 19th century, it was converted into a market but the building was neglected. In 1948, the current market was constructed. There are five tianguis markets, including one that specializes in counterfeit products (called "fayuca"), two public traditional markets, and a Central de Abastos or wholesale market.
The city has a number of historic homes, mostly dating from the 19th century. The Casa de los Emperadores or House of the Emperors, was used by both Agustín de Iturbide and Maximiliano I as a residence. It is located on the corner of 1 de Mayo and Cuauhtémoc Streets. It is the only house in which both emperors stayed. The Casa de los Huesitos de Chabacano or House of the Little Apricot Pits is a Neoclassical work from the 19th century. The name comes from its owner in the early 20th century who ran a grocery store from the building and would paint apricot pits for neighborhood children to use as toys. The house is still in private hands and located on the corner of Juárez and 1 de Mayo Streets. The Exquitlán Hacienda is a building constructed from the late 19th century by Pánfilo García Otamendi. The work was completed using materials brought from France and was inaugurated in 1908.
The Municipal Zoo has 180 species and a total of 390 animals. Species include lions, tigers, antelopes, lizards, bears, deer and a hippopotamus which is the zoo\'s mascot. Overlooking the city are a number of large satellite dishes, which were constructed in the 1960s, initially to televise the 1968 Olympic Games. These dishes would give the city the nickname of "City of the Satellites." Today, they provide various services. The two largest satellite dishes are 32 meters in diameter and weigh 330 tons each. These provide international service. A third is 15 meters in diameter and links the country with networks in the United States. The last is only 7 meters and is national. These dishes are the largest and the most important in Mexico.
One distinctive neighborhood whose origins can be traced back to the original founding of the Spanish city is Colonia Francisco I. Madero. Located at the base of the Cerro del Tezontle, it began as an indigenous settlement outside the city proper. As the city grew, it eventually was incorporated. The initial separation of the indigenous from the Europeans allows native culture to survive for a time after the Conquest. Old religious practices were maintained in secret and traditional herbal medicine continued to be practiced. Some residents claimed to be nahuals or Mesoamerican demons, making the Spanish of the city afraid to go into this area. Since then, people of this area have been called derisively "nahuals." More recently, crosses have been placed in this area, especially in the intersection of 16 de Septiembre and Avenide del Trabajo to "scare" the nahuals that supposedly still live here.
The annual Feria de Tulancingo [1](https://web.archive.org/web/20100727021633/http://tulancingohidalgo.com.mx/tu-ciudad/feria-tulancingo-2010/) is the main event for the city featuring the commercial, agricultural and industrial activities of the area.
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# Tulancingo
## The municipality {#the_municipality}
As municipal seat, the city of Tulancingo is the local governing authority for over one hundred communities, which cover a territory of 290.4km2. However, about 75% of the municipality\'s population of 129,935 lives in the city proper. Other major communities include Jaltepec (pop. 5,177), Santa Ana Hueytlalpan (pop. 5,261) and Javier Rojo Gómez (pop. 4,972). The municipality borders the municipalities of Metepec, Acaxochitlán, Cuautepec and Singuilucan.
It is located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in the Sierra Hidalgo, as it begins its descent to the Gulf of Mexico. It is mostly valley floor with some peaks. This relatively flat surface is mostly of light volcanic rock cut with ravines, small canyons, large hills and volcanoes. The larger canyons include Los Ermitaños, which forms a "Y" over one kilometer long. The highest point is the Cerro del Tezontle, named after the volcanic rock it is principally made up of. Other elevations include Cerro Viejo, Napateco and Las Navajas. The main river is the Tulancingo River, which is part of the Metztitlán River system. There are four small lakes called Los Alamos, Otontepec, San Alejo and La Ciénega.
The climate is temperate to cold with an annual average temperature of 14C and average rainfall of between 500 and 550 mm per year. Most rain falls from June to October. Forested areas include trees such as pine, ocotea, oyamel, cedar and walnut trees. Most wildlife consist of small mammals such as rabbits and squirrels with birds such as hummingbirds, doves and woodpeckers and reptiles such as snakes. In the Tulancingo Valley, some of the oldest human remains of Mexico were found in Tecolote Cave. However, the most important site is Huapalcalco. This site is located about three km from the center of modern Tulancingo and contains a pre-Hispanic pyramid and cave paintings. In the cliffs of Huapalcalco and nearby, there are fifty groups of cave paintings, some of which date back as far as 10,000 BCE. The pre-Hispanic site was first excavated in the 1950s by Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia (INAH). Carbon dating has placed objects as far back as 1,100 BCE. In the 7th century, a ruler by the name of Quetzalcoatl ruled here until he left to found Teotihuacan. While the remains of this site do not look impressive, they are the forerunners of the Teotihuacan civilization. The center of the site is a five-level pyramid measuring twelve meters at its base and is eight meters high. The function of this site was that of a ceremonial center. At the top of the pyramid, there is a monolithic altar, which was probably used for the deposit of offerings. The name means House of Green Wood.
Most people of the city are familiar with the San Miguel Municipal Cemetery located on Miguel Hidalgo Street in the main city. However, the city and municipally have a number of notable cemeteries. Cemeteries here are a custom brought and imposed by the Spanish after the Conquest. Prior to this, the indigenous peoples buried their dead underneath their houses. The first cemetery in the city was located next to what is now the cathedral. Today, this cemetery no longer exists, as it has been abandoned and built over. Another notable cemetery in the area is the one at Santa Ana Hueytlalpan, where evidence of Otomi traditions can be seen such as the arrangement of Mexican marigolds and offerings of seasonal fruits, mole, sweets and alcohol. The Santa María Cemetery also has indigenous touches but this one has Nahua influence.
Los Ermitanos is a nature preserve which contains two almost parallel ravines and numerous rock formations such as towers, cliffs and narrow peaks. The area has a cold climate and fog is common.
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# Tulancingo
## Economy
The economy of the municipality divides into three sectors, agriculture, manufacturing, industry and mining and commerce. Agriculture employs 5.9% of the population, manufacturing, industry and mining employ 30.5% and commerce employs 63.6%.
The soil is semi arid and fertile. Just over sixty percent of the municipality\'s land is used for agriculture, pastures and for forest products. There is both seasonal and year-round irrigated agriculture practiced in the municipality. Major crops include corn, barley, beans, wheat and animal feed. Most crops are produced seasonally with the total corn crop divided equally between seasonal and irrigated lands. Crops produced year round and usually irrigated include cactus fruit (tunas), alfalfa and hay. Livestock includes cattle, pigs, goats, sheep, horses and domestic fowl. Pine and some other trees are harvested for wood, but this is heavily regulated. The area is an important dairy product producer as well as a producer of cider, made from locally grown apples.
The city is known as the premier wool textile center in the country, specializing in thread and yarn, cashmeres, blankets, as well as embroidered blouses and skirts During the pre-Hispanic era, this area produced cotton textiles, especially in the mountain areas of Huehuetla and Tenango. These were part of the tribute items collected by the Aztecs. Textile production continued into the colonial period, especially to mining communities in the Real del Monte and Pachuca areas. Sometime during this period, the fabric produced switched to mostly wool. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the textile industry here and in the rest of Mexico was modernized and the first train station was opened to ship products. The Mexican Revolution disrupted train service and the textile industry here suffered but came back after the war was over led by the La Esperanza and Santiago Textil factories, and with about 21% of the wool fabric of the country produced here. The textile industry continued to develop with the production of dairy products becoming important as well.
Other industry includes food processing, bottling, tobacco products, textiles, leather goods, wood and paper products, printing, chemicals, plastics and more. The three most important as far as employment are food processing, tobacco and textiles. Handcraft production centers mostly on pottery, making everyday items such as jars, cups and plates. Another craft is the making of leather goods such as sandals, chaps, gloves, etc. Textile items are usually made of wool and include sarapes and rebozos. Pottery includes both burnished and glazed objects. One unique handcrafted item is a type of "God's eye" called a "tenango."
The city has grown rapidly over the past 20 or so years as multinational corporations have moved operations here. However, this growth has put inflationary pressure on goods and services, especially basic foodstuffs as transportation connections here are not as good as in other Mexican cities and foreign interests can pay more for goods. There is still large scale unemployment and underemployment in the area, with many migrating to the United States. Many are men who have moved to Dallas and specialize in selling ice cream.
## Education and infrastructure {#education_and_infrastructure}
The municipality provides public education from preschool to university level. There are 68 pre-schools, 29 primary schools and 30 secondary or middle school schools, in which 1,225 teachers work. There are ten high schools (bachillerato) and six institutions of higher education. These include the Universidad Tecnologica de Tulancingo <http://www.utec-tgo.edu.mx/> and the Universidad Politecnica de Tulancingo <http://www.upt.edu.mx/>
There are 42.4 km of major roadways with over half being federal and the rest state. There is a small airport with a 1,000 meter runway. Most public transportation is by bus, both locally and inter-city. There are two bus stations, first and second class, out of which operate bus lines to Mexico City, Tampico, Tuxpan, Poza Rica as well as to nearby communities in Hidalgo. There are satellite relay stations providing television reception for six broadcast channels and three local radio stations (XENQ, XEQB and XHTNO).
## Sister cities {#sister_cities}
Pleasanton, California, United States
There is a community exchange program with New York City, New York, USA, due to the large numbers of migrant workers from Tulancingo in New York City
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# The Acoustic Album (Toyah Willcox album)
***The Acoustic Album*** is a studio album by the British singer Toyah Willcox, released in 1996. It is a collection of acoustic re-recordings of songs from her back catalogue.
## Background
The material was recorded in 1994 and consisted of new, stripped-down versions of classic hits as well as lesser-known, non-single tracks from the Toyah band and Willcox\'s solo repertoire. Some tracks feature string arrangements performed by members of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. The material was originally conceived as part of a double album *Toyah Classics* which would have also comprised its \'electric\' accompaniment *Looking Back*, slated for release in March 1995. The two sets would eventually be released individually as separate albums. In 2014, *The Acoustic Album* was re-released by Vertical Species in digital and CD formats, with a new artwork by Alan Sawyers and photography by Dean Stockings.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"The Vow\" (Toyah Willcox, Joel Bogen, Phil Spalding) -- 3:19
2. \"Moonlight Dancing\" (Willcox, Bogen, Nick Graham) -- 4:03
3. \"Revive the World\" (Willcox, Tony Geballe) -- 3:13
4. \"I Want to Be Free\" (Willcox, Bogen) -- 3:02
5. \"It\'s a Mystery\" (Piano Version) (Keith Hale) -- 4:05
6. \"Danced\" (Willcox, Bogen, Peter Bush) -- 4:44
7. \"Good Morning Universe\" (Willcox, Bogen) -- 3:24
8. \"Blue Meanings\" (Willcox, Bogen, Bush) -- 5:20
9. \"Jungles of Jupiter\" (Willcox, Bogen, Spalding) -- 4:55
10. \"It\'s a Mystery\" (Up Tempo) (Hale) -- 3:56
11. \"Ieya\" (Willcox, Bogen, Bush) -- 4:35
12. \"Angels and Demons\" (Willcox, Hale) -- 6:07
13. \"I Am\" (Willcox, Bogen) -- 2:53
14. \"Thunder in the Mountains\" (Willcox, Adrian Lee, Nigel Glockler) -- 4:02
15
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# Stanley Tobin
**Stanley Gilbert Tobin** (January 19, 1871 - June 12, 1948) was a farmer, businessman, teacher and political figure in Alberta, Canada. Tobin served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta and a Member of the House of Commons of Canada.
Born in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, Tobin ran in the Leduc provincial electoral district in the 1913 Alberta general election. He was elected in a hotly contested election by just over 100 votes against Conservative George Curry.
He would see re-election in 1917 and in 1921. His plurality in the 1921 election was just 10 votes.
Stanley vacated his provincial seat in 1925 to run in the 1925 Canadian federal election in the Wetaskiwin Federal electoral district. He won election as a member of the Liberal Party of Canada. In that election he defeated incumbent Progressive incumbent Daniel Webster Warner.
He only served in office for one year and was defeated in the 1926 Canadian Federal Election by William Irvine
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# Arsay
**Arsay** (Ugaritic: *'arṣy*) was a goddess worshiped in the city of Ugarit in the late Bronze Age. Her standing in the Ugaritic pantheon and her role in Ugaritic religion remain uncertain. It has been proposed that she was associated with the underworld or with groundwater, though neither theory found universal support. She was most likely regarded as a daughter of the weather god Baal, though neither of the goddesses most often associated with him, Anat and Ashtart, was ever described as her mother. In a single passage from the Baal Cycle she appears alongside Pidray and Tallay, and as a result these three goddesses are often grouped in scholarship, but there is no evidence that they were associated with her in other contexts.
## Character
Arsay\'s name was derived from the Ugaritic word *'arṣ*, which can be translated as \"earth\" or \"underworld.\" The final sign, *y*, is a common suffix of feminine names. The name is typically translated as \"Earthy.\"
Her epithet *bt y y'bdr* is usually translated as \"daughter of *y'bdr*,\" but Aicha Rahmouni proposes that the translation \"disperser of *y'bdr*\" might also be a plausible option. It occurs twelve times in known Ugaritic texts. The meaning of the term *y'bdr* is unknown. It has been suggested that it might be the name of an otherwise unknown deity, or possibly a particular attribute of Arsay. Past proposals include a euphemism for the underworld, \"wide earth\" (based on Arabic *wa'iba*, \"was spacious\"), \"ample flowing\" (based on Arabic *wa'ībun*, \"ample,\" and Akkadian *nadarruru*, \"to run its course freely\"), and \"rainshower\" (based on Arabic *'abba*, \"pour down,\" and Akkadian *darāru*, a verb referring to freely flowing water). All of these proposals found a degree of support in the field of Ugaritic studies, but Rahmouni remarks that the context does not give any clues about the meaning of *y'bdr*, and that many of the translations of it are most likely dubious.
It is often presumed that Arsay was a goddess associated with water. For example, Nicolas Wyatt places her in the category of deities \"governing meteorological phenomena and fertility\" alongside Baal (under various names), Pidray and Tallay. However, no direct references to Arsay being associated with any weather phenomena are presently known from Ugaritic texts. It has also proposed that she was associated with groundwater, though this assumption remains unproven.
On the basis of an indirect equation between Arsay and Allatu it has been proposed that she was associated with the underworld. However, some researchers, for example Manfred Krebernik, are skeptical about this assumption due to lack of other evidence pointing at such a connection. Steve A. Wiggins proposes that the equivalence might have been based on some other shared feature of both goddesses.
## Associations with other deities {#associations_with_other_deities}
Arsay was most likely a daughter of the weather god Baal. Like Pidray and Tallay, two other goddesses regarded as his daughters, she is referred to as one of the *klt knyt*, a term usually translated as \"perfect brides.\" It is sometimes assumed that it designates the three goddesses as Baal\'s wives, but this conclusion is not universally accepted. Steve A. Wiggins points out that the term is not accompanied by a possessive pronominal suffix and that in at least one other Ugaritic text Pidray is described as unmarried. On this basis he argues that it is implausible that Arsay and the other two goddesses were regarded as Baal\'s spouses. Similarly, Daniel Schwemer finds the evidence for the supposed marital status of Arsay and her sisters unconvincing. He concludes that in the light of available evidence from Ugarit Baal \"did not have a wife in any real sense.\" He was associated with Anat and Ashtart, but it is agreed neither of these goddesses were regarded as the mother of Arsay and her sisters.
In a list of deities written in the Ugaritic alphabetic script Arsay appears between Shapash (the sun goddess) and Išḫara (a goddess with underworld connections). In the equivalent of this text written in standard syllabic cuneiform she is replaced by Allatu, a variant spelling of the name of the Hurrian goddess of the underworld, Allani, who corresponded to Mesopotamian Ereshkigal. Allani herself was also worshiped in Ugarit.
## In Ugaritic texts {#in_ugaritic_texts}
In the Baal Cycle, Arsay appears as one of the three goddesses presumed to be daughters of Baal, the other two being Pidray and Tallay. They are mentioned when Baal laments that he and his daughters have no place to live. While in other passages Pidray and Tallay continue to be referenced together, she makes no further appearances in this composition. It is possible that their grouping in this single fragment relies on their shared status as Baal\'s unmarried daughters (who according to Ugaritic custom would be expected to live in their father\'s house), rather than on their similar character, which might indicate that contrary to a common assumption in scholarship they did not form a triad and might have had independent roles in Ugaritic religion. Furthermore, while the grouping of Arsay, Pidray and Tallay is treated as conventional, if all Ugaritic texts are taken into consideration Baal apparently was believed to have more than three daughters, with some researchers accepting the existence of as many as six deities designated as such. Two of the daughters absent from the Baal cycle, *uzr't* and *bt 'lh*, in one case seemingly appear alongside Tallay.
Arsay is also attested in offering lists. In one such text, she receives a ram after Shapash and before Ashtart. In another, she is the recipient of two ewes and a cow. Gregorio del Olmo Lete argues that this text deals with offerings to deities of the underworld
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# German Formula Three Championship
The **German Formula Three Championship** was the national Formula Three championship of Germany, and the former West Germany, from 1950 to 2002, then as Formel 3 until 2014. In 2003, the series merged with the French Formula Three Championship to form the Formula 3 Euro Series. The lower-level series, the **ATS Formel 3 Cup**, subsequently operated in Germany, but it folded after the end of the 2014 season. Since the late 1980s, the list of German F3 champions has included many notable drivers, including Formula One World Champion Michael Schumacher and nine-time Le Mans winner Tom Kristensen.
## History
### 1950--1956
The first few years of Formula Three in Germany were inevitably subject to the effects of the country\'s post-war geo-political situation, which resulted in the existence of two separate championships. The West German championship ran from 1950 to 1954, while the East German equivalent continued until 1956. During this period, both championships used the then-standard 500cc two-stroke formula. This era was notable for BMW\'s first foray into open-wheeled racing as an engine supplier, having enjoyed success in pre-war motorcycle racing and touring cars.
### 1960--1963 {#section_1}
The 500cc Formula 3 specification was superseded in 1958 by Formula Junior, with engine capacities of 1000cc (360kg chassis) or 1100cc (400kg chassis) that were derived from production cars, rather than motorcycles. This new specification was adopted in a revived German F3 Championship in 1960, which was won by Gerhard Mitter. The 1961 title was won by Kurt Ahrens Jr., who became champion again in 1963. He was effectively a back-to-back winner, because there was no championship in 1962.
### 1975--2002 {#section_2}
In 1964, the Fédération Internationale de l\'Automobile (FIA) ended Formula Junior and returned to Formula Three, but this time with 1000cc four-cylinder production-based engines. However, it would be ten years before Formula Three was revived in Germany. The first German F3 champion of this era was Ernst Maring, who won the title in 1975. He was also the first non-German driver to win the title. Other notable drivers of this era were two-time champions Bertram Schäfer (1976 and 1978) and Frank Jelinski (1980--81). Schäfer drove for his eponymous team, Bertram Schäfer Racing, which also won the championship with Jelinski. BSR became a stalwart of German F3, winning a total of eight drivers\' titles. It still competes in the series today.
In the 1980s, the German F3 Championship began to produce some notable champions that would later graduate to Formula One and achieve title-winning success in other championships. Bernd Schneider (1987) and Joachim Winkelhock (1988) went on to make F1 appearances and became champions at the highest levels of touring car racing. 1985 champion Volker Weidler also competed in F1 and won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1991.
However, the 1990 champion was arguably the most notable of them all: Michael Schumacher. Four years before winning the first of his seven F1 World Championship titles, Schumacher had already attracted attention with his performances in F3 and the World Sportscar Championship at a time when the profile of German F3 was rising, and within a year, he had already made his Grand Prix début. Heinz-Harald Frentzen competed against Schumacher (sharing the runner-up position in 1989), and later became a winner of three Grands Prix.
Schumacher\'s championship successor, Tom Kristensen from Denmark, embarked on a sportscar career that peaked with a record number of eight Le Mans wins. He has since established himself in the DTM touring car series.
During the 1990s, two more future Grand Prix winners graduated from the German F3 Championship -- Ralf Schumacher and Jarno Trulli -- together with many other notable drivers that include Alexander Wurz, Jos Verstappen, Norberto Fontana, Nick Heidfeld and Christijan Albers. The last champion of this period, Gary Paffett, went on to win the DTM drivers\' championship title and worked as a test driver for McLaren-Mercedes. In 2007, he returned to racing in the DTM.
### 2003 onwards
In 2002, the motorsport governing bodies of France and Germany collaborated to revive the concept of a European F3 championship. The F3 Euroseries was supposed to replace the German and French national championships -- indeed, the French championship came to an end at that point. However, the German championship had more entrants, many of whom had concerns about the inevitable cost increase that a pan-European event calendar would entail. Bertram Schäfer led moves to maintain some form of national F3 series in Germany, and had support from ADAC and the F3V (Germany\'s national F3 association). In 2003, the new series was inaugurated, with Schäfer himself functioning as the series promoter. The **Recaro Formel 3 Cup** had title sponsorship from Recaro, a racing parts company based in Germany. It was replaced in 2007 by wheel manufacturer ATS.
In 2005, a two-tier championship class system was adopted for chassis specifications from the previous three-year lifecycle. This system was adopted by the British F3 Championship in the 1990s and has since gained favour in many other F3 championships throughout Europe. It can provide an important entry point for drivers and teams without a competitive budget.
After a 2014 season in which grid numbers ranged between nine and 14 cars, the series\' organisers rejected a proposed merger with the British Formula 3 Championship with the intention of continuing the F3 Cup in 2015 under the name **German Formula Open** in order to circumvent FIA rules on national F3 championships which stipulate that they can hold no more than one round outside their home country (the organisers were planning to hold races at three meetings abroad as part of the support package for the ADAC GT Masters championship). However, in January 2015 it was announced that the series would not be held in 2015, although it was hoped that it could be revived in the near future.
## Champions
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# German Formula Three Championship
## Chassis and engines {#chassis_and_engines}
Despite the fact that F3 is still an open formula for which any chassis builder or engine tuner can supply a product provided that it meets the technical regulations, most championships have just one de facto choice of chassis supplier -- usually Dallara -- and two or three popular engine suppliers -- usually Mugen-Honda, Mercedes-Benz, Spiess-Opel, or TOM\'s-Toyota.
The Formel 3 Cup has bucked this trend to become one of the most eclectic F3 championships in the world, with some of the variety that F3 enjoyed in the 1970s. In addition to the ubiquitous Dallaras, the Lola *B06/30* and the *SLC R1* from Signature have established a foothold. The SLC, which was the Signature team\'s first foray into chassis construction, had previously competed in the F3 Euroseries in 2005, but Signature chose not to continue using it. The Lola, which was developed after the British company\'s collaboration with Dome came to an end, has otherwise had only limited use in British F3 during 2006. Swiss Racing Team had provisionally lodged two entries for a pair of Mygale M06/F3 chassis in addition to a single Dallara entry. Before the start of the season, however, it had changed its line-up to four Dallaras, one of which was later replaced during the season with an SLC R1. During the 2006 season, a fourth chassis joined the series on an experimental basis. The Ligier JS47, which was built by Martini after Guy Ligier acquired the company in 2005, was used in selected rounds by Nico Hülkenberg, driving for Josef Kaufmann Racing.
The engine supply market in the Formel 3 Cup is just as open. The H.W.A.-Mercedes and Spiess-Opel are the most popular, but some teams use the Mugen-Honda, TOM\'s-Toyota and even the older Sodemo-Renault. This is in stark contrast to the Euroseries, in which Mercedes powered all bar five of the 2006 entrants. However, the 2007 Formel 3 Cup season is likely to see a different pattern emerge, with the introduction of a new \"Challenge\" engine, which is expected to be chosen by a number of teams in both the Championship class and the Trophy class. It is being built by Spiess and is based on the company\'s Opel engine, but with some technical changes to lengthen the service interval and reduce running costs.
### Specifications
- **Engine**: piston engines, maximum four cylinders, 26mm-diameter air restrictor
- **Capacity**: maximum 2,000cc
- **Tyres**: Yokohama, dimensions: 200/50VR13 front, 240/45VR13 rear
- **Tyre limitation**: 2 sets of slicks per weekend, unlimited number of wet-weather tyres
- **Restriction**: thermal, chemical or mechanical treatments are prohibited
- **Wheels**:ATS alloy wheel front 9x13, rear 10.5x13
- **Minimum weight**: 550 kg, car including all fluids and the driver
- **Fuel**: Control fuel, unleaded Shell Super plus
- **Restriction**: no refuelling during practice, qualifying and race
- **Monocoque**: Carbon fibre sandwich design, two roll-over structures, stepped underbody
- **Restriction**: Monocoque must not be changed during an event
- **Telemetry**: Prohibited
- **Data recording**: Allowed
- **ABS**: Prohibited
- **Gearbox**: Maximum 6-speed gearbox, sequential
- **Catalyst**: Silencer and catalyst
Source: [1](http://formel3.de/technik-technisches-reglement
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# Drosera banksii
***Drosera banksii***, commonly known as **Banks\' sundew**, is a small annual species in the carnivorous plant genus *Drosera*. The reniform-shaped leaves are attached to petioles and arranged in a circular pattern (rosette) around the stem. The 5 mm wide flowers are white. It is native to northern Australia (Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia) and Southeast Asia (Papua New Guinea and Western New Guinea). *D. banksii* was originally described by Robert Brown and validly published by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1824
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# Georges Carnus
**Georges Carnus** (born 13 August 1940) is a French former professional footballer who played as goalkeeper. At international level, he made 36 appearances for the France national team.
## Career
Carnus was part of the France national team\'s squad for the 1966 FIFA World Cup in England where he remained Marcel Aubour\'s substitute. He later signed with AS Saint-Étienne, winning his first titles. His successes with *les Verts* and his talent as a goalkeeper allowed him to take Aubour\'s titular spot in France\'s goal after the 1966 World Cup.In 1971, he surprisingly left Saint-Étienne, along with teammate Bernard Bosquier for Olympique de Marseille.Their combination in *l\'OM*\'s defense was full of success, and Marseille won French Division 1 and Coupe de France in 1972
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# Bahta Hagos
**Bahta Hagos** (Ge\'ez: ባህታ ሓጎስ; died December 19, 1894), was Dejazmach of Akkele Guzay, and retrospectively considered an important leader of Eritrean resistance to foreign domination, and led a rebellion against the Italians at the Battle of Halai.
## Early career {#early_career}
He was born sometime between 1839 and 1850 into a rich peasant family in the town of Segheneyti, Akele Guzay. Bhata\'s parents, Hagos Andu and Weizro Wonau, were cattle farmers who owned land around the eastern escarpments of Akele Guzai. Like the majority of people around Segheneyti, Bahta was converted to Catholicism by the French missionary Giustino de Jacobis in the 1870s.
Bahta originally gained recognition in 1875 when he killed Embaye Araya son of Rasi Araya, the Governor of Tigray, in a skirmish precipitated by raiding of the area. Bahta and his brothers then became shiftas and made their base at Agameda in the Saho lowlands where they raided the caravans of Ras Alula. Despite the best efforts of Ras Alula\'s lieutenant Balatta Gabru, Bahta evaded capture and later in 1880, allied himself with the Egyptian garrison at Sanhit (latter Keren). In 1885, as an Italian colonial presence replaced the defeated Egyptians, and their control of Massawa, Bahta moved to ally himself with them and their provincial governor Oreste Baratieri. He was appointed *capo di banda* and granted the title of Dejazmatch. Bahta Hagos settled in his former camp of Agameda and fought against the raids of *Fitawrari* Dabbab Araya. Due to his Catholic faith---having been converted by Giustino de Jacobis in the late 1870s---and his record of service, Bahta Hagos was regarded by the Italians as one of their most loyal chiefs in Eritrea. As a consequence, Bahta came to control Akkele Guzay, and by 1889 his own forces formed an important flank in the Italian moves to create the Colony of Eritrea.
However Bahta became increasingly frustrated with the conduct of the Italian Colonial Government and their soldiers, particularly the expropriation of land from the clergy. He understood that Menelik was consolidating his power to the south with plans to displace the Italians. In June 1894, he, along with Ras Mengesha Yohannes and Ras Alula traveled to Addis Ababa to seek forgiveness from the Negus for their dealings with Baratieri. Menelik forgave them and offered Mengesha the crown of Tigray in exchange for his loyalty and help in evicting the Italians. The Tigrian leaders plotted against Baratieri while maintaining a guise of friendship with him. Bahta even led an army into the western province of Shiray on the pretext of fighting the Mahdists, but instead subjugated Kitet and started recruiting an even larger army.
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# Bahta Hagos
## Rebellion against the Italians {#rebellion_against_the_italians}
In December 1894, Bahta unilaterally led his force of 1,600 men in direct revolt against the Italians, although he claimed support of Mengesha. He captured the Italian administrator at Segheneyti, which was then the capital of the province, and declared an independent Akkele Guzay. He proclaimed himself \"An avenger of rights trampled on by the Italians\". and also said \"the Italians curse us, seize our land; I want to free you\... let us drive the Italians out and be our own masters.\" On the 15th, the telegraph wires were cut from Segheneyti to Asmara, which the Italians had occupied since 1889, in order to give himself time to mobilize the population and bring Mengesha into the conflict. Baratieri immediately suspected Mengesha and ordered Major Toselli and his battalion to move on Segheneyti.
Upon arrival, the Major entered negotiations with Bahta, who stalled him with excuses and promises of loyalty. The Italian reinforcements started to arrive and by the evening of the 17th Toselli had 1500 men and two artillery pieces. He went to move against Bahta the following morning, but found him gone. Bahta had secretly abandoned Segheneyti in the night and had moved his force north against the Italian garrison of 220 men at the small fort of Halay, commanded by Captain Castellazzi. Toselli correctly guessed this was Bahta\'s plan, and marched his men towards Halay.
Bahta called for Castellazzi to surrender and abandon the fort. Negotiations continued until 13:30, when Bahta\'s patience came to an end and the attack was ordered. Low on ammunition, the Italians held out until 16:45, when the situation became critical. Toselli\'s forces arrived at that moment, and launched an attack on Bahta\'s rear. Bahta was killed in the attack, and his forces fled, many joining Mengesha. Mengesha\'s army would lose at the Battle of Coatit, but Menelik would soon commit his forces, and destroy the Italians at the Battle of Adwa, ending their colonial hopes for Ethiopia.
## Burial
Because of his influence, after his death his burial was banned by the Italian colonial government. They feared that his memorial would be nexus for further rebellion. His body was secretly buried at Halay, and later moved to Segheneyti in 1953. In 2007 he was interred once more in a newly constructed memorial with an honor guard in memory of his struggle
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# Joseíto
**José Iglesias Fernández** (23 December 1926 -- 12 July 2007), nicknamed **Joseíto**, was a Spanish football outside right and manager.
He amassed La Liga totals of 134 games and 54 goals over the course of nine seasons, namely in representation of Real Madrid, with which he appeared in 177 official matches and scored 77 goals, winning ten major titles.
## Club career {#club_career}
Born in Zamora, Castile and León, Joseíto played for several clubs before arriving at Real Santander SD in 1949, including local CA Zamora. In his first season, he helped the Cantabrians promote to La Liga.
In the 1951 summer Joseíto moved to Real Madrid (two years before another player that would represent both clubs, Francisco Gento), going on to remain at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium for the following eight years whilst appearing in nearly 200 official games. From 1955 to 1959 he won four consecutive European Cups, contributing with 11 matches and six goals in the process; however, after the arrival of Raymond Kopa, he began featuring less regularly.
Joseíto retired in 1961 at the age of nearly 35, after one-year spells in the second division with Levante UD and Rayo Vallecano. In the following decades he managed a host of clubs in all three major levels of Spanish football, being in charge of Valencia CF and Granada CF (two spells) in the top level.
## International career {#international_career}
Joseíto gained his first and only cap for Spain on 28 December 1952, a 2--2 friendly draw with West Germany played in Madrid.
## Honours
Valladolid
- Tercera División: 1945--46, 1946--47
Salamanca
- Tercera División: 1947--48
Racing Santander
- Segunda División: 1949--50
Real Madrid
- La Liga: 1953--54, 1954--55, 1956--57, 1957--58
- European Cup: 1955--56, 1956--57, 1957--58, 1958--59
- Latin Cup: 1955, 1957
## Death
Joseíto died in Granada, Andalusia on 12 July 2007, after suffering the second stroke in six years. He was 80 years old
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9,996,136 |
# Plasmodium cercopitheci
***Plasmodium cercopitheci*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium* (subgenus *Vinckeia*) which infects the monkey *Cercopithecis nictitans*. The insect host of *P. cercopitheci* is unknown.
## Taxonomy
The parasite was first described by Thieler in 1930.
## Hosts
The only known host for this species is the monkey *Cercopithecis nictitans*
| 53 |
Plasmodium cercopitheci
| 0 |
9,996,142 |
# Slow Death EP
***Slow Death***, an EP, is the debut release by Swedish rockers The Leather Nun.
## History
Singer Jonas Almquist landed a recording contract for a single with Industrial Records. He recorded \"Death Threats\" at Bagger Studio engineered by Magnus Bagger on December 14, 1978. In order to record a b-side he formed The Leather Nun in Gothenburgh, Sweden, in February 1979.
The band was road-tested during a festival in March 1979 and then recorded \"No Rule\", \"Ensam I Natt\" and \"Slow Death\" at Chall Sound Studio on May 25, 1979, engineered by Challe Åström to choose from for the b-side.
Industrial Records could not decide and the single ended up a 7-inch EP and was released in November 1979. In the same year \"Slow Death\" hit No. 1 in Germany\'s Musik Express Alternative Charts.
The cover art by Peter Christopherson shows the corpse of Roberto Crescenzio, who was killed in a 1977 firebombing.
Compared to the group\'s later recordings the songs are heavily industrial and abrasive.
When re-released as LP in August 1986 a long live version of \"Slow Death\", recorded live at the Scala Cinema in London on February 29, 1980, was added as new b-side. The live version featured Genesis P-Orridge on violin and Monte Cazazza on synthesizer, and had been previously released on the Live at Scala cassette by Industrial Records. The songs from the original EP filled now the a-side, but \"Ensam I Natt\" was exchanged with a different version, previously released in July 1984 on Criminal Damage Records.
The cover art was changed to show a pattern of skulls resembling the shape of the African continent.
The record has not been re-released as CD.
## Track listing (original release) {#track_listing_original_release}
All compositions and arrangements by The Leather Nun.
1. \"No Rule\" -- 2:50
2. \"Death Threats\" -- 3:38
3. \"Slow Death\" -- 5:33
4. \"Ensam I Natt\" -- 0:13
## Track listing (re-release) {#track_listing_re_release}
All compositions and arrangements by The Leather Nun.
1. \"No Rule\"
2. \"Slow Death\"
3. \"Ensam I Natt\" full version
4. \"Death Threats\"
5
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| 0 |
9,996,154 |
# Asira
**Asira** was a local god worshipped in pre-Islamic northern Arabia. He was revered at Taima and was strongly influenced by Egyptian culture. **Asira** was mentioned only in name by the Babylonian king Nabonidus
| 35 |
Asira
| 0 |
9,996,159 |
# Rory Gallagher (album)
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{{album chart|Flanders|70|artist=Rory Gallagher|album=Rory Gallagher|rowheader=true|access-date=12 September 2021}}
^
``
| 23 |
Rory Gallagher (album)
| 0 |
9,996,166 |
# Plasmodium japonicum
***Plasmodium japonicum*** is a parasite of the genus *Plasmodium*.
Like all *Plasmodium* species *P. japonicum* has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.
## Description
The parasite was first described by Ishiguro in 1957
| 43 |
Plasmodium japonicum
| 0 |
9,996,175 |
# Rafael Lesmes
**Rafael Lesmes Bobed** (9 November 1926 -- 8 October 2012) was a Spanish footballer who played as a defender.
## Club career {#club_career}
Lesmes was born in Ceuta. Over 12 La Liga seasons, he played for Real Valladolid (two spells) and Real Madrid, appearing in 263 games in the competition. He began his career with local Atlético Tetuán, and retired in 1962 at the age of 35.
With Real Madrid, Lesmes was part of the team that won five consecutive European Cups. Subsequently, he worked with the club as a scout.
## International career {#international_career}
Lesmes was selected for Spain\'s 1950 FIFA World Cup squad as an uncapped member. He would have to wait nearly five years to make his debut, however, appearing in a 2--1 friendly loss to France on 17 March 1955, in Madrid.
Lesmes\' second and last international was a 6--2 win against Northern Ireland on 15 October 1958, in another exhibition game.
## Personal life and death {#personal_life_and_death}
Lesmes\' older brother, Francisco, was also a footballer and a defender. Often referred to as *Lesmes I* as he shared teams with his sibling for four seasons, he spent his entire professional career with Valladolid, also being a Spanish international.
Rafael died in Valladolid on 8 October 2012, one month shy of his 86th birthday
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9,996,178 |
# Rehman Rahi
**Abdur Rehman Rahi** (*رَحمان راہی*; 6 May 1925 -- 9 January 2023) was an Kashmiri poet, translator and critic. He was awarded the Indian Sahitya Akademi Award in 1961 for his poetry collection *Nawroz-i-Saba*, the Padma Shri in 2000, and India\'s highest literary award, the Jnanpith Award (for the year 2004) in 2007. He is the first Kashmiri writer to be awarded the Jnanpith, India\'s highest literary award for his poetic collection Siyah Rood Jaeren Manz (In Black Drizzle). He was honoured with Sahitya Akademi Fellowship in 2000 by Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born in 1925, Rehman Rahi began his career as a clerk in the Public Works Department of the Government for few months in 1948 and was associated with the Progressive Writers\' Association, of which he became the General Secretary. He also edited a few issues of *Kwang Posh*, the literary journal of the Progressive Writer\'s Association. He was later a sub-editor in the Urdu daily *Khidmat*. He did an M.A. in Persian (1952) and in English (1962) from Jammu and Kashmir University where he taught Persian. He was on the editorial board of the Urdu daily *Aajkal* in Delhi from 1953 to 1955. He was also associated with the Cultural wing of the communist Party of Kashmir during his student days. As translator he did translation of Baba Farid\'s Sufi poetry to Kashmiri from the original Punjabi. Camus and Sartre are some visible effects on his poems while Dina Nath Naadim\'s influence on his poetry is also visible especially in earlier works.
Rahi died on 9 January 2023, at the age of 97
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9,996,193 |
# Aspalis
thumb\|upright=1.1\|Head of statue of Artemis Aspalis from the sanctuary of Artemis Melitaea, Archaeological Museum of Lamia, Greece.
In Greek mythology, **Aspalis** (Ancient Greek: *Ἁσπαλίς*) was a local heroine from Melite in Phthia whose story was apparently meant to provide an etiology for the local surname and cult of Artemis. As in certain Artemis mythology, she hanged herself and her body disappeared.
## Mythology
The exact story of Aspalis, known from Antoninus Liberalis, is as follows. Melite was once ruled by a tyrant so cruel that the citizens dared not pronounce his real name, dubbing him Tartarus. He would order for the most beautiful girls to be brought to him and made them his concubines against their will. When he sent for Aspalis, daughter of Argaeus, the girl hanged herself rather than be violated. Her brother Astygites swore to avenge her death before her body would be taken out of the noose. He put on his sister\'s clothes, hiding a sword underneath, and in this disguise got into the tyrant\'s palace and killed him. The citizens threw the tyrant\'s body into a river which from that circumstance became known as Tartarus, and crowned Astygites with a wreath to express gratitude to him. As they were going to give burial to Aspalis, they found that her body had disappeared, but a wooden statue of Artemis was discovered on the spot (It is believed that Artemis turned her body into statue out of pity). It became a cult object, and was referred to as \"Aspalis Ameilete Hekaerge\"; а young she-goat was sacrificed to the goddess every year via being hanged by the city maidens, this being a ritual imitation of Aspalis\' suicide.
Aspalis was speculated to have originally been a western Semitic hunting goddess identified with Artemis
| 296 |
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| 0 |
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# Ángel Atienza
**Ángel Atienza Landeta** (16 March 1931 -- 23 August 2015) was a Spanish artist and footballer who played as a defender for Real Madrid, with whom he won the inaugural European Cup.
## Football career {#football_career}
Atienza was born in the Spanish capital of Madrid and retired from professional football on 1 July 1960. Over the course of his career, he played for Real Zaragoza and Real Madrid, winning La Liga and the European Cup thrice each for the latter. Already interested in art, he worked as an artist in the period between playing for Zaragoza and Madrid.
## Art career {#art_career}
During his football career, Atienza participated in group exhibitions and maintained ties with the artistic world in his spare time. In 1958, during a journey in Central Europe, he discovered coloured glass fitted in concrete as an artistic expression. Subsequently, he started to collaborate with other artists, retired from football, and began making mosaic murals and stained glass pieces. In 1964, he started to create ceramic murals. His first work was at the Carlton Rioja Hotel in Logroño. He moved to Venezuela in 1976 and began incorporating new materials in his mural work, such as iron, bronze, and aluminium. He participated directly in various architectural projects in order to obtain harmony between his works and their surroundings.`{{clarify|date=July 2012}}`{=mediawiki} In 2001, he returned to Spain, where he continued working on paintings and participating in exhibitions and showrooms.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
His older brother Adolfo Atienza was also a footballer, who played as a forward for Celta de Vigo, Real Madrid, Las Palmas, Real Jaén, and the Spanish national team. They played together for Madrid during the 1954--55 season
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# Velvet Lined Shell
***Velvet Lined Shell*** is a mini-album by the British singer Toyah Willcox, released in 2003 by her independent label Vertical Species.
## Background
This release consists of six tracks, recorded in Toyah\'s hometown of Birmingham. Three of the musicians on this album, Anthony Bishop, Tim Elsenburg and Alistair Hamer, are members of the experimental rock band Sweet Billy Pilgrim. The material has a deliberately raw feel to it, and what Willcox described as a \"darker direction\". The singer named the likes of Nick Cave, Garbage, Mogwai and Marilyn Manson amongst her newer influences. Three tracks on this album had first appeared on the 2002 EP *Little Tears of Love*, which was sold exclusively via Willcox\'s website, and strictly limited to 1000 signed copies. One track from that EP, the Tim Elsenburg composition \"Experience\", does not feature on this album.
*Velvet Lined Shell* was included in the *Toyah Solo* CD box set in February 2020. The following month, it was reissued on purple 10\" vinyl.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All tracks written by Toyah Willcox and Tim Elsenburg.
1. \"Every Scar Has a Silver Lining\" -- 3:25
2. \"Velvet Lined Shell\" -- 4:14
3. \"Little Tears of Love\" -- 3:23
4. \"You\'re a Miracle\" -- 3:00
5. \"Mother\" -- 4:20
6
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Velvet Lined Shell
| 0 |
9,996,214 |
# Borden Institute
The **Borden Institute** is a U.S. Army "Center of Excellence in Military Medical Research and Education".
In 1987, U.S. Army Colonel Russ Zajtchuk conceived the idea for a "Center of Excellence in Military Medical Research and Education," under the Army\'s Office of The Surgeon General (OTSG). The center was soon made a reality, largely through the efforts of Zajtchuk, Dr. Don Jenkins, and Colonel Ron Bellamy. In 1992, to honor Lieutenant Colonel William Cline Borden (Major Walter Reed's personal physician and conceiver of the original Walter Reed General Hospital) the center's name was changed to Borden Institute. The institute was located at Delano Hall on the campus of Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC), in Washington, D.C. After WRAMC\'s closure, the institute moved to Fort Sam Houston.
To date, the Borden Institute has published nearly 20 volumes of the *Textbook of Military Medicine* (TMM) series. These comprehensive reference books on the art and science of military medicine are extensively illustrated and written in an easy-to-follow narrative. The TMM series is designed to illustrate how military medicine has built on the lessons learned in past wars, and to lay out the scientific basis on which the practice of military medicine is grounded. On June 3, 2019, Borden Institute released "Military Veterinary Services" as a part of the Textbooks of Military Medicine series
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