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# Boris discography
The following is the discography of the Japanese experimental band Boris.
## Studio albums {#studio_albums}
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions |
+============================================+============================================================+======================+
| US\ | US\ | US\ |
| Hard\ | Heat.\ | Ind.\ |
| Rock\ | | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Absolutego* | - Released: 1996 | --- |
| | - Label: Fangs Anal Satan | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Amplifier Worship* | - Released: 26 November 1998 | --- |
| | - Label: Mangrove | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Flood* | - Released: 15 December 2000 | --- |
| | - Label: MIDI Creative | |
| | - Format: CD, LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Heavy Rocks* | - Released: 26 April 2002 | --- |
| | - Label: Quattro / UK Discs | |
| | - Format: CD, LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Akuma no Uta* | - Released: 6 June 2003 | --- |
| | - Label: Diwphalanx | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP, digital download | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Boris at Last -Feedbacker-* | - Released: 25 December 2003 | --- |
| | - Label: Diwphalanx, Conspiracy Records | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP, digital download | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *The Thing Which Solomon Overlooked* | - Released: August 2004 | --- |
| | - Label: Kult of Nihilow | |
| | - Format: LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Dronevil* | - Released: 28 February 2005 | --- |
| | - Label: Misanthropic Agenda | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Soundtrack from the Film Mabuta no Ura* | - Released: 29 June 2005 | --- |
| | - Label: Inoxia Records, Catune Records, Essence Records | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Pink* | - Released: 18 November 2005 | --- |
| | - Label: Diwphalanx Records | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP, digital download | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *The Thing Which Solomon Overlooked 2* | - Released: 9 April 2006 | --- |
| | - Label: Conspiracy Records | |
| | - Format: LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *The Thing Which Solomon Overlooked 3* | - Released: 9 April 2006 | --- |
| | - Label: Conspiracy Records | |
| | - Format: LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Vein* | - Released: 3 October 2006 | --- |
| | - Label: Important Records | |
| | - Format: LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Smile* | - Released: 7 March 2008 | --- |
| | - Label: Diwphalanx Records | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP, digital download | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *New Album* | - Released: 16 March 2011 | --- |
| | - Label: Tearbridge, Daymare Records, Sargent House | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP, digital download | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Heavy Rocks* | - Released: 24 May 2011 | 25 |
| | - Label: Sargent House | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Attention Please* | - Released: 24 May 2011 | --- |
| | - Label: Sargent House | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Präparat* | - Released: 6 March 2013 | --- |
| | - Label: Daymare Recordings | |
| | - Format: LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Noise* | - Released: 17 June 2014 | 16 |
| | - Label: Sargent House, Daymare Recordings | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP, digital download | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *The Thing Which Solomon Overlooked Extra* | - Released: 15 September 2014 | --- |
| | - Label: Taiga Records | |
| | - Format: LP | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Urban Dance* | - Released: 2 May 2015 | --- |
| | - Label: Fangs Anal Satan, New Noise Literacy | |
| | - Format: CD | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Warpath* | - Released: 2 May 2015 | --- |
| | - Label: Fangs Anal Satan, New Noise Literacy | |
| | - Format: CD | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Asia* | - Released: 2 May 2015 | --- |
| | - Label: Fangs Anal Satan, New Noise Literacy | |
| | - Format: CD | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Dear* | - Released: 14 July 2017 | --- |
| | - Label: Sargent House, Daymare Recordings | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP, digital download | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *LφVE & EVφL* | - Released: 4 October 2019 | --- |
| | - Label: Third Man Records | |
| | - Formats: CD, LP, digital download | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *NO* | - Released: 3 July 2020 | --- |
| | - Label: Fangs Anal Satan | |
| | - Format: CD, LP, digital download | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *W* | - Released: 21 January 2022 | --- |
| | - Label: Sacred Bones Records | |
| | - Format: CD, LP, digital download | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Heavy Rocks* | - Released: 12 August 2022 | --- |
| | - Label: Relapse Records | |
| | - Format: CD, LP, digital download | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Fade* | - Released: 2 December 2022 | --- |
| | - Label: Fangs Anal Satan | |
| | - Format: 2xLP, digital download | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| \"---\" denotes items which did not chart. | | |
+--------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+
: List of studio albums, with selected chart positions
## Live albums {#live_albums}
- *Boris Archive* 3CD (2005 aRCHIVE)
- *Smile: Live at Wolf Creek* 2CD (2008 Diwphalanx Records)
- *Smile: Live in Prague* 2LP (2009 Conspiracy Records†)
- *Boris / Variations + Live in Japan* CD + DVD (2010 Daymare Recordings / DIWPHALANX)
- *Archive II* (2014 Daymare)
- *Crossing Waltz* (2016 FangsAnalSatan)
- *eternity* (2018 FangsAnalSatan)
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# Boris discography
## EPs, singles and demos {#eps_singles_and_demos}
- \"Demo Vol. 1\" 2x Cassette (1993, FangsAnalSatan)
- \"Demo Vol. 3\" Cassette (1994, FangsAnalSatan)
- \"1970\" 7-inch (2002, Inoxia Records)
- \"A Bao A Qu\" 7-inch picture disc (2005, SuperFi Records)
- \"Statement\" 7-inch (2008, Southern Lord Records)
- \"Message\" 12-inch (2008, Diwphalanx Records)
- \"Japanese Heavy Rock Hits v1-4\" 7-inch (2009, Southern Lord Records)
- \"Black Original Remix\" 12-inch (2011, Catune)
- \"Looprider Remix\" 12-inch (2012, Catune)
- \"Cosmos\" 3x file (2012, Invada)
- *Mr. Shortkill* 12-inch (2016, Daymare Recordings)
- \"Phenomenons Drive\" 12-inch (2018, Hello From The Gutter)
- *Tears E.P.* CD (2019, Trash-Up!! Records)
- \"Boris\" 12-inch (2020, Fangs Anal Satan)
- \"Heavy Rocks\" 7-inch (2022, KiliKiliVilla)
- \"Pink\" 7-inch (2022, KiliKiliVilla)
- \"Smile\" 7-inch (2022, KiliKiliVilla)
- \"New Album\" 7-inch (2022, KiliKiliVilla)
- \"Kuruimizu\" 7-inch flexi (2022, Fangs Anal Satan / Wake Brewing)
- \"Noise\" 7-inch (2022, KiliKiliVilla)
- \"Dear\" 7-inch (2022, KiliKiliVilla)
- \"Christmas\" 7-inch + box (2022, KiliKiliVilla)
## Concert films/Music videos {#concert_filmsmusic_videos}
Music videos have been produced for several of Boris\' songs, usually by the Japanese production company Foodunited.
- \"Hama\"
- \"Kuruimizu\"
- \"Ibitsu\"
- \"Furi\"
- \"Korosu\"
- \"1970\"
- \"A Bao A Qu\"
- \"The Evil One Which Sobs (Remix)\"
- \"Pink\"
- \"Rainbow\"
- \"Statement\"
- \"My Neighbour Satan\"
- \"Hope/Riot Sugar\"
- \"The Power\"
- \"Absolutego\"
- \"Dōshitemo Anata o Yurusenai\"
- \"Love\"
- \"Shadow of Skull\"
- \"Anti-Gone\"
- \"鏡 (Zerkalo)\"
- \"Reincarnation Rose\"
- \"Drowning by Numbers\"
- \"Beyond Good & Evil\"
- \"She Is Burning\"
- \"My Name Is Blank\"
- \"prologue sansaro\"
- \"Nosferatou\"
## Collaborations
### Merzbow collaborations {#merzbow_collaborations}
Boris have a well-established history of collaboration with Japanoise artist Merzbow. Thus far, three of the collaborations with Merzbow have been full-length albums, one of them is a 12-inch EP, and the last two are live albums.
- *Megatone* CD (2002 Inoxia Records)
- *04092001* LP (2004 Inoxia Records)
- *Sun Baked Snow Cave* CD (2005 Hydra Head Records)
- *Walrus/Groon* 12-inch EP (2007 Hydra Head Records)
- *Rock Dream* 2CD/3LP (2007 Diwphalanx Records/Southern Lord Records)
- *Klatter* LP (2011 Daymare Records)
- *Gensho* CD/LP (2016 Relapse/Daymare)
- *2R0I2P0* CD/LP (2020 Relapse)
### Other collaborations {#other_collaborations}
- *Black: Implication Flooding* (with Keiji Haino) CD (1998 Inoxia Records)
- *Altar* (with Sunn O)))) CD/2CD/3LP (2006 Southern Lord Records/Inoxia Records/Daymare Records)
- *Rainbow* (with Michio Kurihara) CD (2006/2007 Pedal Records/Drag City)
- *Cloud Chamber* (with Michio Kurihara) CD (2008 Pedal Records)
- *BXI EP* (with Ian Astbury) CD/LP (2010 Southern Lord Records)
- *EROS* (with Endon) Cassette (2015 fangsanalsatan/New Noise Literacy)/LP (2016 Daymare Recordings)
- *Low End Meeting* (with GOTH-TRAD) CD/12\" (2015 fangsanalsatan)
- *Refrain* (with Z.O.A) CD/LP (2020 Fangs Anal Satan)
## Split recordings {#split_recordings}
- Boris/Barebones Split EP -- 10-inch/CD (1996, Piranha Records/Fangsanalsatan)
- *Boris/Tomsk 7 Split EP* -- 7-inch (1997, Bovine Records)
- *More Echoes, Touching Air Landscape* -- (with Choukoku no Niwa) CD (1999, Inoxia Records)
- *Boris/The Dudley Corporation Split EP* -- 7-inch (2003, Scientific Labs)
- *Long Hair and Tights* -- (with Doomriders) 2LP (2007, Daymare Recordings)
- *Damaged split EP + DVD* -- (with Stupid Babies Go Mad) 10-inch (2007, Diwphalanx Records)
- *She\'s So Heavy* -- Wata/Ai Aso split 7-inch (2007, Diwphalanx Records)
- *Chapter Ahead Being Fake* -- Torche/Boris split 10-inch/CD (2010/2009, Hydra Head/Daymare Recording)
- *Golden Dance Classics* -- 9dw/Boris split vinyl and CD (2009, Catune)
- *Boris/Saade* -- Boris/Saade split vinyl 12-inch (2011, KYEO)
- *Asobi Seksu x Boris* -- Asobi Seksu/Boris split vinyl 7-inch (2012, Sargent House)
- *Boris/Joe Volk* -- Boris/Joe Volk split vinyl 12-inch (2012, Invada)
- *Boris/Heap Split Single* -- 7-inch (2014, Baked Goods)
- *Rocky & The Sweden/Boris* - split EP (2022, Relapse Records)
- *Twins Of Evil* - Melvins & Boris split (2024, Amphetamine Reptile Records)
## Video releases {#video_releases}
- *Hama* VHS Promo (1998 Foodunited)
- *Live at Shimokitazawa Shelter* DVD (2003 Diwphalanx Records)
- *Bootleg -Feedbacker-* DVD (2005 Diwphalanx Records)
- *Heavy Metal Me* DVD (2005 Diwphalanx Records)
- *Live in Japan* DVD (2011 Southern Lord)
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# Boris discography
## Other releases {#other_releases}
- *Wizard\'s Convention: Japanese Heavy Rock Showcase* -- DVD (2005 Diwphalanx Records)
- *Buzz In A.V/Scion Remix* -- (promo with Todd Edward, Mixhell, Optimo, NosaijThing; 2009 A.V/Scion)
- *Statement Promo CD* -- promo (2008 Inoxia Records)
- *1985* -- compilation of studio outtakes from 2011 (2019 Fangs Anal Satan)
## Compilation appearances {#compilation_appearances}
### Exclusive songs {#exclusive_songs}
These songs are available only on the compilations.
- \"Water Porch\" on *Take Care of Scabbard Fish* CD (1994 Scabbard Fish)
: The above song was actually Boris\' recorded debut.
- \"Mosquito\" (studio version) on *Eat the Chaos* CD (1995 Thank You Record Co.)
- \"Vacuuum\" on *From Koenji to Eternity* CD (1996 Inoxia)
- \"Me and the Devil Blues\" on *Up Jumped the Devil: Tribute to Robert Johnson* CD (2000 P-Vine)
- \"Dronevil\" on *Mangrove2002* CD (2002 Mangrove)
- \"Froggie Bee Baa\" on *Merzbow: Frog Remixed & Revisited* 2CD (2003 Misanthropic Agenda)
- \"You Were Holding An Umbrella\" (live 10/16/07 at Echoplex, LA) on *Invocation of Sacred Resonance I* (2008 Southern Lord Records)
- \"Slither\" on *Doggy Style: The Dogs Tribute* 2xCD (2008 Future Now)
- \"Slither (Alternative Version)\" on *Doggy Style: The Dogs Tribute* 2xCD (2008 Future Now)
- \"Blood Swamp (Tloc Edit)\" on *Limits of Control \[SOUNDTRACK\]* CD (2009 Lakeshore Records)
- \"(Tloc Edit)\" on *Limits of Control \[SOUNDTRACK\]* CD (2009 Lakeshore Records)
- \"Sometimes\" on *Yellow Loveless* \[Tribute to My Bloody Valentine\] CD (2013 High Fader Records)
- \"Lithium\" (originally by Nirvana; tribute album *Whatever Nevermind*) (2015, Robotic Empire)
## Samplers
These are tracks taken from other Boris albums.
- \"Huge\" on *Let There Be Doom* CD (2003 Southern Lord Records) Originally from *Amplifier Worship*
- \"A Bao A Qu\" on *Darkness Hath No Boundaries* CD (2006 Southern Lord Records) Originally from *Mabuta no Ura*
- \"A Bao A Qu\" and \"Etna\" on *Darkness Knows No Boundaries* CD (2006 Southern Lord Records) Originally from *Mabuta no Ura* and *Altar* (with Sunn O)))) respectively
- \"The Sinking Belle (Blue Sheep)\" on *Mind The Gap Vol
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# Gerry Morrissey
**Gerry Anthony Morrissey** (born 12 April 1960) is an Irish-born British trade unionist and was the head of the BECTU sector of the Prospect union up until his retirement in 2018. He was succeeded by Philippa Childs.
Born in Tipperary, Ireland, Morrissey attended the local Christian Brothers school. He began his career as a catering buyer at the BBC, joining the Association of Broadcasting Staff in 1977. He became prominent in the union as it underwent a series of mergers to form the Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union (BECTU). In 1998, he became one of BECTU\'s two Assistant General Secretaries. In February 2007, he was elected General Secretary without opposition. He is married with two children. From 2011, Morrissey also served as the President of the Union Network International\'s Media and Entertainment International section.
Morrissey took BECTU into a merger with Prospect at the start of 2017, and became the first head of the new BECTU sector of Prospect
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# Antonio Segura
**Antonio Segura** (June 13, 1947 -- January 31, 2012) was a Spanish comics writer.
## Biography
Antonio Segura\'s earliest work appeared in the early 1980s after meeting the experienced artists José Ortiz, Luis Bermejo and Leopoldo Sanchez who were looking for a scriptwriter untainted by the industry. Taking this opportunity, he wrote a series for each of them *Hombre*, *Orka* and *Bogey*, respectively. With some effort, these became published, and joined in the wave of emerging Spanish adult comics that bloomed in the post-Franco era. *Hombre* began a successful run in the magazine *Cimoc*, and Segura started collaborating with Jordi Bernet, creating the amazone fantasy series *Sarvan*, also appearing in *Cimoc*.
In 1983, Segura and a collective of artists including Bernet, Ortiz, Sánchez and Manfred Sommer, made an attempt to establish a monthly comics periodical, on the premise of artists\' freedom. It was named *Metropol* and bore the tag *\"Papeles falaces urbanos y criminales\"* (*Deceptive, Urban and Criminal Characters/Pages*). Several of Segura\'s series were featured, among them *Morgan* with Ortiz, and *Kraken* with Bernet. The latter was staged in a dystopic city, also named *Metropol*, above the sewers where the series\' monster, the *Kraken*, dwelled. The magazine was published for a total of 12 issues.
Later, Segura continued his prolific partnership with José Ortiz, resulting in a large body of work, including *Las Mil Caras de Jack el Destripador* (*The Thousand Faces of Jack the Ripper*), and the humorous sci-fi series *Burton & Cyb*. In the early 1990s, he started the series *Eva Medusa* with Ana Miralles, a work which won two Haxtur Awards. In the most recent years, Segura has worked for the Italian comics market, creating two episodes of *Magico Vento* and new stories for the character *Tex Willer*
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# 1770 in Ireland
Events from the year **1770 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George III
## Events
- 21 March -- the College Historical Society, a debating society at Trinity College Dublin, founded by Edmund Burke, holds its first meeting when Burke\'s Club (founded 1747) merges with the Historical Club (1753).
- Lough Ree Yacht Club is founded as Athlone Yacht Club.
- July -- A civil action is brought against Owen Coffee, an attorney from Clonkeen, County Westmeath by Captain Andrew Armstrong of Castle Armstrong, King\'s County, for having employed Armstrong\'s runaway East Indian slave, Peter Kent, while he was still his property. Armstrong is awarded £100 damages.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- John O\'Keeffe\'s play *The Giant\'s Causeway*.
## Births
- 30 November -- Andrew Blayney, 11th Baron Blayney, soldier, politician and peer (died 1832).
Full date unknown
:\* William Reid Clanny, physician and inventor of the Clanny safety lamp for miners (died 1850).
:\* James Orr, rhyming weaver poet (died 1816).
## Deaths
- 12 January -- James Stopford, 1st Earl of Courtown, politician (born 1700).
- 12 September -- William Annesley, 1st Viscount Glerawly, politician (born 1710).
Full date unknown
:\* Francis Lucas, naval officer and merchant trader (b. c1741)
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# Rochas
**Rochas** is a fashion, beauty, and perfume house founded in 1925 by French designer Marcel Rochas, the first designer of 2/3-length coats and skirts with pockets and one of the two designers, along with Elsa Schiaparelli, who launched the fashion for padded shoulders in 1931. Rochas had been known primarily for its signature perfume, \"Femme,\" which was packaged in a pink box with black lace.
## History
### Early beginnings {#early_beginnings}
Rochas had existed only as a fragrance from the time that Marcel Rochas died in 1955 until Wella, which made its classic Femme scent, brought back a clothing line in 1990 with the designer Peter O\'Brien.
### Olivier Theyskens, 2002--2008 {#olivier_theyskens_20022008}
The company found new recognition for its fashion design when it chose Belgian-born Olivier Theyskens as its creative director in 2002. (In the years leading to his appointment, its clothes had not been considered notable.) Theyskens, within his first few months, was credited as creating an \"entirely new silhouette for the house\" that was French-influenced and elegant. His first full collection, for Fall 2003, was praised by style.com as \"ravishing\" and \"nothing short of magnificent.\"
For the next several years, Rochas continued to garner praise among fashion critics and to attract loyal followers. Rochas\' clients included Nicole Kidman, Jennifer Aniston, Kirsten Dunst, Kate Bosworth, Jennifer Lopez, Rachel Weisz, and Sarah Jessica Parker. In 2006, the Council of Fashion Designers of America awarded Theyskens the International Award. However, Theyskens\' focus on \"demicouture\" (special pieces too costly to mass-produce but which may not meet strict couture rules regarding hand-stitching and numbers of fitting) was questioned by fashion insiders as a viable business strategy. His gowns, some of which were priced upwards of \$20,000, were often out of reach for all but the most fabulously wealthy. Theyskens took a purer approach to fashion and did not rely (like many fashion houses) on accessory sales and cheaper sister lines for a steady stream of revenue.
In July 2006, Procter & Gamble announced the discontinuation of Rochas\' fashion division, shocking many in the fashion industry. One \"longtime designer,\" commenting anonymously in *The New York Times*, said of the closure, \"That sort of perfect, made-to-measure business can\'t exist today, which is really too bad. Everything is about business now, and fashion shouldn\'t have to follow normal economic models---that\'s not the point. What happened to investing in beauty?\"
News emerged in 2008 that there were plans to reopen the fashion house.
### Marco Zanini, 2008--2013 {#marco_zanini_20082013}
On November 3, 2008, Marco Zanini was named new artistic director for the fashion house, in partnership with the Italian company GIBO. He showed his first collection during Paris Fashion Week in February 2009. His ambition to build \"brick by brick\" and season after season the foundations of a renewed House of Rochas, his insistence on making each new collection \"unpredictable\", confirm the renaissance of Rochas in fashion.
In September 2013, it was confirmed that Zanini would be leaving Rochas after five years with the brand to take on the role of Creative Director at the House of Schiaparelli.
### Alessandro Dell\'Acqua, 2014--2020 {#alessandro_dellacqua_20142020}
From 2014 to 2020, Alessandro Dell\'Acqua served as women's wear creative director at Rochas. Dell\'Acqua\'s first show for Rochas was set to take place in February 2014.
In 2015, Interparfums announced it would buy Rochas from Procter & Gamble for \$108 million.
In 2017 Rochas unveiled its first menswear collection, created by French designer Béatrice Ferran.
### Charles de Vilmorin, 2021-2023 {#charles_de_vilmorin_2021_2023}
Charles de Vilmorin was appointed as new creative director in 2021 only two weeks after he debuted his eponymous brand.
### Alessandro Vigilante, 2024-Present {#alessandro_vigilante_2024_present}
In December 2023, Rochas announced the appointment of Alessandro Vigilante to the creative director position. Vigilante has previously worked for brands such as Dolce & Gabbana and Gucci, and was hired by Rochas in May 2023 as a design employee. He will continue to design and produce a line under his own name during his time as creative director of Rochas
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# Merl Combs
**Merrill Russell \"Merl\" Combs** (December 11, 1919 -- July 7, 1981) was an American professional baseball player, scout and coach. Combs\' active career spanned ten seasons (1941; 1946--1954). He was a backup shortstop in Major League Baseball who played between `{{baseball year|1947}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{baseball year|1952}}`{=mediawiki} for the Boston Red Sox (1947; 1949--50), Washington Senators (1950) and Cleveland Indians (1951--52). Combs batted left-handed and threw right-handed; he stood 6 ft tall and weighed 172 lb. He was born in Los Angeles, and attended the University of Southern California.
In a five-season MLB career, Combs was a .202 hitter (73-for-361) with two home runs and 25 RBI in 140 games played, including 45 runs, six doubles and one triple. Thereafter, he was a longtime scout for multiple Major League organizations, and spent one season, `{{baseball year|1975}}`{=mediawiki}, as a coach on the staff of the Texas Rangers.
Combs died of lung cancer in Riverside, California, at the age of 61
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# 1850 in Ireland
Events from the year **1850 in Ireland**.
## Events
- Ongoing -- Great Famine subsides.
- 31 March -- the paddle steamer `{{RMS|Royal Adelaide|1838}}`{=mediawiki}, bound from Cork to London, sinks in the English Channel with the loss of all 250 on board.
- October -- Central Criminal Lunatic Asylum for Ireland opened in Dundrum, Dublin, the first secure hospital in Europe.
- 19 November -- the barque *Edmond* sinks off Kilkee with the loss of 98 of the 216 aboard.
- Improved navigation of River Shannon throughout from Killaloe to Lough Key is completed.
- The Encumbered Estates Commissioners sell off remaining Donegall estate properties in Belfast to the tenants.
- Crumlin Road Courthouse in Belfast is completed.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- Brian Mac Giolla Meidhre\'s poem *Cúirt An Mheán Oíche* is first published from the oral tradition in an edition by the scholar John O\'Daly.
- Tara Brooch (c.700 AD) found near Laytown, County Meath.
## Sport
- 27 February -- Abd El Kader wins the Aintree Grand National in England, having been trained at Dardistown Castle by his owner, Joe Osborne.
## Deaths
- 10 January -- William Reid Clanny, physician and inventor of the Clanny safety lamp for miners (born 1770).
- 6 August -- Windham Quin, 2nd Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl, peer (born 1782).
- 13 August -- Martin Archer Shee, painter (born 1769).
- 18 August -- Charles Arbuthnot, Tory politician and member of the Privy Council (born 1767).
- 10 October -- Jon Riley, deserter from United States Army, a founder of the San Patricios (born 1805).
- 29 December -- William Hamilton Maxwell, novelist (born 1792).
## Births
- 25 April -- William Melville, police officer and first chief of the British Secret Service (died 1918).
- 9 June -- Pierce Charles de Lacy O\'Mahony, Nationalist politician, barrister and philanthropist (died 1930).
- 24 June -- Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, British Field Marshal and statesman (drowned 1916).
- 17 July -- Edmond Holmes, educationalist, writer on religion and poet (died 1936).
- 12 September -- James Bernard, 4th Earl of Bandon, Deputy Lieutenant in Ireland (died 1924).
- 8 October -- Matthias McDonnell Bodkin, Nationalist politician, barrister and journalist (died 1933).
- 22 December -- Thomas O\'Shaughnessy, lawyer and judge (died 1933).
Full date unknown
:\*Thomas Lough, Liberal politician in Britain, Lord Lieutenant of Cavan (died 1922).
:\*Samuel Shumack, farmer and author in Australia (died 1940 in Australia)
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# Teodor Frunzeti
Lieutenant General **Teodor Frunzeti** (born September 4, 1955, Bucharest) was the chief of the Romanian Land Forces Staff from 3 November 2006 to 17 March 2009.
## Education
- \"Nicolae Bălcescu\" Military Academy, Sibiu - 1977
- National Defense University, Joint Section, Bucharest - 1987
- Military Higher Education Instructors Course, Bucharest - 1991
- Joint Postgraduate Course, Bucharest - 1993
- NATO School, Germany - 1995
- Microcomputer operation course, 1995
- Advanced French Course, Canada - 1995
- PhD in Military Art and Science - 1996
- Advanced English Course, USA - 1997
- US Army Command and General Staff College, USA - 1998
- United Nations Senior management Seminar, New York City and Oslo - 2004
- NATO Defense College, Rome - 2005
- Senior Executive Seminar at the George C. Marshall Center for Security Studies, Germany - 2006
- International Defense Transformation Course at Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, USA - 2006
- PhD in political sciences - 2006
- Associate university professor and PhD coordinator at the National Defense University, Bucharest
- Associate university professor at the \"Lucian Blaga\" University, Sibiu
He is author and co-author of 13 books related to military activity and also of 114 specialty articles.
## Positions
- 1977--1980 - platoon leader at the 1st Mechanized Regiment
- 1980--1985 - instructor at the Patriotic Guards, Bucharest
- 1985--1987 - student-officer of the National Defense University, Bucharest
- 1987--1989 - chief of operations and deputy chief of staff at the 1st Mechanized Regiment
- 1989--1990 - chief of staff at the 452nd Engineer Battalion
- 1990 - staff officer at the Operations Division within the 1st Army Command
- 1990--1998 - lecturer and professor at the National Defense University
- 1998--2000 - university professor, pro-rector and deputy commander of the Land Forces Military Academy, Sibiu
- 2000--2002 - Chief of Defense Strategies Section at J5 Strategic Planning Directorate, General Staff
- 2002--2003 - 33rd Mechanized Brigade commander and 10th Territorial Corps deputy commander
- 2003--2004 - Chief of Training and Doctrine (and Army General Inspector) and Commander of the Land Forces Command
- 2004--2006 - Commander of the \"Marshal Alexandru Averescu\" 2nd Joint Operational Command
- since November 3, 2006 - Chief of the Land Forces Staff
## Honours
### National honours {#national_honours}
- Romanian Royal Family: 52nd Knight of the Royal Decoration of the Cross of the Romanian Royal House
- Romanian Republic: Recipiennt of the Faithful Service Cross
### Foreign honours {#foreign_honours}
- : Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honour
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Teodor Frunzeti is married and has one child
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# Milk and Money
***Milk and Money*** is a 1936 Warner Bros. *Looney Tunes* animated short film directed by Tex Avery. The short was released on October 3, 1936, and stars Porky Pig.
## Plot
A farmer is busy with hoeing while his son Porky is ploughing the fields with his horse Dobbin. Hank Horsefly speeds up the process. The farmer and Porky are about to take a turn for the worse as Mr. Viper the Snake comes with a mortgage form ready to evict them unless a sum of rent money is paid.
Porky applies for a job as a driving milkman with a strict condition not to break a single bottle. Porky is doing well until Hank, having followed their trail, sends Dobbin at full speed and to crash and cause all the milk bottles to break.
As Porky despairs, Dobbin accidentally enters a horse race. When the race starts, Dobbin isn\'t getting far, until Hank stings Dobbin and he overtakes every racer and wins a \$10,000 prize. Porky makes it to the farm in the nick of time, riding in a roofless limo, to pay the owed money to Mr. Viper.
## Cast
- Billy Bletcher as Mr
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# The Phantom Rider (1936 serial)
***The Phantom Rider*** is a 1936 American Western film serial directed by Ray Taylor for Universal and starring Buck Jones and Marla Shelton.
## Plot
## Cast
- Buck Jones as Buck Grant
- Marla Shelton as Mary Grayson
- George Cooper as Spooky
- Diana Gibson as Helen Moore
- Harry Woods as Harvey Delaney
- Frank LaRue as Judge Holmes
- Eddie Gribbon as Sheriff Mark
- Matt McHugh as Agent Shorty
- Helen Shipman as Lizzie
- Joey Ray as Steve Scott
- Lafe McKee as Jeff Grayson
- Jim Mason as Dirk, a henchman
- Charles King as Keeler, a henchman
- Clem Bevans as Mr Hudson
- Wally Wales as Lew, a henchman
## Production
### Stunts
- Cliff Lyons
- George Plues
- Wally West
- Jay Wilsey
## Chapter titles {#chapter_titles}
1. Dynamite
2. The Maddened Herd
3. The Brink of Disaster
4. The Phantom Rides
5. Trapped by Outlaws
6. Shot Down
7. Stark Terror
8. The Night Attack
9. The Indians Attack
10. Human Targets
11. The Shaft of Doom
12. Flaming Gold
13. Crashing Timbers
14. The Last Chance
15
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# Jan Luggenhölscher
**Jan Luggenhölscher** (born 1980) is a German professional ice dancer. He competed with Jill Vernekohl representing skating club TSC Eintracht Dortmund. Together they were the 1998 German junior national champion and competed on the Junior Grand Prix. The pair finished 16th at the 1997 World Junior Figure Skating Championships and 11th at the 1999 World Junior Figure Skating Championships. Jan and Jill split up shortly before the 2000 World Junior Figure Skating Championship.
He received a training in acting and played among others in the popular German soap opera *Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten* (*Good Times, Bad Times*) and *Fear*.
In October 2006, he appeared in the RTL television show Dancing on Ice together with the German pop singer Michelle. Jan Luggenhölscher\'s second appearance was in January 2007 in the Turkish version of Dancing on Ice on the Show TV with his partner, the belly dancer Asena. His third appearance was in 2008 in the 3rd season of Gwiazdy tańczą na lodzie, the Polish edition of Dancing on Ice, with model Karolina Malinowska. They were eliminated in the first round
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# USS New Haven (1776)
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# Don't Look Now (1936 film)
***Don\'t Look Now*** is a 1936 Warner Bros. *Merrie Melodies* animated short film directed by Tex Avery. The short was released on November 7, 1936.
The film depicts a rivalry between the god Cupid and the demon Satan during Valentine\'s Day.
## Plot
It portrays Valentine\'s Day. Cupid is making people fall in love, while Satan is doing everything possible to undermine the relationships
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# Magne Sturød
**Magne Sturød** (born 19 October 1979) is a Norwegian professional football midfielder.
He started his career at Ulefoss and Skarphedin, before joining the larger club Sandefjord. After the 2005 season he went to Denmark and OB. He left OB after only a year for the rival club Horsens. Ahead of the 2009 season he returned to Norway and Kongsvinger.
Sturød joined Notodden ahead of the 2011 season, and played 14 matches and scored two goals for the club until 30 June 2011, when he left the club
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# Artapanus (general)
**Artapanus** (*Αρτάπανος*) was a Persian General under Xerxes I. He was the son of Artasyras, the chief of the Hyrcarnians. According to Ctesias\' *Persica*, Artapanus led the first wave of Persians against the Spartan force at the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC. Although he led a force of 10,000 men, they were routed by the Spartan defenders.
Artapanus is not mentioned by name in Herodotus\' history of the battle
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# Paul Tonkinson
**Paul Tonkinson** (born 1 August 1969) is a British comedian, radio presenter and television personality, best known for his presenting work on *The Big Breakfast* and *The Sunday Show*.
He was winner of the 1992 *Time Out* New Act of the Year Award and was *Time Out* Stand Up Comic of the Year in 1997.
## Early life {#early_life}
Tonkinsom is a former pupil of Scalby School and Northallerton School.
## Career
### Comedy
Tonkinson has been a regular on the UK comedy circuit for over twenty years, playing both public gigs and corporate events, and regularly taking shows to the Edinburgh Festival. In 2003 he performed at Balham\'s Banana Cabaret, alongside Michael McIntyre and Geoff Norcott.
Tonkinson is also regularly booked by the UK Armed Forces, and was the first comic to perform in Iraq after the war officially ended. He has won two Time Out Comedy Awards.
Tonkinson went on tour with McIntyre in 2015, for his Happy & Glorious show, as well as his Jet-Lagged and Jolly tour in 2023.
### Television
Tonkinson\'s BBC television credits include: *Stand Up for the Homeless*, *The Stand Up Show*, *The Sunday Show*, *Comic Relief does Fame Academy*, *EastEnders Revealed*, *Liquid News*, *Good Evening Rockall* and *Michael McIntyre\'s Comedy Roadshow*.
For Channel 4, Tonkinson has appeared in *The Big Breakfast*, *Take the Mike*, *Pop Gun*, *Top Ten* and *Dicing With Debt*. On ITV, Tonkinson\'s credits include *Stand Up*, *Live at Jongleurs*, *Raw Soap* and *Raw Soap II*.
On Sky1, Tonkinson has appeared in *The Film Show*, *Lorraine*, *Spend It Like Beckham*. Additional credits include *Live from the Comedy Store* (Channel 5), *MTV Hot* (MTV) and *Hey DJ* (UK Play).
### Radio
Tonkinson\'s early radio career included *The Paul Tonkinson Show* on London Live, as well as contributions to various Radio 4 comedy programmes, including *Loose Ends* and *Weekending*. He was also featured on Radio 4\'s *Live From the Comedy Store*.
He became the inaugural *Breakfast Show* presenter on Xfm Manchester upon its launch on 15 March 2006, before moving to Xfm London in 2007. There, he initially presented a variety of daytime shows to become familiar to listeners, before taking over the *Drivetime* slot from Richard Bacon. Following the sudden departure of Lauren Laverne from the *Breakfast Show* in April 2007, producers called on his experience in Manchester and asked him to step in. This was only a stop-gap solution, however, as he decided to focus on returning to the London stand-up circuit.
Tonkinson has latterly presented the syndicated Saturday lunchtime show, a slot previously occupied by Lauren Laverne, Adam & Joe, and Ricky Gervais/Stephen Merchant, before leaving radio work completely to focus on stand-up comedy.
### Podcasts
As a supporter of Manchester United, Tonkinson co-presented the podcast *ManYoo Redcast* with fellow fan Eddie Nestor. Tonkinson also participates in the *Running Commentary* running podcast, with Rob Deering.
### Writing
In January 2020, Tonkinson\'s first book, *26.2 Miles to Happiness: A Comedian\'s Tale of Running, Red Wine and Redemption* was published by Bloomsbury Sport
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# Jane (American band)
**Jane** was an electronic duo consisting of Panda Bear (Noah Lennox) of Animal Collective and Scott Mou. The two worked together at Other Music and recorded and practiced at Mou\'s house
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# Yasin Avcı (footballer, born 1984)
**Yasin Avcı** (born 3 August 1984) is a Turkish professional football midfielder, who is currently unattached
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# MV Coastal Inspiration
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# Lars Jensen (footballer)
**Lars Jensen** (born 4 July 1975) is a former Danish professional football defender. He ended his career in the Danish Superliga side AC Horsens.
Jensen previously played for Holstein Kiel and Jahn Regensburg in the German Regionalliga
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# Tony McDaniel
**Anthony Dewayne McDaniel** (born January 20, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Tennessee Volunteers. McDaniel was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He also played for the Miami Dolphins, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Seattle Seahawks, New Orleans Saints, and San Francisco 49ers.
## College career {#college_career}
McDaniel played college football at the University of Tennessee but was dismissed from the team after assaulting a fellow Tennessee student during a pick up basketball game. He left college as a junior to enter the NFL Draft and was picked up by Jacksonville as an undrafted free-agent.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
McDaniel played in 11 games as reserve defensive tackle for the Jaguars during the 2006 season. McDaniel finished the year with 21 tackles and one sack. He was inactive for the final five games of the season while battling a hip injury.
On March 19, 2009, McDaniel was traded to the Miami Dolphins for a seventh-round pick in the 2009 NFL draft.
On March 28, 2013, McDaniel signed a one-year contract with the Seattle Seahawks. McDaniel and the Seahawks won Super Bowl XLVIII 43--8 over the Denver Broncos in February 2014, and would lose Super Bowl XLIX 28--24 to the New England Patriots the next season. On August 2, 2015, McDaniel was released for salary cap reasons after the Seahawks signed Russell Wilson and Bobby Wagner to long-term extensions that offseason.
On August 10, 2015, McDaniel signed a one-year contract with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
On August 16, 2016, McDaniel signed with his former team, the Seahawks.
On June 16, 2017, McDaniel signed with the New Orleans Saints. He was released on September 2, 2017.
On October 17, 2017, McDaniel signed with the San Francisco 49ers. On November 13, 2017, McDaniel was released by the 49ers.
On December 27, 2017, McDaniel re-signed with the Saints. He was placed on injured reserve on January 10, 2018. He was released by the Saints on February 6, 2018.
## Legal troubles {#legal_troubles}
### 2005
In January 2005, McDaniel assaulted fellow University of Tennessee student, Edward Goodrich, during a pick-up basketball game for which Goodrich received four broken bones and needed a metal plate inserted into his face to repair injuries. McDaniel, originally charged with aggravated assault, a felony, pleaded guilty to misdemeanor assault and agreed to pay restitution to Goodrich for an undisclosed amount. Goodrich had filed an \$800,000 lawsuit against McDaniel in Knox County Circuit Court.
### 2010 {#section_1}
On February 6, 2010, McDaniel was arrested on the charge of domestic battery against his girlfriend which allegedly occurred in the driveway of his Broward County Florida residence. He was released on bond the following day. McDaniel was the first of two defensive lineman for the Miami Dolphins, Phillip Merling being the second, to be arrested and charged with battery against a female during the 2010 offseason.
The charges were later reduced to disorderly contact, a misdemeanor. He pleaded no contest, was sentenced to six months probation, and was required to attend counseling. After pleading no contest, the NFL suspended McDaniel one game, without pay, for violating the league\'s personal conduct policy
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# Cyrano (musical)
***Cyrano*** is a musical with a book and lyrics by Anthony Burgess and music by Michael J. Lewis.
Based on Edmond Rostand\'s classic 1897 play of the same name, it focuses on a love triangle involving the large-nosed poetic Cyrano de Bergerac, his beautiful cousin Roxana, and his classically handsome but inarticulate friend Christian de Neuvillette who, unaware of Cyrano\'s unrequited passion for Roxana, imposes upon him to provide the romantic words he can use to woo her successfully in mid-17th century Paris.
In the early 1960s, David Merrick had announced plans to produce a musical entitled *Cyrano* with a score by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley, but nothing came of the project. Burgess had translated the Rostand play for the Guthrie in Minneapolis, and director Michael Langham suggested he adapt it for a musical version. Burgess joined forces with film composer Lewis, replacing dialogue in his play with musical numbers, and the completed work was staged at the Guthrie, again with Langham at the helm.
Following a 6 week tryout in Boston\'s Colonial Theatre and five previews, the Broadway production, directed and choreographed by Michael Kidd, opened on May 13, 1973 at the Palace Theatre, where it ran for 49 performances. The cast included Christopher Plummer as Cyrano, Leigh Beery as Roxana, and Mark Lamos as Christian, with Tovah Feldshuh making her Broadway debut in two small supporting roles.
Plummer won the Tony for Best Actor in a Musical and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Performance, and Beery was Tony-nominated for Best Featured Actress in a Musical.
An original cast recording LP was released by A&M Records in 1973. An original cast recording CD was released by Decca Records in 2005.
In September 1994, an abridged version of the musical was staged at The Newport Arts Center in Orange County, California. Directed by Kent Johnson, and starring John Huntington as Cyrano and Deirdre McGill as Roxanne. One song, \"You Have Made Me Love\", released on a Broadway standards album sung by McGill.
## Song list {#song_list}
Act I
- Cyrano\'s Nose - Cyrano
- La France, La France - Company
- Tell Her - Le Bret and Cyrano
- From Now Till Forever - Cyrano & Company
- Bergerac - Cyrano & Roxana
- Pocapdedious - Cadets
- No, Thank You - Cyrano
- From Now Till Forever (Reprise) - Cyrano & Christian
Act II
- Roxana - Christian & Company
- It\'s She and It\'s Me - Christian
- You Have Made Me Love - Roxana
- Thither, Thother, Thide of Thee - Cyrano
- Pocapdedious (Reprise) - Le Bret & Cadets
- Paris Cuisine - Cyrano, Le Bret & Cadets
- Love Is Not Love - Roxana
- Autumn Carol - Roxana & Nuns
- I Never Loved You - Cyrano
## Original Broadway cast {#original_broadway_cast}
- Cyrano de Bergerac - Christopher Plummer
- Roxana - Leigh Beery
- Christian de Neuvillette - Mark Lamos
- Le Bret, Captain of the Gascons - James Blendick
- Montfleury, A Romantic Tragedian - Patrick Hines
- Count de Guiche, Guardian of Roxana - Louis Turenne
- Ragueneau, A Baker and Poet - Arnold Soboloff
- Viscount de Valvert - J
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# Aleš Hlad
**Aleš Hlad** is a Slovenian supermoto racer who lives near Ljubljana, Slovenia. He raced the KTM motorcycle in the 2007 season for the Bulgarian Motorcycle Federation. He was the 2005 European Champion and won the Athens GP in 2007
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# Christa-Elizabeth Goulakos
**Christa-Elizabeth Goulakos** (born March 3, 1988, in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian former competitive ice dancer who represented Greece internationally. She competed with Bradley Yaeger.
In the 2006--2007 season, she competed with Eric Neumann-Aubichon. They represented Greece at the 2007 European Figure Skating Championships and the 2007 World Figure Skating Championships
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# 1977 Washington, D.C., attack and hostage taking
The **1977 Hanafi Siege** was a terrorist attack, hostage-taking, and standoff in Washington, D.C., lasting from March 9 to March 11, 1977. Three buildings (the District Building, B\'nai B\'rith headquarters, and Islamic Center of Washington) were seized by twelve Hanafi Movement gunmen, who took 149 hostages. During the initial attack and takeover of the buildings, the assailants killed a journalist and mortally wounded a police officer; three others, including a city councilor, were injured. After a 39-hour standoff, the gunmen surrendered and all remaining hostages were released.
The gunmen were led by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis, who wanted to bring attention to the murder of his family in 1973. They had several demands, including that the government hand over the killers of Khaalis\' family and Malcolm X to them, as well as that the premiere of *Mohammad, Messenger of God* be canceled, and the film destroyed, because they considered it sacrilegious.
*Time* magazine noted:
> That the toll was not higher was in part a tribute to the primary tactic U.S. law enforcement officials are now using to thwart terrorists---patience. But most of all, perhaps, it was due to the courageous intervention of three Muslim ambassadors, Egypt\'s Ashraf Ghorbal, Pakistan\'s Sahabzada Yaqub-Khan and Iran\'s Ardeshir Zahedi.
## Background
The leader of the attack was Hamaas Abdul Khaalis, a former national secretary of the Nation of Islam. Khaalis was born Ernest McGhee in Indiana in 1921. Discharged from the U.S. Army on grounds of mental instability, he worked as a jazz drummer in New York City before converting to Islam and changing his name to Hamaas Khaalis. He became prominent in the ministries and schools of the Nation of Islam and was appointed its national secretary in the early 1950s.
Khaalis split with the Nation of Islam in 1958 to found a rival Islamic organization, the Hanafi Movement. In 1968, he was arrested for attempted extortion but released on grounds of mental illness. The same year, militant students at Howard University formed a group called the Kokayi family. When that was disbanded, many of its members became members of Hamaas\' Hanafi American Mussulman\'s Rifle and Pistol Club, which was given a group membership charter by the National Rifle Association.
In 1972, Hamaas published an open letter attacking the leadership and beliefs of the Nation of Islam. A year later, five men broke into Khaalis\' Washington, D.C., home and murdered five of his children, his nine-day-old grandson and another man. The men were associated with the Nation of Islam, and the government did not hold the Nation of Islam accountable. The high-profile murder trial was delayed for several years. Khaalis\'s daughter, the only survivor of the massacre, had sustained brain damage and suffered mental breakdowns when thinking about the murders. Khaalis and his family had urged prosecutors to allow her to submit a sworn statement. Despite this, prosecutors persuaded her to testify in court. When the trial began in fall of 1976, she became incoherent under cross-examination and fled the courtroom. The judge wrote a warrant for her arrest, then eventually declared a mistrial.
## Building takeovers {#building_takeovers}
On March 9, 1977, seven members of Khaalis\' group burst into the headquarters of B\'nai B\'rith at 1640 Rhode Island Ave N.W. in downtown Washington, 5 mi south of Khaalis\' headquarters at 7700 16th Street NW, and took over 100 hostages. Less than an hour later, three men entered the Islamic Center of Washington, and took eleven hostages. At 2:20 pm, two Hanafis entered the District Building, three blocks from the White House. They went to the fifth floor looking for important people to take hostage.
When an elevator opened, the hostage-takers thought they were under attack and fired, killing Maurice Williams, a reporter for WHUR-FM radio, and mortally wounding D.C. Protective Services Division Police Officer Mack Cantrell, who died in the hospital a few days later of a heart attack. Then-councilman and future four-term D.C. mayor Marion Barry walked into the hallway after hearing a commotion and was struck by a ricocheting shotgun pellet, which lodged just above his heart. Barry was later extracted from the building and rushed to a hospital. Two others were injured.
Over the course of the siege, Khaalis \"denounced the Jewish judge who had presided at the trial of his family\'s killers\", repeatedly alleging that \"the Jews control the courts and the press\".
## Demands
Khaalis and the Hanafis wanted those convicted for the 1973 murders, as well as those convicted for killing Malcolm X, handed over to their custody, presumably for execution. They also wanted to receive visits from Muslim leader Warith Deen Mohammed and champion boxer Muhammad Ali, long an active Nation of Islam supporter. Khaalis also demanded that he be refunded \$750 in legal fees caused by a contempt of court citation issued in response to shouting at one of the defendants on trial for murdering his family members.
*Time* noted: \"He also wanted the recently released film *Mohammad, Messenger of God*, to be banned on the grounds that it is sacrilegious. Khaalis\' concern over the film was thought to have triggered the attack.\" He made this determination about the sacrilegious nature of the film based on the mistaken impression that Mohammad was a character seen or heard in the film, which is not the case. The main characters are relatives whose portrayal is not forbidden by religious tradition. The kidnappers made some of their demands on air by calling the then-popular broadcast journalist Max Robinson.
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# 1977 Washington, D.C., attack and hostage taking
## Negotiations and resolution {#negotiations_and_resolution}
L. Douglas Heck and Rudy Giuliani had organized a team within the United States Department of Justice aimed at \"combating terrorism\". Although they claimed that DC police would handle the attacks, they soon brought in two intelligence operatives, Steve Pieczenik and Robert Blum.
When Khaalis was informed that people were worried about the fate of the hostages, Khaalis said, \"Nobody showed any concern when my family was killed several years earlier.\" He told a reporter:
> Get on the phone and call President Carter and some of those senators that never sent a call, a condolence message. Do you not realize when my family was wiped out \[no\] one said one word? Not one. Not even a preacher. Not even a minister. Not even a spiritual advisor. Not even a city council member. So, I\'m very glad you\'re worried now. When they wiped out my family, I didn\'t hear about your sympathy and emotions. I got a letter the other day from my brother telling me how the brother was swaggering around in jail, the killer of Malcolm, walking around with guards protecting him. Well tell him it\'s over. Tell him it\'s payday.
The money from the contempt of court citation was returned and the movie premiere was cancelled. However, the convicted killers of his family and Malcolm X were not delivered.
On the evening of the following day, after a number of phone calls, the three ambassadors and some Washington, D.C., officials---including MPDC commander Joseph O\'Brien, who had investigated the murder of Khaalis\' children and was trusted by Khaalis---met with the Hanafis. Khaalis prayed and had a vision of his mentor, a Bengali mystic named Tasibur Uddein Rahman who had died ten years prior. He received guidance from the vision and proceeded to the negotiations. The ambassadors of Pakistan, Iran, and Egypt read the Quran with Khaalis to appeal to his conscience. Finally, Khaalis and the others involved in the hostage taking at the two sites where no one was killed were allowed to be charged and then freed on their own recognizance. All 12 were later tried and convicted, with Khaalis receiving a sentence of 21 to 120 years for his role.
## Aftermath
Khaalis died at the Federal Correctional Complex Prison in Butner, North Carolina, on November 13, 2003. Marion Barry recovered from his wounds and was later elected mayor. In 2007, the fifth floor press room at the Wilson Building was named for the slain reporter, Maurice Williams. Abdul Muzikir, who shot and killed Williams, was sentenced to 70 years in prison and released in 2022.
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
John W. King wrote about the Hanafi siege in his book, *The Breeding of Contempt*. The book chronicles the siege and his family\'s becoming the first African American family in the Federal Witness Protection Program after the massacre of the Khaalis family.
The siege is mentioned in Joni Mitchell\'s song \"Otis And Marlena\" from her 1977 album *Don Juan\'s Reckless Daughter*. In the song, the title characters travel \"for sun and fun / While Muslims stick up Washington\".
The Jonathan Leaf play *The Caterers*, which was produced Off Broadway in 2005, portrayed a modern-day version of the siege.
Filmmaker David Simon reused an anecdote from the siege in his 2020 HBO drama *The Plot Against America*. Simon\'s father, Bernard Simon, was taken hostage in 1977 while serving as public relations director for B\'nai B\'rith. Tasked with finding food, he noticed that the bologna sandwiches provided by a nearby hotel were not kosher and would therefore be unacceptable to a number of the Jewish hostages. According to David Simon, his father joked, \"Mayonnaise on white bread? I think they\'re trying to kill us.\"
University of Richmond associate professor of journalism Shahan Mufti was awarded the 2020 J. Anthony Lukas Work-In-Progress Award for his manuscript of *American Caliph*, an account of the 1977 siege. The book was published in November 2022 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux
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# Coconuts (album)
***COcOnuts*** is the second album released by Jane, comprising Animal Collective member Panda Bear, and Scott Mou. It was originally self-released on CD-R\'s, but later became the first album released by Psych-o-path Records in 2005. The Psych-o-path version was remastered by Rusty Santos and Edik Kleyner.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. Coconuts 23:51
2
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# Sir John Fenwick, 1st Baronet
**Sir John Fenwick, 1st Baronet** (c. 1570 -- c. 1658) of Wallington and Fenwick, Northumberland, was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1624 and 1648. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the Civil War.
## Biography
Fenwick was the son of Sir William Fenwick, who had been Sheriff of Northumberland in 1578 and 1589, and his first wife Grace Forster daughter of Sir John Forster of Edderstone and Hexham. He was knighted at Royston on 18 January 1605 and succeeded his father in 1618 at the age of 35. Fenwick himself also served as Sheriff in 1619--20 and 1644--45.
In 1624 and again in 1625, 1626 and 1628 Fenwick was elected member of parliament for Northumberland. He was created 1st Baronet Fenwick of Fenwick, on 9 June 1628. He was a successful racehorse breeder and became a favourite of Charles I for whom he acted as Master of the Royal Stud at Tutbury and, from 1639, Surveyor of the Royal Race (or Stud).
In April 1640, Fenwick was again elected MP for Northumberland to the Short Parliament and was then elected MP for Cockermouth to the Long Parliament in 1641. He was then re-elected for Northumberland in 1642 after Henry Percy was excluded. Fenwick himself was temporarily disabled from sitting in January 1644 but was re-admitted to Parliament in June 1646.
Fenwick owned substantial estates in Northumberland and Durham but financial difficulties caused him to sell the greater part of his holdings in 1650 to Sir William Blackett for £20,000. He retained the family seat at Wallington Hall.
## Family
He died in 1658 aged 79. He had married, firstly, Catherine Slingsby, daughter of Sir Henry Slingsby of Scriven, Yorkshire and Frances Vavasour, and had a son John and two daughters. He married, secondly, Grace Loraine, daughter of Thomas Loraine, and had further issue, including William. His third wife was named Bond.
His son and heir John was killed fighting on the Royalist side at the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644 and he was therefore succeeded by his second son William
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# My Suicidal Sweetheart
***My Suicidal Sweetheart*** is a 2005 American independent dark comedy film written and produced by Michael Parness. The initial working title of the film was *Saving Grace*; this title was later changed to *Max & Grace* during production, and remained in place prior to its release on the film festival circuit in March 2005.
During an appearance at the 2006 Sacramento Film Festival, Parness remarked that he was dissatisfied with the title of *Max & Grace* and announced plans to change it to *My Suicidal Sweetheart*. The film has been released on DVD under the title *Crazy for Love*.
## Background
According to *Filmmaker Magazine*, \"Michael Parness was on his fourth career when he stepped behind the camera to direct the comedy \'Max and Grace\' in New York \... Originally the proprietor of a thriving sports memorabilia business that supported his efforts as a playwright, theater director and screenwriter, he lost most of his savings in the October \'98 stock market crash. Down to \$33,000, he opened an online brokerage account and in 15 months turned it into \$7 million; Parness launched financial guru site trendfund.com along the way and recounts his experiences in the 2002 bestseller, *Rule the Freakin\' Markets*. All that made him famous in financial circles and a regular in their media. Dustin Hoffman\'s Punch Productions even optioned his life story. But he still wanted to make a movie. \'It\'s what I\'ve wanted to do my whole life,\' says Parness. \'Film allows you to take to the next level what you can do on the stage, like showing a character\'s inner thoughts or using special effects to highlight emotion.\'\"
In an interview with efilmcritic.com, Parness explained how the movie came to be:
> \"I was busy teaching people how to *Rule the Freakin\' Markets* trading stocks and I got an email from someone who had seen one of my plays years earlier and wanted to produce something in L.A. Being the control freak I am, I reluctantly let him do so and in the process he asked if I had any screenplays. *Max and Grace* (then *Saving Grace*) was lying around and he loved it and his company loved it and they said they would put up money to make it. They ended up, like many, being full of BS, and the money fell through, but I decided I might as well go bankrupt to make it anyway, which is virtually what happened. Like many of my other writings, this was based on a broken relationship where I was always trying to \'save\' the woman I was with. Needless to say, I couldn\'t save her, but I did get a movie out of it!\"
## Plot
From the moment he was six, Max wanted to die. He tried shooting himself, hanging himself and even throwing himself out of a window. But somehow, he always managed to survive. Exasperated, his parents have him committed to a mental institution, where miraculously he\'s found something worth living for. Her name is Grace; she\'s a wild mental patient whose death wish is even stronger than Max\'s. But Max has a plan to save her. They\'re taking their marriage vows, \'til death do us part, and escaping the loony bin for the adventure of a new start. Max thinks Grace will be cured by visiting her mother, but he has to keep her alive until they get there. She tries overdosing on pills, running in front of a truck and jumping from a bridge, but luckily each time, Max comes to her rescue. Finally, he brings Grace to her mother and in a bizarre turn of events, the terminally ill oddball orders them to dig her grave. Mom says her goodbyes, but not before she tells Max and Grace that they both have something to live for --- she sees a vision of their baby girl in Grace\'s tummy. It\'s more than the hope Grace and Max have been searching for; it\'s the wonderful beginning of a whole new life.
## Cast
- Natasha Lyonne as Grace
- David Krumholtz as Max
- Tim Blake Nelson as Doctor, Chief Nakahoma, Minister, Roger Bob
- Lorraine Bracco as Sheila
- David Paymer as Max, Sr.
- Rosanna Arquette as Vera
- Karen Black as Grace\'s Mom
- Ralf Möller as Bruno
- Guillermo Díaz as Hector
- Dave Attell as Efram the driver
- Emma Adele Galvin as Sis
- James Apaumut Fall as Interpreter
- Dov Davidoff as Doorman
- Michael Parness (film director) as Peter Brown
- Dena Ferreira as Wife
- Tom Shillue as Orderly
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# My Suicidal Sweetheart
## Production
The main cast for *My Suicidal Sweetheart* was set in July 2002. After reading the script, Tim Blake Nelson convinced the producers to let him assume several different roles---as a psychiatric doctor, Chief Nakahoma, a wrestling minister, and as a motivational speaker named Roger Bob. Director Michael Parness popped into a small role as a character named Peter Brown, a participant at Roger Bob\'s outdoor support group.
Natasha Lyonne was the director\'s first choice for the role of Grace, and as soon as she signed on, agents began calling and roughly 25 male leads auditioned for the role of Max. The producers at the time wanted a well-known actor for the part, so they cast Edward Furlong in June 2002; unfortunately, due to personal issues and alleged drug and/or alcohol abuse, Furlong was cut from *Max & Grace* and another film called *Firecracker* and had to be replaced on both projects. At Lyonne\'s prompting, Parness then cast actor David Krumholtz as Max in March 2003. Lyonne and Krumholtz first worked together in the 1998 20th-Century Fox film *The Slums of Beverly Hills*, in which they played Vivian and Ben Abromowitz (brother and sister).
## Post-production {#post_production}
According to a press release dated March 12, 2005, REX Media was responsible for the website (www.maxandgrace.com), poster and promotional pieces for *Max & Grace.* This was the company\'s first time handling a motion picture project.
## Film festival showings {#film_festival_showings}
The film was first shown at the South by Southwest (SXSW) Film Festival in Austin, Texas. It was screened on Saturday, March 12 and Tuesday, March 25, 2005 at 1:30 p.m. at the Paramount Theatre, and also on Thursday, March 17, 2005 at 7 p.m. at the Alamo Downtown. Other festival appearances for the film included:
- Newport Beach International Film Festival (Newport Beach, CA, USA; April 23, 2005)
- Seattle International Film Festival (Seattle, WA, USA; June 9, 2005)
- Rhode Island Film Festival (Providence, RI, USA; August 13, 2005)
- Rebelfest Film Festival (Toronto, Canada; September 7, 2005)
- San Diego Film Festival (San Diego, CA, USA; September 23, 2005)
- Sidewalk Moving Picture Festival (Birmingham, AL, USA; September 24, 2005)
- California Independent Film Festival (Livermore, CA, USA; October 30, 2005)
- Nolita Film Festival (New York, NY, USA; December 4, 2005)
- DC Independent Film Festival (Washington, D.C., USA; March 4, 2006)
- Tiburon Film Festival (Tiburon, CA; USA; March 11 & 16, 2006)
- Magnolia Film Festival (West Point, MS, USA; March 16, 2006)
- Sacramento Film Festival (Sacramento, CA, USA; April 1, 2006)
- Sarasota Film Festival (Sarasota, FL, USA; April 14, 2006)
- Oxford International Film Festival (Oxford, UK; May 12, 2006)
- Trenton Film Festival (Trenton, NJ, USA; May 15, 2006)
- Big Island Film Festival (Waikoloa, HI, USA; May 18, 2006)
## Awards and achievements {#awards_and_achievements}
- The Newport Beach International Film Festival\]- Outstanding Achievement in Filmmaking: Acting (David Krumholtz)
- Rhode Island Film Festival - Best Feature Film (tie)
- California Independent Film Festival - two \"Slate\" Awards: Best Actor (David Krumholtz, Best Score
- Magnolia Film Festival - Best Film
- Trenton Film Festival - Best Film, Best Actress (Natasha Lyonne), Best Supporting Actor
## Title change {#title_change}
Director Michael Parness announced the change in the title of his film from *Max & Grace* to *My Suicidal Sweetheart* at a question-and-answer session following the film\'s screening at the Sacramento Film Festival in March 2006. A year later, in June 2007, it was announced by Market Wire that FilmMates Entertainment (a Los Angeles-based film acquisition, finance, production and distribution company) acquired worldwide theater, television and home video/DVD distribution rights to the film. Changes to the title subsequently resulted in changes to the film\'s poster in 2006, and the trailer carried by the Full Glass Films website.
Initially, the film was set for limited release during Fall 2006 for three major cities: Toronto, New York and Los Angeles. This was to be followed by a home video/DVD release, but the limited-release runs never took place. The film has been released as *Crazy for Love* on DVD as of 06/10/08
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# VH1 Behind the Music: The Daryl Hall and John Oates Collection
***VH1 Behind the Music: The Daryl Hall and John Oates Collection*** is a compilation album by Hall & Oates. *Behind the Music* is a TV series that aired on VH1 and this compilation was released in connection with a Hall & Oates episode. It features 3 new (at the time) studio tracks and a few new live recordings. Two of the three new songs (\"Heartbreak Time,\" and \"Do It for Love\") were recorded for Hall & Oates next album, *Do It For Love*. It also features an acoustic re-recording of \"Someone Like You\" (retitled \"Somebody Like You\" for this release) from Hall\'s 1986 solo album *Three Hearts in the Happy Ending Machine*.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Sara Smile\" (Hall, Oates) (3:09)
2. \"Rich Girl\" (Hall) (2:26)
3. \"Do What You Want, Be What You Are\" (Hall, Oates) (4:36)
4. \"You Make My Dreams\" (Allen, Hall, Oates) (3:07)
5. \"I Can\'t Go for That (No Can Do)\" (Allen, Hall, Oates) (5:09)
6. \"One on One\" (Hall) (4:19)
7. \"Maneater\" (Allen, Hall, Oates) (4:32)
8. \"Say It Isn\'t So\" (Hall) (4:18)
9. \"Out of Touch\" (Hall, Oates) (4:26)
10. \"Everything Your Heart Desires\" (Hall) (5:19)
11. \"Kiss on My List\" (**live**) (Allen, Hall) (4:37)
12. \"She\'s Gone\" (**live**) (Hall, Oates) (5:23)
13. \"So Close\" (**Unplugged version**) (Bon Jovi, Green, Hall, Kortchmar) (4:52)
14. \"Everytime You Go Away\" (**live**) (Hall) (9:14)
15. \"Somebody Like You\" (**New recording of Hall\'s solo song \"Someone Like You\"**) (Hall) (5:53)
16. \"Heartbreak Time\" (**New song**) (Barry, Oates, Taylor, Torch) (4:09)
17
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# Mark Dedrie
**Mark Dedrie** (born 1962, Wilrijk, Belgium), is a Belgian sculptor. He was born in Wilrijk as the son of a baker. He had however no interest in the baker profession and started working at a bronze foundry, where he for nearly thirteen years worked as a bronzer (1983--1997). As a result of his work, he met many artists and decided to create his own sculptures. Since 1997, he has been creating his own sculptures in bronze and stainless steel. In 2008 he won the *cultuurprijs Raymond Majean* (Raymond Majean cultural prize)
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# 2006–07 York City F.C. season
The 2006--07 season was the 85th season of competitive association football and third season in the Football Conference played by York City Football Club, a professional football club based in York, North Yorkshire, England. They finished in fourth place in the 24-team 2006--07 Conference National, qualifying for the play-offs, in which they were eliminated in the semi-final by Morecambe.
York entered the 2006--07 FA Cup in the fourth qualifying round, beating Newcastle Benfield (Bay Plastics) away before losing at home to Bristol City in the first round. They were knocked out in the first round of the 2006--07 FA Trophy, being beaten by their eventual play-off opponents Morecambe.
28 players made at least one appearance in nationally organised first-team competition, and there were 12 different goalscorers. Striker Craig Farrell played in all 51 first-team matches over the season. Clayton Donaldson finished as leading goalscorer with 26 goals, of which 24 came in league competition, one came in the FA Cup one came in the FA Trophy. The winner of the Clubman of the Year award was Neal Bishop.
## Background and pre-season {#background_and_pre_season}
New home and away kits were brought in for the first time in two years. The home kit included red shirts with a white collar, bar a section under the neck which was red, and white trims on the sleeves, white shorts and red socks. The away kit comprised yellow shirts with a green collar, bar a section under the neck which was yellow, and white trims on the sleeves, blue shorts and blue socks. CLP Industries continued as shirt sponsors for the second successive season.
+------+-----------------------+-------+--------+--------+-------------------------------+------------+---+
| Date | Opponents | Venue | Result | Score\ | Scorers | Attendance | |
| | | | | F--A | | | |
+======+=======================+=======+========+========+===============================+============+===+
| | Gainsborough Trinity | A | L | 1--2 | Wilkinson 63\' | | |
+------+-----------------------+-------+--------+--------+-------------------------------+------------+---+
| | Middlesbrough | H | L | 0--1 | | 1,342 | |
+------+-----------------------+-------+--------+--------+-------------------------------+------------+---+
| | Darlington | H | L | 0--2 | | 598 | |
+------+-----------------------+-------+--------+--------+-------------------------------+------------+---+
| | Leeds United reserves | H | W | 2--0 | Donaldson 20\', Craddock 47\' | 1,511 | |
+------+-----------------------+-------+--------+--------+-------------------------------+------------+---+
: Pre-season match details
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# 2006–07 York City F.C. season
## Match details {#match_details}
Dates and attendances are sourced by Batters. League positions are sourced by Statto. The remaining information is referenced individually.
### Conference National {#conference_national}
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| Date | League\ | Opponents | Venue | Result | Score\ | Scorers | Attendance | |
| | position | | | | F--A | | | |
+======+==========+========================+=======+========+========+=======================================================================+============+===+
| | | Exeter City | H | D | 0--0 | | 2,789 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 5th | Stevenage Borough | A | W | 2--1 | Donaldson 6\', Bowey 64\' | 2,306 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | Gravesend & Northfleet | A | W | 1--0 | Donaldson 33\' | 1,036 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 1st | Burton Albion | H | W | 3--2 | Donaldson 8\', Convery 61, Peat 90\' | 2,812 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | Rushden & Diamonds | A | W | 1--0 | Donaldson 49\' | 2,416 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 2nd | Stafford Rangers | H | D | 0--0 | | 2,955 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 6th | Crawley Town | A | L | 0--3 | | 932 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 7th | Morecambe | H | L | 2--3 | Woolford 49\', Donaldson 75\' pen. | 2,233 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 6th | Kidderminster Harriers | H | W | 1--0 | Donaldson 43\' | 2,181 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 5th | Woking | A | W | 2--1 | Woolford (2) 28\', 41\' | 1,907 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Southport | H | D | 2--2 | Farrell 21\', Hoolickin 77\' o.g. | 2,446 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 7th | Oxford United | A | L | 0--2 | | 6,602 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | Northwich Victoria | A | W | 2--1 | Donaldson 31\', Peat 90\' | 1,021 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Aldershot Town | H | W | 1--0 | Convery 12\' | 2,679 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | Cambridge United | H | L | 1--2 | Donaldson 22\' | 2,614 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | St Albans City | A | L | 2--4 | Farrell (2) 25\', 66\' | 1,237 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 6th | Tamworth | A | D | 2--2 | Donaldson (2) 10\', 32\' | 1,311 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 5th | Altrincham | H | W | 1--0 | Donaldson 47\' | 2,726 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | Weymouth | A | W | 2--1 | Panther 60\', Goodliffe 81\' | 1,774 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 5th | Dagenham & Redbridge | H | L | 2--3 | Woolford 10\', Donaldson 37\' | 3,050 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 5th | Forest Green Rovers | A | W | 1--0 | Donaldson 9\' | 1,125 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | Grays Athletic | A | D | 0--0 | | 1,139 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Halifax Town | H | W | 2--0 | Donaldson (2) 5\', 67\' pen. | 3,588 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | Woking | H | L | 0--1 | | 3,173 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Morecambe | A | W | 3--1 | Donaldson 45\', Farrell 47\', Bowey 61\' | 2,203 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Crawley Town | H | W | 5--0 | Donaldson (2) 20\' pen., 53\', Bowey 21\', Panther 32\', Farrell 73\' | 2,590 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Kidderminster Harriers | A | L | 1--2 | Farrell 83\' | 2,073 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Halifax Town | A | D | 1--1 | Woolford 57\' | 2,308 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Grays Athletic | H | D | 2--2 | Bowey 5\', McMahon 13\' | 2,689 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Tamworth | H | L | 0--2 | | 2,477 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Altrincham | A | W | 4--0 | Bishop 1\', Bowey 8\', Brodie 66\', Woolford 90\' | 1,327 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Weymouth | H | W | 1--0 | Bowey 90\' | 2,769 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | Dagenham & Redbridge | A | L | 1--2 | Bishop 62\' | 2,252 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Forest Green Rovers | H | D | 0--0 | | 2,923 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Northwich Victoria | H | W | 2--1 | Charnock 55\' o.g., Woolford 69\' | 2,132 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Aldershot Town | A | W | 2--0 | Farrell 25\', Panther 90\' | 2,435 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Cambridge United | A | W | 5--0 | Farrell 21\', Donaldson (3) 33\', 63\', 72\', Kovács 47\' | 2,428 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | St Albans City | H | D | 0--0 | | 2,927 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Exeter City | A | D | 1--1 | Farrell 58\' | 4,410 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 3rd | Stevenage Borough | H | L | 0--1 | | 2,969 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | Gravesend & Northfleet | H | L | 0--2 | | 2,709 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | Burton Albion | A | W | 2--1 | Woolford 71\', Farrell 80\' | 2,718 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | Rushden & Diamonds | H | W | 3--1 | Donaldson (2) 41\', 50\', Bowey 54\' | 2,955 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 5th | Stafford Rangers | A | D | 0--0 | | 1,293 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | Southport | A | W | 1--0 | Donaldson 56\' pen. | 3,206 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
| | 4th | Oxford United | H | W | 1--0 | Bishop 38\' | 5,378 | |
+------+----------+------------------------+-------+--------+--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+---+
: Conference National match details
### League table (part) {#league_table_part}
<table>
<caption>Final Conference National table (part)</caption>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th scope="col"><p>Pos</p></th>
<th scope="col"><p>Club</p></th>
<th scope="col"><p>Pld</p></th>
<th scope="col"><p>W</p></th>
<th scope="col"><p>D</p></th>
<th scope="col"><p>L</p></th>
<th scope="col"><p>F</p></th>
<th scope="col"><p>A</p></th>
<th scope="col"><p>GD</p></th>
<th scope="col"><p>Pts</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td scope="row"><p>2nd</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Oxford United</p></td>
<td><p>46</p></td>
<td><p>22</p></td>
<td><p>15</p></td>
<td><p>9</p></td>
<td><p>66</p></td>
<td><p>33</p></td>
<td><p>+33</p></td>
<td><p>81</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td scope="row"><p>3rd</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Morecambe</p></td>
<td><p>46</p></td>
<td><p>23</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>11</p></td>
<td><p>64</p></td>
<td><p>46</p></td>
<td><p>+18</p></td>
<td><p>81</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td scope="row"><p>4th</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>York City</p></td>
<td><p>46</p></td>
<td><p>23</p></td>
<td><p>11</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>65</p></td>
<td><p>45</p></td>
<td><p>+20</p></td>
<td><p>80</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td scope="row"><p>5th</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Exeter City</p></td>
<td><p>46</p></td>
<td><p>22</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>67</p></td>
<td><p>48</p></td>
<td><p>+19</p></td>
<td><p>78</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td scope="row"><p>6th</p></td>
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Burton Albion</p></td>
<td><p>46</p></td>
<td><p>22</p></td>
<td><p>9</p></td>
<td><p>15</p></td>
<td><p>52</p></td>
<td><p>47</p></td>
<td><p>+5</p></td>
<td><p>75</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td scope="row"><p>Key</p></td>
<td colspan="9"><p><strong>Pos</strong> = League position; <strong>Pld</strong> = Matches played;<br />
<strong>W</strong> = Matches won; <strong>D</strong> = Matches drawn; <strong>L</strong> = Matches lost;<br />
<strong>F</strong> = Goals for; <strong>A</strong> = Goals against; <strong>GD</strong> = Goal difference; <strong>Pts</strong> = Points</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td scope="row"><p>Source</p></td>
<td colspan="9"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
: Final Conference National table (part)
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# 2006–07 York City F.C. season
## Match details {#match_details}
### FA Cup {#fa_cup}
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------------------+------------+---+
| Round | Date | Opponents | Venue | Result | Score\ | Scorers | Attendance | |
| | | | | | F--A | | | |
+=========================+======+===================================+=======+========+========+====================+============+===+
| Fourth qualifying round | | Newcastle Benfield (Bay Plastics) | A | W | 1--0 | Donaldson 8\' pen. | 988 | |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------------------+------------+---+
| First round | | Bristol City | H | L | 0--1 | | 3,525 | |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------------------+------------+---+
: FA Cup match details
### FA Trophy {#fa_trophy}
+-------------+------+-----------+-------+--------+--------+----------------+------------+---+
| Round | Date | Opponents | Venue | Result | Score\ | Scorers | Attendance | |
| | | | | | F--A | | | |
+=============+======+===========+=======+========+========+================+============+===+
| First round | | Morecambe | A | L | 1--2 | Donaldson 79\' | 1,017 | |
+-------------+------+-----------+-------+--------+--------+----------------+------------+---+
: FA Trophy match details
### Conference National play-offs {#conference_national_play_offs}
+-----------------------+------+-----------+-------+--------+-----------+-----------------+------------+---+
| Round | Date | Opponents | Venue | Result | Score\ | Scorers | Attendance | |
| | | | | | F--A | | | |
+=======================+======+===========+=======+========+===========+=================+============+===+
| Semi-final first leg | | Morecambe | H | D | 0--0 | | 6,660 | |
+-----------------------+------+-----------+-------+--------+-----------+-----------------+------------+---+
| Semi-final second leg | | Morecambe | A | L | 1--2\ | Bowey 20\' pen. | 5,567 | |
| | | | | | 1--2 agg. | | | |
+-----------------------+------+-----------+-------+--------+-----------+-----------------+------------+---+
: Conference National play-offs match details
| 249 |
2006–07 York City F.C. season
| 2 |
10,017,434 |
# 2006–07 York City F.C. season
## Transfers
### In
Date Player Club`{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} Fee
----------------- ----------------- ----------------------------------- ------------- --
31 May 2006 Darren Craddock (Hartlepool United) Free
24 June 2006 Steve Bowey (Queen of the South) Free
27 June 2006 Craig Farrell (Exeter City) Free
28 June 2006 David McGurk (Darlington) Free
17 July 2006 Ross Greenwood (Stockport County) Free
20 July 2006 Anthony Lloyd (Torquay United) Free
31 July 2006 Tom Evans (Scunthorpe United) Free
11 August 2006 (Scarborough) Free
18 August 2006 Lewis McMahon (Notts County) Free
18 August 2006 Daniel Parslow (Cardiff City) Free
31 August 2006 Martyn Woolford Frickley Athletic Undisclosed
31 January 2007 Richard Brodie Newcastle Benfield (Bay Plastics) Nominal
: Brackets around club names denote the player\'s contract with that club had expired before he joined York.
### Out
Date Player Club`{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} Fee
----------------- ---------------------- ------------------------------ ---------- --
17 August 2006 Simon Weaver (Tamworth) Released
31 January 2007 (Harrogate Town) Released
1 March 2007 Arran Reid (Stalybridge Celtic) Released
16 May 2007 Steve Bowey (Gateshead) Released
16 May 2007 Mark Convery (Cambridge United) Released
16 May 2007 James Dudgeon (Stalybridge Celtic) Released
16 May 2007 Darren Hollingsworth (Tow Law Town) Released
16 May 2007 Anthony Lloyd (Farsley Celtic) Released
16 May 2007 Lewis McMahon (Gainsborough Trinity) Released
16 May 2007 Nathan Peat (Harrogate Town) Released
12 June 2007 Neal Bishop (Barnet) Free
1 July 2007 Clayton Donaldson (Hibernian) Free
: Brackets around club names denote the player joined that club after his York contract expired.
### Loans in {#loans_in}
Date Player Club Return
----------------- -------------------- ---------------------- -------------------------- --
5 October 2006 Luke Foster Lincoln City Recalled 4 December 2006
20 October 2006 Jason Goodliffe Stevenage Borough 21 January 2007
20 October 2006 Darryn Stamp Stevenage Borough 10 January 2007
19 January 2007 Michael Maidens Hartlepool United 19 February 2007
31 January 2007 Rob Elvins West Bromwich Albion 25 March 2007
2 March 2007 János Kovács Chesterfield 2 April 2007
2 March 2007 Richard O\'Donnell Sheffield Wednesday 18 March 2007
22 March 2007 Craig James Darlington End of season
22 March 2007 Phil Bell Whitley Bay End of season
22 March 2007 Ben Purkiss Gainsborough Trinity End of season
26 March 2007 Paddy Gamble Nottingham Forest End of season
### Loans out {#loans_out}
Date Player Club Return
----------------- ---------------------- -------------------- ----------- --
17 October 2006 Darren Hollingsworth Stalybridge Celtic One-month
27 March 2007 Darren Hollingsworth Whitby Town One-month
| 403 |
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| 3 |
10,017,434 |
# 2006–07 York City F.C. season
## Appearances and goals {#appearances_and_goals}
: Source:
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: Numbers in parentheses denote appearances as substitute.
: Players with names struck through and marked `{{dagger|alt=Left club during playing season}}`{=mediawiki} left the club during the playing season.
: Players with names *in italics* and marked \* were on loan from another club for the whole of their season with York.
: Players listed with no appearances have been in the matchday squad but only as unused substitutes.
: Key to positions: GK -- Goalkeeper; DF -- Defender; MF -- Midfielder; FW -- Forward
No. Pos. Nat
| 104 |
2006–07 York City F.C. season
| 4 |
10,017,441 |
# Pontiac station (Illinois)
**Pontiac station** is an Amtrak train station in Pontiac, Livingston County, Illinois, United States. Pontiac station is served by the Illinois-focused *Lincoln Service* between Chicago Union Station and the Gateway Transportation Center in St. Louis, Missouri and the long-distance *Texas Eagle* between Chicago and Los Angeles Union Station. Until April 2007, Pontiac was also served by the *Ann Rutledge*, a train from Chicago to Kansas City Union Station. Pontiac station boasts a single, low-level side platform for trains, along with a station depot for passengers. The station also has a wheelchair lift and handicap-accessibility per the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
Pontiac originated as a stop on the Chicago and Alton Railroad. A station depot, built in 1901, formerly served as the Amtrak station until a new one was constructed to the south. A new station opened on June 5, 2017, at a cost of \$2.65 million.
An older depot, located one block north of the new station, is now a pizza restaurant
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# Martyn Rady
**Martyn Rady** (born 1955) is Masaryk Professor Emeritus of Central European History at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES), University College London (UCL). He was from 1995 to 2009 Warden of Hughes Parry Hall, an intercollegiate hall of the University of London. He retired from UCL in December 2020. He lives in Stroud in Gloucestershire.
## Career
Martyn Rady was educated at Caterham School and Westfield College, University of London, where he read for a BA in History. He went on to do postgraduate work at the University of London and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, which he attended as a British Council exchange student. While a teacher at Mill Hill School in the 1980s Rady wrote several books for sixth-formers, including *Emperor Charles V* (Longman, 1987). He moved to SSEES in 1990, where he had previously completed his PhD, publishing books and articles primarily on the history of Romania and Hungary. His principal academic interest is Hungarian legal history and the translation of medieval Latin texts. In retirement, he has published books aimed at the popular market, *The Habsburgs: The Rise and Fall of a World Power* (2020) and *The Middle Kingdoms: A New History of Central Europe* (2023). From 1998 to 2020 he was General Editor of *The Slavonic and East European Review*. In 2004 he was made an Honorary Life Member of the Modern Humanities Research Association. He was appointed Professor of Central European History in 2004 and awarded the established Masaryk Chair in 2015. He holds honorary doctorates from the Károli Gaspar University in Budapest and the Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu in Romania.
## Publications
Rady\'s publications include:
- *Medieval Buda: A Study of Municipal Government and Jurisdiction in the Kingdom of Hungary* (East European Monographs, 1985).
- *The Netherlands: Revolt and Independence, 1550-1650* (Hodder & Stoughton, 1987) (Access to History series); renamed *From Revolt to Independence: The Netherlands, 1550-1650* (1990)
- *Emperor Charles V* (Longman, 1988) (Seminar Studies in History series)
- *France: Renaissance, Religion and Recovery, 1494-1610* (Hodder & Stoughton, 1989) (Access to History series)
- *Russia, Poland and the Ukraine 1462-1725* (Hodder & Stoughton, 1990) (Access to History series); renamed *The Tsars, Russia, Poland and the Ukraine*
- *Romania in Turmoil: A Contemporary History* (IB Tauris, 1992)
- (ed. with Peter J.S. Duncan) *Towards a New Community: Culture and Politics in Post- Totalitarian Europe* (SSEES and LitVerlag, 1993)
- (joint author) *Cultural Atlas of the Renaissance* (Prentice-Hall/Time-Life, 1993)
- *Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary* (Palgrave, 2000)
- *Customary Law in Hungary: Courts, Texts, and the Tripartitum* (OUP, 2015)
- (ed. with László Péter and P. Sherwood) *\'Lajos Kossuth Sent Word\...\' Papers delivered on the occasion of the bicentenary of Kossuth\'s Birth* (SSEES, 2003)
- (ed.) *Custom and Law in Central Europe* (Cambridge Centre for European Law, 2003)
- (ed. with László Péter) *British-Hungarian Relations Since 1848* (SSEES, 2004)
- (ed. & trans with J. Bak and P. Banyo): *Werbőczy, The Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary: A Work in Three Parts (the Tripartitum)* (CEU and Schlacks, Budapest and Idyllwild, 2005)
- (ed
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# Daniel Stephan
**Daniel Stephan** (born 3 August 1973) is a retired German handball player. He was named IHF World player of the year in 1998.
Born in Rheinhausen, he was a member of the German national handball team from 1995, winning the 2004 European Men\'s Handball Championship. He retired in 2005, after an injury series not wanting to end, which had let him never take part at a World Men\'s Handball Championship. Stephan was the World Player of the Year 1998 and the German handball player of the years 1997 to 1999.
In the Bundesliga Stephan played for OSC Rheinhausen until 1994, when he changed to TBV Lemgo where he played until 2008. With Lemgo, he has won the National Cup of Germany in 1995, 1997 and 2002, the National Championship of Germany in 1997 and 2003, the EHF Cup in 2006 as well as the EHF Cup Winner\'s Cup in 1996.
On April 5th 2005 in a match against HSG Wetzlar he scored 11 penalties out of 11 attempts, which is a Bundesliga record.
He is considered part of the Lemgo \'golden generation\' together with Volker Zerbe, Christian Schwarzer, Florian Kehrmann and Stefan Kretzschmar, who won the European Championship together
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# Piatus of Tournai
**Piatus of Tournai** (also **Piaton**, **Platon**, **Piat**, **Piato**) (died c. 286) was a Belgian saint. He was a native of Benevento, Italy, and is traditionally said to have been sent by the pope to evangelize the cities of Chartres and Tournai. Tradition also states that he was ordained by Dionysios the Areopagite. He was martyred under Maximian by having the top of his skull sliced off. He may be recognized in depictions holding the sliced portion of his skull. Eligius later discovered Piatus\' relics and made a reliquary for them.
Some of his relics can be found at Chartres Cathedral.
## Gallery
Image:Tournai - Eglise Saint-Piat.jpg\|Church of Saint-Piat, Tournai Image:Chartres Chorapsiden.jpg\|Chapel of Saint-Piat, Chartres Cathedral Image:Chartres 06
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# 1872 in Ireland
Events from the year **1872 in Ireland**.
## Events
- Party Processions Acts repealed.
- Summer -- about 30,000 Nationalists hold a demonstration at Hannahstown near Belfast, campaigning for the release of Fenian prisoners, but leading to another series of riots between Catholics and Protestants in the city.
- 23 November -- 1872 Londonderry City by-election, the first Irish election to the Parliament of the UK held by secret ballot. The seat is won from the Liberal Party by the Irish Conservative Party\'s Charles Lewis.
- Ulster Hospital for Women and Sick Children is opened in Chichester Street, Belfast.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- Samuel Ferguson publishes his long poem *Congal*.
- Sheridan Le Fanu publishes his short-story collection *In a Glass Darkly* including the vampire novella *Carmilla*.
- Charles Lever publishes his last novel *Lord Kilgobbin*, \"a tale of Ireland in our own time\" (serialisation concludes and publication in book form).
## Sport
## Births
- 14 February -- Tom Ross, cricketer (died 1947).
- 31 March -- Arthur Griffith, founder and third leader of Sinn Féin, served as President of Dáil Éireann (died 1922).
- 26 April -- William Cunningham Deane-Tanner, *later* William Desmond Taylor, film director in United States (murdered 1922).
- 13 June -- Blayney Hamilton, cricketer (died 1946).
- 4/7 July -- John J. O\'Kelly, politician, author and publisher, president of the Gaelic League and Sinn Féin (died 1957).
- 16 July -- George Henry Morris, soldier, first commanding officer to lead an Irish Guards battalion into battle (killed in action 1914).
- 23 July -- John J. McGrath, Democrat U.S. Representative from California (died 1951).
- 13 August -- Robert Johnston, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1899 at the Battle of Elandslaagte, South Africa (died 1950).
- 4 September -- James Magee, cricketer (died 1949).
- 23 September -- Dan Comyn, cricketer (died 1949).
- 20 October -- Seán O\'Mahony, Sinn Féin MP (died 1934).
- 24 October -- Peter O\'Connor, athlete (born in Millom, England) (died 1957)
- 13 November -- John M. Lyle, architect in Canada (died 1945).
- 28 November -- Ethel Hobday, pianist (died 1947).
- Undated -- Patrick R. Chalmers, writer (died 1942).
## Deaths
- 22 January -- Valentine McMaster, Scottish military surgeon, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1857 at the Siege of Lucknow, India (born 1834 in British India).
- 8 February -- Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo, statesman, three times Chief Secretary for Ireland, Viceroy of India, assassinated (born 1822).
- 1 June -- Charles Lever, novelist (born 1806).
- 18 October -- Michael O\'Connor, first Catholic Bishop of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, first Catholic Bishop of Erie, Jesuit (born 1810).
- 23 November -- Joseph Ward, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1858 at Gwalior, India (born 1832).
- 6 December -- James Byrne, recipient of the Victoria Cross (born 1822).
Full date unknown
:\*Anne Elizabeth Ball, phycologist (born 1808).
:\*Robert Patterson, businessman and naturalist (born 1802)
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# Lavendon Castle
**Lavendon Castle** stood to the north of the village of Lavendon, Buckinghamshire, England.52 10 47.7 N 0 39 31.8 W display=title
A motte or ringwork and bailey were mentioned in a pipe roll of 1192--3. It was probably built by a member of the Bidun family, and later belonged to the Pevers. The motte was destroyed in 1944 when much 12th-century pottery was found. The castle is believed to have been destroyed around the 1530s. A farmhouse and garden terracing built in the 17th century have effectively destroyed the former mound and today only earthworks remain
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| 0 |
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# Gravity model of migration
The **gravity model of migration** is a model in urban geography derived from Newton\'s law of gravity, and used to predict the degree of migration interaction between two places. In 1941, astrophysicist John Q. Stewart applied Newton\'s law to the social sciences, establishing a theoretical foundation for the field of social physics. He recognized that the law of gravity could be used to explain demographic phenomena by examining empirical patterns related to distance in social interactions. This insight paved the way for further exploration of how physical principles could model social dynamics.
## Overview
When used geographically, the words \'bodies\' and \'masses\' are replaced by \'locations\' and \'importance\' respectively, where importance can be measured in terms of population numbers, gross domestic product, or other appropriate variables. The gravity model of migration is therefore based upon the idea that as the importance of one or both of the location increases, there will also be an increase in movement between them. The farther apart the two locations are, however, the movement between them will be less. This phenomenon is known as distance decay.
The gravity model can be used to estimate:
- Traffic flow
- Migration between two areas
- The number of people likely to use one central place
The gravity model can also be used to determine the sphere of influence of each central place by estimating where the breaking point between the two settlements will be. An example of this is the point at which customers find it preferable, because of distance, time and expense considerations, to travel to one center rather than the other.
The gravity model can be used to measure accessibility to services (e.x., access to health care). A special case of gravity model is the two-step floating catchment area method (2SFCA), which is popular in health care research.
The gravity model was expanded by William J. Reilly in 1931 into Reilly\'s law of retail gravitation to calculate the breaking point between two places where customers will be drawn to one or another of two competing commercial centers.
Opponents of the gravity model explain that it can not be confirmed scientifically, that it\'s only based on observation. They also state that the gravity model is an unfair method of predicting movement because its biased toward historic ties and toward the largest population centers. Thus, it can be used to perpetuate the status quo.
## Literature
-
- Rodrigue, J.-P., Comtois, C., Slack, B. (2009). *The Geography of Transport Systems*. London, New York: Routledge. `{{ISBN|978-0-415-48324-7}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Louis Auguste Benoist
**Louis Auguste Benoist** (1803--1867) was an American pioneer banker and financier.
He was born August 13, 1803, in St. Louis, Missouri, then a French settlement in Louisiana, and soon to become a possession of the United States under the Louisiana Purchase. His father, François Marie Benoist, and his mother\'s father, Charles Sanguinet, came from prominent families and were instrumental in laying the foundations for St. Louis.
## Education
After devoting two years to the study of medicine under one of the pioneer physicians of the city, Benoist undertook the study of law in the office of Horatio Cozzens and became licensed to practice in the legal profession. Thereafter, he entered into practice in partnership with well-known attorney and conveyancer, Pierre Provenchere.
## Early career {#early_career}
Once, returning from an extended trip to France to settle his grandfather\'s estate, Benoist\'s ship was wrecked in the Bay of Biscay, north of Spain, an area noted for its storms. He narrowly escaped death and months would pass before he was able to obtain passage on another vessel bound for America.
## Banking
After his return home, Benoist developed an interest in financial affairs and he abandoned his legal practice in favor of brokerage and real estate. He soon built a thriving business and by 1838 his financial operations had grown to such an extent that he established a branch banking house in New Orleans under the name of Benoist & Hackney, and later under the name of Benoist, Shaw & Co. Both the parent house and the New Orleans branch were regarded as leading financial institutions of the Southwest and did a large business until 1842. Around this time, financial panic Panic of 1837 gripped the country and the St. Louis house was compelled to temporarily suspend operations. Very soon, however, Benoist\'s financial expertise enabled him to overcome his challenges and he opened the doors of his bank. His depositors were paid what was due them at ten percent interest for the time their funds had been tied up. He is quoted with his characteristic brevity in a story about him in the *St. Louis Star and Times*, dated May 30, 1933: \"Louis A. Benoist & Company will pay on demand.\" [1](http://www.prophotodallas.com/benoist/star.htm) Due to his integrity, he resumed his banking operations with a stronger hold than ever upon public confidence and esteem. *The Encyclopedic History of St. Louis* wrote of him: \"It may truly be said of him that he was not only one of the great Western financiers of his day and generation, but was a remarkably progressive man in every respect. During the financial panic of 1857, when banking-houses were failing all over the United States, his bank weathered the storm, its resources unquestioned, his honor and fidelity to the trust reposed in him being regarded by the public as a guarantee of the stability of the institution of which he was the head.\"
Benoist died of cholera while traveling in Cuba in 1867, and was buried at Calvary Cemetery in St. Louis. He left an estate valued at more than five million dollars.
L. A. Benoist\'s home, The Oakland House, is today a historical site owned and operated by The Affton Historical Society
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# Susan von der Lippe
**Susan von der Lippe** (née **Susan Gerard Rapp** on July 5, 1965) was an American competition swimmer for Stanford University, a 1984 Olympic gold and silver medalist, and a United States Masters world record-holder in multiple events.
## Early swimming {#early_swimming}
Rapp was born in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, on July 5, 1965 to parents Edward and Trudy Rapp. In 1973, at the age of eight she began training and competing as part of Starlit Aquatic Club in Fairfax, Virginia and continued through the early 1980\'s. She grew up in Alexandria, Virginia, close to Fairfax\'s Starlit Aquatic where her primary coach was Holger Dietz. She and her three sisters swam in the program at one point, and though the pools were not especially modern or accommodating, the program produced a number of exceptional swimmers and was a premier club. Starlit featured a weight room and both a 25-yard and 50-meter pool, but folded in the 1980\'s due to financial issues that resulted in maintenance problems with the facilities. Susan\'s older sister Betsy, who swam for Starlit, would later swim for Stanford, and her sister Kris was also a swimmer.
The family moved to Minnesota in Fall, 1982, when her father, Edward, received a military transfer, and in 1983, she graduated from Eden Prairie High School, in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. In Eden Prairie, she swam for the Eden Prairie Foxjets U.S. Swimming Club under Coach Dave Storer. The family moved away from Minnesota in 1985, and settled in Colorado, though Susan had started her studies at Stanford by the Fall of 1983.
## 1980 Olympic trials {#olympic_trials}
On July 31, 1980, at the U.S. Swimming Nationals and Olympic Trials in Irvine, California, while swimming for Starlit Aquatic Club at the age of 15, she placed third in the 200-meter breaststroke with a time of 2:35.08, though first place finisher Tracy Caulkins, in a tie with Terri Baxter, finished only around half a second ahead of her. Rapp placed third in the 100-meter breaststroke with a 1:12.93 once again behind Tracy Caulkins and Baxter. Her sisters Jenny and Betsy also competed in stroke events at the trials, but were not selected for the U.S. Olympic team.
Though she qualified for the 1980 Olympic games in Moscow, Rapp was unable to compete due to the United States-led boycott of the Olympic games hosted by the Soviet Union.
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# Susan von der Lippe
## Stanford University {#stanford_university}
Beginning in the fall of 1983, she attended Stanford University, on a swimming scholarship where she swam for the Stanford Cardinal swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and Pacific-10 Conference competition. Von der Lippe won NCAA titles in the 200-yard breaststroke in both 1984 and 1987. Diverse in her stroke skills, in 1986 she won an NCAA title in the 200-yard individual medley. At Stanford, Rapp received varsity letters in swimming in 1984 and from 1986--88, as she did not swim in 1985. She served as Captain from 1987--88, and captured a total of four NCAA titles during her career at Stanford, which consisted of three individual and one relay title. She was a Pac-10 Conference champion six times. During her collegiate swimming career, she was mentored by Hall of Fame Coach George Haines who coached the Stanford Women\'s team from around 1982-1988, and started the Santa Clara Swim Club, an exceptional age group program, in 1951. By 1988, she earned a Masters Degree in Sociology from Stanford.
Her most widely publicized international title was at the 1983 Pan Pacific Games in Venezuela where she won a bronze medal in the 200-meter Individual Medley with a time of 2:18.76, and a silver in the 200-meter butterfly with a time of 2:39.91 . She also competed at the 1986 World Championships.
After completing her time at Stanford, she married Paul Von Der Lipp, moved to Colorado, and began a career in marketing. After her children were born, she focused on a career as a homemaker, though her considerable focus on high level training with United States Masters Swimming also consumed some of her time. Returning to work by 1999, she served as a marketing manager for Colorado Time Systems.
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# Susan von der Lippe
## 1984 Olympic gold and silver medals {#olympic_gold_and_silver_medals}
At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, she had significant success. She won a silver medal for her second-place performance in the women\'s 200-meter breaststroke, with a time of 2:31.15, finishing only .77 seconds behind the first place Canadian, Ann Ottenbrite who won Canada\'s first gold medal in swimming. Rapp moved up from sixth place in the early race, and in the last lap moved from third to second.
She earned a gold medal at the 84 Olympics by swimming for the winning U.S. team in the preliminary heats of the women\'s 4×100-meter medley relay. The Dutch team, a close rival, was eliminated in a preliminary round due to a disqualification when a member started before their teammate had fully finished their leg and touched the wall. Another close rival, the Australian team, were disqualified in a preliminary round for the same reason. The U.S. team led from the first leg, winning in a combined time of 4:08.34, to finish ahead of second-place West Germany by 3.5 seconds, a significant margin.
In individual competition, she finished seventh in the final of the women\'s 100-meter breaststroke, recording a time of 1:11.45.
In 1985, von der Lippe had surgery on both knees, due to inflamed ligaments largely from the rigors of breaststroke training and competition, but was able to make the U.S. World Championship team in 1986, after a year of recovery.
### 1988 Olympics
At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, Rapp competed in the B Final of the women\'s 200-meter breaststroke, finishing thirteenth overall with a time of 2:32.90.
### 2008 Olympic trials {#olympic_trials_1}
At the age of 42 while swimming for the Loveland Swim Club in Loveland, Colorado, a part of Colorado Masters, von der Lippe qualified for the 2008 U.S. Olympic Trials in the 100-meter breaststroke and 100-meter butterfly. She met the immediate requirements for making the trials at the age of 40, at the Western Region Long Course Championships on July 16, 2005, where she swam a 1:12.49 in the 100 breaststroke, .01 seconds below the Olympic qualifying time, and a world record time for her age group. At the age of 40, she become the oldest person at the time to qualify for the U.S. Olympic Swimming trials. Her prior 100-meter breaststroke time which qualified her for the 1980 Olympics at age 15 was remarkably a half a second slower than the time she swam to qualify for the 2008 Olympics at age 50.
In the 90\'s, Rapp raised a family, trained, and instructed at a few swim clinics that often featured other Olympians, including one in June, 1994, in Ocala, Florida, where she teamed with Olympians Jill Johnson and Sean Killion. In August 1999, she served as an instructor at a U.S. Swimming Gold Medal Clinic in Missoula, Montana. In July 2021, she welcomed guests and signed autographs with other Olympians at the official July opening of the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Museum in Colorado Springs, Colorado. She instructed at another USA Gold Medal Swimming Clinic in McAllen, Texas in August 2000.
Returning to the workforce, in 2018 Von der Lippe worked with SwimLabs in Fort Collins, Colorado, where she taught young swimmers to swim, and provided competitive lessons. She operated her own marketing company, www.igbbmarketing.com.
### U.S. Masters Swimming {#u.s._masters_swimming}
, von der Lippe holds 61 individual U.S. Masters Swimming pool records, across the 35--39, 40--44 and 45--49 age groups. She holds Masters World records in breaststroke, butterfly, and individual medley in the 40--44 and 45--49 age groups. Showing exceptional dominance and stroke diversity in December 2005, at the age of 40 she set U.S. Masters\'s world record age group marks, in the 50 meter, 100 meter and 200-meter events. She also set world records in the 50 and 100-meter fly, and came close to setting records in the 100 free, 200 fly and 100 IM.
### Honors
von der Lippe was inducted in the Stanford University Athletic Hall of Fame in April, 2020
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# John Mills (entrepreneur)
**John Mills** (1806 -- 1889), entrepreneur and amateur astronomer, was a manufacturer of Linen and twine in the city of Dundee. As a young man and a member of the Original session Kirk, he had been greatly influenced by the Reverend Thomas Dick, philosopher and author of a number of books on Astronomy and Christian Philosophy. Rev. Dick attempted to harmonize science and religion, and believed that the greatness of God could best be appreciated by the study of astronomy, to which he devoted his life after a period as an ordained minister at Methven. He advocated that every city should have public parks, public libraries and a public observatory. Inspired by Rev. Thomas Dick, he built his own private observatory on the slopes of Dundee Law, near what is now Adelaide Place. An old print still exists showing the ruins of the building minus its dome. One of John Mills\' telescope is still on display in the Visitor Centre attached to the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh
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10,017,613 |
# Greg L. Adams
**Greg L. Adams** (born February 6, 1952) was the Speaker of the Nebraska Legislature from 2013 to 2015.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
He was born in Columbus, Nebraska on February 6, 1952. He received a B.A. in Education from Wayne State College in 1974 and an M.Ed. from Wayne State in 1975. In 1976 he became a high school teacher in American government and economics in the York, Nebraska public schools.
## Political experience {#political_experience}
He served on the York City Council from 1986 to 1996, and became Mayor of York in 1996.
He was elected to the Legislature in 2006 serving Nebraska\'s 24th legislative district. He served as chairman of the Education Committee and a member of the Revenue committee; Committee On Committees; Developmental Disabilities Special Investigative committee; Education Commission of the States committee; Legislature\'s Planning Committee; and the Midwestern Higher Education Compact Commission.
He became the Speaker of the Legislature in 2013 when Mike Flood retired due to term limits. As Speaker he did not serve on standing committees, but was a member of the Executive Board and several other boards within the Legislature.
Due to term limits, he did not seek re-election to the Legislature in 2014. He was succeeded as Speaker by Galen Hadley
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# Billy Jack Haskins
**Billy Jack Haskins** is a former American football quarterback for the University of Kentucky from 1993 through 1996.
Haskins won the Kentucky \"Mr. Football\" Award as a senior at Paducah Tilghman High School in 1992. At graduation, he had passed for more yardage than any player in Kentucky high school history.
At Kentucky during his sophomore year Haskins beat out incumbent starter Jeff Speedy during the 1995 season, starting the final nine of Kentucky\'s eleven games. That year, he completed 60.4% of his passes (a school record at the time) for 1,176 yards and four touchdowns. His 47-yard touchdown run against Tennessee in which he broke several tackles gave Kentucky a 31--27 lead and won multiple \"Play of the Year\" awards.
During the 1996 season, Haskins began splitting playing time with highly regarded freshman Tim Couch.
After the 1996 season Kentucky head coach Bill Curry was fired and replaced by Hal Mumme. Mumme installed a pass-oriented offense and announced that Couch would be the starting quarterback. Haskins transferred to the University of Rhode Island to finish his playing career.
## After football {#after_football}
As of 2019, Haskins has worked as an investment advisor in Alabama for 15 years. He is married and has 2 children
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10,017,664 |
# Gorham High School (Maine)
**Gorham High School**, is a public high school located in Gorham, Maine, United States. It houses grades 9--12. The school, in its current building, opened in 1959 and was renovated in 1971-72 and from 1993-1995.
The current principal is Brian Jandreau, with Christina Cifelli and Marc Sawyer serving as assistant principals. It usually enrolls around 800-870 students per year.
## Athletics
Gorham High School is in Class A and B in the athletic classes in Maine. The school offers Alpine Skiing, Baseball, Basketball, Cheerleading, Cross Country, Field Hockey, Football, Golf, Ice Hockey, Indoor & Outdoor Track, Lacrosse, Soccer, Softball, Swimming, Tennis, Volleyball and Wrestling (as a Co-Op with Scarborough). The Athletic Director is Timothy Spear
| 120 |
Gorham High School (Maine)
| 0 |
10,017,667 |
# Jenna Johnson
**Jenna Leigh Johnson** (born September 11, 1967) is an American former competition swimmer and Olympic gold medalist.
As a 16-year-old, Johnson represented the United States at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. She won three medals: a gold medal in the women\'s 4×100-meter freestyle relay, a gold medal in the 4×100-meter medley relay, and a silver medal in the 100-meter butterfly.
She attended and swam for Ursuline High School in Santa Rosa her freshman and sophomore years. She swam for the Santa Rosa Neptunes Swim Club in Santa Rosa from age 12-15. She is an alumna of Whittier Christian High School, where in 1984 she set the national record of 53.95 seconds in the 100-yard butterfly and the D1 record of 23.07 seconds in the 50-yard freestyle. While living in Southern California, she trained at the Industry Hills Aquatic Club in the City of Industry, California. She received an athletic scholarship to attend Stanford University, where she swam for the Stanford Cardinal swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and Pacific-10 Conference competition. As a 19-year-old, she received the Honda Sports Award for Swimming and Diving, recognizing her as the outstanding college female swimmer of the year in 1985--86, was a runner-up for the award the following year and won again in 1988--89.
Johnson made Rivals.com\'s list for the \"Top 100 Female Athletes In State History
| 234 |
Jenna Johnson
| 0 |
10,017,688 |
# Hyperwords
**Hyperwords** or **liquid information** refers to text that can be sent to programs or services (such as emails, dictionaries, online translators) through a simple set of commands. It is a selection-based interface which can be used for references, searches, blogging, emailing, copying, conversions and language translation.
The project grew out of a research project at University College London. It was taken on by *The Hyperwords Company*, renamed to *The Liquid Information Company* in 2012, where it was then developed and maintained from its London, UK offices until its dissolution in 2014. Frode Hegland was the head of the company. The original development of Liquid (OS X) was by Daoxin Z. in China, followed by Konstantin R. (TIANI Studio) in Poland and Zuzex in Russia.
The company\'s advisory board included Douglas Engelbart, Ted Nelson, Vint Cerf, Dave Farber, Bruce Horn and Douglas Rushkoff.
## Browser extensions {#browser_extensions}
The concept has been implemented as a server plug-in and as a plug-in for the Firefox, Flock, Chrome and Safari web browsers.
### Liquid Browser {#liquid_browser}
The Liquid Browser add-ons for Firefox, Chrome, and Safari were developed by Mikhail S. and Alex V. in Russia, and Tobias H. in Germany, until it was discontinued
| 202 |
Hyperwords
| 0 |
10,017,692 |
# Royal warrant of precedence
A **royal warrant of precedence** is a warrant issued by the monarch of the United Kingdom to determine precedence amongst individuals or organisations.
Most warrants of this type are issued to grant a rank to a member of the nobility or gentry that they would normally have enjoyed when their relative (usually their sibling) inherits a title, but failed to assume automatically due to such circumstances as the death of their father (see courtesy title). The warrants are usually issued to the following effect:
Below is a list of such warrants in descending order of rank (note: the Orders of Precedence for males and females are separate from one another):
## Younger son of a duke {#younger_son_of_a_duke}
Date Warrant in favour of Sibling of
------ --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
1817 Henry Howard-Molyneux-Howard Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk
1846 James Charles Plantagenet Murray George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl
1858 William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire
1859 George Osborne, 8th Duke of Leeds
1865 Charles Greatheed Bertie Percy George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland
1872 Francis Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford
1880 William Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of Portland
1884 Arthur Charles Wellesley Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington
1908 Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire
1936 John Percy Samuel FitzRoy Charles FitzRoy, 10th Duke of Grafton
1963 Robert George Grosvenor Gerald Grosvenor, 4th Duke of Westminster
1975 Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk
1977 Victor Frederick William Cavendish-Bentinck Ferdinand Cavendish-Bentinck, 8th Duke of Portland
## Younger son of a marquess {#younger_son_of_a_marquess}
Date Warrant in favour of Sibling of
------ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
1809 William O\'Brien, 2nd Marquess of Thomond
1817 Patrick Crichton-Stuart John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute
1831 N/A (illegitimate child of King William IV)
1836 Douglas Gordon-Hallyburton George Gordon, 9th Marquess of Huntly
1837 Charles Douglas, 6th Marquess of Queensberry
1846 Archibald Kennedy, 2nd Marquess of Ailsa
1856 George Osborne Townshend John Townshend, 4th Marquess Townshend
1871 William Frederick Ernest Seymour Francis Seymour, 5th Marquess of Hertford
1896 George Herbert Loftus John Loftus, 5th Marquess of Ely
1906 Victor William Paget Charles Paget, 6th Marquess of Anglesey
1907 Frederick Hervey, 4th Marquess of Bristol
1917 Leopold Arthur Louis Mountbatten Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Carisbrooke
1917 (Albert) Edward Wilfred, Count Gleichen N/A (son of Prince Victor of Hohenlohe-Langenburg)
1937 Douglas Gordon, 12th Marquess of Huntly
1941 John Andrew Christopher Kerr Peter Kerr, 12th Marquess of Lothian
1953 Ulick Browne Denis Browne, 10th Marquess of Sligo
1970 Timothy Guy Paulet Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester
1973 George Robert Tottenham Charles Tottenham, 8th Marquess of Ely
1977 Desmond Clive Chichester Dermot Chichester, 7th Marquess of Donegall
| 439 |
Royal warrant of precedence
| 0 |
10,017,692 |
# Royal warrant of precedence
## Younger son of an earl {#younger_son_of_an_earl}
Date Warrant in favour of Sibling of
------ ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1808 Francis Henry Egerton John Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater
1818 Henry Talbot Leeson Joseph Leeson, 4th Earl of Milltown
1822 Francis William Grant-Ogilvy Ludovick Ogilvy-Grant, 5th Earl of Seafield
1832 John Hely-Hutchinson, 3rd Earl of Donoughmore
1833 Henry Duncan Robert Haldane-Duncan, 1st Earl of Camperdown
1835 George Henry Talbot John Talbot, 16th Earl of Shrewsbury
1835 George Douglas, 17th Earl of Morton
1835 Thomas Peregrine Courtenay William Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon
1836 Charles Yorke, 4th Earl of Hardwicke
1837 Philip Gore, 4th Earl of Arran
1837 William Cavendish, 2nd Earl of Burlington (later 7th Duke of Devonshire)
1837 William Hare, 2nd Earl of Listowel
1838 Oliver George Lambart Frederick Lambart, 8th Earl of Cavan
1839 George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon
1839 Arthur Capell, 6th Earl of Essex
1840 Lionel Tollemache, 8th Earl of Dysart
1841 Daniel Heneage Finch-Hatton George Finch-Hatton, 10th Earl of Winchilsea
1842 John Crichton, 3rd Earl Erne
1847 Claude Lyon-Bowes Thomas Lyon-Bowes, 12th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
1847 George Butler-Danvers, 5th Earl of Lanesborough
1855 N/A (sons of James Carnegie, 5th Baronet, posthumously recognized as Earl of Southesk)
1856 Richard Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork
1857 George Skene Duff James Duff, 5th Earl Fife
1859 George Baillie-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Haddington
1861 Dudley North, 7th Earl of Guilford
1862 George Herbert, 13th Earl of Pembroke
1864 Henry William Caulfeild James Caulfeild, 3rd Earl of Charlemont
1866 Charles Henry Danvers Butler John Butler, 6th Earl of Lanesborough
1866 James Augustus Erskine Walter Erskine, 12th Earl of Kellie
1868 Everard Henry Primrose Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery
1870 Cecil Ralph Howard Charles Howard, 5th Earl of Wicklow
1872 William Lowther Henry Lowther, 3rd Earl of Lonsdale
1873 Lawrence Dundas, 3rd Earl of Zetland (later 1st Marquess of Zetland)
1874 George Ramsay, 12th Earl of Dalhousie
1880 Francis Needham, 3rd Earl of Kilmorey
1884 Henry Scudamore-Stanhope, 9th Earl of Chesterfield
1885 George Thomas Maitland Frederick Maitland, 13th Earl of Lauderdale
1889 Arthur Edward Dalzell Robert Dalzell, 11th Earl of Carnwath
1890 John William Harris Edward Harris, 4th Earl of Malmesbury
1890 Alexander Edmond FitzMaurice Edmond FitzMaurice, 7th Earl of Orkney
1890 William Temple-Gore-Langton, 4th Earl Temple of Stowe
1892 David Boyle, 7th Earl of Glasgow
1893 Randolph de Vere Capell George Capell, 7th Earl of Essex
1897 Edmund Archibald Stuart, 15th Earl of Moray
1897 Beauchamp Scott, 6th Earl of Clonmell
1898 Robert Julian Orde Jocelyn William Jocelyn, 6th Earl of Roden
1899 William Murray, 5th Earl of Mansfield
1900 Francis Montagu-Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, 2nd Earl of Wharncliffe
1904 Charles Courtenay, 14th Earl of Devon
1918 Charles William Baillie-Hamilton George Baillie-Hamilton, 12th Earl of Haddington
1923 Granville Eliot, 7th Earl of St Germans
1925 Charles Brodrick Amyas Bernard Percy Bernard, 5th Earl of Bandon
1929 Algernon George Mowbray Frederick Howard Gordon Howard, 5th Earl of Effingham
1930 John Bonynge Coventry George Coventry, 10th Earl of Coventry
1935 William Boyle, 12th Earl of Cork
1938 Charles Eaton Kitchener Henry Kitchener, 3rd Earl Kitchener
1941 (Ronald) Stephen Brydges Temple-Gore-Langton Chandos Temple-Gore-Langton, 6th Earl Temple of Stowe
1953 Christian Victor Charles Herbert Edward Herbert, 5th Earl of Powis
1953 Patrick Francis Maitland, Master of Lauderdale Alfred Maitland, 16th Earl of Lauderdale
1954 Anthony George Lowther James Lowther, 7th Earl of Lonsdale
1962 (Arthur Edward) Peter Needham Francis Needham, 5th Earl of Kilmorey
1963 John Parker, 6th Earl of Morley
1967 John William Boyle Patrick Boyle, 13th Earl of Cork
1974 (Michael) Albemarle Bowes-Lyon Fergus Bowes-Lyon, 17th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
1974 Nicholas John Cunliffe-Lister David Cunliffe-Lister, 2nd Earl of Swinton
1991 George Herbert, 7th Earl of Powis
1992 William Hastings-Bass, 17th Earl of Huntingdon
1995 Peter Hugh Charles Stanley Edward Stanley, 19th Earl of Derby
2004 Charles George Yule Balfour Roderick Balfour, 5th Earl of Balfour
2013 Colin David Carnegy Patrick Carnegy, 15th Earl of Northesk
## Younger son of a viscount {#younger_son_of_a_viscount}
Date Warrant in favour of Sibling of
------ ---------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
1836 Edward Ward, 3rd Viscount Bangor
1836 Francis Grosvenor Hood Samuel Hood-Tibbits, 3rd Viscount Hood
1849 Charles Brodrick, 6th Viscount Midleton
1853 Evelyn Boscawen, 6th Viscount Falmouth
1860 William Monk Jervis Carnegie Jervis, 3rd Viscount St Vincent
1860 Charles Francis Xavier Southwell Thomas Southwell, 4th Viscount Southwell
1886 Robert Dundas, 5th Viscount Melville
1892 Richard St Leger, 5th Viscount Doneraile
1894 Marcus Piers Francis Caulfeild James Caulfeild, 7th Viscount Charlemont
1904 Yvo Vesey, 5th Viscount de Vesci
1911 Godfrey Chetwynd, 8th Viscount Chetwynd
1934 Alexander Lambert Hood Samuel Hood, 6th Viscount Hood
1939 (Claude) William Hynman Allenby Dudley Allenby, 2nd Viscount Allenby
1973 Edmund Savile Monckton-Arundell William Monckton-Arundell, 10th Viscount Galway
| 787 |
Royal warrant of precedence
| 1 |
10,017,692 |
# Royal warrant of precedence
## Younger son of a baron/lord of Parliament {#younger_son_of_a_baronlord_of_parliament}
Date Warrant in favour of Sibling of
------ ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1831 Major Jacob Henniker-Major John Henniker-Major, 3rd Baron Henniker
1831 Thomas Norton, 4th Baron Grantley
1834 Mark Somerville, 16th Lord Somerville
1835 Eric Mackay, 7th Lord Reay
1835 George Frederick Hotham Beaumont Hotham, 3rd Baron Hotham
1837 William Almericus de Courcy John de Courcy, 23rd Baron Kingsale
1837 William Crofton Edward Crofton, 2nd Baron Crofton
1841 Charles James Trench Frederick Trench, 2nd Baron Ashtown
1845 George Evans-Freke, 7th Baron Carbery
1847 Henry Wodehouse John Wodehouse, 3rd Baron Wodehouse (later 1st Earl of Kimberley)
1848 Frederick Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 10th Baron Saye and Sele
1850 William James Colville Charles Colville, 10th Lord Colville of Culross (later 1st Viscount Colville of Culross)
1850 Rowland Winn Charles Allanson-Winn, 3rd Baron Headley
1850 William Orde-Powlett, 3rd Baron Bolton
1854 Alexander Fraser, 18th Lord Saltoun
1855 Henry Prittie, 3rd Baron Dunalley
1857 Henry Willoughby, 8th Baron Middleton
1858 William Constable-Maxwell, 10th Lord Herries of Terregles
1859 Kenelm Henry Digby Edward Digby, 9th Baron Digby
1859 Charles Pierrepont D\'Arcy Lane-Fox Sackville Lane-Fox, 12th Baron Conyers
1861 William Elphinstone, 15th Lord Elphinstone
1862 Lucius O\'Brien, 13th Baron Inchiquin
1867 Henry Aylmer Udolphus Aylmer, 7th Baron Aylmer
1870 Francis Rice, 5th Baron Dynevor
1870 James Sandilands, 12th Baron Torphichen
1870 Francis Spring Rice Thomas Spring Rice, 2nd Baron Monteagle of Brandon
1871 John Hotham Charles Hotham, 4th Baron Hotham
1873 John Yarde-Buller, 2nd Baron Churston
1875 Edward Sugden, 2nd Baron Saint Leonards
1877 Frederick Ernest Charles Byron George Byron, 9th Baron Byron
1881 Francis Stonor, 4th Baron Camoys
1883 Hubert Mostyn, 7th Baron Vaux of Harrowden
1884 Henry Richard Howel Lloyd-Mostyn Llewelyn Lloyd-Mostyn, 3rd Baron Mostyn
1887 James Ochoncar Forbes William Forbes-Sempill, 17th Lord Sempill
1887 Thomas Noel Noel-Hill Richard Henry Noel-Hill, 7th Baron Berwick
1888 John James Thomas Cocks Philip Cocks, 5th Baron Somers
1889 Thomas John Wynn William Charles Wynn, 4th Baron Newborough
1889 Frederick Trench, 3rd Baron Ashtown
1891 William Holmes à Court, 3rd Baron Heytesbury
1892 Henry Vane, 9th Baron Barnard
1896 Richard Douglas Denman Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman
1897 Henry Edward Maxwell Somerset Maxwell, 10th Baron Farnham
1901 Charles Joseph Thaddeus Dormer Roland Dormer, 13th Baron Dormer
1902 Cecil Henry Law Edward Law, 5th Baron Ellenborough
1904 George Best, 5th Baron Wynford
1904 Charles John Liddell Arthur Liddell, 5th Baron Ravensworth
1904 Shelley Scarlett, 5th Baron Abinger
1905 Denis Plantagenet Tollemache Bentley Lyonel John Tollemache, 3rd Baron Tollemache
1905 Ernest Beckett, 2nd Baron Grimthorpe
1906 Henry Graves, 5th Baron Graves
1908 Francis Emma Currie Frederick Hotham, 6th Baron Hotham
1910 Lionel Sackville-West, 3rd Baron Sackville
1913 Thomas Borthwick, 1st Baron Whitburgh
1913 Frederic George Morgan Courtenay Morgan, 3rd Baron Tredegar (later 1st Viscount Tredegar)
1913 Francis Fitzherbert-Stafford, 12th Baron Stafford
1917 Robert Disney Leith Alexander Gervase Alexander, 12th Baron Cobham
1920 James Dutton, 6th Baron Sherborne
1921 Henry Kerr Auchmuty Cecil William Cecil, 3rd Baron Amherst of Hackney
1921 Gavin Campbell Alistair Campbell, 4th Baron Stratheden and Campbell
1922 Andrew Nicholas Armstrong Vanneck William Vanneck, 5th Baron Huntingfield
1924 Henry Hotham, 7th Baron Hotham
1929 Henry Rogers Broughton Urban Huttleston Broughton, 1st Baron Fairhaven
1929 Patrick Robin Gilbert Vanden-Bampde-Johnstone George Harcourt Vanden-Bampde-Johnstone, 3rd Baron Derwent
1929 The 3rd Baron O\'Neill
1930 David Allan Bethell Richard Bethell, 4th Baron Westbury
1933 (John) David Fellowes Ailwyn Fellowes, 3rd Baron de Ramsey
1934 Gavin Henderson, 2nd Baron Faringdon
1935 Edward Bellew, 5th Baron Bellew
1937 James Weyland Darling Robert Darling, 2nd Baron Darling
1940 Ronald Orland Lawrence Kay-Shuttleworth Richard Kay-Shuttleworth, 2nd Baron Shuttleworth
1941 Peter Waldo Somerset Gough-Calthorpe Ronald Gough-Calthorpe, 9th Baron Calthorpe
1942 Evelyn Thomas Francis Ralph Fitzherbert Basil Fitzherbert, 14th Baron Stafford
1942 Terence Eden Geoffrey Eden, 7th Baron Auckland
1942 (William) David Gibson Edward Gibson, 3rd Baron Ashbourne
1944 Grey Aldworth Neville Henry Neville, 9th Baron Braybrooke
1944 Richard Dickinson, 2nd Baron Dickinson
1945 Peter Robert Thellusson Charles Thellusson, 8th Baron Rendlesham
1945 Francis Michael Hepburne-Scott Henry Hepburne-Scott, 10th Lord Polwarth
1946 William Hereward Charles Rollo John Rollo, 12th Lord Rollo
1948 Cecil Eustace Irby Greville Irby, 7th Baron Boston
1950 Richard Augustus Sandys Arthur Sandys, 6th Baron Sandys
1950 Cailain Douglas Campbell-Gray Angus Campbell-Gray, 22nd Lord Gray
1951 Christopher Roger Chetwode Philip Chetwode, 2nd Baron Chetwode
1955 William Howarth Vestey Samuel Vestey, 3rd Baron Vestey
1958 Robert Wynn, 6th Baron Newborough
1959 Simon Kenlis Maxwell Barry Maxwell, 12th Baron Farnham
1961 George Christian Darell Jeffreys Mark Jeffreys, 2nd Baron Jeffreys
1963 Richard Towneley Strachey The 4th Baron O\'Hagan
1964 Peter Charles Baillie Michael Baillie, 3rd Baron Burton
1967 Michael Mosley Nicholas Mosley, 3rd Baron Ravensdale
1969 Charles Nall-Cain, 3rd Baron Brocket
1973 Richard Morgan Oliver Stanley Thomas Stanley, 8th Baron Stanley of Alderley
1976 Anthony Paul Irby Gerald Irby, 9th Baron Boston
1983 Simon Russell, 3rd Baron Russell of Liverpool
1987 Charles William du Roy de Blicquy Galbraith Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde
1989 Charles Julian Rea Nicolas Rea, 3rd Baron Rea
1991 Edward Renfric Arundell John Arundell, 10th Baron Talbot of Malahide
1991 Mark Hugh Gordon Palmer Adrian Palmer, 4th Baron Palmer
1997 Charles Henry Kenneth Hopkinson Alisdair Hopkinson, 2nd Baron Colyton
2003 (Ashley) George Ponsonby Rupert Ponsonby, 7th Baron de Mauley
2007 Richard David Borwick Jamie Borwick, 5th Baron Borwick
2008 Philip Morton Douglas-Pennant Simon Douglas-Pennant, 7th Baron Penrhyn (half-brother)
2009 John Lumley-Savile, 4th Baron Savile (half-brother)
2015 Mark Cubitt, 5th Baron Ashcombe
2018 Daniel Mosley, 4th Baron Ravensdale
## Daughter of a duke {#daughter_of_a_duke}
Date Warrant in favour of Sibling of
------ ------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------
1846 George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl
1858 Fanny Howard William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire
1865 Lady Emily Charlotte Drummond George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland
1880 Ottoline Violet Anne Cavendish-Bentinck William Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of Portland
1884 Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington
1896 Alfred Douglas-Hamilton, 13th Duke of Hamilton
1900 Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster
1914 Elspeth Angela Campbell Niall Campbell, 10th Duke of Argyll
1925 Edward Seymour, 16th Duke of Somerset
1931 John FitzRoy, 9th Duke of Grafton
1936 Charles FitzRoy, 10th Duke of Grafton
1947 Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark N/A (daughter of Constantine I of Greece)
1954 Dorothy Alice Margaret Augusta Mack William Grosvenor, 3rd Duke of Westminster
1975 Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk
1977 Venetia Barbara Cavendish-Bentinck Ferdinand Cavendish-Bentinck, 8th Duke of Portland
2002 Francis Egerton, 7th Duke of Sutherland
| 1,068 |
Royal warrant of precedence
| 2 |
10,017,692 |
# Royal warrant of precedence
## Daughter of a marquess {#daughter_of_a_marquess}
Date Warrant in favour of Sibling of
------ ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------
1809 William O\'Brien, 2nd Marquess of Thomond
1831 N/A (illegitimate child of William IV)
1837 Charles Douglas, 6th Marquess of Queensberry
1846 Lady Hannah Eleanor Cathcart Archibald Kennedy, 2nd Marquess of Ailsa
1856 John Townshend, 4th Marquess Townshend
1871 Francis Seymour, 5th Marquess of Hertford
1885 George Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley
1887 Mabel Emily Louisa Brudenell-Bruce George Brudenell-Bruce, 4th Marquess of Ailesbury
1906 Charles Paget, 6th Marquess of Anglesey
1907 Frederick Hervey, 4th Marquess of Bristol
1917 Sylvia Gay, Countess Gleichen N/A (wife of Lord Edward Gleichen)
1917 N/A (sister of Lord Edward Gleichen)
1930 Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian
1940 Margaret Katherine Seymour Hugh Seymour, 8th Marquess of Hertford
1946 Mary Margaret Elizabeth Myddelton George Petty-Fitzmaurice, 8th Marquess of Lansdowne
1953 Denis Browne, 10th Marquess of Sligo
1970 Richard Paulet, 17th Marquess of Winchester
1970 (Angela) Jane Paulet Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester
1970 David Hay, 12th Marquess of Tweeddale
1973 Dora Elizabeth Pink Charles Tottenham, 8th Marquess of Ely
1992 Caroline Sylvia Borg Robin Hill, 8th Marquess of Downshire
2003 Christopher Nevill, 6th Marquess of Abergavenny
2022 Ulicia Catherine Edwards Sebastian Browne, 12th Marquess of Sligo
## Wife of a viscount {#wife_of_a_viscount}
Date Warrant in favour of Deceased husband
------ ---------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
1925 Ethel Rose Hood Maurice Henry Nelson Hood (son of Arthur Hood, 2nd Viscount Bridport)
## Wife of the eldest son of an earl {#wife_of_the_eldest_son_of_an_earl}
Date Warrant in favour of Deceased husband
------ ------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1945 Pamela Margaret Hore-Ruthven (Alexander) Patrick Hardinge Hore-Ruthven (son of Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie)
| 279 |
Royal warrant of precedence
| 3 |
10,017,692 |
# Royal warrant of precedence
## Daughter of an earl {#daughter_of_an_earl}
Date Warrant in favour of Sibling of
------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1789 Cecil Hamilton N/A (granddaughter of James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn)
1808 Amelia Egerton, Lady Hume John Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater
1813 Francis Douglas, 8th Earl of Wemyss
1813 Alice Gordon George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen
1813 William Feilding, 7th Earl of Denbigh
1818 Cecilia Charlotte Leeson Joseph Leeson, 4th Earl of Milltown
1822 Ludovick Ogilvy-Grant, 5th Earl of Seafield
1832 John Hely-Hutchinson, 3rd Earl of Donoughmore
1833 Robert Haldane-Duncan, 1st Earl of Camperdown
1832 George Hobart-Hampden, 5th Earl of Buckinghamshire
1832 Francis North, 6th Earl of Guilford
1835 John Talbot, 16th Earl of Shrewsbury
1835 George Douglas, 17th Earl of Morton
1835 William Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon
1836 Agneta Elizabeth Yorke Charles Yorke, 4th Earl of Hardwicke
1837 Philip Gore, 4th Earl of Arran
1837 Fanny Cavendish (later daughter of a duke 1858) William Cavendish, 2nd Earl of Burlington (later 7th Duke of Devonshire)
1837 William Hare, 2nd Earl of Listowel
1838 Frederick Lambart, 8th Earl of Cavan
1839 Maria Theresa Lister George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon
1839 Arthur Capell, 6th Earl of Essex
1840 Lionel Tollemache, 8th Earl of Dysart
1841 George Finch-Hatton, 10th Earl of Winchilsea
1842 Helena Trench George Perceval, 6th Earl of Egmont
1842 John Crichton, 3rd Earl Erne
1843 Maria Emma Catherine Ponsonby George Coventry, 9th Earl of Coventry
1845 Margaret Henrietta Maria Grey George Grey, 7th Earl of Stamford
1845 William Pery, 2nd Earl of Limerick
1846 Henry Dawson-Damer, 3rd Earl of Portarlington
1847 Frances Lyon-Bowes Thomas Lyon-Bowes, 12th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
1847 Emily Jane Digby George Butler-Danvers, 5th Earl of Lanesborough
1849 Robert Bourke, 5th Earl of Mayo
1853 Lucy Clementina Davis George Drummond, 5th Earl of Perth
1854 Bertram Arthur Talbot, 17th Earl of Shrewsbury
1855 Charlotte Carnegie N/A (daughter of James Carnegie, 5th Baronet, posthumously recognized as Earl of Southesk)
1856 Richard Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork
1857 Richard Lumley, 9th Earl of Scarbrough
1857 James Duff, 5th Earl Fife
1859 Grisel Bailie George Baillie-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Haddington
1861 Fox Maule-Ramsay, 11th Earl of Dalhousie
1861 Flora Mildred North Dudley North, 7th Earl of Guilford
1862 George Herbert, 13th Earl of Pembroke
1864 Margaret Zoe Strong James Caulfeild, 3rd Earl of Charlemont
1865 Maria Georgiana Julia Fox-Strangways Henry Fox-Strangways, 5th Earl of Ilchester
1866 Sophia Elizabeth Mary Dumaresq George Butler-Danvers, 5th Earl of Lanesborough
1866 John Butler, 6th Earl of Lanesborough
1866 Anne Caroline Haskell Walter Erskine, 12th Earl of Kellie
1868 Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery
1870 Charles Howard, 5th Earl of Wicklow
1872 Henry Lowther, 3rd Earl of Lonsdale
1873 Lawrence Dundas, 3rd Earl of Zetland (later 1st Marquess of Zetland)
1874 Annie Finlay Ewart George Ramsay, 12th Earl of Dalhousie
1875 Mary Russell Charles Perceval, 7th Earl of Egmont
1878 Robert Clements, 4th Earl of Leitrim
1880 Francis Needham, 3rd Earl of Kilmorey
1881 William Tollemache, 9th Earl of Dysart
1883 Harry Grey, 8th Earl of Stamford
1885 John Goodeve-Erskine, Earl of Mar
1886 Sidney Hobart-Hampden-Mercer-Henderson, 7th Earl of Buckinghamshire
1889 Robert Dalzell, 11th Earl of Carnwath
1889 Lionel Dawson-Damer, 4th Earl of Portarlington
1890 Edward Harris, 4th Earl of Malmesbury
1890 Isabella Emily Garrett Edmond FitzMaurice, 7th Earl of Orkney
1890 William Temple-Gore-Langton, 4th Earl Temple of Stowe
1892 David Boyle, 7th Earl of Glasgow
1893 George Capell, 7th Earl of Essex
1893 Agnes Alexandrina Anderson Ponsonby Moore, 9th Earl of Drogheda
1895 Victoria Alexandrina Elizabeth Dawnay Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey
1897 Edmund Archibald Stuart, 15th Earl of Moray
1897 Beauchamp Scott, 6th Earl of Clonmell
1898 Norman Leslie, 19th Earl of Rothes
1899 William Murray, 5th Earl of Mansfield
1899 Edward Moore, 6th Earl Mount Cashell
1900 Mary Susan Cayley Francis Montagu-Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, 2nd Earl of Wharncliffe
1902 William Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 7th Earl Fitzwilliam
1904 Charles Courtenay, 14th Earl of Devon
1905 N/A (granddaughters of Cornwallis Maude, 1st Earl de Montalt)
1910 Mary Emily Dew Charles Somerset, 6th Earl of Carrick
1916 Walter Annesley, 7th Earl Annesley
1917 George Montagu, 9th Earl of Sandwich
1917 Countess Anastasia de Torby (Zia, Lady Wernher) N/A (daughter of Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia and wife of Harold Augustus Wernher, 3rd Baronet)
1918 Helen Baillie-Hamilton George Baillie-Hamilton, 12th Earl of Haddington
1920 Delia Mary Hicks Beach Michael Hicks Beach, 2nd Earl St Aldwyn
1921 John Chetwynd-Talbot, 21st Earl of Shrewsbury
1923 Blanche Elizabeth Eaton Granville Eliot, 7th Earl of St Germans
1924 Charles Campbell, 9th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland
1925 Cynthia Lettice Margaret Bernard Percy Bernard, 5th Earl of Bandon
1927 Henry Northcote, 3rd Earl of Iddesleigh
1928 Wilhelmina Joan Mary FitzClarence Geoffrey FitzClarence, 5th Earl of Munster
1928 Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith
1928 Alexandra Rose Alice Towneley-Bertie The 13th Earl of Lindsey and 8th Earl of Abingdon
1930 George Coventry, 10th Earl of Coventry
1935 William Boyle, 12th Earl of Cork
1937 (Helen Christina) Joanna Crane Sholto Douglas, 20th Earl of Morton
1938 Enid Doreen Grace Browne Edward Scudamore-Stanhope, 12th Earl of Chesterfield
1938 Kenya Kitchener Henry Kitchener, 3rd Earl Kitchener
1940 Gervas Pierrepont, 6th Earl Manvers
1941 (Elizabeth) Ann Bathurst Chandos Temple-Gore-Langton, 6th Earl Temple of Stowe
1942 George Milles-Lade, 4th Earl Sondes
1943 Ronald Graham-Toler, 5th Earl of Norbury
1945 Lilian Mary Theodora Austin Roger Lumley, 11th Earl of Scarbrough
1947 Edith Sybil Foxwell N/A (niece of Horace Lambart, 11th Earl of Cavan)
1948 James Sinclair, 19th Earl of Caithness
1950 Edward North, 9th Earl of Guilford
1951 Doreen Stella Gwinnett Galbraith Lowry-Corry, 7th Earl of Belmore
1953 Edward Herbert, 5th Earl of Powis
1953 (Ella) Mary Blumer Alfred Maitland, 16th Earl of Lauderdale
1953 N/A (granddaughters of Ian Maitland, 15th Earl of Lauderdale, and first cousins twice removed of Alfred Maitland, 16th Earl of Lauderdale)
1954 Anne Mary Fane James Lowther, 7th Earl of Lonsdale
1956 Rosemary Verena Edith Villiers George Villiers, 7th Earl of Clarendon
1960 (Winifred) Anne Grizel Cochrane Ian Cochrane, 14th Earl of Dundonald
1961 Elizabeth Georgiana Anson Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield
1962 Frances Mary Elizabeth Ashley-Cooper Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 10th Earl of Shaftesbury
1962 Mary Esther Constance Combe Francis Needham, 5th Earl of Kilmorey
1964 Elizabeth Francis Robert Annesley, 9th Earl Annesley
1967 Elizabeth Theresa Dodd-Noble Patrick Boyle, 13th Earl of Cork
1967 Margaret Isabel Ayre James of Mar, 29th Earl of Mar
1969 Benjamin Guinness, 3rd Earl of Iveagh
1971 Jane Rosamond Mary Foljambe Edward Foljambe, 5th Earl of Liverpool
1972 Jean Douglas Bibby John Carnegie, 12th Earl of Northesk
1974 Fergus Bowes-Lyon, 17th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
1976 Anne Rhoda Marsham Michael Marsham, 7th Earl of Romney
1976 Jemima Rose Yorke Joseph Yorke, 10th Earl of Hardwicke
1977 Diana Merial Moorhouse Anthony Coke, 6th Earl of Leicester
1980 Rose Deidre Margaret Lauritzen Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle
1985 Enid Emma Charlotte Curzon Frederick Curzon, 7th Earl Howe
1985 Katherine Elizabeth Nall-Cain John Palmer, 4th Earl of Selborne
1986 Helen Moncrieff Motteux George Hobart-Hampden, 10th Earl of Buckinghamshire
1990 Jean Mary Babington-Smith John Meade, 7th Earl of Clanwilliam
1991 Elizabeth Barbarina Holden George Herbert, 7th Earl of Powis
1992 Emma Alice Mary Balding William Hastings-Bass, 17th Earl of Huntingdon
1995 Quentin Wallop, 10th Earl of Portsmouth
2000 William Villiers, 10th Earl of Jersey (half-brother of Sophia, brother of others)
2006 Julian Marsham, 8th Earl of Romney
2012 Emma Joy Fellowes (wife of Baron Fellowes of West Stafford (Julian Fellowes)) N/A (niece of Henry Kitchener, 3rd Earl Kitchener)
2013 Daphne Joyce Carnegy Patrick Carnegy, 15th Earl of Northesk
2019 Albert Eliot, 11th Earl of St Germans
## Wife of a baron {#wife_of_a_baron}
Date Warrant in favour of Deceased husband
------ ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1913 Letitia Mary Borthwick Thomas Borthwick, 1st Baronet
1920 Gladys Cecil William Amherst Cecil (son of Mary Cecil, 2nd Baroness Amherst of Hackney)
1921 Alice Susan Campbell John Beresford Campbell (son of Hallyburton Campbell, 3rd Baron Stratheden and Campbell)
1929 Cara Leland Broughton Urban Hanlon Broughton
1955 Pamela Helen Fullerton Melba Vestey William Howarth Vestey (son of Samuel Vestey, 2nd Baron Vestey)
| 1,351 |
Royal warrant of precedence
| 4 |
10,017,692 |
# Royal warrant of precedence
## Daughter of a viscount {#daughter_of_a_viscount}
Date Warrant in favour of Sibling of
------ ------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------
1834 Henry Cary, 8th Viscount Falkland
1836 Edward Ward, 3rd Viscount Bangor
1836 Caroline Gregory Samuel Hood-Tibbits, 3rd Viscount Hood
1836 N/A (niece of Borlase Cokayne, 6th Viscount Cullen)
1837 William Fortescue, 2nd Viscount Clermont
1838 Mary Anne Adams N/A (niece of Borlase Cokayne, 6th Viscount Cullen)
1843 Louisa Bellamy Adam Gordon, 11th Viscount of Kenmure
1849 Charles Brodrick, 6th Viscount Midleton
1853 Evelyn Boscawen, 6th Viscount Falmouth
1855 Henry Butler, 13th Viscount Mountgarret
1860 Caroline Mary Frances Jervis Carnegie Jervis, 3rd Viscount St Vincent
1860 Thomas Southwell, 4th Viscount Southwell
1876 Margaret Letitia de Havilland Samuel Molesworth, 8th Viscount Molesworth
1886 Robert Dundas, 5th Viscount Melville
1886 Byron Cary, 12th Viscount Falkland
1892 Richard St Leger, 5th Viscount Doneraile
1894 Harriet Charlotte Caulfeild James Caulfeild, 7th Viscount Charlemont
1911 Godfrey Chetwynd, 8th Viscount Chetwynd
1914 James Caulfeild, 8th Viscount Charlemont
1914 Richard Assheton Cross, 2nd Viscount Cross
1918 Kathleen Georgina Rait Walter Arbuthnott, 13th Viscount of Arbuthnott
1925 Eileen Sybil Mary Nelson Hood Rowland Hood, 3rd Viscount Bridport
1928 Henry Monck, 6th Viscount Monck
1930 Richard Curzon, 2nd Viscount Scarsdale
1934 Arthur Dillon, 18th Viscount Dillon
1945 Arthur Byng, 10th Viscount Torrington
1950 N/A (half-aunts of Nicholas Lowther, 2nd Viscount Ullswater)
1951 Kirstin Elizabeth Lowther Nicholas Lowther, 2nd Viscount Ullswater
1953 (Diana) Bridget Devereux Robert Devereux, 18th Viscount Hereford
1953 John Goschen, 3rd Viscount Goschen
1973 Rosamond Vere Read William Monckton-Arundell, 10th Viscount Galway
1980 (Christian) Avril Curzon Francis Curzon, 3rd Viscount Scarsdale
1988 Francis FitzRoy Newdegate, 3rd Viscount Daventry
1995 Alastair Akers-Douglas, 4th Viscount Chilston
1996 Robin Bridgeman, 3rd Viscount Bridgeman
2000 Richard Berry, 3rd Viscount Kemsley
## Wife of the eldest son of a baron {#wife_of_the_eldest_son_of_a_baron}
Date Warrant in favour of Deceased husband
------ ---------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1917 Evelyn Maud Chaloner Richard Godolphin Hume Long Chaloner (son of Richard Chaloner, 1st Baron Gisborough)
| 326 |
Royal warrant of precedence
| 5 |
10,017,692 |
# Royal warrant of precedence
## Daughter of a baron/lord of Parliament {#daughter_of_a_baronlord_of_parliament}
Date Warrant in favour of Sibling of
------ ------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1831 Thomas Norton, 4th Baron Grantley
1831 Dame Charlotte Georgiana Bedingfield George Stafford-Jerningham, 8th Baron Stafford
1834 Mark Somerville, 16th Lord Somerville
1835 Eric Mackay, 7th Lord Reay
1837 Catherine Savery de Lisle Beamish John de Courcy, 23rd Baron Kingsale
1837 Edward Crofton, 2nd Baron Crofton
1838 Guy Carleton, 3rd Baron Dorchester
1841 Frederick Trench, 2nd Baron Ashtown
1841 Mary Grey Wills Henry Sandford, 2nd Baron Mount Sandford
1845 Jane Grace Dorothea Bernard George Evans-Freke, 7th Baron Carbery
1847 Anne Pipon Robert Rodney, 6th Baron Rodney
1848 Mary Elizabeth Gisborne Frederick Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 10th Baron Saye and Sele
1850 Charles Colville, 10th Lord Colville of Culross (later 1st Viscount Colville of Culross)
1850 Jane Mary Winn Charles Allanson-Winn, 3rd Baron Headley
1853 Louisa Townsend Robert Verney, 17th Baron Willoughby de Broke
1853 Edward Bootle-Wilbraham, 2nd Baron Skelmersdale (later 1st Earl of Lathom)
1854 Alexander Fraser, 18th Lord Saltoun
1855 Henry Prittie, 3rd Baron Dunalley
1855 William Ponsonby, 3rd Baron Ponsonby of Imokilly
1857 Henry Willoughby, 8th Baron Middleton
1857 Alfred Curzon, 4th Baron Scarsdale
1858 Theresa Clifford William Constable-Maxwell, 10th Lord Herries of Terregles
1859 Sackville Lane-Fox, 12th Baron Conyers
1860 Anne Elizabeth Bontine John Elphinstone, 14th Lord Elphinstone
1861 William Elphinstone, 15th Lord Elphinstone
1862 William Ponsonby, 4th Baron Ponsonby of Imokilly
1862 Lucius O\'Brien, 13th Baron Inchiquin
1867 Amelia Sophia Lloyd Udolphus Aylmer, 7th Baron Aylmer
1870 Francis Rice, 5th Baron Dynevor
1870 Henrietta Anne Bruce N/A (daughter of Robert Bruce, who died before the attainder barring his claim as Lord Balfour of Burleigh was overturned)
1870 Helen Jane Sandilands James Sandilands, 12th Baron Torphichen
1870 Thomas Spring Rice, 2nd Baron Monteagle of Brandon
1870 Robert Windsor-Clive, 7th Baron Windsor (later 1st Earl of Plymouth)
1870 Peter Burrell, 4th Baron Gwydyr
1871 Susan Frances Hotham Charles Hotham, 4th Baron Hotham
1873 John Yarde-Buller, 2nd Baron Churston
1875 Edward Sugden, 2nd Baron Saint Leonards
1876 Maria Louisa Carleton Dudley Carleton, 4th Baron Dorchester
1877 George Byron, 9th Baron Byron
1881 Julia Caroline Stonor Francis Stonor, 4th Baron Camoys
1883 Hubert Mostyn, 7th Baron Vaux of Harrowden
1887 William Forbes-Sempill, 17th Lord Sempill
1887 Richard Henry Noel-Hill, 7th Baron Berwick
1888 Frances Allen Philip Cocks, 5th Baron Somers
1889 William Charles Wynn, 4th Baron Newborough
1889 Frederick Glyn, 4th Baron Wolverton
1889 Frederick Trench, 3rd Baron Ashtown
1891 William Holmes à Court, 3rd Baron Heytesbury
1892 Louisa Henrietta Rennell Henry Vane, 9th Baron Barnard
1893 Charles Barnewall, 18th Baron Trimlestown
1895 James Daly, 4th Baron Dunsandle and Clanconal
1896 Anna Maria Heywood Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman
1897 Somerset Maxwell, 10th Baron Farnham
1901 Rowland John Dormer, 13th Baron Dormer
1901 Mary Selina Noel-Hill Thomas Henry Noel-Hill, 8th Baron Berwick
1902 Ethel Beatrice Law Edward Law, 5th Baron Ellenborough
1904 George Best, 5th Baron Wynford
1904 Ruth Hester Frances Scarlett Shelley Scarlett, 5th Baron Abinger
1904 John Savile, 2nd Baron Savile
1905 Helen Louisa Beckett Ernest Beckett, 2nd Baron Grimthorpe
1906 Henry Graves, 5th Baron Graves
1907 Nan Ino Herbert Auberon Herbert, 9th Baron Lucas
1910 Lionel Sackville-West, 3rd Baron Sackville
1912 Frank Sugden, 3rd Baron Saint Leonards
1913 Thomas Borthwick, 1st Baron Whitburgh
1913 Arthur Crofton, 4th Baron Crofton
1913 Courtenay Morgan, 3rd Baron Tredegar (later 1st Viscount Tredegar)
1913 Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley
1913 Francis Fitzherbert-Stafford, 12th Baron Stafford
1917 Gervase Disney Alexander, 15th Baron Cobham
1920 Mildred Caroline Foley Gerald Foley, 7th Baron Foley
1920 James Dutton, 6th Baron Sherborne
1921 Adelbert Cust, 5th Baron Brownlow
1921 Jean Campbell Alaistair Campbell, 4th Baron Stratheden and Campbell
1922 William Vanneck, 5th Baron Huntingfield
1923 Robert Bewicke-Copley, 5th Baron Cromwell
1924 Henry Hotham, 7th Baron Hotham
1929 Sibyl Buxton The 3rd Baron O\'Neill
1930 Veronica Wenefryde Nefertari Bethell Richard Bethell, 4th Baron Westbury
1931 (Ursula) Moyra Lubbock John Lubbock, 3rd Baron Avebury
1933 Ursula Katharine Hanbury-Tracy Richard Hanbury-Tracy, 6th Baron Sudeley
1933 Diana Rosamond Broughton Ailwyn Fellowes, 3rd Baron de Ramsey
1934 Margaret \"Peggy\" Violet Stockdale Alexander Henderson, 2nd Baron Faringdon
1935 Edward Bellew, 5th Baron Bellew
1937 Charles Gifford, 5th Baron Gifford
1938 Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild
1938 Ernest Denison, 6th Baron Londesborough
1938 Mary Heritage Banbury Charles Banbury, 2nd Baron Banbury of Southam
1939 Pamela Frances Walpole Robert Walpole, 9th Baron Walpole
1940 Rosemary Kay-Shuttleworth Richard Kay-Shuttleworth, 2nd Baron Shuttleworth
1942 Ivy Maude Dawson Geoffrey Eden, 7th Baron Auckland
1942 Edward Gibson, 3rd Baron Ashbourne
1943 Pamela Muriel Dorine Colyer N/A (granddaughter of Hugo Hirst, 1st Baron Hirst)
1944 Henry Neville, 9th Baron Braybrooke
1945 Cynthia Adeline Elizabeth Charles Thellusson, 8th Baron Rendlesham
1946 John Rollo, 12th Lord Rollo
1946 Rosina Lois Veronica MacNamee Thomas Touchet-Jesson, 23rd Baron Audley
1947 Mary Freeman-Grenville, 12th Lady Kinloss
1947 John North, 13th Baron North
1948 Diana Marie Faith Crofton Blaise Crofton, 5th Baron Crofton
1948 Arthur Cocks, 7th Baron Somers
1948 Evelyn Augusta Irby Greville Irby, 7th Baron Boston
1948 David Bailey, 4th Baron Glanusk
1949 Rose Maud Talbot Milo Talbot, 7th Baron Talbot of Malahide
1949 Frances Phoebe Phillimore Robert Phillimore, 3rd Baron Phillimore
1950 Mary Cassandra Chippindale Arthur Sandys, 6th Baron Sandys
1950 Angus Campbell-Gray, 22nd Lord Gray
1951 Sophie Harriet Liddell Arthur Liddell, 8th Baron Ravensworth
1955 Rose Marian Skinner Geoffrey Rowley-Conwy, 9th Baron Langford
1957 Monica Noel-Hill Charles Noel-Hill, 9th Baron Berwick
1959 Sheelin Virginia Maxwell Barry Maxwell, 12th Baron Farnham
1963 The 4th Baron O\'Hagan
1964 Jeryl Marcia Sarah Smith-Ryland Philip Gurdon, 3rd Baron Cranworth
1964 Judith Evelyn Maud Campbell Michael Baillie, 3rd Baron Burton
1967 Vivien Elisabeth Adam Nicholas Mosley
1977 Elaine Barbara Julia Whidborne Andrew St John, 21st Baron St John of Bletso
1979 Gordon Hope-Morley, 3rd Baron Hollenden
1982 Meriel Davina Long Hugh Edwardes, 8th Baron Kensington
1983 Simon Russell, 3rd Baron Russell of Liverpool
1984 Joane Mary Sherborne Dutton Ralph Dutton, 8th Baron Sherborne
1986 Daphne Angela Brazier-Creagh John Brownlow, 5th Baron Lurgan
1987 Anne Marie Ghislaine du Roy Galbraith Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde
1997 Philip Somers Cocks, 9th Baron Somers
2007 Judith Patricia O\'Hagan Jamie Borwick, 5th Baron Borwick
2008 Christine Margaret Hermione Scott-Plummer Mark Bampfyle, 7th Baron Poltimore
2012 Fiona Jane Obert de Thieusies Conor Myles John O\'Brien, 18th Baron Inchiquin
2014 Loelia Dorothé Alexandra Santis Tyrone Plunket, 9th Baron Plunket
2018 Monica Collett Mosley Daniel Mosley, 4th Baron Ravensdale
2018 Eleanor Anne Thompson Richard Ralph Neville, 11th Baron Braybrooke
2021 Elizabeth Gail Barnes-Dowson John Barnes, 5th Baron Gorell
## Wife of a baronet {#wife_of_a_baronet}
Date Warrant in favour of Deceased husband
------ ------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1858 Hannah Shepherd Havelock Henry Havelock
1882 Emily Eliza Adam William Patrick Adam
1891 Ellen Georgiana Kennard Coleridge John Kennard
1913 Theodosia Bagot Josceline FitzRoy Bagot
1920 Maude Winifred Rose Philip Vivian Rose (son of Philip Rose, 2nd Baronet)
1921 Muriel Rolls Loder Robert Egerton Loder (son of Edmund Loder, 2nd Baronet)
1922 Editha Ivy Brown Gordon Hargreaves Brown (son of Alexander Brown, 1st Baronet)
1927 Lilian Throckmorton Richard Courtenay Brabazon Throckmorton (son of Richard Throckmorton, 10th Baronet)
1939 Mary Grace Hills John Waller Hills
1948 Barbara Montgomery-Cuninghame Alexander Montgomery-Cuninghame (son of Thomas Montgomery-Cuninghame, 10th Baronet)
1958 Alice Mary Clifford George Gilbert Joseph Clifford (nephew of Walter Clifford, 4th Baronet)
| 1,211 |
Royal warrant of precedence
| 6 |
10,017,692 |
# Royal warrant of precedence
## Wife of a knight {#wife_of_a_knight}
Date Warrant in favour of Deceased husband
------ ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
1856 Eliza Rosetta Massey Corry Armar Lowry Corry (KCB)
1856 Elizabeth Boxer Edward Boxer (KCB)
1856 Caroline Bucknall-Estcourt James Bucknall Bucknall Estcourt (KCB)
1856 Mary Tylden William Burton Tylden (KCB)
1856 Katherine Adams Henry William Adams (KCB)
1856 Sophy Eliza Fox-Strangways Thomas Fox-Strangways (KCB)
1857 Isabella Neill James George Smith Neill (KCB)
1870 Charlotte Christiana Sturt Charles Sturt (KCMG)
1885 Martha Christiana Nottage George Swan Nottage (Kt.)
1886 Mary Elizabeth Cooper William White Cooper (Kt.)
1892 Catherina de Soysa Charles Henry de Soysa (Kt.)
1894 Emma Ellis Alfred Burdon Ellis (KCB)
1895 Bessie Hawker George Charles Hawker (Kt.)
1898 Anne Adair Skelton John Skelton (KCB)
1898 Caroline Frances Bond Edward Augustus Bond (KCB)
1902 Elizabeth Seymour Horace Seymour (KCB)
1907 Lilla Billson Alfred Billson (Kt.)
1918 Florence Eugenie Barwell Gundry William Gundry (Kt.)
1919 Janet Ferguson Restler James William Restler (KCB)
1920 Mary Harriet Carey Bertram Sausmarez Carey (KCIE)
1920 Violet Mary Bickerton Brindley Harry Samuel Bickerton Brindley (KCB)
1920 Frances Alice Anderson Francis James Anderson (KCB)
1924 Octavia Jane Nolan Robert Howard Nolan (KCB)
1928 Harriett Agnes Robinson James Robinson (Kt.)
1929 Else Headlam-Morley James Wycliffe Headlam-Morley (Kt.)
1932 Dorothy Eva Biscoe Hugh Vincent Biscoe (KCB)
1938 Minona Frances Bourchier Murray William James Bourchier (Kt.)
1938 Beryl Lennox Jarrad Vivian Everard Donne Jarrad (Kt.)
1938 Mary Agnes Dunningham John Montgomery Dunningham (KCB)
1940 Emily Illenden Fortuna Scott Ernest Scott (Kt.)
1943 Eugenie Devaux Justin Louis Devaux (Kt.)
1944 Margaret Adeline Monroe James Harvey Monroe (Kt.)
1945 Kate Owen Evans David Owen Evans (Kt.)
1980 Alma Hitchock Alfred Joseph Hitchcock (KBE)
1981 Margaret Eileen Gonzalez Cargill Ian Peter McGillivray Cargill (Kt.)
1982 Barbara Winsome Von Bibra Donald Dean Von Bibra (Kt.)
1982 Laura Ellen Chetwynd George Roland Chetwynd (Kt.)
1988 Dorian Dodge Fisher Antony George Anson Fisher (Kt.)
1991 Ellen Leech William Charles Leech (Kt.)
1992 Mary Elizabeth Stirling James Frazer Stirling (Kt.)
2007 Penelope Jane Stirling Roderick William Kenneth Stirling (KCVO)
2016 Ramesh Ghiassi Mackay David John Cameron Mackay (Kt
| 352 |
Royal warrant of precedence
| 7 |
10,017,750 |
# Free French Naval Forces
The **Free French Naval Forces** (*\'\'\'Forces Navales Françaises Libres\'\'\'*, or **FNFL**) were the naval arm of the Free French Forces during the Second World War. They were commanded by Admiral Émile Muselier.
## History
In the wake of the Armistice and the Appeal of 18 June, Charles de Gaulle founded the Free French Forces (*Forces Françaises Libres*, or FFL), including a naval arm, the \"Free French Naval Forces\" (*Les Forces Navales Françaises Libres*, or FNFL). On 24 June 1940, de Gaulle made a separate call specifically to servicemen overseas to join him, and two days later the submarine *Narval* entered Malta and pledged its allegiance to the FFL. On 30 June, De Gaulle was joined by Vice-Admiral Émile Muselier, who had come from Gibraltar by flying boat. Muselier was the only flag officer of the French Navy to answer the call of De Gaulle.
The French fleet was widely dispersed. Some vessels were in port in France; others had escaped from France to British controlled ports, mainly in Britain itself or Alexandria in Egypt. At the first stage of Operation Catapult, the ships in the British ports of Plymouth and Portsmouth were simply boarded on the night of 3 July 1940. The then-largest submarine in the world, `{{ship|French submarine|Surcouf||2}}`{=mediawiki}, which had sought refuge in Portsmouth in June 1940 following the German invasion of France, resisted the British operation. In capturing the submarine, two British officers and one French sailor were killed. Other ships were the two obsolete battleships `{{ship|French battleship|Paris||2}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{ship|French battleship|Courbet|1911|2}}`{=mediawiki}, the destroyers `{{ship|French destroyer|Le Triomphant||2}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{ship|French destroyer|Léopard||2}}`{=mediawiki}, eight torpedo boats, five submarines (`{{ship|French submarine|Minerve|1934|2}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{ship|French submarine|Junon|1935|2}}`{=mediawiki}) and a number of other smaller vessels. 3,600 sailors operating 50 ships around the world joined with the Royal Navy and formed the nucleus of the Free French Naval Forces France\'s surrender found her only aircraft carrier, `{{ship|French aircraft carrier|Béarn||2}}`{=mediawiki}, en route from the United States loaded with a precious cargo of American fighter and bomber aircraft. Unwilling to return to occupied France, but likewise reluctant to join de Gaulle, *Béarn* instead sought harbour in Martinique, her crew showing little inclination to side with the British in their continued fight against the Nazis. Already obsolete at the start of the war, she would remain in Martinique for the next four years, her aircraft rusting in the tropical climate. As soon as the summer 1940, the submarines *Minerve* and *Junon*, as well as four avisos, departed from Plymouth. Towards the end of 1940, the destroyers *Le Triomphant* and *Léopard* followed. *Le Triomphant* sailed for New Caledonia and spent the rest of the war based there and in Australia. The ship saw action in both the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Civilian vessels and crew also rallied to de Gaulle, starting with four cargo ships in Gibraltar - they would be the beginning of the merchant fleet of the FNFL.
To distinguish the FNFL from the Vichist forces, Vice-Admiral Émile Muselier created the bow flag displaying the French colours with a red Cross of Lorraine, and a cocarde also featuring the Cross of Lorraine for aircraft of the Free French Naval Air Service (*Aéronavale Française Libre*) and the Free French Air Force (*Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres*).
A number of ships were leased from the British to compensate for the lack of warships in the FNFL, among them, the `{{sclass2|Hunt|destroyer|2}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ship|French destroyer|La Combattante||2}}`{=mediawiki} and the `{{sclass2|Flower|corvette}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ship|French corvette|Aconit||2}}`{=mediawiki}.
The FNFL suffered their first loss when the patrol boat `{{ship|French patrol boat|Poulmic||2}}`{=mediawiki} hit a mine and sank on 7 November 1940 off Plymouth.
### Africa
Soon after the fall of France, Free France was but a government in exile based in England, with no land of its own to speak of and very few land or sea forces. In an attempt to establish his authority on an important French territory, General de Gaulle attempted to rally French West Africa by personally sailing to Dakar with a British fleet which included a few Free French units; at the same time, a cruiser force had been sent by Vichy France to reclaim African territories which had already announced their support to De Gaulle (notably Chad). The resulting Battle of Dakar ended on a Vichyite victory. However, after the occupation of Vichy France by the Germans after the Allied invasion of North Africa in November 1942, French West Africa also eventually joined the Free French.
When it did, important ships based in Dakar were obtained: the modern battleship `{{ship|French battleship|Richelieu||2}}`{=mediawiki}, the heavy cruiser `{{ship|French cruiser|Suffren||2}}`{=mediawiki}, light cruisers `{{ship|French cruiser|Gloire|1935|2}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{ship|French cruiser|Montcalm|1935|2}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{ship|French cruiser|Georges Leygues||2}}`{=mediawiki}, and a few destroyers, including cruiser-sized `{{sclass|Le Fantasque|destroyer|2}}`{=mediawiki}s.
### Role in the French Resistance {#role_in_the_french_resistance}
Captain d\'Estienne d\'Orves attempted to unite the French Resistance, became an inspiring symbol when he was arrested, tortured by the Gestapo and executed.
| 799 |
Free French Naval Forces
| 0 |
10,017,750 |
# Free French Naval Forces
## History
### D-Day: Operation Neptune {#d_day_operation_neptune}
In the summer of 1944, the Invasion of Normandy took place. The FNFL took part in both the naval side of the operations, *Operation Neptune*, and the landing itself, with the Naval Commandos (*Commandos Marine*) of Captain Philippe Kieffer, climbing cliffs under fire to destroy German shore batteries.
The ships of the FNFL were deployed off the landing sites :
- Utah Beach: corvettes *Aconit* and `{{ship|French corvette|Renoncule||2}}`{=mediawiki}
- Omaha Beach: cruisers *Georges Leygues* and *Montcalm*; frigates `{{ship|French frigate|L'Escarmouche||2}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{ship|French frigate|Aventure||2}}`{=mediawiki}; and corvette `{{ship|French corvette|Roselys||2}}`{=mediawiki}
- Gold Beach: corvette `{{ship|French corvette|Surprise||2}}`{=mediawiki}
- Juno Beach: frigate `{{ship|French frigate|Découverte||2}}`{=mediawiki}; corvette `{{ship|French corvette|Estienne d'Orves||2}}`{=mediawiki}; and torpedo boat *La Combattante*
In addition the obsolete battleship *Courbet* was scuttled off Arromanches to serve as a breakwater for a Mulberry harbour.
The cruisers *Georges Leygues* and *Montcalm*, along with the battleship `{{USS|Arkansas|BB-33|6}}`{=mediawiki} provided fire support for the infantry until 10 June.
*La Combattante* silenced German coastal artillery of Courseulles-sur-Mer. The next day, she started patrolling the English Channel. On 14 July, she ferried General Charles de Gaulle to France.
### Pacific War {#pacific_war}
*Le Triomphant*, under the command of Philippe Auboyneau was transferred to the Pacific theatre of the war, where in February 1942 it took part in the evacuation of European and Chinese civilians and military personnel from Nauru and Ocean Island before an anticipated Japanese invasion. *Triomphant* was later stationed along the east coast of Australia, where in early 1943 it was involved in the rescue of the survivors from `{{ship|SS|Iron Knight|1937|6}}`{=mediawiki}, which was sunk by a torpedo fired by the `{{Jsub|I-21}}`{=mediawiki}. After the rescue, *Triomphant* then searched for *I-21* for a day, but without success.
From 1944, the battleship *Richelieu* and destroyer leaders *Le Terrible* and *Le Fantasque* operated with the British Eastern Fleet in combat operations against Japan, and later took part in Operation Tiderace, the Liberation of Singapore.
## Technical innovations {#technical_innovations}
The FNFL also harboured technical innovators, like Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau, who invented the modern aqua-lung, and Yves Rocard, who helped perfect radar. The aqua-lung became a major improvement for commando operations. However, Jacques Cousteau joined the FNFL only after the liberation of France. He had spent the entirety of the war in France and developed the aqua-lung in Paris during the German occupation.
| 387 |
Free French Naval Forces
| 1 |
10,017,750 |
# Free French Naval Forces
## Losses
The merchant fleet of the FNFL suffered heavy casualties, amounting to one quarter of its men.
A number of warships were lost, notably the submarine *Surcouf*, possibly sunk in a friendly fire incident. Other losses include the destroyers *Léopard* and *La Combattante*; the submarine `{{ship|French submarine|Narval|1925|2}}`{=mediawiki}; the patrol boats *Poulmic* and *Vikings*, and the corvettes *Mimosa* and *Alysse*
| 65 |
Free French Naval Forces
| 2 |
10,017,751 |
# The Mango Tree (film)
***The Mango Tree*** is a 1977 Australian drama film directed by Kevin James Dobson and starring Geraldine Fitzgerald and Sir Robert Helpmann. Lead actor Christopher Pate is the son of actor Michael Pate who also produced and wrote the film. It is based on the book of the same name, by Ronald McKie.
## Plot
The film is about Jamie, a young man in his formative teen years, growing up in rural subtropical town of Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia, set around World War I. Jamie, raised by this grandmother, enjoys his life in \"Bundy\", until the town\'s reaction to the insanity of a local preacher leads him to leave his hometown for life in the city.
## Cast
- Christopher Pate as Jamie Carr
- Geraldine Fitzgerald as Grandma Carr
- Robert Helpmann as the Professor
- Gerard Kennedy as Preacher Jones
- Gloria Dawn as Pearl
- Carol Burns as Maudie Plover
- Barry Pierce as Agnus McDonald
- Diane Craig as Miss Pringle
- Ben Gabriel as Wilkenshaw
- Gerry Duggan as Scanlon
- Jonathan Atherton as Stinker Hatch
- Tony Bonner as Captain Hinkler
- Tony Foley as Private Davis
- Tony Barry as Tommy Smith
- Terry McDermott as Somers
## Production
Michael Pate was a neighbour of Robert McKie, who wrote the novel. Pate optioned it and tried to find a writer to adapt it into a screenplay but ended up doing it himself. The budget was raised from the Australian Film Commission, GUO Film Distributors and the Bundaberg Sugar Company; the latter invested a third of the total sum. The budget was originally \$650,000 but production of the film was delayed by 12 months by which time inflation meant it had risen to \$800,000.
Michael Pate originally wanted to direct the film himself but the AFC did not want him to write, produce and direct, so insisted he find a director. Pate proposed Michael Lindsay-Hogg, son of Geraldine Fitzgerald, who was unable to do it. Bruce Beresford almost directed until the South Australian Film Corporation, who had the director under contract, intervened and prohibited him from making it. Then in February 1977, two months before shooting was to begin, Pate hired \[ Kevin James Dobson
Filming took place in the town of Gayndah, Mount Perry and Cordalba as well as Bundaberg. The shoot went for seven weeks starting April and ending in June.
## Release
*The Mango Tree* enjoyed reasonable success, grossing \$1,028,000 at the box office in Australia, which is equivalent to \$4,728,800 in 2009 dollars.
Critical reaction was muted, with much criticism falling on the performance of Christopher Pate. However film writer Brian McFarlane later wrote that Geraldine Fitzgerald gave \"one of the most luminous performances by an actress in Australian film.\" The movie achieved only limited sales overseas.
Kevin James Dobson later claimed he felt that the script was never quite right and \"one or two performances were a little shonky\" but that he has great affection for the movie. There are several different edits of the film available, one by Dobson, one by Pate
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# Rare Book Room
**Rare Book Room** is an educational website for the repository of digitally scanned rare books made freely available to the public.
## History
Starting around 1996 the California-based company Octavo began scanning rare and important books from libraries around the world. These scans were done at extremely high resolution using high-quality equipment, with some pages at over 200MB each. They were sold by Octavo as commercial products on CD-ROM.
In 2006 the \"Rare Book Room\" website was created which contains the complete collection in medium to medium-high resolution freely available to the public through a web browser or as a PDF file. Some high resolution versions are still being sold by Octavo through a separate website. As of 2007 over 400 books have been scanned.
## Collection
The repository includes books by:
- Euclid
- Xenophon
- Aristophanes
- Galileo Galilei,
- Isaac Newton,
- Nicolaus Copernicus,
- Johannes Kepler,
- Albert Einstein,
- Charles Darwin.
- William Shakespeare
- Benjamin Franklin
It includes most of the Shakespeare Quartos from the British Library, the Bodleian Library, the University of Edinburgh Library, and the National Library of Scotland, as well as the First Folio from the Folger Library. It includes Library of Congress copies of *Poor Richard\'s Almanack* by Benjamin Franklin, and other rare editions: a Gutenberg Bible of 1455, William Harvey\'s book on the circulation of blood, Galileo 's *Sidereus Nuncius*, the first printing of the United States Bill of Rights, and *Magna Carta*
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# National Student Rodeo
**National Student Rodeo** was a freestyle kayaking event in the UK hosted by [Leeds University Canoe Club](http://www.luucc.co.uk). The [National Student Rodeo](http://www.nationalstudentrodeo.org.uk) was the biggest freestyle kayaking competition in the world, with 670 entrants and over 1000 party goers from 36 universities at its peak. It was held annually at Holme Pierrepont (HPP) National Water Sports Centre in Nottingham.
## Organisation
Despite the highly demanding nature of organising events such as this, the National Student Rodeo was always organised and run by a group of willing and enthusiastic volunteers. The \'Rodeo Bosses\' were responsible for not only booking the venue and getting universities to turn up, but also arranging camping, finding sponsors, promoting the event and organising the myriad other jobs necessary. Event safety, first aid, judging, commentary, bar staffing and general \'gophering\' were all dealt with by happy, enthusiastic members of LUUCC, River Legacy and other volunteers.
The focus of the competition was always been on the \"fun\" aspect of the sport, in order to encourage participation from novice paddlers. This was mirrored in the prize-giving ceremonies, where the best prizes were saved for the novice and intermediate categories. However this was not to say that competition in the expert finals was not fierce. Many of the UK\'s best freestyle paddlers have competed at the event, former and current GB Freestyle Team members, loads of sponsored team paddlers and even more up-and-coming talent. The now legendary NSR parties were thoroughly compered and DJ\'d to death by the Extreme Events crew, with waffle, banter, gibberish and occasionally the odd bit of useful information from DJ\'s Al, Shifty, Disco Dave and Tea Boy Tom. Extreme Events retired from the Rodeo in 2016 after a decade of brilliance.
The \'National Student Rodeo\' name harks back to the olden days of kayaking, when freestyle was referred to as \'rodeo\'. Although a renaming was briefly considered in 2004, \'The Rodeo\' has stayed true to its roots.
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# National Student Rodeo
## Format
The core events for the competition was as follows:
- Extreme Slalom - All competitors for K1 and C1 (Men\'s and Women\'s) entered this event to be seeded for the heats.
- Men\'s Novice K1
- Men\'s Intermediate K1
- Men\'s Expert K1
- Women\'s Novice K1
- Women\'s Intermediate K1
- Women\'s Expert K1
- C1
- Squirt
- Topo Duo
- Open event
A \"King of the Wave\" invitational event was held in 2006 but this has not been continued - Jon Fuller remains the official NSR King of the Wave.
NSR MMX (2010) saw the introduction of 2 new events: \'Old Skool\' replaced the traditional Open event and saw competitors hotdog it out in boats and kit pre-2000 with Dave Burne of York coming out on top. There was also in the introduction of the \"Kukri Sofa Cross\" which saw 80 competitors race down the course at Holme Pierrepont on inflatable sofas.
In 2020 a Boater X style event was organised by Matt Wallace. It saw a timed race with \"le mans\" start (starting on the bank outside of kayaks) and groups of competitors race to lap the course through slalom gates.
While the competition took up the daytime schedule of the Rodeo, most students attended for the parties that took place on the Friday and Saturday night in the rugby club and marquee. While Friday night saw most of the universities arriving on site around 8PM, there was still plenty of fun to be had, and the bars stayed open until 2AM. However, Saturday was the big party organised by [River Legacy](http://www.riverlegacy.org.uk), and saw all of the participants in their fancy dress finery attending. The festival atmosphere and legendary parties earn the Rodeo its place as the best student kayaking event of the year.
Other highlights of the weekend included \'Up-time\': the time of day when all competitors are woken up from their slumbers (normally with the aid of a megaphone) to make sure that they attend their heats and fit into the hectic schedule that results from the fact that the organisers must fit in time for nearly 700 competitors to have at least two runs down the course.
## Sponsorship
Long-term sponsors of the NSR included [PGL](http://www.pgl.co.uk), [Desperate Measures](http://www.desperate-measures.co.uk) canoe and kayak shop, [Palm Equipment](http://www.palm-equipment.co.uk) / [Dagger Europe](http://daggereurope.com) and [Pyranha](http://www.pyranha.com). Many of the sponsors donated hugely both in terms of money and prizes for the events, as well as providing food for the volunteers, supporting equipment for the Safety team, and essential supplies for the First Aid team.
## Media
Due to its size and reputation, the media presence surrounding the event evolved over time. For example, in 2007 the event was trailed online with several humorous videos which can be found [here](http://www.maxbilbow.com/?p=4). The 2008 event was filmed by [Liquid Satisfaction](http://www.liquidsatisfaction.com/) and was sold as a DVD. This has since been released as a free podcast and both can be found at [maxbilbow.com](http://www.maxbilbow.com/). The event has also been covered by Canoe & Kayak, Kayak Session, and The Paddler magazines.
Local news broadcasters have also covered the event - one such report can be seen [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eM6LMbSQCoI).
## History
Year Event organiser(s) Overall winners Colour Party Theme Official T-shirt slogan(s)
------ ------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2023 Rachel Jones and Yael May *Event cancelled!* Black, red, yellow, blue Retirement Party Long live the rodeo
2020 Matt Wallace and Kate Loveday Nottingham Green Games Night
2019 Ruby Pelling and Chloe Ryan Notthingham Turquoise & Purple A Journey Through Time
2018 John Docherty and Amie Shute *Event cancelled due to snow!* Green Countries of the World Rodeo Makes The World Go Round
2017 Beth Preston and Struan Fishburn Nottingham Blue The Apocalypse
2016 Rhys Williamson and Simon North Nottingham Red Christmas ?
2015 Simon North and Sarah Waddington Sheffield Blue / Turquoise Carnival ??
2014 Andy Canavan and Sam Newman Nottingham Blue Heroes & Villains ??
2013 Tom Oram and Harry Grace Nottingham Red Circus ?
2012 Beth Morgan and Jake Ward Southampton Green Jungle ?
2011 Nicola Underhill and Jethro House Nottingham Orange/Yellow Beach Party ?
2010 Andy Jaunzems and Peter Haynes Leeds Purple Ancient Civilizations ?
2009 Luke Farrington and Paul Wilkinson Leeds Blue Space ?
2008 Tim Trew and Nick Horwood Nottingham Trent Green Pirates Yarrrrrrr
2007 Adam Dumolo and Sara James Leeds Red Wild West The Good, The Bad and The Ugly (three separate designs)
2006 Sara James and Sam Ward Sheffield Ginger \'70s ?
2005 Tim Stevenson Loughborough Blue Bad Taste (Regular) Its a rodeo Jim, but not as we know it / (Judges) Those who can, do
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# St. Thomas's Church (Rateče)
**St. Thomas\'s Church** in Rateče, Kranjska Gora, Slovenia, is one of the oldest churches in the upper Sava Valley, confirmed by written documents and excavations as well as the church\'s original furnishings.
The oldest written document mentioning Rateče is the *Vidimus* (from Latin: \"we saw\") by the first Ljubljana Bishop Sigmund Lamberg, which is preserved today in the kapitelj archive of the Ljubljana archdiocesan archives. It is a parchment document created at the time of Bishop Lamberg\'s visit to Kranjska Gora and is dated January 28, 1467. The *Vidimus* is a transcript of three manuscripts from the year 1390 (dated May 30, November 12, and December 8) addressing a change in the parish to which the church in Rateče belonged. The church, which until that time had been an affiliate church of the parish of Maria Gail (*Marija na Zilji*) near Villach (*Beljak*) in Carinthia, was taken from that parish and transferred to the parish of Kranjska Gora in Carniola under a grant by the regent Count Frederick III of Ortenburg. On 8 December 1390, Jan Soběslav, the Patriarch of Aquileia confirmed this change.
An even older but, unfortunately, undated document, is the so-called *Rateče* or *Klagenfurt Manuscript*, one of the oldest written documents in Slovene. It contains the prayers Our father, Hail Mary and the Apostles\' Creed. It is written on parchment paper with ornamented initial letters in red and blue. It was discovered in 1880 at Klagenfurt in Carinthia, where it is kept in the archives of the Carinthian Historical Society. On the basis of linguistic analysis and information taken from Bishop Lamberg\'s *Vidimus*, historian Ivan Grafenauer claims that the document was created around the year 1370. His determination is that it was written around that time; the words it contains, however, point to roots dating back to the 8th century. The document was bound into a mass book, used by the vicar from Maria Gail on his visits to Rateče.
On the back cover of the same manuscript there is another written record, which contains the names of the members of the Brotherhood of the Mother of God in 1467. Among them are the names of priests (Nikolaj of Naklo) and a number of surnames which are still found among inhabitants of Rateče today (Pintbah and Rogar, among others).
Between 1972 and 1976 archeological digs were carried out under the church\'s foundation. Upon uncovering the late medieval stone floor, the archeologists discovered the foundation of a semicircular Romanesque apse in the sanctuary. On the south side of the nave, even older wall foundations were uncovered, which might suggest a pre-Romanesque phase of construction. In another area of the nave, a fragment of a ceramic jug typical of the Roman era was found. In the sanctuary the excavators also found 25 preserved Roman-era graves with accompanying burial items. The method of burial suggests early Slovenian customs. Romanesque elements were found in the walls of the nave as well, A Romanesque window from the 12th or early 13th century was uncovered in the south wall. In the middle of this wall was also found an entrance with a wooden beam which was scorched by a fire in 1693.
The church has a Gothic sanctuary, which replaced the Romanesque sanctuary in the mid-15th century. Adjacent to it is a Romanesque bell tower, which some have dated to 1360; in any case, it clearly was built in the 14th century. It houses a bell from the year 1521, on which is written in Gothic minuscule: *+ iesus + maria + anno + XXI + lucas + marcus + ioannes + matheus*. In the belfry there is also a steel bell, which was cast in a foundry in Jesenice and blessed on February 22, 1922. Its pitch is C and it weighs 242 kg. As of October 1, 2000, it is flanked by two bronze bells (weighing 198 kg and 136 kg), which were cast by the bell specialists in Passau, Germany. They were consecrated by the archbishop of Belgrade, Msgr. Stanislav Hočevar
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# Isli Hidi
**Isli Hidi** (born 15 October 1980) is a former Albanian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
He started his career with KF Tirana, where he won six Kategoria Superiore winners medals, three Kupa e Shqipërisë winners medals and six Superkupa e Shqipërisë winners medals. In Albania he has also played for KF Bylis, Dinamo Tirana, KF Teuta and KS Kastrioti. He also played in Ukraine for Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih and in Cyprus for Alki Larnaca, Olympiakos Nicosia, AEL Limassol, Apollon Limassol and Nea Salamina. During his time in Cyprus he won one Cypriot First Division winners medal with AEL Limassol and one Cypriot Cup with Apollon Limassol.
## Club career {#club_career}
Hidi started off his career at his hometown club, Tirana in 1998. After very few appearances, he was loaned out to Bylis. After making a huge impact, he returned to Tirana to compete for the number 1 shirt. He signed for the Ukrainian club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih in August 2007. In 2008, Hidi moved to Alki Larnaca for the remainder of the 2008--09 season. Hidi rejoined Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih on a three-year contract for around one million dollars per season on 3 March 2009.
On 6 July 2010, he signed for Dinamo Tirana for the 2010--11 season. On 7 January 2011, Hidi joined Cyprus\'s Olympiakos Nicosia by inking a contract until the end of the season.
In July 2018, Hidi joined Teuta on a one-year contract, returning to Kategoria Superiore after eight years. In November, he was named league\'s player of the month after some strong performances. He concluded the 2018--19 season by making 33 league appearances, missing only one match, the one against Tirana in April 2019.
In August 2019, Hidi completed a transfer to Bylis, returning in Ballsh for the first time since 2002 when he was on loan. He took squad number 1 for the 2019--20 season. Hidi made his debut on 24 August in the 1--0 away defeat to his former side Teuta. On 1 September, in his third appearance of the season, Hidi scored his first career goal, a penalty in the 3--0 win at Skënderbeu, guiding the team to their first seasonal win. On 15 September, in the first match following the international break, Hidi scored another penalty, this time at home against Kukësi, aiding Byis to achieve a 2--1 comeback win which lifted them in 4th place in championship. His first goal in Albanian Cup came on 12 February 2020 in the second leg of competition\'s second round against Laçi, helping Bylis advance to quarter-finals 4--3 on aggregate.
On 14 May 2023, Hidi announced his retirement from football a few days after winning the Kategoria e Dytë title with Vora. He played seven matches as captain in his last season.
## International career {#international_career}
Hidi received his first senior international call-up in May 2005 for the friendly match versus Poland by German coach Hans-Peter Briegel who was impressed by Hidi\'s performances in Kategoria Superiore with his club at the time Tirana. He earned his first cap in that match, but things could not have started any worse for him as Poland scored in under two minutes with Maciej Żurawski. Hidi\'s second appearance for Albania came later that year, on 17 August against Azerbaijan at Qemal Stafa Stadium; he started again and conceded another early goal, but this time the team bounced back and won 2--1 in front of around 7,300 Albanian fans.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 2017, Hidi begun the application for Cypriot passport
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# My Pal Gus
***My Pal Gus*** is a 1952 American comedy drama film directed by Robert Parrish which follows Gus (George Winslow), the young son of divorced industrialist Dave Jennings (Richard Widmark). Unable to cope with Gus\' mischievous streak, Jennings places the boy in a day-care center. Gus\' teacher Lydia Marble (Joanne Dru) manages to curb the boy\'s prankishness, and along the way falls in love with Jennings. Enter the villainess of the piece: Jennings\' ex-wife Joyce (Audrey Totter), who claims that the divorce is invalid and demands a huge sum from Jennings, lest she claim custody of Gus.
The film was officially dubbed *My Pal Gus* in August 1952. Prior to that, four different pre-release titles had been announced---in order of appearance, *How High Is Up?*, *The Problem Is Love*, *Big Man*, and *Top Man*. The next-to-last of these would reemerge in December to play a prominent part in the film\'s advertising campaign.
## Plot
Dave Jennings is so focused on his Los Angeles-based business that he neglects his precocious five-year-old son Gus, who is constantly creating havoc in order to get his father\'s attention. After Gus\'s latest escapade is cleaned up and paid for, Dave orders his long-suffering secretary, Ivy Tolliver, to find a new nurse for Gus, then leaves on a business trip. Upon his return, Dave learns that Ivy has placed Gus in the Playtime School, and that he must meet with the teacher, Lydia Marble, to enroll Gus formally. Rushed as usual, Dave tells the attractive Lydia that he will pay whatever it takes to keep Gus in line, but when Lydia explains that parents are required to participate in their child\'s education at Playtime, Dave indignantly states that he knows all he needs to about Gus. Dave is amazed by how well Gus responds to Lydia\'s instructions, however, after he smacks a schoolmate. Believing that Gus can benefit from Lydia\'s tutelage, Dave agrees to keep him at Playtime. As the next three weeks pass, Gus becomes contented and well-behaved, but on Dave\'s scheduled parent participation day, the businessman instead sends a truckload of toys to the school. Lydia returns the toys with a note admonishing Dave that as a substitute for his attention, the toys are not enough, and when Dave comes to the school to protest, Lydia assumes that he is there to help.
Dave tells Lydia that he has fallen in love with her, and although Lydia returns Dave\'s affections, she tells him that his feelings stem from his dependence upon her for help with Gus. That night, Dave comforts a frightened Gus by allowing him to sleep in his bed, and, realizing that he no longer needs Lydia for instruction on child care, confronts her with his new knowledge. Secure that Dave does indeed love her for herself, Lydia enjoys his embrace. As time passes, Dave becomes a devoted father, and his romance with Lydia blossoms into an engagement. On Gus\'s birthday, however, Joyce, Dave\'s ex-wife, appears and asks Dave to visit her at her hotel. Fearing the worst, Dave keeps the appointment and discovers that the money-grubbing, immoral Joyce is broke and claims that their Mexican divorce is not legal. Dave\'s lawyer, Farley Norris, confirms the upsetting news, but Dave, infuriated by Joyce\'s reappearance, refuses to give her money to obtain a legal divorce.
Determined to win, no matter what is revealed about Joyce in court, Dave does not listen to the pleas of his friends that he think of Gus and end the confrontation quietly. Dave instead hires private detectives to gather ammunition against Joyce until the day before the trial begins. Needing a rest, Dave drives to his new beach house and spends the night. Unknown to Dave, Lydia and Gus have also spent the night there, and in court the next day, Joyce\'s lawyer charges Dave with adultery and names Lydia as the co-respondent. The resulting publicity horrifies Lydia, and she is forced to close her school. Lydia confronts Dave, accusing him of caring more about his fortune than about his son, and breaks their engagement. As the trial continues, Farley proves that Joyce abandoned Dave, and the judge upholds Dave\'s request for a divorce. Although he does not award Joyce any of Dave\'s property, the judge, sickened by Dave\'s tactics, grants Joyce custody of Gus. Dave is heartbroken, and on the morning that he drives Gus to Joyce\'s hotel, is overcome when Gus pleads to remain with him. Realizing that Gus is more important to him than anything else, Dave marches to Joyce\'s room and agrees to give her everything he owns in exchange for permanent custody of Gus. As he returns to the car, Dave is met by Lydia, who promises to help him fight for his son. Assuring her that the matter is settled, Dave embraces Lydia and Gus, then asks Lydia if she can pay for lunch.
## Cast
- Richard Widmark as Dave Jennings, a divorced businessman with a troubled son
- Joanne Dru as Lydia Marble
- Audrey Totter as Joyce Jennings, Dave\'s ex-wife
- George Winslow as Gus Jennings, Dave\'s son
- Regis Toomey as Farley Norris
- Carl Betz as Mr
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# Gori (comedian)
, better known as **`{{nihongo|Gori|ゴリ|}}`{=mediawiki}** or **`{{nihongo|Gorie|ゴリエ|}}`{=mediawiki}** or **`{{nihongo|Gorie Matsuura|松浦ゴリエ|Matsuura Gorie|}}`{=mediawiki}**, is a Japanese comedian, variety show host, voice actor, film director, and musician. He is a member of the owarai group Garage Sale. He has also appeared in drag as a schoolgirl character named Gorie and collaborated with Jasmine Ann Allen and Joann Yamazaki to release three singles. *Mickey* reached number one on the Oricon charts in 2004
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# Phil Horner
**Philip Matthew Horner** (born 10 November 1966) is an English former professional footballer. He is now a qualified physiotherapist and works at his former playing club Blackpool.
## Career
Horner was born in Leeds, West Yorkshire. He began his career with Leicester City in 1983, but he only made ten league appearances in five years at Filbert Street and spent a short spell on loan at Rotherham United in the 1985--86 season.
In 1988, he joined Halifax Town, then managed by Billy Ayre. Horner followed Ayre to Blackpool when the latter became manager of the Tangerines in 1990. In six years at Bloomfield Road he made 187 league appearances, scoring 22 goals.
He joined non-League Southport on loan in the 1995--96 season. After finishing his professional playing career at Bloomfield Road, Horner returned to Southport on a permanent basis while he studied for a Bachelor of Science degree in physiotherapy. He finished his playing career with Lancaster City in the 1999--2000 season in the Northern Premier League Premier Division.
## Post-football career {#post_football_career}
After gaining his degree in Physiotherapy from the University of Salford, Horner worked as a physiotherapist at Royal Preston Hospital before returning to Bloomfield Road to become Blackpool\'s club physiotherapist in November 2000, a role he continues to fulfill. Horner is a member of both the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy and the Council of Professional Supplementary Medicine
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# Leroy Jones (American football)
**Leroy Jones** (September 29, 1950`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}June 11, 2021) was an American professional football player who was a defensive end. He played the majority of his 11-year career with the San Diego Chargers (now Los Angeles) in the National Football League (NFL).
Jones played both basketball and football in high school, and continued with both sports while attending college at Norfolk State University. He began his professional career in 1973 with the Edmonton Eskimos (now the Elks) in the Canadian Football League (CFL), where he spent three seasons. Jones was selected in the second round of the 1975 NFL draft by the Los Angeles Rams, who traded him in 1976 to San Diego, where he played through 1983.
## Early life {#early_life}
Jones was born and raised in Greenwood, Mississippi. He already stood 6 ft in the seventh grade. At Amanda Elzy High School, he was a standout at both football and basketball, leading his teams to multiple championships. In 2011, *The Greenwood Commonwealth* named him one of the top 25 sports figures in the Greenwood area\'s history.
## College career {#college_career}
Jones attended Norfolk State University after being recruited by a coach who was a Greenwood native. Jones was the center on three Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) tournament basketball teams. He was named to the All-CIAA Tournament team each year. As a sophomore in 1972, he was named to the Associated Press All-State first-team, and was named to the second-team as a junior.
Jones also played football for the Spartans, and he was named All-CIAA as a defensive end in 1971 and 1972. Before the 1973 football season, he learned that he would be academically ineligible to play due to poor grades. Jones dropped out of Norfolk State and signed a three-year contract to play football professionally in Canada. In 1983, he was a member of the inaugural class of Norfolk State\'s sports hall of fame.
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# Leroy Jones (American football)
## Professional career {#professional_career}
Jones joined the Edmonton Eskimos in the Canadian Football League (CFL) as a taxi squad member in 1973, before being placed on a five-day tryout prior to the 61st Grey Cup. The following year, he led the team in tackles and sacks that season, as well as in the 62nd Grey Cup championship game.
Having left Norfolk State early, Jones was not eligible for the 1974 NFL draft. In the summer of 1973, pro scouts had projected him as a first-round pick in 1974, rating him near or on par with Ed \"Too Tall\" Jones, who became the first overall pick in 1974. Ruled eligible for the 1975 NFL draft, Leroy Jones was selected in the second round by the Los Angeles Rams with the 48th overall pick. He became the highest-drafted player in Norfolk State football history. Jones reportedly wanted to play for the Rams, but the Eskimos had an option year remaining on his contract. He missed the start of Edmonton\'s training camp before reporting three days later. In 1975, the Eskimos placed him on the injured reserve list in October. He was cut in November before the Western Football Conference championship game while still on the injured list. Edmonton won the 63rd Grey Cup that season with Bill Stevenson taking over Jones\' former position at left defensive end.
The San Diego Chargers acquired Jones from the Rams in 1976 for a future draft choice. In 1980, he teamed with All-Pros Fred Dean, Gary \"Big Hands\" Johnson, and Louie Kelcher on the defensive line as the Chargers led the NFL in sacks (60). The foursome was nicknamed the Bruise Brothers. Jones that season had 12 sacks, second on the team behind Johnson\'s `{{frac|17|1|2}}`{=mediawiki}, and was named an alternate for the Pro Bowl. Don \"Air\" Coryell\'s Chargers teams of that era are mostly remembered for their high-scoring, pass-oriented offense. The Chargers won the AFC West from 1979--1981 and also qualified for the playoffs in 1982.
During the 1981 season, Jones blocked a 35-yard field goal by Miami kicker Uwe von Schamann at 11:27 into overtime, allowing San Diego to drive for its own field goal and win 41--38 in the playoff game known as the Epic in Miami, considered by many to be among the greatest NFL games ever. Jones played as a backup in his final season in 1983. He ended his career ranked third all-time in Chargers\' history in career sacks with `{{frac|43|1|2}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Jones died at age 70 on June 11, 2021, in Casselberry, Florida
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# La Ferté-sous-Jouarre memorial
The **La Ferté-sous-Jouarre memorial** is a World War I memorial in France, located on the south bank of the river Marne, on the outskirts of the commune of La Ferté-sous-Jouarre, 66 kilometres east of Paris, in the department of Seine-et-Marne. Also known as the Memorial to the Missing of the Marne, it commemorates over 3,700 British and Irish soldiers with no known grave, who fell in battle in this area in August, September and early October 1914. The soldiers were part of the British Expeditionary Force, and are listed on the memorial by regiment, rank and then alphabetically.
## Memorial
The memorial itself is a rectangular block of white stone, 62 feet by 30 feet and 24 feet high, surmounted by a large stone sarcophagus. On top of the sarcophagus are carved representations of trophies of war, including a flag, bayonets, and a helmet. The year 1914 is carved below the sarcophagus, while the names of the dead are carved in panels on all four sides of the memorial. The two shorter sides of the memorial are decorated with a carved, downwards pointing sword, while the front and back of the memorial are carved with inscription panels surmounted by a carved wreath and a carved stone crown. The inscription on the river-facing side is in French, while the inscription on the other side is in English. The memorial is mounted on a stepped stone pavement, at the four corners of which are stone pillars, carved with the coats of arms of the British Empire (the coats of arms are labelled England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland), and topped by stone urns. One of the stone pillars was designed to hold a memorial register, which is now kept at the local town hall. At the front of the memorial\'s pavement is a stone of remembrance inscribed with the words: \"*Their name liveth for evermore.*\"
## Inscriptions
The memorial\'s French inscription says:
> *A la gloire de Dieu et en souvenir durable des 3888 officiers et soldats dont les tombes ne sont pas connues appartenant au Corps Expéditionnaire Britannique qui, mobilisé le 5 Août 1914, débarqua en France en Août 1914 et combattit à Mons, au Cateau, sur la Marne, sur l\'Aisne, jusqu\'en Octobre 1914.*
The memorial\'s English inscription says:
> *To the glory of God and the lasting memory of 3888 British officers and men whose graves are not known who landed in France in the month of August 1914 and between then and October fought at Mons and Le Cateau and on the Marne and the Aisne.*
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# La Ferté-sous-Jouarre memorial
## History
The memorial was built on land given by Adrien Fizeau, former mayor of Jouarre, in memory of his father Hippolyte Fizeau (1819--1896), a member of both the Institut de France and of the Royal Society. The Fizeau connection is commemorated by bilingual inscriptions either side of the steps leading up to the river-facing side of the memorial. This memorial was one of only four free-standing (outside proposed permanent war cemeteries) British World War I memorials to the missing eventually built on French soil. There had originally been proposals by the Imperial War Graves Commission to build 13 free-standing memorials to the missing in France, but this was eventually reduced to four: the Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme, the Neuve-Chapelle Indian Memorial to the Missing of the Army of India, the Soissons Memorial to the Missing that fell in the German offensives in 1918, and this memorial at La Ferté-sous-Jouarre to the Missing of the Marne. This memorial was the only one of the four where the design was opened to competition. The winning design was by the minor war cemetery architect Major George Hartley Goldsmith MC, who had studied under Sir Edwin Lutyens.
The La Ferté-sous-Jouarre memorial was unveiled on 4 November 1928. The British and French military officers present at the dedication ceremony included Ferdinand Foch, Maxime Weygand, George Milne and William Pulteney Pulteney. The ceremony also commemorated the contributions of Joseph Joffre, John French, and Michel-Joseph Maunoury, the commanders of the armies who had fought in the area. French in particular was the first commander of the British Expeditionary Force in World War I. Maunoury and French had died in 1923 and 1925, while Foch would die in 1929 and Joffre in 1931. The memorial is maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (as the Imperial War Graves Commission was renamed), and the site includes flower beds and a small park with an avenue of trees. On 27 July 2004, the memorial was rededicated during the 90th anniversary commemorations of the battles, in a ceremony attended by Sir John Holmes, the British ambassador to France.
## Royal Engineers memorials {#royal_engineers_memorials}
Near the main memorial, on each bank of the river, either side of the nearby bridge, are two identical memorials commemorating the Royal Engineers who built, under fire, a floating bridge at this location in 1914. They were the 7th Field Company and 9th Field Company RE. The English inscription says:
> *At this point was built under fire by the Royal Engineers of the 4th Division a floating bridge for the passage of the left wing of the British Expeditionary Force after the Battle of the Marne. Portions of the division had already crossed by boat at the weir near Luzancy and below the destroyed bridges.*
## Communal Cemetery burials {#communal_cemetery_burials}
The nearby La Ferté-sous-Jouarre Communal Cemetery contains the graves of five British Empire soldiers (including one unidentified) who died in September 1914.
## Battles
Troop movements in this area during World War I include the 1st Division crossing the river Marne here on 3 September on their way south to Rozoy during the Retreat from Mons. The 4th Division crossed here a week later on 9 September on their advance northwards to the river Aisne, during the Battle of the Marne. One of those commemorated on the memorial is the Royal Artillery driver Cobey, who is featured in a painting by Terence Cuneo.
## Photo gallery {#photo_gallery}
Image:La Ferte-sous-Jouarre memorial 1.jpg\|One of the memorial\'s four corner pillars, with coats of arms for Wales and England. Image:La Ferte-sous-Jouarre memorial 2.jpg\|The memorial\'s sarcophagus, crown and wreath carvings, and the English inscription. Image:La Ferte-sous-Jouarre memorial 3.jpg\|Panels of names on one side of the memorial, with one of the two sword carvings. Image:La Ferte-sous-Jouarre memorial 4.jpg\|Flower bed and steps in front of the memorial, with two of the four pillars. Image:La Ferte-sous-Jouarre memorial 5.jpg\|Inscription explaining the Fizeau donation of the land for the memorial. Image:La Ferte-sous-Jouarre memorial 8.jpg\|The Royal Engineers memorial on the north bank of the river Marne. Image:La Ferte-sous-Jouarre memorial 7.jpg\|The Royal Engineers memorial on the south bank, with the bridge in the background. Image:La Ferte-sous-Jouarre memorial 6.jpg\|The inscription on one of the Royal Engineers memorials
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# Blendi Nallbani
**Blendi Nallbani** (born 30 May 1971) is a retired Albanian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Nallbani was a member of the Albania national team prior to his international retirement in 2002.
Nicknamed *Tata*, he was the second youngest player to play for the national team only aged 17 at Wembley. He also holds many records, such as joint most Albanian Superliga winner and the player with the most matches in Albanian Superliga.
## Club career {#club_career}
After the fall of communism, he was able to move abroad to play in Romania, but then moved back to Albania for good. He initially played for Partizani Tirana and then, as soon as moving between clubs was allowed in Albania, he moved to his current team KF Tirana for a transfer fee of USD1,000,000 where has won multiple championships, cups, and supercups. That was the most expensive transfer in the Albanian football history at that time and made front-page news of all major newspapers. In 2001 he returned to Partizani.
### Tirana
Nallbani moved back to Tirana for a fourth stint in the summer of 2004 after four seasons at rival club Partizani Tirana. He joined goalkeepers Isli Hidi and Nigerian Ndubuisi Egbo at the club.
## International career {#international_career}
### International debut {#international_debut}
At only seventeen years old, Nallbani was the second youngest ever player to play for the Albania national team. He conceded five goals to a strong English side in his premiere at Wembley Stadium. However, had it not been for his strong performance, Albania would have suffered an even greater defeat. After the game, the English media praised Nallbani\'s performance as one of the greatest performances and Peter Shilton was himself amazed by the performance of the young Albanian.
> \"He (Shilton) was 21 when he first pulled on an England jersey and that helped to produce a fascinating statistic when England met Albania in a World Cup qualifier at Wembley in 1989. *Blendi Nallbani*, the goalkeeper at the other end, was only 17 and hadn\'t been born when Shilts made his debut.\"
At 17 years old, Nallbani was also the youngest goalkeeper to play in an England match.
After that famous English game and another one against Spain, Nallbani received offers from other famed European Clubs (Barcelona, Juventus, Anderlecht, and some Romanian and Turkish clubs). However, due to the \"communist Albania,\" he was not allowed to play for teams outside the country or his family would be persecuted and possibly jailed.
In the year, 1990, he was selected in the Under-21 Best European Selection and was supposed to play a charity game against the Africa/Asia Under-21. However, he was not able to attend this game for the same reasons that he was not allowed to play for a European Club at that time.
Nallbani earned a total of 18 caps, scoring no goals. His final international was an April 2002 friendly match against Andorra.
## Relations with the media {#relations_with_the_media}
Nallbani is known in Albania as being a bubbly and extravagant person who likes to make jokes with the Albanian media. During the 2008--2009 season in a heated derby match against his former team, Partizani Tirana Nallbani was booked for handling the ball outside of his area, which angered the Partizani players and fans as they thought that the keeper deserved a sending off for the offence. After the match ended, Nallbani tried to explain in the changing rooms that he did not handle the ball outside his area saying
> \"I swear on my daughter, I didn\'t touch the ball with my hand.\"
Nallbani is the father of two children, both of them boys. The referee Elvis Peza had also not booked Nallbani for a foul in the 55th minute on Partizani\'s Brazilian striker Paulo Marcel Pereira Merabet. This prompted an investigation from the FSHF (Albanian FA) into Peza\'s performance during the match which received a lot of media coverage in Albania as Nallbani was involved in two key decisions during the match. Former player and now head of Refereeing in Albania Ilir Shulku quickly jumped to Peza\'s defence and put him off the hook.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Nallbani is married and has two children, both of which are boys, Marvin and Dejvi. One of his children has followed in his father\'s footsteps as a footballer. His son born in 1992, Marvin Nallbani, is also a footballer and played for some time at KF Tirana with his father. Unlike his father he plays outfield, mostly in midfield and has been training with the Tirana senior squad since the age of 8.
As of 2018, he is head of the omnisports club *Studenti*
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# Island Air (Cayman Islands)
**Island Air Cayman Islands BWI** is a fixed-base operator in the Cayman Islands providing aircraft charter, air ambulance, ground handling, maintenance, meet and greet services, and aviation management services. The company is located on the grounds of Owen Roberts International Airport. It has one hangar, and one building for flight-planning, Customs and Immigration, and other activities. In February 2019 Ross Aviation, which also owns Rectrix Aviation, acquired Island Air.
## Air ambulance {#air_ambulance}
Island Air provides air ambulance services to the Cayman Islands, Central America, Jamaica, and Cuba
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10,017,975 |
# Trevor Thomas (historian)
**Trevor Vaughan Thomas** (21 September 1934 -- 30 May 2020) was lecturer in Czech and Slovak history at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES) and was a leading authority on the history of the Habsburg Monarchy. He retired in 1989 after which a prize for \"excellence in teaching\" was named after him in the SSEES History Department.
He jointly edited with Robert John Weston Evans the book, *Crown, Church and Estates: Central European Politics in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries* (Macmillan, 1991)
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# Richlands High School (North Carolina)
**Richlands High School** is a public high school in Richlands, North Carolina, a town within the vicinity of Jacksonville, North Carolina that has an enrollment of approximately 933. It is part of the Onslow County School District. Steven E. Clarke is the current principal.
## Academics and curriculum {#academics_and_curriculum}
Advanced Placement courses offered by the school include Calculus AB, Statistics, Biology, US History, English Language and Composition, English Literature and Composition, Environmental Science among others. Through the North Carolina Virtual Public School and Onslow Virtual Academy, Richlands students can take courses that are not offered at their school. Students may also participate in a variety of vocational programs at Coastal Carolina Community College, or the Eastern North Carolina Regional Skills Center in Jacksonville, North Carolina.
RHS offers thirteen honors classes. These honors classes include courses in all four years of English, Math I to III, Precalculus, Biology, Earth Science, Chemistry, and also in World History, American History, and Civics and Economics.
The 2006--2007 School Report Card for Richlands High School designates it as a School of Progress, with 60 to 80% of the students on grade level. The school also met all thirteen of its designated adequate yearly progress (AYP) goals. The average SAT score was 1025, eight points above the national average, with a 40% participation rate. The school ranks below the school district average in the technology and resources available to students, with fewer computers and books available per student and a library with much older books on average. Only 84% of the teaching staff is fully licensed (with the State average at 89%). Also, a higher-than-average percentage of teachers at Richlands High School have more than ten years of teaching experience. (54% have ten years or more: State average 53%)
Richlands High School scores well on standardized state tests, and has above state average attendance at 96%. Richlands High School is accredited as a four-year, comprehensive high school by the North Carolina State Department of Education. The school year consists of two ninety-day semesters with six six-week grading periods.
## Extracurricular activities {#extracurricular_activities}
Richlands hosts sports teams that participate in basketball, baseball, cheerleading, cross country, football, golf, soccer, swimming, tennis, track and field, volleyball, and wrestling. Visual and performing arts opportunities offered at Richlands include band, chorus, dance, guitar, musical and orchestra.
## Facilities and faculty {#facilities_and_faculty}
A math and science building opened starting with the 2008--2009 school year. It contains 11 classrooms and two Chemistry Labs, an additional parking lot was also added at the school. The school auditorium can seat up to 500 people, and is the site for Richlands\' spring musical. The school cafeteria is designed to accommodate Richlands\' students over three lunch periods. Richlands has access to the Internet, data networking, cable, video equipment, and an assistive listening sound system.
There are roughly 89 faculty members employed at Richlands High School. 25% of these faculty members have master\'s degrees or higher degree. The current principal is Steven E. Clarke, and current assistant principals are Cara Jackson and Christel Caliguire
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# Mañana puedo morir
***Mañana puedo morir*** is a 1979 Argentine television miniseries
| 13 |
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# The Next Best Thing (TV series)
***The Next Best Thing: Who is The Greatest Celebrity Impersonator?*** is an American Reality television series competition of celebrity impersonators with a grand prize of `{{US$|100000|2007}}`{=mediawiki}. It was hosted by Michele Merkin. The judges were Jeffrey Ross, Elon Gold and Lisa Ann Walter; ultimately, the winner was chosen by viewer voting. The eight-episode series debuted May 30, 2007 on ABC and ended the same year.
## Episodes
The premiere featured contestants impersonating (among others) Howard Stern, Jack Nicholson, Jackie Gleason, Art Carney, Superman, Jennifer Aniston, Janet Jackson, Bill Cosby, Billy Crystal, Whoopi Goldberg, Phil McGraw, Hank Williams Jr., Arthur (Fonzie) Fonzarelli, and Avril Lavigne.
## Semi-finals {#semi_finals}
The judges narrowed down the contestants to 30 semi-finalists, 28 of whom were featured in fully shown performances over two episodes. The semi-finalists were:
- Chris America as Madonna
- Sandy Anderson as Dolly Parton
- Sebastian Anzaldo as Frank Sinatra
- David Born as Robin Williams
- Trent Carlini as Elvis Presley
- Erv Dahl as Rodney Dangerfield
- Donny Edwards as Elvis Presley
- Marcel Forestieri as Jay Leno
- Craig Gass as Al Pacino
- Roger Kabler as Robin Williams
- Anne Kissel as Roseanne Barr
- Suzanne LaRusch as Lucille Ball
- Buck McCoy as Tim McGraw
- Garry Moore as Little Richard
- John Morgan as George W. Bush
- Jim Nieb as George W. Bush
- Sharon Owens as Barbra Streisand
- Natalie Reid as Paris Hilton
- Pavel Sfera as Bono
- Stacey Whitton Summers as Shania Twain
- Brigitte Valdez as Celine Dion
- Cookie Watkins as Tina Turner
- Mike Wilson as Simon Cowell
- Mark Staycer as John Lennon
## Finalists
Of the 30 semi-finalists, the judges chose the following 10 to be finalists:
- Sebastian Anzaldo
- Trent Carlini
- Donny Edwards
- Roger Kabler
- Suzanne LaRusch
- Garry Moore
- John Morgan
- Sharon Owens
- Natalie Reid
- Cookie Watkins
- Erv Dahl
## Order of finish {#order_of_finish}
American viewers voted, and ranked the finalists in the following order:
1. Trent Carlini
2. Sebastian Anzaldo
3. Donny Edwards
4. John Morgan
5. Suzanne LaRusch
As the winner, Trent Carlini received \$100,000.
## Trivia
- The ten finalists of season 1 included two Elvis Presley impersonators; to reduce confusion, they were named \"Blue Suede Elvis\" (Donny Edwards) and \"Heartbreak Elvis\" (Trent Carlini), after the songs \"Blue Suede Shoes\" and \"Heartbreak Hotel.\"
- Little Richard appeared as a \"surprise celebrity guest\" in the last episode of season 1 (#108)
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# El Fausto criollo
***El Fausto criollo*** (\"The Creole Faust\") is a 1979 Argentine fantasy drama film directed by Luis Saslavsky and Miguel Angel Lumaldo. It was written by Saslavsky with the collaboration of Estela Canto, Luisa Mercedes Levinson and Enrique Anderson Imbert, and based on the novel *El Fausto Criollo*, by Estanislao del Campo. It stars Claudio García Satur, María Valenzuela, Pedro Quartucci, Luisa Vehil and Gerardo Romano. Oscar Aráiz was in charge of the film\'s choreography. It was filmed in Eastmancolor and released on October 25, 1979.
## Synopsis
Anastasio, a.k.a. \"El Pollo\" (The Chicken), narrates to a gaucho named Laguna the performance of the opera *Faust*, which he has just seen on a representation at a Buenos Aires theatre. Suddenly real life and fiction intersperse, with Anastasio imagining a similar story in La Pampa, while assuming the personality of the protagonist at the moment when the character signs his pact with the Devil
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# NorthSouth Productions
**NorthSouth Productions LLC** is a television production company in the United States that was founded by Charlie DeBevoise and Mark Hickman in 2000. NorthSouth creates and produces original programming for a variety of broadcast and cable networks including Peacock, HGTV, Discovery, TLC, History, A&E, MTV, VH1, SyFy, OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network, TruTV, WE tv, Discovery Health, Food Network, Lifetime, and the Sundance Channel. Their production credits include documentaries, reality television, travel series, and sports entertainment. The company has offices in New York City and Knoxville, Tennessee.
On December 6, 2012, it was announced that Hearst Corporation would take a 50% stake in NorthSouth. In 2016, Charlie DeBevoise bought out Mark Hickman of his stake in the company. DeBevoise now owns 50% of the company. In 2019, he formed NoSo Films to develop, produce, and finance long form documentaries.
Digital Graffiti is NorthSouth\'s full-service post-production facility.
## List of programs produced {#list_of_programs_produced}
- *Prank Academy* - YouTube Red
- *Impractical Jokers* - truTV
- *Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta* -- TLC
- *Say Yes to the Dress: Bridesmaids* -- TLC
- *Double Divas* - Lifetime (TV network)
- *Bullet Points* - Military Channel
- *Lovetown, USA* - Oprah Winfrey Network (U.S. TV channel)
- *Hard Parts: South Bronx* - Speed (TV network)
- *You Don\'t Know Dixie* -- History
- *Marked* -- History
- *Wrecked: Life in the Crash Lane* -- Speed
- *One Way Out* -- Discovery Channel
- *Little Miss Perfect* -- WE tv
- *Paranormal Cops* -- A&E
- *Ugliest House on the Block* -- WE tv
- *Getting Abroad* -- MOJO HD
- *Big Spender* -- A&E
- *Try My Life* -- Style Network
- *What Makes it Tick?* -- Fine Living
- *Fight Quest* -- Discovery Channel
- *I Bet You* -- MOJO HD
- *Bride vs
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# Crazy Love (1979 film)
***Crazy Love**\'\' or***Este loco amor loco**\'\' is a 1979 Argentine comedy film directed by Eva Landeck. The film was produced during the Dirty War of Argentina and was under surveillance by the National Reorganization Process
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# No apto para menores
***No apto para menores*** is an unreleased Argentine film directed by Carlos Rinaldi. The film\'s release was blocked by the censorship authorities in 1979. It has only \"be seen by a few\".
## Cast
- Enzo Viena
- Thelma Stefani
- Daniel Miglioranza
- Elena Sedova
- Stella Maris Lanzani
- Hugo Arana
## Production
The film was partially shot in San Luis
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# National Priority
***National Priority*** (*\'\'\'Prioridad nacional\'\'\'*) is a 1979 Argentine short film. It was the first film made by Juan J. Campanella, Argentina\'s most successful contemporary filmmaker. The 22-minute film features Campanella himself and actor Ricardo Cerone.
## Cast
- Juan J
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| 0 |
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# El Juicio de Dios
***El Juicio de Dios*** is a 1979 Argentine drama film directed by Hugo Fili
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El Juicio de Dios
| 0 |
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# Ralph Widdrington (MP)
**Ralph Widdrington** (*c.* 1640 -- 22 June 1718) was one of the eight sons (10 children) of William Widdrington, 1st Baron Widdrington and his wife, Mary (`{{nee}}`{=mediawiki} Thorold).
He was commissioned Ensign in the Earl of Ogle\'s regiment in 1667, his brothers Edward and Roger being commissioned in the same regiment at the same time. Burke\'s (extinct) Peerage states, following earlier genealogies, that he lost his sight in \"the Dutch War\" without stating which one. In the light of Widdrington\'s subsequent career, that seems unlikely: The Earl of Ogle\'s regiment is not recorded as in action in the 1665--1667 War and, in 1671, Ralph Widdrington was commissioned Captain in the Portsmouth garrison company.
Thereafter, he was at Berwick garrison as Lieutenant to the Duke of Newcastle. Captain George Carleton\'s memoirs go further and state that Widdrington lost his life at the Siege of Maastricht in 1676, as a volunteer in the Dutch Army. Ralph may have been a volunteer in the Dutch Army then, although that is uncertain, but it was his brother Roger Widdrington who was killed at Maastricht.
In 1685, he became Member of Parliament for Berwick upon Tweed and remained so until 1689. Immediately prior to King Charles\' death (in February, 1685) the town of Berwick had petitioned for a new Charter, and *There was present at the delivery Captain Ralph Widdrington and Captain Biggerstaffe, but they stood aside and were taken noe notice of. However, they two are the towne\'s irreconcileable enemies, and they endeavour to have the Charter so drawn that all the towne\'s grounds may be given to the garrison, and that all the burgesses be no burgesses, and only a certain number as they please to name to be inserted in the new Charter, and these only to be burgesses, and impose a parcel of justices of peace upon the town, etc.*.
According to that narrative, all of the aldermen and officers of the town, and seven score burgesses and inhabitants were removed from the voter list. In that manner, Ralph Widdrington and Philip Bickerstaffe were returned to Parliament. Widdrington probably never took his seat, was removed from all offices in 1688, and followed King James overseas.
In or about 1693, he returned to England, and was granted permission to remain. He does not appear to have taken an active role in politics or in Jacobite activities after his return although the family William, 4th Baron and his brothers Charles and Peregrine took part in the Jacobite rising of 1715 for which the Widdrington family was attaindered as Catholic and Jacobite. He died in London, in 1718
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# Mark Lamos
**Mark Lamos** (born March 10, 1946) is an American theatre and opera director, producer and actor. Under his direction, Hartford Stage won the 1989 Tony Award for Outstanding Regional Theatre and he has been nominated for two other Tonys. For more than 15 seasons, he has been artistic director of the Westport Country Playhouse. In May 2023, he announced he will leave the post in January 2024.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born in Melrose Park, Illinois, Lamos studied violin and ballet at an early age, and participated in high school theater productions at Proviso East High School, Maywood, IL, from which he graduated in 1964. He attended Northwestern University on a music scholarship.
He began his theatrical career as an actor at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis. His early Broadway appearances all were in short-lived productions: *The Love Suicide at Schofield Barracks* and *The Creation of the World and Other Business* in 1972, *Cyrano* in 1973, and a revival of *Man and Superman* in 1978. He also appeared in the 1990 film *Longtime Companion*.
He served as artistic director of Hartford Stage from 1981 to 1998. Hartford Stage gained national recognition under Lamos, who shook up the theatre\'s traditional repertoire with bolder contemporary dramas and spectacular productions of Shakespeare and classics such as *Peer Gynt* and The Greeks, a cycle of ancient Greek dramas. Productions that ended up on Broadway included *Marvin\'s Room*, *Our Country\'s Good*, *Tiny Alice*, *Tea at Five*, *The Carpetbagger\'s Children* and *Enchanted April*.
He was appointed the artistic director of the Westport Country Playhouse, effective in February 2009.
**Directing credits** Westport Country Playhouse: *Harbor*; *Into the Woods*; *Twelfth Night*; *Lips Together, Teeth Apart*; *Happy Days*; *She Loves Me*; *The Breath of Life*; *That Championship Season*; *Of Mice and Men*. New York credits: *The Rivals*, *Big Bill, Seascape, Cymbeline, Measure for Measure* (Lortel Award), all for Lincoln Center Theater; *The Gershwins' Fascinating Rhythm; The Deep Blue Sea; Our Country\'s Good* (Tony Award nomination). Off-Broadway: *The End of the Day* (Playwrights Horizons); *Thief River* (Signature Theatre Company); *Love\'s Fire* (Public Theater, Acting Company); *As You Like It* (Public Theater, Central Park); *Indian Blood,* *Buffalo Gal*, *Black Tie and Harbor* (Primary Stages). Artistic Director, Hartford Stage (1989 Tony Award for theater\'s body of work). Other theater: The Kennedy Center; Washington\'s Ford\'s Theatre; Canada\'s Stratford Festival; Guthrie Theater; A.C.T.; Chicago Shakespeare Theater; Yale Repertory Theatre; D.C.\'s Shakespeare Theatre; Cincinnati Playhouse in the Park; San Diego\'s Old Globe; Moscow\'s Pushkin Theatre (first American to direct in former Soviet Union). Opera: I Lombardi, Wozzeck, (both televised for Great Performances); The Great Gatsby (world premiere) and Adriana Lecouvreur at the Metropolitan Opera; many productions for New York City Opera, including televised productions of *Paul Bunyan, Tosca, Central Park* and *Madama Butterfly* (Emmy Award). Glimmerglass Opera; Gothenburg\'s Stora Teatern; L\'Opéra de Montréal; Chicago Lyric; San Francisco Opera; Norway\'s Bergen National Opera; and opera companies of Santa Fe, St. Louis, Washington, Dallas, Seattle.
Lamos began his career in the theater as an actor on and off-Broadway and in regional theater. He made his film debut in Longtime Companion. He was awarded the Connecticut Medal for the Arts as well as honorary doctorates from Connecticut College, University of Hartford, and Trinity College (Connecticut).
Lamos was awarded the 2007 Beinecke Fellow, Yale University, the Stanford Chair at University of Miami in Coral Cables, has lectured at Yale and was a visiting adjunct professor in the Department of Theater at the University of Michigan.
Lamos is openly gay. His partner since 1979 is Jerry Jones
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# Robert McGhee (minister)
**Robert McGhee** was a prominent Church of Scotland minister who championed the evangelical movement in Scotland throughout the second half of the 20th century. He was a signatory of the Manila Manifesto and was nominated for the position of Moderator several times. He was head of the Church\'s Board of Social Responsibility (one of the Church\'s six councils, and the largest voluntary provider of social care in Scotland) during the 1980s.
## Background and education {#background_and_education}
McGhee was born in Port Glasgow, Renfrewshire, on 29 July 1929, the first son of Robert McGhee (who had set up various missions and Sunday Schools in some of Glasgow\'s most deprived areas) and Catherine Hawthorn Ferguson. He served two years in the Royal Air Force before training as an accountant. In 1954 he went up to Glasgow University to study Divinity and took his BD from Trinity College, Glasgow. Here he was influenced by William Barclay and was a contemporary of Revd Douglas Alexander, father of Cabinet minister Douglas Alexander and Leader of the Scottish Labour Party Wendy Alexander.
## Ministry
He was ordained in Port Glasgow and inducted to Pultneytown St. Andrew's Church in Wick, Caithness in 1959 as 9th minister of Wick. After a successful merge with another local church, he was minister of Wick St. Andrew's and Thrumster Church from 1961 to 1966. From 1966 to 1972 he was 1st minister of Mayfield and Easthouses Church in Dalkeith outside Edinburgh, before moving finally to Falkirk, as 8th minister of St. Andrew\'s West Parish Church. During his time in Falkirk, he was appointed president of the Scottish Evangelistic Council (1982--1985), convener of Community Care (1977--1985) and then convener of the Board of Social Responsibility of the Church of Scotland (1985--1989). As convener he visited Kenya as part of the International Christian Federation Conference for the Prevention of Alcoholism and Drug Addiction, and also toured the Holy Land. As convener he was responsible for the reports presented to Margaret Thatcher after her notorious Sermon on the Mound in 1988, which were interpreted as a rebuke to her speech.
He also served as chairman of the Lord's Day Observance Society of Scotland (1970--1974) and moderator of the Presbyteries of Caithness (1964--1965), Falkirk (1983--1983) and the Synod of Forth (1985--1986). In 1991 he was appointed chairman of the Glasgow Council for Billy Graham's Scottish crusade.
Dr. McGhee made various television and radio appearances, often presenting \"Late Call\" on ITV, and was one of the most frequent speakers at the General Assemblies, taking a conservative, evangelical stance on theological issues. He was also on the Editorial Board for `{{Proper name|CH4}}`{=mediawiki} (the fourth Edition of the Church Hymnary). He was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Divinity. He was the nomination of the Church\'s powerful evangelical wing for the position of Moderator on several occasions, but was unsuccessful.
Dr. McGhee died on 18 March 1996 in Stirlingshire, of cancer. At his funeral the church was overflowing with over 1500 mourners, and he was buried in Falkirk Cemetery. The Very Revd Sandy McDonald (father of Doctor Who actor David Tennant) preached at his funeral. Dr. McGhee\'s family donated hundreds of theological books which were part of his private collection to the University of Glasgow. A stained glass window of St. John was erected in his memory in St. Andrew's West Church, and a new residential street built in 2005 in central Falkirk, *McGhee Place*, was named after him
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# Especially for You: Yasashisa ni Tsutsumarete
is the second studio album by Japanese idol duo Wink, released by Polystar on June 30, 1989. It features the No. 1 single \"Namida wo Misenai de (Boys Don\'t Cry)\", a Japanese-language cover of Moulin Rouge\'s \"Boys Don\'t Cry\". Also included in the album are covers of Kylie Minogue and Jason Donovan\'s \"Especially for You\", Holly Knight\'s \"Baby Me\", Blondie\'s \"Heart of Glass\", The Dooleys\' \"Body Language\", Annica Burman\'s \"För Fulla Segel\", Connie Francis\' \"I\'m Gonna Be Warm This Winter\", Debbie Harry\'s \"You Got Me in Trouble\", and The Nolans\' \"Let\'s Make Love\".
The album hit No. 1 on Oricon\'s albums chart and sold over 508,000 copies. It was also certified Platinum by the RIAJ.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All lyrics are written by Neko Oikawa, except where indicated; all music is arranged by Motoki Funayama, except where indicated. `{{Track listing
| headline = Side A
| extra_column = Arrangement
| title1 = [[Especially for You|Especially for You: Yasashisa ni Tsutsumarete]]
| note1 = {{nihongo4||Especially For You 〜優しさにつつまれて〜||"Especially for You: Surrounded by Kindness"}}
| music1 = {{hlist|[[Mike Stock (musician)|Mike Stock]]|[[Matt Aitken]]|[[Pete Waterman]]}}
| length1 = 4:09
| title2 = Baby Me
| music2 = {{hlist|[[Holly Knight]]|[[Billy Steinberg]]}}
| extra2 = Takao Sugiyama
| length2 = 3:45
| title3 = [[Heart of Glass (song)|Garasu no Kokoro (Heart of Glass)]]
| note3 = {{nihongo4||硝子の心 ~Heart Of Glass~}}
| lyrics3 = [[Yukinojo Mori]]
| music3 = {{hlist|[[Debbie Harry]]|[[Chris Stein]]}}
| length3 = 4:02
| title4 = Only Lonely<ref group=fn>Cover of [[The Dooleys]]' "Body Language".</ref>
| music4 = {{hlist|Ben Findon|Michael Myers|Robert Puzey}}
| length4 = 4:37
| title5 = Take Me to Heaven<ref group=fn>Cover of Annica Burman's "För Fulla Segel"
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# Olga Aroseva
**Olga Aleksandrovna Aroseva** (*О́льга Алекса́ндровна Аро́сева*; 21 December 1925 -- 13 October 2013) was a Soviet and Russian actress whose career spanned more than 65 years. Aroseva was better known for her work in theater and for her voice work in animated television shows. In the years before her death, she was best known as a hostess of the Russian educational and variety show *Long Time No See*. Her movie roles included *Beware of the Car*.
## Death
Aroseva died on 13 October 2013, aged 87, in Moscow, from undisclosed causes.
## Selected filmography {#selected_filmography}
Actor
- *The Girl Without an Address* (Девушка без адреса, 1957) as *Neighbor*
- *Beware of the Car* (Берегись автомобиля, 1966) as *Lyuba, a trolley-bus driver*
- *Trembita* (Трембита, 1968) as *Parasya*
- *Two Days of Miracles* (Два дня чудес, 1970) as *Alfa Kokoshkina*
- *Grandads-Robbers* (Старики-разбойники, 1971) as *Anna Pavlovna*
- *Unbelievable Adventures of Italians in Russia* (Невероятные приключения итальянцев в России, 1974) as *Andrey\'s mother*
- *Svaty* (Сваты, 2010-2012) as *Lyudmila Koteeva*
Voice
- *The Kitten from the Lizyukov street* (1988) as *Elephant*
## Family
Olga Aroseva was married four times. Her third husband was singer Arkady Pogodin (from late 1960s or early 1970s until his death in 1975), and the fourth was actor Vladimir Soshalsky
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10,018,138 |
# Lawrence Aidoo
**Lawrence Aidoo** (born 14 January 1982) is a Ghanaian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
## Career
Aidoo was born in Accra, Ghana. Following stints with Borussia Mönchengladbach, Nürnberg, Energie Cottbus, FSV Frankfurt and Kickers Emden in the top three divisions in Germany, Aidoo ended up playing in the lower leagues.
Aidoo made his debut for the Ghana national team in a friendly against Tunisia on 27 March 2003, and appeared in two African Nations Cup qualifying matches later that year
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10,018,162 |
# First fix and second fix
**First fix and second fix** are terms used in the UK and Irish housebuilding and commercial building construction industry.
First fix comprises all the work needed to take a building from foundation to putting plaster on the internal walls. This includes constructing walls, floors and ceilings, and inserting cables for electrical supply and pipes for water supply.
Some argue that First Fix starts after the shell of the building is complete, and ends when the walls are plastered. Here is a list, in no particular order, of the elements of First Fix.
- Drain runs: must be downhill and straight
- Spare conduits: draw strings
- Soil pipes
- Copper pipes
- MVHR (mechanical heat recovery ventilation runs)
- Push-fit or other plastic piping
- Electrical back boxes
- Electricity cable runs
- Telephone, data and audiovisual cables
- Socket location
- Security
- Fire alarm
- Normal pipes
- Door bell
- Door frames
- Pocket doorframes
- Stair well: floating / cantilevered?
- Sound insulation
- Plasterboarding
The list is not exhaustive.
Second fix comprises all the work after the plastering of a finished house. Electrical fixtures are connected to the cables, sinks and baths connected to the pipes, and doors fitted into doorframes. Second fix work requires a neater finish than first fix.
The division of work is a convenient description because electricians, plumbers and carpenters will probably have to make two separate visits to one property under construction, at separate times. Project managers can report \"first fix complete\" or \"second fix 50% done\" and others can understand.
Some construction companies specialise in first fix work or second fix work, but most do both.
In North America, terms such as **roughing in** and **finishing** or **rough-in** and **finish work** are often heard, referring to similar concepts. Another related set of terms is **outside work** and **inside work** (the building is closed to the weather when the latter occurs). Carpenters speak of **rough work** and **trim work** (or framing versus trimming), and other fields have analogues, such as machining (roughing versus finishing cuts) and communications (rough draft versus revised draft).
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# First fix and second fix
## Electrical installations and \"third fixes\" {#electrical_installations_and_third_fixes}
Electrical installations can be further divided into first, second and third fixes:
- First Fix: Positioning and securing of accessory boxes
- Second Fix: Preparation and positioning of cables
- Third Fix: Termination of conductors to accessories and protective devices
As modern society\'s reliance on technology increases, the need to properly house sensitive electronic equipment becomes a greater concern. The installation of this equipment takes place in the \"third fix\" segment of a construction project. It is especially important that installation of sensitive electronic equipment be installed only when a construction site is dust-controlled and prepared for what would be considered \"dust free\" conditions. For example, for the modern computer server room, equipment would be installed only when dust and atmospheric conditions are minimized and controlled. Similar to the atmospheric needs of medical and scientific research laboratories, the production of discrete semiconductor devices and integrated circuits is undertaken in a cleanroom atmosphere where low levels of environmental pollutants such as particulates and airborne microbes are strictly minimised and most preferably eliminated.
The UK national building specifications, British Standard 5295:1989, specifically addresses \"clean room\" environments serving electronics manufacturers, as well as the pharmaceutical industry (the Pharmaceutical Industry has, for some time, worked to the ISO standard 14644 which is subtly different). Standard 5295:1989 specifically pertains to constructed interior spaces where higher than normal environmental standards must be maintained, in order to control particulate contamination, temperature and humidity. It is only at the third fix stage, when building site conditions are rendered virtually *dust free*, so as to minimise the introduction, generation and retention of particles which may contaminate equipment serving the electronics and pharmaceuticals manufacturing process, that the build-out of \"clean room\" spaces can commence
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