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# Carol Anthony
**Carol Anthony** (born 1943) is an American artist known for her sculptures and paintings. In the 1970s, she became famous for her cartoon-like figure, papier-mache sculptures. After 1978, her work became focused on paintings of still life and landscape genres. She is based in New Mexico.
## Early life {#early_life}
Anthony was born in New York City, New York in 1943, to Jack Murray Anthony, a cartoonist for The New Yorker. She and her identical twin sister, Elaine Anthony were raised in Connecticut. Anthony attended Stephens College, Missouri.`{{When|date=October 2020}}`{=mediawiki} Anthony graduated from Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), earning a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in Painting in 1966.
## Career
In the 1970s, Anthony\'s papier-mache sculptures earned recognition and one is now in the permanent collection of the Smithsonian. She said the papier-mache was a tribute to her father. The Museum of Contemporary Crafts featured an exhibition of her three-dimensional figures.
By 1978, she stopped sculpting to focus on painting, particularly of still lifes and simple scenes. Her paintings are often made with layered oil pastel on gessoed, textured masonite. She creates ethereal light by using many thin applications of color in many layers. Her paintings and monotypes are represented in the permanent collections of the Smithsonian Institution, the Carnegie Institute, and the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden among others.
In 2009 Anthony participated in the exhibition, *Best of The West: Southwest,* representing artists in the New Mexico.
Anthony has lived and worked in Connecticut, Washington state, and most recently, Santa Fe, New Mexico
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# Martha B. Sosman
**Martha B. Sosman** (October 20, 1950 -- March 10, 2007) was an American lawyer and jurist from Massachusetts. She was appointed by Governor Paul Cellucci and served as an associate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court from 2000 until her death.
Sosman was born in Boston in 1950 and grew up in Concord. Sosman graduated from Concord-Carlisle Regional High School in 1968, from Middlebury College *cum laude* in 1972, and from the University of Michigan Law School *magna cum laude* in 1979. Sosman worked as an attorney with Foley, Hoag & Eliot in Boston from 1979 to 1984 before becoming an assistant United States attorney for two years. Following this, Sosman was chief of the Civil Division at the U.S. Attorney\'s Office for the District of Massachusetts in Boston, serving from 1986 to 1989. In 1989, Sosman left government service to become a founder of Kern, Sosman, Hagerty, Roach & Carpenter, P.C. with three other assistant U.S. attorneys. This was the first all-woman law firm in Massachusetts.
Sosman became an associate justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court in 1993, and was recruited for the bench by Justice Robert J. Cordy of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. Governor Paul Cellucci nominated Sosman to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on September 6, 2000 at the age of 49.
Sosman was one of three justices to dissent in the *Goodridge v. Department of Public Health* case, which legalized same-sex marriage in Massachusetts.
On July 20, 2004, Sosman was outed as a closeted lesbian by Fox News personality Bill O\'Reilly. He pointed out that Sosman, dissented in the *Goodridge* case.
In April 2005, Sosman was diagnosed with breast cancer. She died of respiratory failure nearly two years later. Governor Deval Patrick appointed Margot Botsford as Sosman\'s successor on July 26, 2007
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# Mingmongkol Sonakul
Mom Luang **Mingmongkol Sonakul** (*มิ่งมงคล โสณกุล*; `{{RTGS|''Mingmongkhon Sonakun''}}`{=mediawiki}, born 1971 in Bangkok, Thailand) is a Thai film producer and independent film director. As the head of her own production company, Dedicate Ltd., she has produced films by Apichatpong Weerasethakul (*Mysterious Object at Noon*); Pen-Ek Ratanaruang, including *Invisible Waves*; Pimpaka Towira\'s *One Night Husband* and *The Tin Mine* by Jira Maligool.
## Biography
### Education and career {#education_and_career}
Mingmongkol is the daughter of Chatumongol Sonakul. She studied film at the San Francisco Art Institute. She then served as an intern at the Museum of Modern Art in New York before returning to Thailand.
As a director, her films tend towards experimentalism. Her first feature film, *I-San Special*, featured the audio from a radio soap opera set in a luxury resort hotel, played out by passengers on a rickety bus heading from Bangkok to Isan.
Her 2005 feature, *3 Friends*, co-directed with Aditya Assarat and Pum Chinaradee, and starring Napakpapha Nakprasitte, is a blend of the \"movie star exploitation\" VCDs and unscripted reality television series, showing the bikini-clad actress taking a beach vacation with two other friends
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# Torlyn Mountain
**Torlyn Mountain** (67 47 S 66 55 E display=inline,title) is an elongated mountain, of which Murray Monolith is the detached front, standing 4 miles (6 km) east of Scullin Monolith on the coast of Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica.
In January and February 1931 several Norwegian whale catchers explored along this coast, making sketches of the land from their vessels. They named the mountain for their whale catcher, the Torlyn, from whose deck it was seen in February, although the coast was sketched as early as January 19 from the Bouvet II, another Norwegian whaler. The British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) under Mawson made an airplane flight over this area in January 1930, returning for further exploration in February 1931. They named the mountain Murray Monolith, which name is hereby retained only for the detached front
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# Payer Mountains
The **Payer Mountains** (*Payergruppe*) is a group of scattered mountains extending north-south for about 37 km, standing 15 km east of the Weyprecht Mountains and forming the eastern half of the Hoel Mountains in central Queen Maud Land.
They were discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938--1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for Julius Payer, Austrian polar explorer, who in company with Karl Weyprecht discovered Franz Josef Land in 1873
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# Janis Hansen (talent manager)
**Janis Annie Hansen** (June 14, 1940 -- November 30, 2021) was an American talent agent and actress.
## Early life {#early_life}
Raised in Jamestown, and later Lakewood, both in Chautauqua County, New York, Hansen is the daughter of Roger, an accountant, and Jeanette Hansen. She and her one sibling, elder sister Sheryn Rae, attended Southwestern High School in Jamestown, New York, graduating in 1955 (Sheryn) and 1958 (Janis).
## Acting career {#acting_career}
A one-time Playboy bunny, Hansen appeared on Broadway in *The Riot Act* (March--April 1963), a short-lived comedy, starring Dorothy Stickney, Ruth Donnelly, Sylvia Miles, and another young ingenue, Linda Lavin.
Hansen may be best known for her recurring role as \"Gloria\", the ex-wife of Felix Unger on *The Odd Couple* (1970--1975). She had guest roles on such television programs as *Bonanza*, *The Big Valley*, *Gidget*, *It Takes a Thief*, *The FBI* (Season 5 episode 12, \"The Inside Man\" aka episode 126 as \"Andrea Gray\"), Death Valley Days (s17e11 "The World's Greatest Swimming Horse") and *I Dream of Jeannie*. She portrayed \"Sister Katherine Grace\" in the 1970 film *Airport*. She last acted in 1982.
## Talent management {#talent_management}
Hansen founded Hansen Management,`{{When|date=December 2013}}`{=mediawiki} a talent management company in Los Angeles, serving as agent, coach and manager.
## Personal life and death {#personal_life_and_death}
Hansen was married to Joseph Roland Mikolas (1927--1996), an actor known for his appearances on the *Ernie Kovacs Show*. They remained together until his death in 1996. The couple had two children. She remarried, on July 27, 2002, to Andrew Michael Roemer.
Hansen died in Los Angeles on November 30, 2021, at the age of 81
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# VfB Pößneck
**VfB Pößneck** is a German association football club from the city of Pößneck, Thuringia with a membership of roughly 400.
\_\_TOC\_\_
## History
*Vereins für Bewegungsspiele Pößneck* was founded 2 August 1909 and established its own ground at Sportpark an der Warte in May 1925. All organizations in Germany, including sports and football clubs, were dissolved by Allied authorities in the aftermath of World War II. The club was re-established in 1950 and played as *BSG Fortschritt Pößneck* until being renamed *BSG Rotasym Pößneck* in 1980. East German clubs were typically connected to a local industry, service, or branch of government and these name changes reflect the club\'s affiliation with a fabrics factory, and later, the Rotasym firm.
Following German re-unification in 1990 the football departments of *Rotasym* and *BSG Rotation Pößneck* merged to form *Sportgemeinschaft Pößneck*. This club was re-christened *SV WSD Pößneck* in 1991 and on 27 May 2004 re-claimed its traditional identity as *VfB 09 Pößneck*. The team played its way into the fifth division Landesliga Thüringen (V) in 1996 and after a championship season there in 2001--02 joined the Oberliga Nordost-Süd (IV). Former DDR (Deutsche Demokratische Republik or German Democratic Republic) star player Lothar Kurbjuweit became trainer in 2003 and led the club to a solid 7th-place finish in Oberliga play, but left the club after a disagreement with management.
After eight seasons in the NOFV-Oberliga Süd the team was relegated in 2010 and suffered consecutive relegations until withdrawing from the tier seven Landesklasse to the tier ten 1. Kreisklasse Staffel Süd in 2012. Consecutive promotions have since taken the club back up to the tier eight Kreisoberliga but the club was relegated back to the Kreisliga in 2015
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# Sør Rondane Mountains
The **Sør Rondane Mountains** are a group of mountains about 100 miles (160 km) long with main peaks rising to 3400 m, between the Queen Fabiola Mountains and Wohlthat Mountains in Queen Maud Land. They were discovered and photographed from the air by members of the Lars Christensen Expedition (LCE) on February 6, 1937, and named after Rondane, a mountain massif in southern Norway. The mountains and their constituent features were mapped in greater detail and named in 1957 by Norwegian cartographers working with air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946--47.
## Features
### Mountains
- **Austhamaren**: 2,060 m high, standing close east of Byrdbreen glacier. \"Austhamaren\" means \"the east hammer.\"
- **Austhjelmen**: 1740 m high, standing 2 nmi east of Vesthjelmen. \"Austhjelmen\" means the \"east helmet.\"
- **Balchen**: 2820 m high, at the east side of Byrdbreen. Named for Bernt Balchen, famous Norwegian polar aviator.
- **Bamse**: 2500 m high, standing 11 nmi west of Mount Nils Larsen. \"Bamsefjell\" means \"bear mountain.\"
- **Bautaen**: 2240 m high, on the northeast side of Mount Bergersen. \"Bautaen\" means \"the monolith.\"
- **Bergersen**: 2636 m high, at the west side of Byrdbreen. Named for Ambassador Birger Bergersen. A prominent rock pinnacle called Tårnet Pinnacle (\"the tower\") sits on its northwest side.
- **Bond Peaks**: a group of peaks, 3,180 m high, at the southwest side of Mount Bergersen. Named for United States Navy Captain Charles A. Bond, commander of the Western Group of Operation Highjump.
- **Borchgrevink**: 2,390 m high, 3 nmi south of the Tanngarden Peaks. Named for Captain Otto Borchgrevink, leader of the Norwegian whaling expedition 1930--31.
- **Brattnipane Peaks**: a group of peaks, the highest 2,660 m tall, 9 nmi northwest of Mefjell. \"Brattnipane\" means the \"steep peaks.\"
- **Devold**: 3,280 m high, between Kjelbotn and the Pukkelen Rocks near the head of Byrdbreen. Named for Antarctic explorer Hallvard Devold.
- **Dufek Mountain**: is a large mountain rising to 3150 m, standing 2 nmi southwest of Mefjell. It was named for Rear Admiral George J. Dufek, commander of the Eastern Group of Operation Highjump.
- **Dungane Peaks**: a pair of peaks 2870 m high, standing 9 nmi west of Dufek Mountain. \"Dungane\" means \"the heaps.\"
- **Fidjeland**: 1,630 m high, close northeast of Mehaugen Hill on the west side of the mouth of Byrdbreen. Named mechanic Tom Fidjeland of the Lars Christensen Expedition (LCE) 1936--37.
- **Isachsen**: a large mountain 2,750 m high, standing 4 nmi southeast of Bergersen. Named for Major Gunnar Isachsen, the leader with Captain Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen of the Norwegian expedition 1930--31.
- **Kjelbotn**: 3,210 m high, between Isachsen and Devold. Named for Antarctic explorer Olav Kjelbotn.
- **Komsa Mountain**: 2,960 m high, located between Koms Glacier and Salen Mountain. \"Komsa\" means \"the Lapp cradle.\"
- **Luncke Range**: a range of peaks rising to 3,020 m, extending in a north--south direction for 10 nmi between Jennings and Gjel glaciers. Named for Norwegian cartographer Bernhard Luncke.
- **Mefjell**: is a large mountain rising to 3,080 m, 5 nmi west of Mount Bergersen. \"Mefjell\" means \"middle mountain\".
- **Menipa**: 2590 m high, 5 nmi north of Mefjell in the central part of the range. \"Menipa\" means \"middle peak.\"
- **Nils Larsen**: 2,190 m, 3 nmi southwest of Mount Wideroe. Named for Captain Nils Larsen, leader of the Norwegian expedition 1928--29.
- **Prince de Ligne Mountains**: a small group of mountains rising to 2285 m, standing 10 nmi north of the Belgica Mountains sub-range. Discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1957--1958 and named for expedition member Prince Antoine de Ligne.
- **Rogers Peaks**: a small group of peaks standing just southwest of Dufek. Named for US Navy Lt. Commander William J. Rogers, aerial crew commander with Operation Highjump.
- **Salen**: 2,950 m high, between Komsa Mountain and Sal Glacier. \"Salen\" means \"the saddle\"; named for its shape.
- **Simensen Peak**: 2215 m high, on the north side of Glitrefonna Glacier. Named for LCE photographer Erik Simensen.
- **Sørhjelmen**: stands 2,030 m high at the head of Hette Glacier. \"Sørhjelmen\" means \"the south helmet.\"
- **Strandrud**: 2,070 m high, rising above the glacial ice at the southeast side of the Austkampane Hills. Named for one of the LCE mechanics.
- **Tanngarden Peaks**: a row of peaks, 2,350 m high, just north of Vikinghodga and Mount Widerøe. \"Tanngarden\" means \"the row of teeth.\"
- **Tustane Peaks**: a group of peaks at the head of Koms Glacier. \"Tustane\" means \"the clumps\".
- **Tvetaggen Peaks**: a short line of peaks 1.5 nmi north of Austkampane Hills on the west side of the Kamp Glacier. Named \"Tvetaggen\" meaning \"the double prongs\" because of their appearance.
- **Vesthjelmen**: 1810 m, 8 nmi west of Austhamaren. \"Vesthjelmen\" means \"the west helmet.\" Hjelmkalven Point is a rocky point on its north side.
- **Vikinghogda**: a prominent flat-topped mountain, 2,960 m high m, between the Tanngarden Peaks and Widerøe. \"Vikinghogda\" means \"the Viking heights.\"
- **Walnum**: a large mountain rising to 2870 m, standing 4 nmi east of Widerøe. Named for Ragnvald Walnum, one-time chairman of the Norwegian Whaling Board.
- **Mount Widerøe**: a large mountain rising to 2,994 m between Walnum and Nils Larsen. Named for LCE pilot Viggo Widerøe. Vengen Spur (\"the wing\") projects north from the east part of Widerøe.
### Glaciers
- Borchgrevinkisen
- Byrdbreen
- Ellis Glacier
- Fimbulheimen
- Gillock Glacier
- Gjel Glacier
- Glitrefonna Glacier
- Gunnestad Glacier
- Hansenbreen
- Hargreavesbreen
- Hette Glacier
- Jennings Glacier
- Kamp Glacier
- Koms Glacier
- Kreitzerisen
- Mefjell Glacier
- Mjell Glacier
- Nipe Glacier
- Oberst Glacier
- Sal Glacier
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# Sør Rondane Mountains
## Features
### Hills
- **Austkampane Hills**: a group of hills rising to 2,210 m, standing 5 nmi north of Menipa. \"Austkampane\" means \"the east crags.\"
- **Blåklettane Hills**: a small group of hills standing 18 nmi southwest of Bamse Mountain at the southwest end of the range. \"Blåklettane\" means \"the blue hills.\"
- **Bulken**: 2,220 m high, standing 3 nmi north of Balchen. \"Bulken\" means \"the lump.\"
- **Glashaugen**: a small rocky hill 2 nmi north of the Bleikskoltane Rocks, near the head of Byrdbreen glacier. \"Glashaugen\" means \"the glass hill.\"
- **Isklakken**: a rocky hill 2 nmi east of Balchen at the eastern end of the range. \"Isklakken\" means \"the ice lump.\"
- **Kaggen**: a small ice-covered hill standing in Byrdbreen glacier, 7 nmi east of Mount Bergersen. \"Kaggen\" means \"the keg.\"
- **Kamp Glacier Hills**: three hills border the east side of Kamp Glacier.
- **Nordhaugen**: the northernmost; \"Nordhaugen\" means \"the north hill.\"
- **Mehaugen**: the middle hill; \"Mehaugen\" means \"the middle hill.\"
- **Sørhaugen**: the southernmost; \"Sørdhaugen\" means \"the south hill.\"
- **Krakken**: a rocky hill standing in Byrdbreen, 5 nmi east of Bautaen Peak. \"Krakken\" means \"the stool.\"
- **Lågkollane Hills**: a group of hills 7 nmi north of Bamse Mountain between Kreitzerisen and Hansenbreen. \"Lågkollane\" means \"the low hills.\"
### Nunataks
- **Devoldkalven**: a 2215 m nunatak near Devold Peak in the high section of Byrdbreen glacier. Named for Antarctic explorer Hallvard Devold.
- **Dotten**: a nunatak 2 nmi north of Smalegga Ridge, near the mouth of Gillock Glacier. \"Dotten\" means \"the lump.\"
- **Nordtoppen**: stands 1100 m high, 16 nmi north of the Austkampane Hills. \"Nordtoppen\" means \"the north peak.\"
- **Småhausane Nunataks**: a group of small nunataks 1180 m high, between Fidjeland and Nordtoppen Nunatak on the north side of the range. \"Småhausane\" means \"the small crags.\"
- **Taggen**: stands between Borchgrevinkisen and Kreitzerisen glaciers in the western part of the range. \"Taggen\" means \"the prong.\"
- **Teltet**: a prominent nunatak 2 nmi north of Vengen Spur on Mount Widerøe. \"Teltet\" means \"the tent.\"
- **Tertene Nunataks**: a group of small nunataks on the west side of Kreitzerisen. \"Tertene means \"the tarts.\"
- **Trillingane Nunataks**: a trio of nunataks standing 6 nmi northeast of Balchen at the east end of the range. \"Trillingane\" means \"the triplets.\"
- **Utsteinen**: a nunatak standing 4 nmi north of Vikinghogda. Named Utsteinen (\"the outer stone\") because of its position. Belgian research station Princess Elisabeth Base was established on this nunatak in 2009.
- **Vesthaugen**: a nunatak rising to 1,400 m, standing 15 nmi northwest of the Brattnipane Peaks. \"Vesthaugen\" means \"the west hill.\"
- **Vørterkaka**: a rock outcrop 1 nmi south of the Bleikskoltane Rocks at the southeast extremity of the range. Vørterkaka or Vørterkake are a type of round Norwegian sweet rolls containing brewer\'s wort.
### Rock outcroppings {#rock_outcroppings}
- **Bleikskoltane Rocks**: a rocky outcrop 7 nmi south of Balchen in the southeast part of the range. \"Bleikskoltane\" means \"the pale knolls.\"
- **Bollene Rocks**: a group of rocks just west of the Bleikskoltane Rocks at the head of Byrdbreen. \"Bollene\" means \"the buns.\"
- **Pukkelen Rocks**: a rock outcropping just west of the Bollene Rocks at the head of Byrdbreen. \"Pukkelen\" means \"the hump.\"
- **Roysane Rocks**: a group of rocks 4 nmi southeast of Mount Nils Larsen. \"Roysane\" means \"the pile of stones.\"
### Other
- **Bulkisen**: a blue ice field between Austhamaren Peak and Bulken Hill. Named Bulkisen because of association with Bulken Hill.
- Byrdbreen
- **Kvalfinnen Ridge**: a ridge, 2,670 m high, on the west side of Byrdbreen and 0.5 nmi north of Isachsen Mountain. \"Kvalfinnen\" means \"the whale fin\", and it was named for its shape.
- **Smalegga Ridge**: 4 nmi long, extending north from Mount Walnum to the west of Gillock Glacier. \"Smalegga\" means \"the narrow ridge
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# Hoel Mountains
The **Hoel Mountains** are a group of mountains including the Weyprecht Mountains and the Payer Mountains in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were first photographed from the air and plotted by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938--39), mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956--60) and named for Adolf Hoel, a Norwegian geologist and Arctic explorer, leader and member of many expeditions to Greenland and Spitsbergen since 1907
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# David Einhorn (hedge fund manager)
David Einhorn}} `{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2023}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox person
| name = David Einhorn
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|11|20}}
| birth_place =
| death_place =
| nationality = American
| alma_mater = [[Cornell University]]
| occupation = Investor, [[hedge fund|hedge fund manager]]
| known_for = Founding and leading [[Greenlight Capital]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Cheryl Strauss|1993| 2017|end=div}}
| children = 3
| awards =
| website =
}}`{=mediawiki}
**David M. Einhorn** (born November 20, 1968) is an American investor, hedge fund manager, and amateur poker player. He is the founder and president of Greenlight Capital, a \"long-short value-oriented hedge fund\".
Born in New Jersey, Einhorn graduated from Cornell University, before starting Greenlight Capital in 1996. Over the next decade, the fund experienced annualized returns of 26%, far better than the market. Greenlight Capital\'s assets under management decreased from approximately US\$12 billion in 2014 to about \$5.5 billion as reported in July 2018 as the fund was down 11.3% from 2014 through the end of 2017, and a further 34% in 2018. He has received extensive coverage in the financial press for his fund\'s performance, his investing strategy and his positions.
Einhorn was included in *Time* magazine\'s *Time* 100 list of \"100 most influential people in the world\" in 2013. According to Investopedia, his net worth was around US\$1.5 billion in June 2019.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Einhorn was born to a Jewish family in New Jersey, the son of Stephen and Nancy Einhorn. Raised in Demarest, New Jersey, at seven he and his family moved to Wisconsin. His father is the founder and president of Einhorn & Associates, a consulting firm, and Capital Midwest Fund, a venture capital fund. He has one brother Daniel who works with his father. In 1987, Einhorn graduated from Nicolet High School in Glendale, Wisconsin. Einhorn graduated *summa cum laude* from Cornell University with a B.A. in government from the College of Arts and Sciences in 1991. He was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity at Cornell.
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# David Einhorn (hedge fund manager)
## Investment career {#investment_career}
Einhorn started Greenlight Capital in May 1996 with \$900,000 in start up capital. In May 2002, he gave a speech at the Sohn Investment Research Conference where he recommended shorting a mid-cap financial company called Allied Capital eventually disclosing that he himself had a substantial short position. The day after the speech the company\'s stock went down by 20 percent. Einhorn accused the company of defrauding the Small Business Administration while Allied said that Einhorn was engaging in market manipulation, and illegally accessed his phone records using pretexting. In June 2007, after a lengthy investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), it found that Allied broke securities laws relating to the accounting and valuation of illiquid securities it held. After the incident, Einhorn published a book, *Fooling Some of the People All of the Time* regarding this six-year fight. Reviews of the book were generally positive; *Seeking Alpha*, said of the book: \"the case against Allied Capital is laid out to the last detail. Because of the immense amount of data in the book, I would imagine that some readers may want to skip a page here and there. However, the book is by no means dull. This book proves that truth is really stranger than fiction.\" Einhorn would come to view Allied as a microcosm of market trends: \"What we\'ve seen a year later is that Allied was the tip of an iceberg; that this kind of questionable ethic, philosophy and business practice was far more widespread than I recognized at the time \... Our country, our economy, is paying a huge price for that.\"
### Lehman Brothers {#lehman_brothers}
In July 2007, Einhorn shorted Lehman Brothers stock, believing that Lehman had massive exposures to illiquid real estate investments that were improperly accounted for. He also claimed that they used dubious accounting practices in their financial filings. Einhorn shared his thesis on Lehman in November 2007 at the Value Investing Congress.
When Bear Stearns had to be bailed out by the Federal Reserve in March 2008, Lehman was widely considered to be in a weak financial situation. In a speech at a conference in April, Einhorn announced his Lehman short position. In May, Lehman\'s CFO Erin Callan held a private teleconference with Einhorn and his staff, who hoped Callan could explain discrepancies they had uncovered since the firm\'s latest financial filing. Einhorn publicly characterized Callan\'s responses on the call in a negative light and Lehman stock fell sharply. Callan was fired a few weeks later when Lehman reported a \$2.8 billion quarterly loss. Lehman would declare bankruptcy in September 2008.
### Microsoft
On May 26, 2011, Einhorn called for Steve Ballmer, CEO of Microsoft, to step down after Microsoft had been passed by both Google and Apple in market value.
### U.K. insider dealing {#u.k._insider_dealing}
In January 2012, the U.K. Financial Services Authority (FSA) fined Einhorn and Greenlight Capital \$11.2 million for trading on inside information. The FSA claimed Einhorn obtained information on the Punch Taverns Plc (PUB) equity fundraising by a broker representing the company prior to public knowledge of the event. Over the following four days, Einhorn sold more than 11 million shares, avoiding a 29.9% stock price collapse and subsequent loss of about £5.8 million.
The Financial Services Authority stated*:*
> The FSA accepted that Einhorn\'s trading was not deliberate because he did not believe that it was inside information. However, this was not a reasonable belief. This was a serious case of market abuse by Einhorn and fell below the standards the FSA expects, particularly due to Einhorn\'s prominent position as President of Greenlight and given his experience in the market. Einhorn is an experienced professional with a high profile in the industry. We expect someone in his position to be able to identify inside information when he receives it and to act appropriately. His failure to do so is a serious breach of the expected standards of market conduct. It is highly damaging to market confidence when privileged shareholders commit market abuse, and the high penalty reflects the seriousness of his breach.
Einhorn called the £7.2m fine \"unjust\" and \"inconsistent with the law\" but said he would pay it \"rather than continue an arduous fight\" The fine was the second largest levied on an individual in the history of Britain\'s Financial Services Authority.
### Green Mountain Coffee Roasters {#green_mountain_coffee_roasters}
Speaking at the Value Investing Congress in New York City on October 17, 2011, Einhorn publicly announced his short position in Green Mountain Coffee Roasters stock. Prior to that date, the company\'s share price had increased more than tenfold since March 2009, the third-biggest gain in the Standard & Poor\'s Midcap 400 Index. In his presentation Einhorn opined that the market for Green Mountain\'s new Keurig single-cup coffee brewer was \"limited\", and that the K-Cup coffee pods for the machine presented a \"looming patent issue\" for the company. He also said that Green Mountain had a \"litany of accounting questions\". Following Einhorn\'s speech Green Mountain\'s share price fell by 10 percent, closing that day at \$82.50.
A few weeks later on November 9, 2011, Green Mountain\'s quarterly report missed analyst expectations and its stock price plunged to \$43.71. The company\'s CEO Lawrence J. Blanford cited a \"number of factors including changes in wholesale customer ordering patterns in our grocery and club channels\" for the underperformance of the company. The stock had a run up to 157 in Nov 2014, before its final pricing in the 90\'s, prior to the company being sold.
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# David Einhorn (hedge fund manager)
## Investment career {#investment_career}
### Apple Inc. {#apple_inc.}
In early February 2013 Einhorn filed a lawsuit against Apple Inc. in a Manhattan court in order to pressure the company to issue dividend-paying perpetual preferred stock as a means of distributing some of its `{{Nowrap|$137 billion}}`{=mediawiki} in cash to shareholders. Later that month Einhorn set what one *Wall Street Journal* headline called a \"Legal Precedent in Corporate Governance\" when the court ruled in favor of Einhorn and determined that Apple\'s attempt to bundle a measure requiring a shareholder vote prior to issuing preferred shares with a larger shareholder proposal \"impermissibly bundles \'separate matters\' for shareholder consideration\".
### Fracking industry {#fracking_industry}
Speaking at the Sohn Investment Conference on May 4, 2015, Einhorn sharply criticized unprofitable oil and gas companies. He said, \"A business that burns cash and doesn\'t grow isn\'t worth anything.\" Specifically, Einhorn announced short positions on Pioneer Natural Resources and Concho Resources. Einhorn also joked that Pioneer Natural Resources is a \"Motherfracker,\" referencing hydraulic fracturing or \"fracking\" that is a common means of stimulating production from oil- and gas-bearing rock.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 1993, Einhorn married Cheryl Strauss, a financial reporter and media consultant; they divorced in 2017. He has three children with Strauss. Einhorn lives in Westchester County, New York.
David Einhorn is a Democrat, and has contributed to Democratic political campaigns, in contrast to his parents, who are Republican donors. In 2012, Einhorn co-hosted a fundraiser for the Keeping America Competitive PAC, led by moderate Republican Leonard M. Tannenbaum.
He is reported to drive a Honda Odyssey.
He is also a founding Master Player of the Portfolios with Purpose virtual stock trading contest.
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# David Einhorn (hedge fund manager)
## Wealth and philanthropy {#wealth_and_philanthropy}
As of March 2019, *Forbes* magazine reported Einhorn to have an overall net worth of US\$700 million.
Einhorn is a major contributor and board member of the Michael J. Fox Foundation. He donated his 2006 poker winnings (over \$650,000) to the foundation. He is also on the board of the Robin Hood Foundation and a contributor to numerous charities in the New York area. In the spring of 2009, as promised in his book *Fooling Some of the People All of the Time*, Greenlight Capital donated all of the general partner\'s profits from the shorting of Allied Capital stock (an additional \$6 million - Greenlight already donated \$1 million in 2005 to Tomorrows Children\'s Fund - to make a total of \$7 million) to three organizations (Tomorrows Children\'s Fund, The Project On Government Oversight (POGO) and the Center for Public Integrity (CPI)).
### New York Mets {#new_york_mets}
On May 26, 2011, the New York Mets announced that Einhorn had agreed to buy a minority share of the baseball team for \$200 million. Einhorn had the option to purchase a majority stake in the Mets after three years if current majority owner Fred Wilpon and his family could not meet their financial obligations by then. On September 1, 2011, the Mets announced that they had ended negotiations to sell minority ownership to Einhorn.
### Poker
In 2006, Einhorn finished 18th in the 2006 World Series of Poker Main Event which accounted for \$659,730.
In 2012, Einhorn donated his winnings from the 2012 World Series of Poker Big One for One Drop Tournament (which had a one million dollar buy in, and in which he won \$4,352,000 for his 3rd-place finish) to City Year.
In 2019, Einhorn final tabled the \$50,000 No Limit Hold\'em High Roller (Event #5), also this at the World Series of Poker, when he finished 9th for \$122,551.
As of 2023, Einhorn\'s live tournament winnings counts for 21st in the New York-area and 156th overall in USA (both all-time rankings).
## Court case with an ex-employee {#court_case_with_an_ex_employee}
Former Greenlight Capital employee, James Fishback sued Greenlight for defamation over his job title in May 2024. In the suit, Fishback claimed he worked as "head of macro" at the Greenlight Capital firm, but Greenlight claimed that position never existed. Notable media covered the controversy and the lawsuit that ensued.
Fishback claimed that in the two-and-a-half years he worked at Greenlight Capital, he was promoted twice; first from research analyst to trader and then to head of macro, having generated a total \$100 million in profits for the New York fund during his tenure. In one of their reviews, Greenlight Capital said it did have its \"best year\" in its macro portfolio in 2022, which is the time Fishback' worked with the company
| 473 |
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# Vi et armis
**Trespass *vi et armis*** was a kind of lawsuit at common law called a tort. The form of action alleged a trespass upon person or property *vi et armis*, Latin for \"by force and arms\" The plaintiff would allege in a pleading that the act committing the offense was \"immediately injurious to another\'s property, and therefore necessarily accompanied by some degree of force; and by special action *on the case*, where the act is in itself indifferent and the injury only consequential, and therefore arising without any breach of the peace.\" Thus it was \"immaterial whether the injury was committed willfully or not\".
In *Taylor v. Rainbow*, the defendant negligently discharged a firearm in a public place and caused the loss of the plaintiff\'s leg. The defendant was held to be liable for medical bills as well as lost earnings as a result of the disability. Thus, proof that the act or omission was unintended was no defense to an action of trespass *vi et armis* and the liable party would pay for all consequent damages.
Recovery for damages for a trespass *vi et armis* were limited only to the direct consequences of the act or omission causing the injury. For instance, the state of West Virginia reported that monetary loss for detention from business as an indirect result of the injury were not recoverable under an action for trespass *vi et armis*, but were available under the related action of trespass on the case, also known as an action *ex delicto* \"against the wrong\".
Trespass *vi et armis* was a precursor to many other forms of lawsuits at common law. The cause came to be formulaic and in many cases fictitious. For instance, a lawsuit against a defendant that had spoiled wine with salt water required an allegation that he had done so with bows and arrows. The ancient courts at common law developed trespass upon the case as an alternative pleading to causes of action which arose neither from force nor weapons. In modern times, the specific formalities of the distinction between the two have dropped in favor of notice pleading or code pleading and actions for negligence, battery, trespass to chattels, and conversion.
The related phrase of ***contra pacem regis***, \"against the King\'s peace\", was necessarily not a required element of trespass *vi et armis*, although it was possible for both allegations to appear in a lawsuit when the intentional use of force or weapons breached the peace
| 415 |
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# Weertman Island
**Weertman Island** (66 58 S 67 44 W display=inline,title) is the largest and southernmost of the Bennett Islands, lying in Hanusse Bay. It was mapped from air photos taken by Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) (1947--48) and Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) (1956--57), and named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Johannes Weertman, American metallurgist who proposed a theory of slip of glaciers on their beds and has made important contributions to the theory of glacier flow
| 85 |
Weertman Island
| 0 |
10,021,088 |
# Weyprecht Mountains
**Weyprecht Mountains** (*Weyprechtberge*, *Weprechtfjella*) is a small group of mountains about 15 km west of the Payer Mountains, forming the western half of the Hoel Mountains in Queen Maud Land.
They were discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938--1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for Karl Weyprecht, Austrian polar explorer who in company with Julius Payer discovered Franz Josef Land in 1873, and who initiated the first International Polar Year expedition in 1882--83
| 79 |
Weyprecht Mountains
| 0 |
10,021,101 |
# Hanusse Bay
**Hanusse Bay** is a broad, V-shaped bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. The bay is 20 nmi long and trends generally north--south. It is bordered by Cape Mascart on Anvers Island, and Shmidt Point on Arrowsmith Peninsula, Loubet Coast. At its north entrance, Isacke Passage separates it from Liard Island. It is bounded to the south by a line from Landauer Point, the north point of Hansen Island and Bagnold Point on Arrowsmith Peninsula.
The bay was discovered and first charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908--10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for the director of the Hydrographic Service of the French Navy Ferdinand Isidore Hanusse (1848--1921). Isacke Passage was also charted Charcot\'s expedition. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Captain Christopher J. Isacke, Royal Navy, commanding officer of HMS *Endurance* in the Antarctic Peninsula area, 1972--74
| 149 |
Hanusse Bay
| 0 |
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# Bennett Islands
The **Bennett Islands** are a group of islands at the southwest side of Liard Island in Hanusse Bay, extending in a southwest direction for 6 mi off the west coast of Graham Land. The islands were sighted and sketched from the air in February 1937 by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill. They were named in 1954 by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Arthur G. Bennett, British representative on whaling in the South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands for many years between 1913 and 1927, and acting government naturalist in the Falkland Islands, 1924--38
| 101 |
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| 0 |
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# Liard Island
`{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox islands
| name = Liard Island
| image_name =
| image_caption =
| map = Antarctica
| map_caption = Location in Antarctica
| nickname =
| location = [[Antarctica]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|66|51|S|67|25|W|source:GNIS|display=inline,title}}
| archipelago =
| total_islands =
| major_islands =
| area_km2 =
| length_km = 24
| width_km = 11
| highest_mount =
| elevation_m = 1000
| population = Uninhabited
| population_as_of =
| country = None
| density_km2 =
| ethnic_groups =
| treaty_system = [[Antarctic Treaty System]]
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Liard Island** is a mountainous island, 13 nmi long, 6 nmi wide and rising to 1000 m, situated in the north-central portion of Hanusse Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered and named by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908--10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot
| 139 |
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| 0 |
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# Lumi (software)
Lumi}} `{{Infobox software
| name = lumi software
| logo =
| caption = Screenshot of Bioconductor
| screenshot =
| developer =
| latest_release_version = 2.0
| latest_release_date = March 4, 2007
| operating_system = [[Linux]], [[UNIX]], [[Mac OS X]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
| platform = [[R programming language]] and [[Bioconductor]]
| genre = Analysis of [[Illumina (company)|Illumina]] microarrays
| license = [[GNU General Public License]]
| website = [http://www.bioconductor.org/help/bioc-views/release/bioc/html/lumi.html lumi software release website]
}}`{=mediawiki} **lumi** is a free, open source and open development software project for the analysis and comprehension of Illumina expression and methylation microarray data. The project was started in the summer of 2006 and set out to provide algorithms and data management tools of Illumina in the framework of Bioconductor. It is based on the statistical R programming language.
## Features
The **lumi** package provides an analysis pipeline for probe-level Illumina expression and methylation microarray data, including probe-identifier management (nuID), updated probe-to-gene mapping and annotation using the latest release of RefSeq (nuIDblast), probe-intensity transformation (VST) and normalization (RSN), quality control (QA/QC) and preprocessing methods specific for Illumina methylation data. By extending the ExprSet object with Illumina-specific features, **lumi** is designed to work with other Bioconductor packages, such as Limma and GOstats to detect differential genes and conduct Gene Ontology analysis.
## History
The **lumi** project was started in the summer of 2006 at the Bioinformatics Core Facility of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University. Originally **lumi** was designed for the analysis of Illumina Expression BeadArray data. Starting from 2010 (version \> 2.0), functions of analyzing Illumina methylation microarray data was added. The project team consists of Drs. Pan Du, Simon M. Lin, and Warren A. Kibbe. The project was started upon a request for collaboration from Dr. Serdar E. Bulun to analyze a set of new Illumina microarray data acquired at his lab on the study of the effect of retinoic acids on cancers. Dr. Pan Du led the software development of the project. **lumi** was the first software package to utilize the unique design of redundancy of beadArrays for the data transformation and normalization processes. The first release of **lumi** was on January 3, 2007 through the Bioconductor website. Before its formal release, it was beta-tested at Norwegian Radiumhospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Università degli Studi di Brescia, UC Davis, Wayne State University, NIH, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Harvard University, Washington University, and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
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# Francis Connell
**Francis Gerard Connell** (13 January 1902 -- 16 March 1983) was an Irish cricketer. A right-handed batsman, he made his debut for Ireland in August 1934 against the MCC. He went on to play for Ireland on 11 occasions, his last match coming in July 1938, also against the MCC. Five of his matches for Ireland had first-class status
| 62 |
Francis Connell
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# The Essential Collection: 1965–1997
***The Essential Collection: 1965--1997*** is a box-set compilation album by The Carpenters released in 2002.
## Overview
The box set is a revised version of the 1991 *From the Top*. The tracks are once again attributed by the year of recording. The timeline is extended to 1997 by the inclusion of a single post-1982 track, Richard Carpenter\'s \"Karen\'s Theme\" from *Pianist, Arranger, Composer, Conductor*.
While most of the previously unreleased tracks from *From the Top* were included on *The Essential Collection* several remained absent: a cover of The Beatles \"Good Night\" and Spanish version of \"Sing\" remained exclusive to *From the Top*; another absence are the tracks from Karen Carpenter\'s solo album which was finally released by the time of *The Essential Collection*.
The other difference is that *The Essential Collection* features more of the original mixes of the songs than *From the Top* and some alternative remixes as well.
## Track listings {#track_listings}
### Disc one {#disc_one}
1965--1970 `{{Track listing
| extra_column = Original release, year of recording
| total_length =
| title1 = [[Caravan (1937 song)|Caravan]]
| note1 = Demo
| extra1 = ''[[From the Top (album)|From the Top]]'', 1965
| writer1 = [[Juan Tizol]], [[Irving Mills]]
| length1 = 3:38
| title2 = The Parting of Our Ways
| note2 = Demo
| extra2 = ''From the Top'', 1966
| writer2 = [[Richard Carpenter (musician)|Richard Carpenter]]
| length2 = 2:20
| title3 = [[Looking for Love (Karen Carpenter song)|Looking for Love]]
| extra3 = Non-album single, 1966
| writer3 = Carpenter
| length3 = 1:52
| title4 = I'll Be Yours
| extra4 = Non-album single, 1966
| writer4 = Carpenter
| length4 = 2:28
| title5 = Iced Tea
| note5 = Demo
| extra5 = ''From the Top'', 1966
| writer5 = Carpenter
| length5 = 2:36
| title6 = You'll Love Me
| note6 = Demo
| extra6 = ''From the Top'', 1967
| writer6 = Carpenter
| length6 = 2:27
| title7 = All I Can Do
| note7 = Demo
| extra7 = ''From the Top'', 1967
| writer7 = Carpenter, [[John Bettis]]
| length7 = 1:50
| title8 = Don't Be Afraid
| note8 = Demo
| extra8 = ''From the Top'', 1968
| writer8 = Carpenter
| length8 = 3:20
| title9 = Invocation
| note9 = Demo
| extra9 = ''From the Top'', 1968
| writer9 = Carpenter, Bettis
| length9 = 1:01
| title10 = Your Wonderful Parade
| note10 = Demo
| extra10 = ''From the Top'', 1968
| writer10 = Carpenter, Bettis
| length10 = 2:23
| title11 = [[All of My Life (Carpenters song)|All of My Life]]
| note11 = 1987 remix
| extra11 = ''[[Ticket to Ride (album)|Offering]]'', 1969
| writer11 = Carpenter
| length11 = 3:02
| title12 = Eve
| note12 = 1987 remix
| extra12 = ''Offering'', 1969
| writer12 = Carpenter, Bettis
| length12 = 2:52
| title13 = [[Ticket to Ride (song)|Ticket to Ride]]
| note13 = 1973 version
| extra13 = ''[[The Singles: 1969–1973]]'', 1969
| writer13 = [[Lennon–McCartney|John Lennon, Paul McCartney]]
| length13 = 4:11
| title14 = [[Get Together (The Youngbloods song)|Get Together]]
| note14 = Your Navy Presents version
| extra14 = ''From the Top'', 1970
| writer14 = [[Chet Powers]]
| length14 = 2:40
| title15 = Interview
| note15 = Your Navy Presents
| extra15 = ''From the Top'', 1970
| length15 = 1:35
| title16 = Love is Surrender
| note16 = 1987 remix
| extra16 = ''[[Close to You (The Carpenters album)|Close to You]]'', 1970
| writer16 = [[Ralph Carmichael]]
| length16 = 1:59
| title17 = Maybe It's You
| note17 = 1990 remix
| extra17 = ''Close to You'', 1970
| writer17 = Carpenter, Bettis
| length17 = 3:09
| title18 = [[(They Long to Be) Close to You]]
| note18 = Single version
| extra18 = ''Close to You'', 1970
| writer18 = [[Burt Bacharach]], [[Hal David]]
| length18 = 3:42
| title19 = Mr. Guder
| note19 = 1991 remix
| extra19 = ''Close to You'', 1970
| writer19 = Carpenter, Bettis
| length19 = 3:20
| title20 = [[We've Only Just Begun]]
| extra20 = ''Close to You'', 1970
| writer20 = [[Paul Williams (songwriter)|Paul Williams]], [[Roger Nichols (songwriter)|Roger Nichols]]
| length20 = 3:05
| title21 = [[Merry Christmas Darling]]
| note21 = Single version
| extra21 = Non-album single, 1970
| writer21 = Frank Pooler, Carpenter
| length21 = 3:05
| title22 = [[For All We Know (1970 song)|For All We Know]]
| extra22 = ''[[Carpenters (album)|Carpenters]]'', 1970
| writer22 = [[Fred Karlin]], [[Jimmy Griffin|Arthur James]], [[Robb Royer|Robb Wilson]]
| length22 = 2:32
}}`{=mediawiki}
| 784 |
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| 0 |
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# The Essential Collection: 1965–1997
## Track listings {#track_listings}
### Disc two {#disc_two}
1971--1973 `{{Track listing
| extra_column = Original release, year of recording
| total_length =
| title1 = [[Rainy Days and Mondays]]
| note1 = 1991 remix
| extra1 = ''Carpenters'', 1971
| writer1 = Williams, Nichols
| length1 = 3:36
| title2 = [[Superstar (Delaney and Bonnie song)#Carpenters song|Superstar]]
| extra2 = ''Carpenters'', 1971
| writer2 = [[Leon Russell]], [[Bonnie Bramlett]]
| length2 = 3:45
| title3 = [[Let Me Be the One (The Carpenters song)|Let Me Be the One]]
| extra3 = ''Carpenters'', 1971
| writer3 = Williams, Nichols
| length3 = 2:50
| title4 = [[Bless the Beasts and Children (song)|Bless the Beasts and Children]]
| note4 = 1991 remix
| extra4 = ''[[A Song for You (The Carpenters album)|A Song for You]]'', 1972
| writer4 = [[Barry DeVorzon]], [[Perry Botkin Jr.]]
| length4 = 3:15
| title5 = [[Hurting Each Other]]
| extra5 = ''A Song for You'', 1972
| writer5 = Gary Geld, Peter Udell
| length5 = 2:46
| title6 = [[It's Going to Take Some Time]]
| extra6 = ''A Song for You'', 1972
| writer6 = [[Carole King]], [[Toni Stern]]
| length6 = 2:55
| title7 = [[I Won't Last a Day Without You]]
| note7 = 1991 remix
| extra7 = ''A Song for You'', 1972
| writer7 = Williams, Nichols
| length7 = 3:54
| title8 = [[A Song for You]]
| note8 = 1987 remix
| extra8 = ''A Song for You'', 1972
| writer8 = Russel
| length8 = 4:42
| title9 = [[Top of the World (The Carpenters song)|Top of the World]]
| extra9 = ''A Song for You'', 1972
| writer9 = Carpenter, Bettis
| length9 = 2:59
| title10 = [[Goodbye to Love]]
| note10 = 1985 remix
| extra10 = ''A Song for You'', 1972
| writer10 = Carpenter, Bettis
| length10 = 4:00
| title11 = [[This Masquerade]]
| note11 = 1990 remix
| extra11 = ''[[Now & Then (The Carpenters album)|Now & Then]]'', 1973
| writer11 = Russell
| length11 = 4:53
| title12 = [[Sing (Joe Raposo song)|Sing]]
| note12 = 1994 remix
| extra12 = ''Now & Then'', 1973
| writer12 = [[Joe Raposo]]
| length12 = 3:18
| title13 = [[Jambalaya (On the Bayou)]]
| note13 = 1991 remix
| extra13 = ''Now & Then'', 1973
| writer13 = [[Hank Williams]], [[Moon Mullican]]
| length13 = 3:42
| title14 = [[Yesterday Once More (song)|Yesterday Once More]]
| note14 = 1985 remix
| extra14 = ''Now & Then'', 1973
| writer14 = Carpenter, Bettis
| length14 = 3:50
| title15 = Oldies Medley"
*(a) "[[Fun, Fun, Fun]]"
*(b) "[[The End of the World (Skeeter Davis song)|The End of the World]]"
*(c) "[[Da Doo Ron Ron|Da Doo Ron Ron (When He Walked Me Home)]]"
*(d) "[[Dead Man's Curve (song)|Dead Man's Curve]]"
*(e) "[[Johnny Angel (song)|Johnny Angel]]"
*(f) "[[The Night Has a Thousand Eyes (song)|The Night Has a Thousand Eyes]]"
*(g) "[[Our Day Will Come]]"
*(h) "[[One Fine Day (song)|One Fine Day]]"
| note15 = 1991 remix
| extra15 = ''Now & Then'', 1973
| writer15 = <br />
*(a) [[Brian Wilson]], [[Mike Love]]
*(b) Arthur Kent, [[Sylvia Dee]]
*(c) [[Ellie Greenwich]], [[Jeff Barry]], [[Phil Spector]]
*(d) [[Jan Berry]], [[Roger Christian (songwriter)|Roger Christian]], Wilson, [[Artie Kornfeld]]
*(e) Lyn Duddy, [[Lee Pockriss]]
*(f) [[Ben Weisman|Benjamin Weisman]], Dorothy Wayne, Marilynn Garrett
*(g) [[Bob Hilliard]], [[Mort Garson]]
*(h) King, [[Gerry Goffin]]
| length15 = 14:55
| title16 = Yesterday Once More
| note16 = Reprise, 1990 remix
| extra16 = ''Now & Then'', 1973
| writer16 = Carpenter, Bettis
| length16 = 1:02
| title17 = Radio Contest Outtakes
| extra17 = ''From the Top'', 1973
| writer17 =
| length17 = 1:53
}}`{=mediawiki}
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| 1 |
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# The Essential Collection: 1965–1997
## Track listings {#track_listings}
### Disc three {#disc_three}
1974--1978 `{{Track listing
| extra_column = Original release, year of recording
| total_length =
| title1 = Morinaga Hi-Crown Chocolate Commercial
| extra1 = Previously unreleased, 1974
| writer1 =
| length1 = 0:35
| title2 = [[Please Mr. Postman#The Carpenters version|Please Mr. Postman]]
| note2 = 1991 remix
| extra2 = ''[[Horizon (The Carpenters album)|Horizon]]'', 1974
| writer2 = [[Georgia Dobbins]], William Garrett, [[Freddie Gorman]], [[Brian Holland]], Robert Bateman
| length2 = 2:52
| title3 = [[Santa Claus Is Coming to Town|Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town]]
| note3 = 1984 version
| extra3 = ''[[An Old-Fashioned Christmas]]'', 1974
| writer3 = [[John Frederick Coots|J. Fred Coots]], [[Haven Gillespie]]
| length3 = 4:08
| title4 = [[Only Yesterday (song)|Only Yesterday]]
| extra4 = ''Horizon'', 1975
| writer4 = Carpenter, Bettis
| length4 = 3:59
| title5 = [[Solitaire (Neil Sedaka song)|Solitaire]]
| extra5 = ''Horizon'', 1975
| writer5 = [[Neil Sedaka]], Phil Cody
| length5 = 4:40
| title6 = [[Tryin' to Get the Feeling Again#Carpenters' version|Tryin' to Get the Feeling Again]]
| note6 = 1990 remix
| extra6 = ''[[Interpretations: A 25th Anniversary Celebration|Interpretations]]'', 1975
| writer6 = [[David Pomeranz]]
| length6 = 4:21
| title7 = Good Friends Are for Keeps
| extra7 = ''From the Top'', 1975
| writer7 = Jon Silberman
| length7 = 1:08
| title8 = Ordinary Fool
| extra8 = ''[[Voice of the Heart]]'', 1976
| writer8 = Williams
| length8 = 3:43
| title9 = Sandy
| extra9 = ''[[A Kind of Hush (album)|A Kind of Hush]]'', 1976
| writer9 = Carpenter, Bettis
| length9 = 3:41
| title10 = [[There's a Kind of Hush]]
| extra10 = ''A Kind of Hush'', 1976
| note10 = 1985 remix
| writer10 = [[Geoff Stephens]], [[Les Reed (songwriter)|Les Reed]]
| length10 = 2:56
| title11 = [[I Need to Be in Love]]
| note11 = 1990 remix
| extra11 = ''[[A Kind of Hush (album)|A Kind of Hush]]'', 1976
| writer11 = Carpenter, Bettis, [[Albert Hammond]]
| length11 = 3:48
| title12 = [[From This Moment On (Cole Porter song)|From This Moment On]]
| note12 = Live
| extra12 = ''[[Live at the Palladium (The Carpenters album)|Live at the Palladium]]'', 1976
| writer12 = [[Cole Porter]]
| length12 = 2:13
| title13 = Suntory Pop Jingle #1
| extra13 = ''From the Top'', 1977
| writer13 = Hiromasa Suzuki, Yoko Narahashi
| length13 = 0:33
| title14 = Suntory Pop Jingle #2
| extra14 = ''From the Top'', 1977
| writer14 = Tatsushi Umegaki, Yoko Narahashi
| length14 = 0:34
| title15 = [[All You Get from Love Is a Love Song]]
| extra15 = ''[[Passage (The Carpenters album)|Passage]]'', 1977
| writer15 = Steve Eaton
| length15 = 3:46
| title16 = [[Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft]]
| note16 = 1989 remix
| extra16 = ''Passage'', 1977
| writer16 = [[Terry Draper]], John Woloschuk
| length16 = 7:10
| title17 = [[Sweet, Sweet Smile]]
| extra17 = ''Passage'', 1977
| writer17 = [[Otha Young]], [[Juice Newton]]
| length17 = 3:02
| title18 = Christ Is Born
| note18 = 1991 remix
| extra18 = ''[[Christmas Portrait]]'', 1977
| writer18 = Domenico Bartolucci, [[Ray Charles]]
| length18 = 3:12
| title19 = [[White Christmas (song)|White Christmas]]
| note19 = 1991 remix
| extra19 = ''Christmas Portrait'', 1977
| writer19 = [[Irving Berlin]]
| length19 = 2:29
| title20 = [[Little Altar Boy]]
| extra20 = ''An Old-Fashioned Christmas'', 1978
| writer20 = Howlett Smith
| length20 = 3:44
| title21 = [[Hail Mary#Musical settings|Ave Maria]]
| note21 = 1991 remix
| extra21 = ''Christmas Portrait'', 1978
| writer21 = [[Johann Sebastian Bach]], [[Charles Gounod]])
| length21 = 2:37
}}`{=mediawiki}
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| 2 |
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# The Essential Collection: 1965–1997
## Track listings {#track_listings}
### Disc four {#disc_four}
1978--1997 `{{Track listing
| extra_column = Original release, year of recording
| total_length =
| title1 = [[Where Do I Go from Here (England Dan & John Ford Coley song)|Where Do I Go from Here?]]
| extra1 = ''[[Lovelines]]'', 1978
| writer1 = Parker McGee
| length1 = 4:26
| title2 = [[Little Girl Blue (song)|Little Girl Blue]]
| extra2 = ''Lovelines'', 1978
| writer2 = [[Richard Rodgers]], [[Lorenz Hart]]
| length2 = 3:24
| title3 = [[I Believe You#Carpenters cover)|I Believe You]]
| extra3 = ''[[Made in America (The Carpenters album)|Made in America]]'', 1978
| writer3 = Don Addrisi, Dick Addrisi
| length3 = 3:54
| title4 = [[If I Had You (The Carpenters song)|If I Had You]]
| extra4 = ''Lovelines'', 1979
| writer4 = [[Steve Dorff]], Gary Harju, Larry Herbstritt
| length4 = 3:57
| title5 = Karen/Ella Medley"{{ref|a|[a]}}
*(a) "This Masquerade"
*(b) "[[My Funny Valentine]]"
*(c) "[[I'll Be Seeing You (song)|I'll Be Seeing You]]"
*(d) "[[Someone to Watch Over Me (song)|Someone to Watch Over Me]]"
*(e) "[[As Time Goes By (song)|As Time Goes By]]"
*(f) "[[Don't Get Around Much Anymore]]"
*(g) "[[I Let a Song Go Out of My Heart]]
| extra5 = ''[[As Time Goes By (The Carpenters album)|As Time Goes By]]'', 1980
| writer5 = <br />
*(a) Russell
*(b) [[Richard Rodgers]], [[Lorenz Hart]]
*(c) [[Sammy Fain]], [[Irving Kahal]]
*(d) [[George Gershwin]], [[Ira Gershwin]]
*(e) [[Herman Hupfeld]]
*(f) [[Duke Ellington]], [[Bob Russell (songwriter)|Bob Russell]]
*(g) Ellington, [[Irving Mills]]
| length5 = 5:57
| title6 = 1980 Medley"
*(a) "[[Sing (Joe Raposo song)|Sing]]"
*(b) "Knowing When to Leave"
*(c) "[[Make It Easy on Yourself]]"
*(d) "Someday"
*(e) "We've Only Just Begun
| extra6 = ''From the Top'', 1980
| writer6 = <br />
*(a) Raposo
*(b) Bacharach, David
*(c) Bacharach, David
*(d) Carpenter, Bettis
*(e) Williams, Nichols
| length6 = 9:08
| title7 = [[Make Believe It's Your First Time#Karen Carpenter versions|Make Believe It's Your First Time]]
| extra7 = ''[[Made in America (The Carpenters album)|Made in America]]'', 1980
| writer7 = [[Bob Morrison (songwriter)|Bob Morrison]], Johnny Wilson
| length7 = 4:08
| title8 = [[Touch Me When We're Dancing]]
| extra8 = ''[[Made in America (The Carpenters album)|Made in America]]'', 1981
| writer8 = Terry Skinner, Kenny Bell, J.L
| 388 |
The Essential Collection: 1965–1997
| 3 |
10,021,158 |
# Meaghan Francella
**Meaghan Francella** (born May 12, 1982) is an American professional golfer currently playing on the LPGA Tour.
## Early life and amateur career {#early_life_and_amateur_career}
Francella was born in Port Chester, New York and was twice the New York State Junior Champion. She attended high school at the School of the Holy Child in Rye, New York. After high school, she attended the University of Memphis, where she was named Conference USA Freshman of the Year in 2001. Francella transferred to the University of North Carolina for her junior year. While at North Carolina she was the 2003 Atlantic Coast Conference individual champion and was an NCAA First-Team All-American in 2004. Francella graduated with a degree in communications in 2005.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
After completing her college eligibility in 2004, Francella joined the Futures Tour. She finished 65th at the 2005 LPGA Qualifying School to earn non-exempt status for the 2006 season. In 2006, she made three starts on the LPGA Tour, making one cut. On the Futures Tour, she won one event, the Lakeland Duramed FUTURES Classic, and recorded six additional top-10 finishes. She ended the season fifth on the Futures Tour money list which earned her fully exempt status on the LPGA Tour for 2007.
Francella\'s first win on the LPGA Tour came in her second start of 2007 at the MasterCard Classic, where she scored 68-68-69 with only two bogies over the three-round tournament and then held off world number one Annika Sörenstam in a four-hole playoff.
## Professional wins (3) {#professional_wins_3}
### LPGA Tour wins (1) {#lpga_tour_wins_1}
+-----+--------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------+------------------+
| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of\ | Runner-up |
| | | | | victory | |
+=====+==============+====================+====================+============+==================+
| 1 | Mar 11, 2007 | MasterCard Classic | −11 (68-68-69=205) | Playoff | Annika Sörenstam |
+-----+--------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------+------------------+
**LPGA Tour playoff record (1--0)**
No. Year Tournament Opponent Result
----- ------ -------------------- ------------------ --------------------------------------
1 2007 MasterCard Classic Annika Sörenstam Won with birdie on fourth extra hole
### Futures Tour wins (1) {#futures_tour_wins_1}
- 2006 (1) Lakeland Duramed Futures Classic
### Other wins (1) {#other_wins_1}
- 2010 (1) HSBC LPGA Brasil Cup (unofficial event on the LPGA Tour)
## Results in LPGA majors {#results_in_lpga_majors}
Tournament 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014--21 2022
--------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ---------- ------
Chevron Championship T5 70 T5 CUT T25 CUT
U.S. Women\'s Open CUT CUT T17 T34 T42
Women\'s PGA Championship T21 T77 T71 T7 CUT T67 CUT CUT
The Evian Championship \^
Women\'s British Open CUT CUT T69 CUT
\^ The Evian Championship was added as a major in 2013. `{{legend|yellow|Top 10}}`{=mediawiki} `{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}}`{=mediawiki} CUT = missed the half-way cut\
T = tied
## LPGA Tour career summary {#lpga_tour_career_summary}
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><p>Year</p></th>
<th><p>Tournaments<br />
played</p></th>
<th><p>Cuts<br />
made*</p></th>
<th><p>Wins</p></th>
<th><p>2nd</p></th>
<th><p>3rd</p></th>
<th><p>Top 10s</p></th>
<th><p>Best<br />
finish</p></th>
<th><p>Earnings ($)</p></th>
<th><p>Money<br />
list rank</p></th>
<th><p>Scoring<br />
average</p></th>
<th><p>Scoring<br />
rank</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2005</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>T69</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>2,525</p></td>
<td><p>n/a</p></td>
<td><p>75.00</p></td>
<td><p>n/a</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>2006</p></td>
<td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>T39</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>5,5554</p></td>
<td><p>183</p></td>
<td><p>73.75</p></td>
<td><p>n/a</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2007</p></td>
<td><p>25</p></td>
<td><p>18</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>4</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>507,292</p></td>
<td><p>29</p></td>
<td><p>73.09</p></td>
<td><p>66</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>2008</p></td>
<td><p>24</p></td>
<td><p>11</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>T13</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>117,682</p></td>
<td><p>88</p></td>
<td><p>73.75</p></td>
<td><p>131</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2009</p></td>
<td><p>22</p></td>
<td><p>16</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>T5</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>292,266</p></td>
<td><p>48</p></td>
<td><p>72.51</p></td>
<td><p>63</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>2010</p></td>
<td><p>21</p></td>
<td><p>17</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>T7</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>168,016</p></td>
<td><p>57</p></td>
<td><p>73.04</p></td>
<td><p>77</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2011</p></td>
<td><p>15</p></td>
<td><p>8</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>T22</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>66,813</p></td>
<td><p>84</p></td>
<td><p>74.23</p></td>
<td><p>117</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>2012</p></td>
<td><p>15</p></td>
<td><p>4</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>T24</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>28,935</p></td>
<td><p>116</p></td>
<td><p>74.37</p></td>
<td><p>121</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>2013</p></td>
<td><p>14</p></td>
<td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p>T71</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>7,838</p></td>
<td><p>148</p></td>
<td><p>74.10</p></td>
<td><p>133</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
- Official through November 24, 2013
\* Includes matchplay and other events without a cut
| 666 |
Meaghan Francella
| 0 |
10,021,159 |
# Teófilo Benito
**Teófilo Benito** (22 July 1966 in Alcolea de Calatrava -- 15 August 2004 in Madrid) was a Spanish middle distance runner, who specialized in the 1500 metres.
Benito competed at the 1987 and 1991 World Championships, reaching the semi-final heat on both occasions. He won a bronze medal at the 1987 Mediterranean Games and finished fourteenth at the 1986 Goodwill Games
| 64 |
Teófilo Benito
| 0 |
10,021,168 |
# Valerius of Saragossa
**Saint Valerius of Saragossa** (*San Valero*; *Sant Valero*) (d. 315 AD) is the patron saint of Saragossa. He was bishop of this city from 290 until his death. He assisted at the Council of Elvira. His feast day is January 29.
## History
Saint Valerius (4th century) was born in Caesaraugusta (Saragossa) and became bishop of the city. He participated in the council of Elbira (Granada), possibly around the year 306, and ordained Vincent of Saragossa as a deacon, commissioned to preach in the diocese. Since Valerius had a speech impediment, Vincent became his spokesman. Valerius has been described as somewhat timid and retiring. Both Valerius and Vincent suffered imprisonment under Diocletian.
Valerius was held captive in Valencia during Diocletian\'s persecution and banished for a time. to a place called Enetum, near Barbastro. He died about 315.
## Veneration
In 1050, some remains that were considered his were transferred to Roda de Isábena, and from 1118, after the entry into Zaragoza of the Christian troops of Alfonso I, the Battler, these remains were transferred to Zaragoza in successive shipments throughout several decades.
A chapel dedicated to him can be found at the Catedral del Salvador. It includes a baroque entryway of gilded wood from the seventeenth century with scenes of the saints Valerius, Vincent, and Lawrence. The walls were painted by García Ferrer. There is also a reliquary bust of San Valerio, which was donated by Pope Benedict XIII in 1397. There is a statue of San Valerio on the sepulcher of Abbot Lope Marco in the Monastery of Santa María de Veruela. Valerio was also honored in Ribagorça.
### Patronage
Venerated by the people of Zaragoza, he is the patron saint of the city.
It is traditional to mark the feast of San Valerio by eating roscones. The sweet bread-based ring-shaped dessert is decorated with candied fruit and icing and represents the saint\'s crown. According to the Provincial Association of Confectionery and Pastry Entrepreneurs of Zaragoza, which brings together some 60 establishments, for San Valero the Aragonese usually consume more than 150,000 roscones to sweeten the after-meal. Since 1992, it has been customary to taste the traditional roscón in the Plaza del Pilar in front of Zaragoza City Hall and then go to enjoy shows and other events that usually take place in places such as the Plaza de San Pedro Nolasco
| 397 |
Valerius of Saragossa
| 0 |
10,021,176 |
# Outback Nunataks
The **Outback Nunataks** (72 30 S 160 30 E name=Outback Nunataks) are a series of bare rock nunataks and mountains which are distributed over an area about 40 nmi long by 20 nmi wide. The group lies south of Emlen Peaks of the Usarp Mountains and west of Monument Nunataks and upper Rennick Glacier, adjacent to the featureless interior plateau.
## Exploration and naming {#exploration_and_naming}
The Outback Nunataks were discovered by the United States Victoria Land Traverse party, 1959--60, and mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1959--64. They were so named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for their remote position at the posterior side of the large mountain belt that extends from the Ross Sea to the interior ice plateau.
## Location
The terrain to the west of the nunataks is a featureless expanse of the polar plateau. The Emlen Peaks of the Usarp Mountains and the Helliwell Hills are to the north. The Rennick Glacier, the Freyberg Mountains, the Monument Nunataks and the Mesa Range are to the east. The Rennick Névé and the Sequence Hills are to the south.
## Northwestern features {#northwestern_features}
Northwestern features include Mount Southard, Welcome Mountain, De Camp Nunatak, The Office Girls, Oona Cliff, Mount Walton, Mount Chadwick and Coleman Bluffs.
### Mount Southard {#mount_southard}
. A lone mountain 2,400 m high standing 5 nmi northwest of Welcome Mountain in the northwest extremity of the Outback Nunataks. Named by US-ACAN for Rupert B. Southard, Chief, Office of International Activities, USGS, with responsibility for USGS field parties working in Antarctica; later Chief of the Topograpic Division of USGS.
### Welcome Mountain {#welcome_mountain}
. A very prominent mountain that is surmounted by three peaks, the highest 2,505 m high, standing 5 nmi southeast of Mount Southard. Discovered and named by the United States Victoria Land Traverse party, 1959-60. So named because it was the first mountain visited by the traverse party after crossing the interior plateau and not seeing any mountains or landmark features for nearly three months.
### De Camp Nunatak {#de_camp_nunatak}
. A lone nunatak standing 3 nmi southeast of Welcome Mountain. Named by US-ACAN for Michael A. de Camp, biologist at McMurdo Station, 1966-67.
### The Office Girls {#the_office_girls}
. Two prominent rock nunataks along an ice cliff, situated 7 nmi southwest of Welcome Mountain. Named by US-ACAN to express appreciation for the dedicated support provided to Antarctic programs by home-based personnel.
### Oona Cliff {#oona_cliff}
. A north-facing rock and ice cliff, about 4 nmi long, situated just northwest of Mount Walton. Named by US-ACAN for Hain Oona, ionospheric physicist at South Pole Station, 1968.
### Mount Walton {#mount_walton}
. A sharp, bare mountain 2,460 m high rising midway between Oona Cliff and Mount Chadwick. Named by US-ACAN for Fred W. Walton, geomagnetist/seismologist at South Pole Station, 1968.
### Mount Chadwick {#mount_chadwick}
. A small, bare rock mountain 2,440 m high situated 2.5 nmi east-southeast of Mount Walton. Named by US-ACAN for Dan M. Chadwick, meteorologist at South Pole Station, 1968.
### Coleman Bluffs {#coleman_bluffs}
. A loose chain of rock and ice bluffs that trend generally north--south for 5 nmi, situated near the center of the Outback Nunataks, about 10 nmi northwest of Mount Weihaupt. Named by US-ACAN for Harold L. Coleman, meteorologist at South Pole Station, 1968.
## Northeastern features {#northeastern_features}
Northeastern features include Doe Nunatak, Doescher Nunatak and Wu Nunatak.
### Doe Nunatak {#doe_nunatak}
. A somewhat isolated nunatak, situated 3 nmi west-northwest of Doescher Nunatak and 15 nmi north-northwest of Mount Weihaupt. Named by US-ACAN after Wilfred I. Doe, United States Navy, hospital corpsman with the McMurdo Station winter party, 1967.
### Doescher Nunatak {#doescher_nunatak}
. A somewhat isolated nunatak situated 13 nmi north of Mount Weihaupt. Named by US-ACAN for Roger L. Doescher, glaciologist, McMurdo Station, 1967-68.
### Wu Nunatak {#wu_nunatak}
. A nunatak about 8 nmi north-northeast of Mount Weihaupt. Named by US-ACAN for Tien H. Wu, glaciologist at McMurdo Station, 1966-67.
| 671 |
Outback Nunataks
| 0 |
10,021,176 |
# Outback Nunataks
## Southwestern features {#southwestern_features}
Southwestern features include Mount Joern, Mount Bower, Mount Spatz, Roberts Butte, Miller Butte, Mount Koons, Chan Rocks and Saunders Bluff.
### Mount Joern {#mount_joern}
. A ridgelike mountain 2,510 m high standing 3 nmi northwest of Mount Bower. Named by US-ACAN for Albert T. Joern, a researcher in physiopsychology with the winter party at South Pole Station, 1968.
### Mount Bower {#mount_bower}
. A prominent mountain 2,610 m high standing 6 nmi east-northeast of Roberts Butte. Named by US-ACAN for John R. Bower, ionospheric physicist at South Pole Station, 1968.
### Mount Spatz {#mount_spatz}
. A mountain, 2,270 m high, standing 10 nmi west-southwest of Mount Weihaupt. Named by US-AC AN for Richard Spatz, station engineer at McMurdo Station, 1968.
### Roberts Butte {#roberts_butte}
. A striking, flat-topped butte 2,830 m high.that is very prominent and can be seen from great distances standing 2 nmi northwest of Miller Butte. Discovered by the United States Victoria Land Traverse Party, 1959-60. Louis J. Roberts, USGS surveyor with this party, proposed the name \"Flattop Mountain,\" but to avoid duplication the US-ACAN named it for Roberts who was first to survey the feature.
### Miller Butte {#miller_butte}
. A large rock butte located 2 nmi southeast of Roberts Butte. Named by US-ACAN for Carl D. Miller, geophysicist at McMurdo Station, 1967-68.
### Mount Koons {#mount_koons}
. A small mountain situated 1 nmi east of Miller Butte. Named by US-ACAN for Robert W. Koons, United States ArmyRP logistics coordinator with the McMurdo Station winter party, 1968.
### Chan Rocks {#chan_rocks}
. A group of rocks along an ice bluff situated 5 nmi southeast of Miller Butte. Named by US-ACAN for Lian Chan, engaged in laboratory management, McMurdo Station winter party, 1968.
### Saunders Bluff {#saunders_bluff}
. A small, isolated bluff standing 9 nmi east-southeast of Miller Butte. Named by US-ACAN for Jeffrey J. Saunders, biolab technician at McMurdo Station, 1965-66.
## Southeastern features {#southeastern_features}
Southeastern features include Derbyshire Peak, Mount Blair, Nims Peak, Mount Weihaupt and Womochel Peaks.
### Derbyshire Peak {#derbyshire_peak}
. A small rock peak 5 nmi north-northeast of Mount Weihaupt. Named by US-ACAN for Edward Derbyshire, geologist at McMurdo Station, 1966-67.
### Mount Blair {#mount_blair}
. A small but conspicuous mountain 2,120 m high standing 6 nmi northwest of Mount Weihaupt. Named by US-ACAN for Terence T. Blair, biologist at McMurdo Station, 1966-67.
### Nims Peak {#nims_peak}
. A sharp rock peak about 3 nmi northwest of Mount Weihaupt. Named by US-ACAN for David J. Nims, ionospheric physicist at McMurdo Station, 1968.
### Mount Weihaupt {#mount_weihaupt}
. A large, bare mountain 2,285 m high which stands 10 nmi east of Mount Bower and is the dominant feature in the east part of the Outback Nunataks. First mapped by the United States Victoria Land Traverse party, 1959-60. Named by US-ACAN for John G. Weihaupt, seismologist with this party.
### Womochel Peaks {#womochel_peaks}
. Low rock peaks about 2 nmi south of Mount Weihaupt. Named by US-ACAN for Daniel R. Womochel, biologist at McMurdo Station, 1967-68.
## Nearby features {#nearby_features}
Nearby features include, clockwise from the north, Potter Nunataks, Fitzsimmons Nunataks, Johannessen Nunataks, Frontier Mountain and Wilds Nunatak.
### Potter Nunataks {#potter_nunataks}
. A group of small, rather isolated nunataks about 6 nmi southwest of the Helliwell Hills and 20 nmi northeast of Welcome Mountain of the Outback Nunataks. Named by US-ACAN for Neal Potter, economist, McMurdo Station, 1965-66, who made a study of the economic potentials of Antarctica.
### Fitzsimmons Nunataks {#fitzsimmons_nunataks}
. A group of small nunataks about 27 nmi east-northeast of Welcome Mountain of the Outback Nunataks and 8 nmi southeast of Helliwell Hills. Named by US-ACAN for John M. Fitzsimmons, biologist at McMurdo Station, 1965-66.
### Johannessen Nunataks {#johannessen_nunataks}
. An isolated, ridgelike outcropping of rocks about 4 nmi long, standing 15 nmi south of Mount Weihaupt in the south extremity of the Outback Nunataks. Named by US-ACAN for Karl R. Johannessen, meteorologist at McMurdo Station, 1967-68.
### Frontier Mountain {#frontier_mountain}
. A large, mainly ice-free mountain 2,805 m high situated 20 nmi south-southeast of Roberts Butte of the Outback Nunataks, and 11 nmi west-northwest of the Sequence Hills, near the edge of the featureless, interior ice plateau. Named by the northern party of NZGSAE, 1962-63, because of its geographical location.
### Wilds Nunatak {#wilds_nunatak}
. A lone nunatak located 2 nmi west of the south end of Frontier Mountain. Named by US-ACAN for Ronald F. Wilds, aviation machinist\'s mate with USN Squadron VX-6 at McMurdo Station, 1966
| 755 |
Outback Nunataks
| 1 |
10,021,178 |
# Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico
The **lieutenant governor of New Mexico** (*vicegobernador de Nuevo México*) is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of New Mexico, ranking just below the governor. Thirty individuals have held the office of lieutenant governor since statehood, two of them serving non-consecutively. The incumbent is Howie Morales, a Democrat.
## Election and term of office {#election_and_term_of_office}
The lieutenant governor is elected on a joint ticket with the governor for a four-year term. While the governor and lieutenant governor are elected on the same ticket in the general election, the candidates run separately during primary elections.
Prior to November 4, 2008, the New Mexico State Constitution did not provide for the nomination of a replacement for lieutenant governor after the governor\'s office was succeeded. Section 16 of Article V of the New Mexico State Constitution gives the governor the power to nominate a replacement for lieutenant governor upon confirmation of the nominee by a majority of the State Senate.
## Powers and duties {#powers_and_duties}
The lieutenant governor is the first person in the gubernatorial line of succession by virtue of the New Mexico Constitution. Thus, the lieutenant governor serves as acting governor whenever the incumbent governor is absent from the state, incapacitated by reason of illness, or impeached by the House of Representatives and otherwise becomes governor in the event of the incumbent\'s death, resignation, or removal from office. Likewise, the lieutenant governor is ex officio president of the Senate. In this capacity as Senate president, the lieutenant governor has plenary authority to preserve decorum, to rule on points of order, and to certify all instruments of process coming before the Senate. The lieutenant governor may also cast tie-breaking votes, but only when the Senate is equally divided on a question.
Aside from these constitutional functions, the lieutenant governor performs several statutory functions. Foremost among them, the lieutenant governor serves as an ombudsperson for the whole of state government, investigating and attempting to resolve citizen complaints filed by New Mexicans in relation to their dealings with state agencies. The lieutenant governor is also a statutory member of the governor\'s Cabinet and of various state boards and commissions.
| 369 |
Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico
| 0 |
10,021,178 |
# Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico
## List of lieutenant governors of New Mexico {#list_of_lieutenant_governors_of_new_mexico}
The office of lieutenant governor was created on January 6, 1912, the year New Mexico was admitted into the Union as the 48th state. Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca served as New Mexico\'s first lieutenant governor. Over the intervening years, New Mexico has had 27 individuals in the lieutenant governor\'s office, two of whom have served non-consecutive terms. The last lieutenant governor to succeed to the governorship was Tom Bolack, following the resignation of Edwin L. Mechem on November 30, 1962. Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca is the only lieutenant governor to be elected as governor in a later term.
\# Image Lt. Governor Took office Left office Party Governor(s) served with Years in office \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} 1 Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca January 6, 1912 January 1, 1917 Democratic \|William C. McDonald 5 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} 2 Washington E. Lindsey January 1, 1917 February 18, 1917 Republican \|Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca 1 `{{frac|1|6}}`{=mediawiki}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- -------------- ------------- ------------- ------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---- -- ------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------ ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------- ----------------------- -------------------- ------------------- ----------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
*Office vacant from* *February 18, 1917 -- January 1, 1919* \|Washington E. Lindsey \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} 3 Benjamin F. Pankey January 1, 1919 January 1, 1921 Republican Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo 2 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} 4 William Duckworth January 1, 1921 January 1, 1923 Republican Merritt C. Mechem 2 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}
*Office vacant from* *May `{{Data missing|?|date=January 2025}}`{=mediawiki}, 1924 -- January 1, 1925* \|James F. Hinkle \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} 6 Edward G. Sargent January 1, 1925 January 1, 1929 Republican \|Arthur T. Hannett 4 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} Richard C. Dillon \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} 7 Hugh B. Woodward January 1, 1929 July 1929 Republican Richard C. Dillon
*Office vacant from* *July `{{Data missing|?|date=January 2025}}`{=mediawiki}, 1929 -- January 1, 1931* \|Richard C. Dillon \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} 8 Andrew W. Hockenhull January 1, 1931 September 25, 1933 Democratic Arthur Seligman 2 `{{frac|3|4}}`{=mediawiki}
*Office vacant from* *September 25, 1933 -- January 1, 1935* \|Andrew W. Hockenhull \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} 9 Louis Cabeza de Baca January 1, 1935 January 1, 1937 Democratic Clyde Tingley 2 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} 10 Hiram M. Dow January 1, 1937 January 1, 1939 Democratic Clyde Tingley 2 \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki}
*Office vacant from* *April `{{Data missing|?|date=January 2025}}`{=mediawiki}, 1957 -- January 1, 1959* \|Edwin L. Mechem \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} 17 Ed V. Mead January 1, 1959 January 1, 1961 Democratic John Burroughs 2 \|- `{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} 18 Tom Bolack January 1, 1961 November 30, 1962 Democratic Edwin L. Mechem 1 `{{frac|5|6}}`{=mediawiki}
*Office vacant from* *November 30, 1962 -- January 1, 1963* \|Tom Bolack \|- `{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} 19 Mack Easley January 1, 1963 January 1, 1967 Democratic Jack M
| 458 |
Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico
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# Natalie Bodanya
**Natalie Bodanya** (August 23, 1908 -- March 4, 2007) was an American operatic soprano who had an active international career from the late 1920s through the 1940s. She notably sang at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City from 1937 through 1942 and was a performer with the New York City Opera during the company\'s 1943-1944 inaugural season.
## Biography
Born **Natalia Bodanskaya** in Manhattan, Bodanya grew up in an apartment building on the borough\'s Upper East Side. One of her neighbors was an employee at the Union Settlement, a music school in Bodanya\'s neighborhood. Her neighbor provided her with the opportunity to receive her first music lessons at the school and eventually provided her with the opportunity to audition for famed coloratura soprano Marcella Sembrich. Impressed, Sembrich took on Bodanya as her student and through her support, Bodanya was able to enroll at the Curtis Institute of Music. After graduating she continued with further vocal studies under Sylvan Levin.
While studying at Curtis, Bodanya made her professional opera debut on December 26, 1929, as Blonde in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart\'s *Die Entführung aus dem Serail* with the Philadelphia Grand Opera Company at the Academy of Music under conductor Emil Młynarski. At the time of her debut, Natalie Bodanya billed herself as Natalie Bodanskaya. She shortened her name as of December 22, 1936, to lessen confusion with the mezzo-soprano Ina Bourskaya and the conductor Artur Bodanzky.
After several years of performing with second tier companies in the United States, Bodanya was invited by Edward Johnson to join the roster of principal artists at the Metropolitan Opera. She made her debut with the company as Micaela in Georges Bizet\'s *Carmen* on May 11, 1936, with Bruna Castagna in the title role, Armand Tokatyan as Don José, Carlo Morelli as Escamillo, and Gennaro Papi conducting. Her portrayal of Micaela later appeared on the January 7, 1937 Metropolitan Opera radio broadcast on January 7, 1937, in which her performance shines through as one of the great creations of that role.
Bodanya remained on the Met roster for the next seven consecutive seasons, taking only a brief hiatus from performance for a few months after her 1938 marriage to William Gorman, a philosophy professor who collaborated with Mortimer Adler. She notably sang Elisetta in the Met\'s first staging of Domenico Cimarosa\'s *Il matrimonio segreto* on February 25, 1937, with Muriel Dickson as Carolina, Irra Petina as Fidalma, George Rasely as Paolino, Louis D\'Angelo as Geronimo, and Ettore Panizza conducting. Among the other roles she portrayed on the Met stage were an American Girl in Walter Damrosch\'s *The Man Without a Country*, Ellen in *Lakmé*, an Errand Girl in *Louise*, the Forest Bird in *Siegfried*, the First Esquire in *Parsifal*, an orphan in *Der Rosenkavalier*, Musetta in *La Bohème*, Papagena in *The Magic Flute*, Poussette in *Manon*, and Yniold in *Pelléas et Mélisande*. Her last and 157th performance at the Met was as Esmeralda in Bedřich Smetana\'s *The Bartered Bride* on January 16, 1942, with Jarmila Novotná as Marenka, Tokatyan as Jeník, Karl Laufkötter as Vasek, Norman Cordon as Kecal, Thelma Votipka as Ludmila, and Paul Breisach conducting.
Bodanya took some time off from performing to have her son Paul. After a two-year absence from the stage, she joined the fledgling New York City Opera company in 1944. Her first appearance with the company was as Musetta in the NYCO\'s first staging of *La Bohème*. She also sang the role of Nedda in *Pagliacci* with the NYCO in 1944.
In addition to her appearances in the United States, Bodanya was also active as a guest artist in operas and concerts in Europe. She notably canceled her contracts with the Vienna State Opera and La Scala in 1938 to protest the anti-Semitic measures being taken by the governments of Italy and Austria. She also appeared in nightclubs, performed on the radio, and recorded a few songs with Mario Lanza.
In the 1950s Bodanya embarked on a second career as a singing teacher in California. She died in Santa Barbara, California, aged 98
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# Cape Hooker (South Shetland Islands)
**Cape Hooker** is the south-eastern point of Low Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The feature was roughly charted by nineteenth century sealers; it was further charted by Commander Henry Foster in 1829 but shown as the north-eastern point of the island. Following air photography by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition in 1956, the charted shape of the island was drastically altered and the name Cape Hooker was applied to its south-eastern point as originally described.
## Important Bird Area {#important_bird_area}
The site has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a large breeding colony of about 10,000 pairs of chinstrap penguins
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# List of West Bromwich Albion F.C. managers
The following is a **list of West Bromwich Albion managers** from the founding of West Bromwich Albion F.C. in 1878 until the present. It includes both those who have been in permanent charge as well as caretaker managers.
All managers prior to 1948 were given the title *secretary-manager*, and dates for appointment of these should be taken only as approximate, although the years should be correct. The first secretary-manager was Louis Ford in 1890. Fred Everiss served as Albion\'s secretary-manager during 1902--1948, his 46 years in the post constituting a league record. A high turnover of managers at the club since then has meant that no-one has come close to this length of service, with 28 full-time managers having been appointed in the period 1948--2006.
The full-time post of manager was created in 1948, with Jack Smith the first to take up the position. Albion\'s longest serving full-time manager was Vic Buckingham, who led the club for six years and in 1953--54 guided the club to victory in the FA Cup and a runners-up spot in the league.
From the 2009--10 season the title of manager was changed to head coach.
## Managers and head coaches {#managers_and_head_coaches}
*Only competitive matches are counted. As of 21 April 2024
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# Port Passenger Accelerated Service System
The **Port Passenger Accelerated Service System** (PORTPASS) was a suite of programs of the former U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), including:
- Immigration and Naturalization Service Passenger Accelerated Service System (INSPASS)
- Secure Electronic Network for Travelers Rapid Inspection (SENTRI)
- Videophone Inspection Program (VIP) and Outlying Area Reporting Station (OARS)
- Remote Video Inspection System (RVIS)
While SENTRI and the Videophone Inspection Program are still in operation, most of these programs have been superseded by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative programs, such as NEXUS (frequent traveller program) and Global Entry programs
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# Saratov Hydroelectric Station
The **Saratov Hydroelectric Station** or the **Saratov GES** (*Саратовская ГЭС*) also known as the **Lenin Komsomol Saratov Hydroelectric Power Station** (*Саратовская ГЭС имени Ленинского Комсомола*) is a hydroelectric power plant on the River Volga that is located in Balakovo, Saratov Oblast, 130 km northeast from the city of Saratov, Russia.
## History
The plant was built as part of the massive post-war industrialisation plan *The great construction sites of communism*, which was to form a Volga-Kama Cascade of hydroelectric dams. Construction was authorised by an order from the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union on June 1, 1956.
Although the initial design had to be altered for practical reasons, the delay was long enough to allow the Kuybyshev GES to come online and provide direct power to the new building site. Many of the workers moved to the new city of Balakovo and their experience proved to be invaluable. The construction was declared to be all-union and in particular took a massive input from the nation\'s youth. Because of their large input the station was later named after the Communist Youth League, the Komsomol. By autumn 1967 the dam was completed and the river was blocked and in December of that year the first four powerhouses became operational. Overall the station was declared to be completed in November 1971.
## Technical details {#technical_details}
Today the station consists of a 1,260 metre long, 40 metre high artificial dam flanked by landfilled earth dam which totals 14 kilometres in length, forming the Saratov Reservoir.
The station is rated at 1,481MW, producing an annual 5.352 billion KWh of energy. There are a total of 24 powerhouses, 17 rotor-blade at 66 MW, 4 rotor-blade at 60 MW and two horizontal turbines at 54 MW. In addition there is fishery path that generates a further 11 MW.
## Economic value {#economic_value}
Today the station is a valuable asset to the Central region and the middle Volga. It powers several nearby industries and irrigates fertile adjacent land. Most of the city of Saratov is powered by the station; the rest of the energy is absorbed into the Russian national grid.
## Powerlines
The two 500 kV powerlines from Balakovo Nuclear Power Plant traverse the Saratov Hydroelectric Station, crossing the Volga River in a 1.6 kilometres long span. Only the south line connects at Saratov HES, while the north line continues to Nikolaevka Transmission Station without connection. The tower at Saratov Hydrolectric Station is 159 metres, that at the East shore of Volga River 197 metres tall. It is the tallest electricity pylon in Russia [Source](http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=52.0497194&lon=47.7716446&z=15&l=1&m=b&show=/18934430/ru/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%9B%D0%AD%D0%9F-500%D0%BA%D0%92)
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# 1981 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's downhill
**Women\'s downhill World Cup 1980/1981**
## Final point standings {#final_point_standings}
In women\'s downhill World Cup 1980/81 the best 5 results count. Deductions are given in ()
| 35 |
1981 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's downhill
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# Michael Baden-Powell, 4th Baron Baden-Powell
**David Michael Baden-Powell, 4th Baron Baden-Powell** (11 December 1940 -- 3 July 2023) was a British AMP insurance sales agent and an active supporter of the Scout Movement.
Baden-Powell was the second son of Peter Baden-Powell, 2nd Baron Baden-Powell, and Carine Boardman, inheriting the barony following the death of his elder brother Robert in 2019, and was the grandson of the founder of World Scouting, Robert Baden-Powell, and Olave Baden-Powell, a great-grandson of the mathematician Baden Powell.
## Early life {#early_life}
Michael Baden-Powell was born in Sinoia, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), the second son of Peter Baden-Powell, later 2nd Baron Baden-Powell, and Carine Crause-Boardman. After his father inherited the peerage, the family moved from Rhodesia to Britain in 1947. He was educated at Pierrepont School, Frensham, England. He worked for Fairey Aviation as a trainee engineer until April 1964, when he migrated to Australia, where he initially worked as a draftsman and eventually became an insurance sales agent.
## Scouting and freemasonry {#scouting_and_freemasonry}
Baden-Powell had been a Scout Leader in Britain before moving to Australia. He was heavily involved with Scouts Victoria, holding the position of State Commissioner - Special Duties. He had held a wide range of other positions in the organisation, including membership of associated philanthropic bodies such as the World Scout Foundation and Victorian Scout Foundation. He was also a Freemason and past Master of Baden-Powell Lodge No. 488 in Melbourne, Victoria, a Masonic Lodge founded in 1930, the first named after his grandfather, who donated the Volume of Sacred Law in 1931.
## \"JamRoll\"
In 1929, a Rolls-Royce car and an Eccles brand caravan were presented to his grandparents during the 3rd World Scout Jamboree. It was bought from money raised from Scouts world-wide who were invited to give just a penny towards the purchase. At that time, a common treat when out was to buy a small \"swiss roll\" filled with jam, that cost a penny, and was marketed as \"a penny jam roll\", so B-P called the car \"Jam Roll\", a happy coincidence of the penny contributions, the association, and from Jamboree and Rolls-Royce. The car was sold in 1945. With John Ineson, Tony Harvey and Stephen Hilditch, Baden-Powell established a charitable company, B-P Jam Roll Ltd., which obtained a loan and purchased the car, ; funds were raised to repay the loan. The car and caravan were reunited in 2007, during the 21st World Scout Jamboree after the car and its owner had been found by The Scout Association\'s archivist, Paul Moynihan, who made a proposal to purchase it.
Baden-Powell was also a member of the Victorian Branch of the National Australia Day Council.
## Personal life and death {#personal_life_and_death}
Baden-Powell married Joan Phillips Berryman, daughter of Horace William Berryman, on 20 August 1966. They had three sons -
- David Baden-Powell, 5th Baron Baden-Powell`{{Circular reference|date=February 2025}}`{=mediawiki}
- Alex Baden-Powell
- Myles Baden-Powell
Baden-Powell lived in Melbourne, Australia, and died on 3 July 2023, at the age of 82. The title passed to his eldest son, David, who is also a member of Scouts Australia.
## Awards
- The Scout Association of Australia\'s 50-Year Service Award,
- Scouts Australia\'s Silver Kangaroo Award
- Scout Association of Malaysia\'s order of the Green Forest
- Scout Association of Japan\'s Golden Pheasant and Medal of Merit
- Girl Guides Association of Malaysia\'s Medal of Merit.
- Guides Australia\'s Thanks Badge, 2007.
- Boy Scouts of America\'s Daniel Carter Beard Masonic Scouter's Award, 2007
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# Felix Carlebach
**Felix Falk Carlebach** (15 April 1911 in Lübeck - 23 January 2008 in Manchester) was a German-born British rabbi in Manchester, England.
He was an honorary citizen of the city of Lübeck and had both German and British citizenship.
## Life
Carlebach descended from a well known German rabbinical family. He was the son of Simson Carlebach (1875--1942), a banker, and his wife Resi née Graupe. His grandfather Salomon Carlebach (1845--1919), who married Esther Carlebach née Adler (1853--1920), was already a rabbi in Lübeck. His uncle Joseph Carlebach was a rabbi in Hamburg. Carlebach\'s younger brother Ephraim was a rabbi in Montreal (Canada). He had another brother, Salomon, and a sister, Esther.
Carlebach was a student at *Katharineum zu Lübeck*. After he passed his A-levels in 1929 he studied theology and music in Köln. In 1934 he became a teacher at `{{Interlanguage link multi|Höhere Israelitische Schule|de}}`{=mediawiki} in Leipzig a school for Jewish students founded by his uncle Ephraim Carlebach (1879--1936) in 1912. His uncle emigrated to Palestine in spring 1936 and died there in October 1936. In 1936 Felix he married Babette Kohn (d. 1991) who was then teaching at *Höhere Israelitische Schule*. The couple had three daughters, Judith, Sulamith and Naomi.
Felix Carlebach\'s parents, together with his uncle Joseph Carlebach (1883--1942) and his wife Charlotte née Preuss (b. 1900), were deported with their four youngest children to Jungfernhof concentration camp, near Riga on December 6, 1942. His father Simson Carlebach died just after the arrival. His mother, his uncle and aunt and their three daughters Ruth (b. 1926), Noemi (b. 1927) und Sara (b. 1928) were executed in Bikernieki forest near Riga on March 26, 1942.(???year incorrect???) Only Carlebach\'s cousin Salomon Carlebach (b. August 17, 1925) survived, and later became a rabbi in New York City.
Felix Carlebach and his wife Babette escaped to Great Britain with the support of British Chief Rabbi Joseph H. Hertz in 1939. Carlebach said: *It was one of the luckiest events of my life that my wife and I survived.* He became a rabbi *because of a need* he said. *World War II began and all rabbis had to join the army and overnight there were jobs. I was simply put in.*
In London he worked as a rabbi at the *Palmers Green and Southgate United Synagogue* from 1939 to 1947, replacing a rabbi who had joined the army. From 1947 until he retired in 1984 he worked as a rabbi at the South Manchester Synagogue. In 1954 he passed the Master of Arts examination at Victoria University of Manchester.
In 1985 Carlebach went back to Lübeck for the first time since 1939 after Albrecht Schreiber, editor of Lübecker Nachrichten who published about the history of Jews in Lübeck, came to see Carlebach in Manchester, having been sent by Lübeck\'s mayor Robert Knüppel. Carlebach described Knüppel\'s intention: *See him in Manchester, find out if he is willing to reach out his hands, if he is willing to pass a bridge I would like to build.* Carlebach described his reaction and the consequences: *Brotherhood after the cruelties of the past. It was a very difficult matter (\...) I did it and got excellent relationships to the authorities of Lübeck by the mayor and our former school.*
During his stay in Lübeck he visited Katharineum, his former school, and met twelve of his former classmates whom he had not seen since 1939. *We hugged each other and said: \"Such may never happen again.\"*
In 1987 the city of Lübeck offered honorary citizenship to Carlebach, which he received on September 17, 1987 in the town hall of Lübeck. Carlebach became the 19th honorary citizen of the city.
At the time of Carlebach\'s 90th birthday a Lübeck delegation went to see him in Manchester. Carlebach told Robert Knüppel and other members of the delegation that Lübeck was in his thoughts and memories often, although he was no longer able to go to his father\'s city because of his old age.
The South Manchester Synagogue honoured Carlebach with a plaque at the entrance of its new building, which was unveiled by the Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, in April 2003. He also planted a tree in Carlebach\'s honour.
The Hallé Orchestra of Manchester honoured Carlebach year by year by giving a symphony concert for which he choose the programme.
The City of Lübeck honoured all members of the Carlebach rabbinical family by naming a new park in Hochschulstadtteil near the university *Carlebach Park*
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# African brown knifefish
The **African brown knifefish** (***Xenomystus nigri***) is the only species in the genus *Xenomystus* of the family Notopteridae. This fish is found in the Chad, Nile, Congo, Ogowe and Niger basins, as well as coastal river basins in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Togo, Benin and Cameroon.
## Anatomy and appearance {#anatomy_and_appearance}
This fish reaches 30 cm (12 in) in standard length. The body of these fish is unusual; it is ventrolaterally flattened and elongated, giving the appearance of a knife blade. The caudal and anal fins are fused and run from beneath the gill opening to the pointed end of the body, creating a uniform, skirt-like fin. This appendage gives the animal superior control in the water, as it is able to propel itself forward and backward with a minimum of wasted energy. The pelvic fins are extremely reduced and are not used in locomotion. The dorsal fin is absent. The pectoral fins of the African brown knifefish are lengthy and designed to give the animal precise control as it swims. They are often employed in a windmilling motion, in conjunction with the caudal/anal fin, as the fish retreats into its lair. The scales of the knifefish are extremely small, giving it a smooth appearance broken only by its fairly prominent lateral line. Apart from its eyes, the lateral line is the knifefish\'s most important sensory apparatus. The African brown knifefish is nocturnal and uses the nerve-filled pits running down its body to navigate lightless waters. In addition, the eyes of this fish are large in relation to its body size. They provide the animal with excellent night vision.
The mouth is large, and the fish also possesses a pair of short barbels used in hunting. The knifefish, when not hiding away, spends much of its time swimming with its head down and the barbels in close proximity to the substrate. Combined with its acute eyes, the barbels aid the fish in locating its food.
## Ecology
This fish inhabits quiet water with vegetation. Females lay 150--200 eggs of 2 mm (0.08 in) in diameter. This species can produce barking sounds. They come to the surface from time to time to swallow air. They feed on worms, crustaceans, insects, and snails.
## In the aquarium {#in_the_aquarium}
This species is sometimes available as an aquarium fish, and has been popular in the hobby for a long time. Because this fish is primarily nocturnal, it will retreat from brightness in the aquarium. When larger, these fish may prey upon smaller tankmates as these fish have relatively large mouths for their size. This fish does well when kept in small groups when young, although as it ages, it becomes somewhat aggressive towards those of its own kind
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# Washington State Route 531
**State Route 531** (**SR 531**) is a short state highway in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. It runs from west to east along 172nd Street between Wenberg County Park on Lake Goodwin to a junction with SR 9 in southern Arlington, with an intermediate interchange with Interstate 5 (I-5) in Smokey Point. The highway is the primary access point for the Arlington Municipal Airport and the Smokey Point retail corridor.
SR 531 was created by the state legislature in 1991, using existing roads that were built in the early 20th century. Retail and housing development in the Smokey Point area triggered several expansion projects in the 1990s and 2000s to accommodate growing traffic volumes. The I-5 interchange was rebuilt and expanded between 2004 and 2010, including the addition of a loop ramp and a wider overpass. Its eastern terminus at SR 9 was converted into a roundabout in 2012.
## Route description {#route_description}
SR 531 begins at the entrance to Wenberg County Park, a former state park located on Lake Goodwin. The highway travels north on a section of East Lake Goodwin Road, which continues around the south and west sides of the lake. At the north end of the lake, SR 531 turns east onto Lakewood Road, a rural two-lane highway that passes several suburban subdivisions. The highway wraps around the north end of Lake Ki and Cougar Creek and turns due east onto 172nd Street Northeast at an intersection with Forty Five Road. It continues across the rural community of North Lakewood, passing the Lakewood High School campus.
The highway travels east over a set of railroad tracks into the city of Marysville, where it expands into a multi-lane road with sidewalks, bus pullouts, landscaping, a roundabout, and marked bicycle lanes. SR 531 passes several big-box retailers and apartment complexes before reaching a partial cloverleaf interchange with I-5, which marks the boundary between Marysville and Arlington. The overpass carrying SR 531 over I-5 is named the Oliver \"Punks\" Smith Bridge after a retired Arlington city councilmember who led calls for its reconstruction. The highway continues east into Arlington\'s Smokey Point neighborhood, passing several strip malls, a bus station, and government offices.
In eastern Smokey Point, SR 531 travels through a roundabout and returns to its two-lane configuration as it passes an Amazon distribution center. It then passes through a light industrial area that surrounds the Arlington Municipal Airport, which lies immediately to the north. The airport\'s main runway lies directly north of the highway, with low-flying planes making their final approach over SR 531, and the complex is ringed by a gravel multiuse trail. The highway crosses another set of railroad tracks and the Centennial Trail at 67th Avenue, which continues into downtown Arlington. From the crossing, SR 531 begins its ascent up a hill, curving to the north along the edge of the Gleneagle housing development and golf course. The highway terminates at a roundabout with SR 9 near a gun range south of downtown Arlington.
SR 531 is maintained by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), which conducts an annual survey on the state\'s highways to measure traffic volume in terms of annual average daily traffic. In 2016, WSDOT calculated that the busiest section of the highway is located in Smokey Point and carried an average of 24,000 vehicles per day. The least traveled section was near Wenberg County Park and carried only 1,900 vehicles. A short section of SR 531 between I-5 and Smokey Point Boulevard is designated as a minor route of the National Highway System.
| 598 |
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# Washington State Route 531
## History
Lakewood and its adjoining community of English were established in 1908 along an unpaved road to Arlington, which later became part of SR 531. The road once extended east from Portage Creek to the banks of the South Fork Stillaguamish River, but this section was removed from maps by 1940. As retailers moved into the Smokey Point area, sections of the road were widened and improved in the 1980s with contributions from private developers.
SR 531 was designated as a state highway during the 1991 legislative session, but it was not transferred to state control until April 1, 1992. WSDOT identified the highway\'s two-lane overpass over I-5 as a candidate for replacement using state funding, but the project was pushed back several times in the 1990s. After it was removed from the preliminary list of projects under the Nickel Program in January 2003, a citizens group was formed to lobby elected officials for the interchange replacement. By the end of the year, the group had successfully negotiated for \$6.5 million in funds (equivalent to \$`{{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|6500000|2003}}}}`{=mediawiki} in `{{Inflation-year|US-GDP}}`{=mediawiki} dollars)`{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}`{=mediawiki} to replace the overpass and plan for a future interchange replacement, sourced from various state and local jurisdictions. The project\'s budget was later increased to \$9.2 million (equivalent to \$`{{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|9200000|2004}}}}`{=mediawiki} in `{{Inflation-year|US-GDP}}`{=mediawiki} dollars)`{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}`{=mediawiki} using federal funds obtained by the state\'s congressional delegation.
Construction of the new I-5 overpass began in August 2004 and was completed in December 2005, expanding the highway to six lanes and adding bicycle lanes and sidewalks. The old overpass, which had been built in 1968, was demolished in May 2005 after the completion of the new bridge\'s northern side. The new bridge opened in time to serve a new shopping center on the southwest side of the interchange, which contributed to an increase in traffic and collisions. The second phase of the project, a loop ramp channeling westbound traffic onto southbound I-5, began construction in March 2009 and was opened on August 28, 2009, six months ahead of schedule. The rest of the interchange project, including ramp meters and improved intersections, was completed in July 2010. The project\'s total budget was \$33 million (equivalent to \$`{{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|33000000|2010}}}}`{=mediawiki} in `{{Inflation-year|US-GDP}}`{=mediawiki} dollars),`{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}`{=mediawiki} but only cost \$23.5 million to construct (equivalent to \$`{{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|23500000|2010}}}}`{=mediawiki} in `{{Inflation-year|US-GDP}}`{=mediawiki} dollars)`{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}`{=mediawiki} due to cost savings in engineering and project bidding.
The Nickel Program also funded several other projects on the SR 531 that were completed in the late 2000s and early 2010s. In 2007, a set of sidewalks were added to the highway near Lakewood High School and its adjacent elementary school in Lakewood. A roundabout at SR 9 was opened to traffic in November 2012, replacing a signalized intersection that had been the site of frequent collisions. A second roundabout was added at 23rd Avenue west of the I-5 interchange, using funds from a private developer to support their new shopping center and apartment complex.
In the late 2000s, WSDOT also studied \$57 million in traffic and safety improvements for the SR 531 corridor near the Arlington Municipal Airport, recommending that the highway be widened to four lanes and include bicycle lanes, sidewalks, and roundabouts at several intersections. Funding for the project was part of the Roads and Transit ballot measure in 2007, but the program was rejected by voters. In 2015, the state legislature allocated \$39.3 million from the statewide transportation package to fund a widening project that is scheduled to be completed by 2026. Due to the anticipated increase in traffic caused by new industrial development in the area, a set of parallel reliever roads are also planned to be constructed in Smokey Point. A roundabout at 43rd Avenue Northeast and hard median in Smokey Point were completed by October 2022
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# Ronnie Verrell
**Ronald Thomas Verrell** (21 February 1926 -- 22 February 2002) was an English jazz drummer. He played in two of the United Kingdom\'s \"most famous\" big bands, the Ted Heath Orchestra and the Syd Lawrence Orchestra. Verrell also worked extensively in television, including as a drummer in Jack Parnell\'s ATV Orchestra and *Sunday Night at the London Palladium*. He also provided the drumming for *The Muppet Show*{{\'}}s Animal, and was a \"Skinnerette\" on *The Frank Skinner Show*.
*The Scotsman* called Verrell a \"driving band drummer\" and an \"exciting soloist\". *The Daily Telegraph* said Verrell had a \"rare combination of craftsmanship and bravura showmanship\" and called him \"Britain\'s best-known big band drummer for half a century\".
## Biography
Ronnie Verrell was born on 21 February 1926 in Rochester, Kent in England. Initially he showed little interest in music until he saw the Benny Goodman Quartet perform in a film, *Hollywood Hotel* in 1938. Verrell was so impressed by what he saw, he stayed to watch the film a second time. He wanted to be a drummer and taught himself how to play after only one lesson. In 1940, after the outbreak of World War II, the 14-year-old Verrell was evacuated to Porthcawl in South Wales, where he made his first public appearances drumming with local bands in the area. He returned to Kent in 1943 and worked professionally for a while with the Claude Giddins band, before being conscripted to work as a Bevin Boy in the coal mines for the remainder of the war.
In the mid-1940s Verrell began performing with Scottish saxophonist Tommy Whittle and Belgian trumpeter Johnny Claes. Then between 1947 and 1951 he played with several big bands, including those led by Carl Barriteau and Cyril Stapleton. In September 1951 Verrell joined the Ted Heath Orchestra and remained with the band until Heath\'s retirement in 1964. At the time Heath\'s band was the leading British big band, and they performed at many concerts, including Sunday-night swing sessions at the London Palladium. They toured America in 1956 and were the first British big band to break into the US big band arena. Verrell played on many Heath hits, including \"The Champ\", \"Hot Toddy\" and \"Swingin\' Shepherd Blues\". One of his best known drum solos with the orchestra was the \"Hawaiian War Chant\".
After leaving Heath\'s band Verrell focused on session work and backed many popular artists, including Winifred Atwell, Jack Jones, Tony Bennett, Tom Jones, Shirley Bassey, Jonathan King, Petula Clark and Strawbs. Verrell also joined Jack Parnell\'s house band at ATV, playing with them for ten years. In 1980 Verrell joined Syd Lawrence\'s band and stayed with them for almost 20 years.
Verrell also performed in several television shows, including *The Muppet Show* where he played drums for the show\'s manic puppet drummer, Animal. When American drummer Buddy Rich, one of Verrell\'s heroes, guested on the show, Verrell (as Animal) had a drumming duel with Rich, and won after Animal smashed a snare drum over Rich\'s head.
In the mid-1990s, Verrell formed his own band, a quintet he modelled after Benny Goodman\'s band. Several years later Verrell was involved in a serious road accident that forced him to stop performing for almost a year. But after recovering he continued to play with Lawrence\'s band. In 2000 Verrell toured with an all-star band, Best of British, where his drum solos earned him standing ovations. His final appearance was on *The Frank Skinner Show* in 2001.
Verrell died on 22 February 2002 in Kingston-upon-Thames in England, one day after his 76th birthday. The cause of death was a chest infection he contracted during an operation to fix a crushed vertebra resulting from a fall down some stairs in November 2001. Verrell was married three times and had three daughters, Sherry, Faye, and Lara. He also has three grandchildren, Sherry\'s son David, Faye\'s daughter Bethany, and Lara\'s daughter Ellie-Jaye
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# Grau province
**Grau** is one of the seven provinces of the Apurímac Region in Peru. The capital of the province is the city of Chuquibambilla.
The province was named after the naval officer Miguel Grau Seminario.
## Boundaries
- North: province of Abancay
- East: province of Cotabambas
- South: province of Antabamba
- West: province of Abancay
## Geography
One of the highest peaks of the district is Q\'urawiri at approximately 5000 m. Other mountains are listed below:
## Political division {#political_division}
The province measures 2174.52 km2 and is divided into fourteen districts:
- Chuquibambilla
- Curasco
- Curpahuasi
- Huayllati
- Mamara
- Mariscal Gamarra
- Micaela Bastidas
- Pataypampa
- Progreso
- San Antonio
- Santa Rosa
- Turpay
- Vilcabamba
- Virundo
## Ethnic groups {#ethnic_groups}
The people in the province are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (81.28%) learnt to speak in childhood, 18.17% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language and 0.22% using Aymara (2007 Peru Census)
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# Liam Dunne
**Liam Dunne** (born 12 June 1968) is an Irish former hurler who played as a centre-back at senior level for the Wexford county team.
Born in Oulart, County Wexford, Dunne first played competitive hurling during his schooling at Oulart National School. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Wexford minor team before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 1988 championship. Dunne immediately became a regular member of the starting fifteen and won one All-Ireland medal and two Leinster medals.
As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions Dunne won one Railway Cup medal. At club level he was a six-time championship medallist with Oulart--The Ballagh.
Throughout his career Dunne made 39 championship appearances for Wexford. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 2003 championship.
In retirement from playing Dunne became involved in team management and coaching. After taking charge of the Wexford minor team and the Oulart-the Ballagh senior team, he was appointed manager of the Wexford senior hurling team in 2011.
Dunne is widely regarded as one of Wexford\'s greatest hurlers of all time. During his playing days he won three All-Star awards. He has been repeatedly voted onto teams made up of the sport\'s greats, including at centre-back on a special all-time Wexford team in 2002 and on the Leinster team of the quarter century in 2009. Dunne was also chosen as one of the 125 greatest hurlers of all-time in a 2009 poll.
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# Liam Dunne
## Playing career {#playing_career}
### Club
Dunne played his club hurling with Oulart--The Ballagh and enjoyed much success during a golden age for the club.
After making his debut for the senior team in 1986, Dunne was a key member of the team when Oulart lost the championship deciders of 1989 and 1992.
In 1994 Oulart the Ballagh were back in the championship showpiece. St. Martin\'s provided the opposition on that occasion, however, a narrow 1--14 to 0--16 victory gave Dunne his first county club championship medal.
Oulart made it two in-a-row in 1995 following a six-point defeat of Glynn-Barntown, giving Dunne a second championship medal.
Three-in-a-row proved beyond Oulart the Ballagh, however, the team were back in the championship decider again in 1997. A 2--11 to 0--14 defeat of Glynn-Barntown secured a third championship medal for Dunne in four seasons.
After losing a third county final in 2000, Dunne\'s side returned to the championship decider again in 2004. A 1--17 to 1--10 score line ended a seven-year barren spell, denied Rathnure a third successive championship and gave Dunne a fourth championship medal.
Dunne won a fifth county championship medal in 2005 as Oulart the Ballagh retained their title after a 1--15 to 1--9 defeat of St. Martin\'s.
Oulart--The Ballagh were beaten by Rathnure in their bid for three-in-a-row in 2006 following a draw and a replay.
In 2007 Oulart qualified for a fourth successive county final. Buffer\'s Alley were the opponents, however, they provided little opposition. A huge 4--14 to 2--6 victory gave Oulart the title and gave Dunne a sixth championship medal.
Following Oulart--The Ballagh\'s championship decider defeat by St. Martin\'s in 2008, Dunne retired from club hurling.
### Inter-county {#inter_county}
Dunne first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Wexford minor hurling team in 1985. He was a substitute that year as Wexford defeated Kilkenny by four points to take the Leinster crown. He was also a non-playing substitute as Wexford were later defeated by Cork in the All-Ireland decider.
Dunne\'s performance in the Leinster final defeat by Offaly the following year earned a call-up to the Wexford under-21 hurling team. Wexford later claimed the Leinster title before being defeated by Cork in the All-Ireland final.
In 1987 Dunne won a second Leinster under-21 medal, his first on the field of play.
Dunne made his senior debut for Wexford in the Oireachtas Tournament in 1988. Later that year he made his championship debut at midfield in a provincial quarter-final victory over Laois. Dunne became a regular member of the starting fifteen the following season.
In spite of making an early exit from the provincial campaign in 1990, Dunne\'s performance earned him his first All-Star award.
Success at senior level eluded Dunne for much of the early 1990s, as Wexford lost three successive Leinster finals as well as two National Hurling League deciders. Once again, however, his outstanding performances throughout the 1993 league and championship season earned him a second All-Star award.
In 1996 Dunne lined out in his fourth provincial decider, however, he was yet to end up on the winning side. Reigning champions and three-in-a-row hopefuls Offaly provided the opposition on that occasion, however, a 2--23 to 2--15 score line gave Wexford the title and gave Dunne a Leinster winners\' medal. Wexford subsequently qualified for the All-Ireland decider for the first time in nineteen year. Limerick provided the opposition as the sides faced off against each other for the first time in over forty years. The game was far from a classic; however, it did provide excitement. Tom Dempsey was the hero of the day as he scored a goal after nineteen minutes to give Wexford a major advantage. His side led by 1--8 to 0--10 at half-time in spite of having Éamonn Scallan sent off. Wexford took a four-point lead in the second-half; however, this was whittled back to two points as Wexford hung on for the last twenty minutes. The final score of 1--13 to 0--14 gave Wexford the win and gave Dunne an All-Ireland winners\' medal. He later collected a third All-Star award.
Dunne won a second Leinster medal in 1997 as Wexford defeated arch-rivals Kilkenny by 2--14 to 1--11. His side later surrendered their All-Ireland title following a defeat by beaten Munster finalists Tipperary in the All-Ireland semi-final.
The next few years proved difficult for Wexford as a resurgent Kilkenny won six successive Leinster titles. The expansion of the \"back-door system\" saw Dunne\'s reach the All-Ireland semi-final in 2003, however, Cork claimed the victory on that occasion after a thrilling draw and replay.
Towards the end of 2003 there was speculation that Dunne was about to retire from inter-county hurling. No official announcement was made and there was some optimism in Wexford that he would commit to the inter-county team for a further season. In spite of this Dunne announced his retirement in early 2004.
### Inter-provincial {#inter_provincial}
Dunne also lined out with Leinster in the inter-provincial series of games. He won his sole Railway Cup medal in 1993 following Leinster\'s 1--15 to 2--6 defeat of Ulster.
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# Liam Dunne
## Managerial career {#managerial_career}
### Early experience {#early_experience}
Dunne first became involved in team management in 2005 when he began a two-year tenure as selector with the Wexford juvenile hurling teams. He became a selector with the Wexford minor team in 2007, however, he enjoyed little success.
### Oulart--The Ballagh {#oulartthe_ballagh}
In 2009 Dunne has just retired from club hurling when he succeeded Kevin Ryan as manager of the Oulart--The Ballagh senior team. In his debut season in charge Dunne guided Oulart to a sixth successive county Championship decider. A 3--12 to 1--13 defeat of Buffer\'s Alley gave Dunne\'s team their seventh championship title ever.
Oulart reached the county final again in 2010. Dunne\'s side retained their title following a 1--14 to 0--6 trouncing of St. Martin\'s.
In 2011 Dunne\'s team made history by winning a third successive championship for the first time in their history. A 1--10 to 0--11 defeat of Rathnure gave Oulart the historic victory.
### Wexford
Following his success at club level Dunne was appointed manager of the Wexford senior hurling team in November 2011. His first season in charge saw Wexford lose their opening championship game to Offaly. Subsequent defeats of Westmeath and Carlow were followed by a championship exit at the hands of Cork. The second season saw Wexford give the Dublin a scare at a sunny soaked Wexford Park only for it to end in a draw. The replay proved to be a disappointment for The Slaneysiders as Dublin ran out comfortable winners at Parnell Park. Wexford were subsequently defeated by Clare despite the game being dragged to extra-time at Semple Stadium. Despite those defeats Dunne was ratified to remain in charge with The Model men for another two years.
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# Liam Dunne
## Private life {#private_life}
Dunne released his autobiography, *I Crossed the Line*, in 2004 in which he revealed his battle with alcoholism
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# Lake Hoare
**Lake Hoare** is a lake about 4.2 km long between Lake Chad and Canada Glacier in Taylor Valley, Victoria Land, Antarctica. Its surface area measures 1.94 km2. The lake was named by the 8th Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE), 1963--64, for physicist Ray A. Hoare, a member of the VUWAE that examined lakes in Taylor, Wright, and Victoria Valleys.
Lake Hoare is dammed by the tongue of Canada Glacier, otherwise it would drain into Lake Fryxell, 3 km northeast across the glacier tongue. Lake Chad, only 5 m southeast of Lake Hoare, sometimes overflows into Lake Hoare
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# Banda Bassotti
**Banda Bassotti** is an Italian ska-punk band formed in 1987 in Rome, Italy. Their songs are generally political in nature, focusing on Communist and anti-fascist issues. Many are about also politics of Ireland and Latin America. The band was inspired by The Clash and The Specials. The band was politically active from the beginning, attending protests and sympathizing with anti-fascist movements in Italy. Their name derives from the Italian version of the Disney characters Beagle Boys.
## Releases
Banda Bassotti released their first album *Figli della stessa rabbia* in 1991, which gained them a success amongst the local political and punk circles. In 1995, they released their second album *Avanzo di cantiere* recorded in the Basque Country with Kaki Arkarazo and Negu Gorriak. With this lineup the band toured Spain during the same year.
The band split up in 1996, only to be reunited in 2001 for a benefit concert. The reunited band introduced trombone and trumpet sections to their previously strictly guitar based punk lineup. The concert was released later the same year on the live album *Un altro giorno d'amore*. In March 2002, they released *L'altra faccia dell'Impero*, seven years after their last studio-album.
For the promotional tour for this album they played hundred of concerts in Spain, Italy and in Japan where they concluded the Fuji Rock Festival with the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Shocked and disappointed at the direction politics were taking in the following years all over the world with the rise of such politicians as George W. Bush and Silvio Berlusconi they decided to record *Asi es mi vida*, an album with popular political songs from all over the world. In 2004 they released the album *Amore e odio* and toured Germany for the first time.
In September 2014, the band\'s tour called \'No Pasaran\' took in Rome, Moscow, Rostov and the Donbas region.
The vocalist with the band, Angelo Conti, died at the age of 62 on 11 December 2018
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# Pennsylvania Route 894
**Pennsylvania Route 894** (**PA 894**) was a Pennsylvania state route. It was established in 1928, and deleted in 1946 after being extended from its original terminus outside of Linglestown through Piketown in the mid-1930s.
## Route description {#route_description}
: *The route description is based on where the route would be running if it existed today.*
PA 894 started at US 22 in Paxtonia, heading north towards Blue Mountain and the square of Linglestown. PA 894 went right into the center of Linglestown, and then turned to the east, onto Pennsylvania Route 39. The route then exited out of Linglestown, where it originally ended, before being extended to Pennsylvania Route 443.
The PA 39/PA 894 concurrency ran from Linglestown to Piketown Road, about 2 mi outside of Linglestown. PA 894 then turned north, going up Blue Mountain, through Piketown, ending at PA 443, at the northern foot of the mountain.
## History
At the time PA 894 was established, US 22 was PA 43. From 1928 to 1936, PA 894 ran from its southern terminus at PA 43 north and then east to the eastern end of Linglestown. In the mid-1930s, PA 39 was established, creating the concurrency between PA 39 and PA 894. When that happened, PA 894 was also extended, from its original northern terminus to PA 443. In 1946, PA 894 was deleted. The section of PA 894 from US 22 to PA 39 was given a legislative route number, and in 1987, a quadrant route. That section of road is known today as Mountain Road. The Piketown Road section was given a separate county route and quadrant route number.
## Major intersections {#major_intersections}
This table is based on the route as it existed before deletion in 1946. `{{PAinttop|length_ref=<ref name="Delorme"/>|county=Dauphin|former=yes}}`{=mediawiki} `{{PAint
|location=Paxtonia
|mile=0.00
|road={{jct|state=PA|US 1926|22}}<ref name="1941map"/>
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{PAint
|location=Linglestown
|lspan=2
|type=concur
|mile=1.49
|road={{jct|state=PA|PA 1926|39}}
|notes=Begin PA 39/PA 894 concurrency
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{PAint
|type=concur
|mile=3.15
|road={{jct|state=PA|PA 1926|39}}<ref name="1941map"/>
|notes=End PA 39/PA 894 concurrency
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{PAint
|location=Piketown
|type=
|mile=7
| 332 |
Pennsylvania Route 894
| 0 |
10,021,634 |
# Martin Storey
**Martin Storey** (born 28 September 1964) is an Irish former hurler who played as a centre-forward at senior level for the Wexford county team.
Regarded as one of the greatest Wexford players of all-time, Storey made his first appearance for the team during the 1986 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement before the 2001 championship. During that time he won one All-Ireland medal, two Leinster medals and three All-Star awards.
At club level Storey was a five-time county club championship medalist with Oulart--The Ballagh.
In retirement from playing Storey has become involved in team management and coaching. After serving as a selector at club level, he subsequently served as trainer of the Wexford senior camogie team and manager of the Wexford minor hurling team.
Storey\'s daughter, Ciara, is also an All-Ireland medalist with Wexford.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
### Club
Storey played his club hurling with Oulart--The Ballagh and enjoyed much success in a career that spanned three decades.
In 1994 Oulart--The Ballagh made the big breakthrough in the championship and Storey was in the forward line as the club reached the decider. St. Martin\'s provided the opposition on that occasion, however, a narrow 1-14 to 0-16 victory gave Storey his first championship medal.
Oulart made it two in-a-row in 1995 following a six-point defeat of Glynn-Barntown, giving Storey a second championship medal.
Three-in-a-row proved beyond Oulart--The Ballagh, however, the team were back in the championship decider again in 1997. A 2-11 to 0-14 defeat of Glynn-Barntown secured a third championship medal for Storey in four seasons.
After losing another county final in 2000, Storey\'s side returned to the championship decider again in 2004. A 1-17 to 1-10 score line ended a seven-year barren spell, denied Rathnure a third successive championship and gave Storey a fourth championship medal.
Storey won a fifth county championship medal in 2005 as Oulart--The Ballagh retained their title after a 1-15 to 1-9 defeat of St. Martin\'s.
Oulart--The Ballagh were beaten by Rathnure in their bid for three-in-a-row in 2006 following a draw and a replay. Storey retired from club hurling following this defeat.
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# Martin Storey
## Playing career {#playing_career}
### Inter-county {#inter_county}
Storey first came to prominence on the inter-county scene in the early 1980s as a member of the Wexford minor and under-21 hurling teams. He had little success in either grade before making his senior championship debut against Kilkenny in 1986.
It was not a happy time to be a Wexford hurler. The county had been pushed back into third place in the Leinster Championship behind both Kilkenny and Offaly. Provincial final appearances in 1988 and 1992 brought nothing but defeat for Storey\'s team. In 1993, Wexford looked set for glory when they reached the final of the National Hurling League. The opponents on that occasion were Cork, however, the game ended in a draw. The replay saw extra-time being played, however, both sides ended level once again. At the third attempt Cork emerged victorious by 3-11 to 1-12. In spite of this defeat expectations were still high for the Leinster championship. In the final of that competition Wexford drew with arch rivals and All-Ireland champions Kilkenny and there was hope of success. The replay was a different affair as Kilkenny won easily enough by 2-12 to 0-11. In spite of this, Storey was later presented with his first All-Star award.
Wexford were defeated in the Leinster final again in 1994 before disappearing from the championship at the first hurdle in 1995. By 1996 things were beginning to change in Wexford, with thanks to in no small way to the new manager Liam Griffin. Storey was appointed captain for the year. Offaly provided the opposition on that occasion; however, history was made as Wexford won by 2-23 to 2-15. It was Storey\'s first senior Leinster title and Wexford\'s first since 1977. Wexford later defeated Galway in the penultimate game of the championship, setting up an All-Ireland final meeting with Limerick. The Munster men were slight favourites going into the game. They were the beaten finalists of 1994 and had already beaten Clare, the reigning champions, in the Munster Championship. The game was far from a classic; however, it did provide excitement. Tom Dempsey was the hero of the day as he scored a goal after nineteen minutes to give Wexford a major advantage. His side led by 1-8 to 0-10 at half-time in spite of having Éamonn Scallan sent off. Wexford took a four-point lead in the second-half; however, this was whittled back to two points as Wexford hung on for the last twenty minutes. The final score of 1-13 to 0-14 showed how vital Dempsey\'s goal was. It was Storey\'s first All-Ireland medal and Wexford\'s first since 1968. He was subsequently presented with a second All-Star award.
Storey captured a second Leinster medal in 1997 as Kilkenny fell in the provincial decider. 1997, however, saw the introduction of the so-called 'back-door' system whereby the defeated Munster and Leinster finalists were allowed back into the All-Ireland championship at the quarter-final stage. Because of this, Wexford\'s opponents in the All-Ireland semi-final were Tipperary, the Munster runners-up. On that occasion Wexford were outclassed by Tipp who won by 2-16 to 0-15.
The following few years proved difficult as Wexford and Storey faced a resurgent Kilkenny that would win the next six Leinster titles. In spite of a lack of success on the field of play he won a third All-Star award in 1998. Storey retired from inter-county hurling in 2000 following two years of heavy defeats for Wexford in the provincial championship. He returned briefly the following season, making substitute appearances against Tipperary in the drawn and replayed All-Ireland semi-finals.
### Inter-provincial {#inter_provincial}
Storey also lined out with Leinster in the inter-provincial hurling championship. He collected two Railway Cup medals as Leinster defeated Ulster in 1993 and Connacht in 1998. He played a junior B match in 2020
## Post-playing career {#post_playing_career}
In retirement from playing Storey has maintained a keen interest in the game. In 2002 he took over as trainer of the Wexford senior camogie team. He has also been involved with the successful Colaiste Bríde teams in Enniscorthy, who have had so much success in All-Ireland schools competitions. While still a senior player Storey had a major influence as part of the management team of the club\'s under-21 team. During his tenure as a selector the team regained the county premier championship title. His name has also been mentioned as a possible future manager of the Wexford senior hurling team.
On 17 January 2008 Storey was profiled on the TG4 television programme *Laochra Gael*.
In August 2013, following the death of Pat Cody, he was nominated as a Labour Party member of Wexford County Council. He lost his seat at the 2014 local elections.
In November 2015, Storey was named as the new manager of the Wicklow senior hurling team
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# SENTRI
The **Secure Electronic Network for Travelers Rapid Inspection** (**SENTRI**) provides expedited U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) processing, at the U.S.--Mexico border, of pre-approved travelers considered low-risk. Voluntary applicants must undergo a thorough background check against criminal, customs, immigration, law enforcement, and terrorist databases; a 10-fingerprint law enforcement check; and a personal interview with a CBP officer. The total enrollment fee is \$120, and SENTRI status is valid for five years.
Once the applicant is approved, they are issued a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) card identifying their status in the CBP database when arriving at U.S. land and sea ports of entry (POE). SENTRI users have access to dedicated lanes into the United States. Unlike NEXUS, which is a joint program between United States and Canadian immigration authorities, SENTRI is solely a CBP program and only applies to customs and immigration inspections into the United States, not into Mexico. SENTRI members are permitted to utilize NEXUS lanes when entering the United States from Canada by land (but not vice versa).
Global Entry allows registered users to enter their own SENTRI applications and approved members to edit their information. A valid SENTRI card is a Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) compliant document.
## History
SENTRI was conceived in 1995. A team of representatives from the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), U.S. Customs Service, and five other Federal stakeholder agencies was formed and established a technical concept, engineering design, and relevant policies. The first SENTRI lane was deployed at the Otay Mesa Port of Entry in San Diego, California, where the concept and design were refined. Additional technology tests, including in-vehicle biometrics and laneside facial recognition, were conducted at this site.
In 1998, the decision was made to expand SENTRI to El Paso, Texas. The aim was to relieve congestion at the busy Paso del Norte International Bridge. However, this bridge was not wide enough to set aside one lane as a dedicated commuter lane. Therefore, the nearby Stanton Street bridge, which had been a southbound-only bridge, was chosen as the best place to deploy SENTRI. A new port of entry facility was built, and the SENTRI lane opened in September 1999.
Next, the SENTRI team elected to deploy a system at the busiest single border crossing in the world, San Ysidro, California. The congested nature of Tijuana, near the border crossing, made it difficult to identify a place to put the dedicated lane, but with the cooperation of many organizations on both sides of the border, a lane was segregated, and SENTRI opened at San Ysidro in 2000, after which point the SENTRI team was disbanded, and SENTRI became a program office within INS. After INS was sunsetted on March 1, 2003, the SENTRI program office was absorbed by DHS Customs and Border Protection. Today, SENTRI Lanes can be found at the following ports of entry, from West to East:
California
- San Ysidro Port of Entry, San Diego, California
- Otay Mesa Port of Entry, San Diego, California
- Calexico West Port of Entry, Calexico, California
- Calexico East Port of Entry, Calexico, California
Arizona
- San Luis Port of Entry, San Luis, Arizona
- Nogales-Grand Avenue Port of Entry, Nogales, Arizona
- Douglas Arizona Port of Entry, Douglas, Arizona
Texas
- El Paso Stanton Street Port of Entry, El Paso, Texas
- El Paso Ysleta Port of Entry, El Paso, Texas
- Del Rio Texas Port of Entry, Del Rio, Texas
- Eagle Pass Camino Real Port of Entry, Eagle Pass, Texas
- Laredo Colombia Solidarity Port of Entry, Laredo, Texas
- Laredo Juarez-Lincoln Port of Entry, Laredo, Texas
- Anzalduas Port of Entry, Mission, Texas
- Hidalgo Texas Port of Entry, Hidalgo, Texas
- Pharr Texas Port of Entry, Pharr, Texas
- Brownsville -- Veterans Port of Entry, Brownsville, Texas
## US Global Entry {#us_global_entry}
US citizens may use their SENTRI membership at US Customs and Border Protection Global Entry kiosks located in participating US airports. Mexican nationals who are SENTRI members may apply for Global Entry after passing a risk assessment conducted by the Mexican government.
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# SENTRI
## TSA PreCheck {#tsa_precheck}
US citizens who are SENTRI members may use TSA PreCheck on all participating airlines by entering their Customs and Border Protection ID number or PASS ID/KTN (Known Traveler Number) from their SENTRI card into their flight reservation information or into their frequent flyer account. The same privileges extend to NEXUS and Global Entry members. Note that such Trusted Travelers have a very high probability of receiving PreCheck, it is not guaranteed: TSA still uses random procedures for all passengers.`{{fact|date=April 2021}}`{=mediawiki} This said, Global Entry participants have the absolute highest priority/likelihood for receiving PreCheck (per CBP documents, including a note that it's included---not "may" receive---with GE).`{{fact|date=April 2021}}`{=mediawiki}
## Enrollment centers {#enrollment_centers}
Enrollment centers are located in Douglas, Nogales, and San Luis, Arizona; Calexico, Otay Mesa, and San Ysidro, California; and Brownsville, El Paso, Hidalgo, and Laredo, Texas
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| 1 |
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# Thanington
**Thanington** is a civil parish on the west edge of Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom. It extends to the south-west of A2 from Wincheap to the Milton Bridge in Chartham. In 2011 the parish had a population of 2662.
The north ward of Thanington Without follows the River Stour nearest to the city centre and London railway line, it has private housing north of Ashford Road and a large estate of mixed housing south of Ashford Road. **Stuppington** to the south is a linear settlement along New House Lane, New House Close and Iffin Lane. The parish church is dedicated to St Nicholas. The current civil parish was renamed from \"Thanington Without\" to \"Thanington\" on 1 April 2019.
## Transport
As with the rest of Canterbury, transport is neither urban super-highway nor rural back lanes in relation to the rest of Kent. An on-slip road was opened in September 2011 onto the westbound A2. Previously (since the A2 Canterbury bypass was constructed in the early 1980s), the two slip roads at Thanington were east-facing and led only to and from Dover. In 2006, the Government, the Highways Agency, Kent County Council and Canterbury City Council agreed that adding the two west-facing slip-roads would help to ease the traffic congestion in Wincheap between the Westgate and the A2. The fourth slip-road is still awaiting funding and construction
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# Charlton Keith
**Charlton Keith** (born May 4, 1982) is a former American football linebacker. He was signed by the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Kansas.
Keith was also a member of Cleveland Browns, Oakland Raiders, Hamilton Tiger-Cats and New York Sentinels.
## Early life {#early_life}
Keith attended Buchtel High School in Akron, Ohio where he lettered in football and basketball.
## College career {#college_career}
Keith played college football with the University of Minnesota, Minnesota West Community College and the University of Kansas.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Cleveland Browns {#cleveland_browns}
Undrafted in the 2006 NFL draft, Keith signed with the Cleveland Browns on May 2 only to be released on May 5. He was signed to the Browns practice squad on October 25 where he spent the remainder of the 2006 season.
### Oakland Raiders {#oakland_raiders}
In 2007, he was signed by the Oakland Raiders but was cut before the start of training camp.
### Hamilton Tiger-Cats {#hamilton_tiger_cats}
Keith was signed by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on September 12, 2007. The team re-signed him on April 24, 2008. He was released on July 21, 2008
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# Game canon
The **game canon** is a list of video games to be considered for preservation by the Library of Congress. *The New York Times* called the creation of this list \"an assertion that digital games have a cultural significance and a historical significance\". The game canon is modeled on the efforts of the National Film Preservation Board, which produces an annual list of films that are subsequently added to the National Film Registry, which is also managed by the Library of Congress. The game canon committee includes Henry Lowood, game designers Warren Spector and Steve Meretzky, Matteo Bittanti, and *Joystiq* journalist Christopher Grant.
## History
The game canon project was started by Henry Lowood, curator of the *History of Science and Technology Collections* at Stanford University. He started to preserve video games and video-game artifacts in 1998, and in the years following, he has noted that video games are something worthy of preserving. Henry Lowood submitted the proposal to the Library of Congress in September 2006, and during the 2007 Game Developers Conference, he announced the game canon.
In September 2012, the Library of Congress had already 3,000 games from many platforms and also around 1,500 strategy guides.
## List of games considered {#list_of_games_considered}
The initial list consists of 10 video games that are each considered representing the beginning of a genre that is still vital in the video game industry.
- *Spacewar!* -- a 1962 space combat video game
- *Star Raiders* -- a 1980 space combat video game
- *Zork* -- a 1977 text-based adventure game video game
- *Tetris* -- a 1985 puzzle video game
- *SimCity* -- a 1989 city-building simulation video game
- *Super Mario Bros
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# Born to Be Loved
***Born to Be Loved*** is a 1959 American comedy film directed by Hugo Haas. Set in an overcrowded tenement building, it stars Carol Morris (as Dorothy); Hugo Haas (Prof. Brauer); Dick Kallman (Eddie); and Barbara Jo Allen (Mrs. Hoffmann).
## Plot
A seamstress (Carol Morris) and a music teacher (Hugo Haas) play cupid for each other, ending with a double wedding.
## Cast
- Carol Morris as Dorothy Atwater
- Barbara Jo Allen as Irene Hoffman (as Vera Vague)
- Hugo Haas as Prof. Brauner
- Dick Kallman as Eddie Flynn
- Jacqueline Fontaine as Dame
- Billie Bird as Drunk\'s Wife
- Pat Goldin as Saxophone Player
- Robert Foulk as Drunk (as Robert C
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# Jean-Pierre Hortoland
**Jean-Pierre Hortoland** (born in Marseillan, Hérault, on 28 May 1947) is a French rugby union player. At 1m 80 and 102 kg (5\'11\" and 224 lbs), he played left prop for AS Béziers and RC NarbonneArmand Vaquerin replaced him at Béziers from the 1971/1972 season.
Hortoland has the distinction of having played in the best years of two first division clubs from his region.
Today, he is a physiotherapist-osteopath and currently head of the *Institut franco-britannique d\'ostéopathie* (Franco-British Institute of Osteopathy) in Béziers. He is the author of several works in this discipline.
Hortoland participates in local political life in Béziers in support of the Greens (*les Verts*).
## Honours
- Selected to represent France, 1971
- French rugby champion, 1971, with AS Béziers
- Challenge Yves du Manoir 1973 and 1974 with RC Narbonne
- French championship finalist 1974 with RC Narbonne
- Junior French champion, 1968, with AS Béziers
## Publications
- *Encyclopédie d\'ostéopathie articulaire. Tome 1, Iliaque, pubis, coxo-fémorale, genou* (2005)
- *Encyclopédie d\'ostéopathie cranio-viscérale. Tome 2* (2006)
- *Encyclopédie d\'ostéopathie cranio-viscérale. Tome 3* (2006)
- *Encyclopédie d\'ostéopathie articulaire
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# Neptune's Bellows
thumb\|upright=1.3\|Location of Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands. thumb\|upright=1.3\|Deception Island map with topography and location of stations and protected zones **Neptune\'s Bellows** is a channel on the southeast side of Deception Island forming the entrance to Port Foster, in the South Shetland Islands. The name, after the Roman sea god Neptune, was appended by American sealers prior to 1822 because of the strong gusts experienced in this narrow channel.
Named for \"the gusts that blow in and out as if they came from a trumpet or funnell (sic)
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# Hope v. Pelzer
***Hope v. Pelzer***, 536 U.S. 730 (2002), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the defense of qualified immunity, under which government actors may not be sued for actions they take in connection with their offices, did not apply to a lawsuit challenging the Alabama Department of Corrections\'s use of the \"hitching post\", a punishment whereby inmates were immobilized for long periods of time.
At issue in *Hope v. Pelzer* was the question of whether qualified immunity applied in the case of punishment exceeding the standards of cruel and unusual punishment. The first question was whether the use of the hitching post was cruel and unusual in the twentieth century. The second question, depending on a yes answer to the first, was whether the guards were acting as agents of the state, and therefore not personally liable. Most importantly, the Supreme Court clarified to meet the "clearly established" standard is not limited solely on whether an earlier precedent with the same conduct exists but if a reasonable person would have recognized beforehand that the conduct would be unlawful or unconstitutional can itself be considered clearly established, even without a case law. The Court denied the correctional officers qualified immunity because tying inmates to a hitch post as a form of punishment clearly violated the Eighth Amendment's prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.
The Court opined that a hitching post was generally cruel and unusual, applying 20th century standards that probably would not have applied in 1789. The second question, and the one that the Court ruled upon, was whether the guards could claim qualified immunity. The Court let Hope sue the guards in District Court. In 2005, that court found that there was insufficient evidence to prove that in this particular case the named guards had meted cruel and unusual punishment.
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# Hope v. Pelzer
## Background
In 1995, Alabama\'s prisons employed chain gangs and the hitching post. A hitching post is a \"horizontal bar made of sturdy, nonflexible material placed between 45 and 57 inches from the ground. Inmates are handcuffed to the hitching post in a standing position and remain standing the entire time they are placed on the post. Most inmates are shackled to the hitching post with their two hands relatively close together and at face level.\" \"The most repeated complaint about the hitching post was the strain it produced on inmates\' muscles by forcing them to remain in a standing position with their arms raised in a stationary position \[sic\] for a long period of time. In addition to their exposure to sunburn, dehydration, and muscle aches, the inmates are also placed in substantial pain when the sun heats the handcuffs that shackle them to the hitching post, or heats the hitching post itself.\" In a related case, several other inmates \"described the way in which the handcuffs burned and chafed their skin during their placement on the post.\"
Larry Hope, an inmate at Limestone Prison, was punished by the hitching post on two occasions. On May 11, 1995, Hope was working on a chain gang near an interstate highway when he got into an argument with another inmate. Both men were chained to the hitching post. Because Hope was only slightly taller than the hitching post, his arms were above shoulder height and grew tired from being handcuffed so high. Whenever he tried to move his arms to improve his circulation, the handcuffs cut into his wrists. Guards came by every 15 minutes to offer him water and a bathroom break, and Hope\'s responses were recorded in a log. Hope was let go two hours later when it was determined that the other man initiated the argument.
On June 7, 1995, however, Hope\'s punishment was more severe. Hope had fallen asleep during the bus ride out to the work site and was \"less than prompt\" in getting off the bus once it arrived there. Hope got into a fight with a guard, during which four other guards intervened and subdued Hope. The guards took Hope back to Limestone and put him on the hitching post for seven hours. The guards forced Hope to remove his shirt, and the sun burned his skin. He received water only once or twice during the day and had no bathroom breaks. At one point, one of the guards taunted him by first allowing some dogs to drink some water before bringing the water closer to him and then spilling it on the ground.
Hope sued three guards under 42 U.S.C. § 1983---the three guards involved in the May incident, one of whom was also involved in the June incident. Without deciding whether \"the very act of placing him on a restraining bar for a period of hours as a form of punishment\" violated the Eighth Amendment, the district court determined that the guards were entitled to qualified immunity, and entered judgment in their favor. The Eleventh Circuit determined that the use of the hitching post was cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. Nevertheless, it affirmed the grant of qualified immunity because, in its view, the hitching post was not materially similar to other forms of punishment with respect to which it was \"clearly established\" that they were cruel and unusual.
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# Hope v. Pelzer
## Majority opinion {#majority_opinion}
In determining whether a defendant in a civil rights lawsuit should receive qualified immunity, the first question to ask is whether the plaintiff has alleged a constitutional violation. On the facts presented in this case, the Court concluded that Alabama\'s use of the hitching post violated the Eighth Amendment prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. The \"unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain constitutes cruel and unusual punishment\", and \"among unnecessary and wanton inflictions of pain are those that are totally without penological justification\". The actions of prison officials lack penological justification if they act with deliberate indifference to the health or safety of an inmate. Here it was \"obvious\" that the Alabama prison guards were deliberately indifferent to Hope\'s health or safety. Once Hope had been transported back to the prison, concerns about safety had been addressed. There was no emergency situation at hand, yet the prison guards \"knowingly subjected \[Hope\] to a substantial risk of physical harm, to unnecessary risk of physical pain caused by the handcuffs and the restricted position of confinement for a 7-hour period, to unnecessary exposure to the heat of the sun, to prolonged thirst and taunting, and to a deprivation of bathroom breaks that caused a risk of particular discomfort and humiliation.\" This was a basic violation of the \"dignity of man\", which amounts to \"gratuitous infliction of wanton and unnecessary pain\" prohibited by the law.
Even if the plaintiff has made out a constitutional violation, the defendant may still be entitled to qualified immunity if his actions \"did not violate clearly established \... rights of which a reasonable person would have known\". The Eleventh Circuit interpreted this standard rigidly, requiring the clearly established right to be \"materially similar\" to the facts presented by the plaintiff in this case. The Court rejected this approach.
Defendants in civil rights lawsuits, just like defendants in criminal cases, are entitled to fair warning that their conduct violates the law. The Court had previously held that cases establishing a constitutional right need not be \"fundamentally similar\" to the case at hand before rejecting qualified immunity; hence, the Eleventh Circuit\'s \"materially similar\" requirement was not the correct one to apply. Rather, the standard was \"whether the state of the law in 1995 gave respondents fair warning that the alleged treatment of Hope was unconstitutional\".
The Alabama prison guards\' use of the hitching post was \"arguably\" such an \"obvious\" violation of Hope\'s Eighth Amendment rights that the Court\'s prior cases put the guards on notice that using the hitching post would violate the Eighth Amendment. Indeed, the U.S. Department of Justice had so advised the Alabama Department of Corrections. Furthermore, Fifth Circuit precedent that was binding on the state of Alabama---forbidding \"handcuffing inmates to the fence and to cells for long periods of time, and forcing inmates to stand, sit, or lie on crates, stumps, or otherwise maintain awkward positions for prolonged periods\"---should have notified the guards that using the hitching post violated the Eighth Amendment. Finally, an Alabama Department of Corrections regulation required guards to maintain a log of the inmate\'s needs for water and bathroom breaks while tied to the hitching post, and required the guards to release the inmate if he told them he was ready to return to work. However, evidence in this case showed that the guards did not maintain such a log during the June incident, and evidence in a related case showed that Alabama prison guards routinely disregarded the regulation\'s recordkeeping requirement and release conditions. \"A course of conduct that tends to prove that the requirement was merely a sham, or that respondents could ignore it with impunity, provides equally strong support for the conclusion that they were fully aware of the wrongful character of their conduct.\"
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# Hope v. Pelzer
## Dissenting opinion {#dissenting_opinion}
Justice Thomas identified two principal defects in Hope\'s case that led him to conclude that the prison guards Hope sued were entitled to qualified immunity. First, the three guards Hope sued were not directly involved in the June incident, the one the Court found to be most disagreeable. Two of them were not even present at the time, and the third\'s sole contribution to the injury Hope alleged was the act of attaching Hope to the \"restraining bar\". As against the defendants Hope himself named in this suit, then, he did not allege that they were the cause of his injuries, and thus Hope\'s complaint was, in Thomas\'s view, deficient.
In light of these deficiencies, Thomas concluded that it was \"far from obvious\" that the actions of these three guards violated the Eighth Amendment. The question Thomas asked was whether in 1995 it was obvious that the \"mere act of cuffing petitioner to the restraining bar\... violated the Eighth Amendment.\" In Thomas\'s view, no prior litigation involving Alabama\'s use of the restraining bar would have put a reasonable prison guard on notice that the mere act of attaching a prisoner to it would violate the Eighth Amendment. The three federal district courts in Alabama had all rejected this contention, as well as the idea endorsed by the majority---that exposure to the elements resulting from an extended stay on the hitching post, coupled with the pain caused by the handcuffed---was the wanton and unnecessary infliction of pain. Hope did not allege that the mere act of attaching him to the restraining bar \"imposed a substantial risk of serious harm upon him\". Nor was it, in light of the district courts\' conclusion, \"obvious\" that this act would have caused Hope harm. There was no evidence that these particular guards had read the Department of Justice\'s report. The Alabama Department of Corrections\'s regulation specifically authorized guards to use the restraining bar when inmates were disruptive to the work squad. The fact that the guards did not comply with the recordkeeping requirement of the regulation was beside the point, Justice Thomas believed, because Hope never alleged that the guards\' failure to do so caused the Eighth Amendment violation. Thomas also read binding Fifth and Eleventh Circuit precedent merely to prohibit \"malicious and sadistic\" conduct by guards. While handcuffing prisoners to fences for \"long periods of time\" could be considered malicious and sadistic under these binding precedents, it was not clear to Justice Thomas whether 7 hours counted as a \"long period of time\" under this precedent. Finally, \"deliberate indifference\" means that the prison official knew of and then disregarded an excessive risk to health and safety, and there was no evidence that these guards knew that merely attaching Hope to the restraining bar posed such a risk.
## Subsequent lawsuit {#subsequent_lawsuit}
In November 2005, a Judge ruled that Larry Hope failed to prove that his treatment in prison amounted to cruel and unusual punishment, and the case was dismissed
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# Buck Ortega
**Buck Ortega** (born November 22, 1981) is a former American football tight end who played in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Washington Redskins as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at the University of Miami.
Ortega has also been a member of the Cleveland Browns, New Orleans Saints and Miami Dolphins.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Buck played college football at the University of Miami. At UM he played quarterback, tight end and special teams.
Buck played his high school football at Gulliver Prep in Miami, Florida. At Gulliver he played with deceased former NFL Star Sean Taylor. These two future NFL players led Gulliver to the 2000 2A State Football championship.
Following his time at the University of Miami, Buck played for the Washington Redskins, Cleveland Browns, and finally the New Orleans Saints.
His father, Ralph Ortega, played at the University of Florida, where he is enshrined among the hundred greatest players in that program\'s history as well as being selected to the hundred greatest player\'s in Florida High School football history after an impressive career at Coral Gables High School. Ralph was selected as the third pick in the second round of the 1975 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons. He also played for the Miami Dolphins
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# Mareham le Fen
**Mareham le Fen** (otherwise **Mareham-le-Fen**) is a village and civil parish about 6 mi south from the town of Horncastle, Lincolnshire, England. The hamlet of Mareham Gate lies about 0.5 mi south from the village, and it is believed that the deserted medieval village (DMV) of **Birkwood** is situated nearby.
Mareham le Fen is listed in the 1086 *Domesday Book* as \"Marun\", with 33 households, 60 acre of meadow, 300 acre of woodland, and a church. The Lord of the Manor was William I.
The parish church is dedicated to St Helen, and is a Grade II\* listed building of greenstone and dating from the 13th century. It was partially rebuilt in 1879, and in 1974 the vestry was extended using stone from the demolished church of St Margaret at Woodhall. In the north aisle is a tomb to James Roberts who died 1826, and sailed in the *Endeavour* with Captain Cook and Sir Joseph Banks. In the churchyard is a medieval stone cross, which is both Grade II listed and a scheduled monument. Dating from the 14th century, it was restored in 1904.
The Grade II listed Royal Oak public house has a datestone of 1473, but is believed to date from the 17th century, with 18th- and 20th-century additions.
Also in the village is a Grade II listed tower windmill dating from 1820, although it ceased working as a windmill in 1910 but continued to mill with an engine until mid 1940s
Mareham le Fen Church of England Primary School was built in 1840 as a National School and was enlarged in 1880.
Mareham le Fen Victory Silver Band, established in 1919, plays in the local area at events and services.
## Governance
An electoral ward with the same name exists. This ward stretches south west to Coningsby with a total population taken at the 2011 census of 2,123
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# Kyle Basler
**Kyle Basler** (born December 27, 1982) is a former American football punter. He was signed by the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent out of Washington State.
## Early life {#early_life}
Basler attended Elma High School and helped his team to the state Championship in his freshman year.
## College career {#college_career}
Basler attended Washington State. He played in 48 games and his 255 career punts for 10,794 yards was a school record. He was a sports management major.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
Basler was selected by the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent. However, he was cut at the end of training camp. He was signed to the Browns\' active roster following the end of the 2006 season and was allocated to NFL Europa where he played for the Frankfurt Galaxy
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# Envoy Extraordinary (novella)
**\"Envoy Extraordinary\"** is a 1956 novella by British writer William Golding, first published by Eyre & Spottiswoode as one third of the collection *`{{not a typo|Sometime}}`{=mediawiki}, Never*, alongside \"Consider Her Ways\" by John Wyndham and \"Boy in Darkness\" by Mervyn Peake. It was later published in 1971 as the second of three novellas in Golding\'s collection *The Scorpion God*.
The story concerns an inventor who anachronistically brings the steam engine to ancient Rome, along with three of the Four Great Inventions of China (gunpowder, the compass, and the printing press).
Golding later adapted \"Envoy Extraordinary\" into a play called *The Brass Butterfly*, first performed in Oxford in 1958 starring Alistair Sim and George Cole.
Leighton Hodson compares it to \"The Rewards of Industry\" from Richard Garnett\'s 1888 collection *The Twilight of the Gods and Other Tales*, in which three Chinese brothers bring printing, gunpowder and chess to the West, but only chess is accepted.
## Plot
A Greek librarian\'s assistant named Phanocles and his sister Euphrosyne arrive at the villa of the Roman Emperor, having been forced out of their previous life of because of Phanocles\' inventions, which drew scorn and allegations of black magic. Phanocles shows the Emperor a model of his design for a steam-powered warship. The Emperor has no interest in it, but is delighted by the potential of the steam pressure cooker, which Phanocles learned of from a tribe \"beyond Syria\". Mamillius, the Emperor\'s grandson, has no interest in either but falls in love with the veiled Euphrosyne when he sees her eyes. Phanocles is given the funds to build his warship, which is named *Amphitrite*, and a second invention -- a gunpowder artillery weapon later called the tormentum -- in exchange for building the pressure cooker.
The first version of pressure cooker goes wrong, killing three cooks and destroying the north wing of the villa. Meanwhile, word of *Amphitrite*{{\`s}} construction reaches the Emperor\'s heir-designate, Posthumus (see Postumus (praenomen)), who wrongly sees it as part of an attempt to put Mamillius in his stead. He leaves the war he was fighting to return to the villa and force the matter. On the day of *Amphitrite*{{\`s}} demonstration voyage, Mamillius and Phanocles are nearly killed and the ship\'s engine, called Talos, is sabotaged, destroying several of the returning Posthumus\'s warships and most of the harbour through fire. It is revealed that the assassination attempt and sabotage were the work of enslaved rowers worried that the steam engine would make them redundant. The military have similar concerns about the impact of gunpowder on warfare.
In the final section, Mamillius has become heir. Over steam-cooked trout, the Emperor tells Phanocles that he has decided to marry Euphrosyne himself to avoid embarrassing Mamillius, as he has deduced that the reason she never takes off her veil is that she has a hare lip. Phanocles talks to the Emperor about his idea for a compass to solve the issue of navigating without the wind and reveals his final invention: the printing press. The Emperor is initially excited but becomes terrified by the prospect of vast amounts of bad writing that he would be obliged to read. To be rid of Phanocles and his dangerous ideas, he makes him Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to China.
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# Envoy Extraordinary (novella)
## *The Brass Butterfly* {#the_brass_butterfly}
Golding adapted \"Envoy Extraordinary\" into a radio play for the BBC and then into a play called *The Brass Butterfly* in 1957. Changes to the story included writing out Euphrosyne\'s hare lip and making her a Christian, with Mamillius converting to Christianity and marrying her at the end. The play also makes concrete the setting of the story as 3rd century Capri; this was left unstated in the novella.
The play, which starred Alistair Sim (who had commissioned the script and also directed) as the Emperor opposite George Cole as Phanocles, opened at the New Theatre Oxford on 24 February 1958 and moved to the Strand Theatre in the West End in April by way of a brief tour through Liverpool, Leeds, Newcastle, Glasgow and Manchester. Although there had been some excitement about it in Oxford, it was not particularly well received in London where it lasted for one month. After its first night at the Strand on 17 April 1958, critics made much of a number of boos mixed in with the applause, calling the play \"slack\" and \"lukewarm\", though the Sim\'s performance did receive praise.
The script of the play was published in the UK on 4 July 1958 in an edition of 3,000 copies that was dedicated \"To Alistair Sim, in gratitude and affection\", and in the US in 1964.
In 1967 *The Brass Butterfly* was filmed for the Australian TV series *Love and War*.
Its first American production was in 1970 at the Chelsea Theater Center, starring Paxton Whitehead as the Emperor and Sam Waterston as Phanocles. Reviewing that production, critic Clive Barnes of *The New York Times* called the play \"sub-Shavian and aimless\". He maintained that opinion when reviewing a 1973 production on the second night of the Shaw Festival in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario that starred Lockwood West and James Valentine, adding that while the premise was appealing and some of the jokes funny, nevertheless \"Mr. Golding at his best does sound terribly like Mr. Shaw at his worst\".
Walter Sullivan writing for *The Sewanee Review* in 1963, described *The Brass Butterfly* as \"witty but by no means profound\" and \"Envoy Extraordinary\" as \"a not very successful novella about ancient Rome\". In his book about Golding, Kevin McCarron says that *The Brass Butterfly* is \"too often dismissed as lightweight\" and that it has more to say about \"the terrible cost of progress\" than it is given credit for
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# Du Bois Agett
**Du Bois Agett** (1796 -- 25 December 1866) was a British businessman who became an early settler of Western Australia, arriving in 1830.
## Biography
Agett was born in 1796, and according to the 1832 Western Australian census was from London. Before arriving in Western Australia, Agett was a member of the London Stock Exchange. He was also married to Eliza, who was from Greenwich. Before they both left for Western Australia, they had seven children together: Richard (1818-1857) and George (1821-1859), who were born in Lewisham; Emma (1823/4-1903); Harry (1824-1853), Frederick (born 1825), and Edwin (born 1827), all born in Clapham; and Charles (born 1829), who was born in Le Havre, France. Another child, Mary Ann, was born in Western Australia on 13 October 1830.
On 13 February 1830, the family with several servants arrived in the Swan River Colony via Cape Town onboard the *Egyptian.* Agett then received land grants on the Swan and Avon Rivers, with him living in the town of York between June and July 1832. However, his farming and business ventures in Western Australia failed and he was obliged to become a clerk in the Customs Department. He retired as a customs clerk in 1853. He had also explored the Avon valley with Rivett Henry Bland in 1834.
Agett died on 25 December 1866 at age 70 in Fremantle, with wife Eliza dying on 29 June 1883 in North Fremantle
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# Ibáñez River
The **Ibáñez River** is a river of Chile located in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region. It has its origin in the skirts of Hudson volcano and flows south-east through the Andes into the General Carrera Lake. The river borders the south side of Cerro Castillo National Reserve, home to Cerro Castillo.
Puerto Ingeniero Ibáñez is located close to the mouth of the river
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# Chris Barclay
**Chris Barclay** (born October 15, 1983) is an American football coach and former running back who is the running backs coach for the Louisville Cardinals. He played college football at Wake Forest. He was signed by the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2006 and last played for the New York Sentinels.
Barclay has also been a member of the Berlin Thunder, Tennessee Titans, New Orleans Saints, and Atlanta Falcons.
## College career {#college_career}
Barclay capped a standout collegiate career at Wake Forest in 2005, when he was named as the Atlantic Coast Conference 2005 Player of the Year and Offensive Player of the Year. He graduated as the school\'s career leader in seven major categories, including rushing yards (4,032), scoring (240 points), rushing touchdowns (40), total touchdowns (40), all-purpose yards (4,930), 200-yard rushing games (3) and 1,000 yard rushing seasons (3).
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Cleveland Browns {#cleveland_browns}
Barclay was originally signed by the Browns as an undrafted free agent out of Wake Forest. However, Barclay was waived by the team at the end of training camp. Barclay was then signed to the Browns\' practice squad and subsequently to the team\'s active roster.
Following the 2006 season, Barclay was allocated to NFL Europa where he became the starting running back for the Berlin Thunder. He was the Week 4 Special Teams player of the week after returning 5 kicks for 180 yards, including a 99-yard touchdown.
In his first action with the Browns during the 2007 preseason, he returned a kick-off 88 yards for the game-winning touchdown against the Kansas City Chiefs. He began the regular season on the team\'s practice squad, where he spent the first 11 weeks of the season.
### Tennessee Titans {#tennessee_titans}
On November 22, 2007, Barclay was signed off the Cleveland Browns practice squad onto the active roster of the Tennessee Titans to replace Chris Henry, who had been suspended.
### New Orleans Saints {#new_orleans_saints}
On December 24, 2007, Barclay was claimed by the New Orleans Saints off waivers from the Tennessee Titans. He suffered a sprain knee on July 29, 2008, in training camp and was subsequently placed on injured reserve. He was later released with an injury settlement.
### Atlanta Falcons {#atlanta_falcons}
Barclay was signed to the Atlanta Falcons practice squad on October 14, 2008.
### New York Sentinels {#new_york_sentinels}
Barclay was signed by the New York Sentinels of the United Football League on September 9, 2009.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
After spending the 2011 season as a graduate assistant at Wake Forest, Barclay was hired as the running backs coach at William & Mary for the 2012 season. In March 2014, Barclay accepted a job at the same position at Marshall
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# Hanley Town F.C.
**Hanley Town Football Club** is a football club based in Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent, England. They are currently members of the `{{English football updater|HanleyTo}}`{=mediawiki} and play at Potteries Park.
## History
The original Hanley Town were established in the 19th century, with their first recorded game being in 1882. They joined the Combination in 1894, but left the league after a single season and subsequently folded in 1912. The modern club was established in 1966, based on an existing Sunday league pub team named the Trumpet. The new club joined the Longton League for the 1966--67 season, winning it at the first attempt. They then moved up to the Staffordshire County League, winning Division Two in 1967--68 and then Division One the following season, earning promotion to the Premier Division.
Hanley were Premier Division runners-up in their first three seasons in the division, also winning the Premier Cup in 1969--70. They won the league title in 1972--73 and again in 1975--76, after which they joined Division Two of the Mid-Cheshire League. They won the Division Two Cup in 1976--77 with a 1--0 win over Knutsford in the final, and a third-place finish the following season saw them promoted to Division One. They were Division One champions in 1982--83, but after several seasons of mid-table finishes and being refused entry to the North West Counties League in 1988 due to failure to meet the ground grading requirements, they finished bottom of Division One in 1993--94 and dropped into junior football.
In 1996 Hanley returned to the Mid-Cheshire League, joining Division Two. However, after two seasons they switched to the Midland League and in 2004--05 they were Midland League champions. At the end of the season the league merged with the Staffordshire County League to form the Staffordshire County Senior League. Hanley were placed in the Premier Division and were the league\'s inaugural champions in 2005--06 before finishing as runners-up the following season.
Hanley were Premier Division runners-up again in 2010--11, before winning back-to-back titles in 2011--12 and 2012--13, after which they were promoted to Division One of the North West Counties League; the 2012--13 season also saw them win the League Cup, the Staffordshire FA Vase and the Leek Cup. In 2014--15 the club finished fourth and qualified for the promotion play-offs; after a 3--1 win over Holker Old Boys in the semi-finals, they lost 5--3 to AFC Darwen in the final. However, the club were Division One champions the following season, earning promotion to the Premier Division.
At the end of the 2020--21 season Hanley were transferred to the Premier Division of the Midland League. They went on to win the Premier Division title in 2021--22, earning promotion to Division One West of the Northern Premier League.
## Ground
The modern Hanley Town initially played on a pitch on Victoria Road which was leased from the Copestick & Farrell engineering company. Changing rooms were built at the site once the club joined the Staffordshire County League. However, the club was forced to leave the Victoria Road ground in 1971 when developers took over the site and moved to Eastwood Hanley\'s Trentmill Road ground. However, when Eastwood Hanley attempted to increase the rent in 1974, the club relocated to Leek Town\'s Harrison Park. They played there until 1976 when the club moved to its current Potteries Park ground
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# Awaba Airport
**Awaba Airport** `{{Airport codes|AWB|AYAW}}`{=mediawiki} is an airfield serving Awaba, in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea
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# Baimuru Airport
**Baimuru Airport** `{{airport codes|VMU|AYBA}}`{=mediawiki} is an airfield serving Baimuru, in the Gulf Province of Papua New Guinea. It is at an elevation of 10 ft above mean sea level and has a 900 m long runway designated 04/22
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# Tangents (album)
\| rev4 = *PopMatters* \| rev4Score = `{{rating|6|10}}`{=mediawiki} \| rev5 = RTÉ.ie \| rev5score = `{{Rating|4|5}}`{=mediawiki} \| rev6 = *The Times* \| rev6Score = `{{rating|3|5}}`{=mediawiki} \| rev7 = Tom Hull \| rev7score = B+ }}
***Tangents*** is a studio album by the Gary Peacock Trio recorded in Switzerland in May 2016 and released on ECM June the following year---his final album as leader. The trio features pianist Marc Copland and drummer Joey Baron.
## Reception
Britt Robson of *JazzTimes* stated \"That ambiance of received wisdom, of patient certainty, permeates *Tangents*.\"
Cormac Larkin in his review for *The Irish Times* mentioned, \"A set of mostly Peacock compositions---with Alex North's love theme from Spartacus and Miles Davis's classic Blue in Green thrown in for good measure -- veers from ruminative abstraction to tender lyricism to joyous swing without losing the intense focus of three old hands, masters of their respective instruments, who have the courage and the humility to let the music decide where it wants to go.\"
Karl Ackermann of *All About Jazz* added, \"At eighty-two years of age, one need only listen to \'Rumblin\'\' to hear Peacock solo like the ageless wonder that he is.\"
Derek Taylor of *Dusted* wrote, \"The band's second date for ECM, *Tangents* is right on par with the first in presenting each of the three players in the best possible setting, acoustically and creatively. Copland and Baron are significantly younger than their employer and colleague, but seniority registers little if no meaning in the context of music as ageless as this. Peacock is careful not to allow any of the eleven pieces to gather any figurative moss or collected dust. His warm and responsive strings are central in the sound spectrum with frequent solos that fold seamlessly into the trajectories of the tunes without disrupting the flow. Copland and Baron are just as centered
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# John Rigby & Company
**John Rigby & Company** (or John Rigby & Co. (Gunmakers) Ltd) is a gunmaking firm founded by John Rigby in 1775 in Dublin. The company was established by the first John Rigby in Dublin, Ireland, apparently in 1775; his grandson, also John, opened a London branch in 1865; and Dublin operations had ceased by February 1897. The company is now owned by Lüke & Ortmeier Gruppe and is based in Vauxhall, central London, under the supervision of managing director, Marc Newton.
John Rigby & Co. builds rifles based on Mauser barrelled actions and double rifles based on its Rigby-Bissell 1879 patent rising-bite action. Rigby also offers a serial-number research service; refurbishes vintage Rigbys for owners and collectors around the world; and maintains a Rigby collection in its showroom.
## Company history {#company_history}
Some documents suggest the firm was established in 1735. However, since the first John Rigby was born in 1758 in Dublin and entered the gunmaking trade there in 1775, Rigby today claims that as its founding date. (If John Rigby took over another gunmaking house, he would have inherited its founding date, in which case 1735 could be valid.) The surviving business ledgers date from 1781 and show that by then John Rigby was making, under his own name, shotguns, rifles, muskets, spring guns, carbines, blunderbusses and pistols to clients\' specifications and a wide range of prices.
Rigby was nearly bankrupted during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 when the government seized the arms on his premises - those belonging to the firm and to its clients - presumably to keep them out of the reach of rebels. However, by 1810 (if not sooner) John Rigby had rebuilt his business and, in addition to sporting guns, was making, updating and repairing thousands of guns for Ireland\'s police, military, postal and customs services.
After the founding John Rigby\'s death, in 1818, his sons William and John Jason Rigby operated the business as W. & J. Rigby from c. 1820 to 1865, a period that spanned flintlock, percussion, pinfire and needlefire ignition and marked the start of the modern metallic cartridge era. Rigby was a leader in barrel-making and rifling technology and, at the time, it was also recognised for its high grade duelling pistols. (Irish gentlemen especially had a fondness for calling each other out over perceived slights to their honour.)
The third John Rigby, born in 1829 in Dublin and educated in science at Trinity College, took over in 1858 when William, his father, died. It was this John Rigby who brought the firm to international prominence. In 1865, capitalising on the awards his family\'s guns had earned at the Great Exhibition in London in 1851 and at the Paris Exhibition of 1855, in 1865 John Rigby opened a store at 72 St James\'s Street in London\'s West End. Sometime in the 1890s, Rigby sold his Dublin operations to Trulock & Harriss (keeping, however, his customers in Ireland) and became a bona fide member of the small circle of elite gunmakers who catered for London society.
Like his grandfather, the third John Rigby was a top target shot and developed the Rigby Target Rifle for competition use. He won several Wimbledon Cups (the premier long-range rifle championship in the United Kingdom) and, for 28 years, he helped form the Irish national shooting team. Rigby also won the Abercorn Cup and the first Gordon Bennett Cup, and was Irish Champion three times. Between circa 1860 and 1875, the Rigby .451-calibre muzzleloader was the match rifle of choice throughout the United Kingdom. In October 1874, one such rifle was presented to Lt. Col. George A. Custer: the Irish team had dined with him, and President and Mrs. Ulysses S. Grant, in Chicago. The Irish were on an American tour following the first International Rifle Match at the Creedmoor Range in New York. There, John Rigby had posted the highest individual scores among all competitors.
During the period from the Crimean War to the First World War, every facet of firearms and ammunition underwent radical change and thousands of related patents were filed in Britain, the United States and Europe. The areas of greatest interest were military rifles (a matter of grave national importance) and, because of their prestige, top-shelf sporting guns. John Rigby & Co. was deeply involved in creating guns and cartridges for both markets. Because of his expertise, in 1887 the British government appointed John Rigby superintendent of the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield Lock. There, Rigby and his large staff resolved design and production problems for a new rifle and its cartridge: the .303-calibre Lee Enfield, which in various forms went on to serve as the principal battle rifle for the United Kingdom until 1957.
By government policy, at the age of 65, in 1894, John Rigby retired from government service. He returned to the family firm with the latest knowledge on repeating rifles, smokeless powder, metallurgy, rifling and bullet design, as well as international contacts at the highest levels of gunmaking. One of these was Peter Paul Mauser, and, in 1898, Rigby was appointed the exclusive importer and distributor for Mauser rifles and components for the British Empire. Rigby also developed sporting versions of the Mauser-action rifle, sold under their trade-name as the \"Rigby-Mauser\" system; they also repackaged ammunition and sold it under their own name - such as the 7x57 Mauser, calling it the .275 bore; at the time a highly successful stalking cartridge.
In 1912, John Rigby & Co. lost the exclusive British sales contract to a member of the Mauser family, but Rigby continued to base its magazine rifles on Mauser (and Mauser-style) actions and still does so today. Among professional and sporting hunters in India and Africa, Rigby became known as the \'aristocrat of bolt-action rifles\'.
Rigby developed a successful medium-heavy game round known as the .350 Rigby, and its rimmed counterpart for double rifles, the .350 No. 2. Rigby also invented the .416 Rigby cartridge.
Although Rigby has been credited with inventing or promoting the 7x57 as the \".275 Rigby\" cartridge by some modern gunwriters, this is untrue. There was no such cartridge name at the time, and it is a modern misunderstanding of Rigby marketing of the period, who called their rifles \"Rigby-Mausers.\" Throughout the British Empire the 7x57 cartridge was commonly known as the .275 (or .276) and there was no association with Rigby themselves, who never marketed any proprietary cartridge called by that name nor stamped a rifle with that chambering. Despite this, the .275 Rigby name has caught on and special brass headstamps and customs rifles marked \".275 Rigby\" have become desirable, despite having no historical basis. (Rigby did sell repackaged German-made 7x57 ammunition under their own name in the early 20th century, but it was marked .275 Bore, as were their rifles.)
At John Rigby\'s request, in 1900 Mauser began to develop a stretched version of its G98 action for larger cartridges. This became known as the Magnum Mauser and has served as the foundation for countless bolt-action big-game rifles ever since. The larger action was originally meant for Rigby\'s interim .400/.350 round, but in 1911 the company introduced the .416 Rigby cartridge for rifles built on the Magnum Mauser action. This was the first magazine rifle that could perform on a par with the powerful Nitro-Express double rifles, for one-third to one-fifth of their prices.
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# John Rigby & Company
## Company history {#company_history}
John Rigby was well versed in Nitro Express cartridges as well. In 1898, with the help of the Curtis\'s & Harvey Gunpowder Company, he had introduced the first of them: the Rigby .450 NE. In 1899, however, the colonial government of India began to restrict .450-calibre rifles and ammunition, which forced British gunmakers to develop a flood of variations to avoid the India ban. The most popular of these proved to be the .470 Nitro Express, and John Rigby & Co. adopted this as its \'standard\' heavy double-rifle load.
In addition to the pioneering Nitro Express cartridge, Rigby was also noted for the unique vertical-bolt or rising-bite action, used only on its best-grade double rifles and shotguns. Based on the Rigby-Bissell Patent of 1879, this is a complex and massively strong locking system with a post that rises vertically out of the break-off into a U-shaped loop extending rearward from the top rib of the barrels, as a third fastener. Between 1879 and 1933, Rigby built approximately one thousand rising-bite guns and rifles in many different bores. Today, these are coveted by shooters and collectors. Within a few weeks after the first new rising-bite action passed London proof, in November 2014, Rigby received orders for more than a dozen such rifles. Following the unveiling of the first completed modern rising-bite in January 2016, Rigby received over 20 further orders for rising-bite shotguns and rifles.
John Rigby died in 1916, leaving a prosperous business in the hands of his son, Theodore. After Theodore Rigby\'s death, in 1951, the company was acquired by Vernon Harriss, who was a solicitor, business man, international match rifle shot and holder of the Royal Warrant. After Mr Harriss\' death in 1965, his widow sold the business in 1968 to a team of investors led by David Marx. Marx contracted with J. Roberts & Son, a London gun company established in 1959, to build Rigby guns. Paul Roberts, Joseph Roberts\' son, took over Rigby in 1982 and operated it until 1997. D.H.L. Black\'s book, *Great Irish Gunmakers*: *Messrs Rigby, 1760-1869*, was published in 1992.
In 1997 Paul Roberts sold the Rigby name and other intellectual property to Neil Gibson of Texas, but kept the right to continue building certain Rigby guns and rifles in England, while Gibson began making Rigby firearms in California.
In 2010, two American investors, Jeff Meyer and John Reed, acquired the assets of John Rigby & Co.. They returned the manufacturing to London, J. Roberts & Son, and published the book *Rigby: A Grand Tradition*. The new owner also settled various trademark disputes and secured the historic Rigby archives.
In 2013 Rigby was sold to L&O Holding that owns J.P. Sauer & Sohn, SIG Sauer Inc., Blaser, and Mauser which has historic ties to Rigby including a collaboration prior to World War I on the development of the Magnum Mauser action for the Rigby .416 cartridge. L&O repatriated Rigby entirely to London, where it now has an office, showroom, and a factory at 13-19 Pensbury Place, SW8, in London\'s Vauxhall district.
## Rigby Patents {#rigby_patents}
- **No. 1976 of 1854** - a lever cartridge rammer for a revolver; a type of rifling; a safety hook for an outside-hammer lock; a means of joining barrels with straps and wedges; etc.
- **No. 3140 of 1860** - a trapdoor-type gate to allow barrels to be loaded at their breeches (*with J. Needham*).
- **No. 899 of 1860** - sideways-pivoting barrels; a drop-down revolver barrel; a needlefire cartridge; a cartridge lined with sheet brass; etc. (*with William Norman*).
- **No. 1966 of 1862** (provisional) - a drop-down barrel that also moves horizontally; a breechblock cartridge extractor; a rifle foresight that adjusts for windage as well as range.
- **No. 332 of 1867** (provisional) - a rebounding hammer for pistols and single- and double-barrel guns.
- **No. 1098 of 1871** - a snap-action locking underlever; sub-gauge barrel liner tubes; etc.
- **No. 312 of 1875** (provisional) - a method of choke boring a shotgun barrel (*with M. W. Scott*).
- **No. 1141 of 1879** - \'vertical/horizontal bolting for drop-down guns\' (*with Thomas Bissell*).
- **No. 1361 of 1882** - a sidelever falling-block single-shot rifle (*with Langrishe Fyers Banks*).
- **No. 16321 of 1888** - \'bayonets attaching to gun barrels\'.
- **No. 301 of 1897** - a single-trigger mechanism (*with M. A. and L. E. Atkins*)
- **No. 5554 of 1906** - \'apparatus for teaching correct aiming with a rifle\'.
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# John Rigby & Company
## Cartridges developed by John Rigby & Co. {#cartridges_developed_by_john_rigby_co.}
- .450 Nitro Express (1898)
- .275 Rigby (1899)
- .400/.350 Nitro Express (1899)
- .350 Rigby and .350 Rigby No. 2 (1908)
- .416 Rigby (1911)
- .275 No 2 Magnum (1927)
- .450 Rigby (1995)
## Notable clients and users (a partial list) {#notable_clients_and_users_a_partial_list}
- Edward VII
- Elizabeth II
- George IV
- George V
- George VI
- Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein
- Maximillian, Prince of Furstenberg
- W.D.M. \'Karamojo\' Bell
- George H. W. Bush
- Sir Winston Churchill
- Jim Corbett
- Lt. Col. George A. Custer
- Denys Finch-Hatton
- John A. Hunter
- Field Marshal Kitchener
- Marshal C. G. E. Mannerheim
- Pete Pearson
- Philip Percival
- Sir Charles Ross, 9th Baronet
- Kermit Roosevelt
- Harry Selby
- Frederick Courney Selous
- Wilbur Smith
- John \'Pondoro\' Taylor
Rigby rifles and guns were also popular among the royalty of India and Asia, including Sheikh Abdullah and the Emir of Afghanistan as well as the nawabs, rajas, maharajas, maharanas and other rulers of the princely states of Alwar, Berar, Bharatpur, Bhopal, Bijawar, Idar, Jhalawar, Jhind, Jodhpur, Karauli, Kashmir, Khairpur, Kutch, Patiala, Pooch, Rewa, Surguja, Tikari, Udaipur and Uliver.
## Royal Warrants {#royal_warrants}
John Rigby & Co. held royal appointment to:
- King George IV
- The Prince of Wales (1885)
- King Edward VII
- King George V
- King George VI
- Queen Elizabeth II (Warrant no longer held)
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# Ivan G'Vera
**Ivan G\'Vera** (born **Ivan Šplíchal**; April 1, 1959) is a Czech-American actor, best known for his role as Ivan Marais on the American soap opera *Days of Our Lives* from 1991 to 2000, and sporadically thereafter.
## Biography
At age 18, the Prague-born young man fled Czechoslovakia for the United States, attended college, and later became an actor, adopting the stage name \"Ivan G\'Vera\".
He was nominated for the \"Outstanding Scene Stealer\" by Soap Opera Digest Award in 1998.
G\'Vera is a naturalized citizen of the United States
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# Wincheap
**Wincheap** is a road and suburb in Canterbury, Kent, England. The road forms part of the A28 road, stretching for around 1 miles from the city wall, close by Canterbury East railway station, to the over-crossing of the A2 and the parish of Thanington.
## History
There are two theories about the name: either it comes from the Saxon *Wenchiape*, a wine market, or from *Weychep* from the old English *Waegnceap*, indicating a wagon market.
Wincheap originated as an ancient trackway to the east of the River Stour. In Roman Britain it was used for communication between Canterbury and the iron works in the Weald. The modern street was established by the early 13th century; the name is recorded starting in 1226. Wincheap Gate, since demolished, was one of the entrances in the city walls. A timber market was held halfway along Wincheap in the 13th century, while an annual cherry fair took place on Wincheap Green until the early 19th century. The green was destroyed during construction of the Canterbury Ring Road in the 1960s.
Since 1996, most of Wincheap from the railway bridge to the A2 bypass has been marked as a conservation area by the city council. There is a petrol station halfway along the road, which has been criticised for having a negative effect on the area. At the end of 2021, the council announced plans to make Wincheap one-way southbound, sending northbound traffic via a different route.
## Properties
Nos. 50--52 were constructed in the 18th century and were originally a single house. They are three storeys high and constructed of red brick. They were Grade II listed in 1973.
Wincheap House at No. 74 was constructed in the 16th century. Originally a timber-framed building, it was extensively rebuilt in the 18th century, though the overhang of the top two floors was retained, as was the 16-panelled front door. The premises was Grade II listed in 1949.
Nos. 96--116 date from the early 18th century, and are a group of two-storey brick houses that are a mixture of painted, stuccoed and roughcast, included hipped tiled roofs. They were Grade II listed in 1973.
Nos. 160--164 are a terrace of early 19th century red brick houses. No. 160 has a more decorative door than the others. The terrace was Grade II listed in 1973.
The Thanington Hotel is at No. 140. It dates from the early 19th century and is a three-storey building rendered with cement. It was Grade II listed in 1967 along with Nos. 126--136.
The King\'s Head Inn at Nos. 198--204 Wincheap was established around the early 15th century and was believed to be the city\'s oldest continuously trading inn. The timber-framed exterior was re-fronted in the 18th century, preserving the overhang of the first floor. The building includes a tile-hung rear elevation. It was Grade II listed in 1967. The pub closed in May 2022.
The Wincheap Non-Conformist Burial Ground sits alongside the King\'s Head on the west side of Wincheap. It was established in 1849 and contains 281 graves; the last burial occurred in 1962. It was restored in 1997 and financed by the National Lottery Heritage Fund.
Nos. 268--274 form a terrace of red brick houses. They were constructed in 1771.
The Hospital of St James by Canterbury was based at the southern edge of Wincheap where the road meets Thanington. It was established in the 12th century for female lepers, and maintained by three priests. It survived the dissolution of similar hospitals during the reign of Henry VIII, and closed on 28 February 1551 under the reign of Edward VI. All premises and all possessions were surrendered to the crown.
The Thanington Pumping Station was based at the edge of the conservation area at the southeast part of Wincheap. It opened in 1869 and was designed by Samuel Collett Homersham. It was demolished in the 1990s and replaced with a small retail park.
A telephone box at the north end of Wincheap by the railway bridge was Grade II listed in 1989. It was built in 1935 by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott and constructed from cast iron
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# Dan Hipsher
**Dan Hipsher** (born December 6, 1954) is the associate head coach for the Loyola Ramblers men\'s basketball team. He was previously the head coach at Wittenberg University, Stetson University, the University of Akron and Texas--Rio Grande Valley.
In 1977, he graduated from Bowling Green State University, where he was captain of the basketball team for two seasons.
From 1981 to 1989, Hipsher served as an assistant coach at the University of Dayton under Don Donoher. His first head coaching position was at Wittenberg University, where he compiled a 97--18 record while winning four North Coast Athletic Conference titles and two NCAC Tournament titles. He left Wittenberg for Stetson University, where he served as head coach for two years.
From 1995 to 2004, he served as men\'s basketball head coach at the University of Akron. During his nine seasons as Akron head coach, Hipsher guided the team to a 112--137 record. He was named both Ohio College and Mid-American Conference Coach of the Year in 1998.
After Akron, Hipsher was hired by Stan Heath at the University of Arkansas. When Heath was fired in 2007, Hipsher followed him to the University of South Florida. Hipsher worked two seasons under Heath at USF.
In April 2009, Hipsher accepted an assistant coaching position at the University of Alabama under Anthony Grant. Grant played at Dayton during Hipsher\'s stint as an assistant for the Flyers.
Hipsher once received a job recommendation from legendary coach, Bob Knight. Knight answered his mobile phone during a speech in Nashville, Indiana to recommend Hipsher to an unknown caller
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# Green Glens Arena
The **Green Glens Arena** (sometimes referred to as **Millstreet Arena**) is a public entertainment location in Millstreet, in County Cork, Ireland. There is a 20 ha outdoor estate for equestrian sporting events and an indoor arena measuring 80 metres by 40 metres.
The hall and equestrian facility was built by Noel C. Duggan, and the complex continues to be operated by the local Duggan entrepreneurial family. The indoor arena has a capacity of 8,000.
## Events
The equestrian centre hosts international events annually and offers an enclosed menage, cross country riding, hacking and riding instruction and residential weekends.
It hosted Eurovision Song Contest 1993, which was won by Ireland\'s Niamh Kavanagh. Steve Collins twice successfully defended his World Boxing Organization (WBO) super middleweight boxing championship in Millstreet, against Chris Eubank in 1995, and against Neville Brown in 1996.
In July 2006 and July 2014, it hosted the 29th and 37th European Juggling Convention, with over 2,000 jugglers from 40 countries attended the week-long event. In December 2007 it hosted the John Deere show, in which Deere & Company unveiled new agricultural machinery. It also hosted the Farm Machinery Show in January 2008 and 2009. Several artists have performed there, such as Pearl Jam, The Prodigy, James Blunt and Westlife.`{{fact|date=July 2021}}`{=mediawiki}
After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the arena was agreed to be used for temporary accommodation for Ukrainian refugees
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# History of West Haven, Connecticut
This article covers the colonial and revolutionary history, the economic history, Savin Rock Park, and the 20th century history of West Haven, Connecticut.
## Colonial and revolutionary history {#colonial_and_revolutionary_history}
The Quinnipiac, Pequot, and Mohegan Native American tribes spent summers near the West Haven green and Morse Park, and as far inland as Maltby Lakes. Before New Haven was colonized in 1638 by five hundred settlers following Reverend John Davenport from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Dutch trader Adriaen Block noted the high mounds of oyster shells along the shoreline while exploring in 1614.
Settled in 1648, West Haven (then known as West Farms) was a part of the original New Haven Colony. The historic crossing of the West River by horse bridge is commemorated in the 1938 mural, \"Fording of the West River to Settle West Haven\", in the main post office.
Colonists built both a Congregational meeting house and, in the early 18th century, Christ Episcopal Church, one of the first Episcopal churches in New England. The church was started with the help of Yale College and constructed next door to the meeting house. The Congregational meeting house was the site for all town records, government, events, and housed the first public library in the state of Connecticut.
In 1719, the hamlet separated from the Orange parish as West Haven.
In 1779 the British attacked New Haven Harbor and came ashore in West Haven. Thomas Painter, a militiaman watching for British ships from atop Savin Rock, is depicted on the city seal. The main commercial street, Campbell Avenue, is named for British Adjutant William Campbell, who stopped to help a minister who had been wounded, saving him from being killed, supposedly saying \"We make war on soldiers, not civilians\" Campbell himself was killed later that day (July 5, 1779) on Allingtown Hill. Campbell is buried in the Allingtown section.
## Economic history {#economic_history}
+:--------------:+
| **Historical\ |
| population of\ |
| West Haven** |
+----------------+
| 1930 |
+----------------+
| 1940 |
+----------------+
| 1950 |
+----------------+
| 1960 |
+----------------+
| 1970 |
+----------------+
| 1980 |
+----------------+
| 1990 |
+----------------+
| 2000 |
+----------------+
| 2002 |
+----------------+
From colonial times until at least World War II, West Haven was heavily involved in shipping. Ships from West Haven sailed to the West Indies and South America for spices, silks, rum, sugar and similar items in return for local timber. More than 35 ship owners, ship builders, masters and captains from West Haven have been identified with that trade. Tall-masted trade ships were built in town by Scandinavian boat builders, and in World War II, pontoon craft and light weight Chris Craft were built in the community.
Industry was also a major part of the local economy, starting with the West Haven and American Buckle Shops, which produced buckles, buttons, clips, and braces during the American Civil War. These factories were later joined by piano and organ companies. During World War II, Armstrong Rubber Company manufactured tires and rafts for the military.
## Savin Rock Park {#savin_rock_park}
Savin Rock became a popular vacation spot by the 1870s, when ferries and horse-drawn cars from New Haven created easier access to the site. The New Haven Harbor beachside resort had a playground and carousel. Savin Rock Amusement Park thrived in the 1940s and \'50s and was closed in the 1960s. One of the last reminders of the area is Jimmies of Savin Rock, a restaurant known for its seafood and split hot dogs.
## Twentieth century {#twentieth_century}
West Haven and North Milford joined to become Orange (incorporated as a town in 1822). In 1921, West Haven split from Orange to become a separate town. It was incorporated as a city in 1961 and is known as \"Connecticut\'s Youngest City.\"
In 1927, Lender\'s Beigel Bakery was founded in the city by Polish immigrant Harry Lender. His customers were primarily Jewish delicatessens in New York City. Lender\'s sons, Murray and Marvin, later ran the business, specializing in \"flash-frozen\" bagels, a process that allowed the bagels to be sold nationwide. The business had grown to 600 employees by 1984, when it was sold to Kraft Foods.
West Haven has a mayor-City Council form of government. John M. Picard, the city\'s tenth mayor, was elected in 2005. There are three independent fire districts served by the West Haven, West Shore and Allingtown fire departments
| 737 |
History of West Haven, Connecticut
| 0 |
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# Shavertown, New York
**Shavertown** was a hamlet in Delaware County, New York. It was submerged by the construction of the Pepacton Reservoir in 1954. Shavertown had a few hundred inhabitants, mostly reliant on the town\'s timber industry. Acid factories in Shavertown produced wood alcohol and other chemicals. The Delaware and Eastern Railroad ran through the town
| 57 |
Shavertown, New York
| 0 |
10,022,096 |
# Balimo Airport
**Balimo Airport** `{{Airport codes|OPU|AYBM}}`{=mediawiki} is an airfield serving Balimo, in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea
| 20 |
Balimo Airport
| 0 |
10,022,120 |
# Chincheros province
**Chincheros** is the smallest of the seven provinces of the Apurímac Region in Peru. The capital of the province is the city of Chincheros.
## Boundaries
- North: Ayacucho Region
- East: province of Andahuaylas
- South: province of Andahuaylas
- West: Ayacucho Region
## Geography
One of the highest peaks in the province is Kuntur Wasi at approximately 4200 m. Other mountains are listed below:
## Political division {#political_division}
The province measures 1242.33 km2 and is divided into eight districts:
- Chincheros
- Anco-Huallo
- Cocharcas
- Huaccana
- Ocobamba
- Ongoy
- Uranmarca
- Ranracancha
- Rocchacc
- El Porvenir
- Los Chankas
## Ethnic groups {#ethnic_groups}
The people in the province are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (80.41%) learnt to speak in childhood, 19.09% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language and 0.14% using Aymara (2007 Peru Census).
## Culture
Chincheros is also the site of la Fiesta de la Virgen del Carmen. This yearly Fiesta patronal celebrates the Virgin del Carmen from Mount Carmel in Galilee. During the Spanish conquest of Peru, La Virgen del Carmen became venerated among the native population of the south Andes of Peru. Each locality has its own version of exactly how the veneration began, most related to miracles that she performed, convincing the population. The Fiesta is based around a mass followed by dancing, performances, food, and drink. The dances and other performances vary based on location, but most include satire and parody of Spanish characters, such as landlords, the nobility, even toreros. The fight between peoples of the Andes and the Amazon is also represented, wherein the Andeans win and devils steal the souls of dead bodies to take to Hell. The Fiesta has also been brought to Lima by those former residents of Chincheros who now reside in the country\'s capitol
| 319 |
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| 0 |
10,022,139 |
# Hawksbury, New Zealand
**Hawksbury**, also known as **Cherry Farm** (and sometimes erroneously as \"Evansdale\"), is a small residential and industrial area in New Zealand, located beside State Highway 1 between Dunedin and Waikouaiti.
## Place names {#place_names}
Hawksbury was the site of Dunedin\'s Cherry Farm Psychiatric Hospital, and the name Cherry Farm is still widely used within Otago for the hospital\'s former site. The name Hawksbury (often misspelled *Hawkesbury*) was an early English name for the settlement at Waikouaiti, and is still applied to the nearby Hawksbury Lagoon and several businesses there. The developers of Hawksbury Village probably changed the name from Cherry Farm because of the social stigma attached to psychiatric hospitals. The area\'s association with mental health care is maintained in the name of the Hawksbury Community Living Trust, a service set up in 1992 to rehouse former hospital patients, which has since opened 10 further homes in Dunedin and Christchurch. Hawksbury is sometimes erroneously referred to as Evansdale, owing to the prominent signage on the Evansdale Cheese factory, which moved to Hawkesbury from Evansdale in the 1990s.
The nearby Matanaka Farm, which contains New Zealand\'s oldest surviving farm buildings, was first settled by the pioneer whaler Johnny Jones in 1840. Cherry Farm was named for Captain Cherry, the master of one of Jones\'s ships.
## Hawksbury Village {#hawksbury_village}
*Cherry Farm Hospital*, a psychiatric hospital serving the Dunedin area, opened in 1952, and patients from Seacliff Mental Hospital at Seacliff were relocated there soon afterwards. Cherry Farm Hospital epitomised the village-asylum atmosphere in name and design, contrasting with the harsh conditions in the fortress-like Seacliff Hospital.
When the hospital closed in 1992, it was the consequence of new arrangements for the three groups of patients that remained. While at its peak Cherry Farm had many hundreds of patients, in latter years this number had dropped to below 400. Psychogeriatric and general adult psychiatric patients were either transferred to Wakari Hospital, or to residential care or supported accommodation in the community, people with intellectual disability moved to new lives in the community provided by a range of community agencies, one of which was Hawksbury Community Living Trust. The closure of Cherry Farm Hospital was a key milestone in the policy of successive governments to implement deinstitutionalisation. This process was completed nationwide in October 2006 with the closure of Kimberley Centre, Levin, the last large institution of its type.
Hawksbury Village located in East Otago is a privately owned and managed residential village. It is run by a board of directors elected by the shareholders, of whom some own properties in the village.
Since the hospital site was converted to a residential village, many modern homes have been built that now house local families. There are still a few privately owned buildings that were part of the hospital network and some of the bigger ones called \"Villas\" these have now been converted to residential homes.
Amenities available in the village include Hawksbury Christian Fellowship Church, Moana Gow Pool, Evansdale Cheese Factory and Matanaka Meats. Moana Gow Pool is a 20 m, 4-lane heated pool which offers swimming lessons, aquacize, adult lane swimming and more.
A new bus shelter has recently been built for the children in Hawksbury Village who use the local school bus services. This shelter also houses a new Hawksbury Village information map so that visitors can find their way easily, and locate the amenities in the village
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Hawksbury, New Zealand
| 0 |
10,022,155 |
# Scott Molina
**Scott Molina** (born February 29, 1960) is a retired triathlete. His most memorable performances took place at the Ironman World Championships in Kona Hawaii. The peak of his career coincided with the going out of Dave Scott and coming in of Mark Allen, both 6 time Ironman world champions. Molina won Ironman World Championships in 1988. He has garnered the nickname, \"The Terminator\".
Apart from winning Kona, Molina won over 100 professional races in his career.
Molina married fellow pro triathlete Erin Baker in 1990. He lives in New Zealand where he works as a coach and has run the Epic Camp with Gordo Byrn
| 108 |
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| 0 |
10,022,163 |
# Marcello Cuttitta
**Marcello Cuttitta** (born 2 September 1966) is an Italian former rugby union player and coach. His position was at wing.
## Early life {#early_life}
He attended Pinetown Boys High School with his brother Massimo, and they both played for Pinetown 1st XV.
## Career
Cuttitta played club rugby for Italian teams including L\'Aquila from 1985 to 1988, Amatori Milan from 1988 to 1997, and Calvisano from 1997 to 2000. Since retirement in 2003, he has been Amatori Milan\'s head coach
He played for the Italian national team at the inaugural Rugby World Cup in 1987 as well as representing them at the subsequent World Cups in 1991 and 1995. Marcello Cuttitta is this nations top try scorer as of February 2025 with 28 tries.
In total, Cuttitta played for Italy 55 times. He usually played on the wing. He often played (both in club and National team) alongside his twin brother Massimo
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Marcello Cuttitta
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10,022,165 |
# Wotabunch!
***Wotabunch!*** was released by WEA in 1978, following the success of Ian Dury as a solo artist. It is technically the \"second album\" by Kilburn and the High-Roads.
When talking about Kilburn and the High-Roads\' output in his track-by-track comments in the booklet for Repertoire Records 2CD *Ian Dury & The Blockheads: Reasons to be Cheerful* retrospective, Ian Dury said:
: \"The Kilburns made two albums, but they were both the same. The second one was to try and stop the first one coming out! In fact, it didn\'t prevent them, because Warner Bros. Records waited until I had some success, and then they put out that album called *Wotta Bunch*.\"
*Wotabunch!* was recorded in January 1974 at the Beatles\' Apple Studios in London shortly after two line-up changes in the band. Two long-term members, bassist Humphrey Ocean and drummer David Newton-Rohoman, were no longer in the band at the time. In fact, new bassist Charlie Sinclair had only just joined the group when the sessions began. Newton-Rohoman had been sacked virtually on the eve of the recording sessions, being replaced by session musician Louis Larose. Charlie Sinclair and Louie Larose had left the Pub Rock band Phoenix (led by Roy St. John), in which David Newton-Rohomon replaced Larose on drums.
Though the session went fairly well, with recording interspersed with trips to local pubs, there was a problem with capturing the band\'s live sound. This was a problem that the Kilburns had suffered before when making demos the previous year and would suffer again when making *Handsome*. Some blame is given to Larose\'s conventional drumming style (and later, on the *Handsome* sessions, to producer Hugh Murphy). Despite the trouble, *Wotabunch!* is much closer to their live sound than the softer, polished *Handsome* versions. Dury was not pleased with the release due to a remix featuring the addition of strings. The final remix for the recordings was done more or less behind Dury\'s back, while on he was on a week-long holiday. However, this was soon to be irrelevant, as shortly after the sessions were over Raft (the record label that had signed the band) folded. The bands on the Raft label were told that they would go to WEA, who owned Raft, but after a visit from WEA\'s top man, Joe Smith at a concert, Kilburn & The Highroads were dropped.
In 1977, following the success of Ian Dury\'s solo album *New Boots and Panties!!*, and the good response to \"Sex and Drugs and Rock and Roll\", Warner Bros. Records issued the Raft recordings as*Wotabunch!* WEA listed the band as \'Kilburn & The Highroads featuring Ian Dury\' in order to capitalize on Dury\'s success. The cover art, featuring cardboard cut-outs of the band posed with a group of stuffed animals, features a different line-up of the band than the one that recorded the album.
As of 2010, the album has not been re-issued on CD.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All tracks written by Ian Dury and Russell Hardy unless otherwise noted.
1. \"The Call Up\" -- 2:24
2. \"Crippled with Nerves\" -- 3:02
3. \"Patience (So What?)\" -- 2:04
4. \"You\'re More Than Fair\" -- 3:03
5. \"Upminster Kid\" -- 3:26
6. \"Billy Bentley\" (Dury, Charlie Hart) -- 3:34
7. \"Huffety Puff\" -- 2:13
8. \"Rough Kids\" -- 3:15
9. \"The Roadette Song\" -- 3:05
10. \"The Badger and the Rabbit\" -- 2:39
11. \"The Mumble Rumble and the Cocktail Rock\" -- 3:41
12
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10,022,194 |
# Whatton-in-the-Vale
**Whatton-in-the-Vale** is a village and civil parish in the Rushcliffe district, in the county of Nottinghamshire, England. It lies in the Vale of Belvoir, with the River Smite to the west and a subsidiary, the River Whipling to the east, mainly north of the trunk A52 road, 12 mi east of Nottingham. The parish had a population of 843 at the 2011 census, increasing to 874 at the 2021 census.
## Etymology
The place name seems to contain the Old English word *hwǣte* for wheat, + *tūn* (Old English) meaning an enclosure, a farmstead, a village, an estate, *etc*., so \"Farm where wheat is grown.\" \"In the Vale,\" *i. e.* the Vale of Belvoir. The place appears as *Watone* in the Domesday Book of 1086.
## Heritage
Whatton Mill was a five-storey brick tower windmill built in 1820. It had four patent sails (sails with shutters instead of cloth), two of which were double. Milling ceased in about 1916. The capless tower is now a listed building.
The Anglican Church of St. John of Beverley is a Grade II\* listed building dating from the 14th century, but extensively restored and rebuilt in the 19th century. It belongs to the Cranmer Group of parishes, with the churches at Aslockton, Hawksworth, Orston, Scarrington and Thoroton. A service is held in Whatton once a month.
The population of Whatton was 306 in 1801, 399 in 1821, and 388 in 1831.
Whatton Manor estate, to the south of the village, was inherited in 1840 by Thomas Dickinson Hall (1808--1879), who built a substantial manor house there in \"Elizabethan style\". The family financed charitable and church-building work in the district. The manor house and its grounds were sold in 1919 to Samuel Ernest Chesterman, who in turn sold them to William Goodacre Player, son of John Player of the cigarette manufacturers John Player & Sons). The manor building, by then in poor condition, was demolished in the mid-1960s, but the original stables can still be seen from Manor Lane. They now house a stud farm.
The village pub, the *Griffin\'s Head*, was closed and demolished in the mid-1990s and replaced by housing.
Whatton was once a named telephone exchange for many of the surrounding villages, but the name gave way to a dialling code (01949).
## Governance
Whatton has its own parish council. The village falls under the governance of Rushcliffe Borough Council. The member of Parliament is Robert Jenrick (Conservative), MP for Newark.
## Transport
Whatton is served by Aslockton railway station, less than a mile to the north of the village, with services to Grantham, Skegness and Nottingham. Limited bus services run to Bingham and to Grantham via Bottesford.
## Prison
HM Prison Whatton opened at the west end of the village in 1960 as a detention centre. Since 1990 it has been a Category C closed male prison for sex offenders
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10,022,200 |
# Stromness Bay
**Stromness Bay** is a bay 3 mi wide, entered between Cape Saunders and Busen Point on the north coast of South Georgia. Stromness Bay, like Leith Harbour takes its name from a location in Scotland, Stromness, on the Orkney Mainland. This is partially because both places called Stromness were whaling centres. The headland forming the southeast side of the entrance to Stromness Bay is named Busen Point. Bucentaur Rock lies close northeast of Busen Point. `{{TOC limit|2}}`{=mediawiki}
## Location
## Features
### Shackleton Valley {#shackleton_valley}
### Husvik Harbor {#husvik_harbor}
Husvik Harbor 54°10\'S, 36°40\'W The southernmost of three harbors at the head of Stromness Bay, along the N coast of South Georgia. The name dates back to about 1912, and was probably given by Norwegian whalers who frequented the harbor and established a whaling station at its head.
### Kanin Point {#kanin_point}
Kanin Point 54°11\'S, 36°42\'E A rocky point lying 2 mi WSW of Kelp Point on the S side of Husvik Harbor. The descriptive name Rocky Point was given for this feature, probably by DI personnel who surveyed Husvik Harbor in 1928. This name is used elsewhere in the Antarctic. The SGS, 1951-52, reported that this feature is known at the Husvik whaling station as Kanin Point (the word Kanin meaning rabbit). The name presumably arose from one of several attempts made since 1872 to introduce rabbits into the island. Kanin Point is approved on the basis of local usage.
### Alert Cove {#alert_cove}
Alert Cove 54°11\'S, 36°42\'W A small cove lying S of Kanin Point in Husvik Harbor, Stromness Bay. Charted by DI personnel in 1928 and is named after Alert, the motorboat used by the DI survey party.
### Alert Channel {#alert_channel}
Alert Channel 54°10\'S, 36°42\'W A small channel between Whaler Channel and Bar Rocks, and leading to the head of Husvik Harbor in Stromness Bay, South Georgia. Charted by DI personnel in 1928 and named after Alert, the motorboat used by the DI survey party.
### Clear Point {#clear_point}
\\Clear Point 54°08\'S, 36°40\'W Point forming the NE side of the entrance to Leith Harbor. The name appears to be first used on a 1929 British Admiralty chart.
### Olsen Valley {#olsen_valley}
### Framnaes Point {#framnaes_point}
Framnaes Point 54°08\'S, 36°39\'W Point 1 mi SW of Cape Saunders, on the N side of Stromness Bay, South Georgia. The name was given prior to 1920, probably by Norwegian whalers operating in the area.
### Factory Point {#factory_point}
Factory Point 54°08\'S, 36°41\'W Small point on the W side and close to the head of Leith Harbor. The name was probably given by whalers because of its nearness to Messrs. Salvesen and Company\'s whaling station near the head of Leith Harbor.
### Hansen Point {#hansen_point}
Hansen Point 54°08\'S, 36°41\'W A point lying between Factory and Harbour Points on the W side of Leith Harbor. The name appears on a chart showing the results of surveys by DI personnel in 1927 and 1929, and is probably for Leganger Hansen, manager of the whaling station at Leith Harbor at that time.
### Harbour Point {#harbour_point}
Harbour Point 54°09\'S, 36°41\'W A point separating Leith and Stromness Harbors, in Stromness Bay, South Georgia. This descriptive name was in use as early as 1920 and was probably applied by whalers operating from Stromness Bay.
### Harrison Point {#harrison_point}
Harrison Point 54°10\'S, 36°36\'W A point marked by a string of off-lying rocks, lying 1.5 mi W of Busen Point on the S side of Stromness Bay. Charted in 1927 by DI personnel and named Matthews Point for L. Harrison Matthews, British zoologist and member of the staff of the Discovery Investigations, 1924-35, who worked at South Georgia in 1924-27. In 1954, the UK-APC recommended that this name be altered to Harrison Point to avoid duplication with Matthews Point (also named for L. Harrison Matthews), a better known feature in Undine Harbor, South Georgia. This change allows Harrison Matthews\' name to be retained for this feature, while the confusing duplication of names is avoided.
### Main Channel {#main_channel}
### Kanin Point {#kanin_point_1}
### Tønsberg Point {#tønsberg_point}
### Karrakatta Valley {#karrakatta_valley}
### Kelp Point {#kelp_point}
### Cape Saunders, South Georgia {#cape_saunders_south_georgia}
### Busen Point {#busen_point}
Busen Point 54°09\'S, 36°33\'W Point forming the SE side of the entrance to Stromness Bay. The point was known at a much earlier date, but the name was first used on the charts based upon the 1927-29 survey by DI personnel. Named for the Busen, a Norwegian whaling transport vessel which was often stationed at the head of Husvik Harbor in Stromness Bay.
### Kelp Point {#kelp_point_1}
| 765 |
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| 0 |
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# Stromness Bay
## Features
### Whaler Channel {#whaler_channel}
| 9 |
Stromness Bay
| 1 |
10,022,200 |
# Stromness Bay
## Rocks and islands {#rocks_and_islands}
### Bar Rocks {#bar_rocks}
Bar Rocks 54°10\'S, 36°42\'W Group of low rocks which lie near the head of Husvik Harbor. Charted by DI personnel in 1928 and so named by them, presumably because their presence obstructs or impedes vessels approaching the head of the harbor.
### Black Rocks {#black_rocks}
Black Rocks 54°08\'S, 36°38\'W Small group of rocks 0.5 mi SE of Framnaes Point in the N part of Stromness Bay, South Georgia. The name Blenheim Rocks has appeared for these rocks, but since about 1930 the name Black Rocks has been used more consistently.
### Grass Island {#grass_island}
Grass Island 54°09\'S, 36°40\'W Conspicuous island lying across the entrance to Stromness Harbor. It was known as Mutton Island as early as 1912, but since 1920 the name Grass Island has been consistently used.
### Bill Rock {#bill_rock}
Bill Rock 54°09\'S, 36°39\'W Rock which lies 0.3 mi E of the S end of Grass Island in Stromness Bay, South Georgia. Charted and named in 1928 by DI personnel.
### Ems Rock {#ems_rock}
Ems Rock 54°10\'S, 36°35\'W Rock midway between Harrison Point and Busen Point in the S part of Stromness Bay. Charted by DI personnel under Lt. Cdr. J.M. Chaplin in 1927 and 1929. Named in 1957 by the UK-APC for the sailing vessel Ems, owned by the Tønsberg Hvalfangeri, Husvik, located at the head of Husvik Harbor in Stromness Bay.
### Bucentaur Rock {#bucentaur_rock}
Bucentaur Rock 54°09\'S, 36°33\'W The outermost of three rocks lying close NE of Busen Point, at the SE side of the entrance to Stromness Bay. The name Low Rock was given for this feature by DI personnel during their survey in 1927, but this name is used elsewhere in the Antarctic. Following the survey by SGS, 1951-52, the feature was renamed Bucentaur Rock after the floating factory Bucentaur, which was anchored at Husvik in the early years of the whaling station after 1907, and from which the Husvik transport Busen and the catchers Busen I, II, III, etc., derive their names.
### Brain Island {#brain_island}
Brain Island 54°10\'S, 36°42\'W Island at the N side of Husvik Harbor, in Stromness Bay, South Georgia. Charted and named by DI personnel in 1928.
### Camana Rock {#camana_rock}
Camana Rock 54°10\'S, 36°37\'W A rock midway between Kelp Point and Harrison Point in the S part of Stromness Bay, South Georgia. Mapped by DI personnel under Lt. Cdr. J.M. Chaplin in 1927 and 1929. Named in 1957 by the UK-APC for the sailing vessel Camana, owned by Tønsberg Hvalfangeri, Husvik, located at the head of Husvik Harbor in Stromness Bay.
### Discovery Rock {#discovery_rock}
Discovery Rock 54°09\'S, 36°35\'W Submerged rock in Stromness Bay, lying 0.7 mi NNE of Ems Rock. The rock was positioned by Discovery Investigations personnel under Lt. Cdr. J.M. Chaplin, RN, who made surveys of Stromness Bay in 1927 and 1929. They probably applied the name, which is now well established in local use
| 493 |
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| 2 |
10,022,232 |
# Hut Point Peninsula
**Hut Point Peninsula** (77 47 S 166 51 E) is a long, narrow peninsula from 2 to wide and 15 nmi long, projecting south-west from the slopes of Mount Erebus on Ross Island, Antarctica. McMurdo Station (US) and Scott Base (NZ) are Antarctic research stations located on the Hut Point Peninsula.
It is also home to historical sites including the Discovery Hut from Robert Falcon Scott\'s 1901 expedition, and memorials of various types. Hut Point Peninsula is the most inhabited place on Antarctica since the 1950s and is continuously occupied.
## History
The British National Antarctic Expedition (1901--04) under Robert Falcon Scott built its Discovery Hut on **Hut Point**, at the southern headland of the peninsula. Members of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910--13 (BAE), under Scott, wintering on Cape Evans and often using the hut during their journeys, came to refer to the whole peninsula as the Hut Point Peninsula.
### Historic sites and monuments {#historic_sites_and_monuments}
thumb\|upright=1.1\|Edward Wilson\'s map of Hut Point Peninsula, circa 1910 Several features on Hut Point, including the cross memorial for George Vince and the store hut for the Scott expeditions, are protected under the Antarctic Treaty. Both the cross (HSM 19) and the hut (HSM 18) have been designated Historic Sites or Monuments, following proposals by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. The point is protected as Antarctic Specially Protected Area No.158 largely because of its historic significance as one of the principal sites of early human activity in Antarctica.
## Features
Hut Point Peninsula consists of a series of basaltic scoria cones, craters and domes that were formed in the last 1.34 million years. Other features around the Hut Point Peninsula include Sultans Head Rock, Descent Cliff, Hutton Cliffs, Turtle Rock, Knob Point, Danger Slopes, Arrival Heights, Crater Hill, Hut Point, Cape Armitage, Observation Hill, The Gap and Pram Point.
## Craters
### First Crater {#first_crater}
. A crater on Arrival Heights, located 0.75 nmi north of Hut Point. Named by Debenham in 1912 on his local survey of Hut Point Peninsula during the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13.
### Second Crater {#second_crater}
. A crater on Arrival Heights, situated 0.6 nmi northeast of First Crater. Named by F. Debenham in 1912 on his local survey of Hut Point Peninsula during the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13.
### Sheppard Crater {#sheppard_crater}
. A distinctive breached crater rising to 200 m high about 0.8 nmi east of Castle Rock. Named in 2000 by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) after Deirdre Jeanette Sheppard, DSIR Antarctic Division/NZAP/Antarctica NZ librarian, 1980-96, who worked one season at Vanda Station.
### Half Moon Crater {#half_moon_crater}
. A crater 0.5 nmi southwest of Castle Rock. Descriptively named for its shape by Frank Debenham of British Antarctic Expedition (British Antarctic Expedition), 1910-13, who made a plane table survey of the peninsula in 1912.
### Twin Crater {#twin_crater}
. A crater with twin nested cones that rises behind McMurdo Station and 0.5 nmi west of Crater Hill. This crater was named Middle Crater by Frank Debenham of the British Antarctic Expedition (British Antarctic Expedition), 1910-13, apparently for its location in relation to First Crater and Crater Hill, but the name has fallen into disuse. Twin Crater, alluding to the nested cones in the crater, was applied as early as 1971 and the name has become established because of consistent use in current maps and reports.
| 570 |
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| 0 |
10,022,232 |
# Hut Point Peninsula
## Northern features {#northern_features}
Features in the north of the peninsula, from north to south, include
### Centipede Nunatak {#centipede_nunatak}
. A narrow nunatak that is 0.3 nmi long, located 0.8 nmi north-northwest of Ford Rock in central Hut Point Peninsula. The name is allusive; snow that cuts across parts of the nunatak gives it a segmented appearance resembling that of a centipede. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN), 2000.
### Rodgers Point {#rodgers_point}
. A point 2.5 nmi northeast of Knob Point on the west side of Hut Point Peninsula. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (2000) after Thelma Rodgers, scientific officer, who was the first woman to winter-over at Scott Base, 1979.
### Ford Rock {#ford_rock}
. A prominent rock 1 nmi northeast of Cone Hill. Cone Hill and this rock were designated \"Cone Hill I\" and \"Cone Hill II,\" respectively, by the British Antarctic Expedition under Scott, 1910-13. Cone Hill has been approved for Scott\'s \"Cone Hill I,\" but a new name suggested by A.J. Heine has been substituted for this prominent rock. M.R.J. Ford, New Zealand surveyor, established a survey beacon network for the McMurdo Ice Shelf Project, 1962-63. A survey beacon was established earlier on this rock by a United States Hydrographic Office survey team, 1955-56.
### Cone Hill {#cone_hill}
. A hill 2 nmi northeast of Castle Rock. The descriptive name \"Cone Hill I\" was used by the British Antarctic Expedition under Robert Falcon Scott, 1910-13, but the form Cone Hill has come into general use.
### Ackley Point {#ackley_point}
. An ice-covered point 1 nmi southeast of Cone Hill on the east side of Hut Point Peninsula. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 2000 after Stephen F. Ackley, Snow and Ice Division, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), Hanover, New Hampshire, a U.S. Antarctic Project (USAP) sea ice specialist who worked in McMurdo Sod and diverse parts of the Southern Ocean for more than 25 years, dating from the 1976-77 austral season.
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