id
int64 39
11.1M
| section
stringlengths 3
4.51M
| length
int64 2
49.9k
| title
stringlengths 1
182
| chunk_id
int64 0
68
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
10,035,345 |
# École Le Mascaret
**École Le Mascaret** (*French for Le Mascaret School*) is a middle school located in Eastern Moncton. Le Mascaret no longer shares the same building as École L\'Odyssée, a public francophone high school. Le Mascaret accommodates 575 students from grades 6 to 8. The new complex replaced the old Vanier and Beauséjour schools, which were shut down in 2005.
Le Mascaret is anticipated to move locations in 2021 to offer more space from the overpopulated school École L\'Odyssée
| 81 |
École Le Mascaret
| 0 |
10,035,358 |
# Polonuevo
**Polonuevo** is a municipality and town in the Colombian department of Atlántico
| 14 |
Polonuevo
| 0 |
10,035,379 |
# Larry Carriere
**Lawrence Robert Carrière** (born January 30, 1952) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman and executive. He was drafted in the second round, 25th overall, by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1972 NHL Amateur Draft. He played in the National Hockey League with the Sabres, Atlanta Flames, Vancouver Canucks, Los Angeles Kings, and Toronto Maple Leafs.
In his NHL career, Carrière appeared in 367 games. He scored 16 goals and added 74 assists.
After retiring as a player, Carrière spent 20 years with the Sabres as a scout and executive, and five with the Washington Capitals as a scout.
On July 16, 2010, Carrière joined the Montreal Canadiens as assistant general manager and director of player personnel. Carrière became an assistant coach with the Canadiens on December 17, 2011. In June 2017, Carrière was named general manager of the Laval Rocket while maintaining his assistant general manager duties for Marc Bergevin. He stepped down from the Rocket general manager role after one year, and was also replaced as Canadiens assistant general manager by director of player personnel Trevor Timmins. Carrière remained with the Canadiens as a senior advisor until the end of the 2019-20 season, after which his contract was not renewed
| 206 |
Larry Carriere
| 0 |
10,035,394 |
# The Wackers
**The Wackers** was an American folk rock band formed in 1970, out of another band, Roxy. Though short-lived the band was moderately successful, releasing three studio albums.
## Career
Singer/songwriter Bob Segarini and multi-instrumentalist Randy Bishop disbanded Roxy and joined with singer-guitarist-keyboardist Michael Stull to form the new group in Eureka, California. Bassist Bill \'Kootch\' Trochim and drummer Spencer Earnshaw completed The Wackers line-up to record the debut album *Wackering Heights*, produced by Gary Usher. Following the success of the tracks \"Travelin\' Time\" and \"Body Go Round\", the band toured Canada and the United States.
The next year (1972), the band moved to Montreal, Canada around the time that they released their sophomore LP *Hot Wacks* to good reviews. The album, recorded at Andre Perry Studios, and produced by Gary Usher, featured \"I Hardly Know Her Name\" and a cover of John Lennon\'s \"Oh My Love\". *Billboard*, April 15, 1972, had this to say about \"Hot Wacks\":
: The Wackers have been wackering around for a long time with only a modicum of success; this album may well rectify that state of affairs. Their music is penetratingly electrifying, their songs possessing an unusual built-in compulsion. This album contains some lingeringly lovely efforts, (\"Oh My Love\" and \"Do You Know the Reason\") as well as ripplingly up-tempo numbers (\"I Hardly Know Her Name\" and \"Breathe Easy.\")
Comparing them favorably to the Hollies, the Beatles, and Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, Bill Mann, *Montreal Gazette*, called The Wackers, \"one of the tightest singing groups around,\" adding, \"theirs is a vocal alphabet soup with a little bit of everything thrown in (with the letters spelling \"Sho good listening\").\"
Most of side two of the album was the six-song \"Time Will Carry On\" suite which reminded the listener of side two of The Beatles\' *Abbey Road*. Mann says,
: The next six cuts on Side Two are a fast-moving melody, and The Wackers\' transitions from one melody to another are the best I\'ve heard since *Sergeant Pepper\'s*. . . . \[the title cut\] is distinguished by a tough slashing guitar line that is the most distinctive and interesting thing on the album.\"
:
Many references to the Hot Wacks LP erroneously refer to songs that do not appear on any Wackers LPs including \"Windy Days\", \"I Got My Friends\" and remakes of \"New York City\" and \"Rock and Roll Circus\", which were songs from the Roxy album in 1970. The third album, *Shredder*, was released in 1973 and featured \"Day and Night\" (a chart single) (number 50 Can.), \"Beach Song\", and \"Last Dance\".
Despite Michael Stull leaving the group shortly after the move to Montreal, and April Wine drummer Jerry Mercer and guitarist JP Lauzon playing on several of the *Shredder* tracks, Segarini, Trochim, Bishop, and Earnshaw went on to record an unreleased fourth album, \"Wack \'n\' Roll.\" Soon after, Earnshaw returned to California and Randy Bishop began a solo career. The Wackers soldiered on for a time with new additions---Leon Holt, Norman Vosko, and Wayne Cullen---and released one single on Polydor Records, \"All I Want To Do Is Love You.\" Segarini, Trochim, and Cullen then formed The Dudes, with original April Wine members David and Ritchie Henman, and future April Wine guitarist Brian Greenway for one album. Bob Segarini went on to enjoy a critically acclaimed solo career and later ventured into TV and radio broadcasting.
The group has no connection with an identically named group from Liverpool who released three singles including \"I Wonder Why\" in 1964 and 1965
| 590 |
The Wackers
| 0 |
10,035,395 |
# Mahmoud Nasr
**Mahmoud Nasr** (*محمود نصر*) was a critically acclaimed Egyptian cinematographer of the 1950s and 1960s.
He worked in the Egyptian film industry between 1949 and 1969 and shot acclaimed Egyptian films such as ***Ard el salam*** (1957), ***Aghla Min Hayati**\'\' (1965) and***The Man Who Lost His Shadow**\'\' (1968).
## Filmography
- Moutarada gharamia (1968)
- Ragol el-lazi fakad zilloh, El (1968)
\... a.k.a. The Man Who Lost His Shadow (International: English title: informal literal title)
- Agazet gharam (1967)
- Moukhareboun, Al (1967)
- Aghla Min Hayati (1965)
- Talata yuhebbunaha, El (1966) (director of photography)
\... a.k.a. All Three Love Her (International: English title)
- Morahekan, El (1964)
\... a.k.a. The Two Young Men (International: English title)
- Ana hurra (1958)
\... a.k.a. I Am Free (International: English title)
- Hatta naltaki (1958)
\... a.k.a. I\'ll See You (International: English title)
- La anam (1958)
\... a.k.a. No Tomorrow (International: English title)
- Zoja el azraa, El (1958) (director of photography)
\... a.k.a. The Virgin Wife (International: English title)
- Ard el salam (1957)
\... a.k.a. Land of Peace (International: English title)
- Kursi el iteraf (1949)
\... a.k.a
| 193 |
Mahmoud Nasr
| 0 |
10,035,399 |
# Ponedera
**Ponedera** (`{{IPA|es|poneˈðeɾa}}`{=mediawiki}) is a municipality and town in the Colombian department of Atlántico
| 15 |
Ponedera
| 0 |
10,035,411 |
# Russell Coffey
**James Russell Coffey** Ed.D. (September 1, 1898 -- December 20, 2007) was one of the last three American veterans of the First World War and also the oldest one of them.
## Biography
Born in Tiro, Ohio, Coffey enlisted in the United States Army in October 1918, about a month before the armistice was signed. He was a student at The College of Wooster, living in Creston and taking a streetcar to Akron, where he worked in a rubber factory to pay his tuition. Two older brothers already were serving overseas, and he never shipped out. Russell was honorably discharged that same December.
Coffey met his future wife, Bernice, in Creston. She lived one street away, and they courted from about the time of his Army discharge until their marriage in 1922. Their only child, Betty Jo, was born in 1923 and died in September 2007. At 84, she was his only immediate relative still living. He died in a nursing facility in North Baltimore.
Coffey finished his bachelor\'s and master\'s degrees at Ohio State University. He also received his doctorate in education at New York University.
From 1948 to 1969, Coffey served as a faculty member at Bowling Green State University in Ohio. He was also initiated into the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity in 1964 by the Delta Beta Chapter at Bowling Green State University.
In June 2005, Coffey visited the Buckeye Boys State program at Bowling Green State University in Ohio.
By late March 2007, he was one of the last three known surviving American-born World War I veterans, as well as the oldest of them. He was also the oldest living brother of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity
| 284 |
Russell Coffey
| 0 |
10,035,412 |
# Ron Mikolajczyk
**Ronald K. Mikolajczyk** (born June 2, 1950) is an American former professional football offensive tackle and retired professional wrestler. He attended the University of Tampa, graduating in 1971.
Mikolajczyk grew up in Passaic, New Jersey where he attended Passaic High School.
## Career
Mikolajczyk began his professional career in 1972, with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League. He was subsequently drafted in the 5th round of the National Football League\'s 1973 player draft by the Oakland Raiders, however he would end up playing the 1973 season with the Argonauts, and was released after that year.
Mikolajczyk then played the 1974 and 1975 seasons in the World Football League, with the Memphis Southmen.
In 1976, he joined the NFL\'s New York Giants, playing for four seasons.
After four years out of football, he joined the United States Football League, playing for the Tampa Bay Bandits, Memphis Showboats and Orlando Renegades.
During off season, and during his four-year break from football, Mikolajczyk was a professional wrestler, entering the business due to his friendship with Jerry Lawler
| 179 |
Ron Mikolajczyk
| 0 |
10,035,414 |
# .240 Apex
The **.240 Magnum Rimless Holland & Holland** (also known as the **.240 Apex** and the **.240 Super Express**) is a centrefire sporting rifle cartridge developed in English gunmakers Holland & Holland no later than 1919, primarily for use in hunting deer and plains game.
As it was common for rimless hunting cartridges, a rimmed (beltless) variant, at the time called just \"Holland\'s 240 Super Express\" and now sometimes named **.240 Flanged Magnum** or **.240 H&H Flanged**, was developed simultaneously for break-barrel rifles and combination guns.
## Overview
The ballistic performance of the .240 H&H in factory loads is very similar to that of the .243 Winchester, with a 100 gr bullet with a diameter of .245 inches (contrary to the .240 name) giving a muzzle velocity of approximately 2900 ft/s. When it is loaded at the same pressure as the .243 WSSM using modern powders, the .240 H&H has the potential for slightly better performance.
Most bolt-action rifles made for the .240 H&H will be amply strong enough to handle hand-loaded cartridges at high pressure.
Cartridge Bullet weight Muzzle velocity Muzzle energy
------------------------------------ --------------- ----------------- ---------------
**.240 H&H Magnum**
.240 Weatherby Magnum
.242 Rimless Nitro Express
.243 Winchester
.243 Winchester Super Short Magnum
.244 H&H Magnum
.246 Purdey
6 mm Lee Navy
6 mm Remington
:
| 219 |
.240 Apex
| 0 |
10,035,421 |
# MT-TV (band)
**MT-TV** are a British female rock band, formed of former members of Rockbitch.
Bassist Fuse and late drummer Jo also performed in the acoustic alternative rock band Syren, along with Erin Bennett
| 35 |
MT-TV (band)
| 0 |
10,035,448 |
# Repelón
**Repelón** is a Colombian municipality and town in the department of Atlántico
| 14 |
Repelón
| 0 |
10,035,465 |
# Democratic Party of Nigeria and the Cameroons
**Democratic Party of Nigeria and the Cameroons** was a Nigerian political party formed in August 1958. The party was an offshoot of a N.C.N.C reform committee headed by Tobi Izedonmi which waged an unsuccessful challenge to the leadership of Nnamdi Azikiwe. The resulting schism with the political leaders of the dominant Igbo party did not translate to overwhelming grass root support. However, the party was considerably known in the Orlu and Onitsha districts
| 81 |
Democratic Party of Nigeria and the Cameroons
| 0 |
10,035,475 |
# Bombhead
David Burke}} `{{Infobox soap character
| series = Hollyoaks
| image = [[File:Bombhead.jpg|200px]]
| name = Bombhead
| portrayer = [[Lee Otway]]
| introducer = [[Jo Hallows]] (2001) <br>[[Paul Marquess]] (2011)
| years = 2001–2005, 2011
| first = 10 October 2001
| last = 14 January 2011
| classification = [[List of former Hollyoaks characters#Last appeared in 2011|Former; regular]]
| spinoffs = ''[[Hollyoaks: Freshers]]'' (2010)
| occupation = Circus performer<br>Student
| alias = David Burke
}}`{=mediawiki} **David \"Bombhead\" Burke** is a fictional character from the British soap opera *Hollyoaks*, played by Lee Otway. The character debuted on-screen during the episode broadcast on 10 October 2001. Initially known as \"David Witherstone\", he appeared on the soap between 2001 and 2005. In 2010, Otway reprised the role in online spin-off *Hollyoaks: Freshers*. The character returned again on 13 January 2011 for two episodes.
## Casting
Otway was hired cast in the role of Bombhead in 2001 and producers hired him to appear in just six episodes. Thereafter, the role was expanded and Otway continued to appear until he became a permanent cast member. Otway made his first on-screen appearance as Bombhead during the episode broadcast on 10 October 2001.
## Development
A writer from the show\'s official website described Bombhead \"previously loveably insane and unpredictable\". They noted that the death of his mother changed Bombhead\'s characterisation completely. The assessed that he became a \"lonely, confused and emotionally unstable\" character. Bombhead is often used in the show\'s comedic stories as the character gets himself into funny situations. Otway told Claire Brand from *Inside Soap* that \"Bombhead is loveable, but he is in his own little world half the time.\" He added that Bombhead is a \"fun part to play\" because he \"is always doing something daft\". Otway revealed that Bombhead\'s lack of seriousness sometimes made playing the part difficult to take seriously. He noted that the comedic stories that required him to appear as Bombhead without any underwear on was a prime example of this.
In July 2002, writers created an inappropriate crush story for Bombhead, when he falls in love with the older character Helen Cunningham (Kathryn George). His feelings develop after he attends the Jubilee celebration party where attendees wear period costumes. Bombhead accidentally sees Helen\'s underwear and becomes infatuated with her. Otway told Brand that his character really believes Helen flashed her underwear on purpose and is \"completely hooked\" on her. He becomes convinced Helen has sexual feelings for him too and tries to spend more time with her. He applies for a job at Helen\'s ironing business, Steam Team, believing she will obviously hire him because \"she fancies him\". Helen gives Bombhead the job because she deems him suitable, but presumes Helen is doing so to initiate a relationship. Otway explained his character\'s delusion as him wanting \"to be around her all the time and he is convinced she feels the same way.\"
Helen\'s daughter Mandy Richardson (Sarah Jayne Dunn) realises that Bombhead is in love with Helen and warns her mother about his true intentions. Helen invites Bombhead to lunch to stop Bombhead\'s advances. Otway added that \"Bombhead is convinced that Helen wants to tell him that she loves him.\" When they meet up, Helen tells Bombhead he is fired from working at Steam Team because he lacks the required experience. Bombhead does not believe her because of how his mind works. He \"takes this completely the wrong way\" as he perceives their conversation as being \"filled with innuendo\". Helen becomes annoyed with Bombhead\'s refusal to accept reality and attempts a more direct explanation, but his infatuation grows. Otway explained that Bombhead becomes convinced Helen is \"playing hard to get\" and is worried about leaving her husband, Gordon Cunningham (Bernard Latham). He added that Bombhead is not deterred by Helen\'s marriage and \"was convinced her family weren\'t a problem\". Helen is left with the dilemma of trying to stop Bombhead from pursuing her further. Otway revealed that he enjoyed working on the storyline with George and Latham because they were \"both fantastic\" during the story.
In 2010, Otway reprised the role in online spin-off series titled *Hollyoaks: Freshers*.
| 693 |
Bombhead
| 0 |
10,035,475 |
# Bombhead
## Storylines
Bombhead was Lee Hunter\'s best friend, and was introduced into the series as a schoolfriend of Zara Morgan, Cameron Clark, Norman Sankofa, Abby Davies and Lee Hunter. Slightly odd, socially inept and occasionally stupid, but with a heart of gold, David frequently misunderstood other characters to comic effect. Bombhead liked to cook. He became somewhat of an apprentice to Tony Hutchinson, and worked in Il Gnosh. He was close friends with Gordon Cunningham, who was a father figure to him. He was devastated when Gordon and his wife, Helen, were killed in a car crash and briefly became a Christian.
When Bombhead\'s mother died, David suffered a mental breakdown. Unable to accept her death, he lived with her body and continued to act as if she were still alive, doing her dry cleaning and cooking her meals. David\'s only form of comfort during this time was a recurring hallucination of Gordon Cunningham, who would offer advice and try to convince Bombhead to accept what had happened and ask his friends for help. Cameron had noticed something was wrong with David and wanted to help him in return for Bombhead helping him when he attempted suicide. Cameron tried to get David to open up but he refused. David\'s mother\'s body was eventually discovered by his friend Lee. Lee had gone round to the house thinking it would be empty so he could have sex with his friend Stacey Foxx. Stacey sat down on Mrs Burke\'s body and screamed. Realising what had happened, Lee and his mother Sally convinced Bombhead to move in with the Hunters. After his mother\'s funeral, Bombhead stopped seeing visions of Mr Cunningham.
After his mother\'s death, Bombhead spent considerable time trying to track down his father, a person he only knew through letters his mother had hidden from him until her demise. After much effort, it became apparent that he would never succeed. It wasn\'t until Lee decided to hire a collection of clowns as a fundraising exercise for students at HCC that David would finally meet his father, a clown, of which ironically Bombhead had always suffered an irrational fear of. Bombhead\'s friendship with Lee would finally come to an end when Lee was turned against him by the evil machinations of Chris Fenwick, although once he found out what Chris was up to, Lee made up with Bombhead. David decided to leave Hollyoaks and join the circus to live with his father. Bombhead mattered so much to Lee that after Lee\'s hearing over diverting college funds, during which Chris used Bombhead\'s joining the circus against Lee, he punched Chris square in the face, saying, \"This is for Bombhead\".
In the spinoff *Hollyoaks: Freshers*, Lee called Bombhead to ask if he should propose to his girlfriend Leanne Holiday. Bombhead said since he loved her enough to try to retrieve the ring he had dropped down a portable toilet at a musical festival, then yes. Bombhead is seen on 13 January 2011 asking Amy Barnes where Lee & Leannes wedding is, he is there to be Lee\'s best man. After Amy reveals that Leanne wrote a fake letter in Amy\'s name, the wedding was ultimately called off. Leading Bombhead and Lee to hide in a wardrobe from Leanne. Bombhead talks to Amy about her relationship with Lee and how she didn\'t intend to break up Lee & Leanne, Bombhead helps Lee to get through the breakup and choose between Amy and Leanne by tossing a coin, Amy finds them doing this and is not impressed. He then returns home.
| 596 |
Bombhead
| 1 |
10,035,475 |
# Bombhead
## Reception
For his performance as Bombhead, Lee Otway was nominated in the Best Actor and Best Dramatic Performance at the 2005 British Soap Awards.
Otway was nominated for a North West Comedy award in 2004 and 2005.
Otway was nominated for Best Actor at the 2004 National Television Awards.
Bombhead was nominated for the \"Funniest Performance\" accolade at the 2004 Inside Soap Awards.
A writer from Virgin Media opined that Bombhead was \"nice but dim\" and a \"good-hearted joker\" with a \"morbid fear of clowns\". They also considered him as one of the show\'s most popular characters.
Zoe Delaney from *Daily Mirror* stated that viewers \"fondly remember the character\" and his \"loveable personality\". She branded Bombhead as \"hapless\" with an \"eccentric way of life\" due to his many career changes. She added that Bombhead\'s \"bromance\" with Lee and his \"charming ways\" made him \"quickly become a fan-favourite\". Delaney concluded that viewers \"hearts were broken\" when Otway left the role. An *Inside Soap* critic praised *Hollyoaks{{\'}}* return to a good \"standard\" in August 2002 due to story changes. They praised Bombhead stories with Helen, stating \"we have loved Bombhead\'s hilarious crush on Helen
| 195 |
Bombhead
| 2 |
10,035,491 |
# Jones P. Madeira
**Jones P. Madeira** (1944 or 1945 -- 10 January 2025) was a Trinidadian journalist. He was editor-in-chief of the *Trinidad and Tobago Guardian*, from which position he was dismissed after prime minister Basdeo Panday accused him of bias in coverage of the November 1995 general election. Madeira died after a lengthy illness on 10 January 2025, at the age of 80
| 65 |
Jones P. Madeira
| 0 |
10,035,504 |
# Warsaw Army
The **Warsaw Army** (*Armia Warszawa*) was one of the Polish armies to take part in the Polish Defensive War of 1939. Created on 8 September, eight days after the invasion begun, it was an improvised formation charged with the defence of the Polish capital of Warsaw (Warszawa).
## Tasks
To defend the Polish capital Warsaw in the face of breakthrough by the German forces.
## Operational history {#operational_history}
On 3 September 1939 the Minister of the Army (*Min. Spraw Wojskowych*), general Tadeusz Kasprzycki, ordered general Walerian Czuma (the Commander of the Border Guards - *Straż Graniczna*) to organize a force to defend the city of Warsaw against a German attack. The city had been under constant attack by the Luftwaffe since the early morning of 1 September. Initially the only organized units available to him were four infantry battalions, anti-aircraft artillery and anti-aircraft machine guns detachments under colonel Kazimierz Baran, composed mostly of fire-fighter brigades and volunteers supervised by colonel Tadeusz Bogdanowicz and Julian Kulski, the deputy president of Warsaw. The AA artillery had 86 pieces of anti-aircraft artillery, as well as an unknown number of anti-aircraft machine guns. In addition there was an air force Pursuit Brigade which was equipped with 54 fighter aircraft. On the 5 and 6 September the air force and 11 batteries of anti-aircraft artillery were withdrawn to Lublin. Initially however parts of various army units, primarily of Łódź Army, retreating before the onslaught of German armor units, were added to his force.
On 8 September General Juliusz Rómmel, the commander of the Łódź Army who had become separated from his operational units, arrived in Warsaw with his staff. The chief of staff of the Polish Armed Forces, general Wacław Stachiewicz (then in Brześć), appointed him the overall commander of all forces defending Warsaw, including the Warsaw Defense Force, the Modlin Fortress and the army units immediately south and north-east of Warsaw
During the next days, army units retreating in face of the onslaughts of the German armor and under continuous air attacks, fought their way through the German lines to the besieged capital, in particular from the Battle of Bzura. After 13 September Warsaw and Modlin were effectively surrounded. The only way the Polish units were able to reach the besieged area was through the Kampinos Forest between Warsaw and the Vistula river. On 22 September German forces cut through the remaining lines of communication between Warsaw and Modlin.
On 26 September, after heavy bombardment had cut off water and the civilian population was starving, the city was forced to surrender. On 28 September the Polish forces in Warsaw capitulated; fort Modlin capitulated the following day.
| 445 |
Warsaw Army
| 0 |
10,035,504 |
# Warsaw Army
## Units
Commander: General Juliusz Rómmel
Chief of staff: col Aleksander Pragłowski
Deputy Commander: General Tadeusz Kutrzeba, was commander of Army Poznan - reached Warsaw 16 September.
Commander of Warsaw Garrison: Walerian Czuma
### Warsaw West {#warsaw_west}
Commander: General Walerian Czuma,
- 40th Infantry Regiment \"Children of Lwów\" (Lt.Col. Józef Kalandyk) - transport through Warsaw stopped 7 September.
- Legia Akademicka (Academic Legion) - made up of students of the universities.
- Volunteer Units
**Elements of Army Poznań**
- 25th Infantry Division. (Gen. Franciszek Alter) - elements fight through enemy lines 20 September.
- 14 Cavalry Ulan Regiment (Col. Edward Godlewski) - 431 survivors charge through enemy lines 19 September
- Podole Cavalry Brigade (Col. Leon Strzelecki) - fights through German lines 20 September
- Wielkopolska Cavalry Regiment (Gen. Roman Abraham) - fights through enemy lines 20 September.
**Elements of Army Pomorze**
- 15th Infantry Division, (Gen. Zdzislaw Przyjalkowski) - 1500 survivors fight through 22 September.
- Pomorze Cavalry Brigade (Col. Adam Bogoria-Zakrzewski) - survivors fight through 20 September.
### Warsaw East {#warsaw_east}
Commander: 5 September Lt.Col. Julian Janowski; from 15 September Gen. Juliusz Zulauf (originally Commander of 5th Infantry Division)
**Elements of Army Modlin**
- 5th Infantry Division (Gen. Juliusz Zulauf) retreated from river Narew front 13 September.
- 20th Infantry Division (Col. Wilhelm Andrzej Lawicz-Liszka) - arrived from north 15 September
- 21st Infantry Regiment \"Children of Warsaw\" (Col. Stanisław Sosabowski) - separated from 8th Infantry Division, arrived 21 September.
### Modlin Fortress {#modlin_fortress}
Commander: Gen.Wiktor Thommée - after 12 September.
**Elements of Modlin Army**
- 5th Infantry Division - some elements retreated from battle near Dębe on Narew river - 14 Sept
- 8th Infantry Division (Col. Teodor Wiktor Furgalski) - remains of division after retreat from north (mainly 32 Inf.Reg. and some units of artillery) - from 8 September
**Elements of Poznań Army and Pomorze Army** remains arrived from the Battle of Bzura after 18 September.
- 36th Infantry Regiment
**Elements of Łódź Army** arrived on 13 September.
- 30th Infantry Division (Gen. Leopold Cehak)
- Wołyńska Cavalry Brigade (col
| 347 |
Warsaw Army
| 1 |
10,035,505 |
# Rob Conn
**Robert Phillip Conn** (born September 3, 1968) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right wing. He played 30 games in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Blackhawks and Buffalo Sabres between 1992 and 1996. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1991 to 1997, was mainly spent in the minor leagues.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Conn was born in Calgary, Alberta. As a youth, he played in the 1981 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Calgary. He played in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Blackhawks and Buffalo Sabres. In his NHL career, Conn appeared in thirty games. He scored two goals and added five assists. In 1995, he won the Calder Cup with the Albany River Rats, and again 1996 with the Rochester Americans
| 138 |
Rob Conn
| 0 |
10,035,514 |
# Intimate partner violence
**Intimate partner violence** (**IPV**) is domestic violence by a current or former spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other spouse or partner. IPV can take a number of forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic and sexual abuse. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines IPV as \"any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm to those in the relationship, including acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behaviors.\" IPV is sometimes referred to simply as battery, or as spouse or partner abuse.
The most extreme form of IPV is termed *intimate terrorism*, *coercive controlling violence*, or simply *coercive control*. In such situations, one partner is systematically violent and controlling. This is generally perpetrated by men against women, and is the most likely of the types to require medical services and the use of a women\'s shelter. Resistance to intimate terrorism, which is a form of self-defense, and is termed *violent resistance*, is usually conducted by women.
Studies on domestic violence against men suggest that men are less likely to report domestic violence perpetrated by their female intimate partners. Conversely, men are more likely to commit acts of severe domestic battery, and women are more likely to suffer serious injury as a result.
The most common but less injurious form of intimate partner violence is *situational couple violence* (also known as *situational violence*), which is conducted by men and women nearly equally, and is more likely to occur among younger couples, including adolescents (see teen dating violence) and those of college age.
| 265 |
Intimate partner violence
| 0 |
10,035,514 |
# Intimate partner violence
## Background
thumb\|upright=2\|Percentage of women who experienced violence by an intimate partner, 2016 Intimate partner violence occurs between two people in an intimate relationship or former relationship. It may occur between heterosexual or homosexual couples and victims can be male or female. Couples may be dating, cohabiting or married and violence can occur in or outside of the home.
Studies in the 1990s showed that both men and women could be abusers or victims of domestic violence.`{{refn|Gelles 1980, 1989; McNeely and Mann 1990; Shupe, Stacey, and Hazelwood 1987; Straus 1973; Straus, Gelles, and Steinmetz 1980; Steinmetz 1977/1978.|group=nb}}`{=mediawiki} Women are more likely to act violently in retaliation or self-defense and tend to engage in less severe forms of violence than men whereas men are more likely to commit long-term cycles of abuse than women.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines intimate partner violence as \"any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm to those in the relationship\". The WHO also adds controlling behaviors as a form of abuse.
According to a study conducted in 2010, 30% of women globally aged 15 and older have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence.
Global estimates by WHO calculated that the incidence of women who had experienced physical or sexual abuse from an intimate partner in their lifetime was 1 in 3.
The complications from intimate partner violence are profound. Intimate partner violence is associated with increased rates of substance abuse amongst the victims, including tobacco use. Those who are victims of intimate partner violence are also more likely to experience depression, PTSD, anxiety and suicidality. Women who experience intimate partner violence have a higher risk of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infection, including HIV. This is thought to be due to forced or coerced sex and reproductive coercion (ie. removing a condom during sex or blocking the woman\'s access to contraception). Children whose parent experiences intimate partner violence are more likely to become victims of IPV themselves or become perpetrators of violence later in life.
Injuries that are frequently seen in victims of IPV include contusions, lacerations, fractures (especially of the head, neck and face), strangulation injuries (a strong predictor of future serious injury or death), concussions and traumatic brain injuries.
Region Percent
----------------------- ---------
**Global** **30%**
Africa 36.6%
Eastern Mediterranean 37%
European 25.4%
South-East Asia 37.7%
The Americas 29.8%
East Asia 24.6%
| 399 |
Intimate partner violence
| 1 |
10,035,514 |
# Intimate partner violence
## Assessment
### Screening tools {#screening_tools}
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening women of reproductive age for intimate partner violence, and provide information or referral to social services for those who screen positive.
Some of the most studied IPV screening tools were the Hurt, Insult, Threaten, and Scream (HITS), the Woman Abuse Screening Tool/Woman Abuse Screening Tool-Short Form (WAST/WAST-SF), the Partner Violence Screen (PVS), and the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS).
The HITS is a four-item scale rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (never) to 5 (frequently). This tool was initially developed and tested among family physicians and family practice offices, and since then has been evaluated in diverse outpatient settings. Internal reliability and concurrent validity are acceptable. Generally, sensitivity of this measure has found to be lower among men than among women.
The WAST is an eight-item measure (there is a short form of the WAST that consists of the first two items only). It was originally developed for family physicians, but subsequently has been tested in the emergency department. It has been found to have good internal reliability and acceptable concurrent validity.
The PVS is a three-item measure scored on a yes/no scale, with positive responses to any question denoting abuse. It was developed as a brief instrument for the emergency department.
The AAS is a five-item measure scored on a yes/no scale, with positive responses to any question denoting abuse. It was created to detect abuse perpetrated against pregnant women. The screening tool has been tested predominantly with young, poor women. It has acceptable test retest reliability.
The Danger Assessment-5 screening tool can assess for risk of severe injury or homicide due to intimate partner violence. A \"yes\" response to two or more questions suggests a high risk of severe injury or death in women experiencing intimate partner violence. The five questions ask about an increasing frequency of abuse over the past year, use of weapons during the abuse, if the victim believes their partner is capable of killing them, the occurrence of choking during the abuse, and if the abuser is violently and constantly jealous of the victim.
### Research instruments {#research_instruments}
One instrument used in research on family violence is the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Two versions have been developed from the original CTS: the CTS2 (an expanded and modified version of the original CTS) and the CTSPC (CTS Parent-Child). The CTS is one of the most widely criticized domestic violence measurement instruments due to its exclusion of context variables and motivational factors in understanding acts of violence. The National Institute of Justice cautions that the CTS may not be appropriate for IPV research \"because it does not measure control, coercion, or the motives for conflict tactics.\" The Index of Spousal Abuse, popular in medical settings, is a 30-item self-report scale created from the CTS.
Another assessment used in research to measure IPV is the Severity of Violence Against Women Scales (SVAWS). This scale measures how often a woman experiences violent behaviors by her partner.
| 508 |
Intimate partner violence
| 2 |
10,035,514 |
# Intimate partner violence
## Causes
### Attitudes
Research based on the Ambivalent Sexism Theory found that individuals who endorse sexist attitudes show a higher acceptance of myths that justify intimate partner violence compared to those who do not. Both students and adults with a more traditional perception of gender roles are more likely to blame the victim for the abuse than those who hold more non-traditional conceptions. Researchers Rollero and Tartaglia found that two dimensions of ambivalent sexism are particularly predictive of violence myth: hostility toward women and benevolence toward men. They both contribute to legitimizing partner violence and this, in turn, leads to undervaluing the seriousness of the abuse.
Various studies have been conducted that link beliefs in myths of romantic love to greater probability of cyber-control perpetration toward the partner in youths aged 18 to 30, and a higher degree of justifying intimate partner violence in adults. Myths of romantic love include beliefs in the power of love to cope with all kind of difficulties, the need of having a romantic relationship to be happy, the belief in jealousy as a sign of love, the perception of love as suffering, and the existence of our soul mate who is our only one true love.
### Demographics
A notice from the National Institute of Justice noted that women who were more likely to experience intimate partner violence had some common demographic factors. Women who had children by age 21 were twice as likely to be victims of intimate partner violence as women who were not mothers at that age. Men who had children by age 21 were more than three times as likely to be people who abuse compared to men who were not fathers at that age. Many male abusers are also substance abusers. More than two-thirds of males who commit or attempt homicide against a partner used alcohol, drugs, or both during the incident; less than one-fourth of the victims did. The lower the household income, the higher the reported intimate partner violence rates. Intimate partner violence impairs a woman\'s capacity to find employment. A study of women who received AFDC benefits found that domestic violence was associated with a general pattern of reduced stability of employment. Finally, many victims had mental health troubles. Almost half of the women reporting serious domestic violence also meet the criteria for major depression; 24 percent suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder, and 31 percent from anxiety.
### I³ Theory {#i³_theory}
The I³ Theory (pronounced *I-cubed*) explains intimate partner violence as an interaction of three processes: instigation, impellance, and inhibition. According to the theory, these three processes determine the likelihood that a conflict would escalate into violence. Instigation refers to the initial provocation or triggering action by a partner, such as infidelity or rejection. The effect of these current events is then shaped by impellance and inhibition. Impelling factors increase the likelihood of violence. Examples of impelling factors include poor communication, alcohol or substance abuse, precarious manhood, impulsive and weak self-regulation, and abuse history. Inhibiting factors decrease the likelihood of violence by overriding the aggressive impulses. Examples of inhibiting factors include empathy, lack of stress, economic prosperity, self-control, and punishment for aggression. Weak instigating triggers, weak impelling factors, and strong inhibiting factors lead to low risk of intimate partner violence. The I³ Theory is useful when describing not only heterosexual male-to-female violence, but violence across other relationship types as well, such as male-to-male, female-to-male, and female-to-female violence.
| 576 |
Intimate partner violence
| 3 |
10,035,514 |
# Intimate partner violence
## Types
Michael P. Johnson argues for four major types of intimate partner violence (also known as \"Johnson\'s typology\"), which is supported by subsequent research and evaluation, as well as independent researchers. Distinctions are made among the types of violence, motives of perpetrators, and the social and cultural context based upon patterns across numerous incidents and motives of the perpetrator. The United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) also divides domestic violence into types.
### Intimate terrorism {#intimate_terrorism}
Intimate terrorism, or coercive controlling violence (CCV), occurs when one partner in a relationship, typically a man, uses coercive control and power over the other partner, using threats, intimidation, and isolation. CCV relies on severe psychological abuse for controlling purposes; when physical abuse occurs it too is severe. In such cases, \"\[o\]ne partner, usually a man, controls virtually every aspect of the victim\'s, usually a woman\'s, life.\" Johnson reported in 2001 that 97% of the perpetrators of intimate terrorism were men.
Intimate partner violence may involve sexual, sadistic control, economic, physical, emotional and psychological abuse. Intimate terrorism is more likely to escalate over time, not as likely to be mutual, and more likely to involve serious injury. The victims of one type of abuse are often the victims of other types of abuse. Severity tends to increase with multiple incidents, especially if the abuse comes in many forms. If the abuse is more severe, it is more likely to have chronic effects on victims because the long-term effects of abuse tend to be cumulative. Because this type of violence is most likely to be extreme, survivors of intimate terrorism are most likely to require medical services and the safety of shelters. Consequences of physical or sexual intimate terrorism include chronic pain, gastrointestinal and gynecological problems, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and death. Other mental health consequences are anxiety, substance abuse, and low-self esteem.
Abusers are more likely to have witnessed abuse as children than those who engage in situational couple violence.
Intimate terrorism batterers include two types: \"Generally-violent-antisocial\" and \"dysphoric-borderline\". The first type includes people with general psychopathic and violent tendencies. The second type includes people who are emotionally dependent on the relationship. Violence by an individual against their intimate partner is often done as a way for controlling the partner, even if this kind of violence is not the most frequent.
### Violent resistance {#violent_resistance}
Violent resistance (VR), a form of self-defense, is violence perpetrated by victims against their partners who have exerted intimate terrorism against them. Within relationships of intimate terrorism and violent resistance, 96% of the violent resisters are women. VR can occur as an instinctive reaction in response to an initial attack or a defense mechanism after prolonged instances of violence. This form of resistance can sometimes become fatal if the victim feels as though their only way out is to kill their partner.
### Situational couple violence {#situational_couple_violence}
Situational couple violence, also called common couple violence, is not connected to general control behavior, but arises in a single argument where one or both partners physically lash out at the other. This is the most common form of intimate partner violence, particularly in the western world and among young couples, and involves women and men nearly equally. Among college students, Johnson found it to be perpetrated about 44% of the time by women and 56% of the time by men.
Johnson states that situational couple violence involves a relationship dynamic \"in which conflict occasionally gets \'out of hand,\' leading usually to \'minor\' forms of violence, and rarely escalating into serious or life-threatening forms of violence.\"
In situational couple violence, acts of violence by men and women occur at fairly equal rates, with rare occurrences of injury, and are not committed in an attempt to control a partner. It is estimated that approximately 50% of couples experience situational couple violence in their relationships.
Situational couple violence involves:
- Mode: Mildly aggressive behavior such as throwing objects, ranging to more aggressive behaviors such as pushing, slapping, biting, hitting, scratching, or hair pulling.
- Frequency: Less frequent than partner terrorism, occurring once in a while during an argument or disagreement.
- Severity: Milder than intimate terrorism, very rarely escalates to more severe abuse, generally does not include injuries that were serious or that caused one partner to be admitted to a hospital.
- Mutuality: Violence may be equally expressed by either partner in the relationship.
- Intent: Occurs out of anger or frustration rather than as a means of gaining control and power over the other partner.
### Reciprocal and non-reciprocal {#reciprocal_and_non_reciprocal}
The CDC divides domestic violence into two types: reciprocal, in which both partners are violent, and non-reciprocal violence, in which one partner is violent. Of the four types, situational couple violence and mutual violent control are reciprocal, while intimate terrorism is non-reciprocal. Violent resistance on its own is non-reciprocal, but is reciprocal when in response to intimate terrorism.
| 822 |
Intimate partner violence
| 4 |
10,035,514 |
# Intimate partner violence
## By gender {#by_gender}
In the 1970s and 1980s, studies using large, nationally representative samples resulted in findings indicating that women were as violent as men in intimate relationships. This information diverged significantly from shelter, hospital, and police data, initiating a long-standing debate, termed \"the gender symmetry debate\". One side of this debate argues that mainly men perpetrate IPV (the gender asymmetry perspective), whereas the other side maintains that men and women perpetrate IPV at about equal rates (gender symmetry perspective). However, research on gender symmetry acknowledges asymmetrical aspects of IPV, which show that men use more violent and often deadly means of IPV.
- *See also*:
Older conflict tactics scale (CTS) methodology was criticized for excluding two important facets in gender violence: conflict-motivated aggression and control-motivated aggression. For example, women commonly engage in IPV as a form of self-defense or retaliation.
Research has shown that the nature of the abuse inflicted by women upon male partners is different from the abuse inflicted by men, in that it is generally not used as a form of control and does not cause the same levels of injury or fear of the abusive partner. Scholars state these cases should not be generalized and each couple\'s specificities must be assessed. A 2016 meta-analysis indicated that the only risk factors for the perpetration of intimate partner violence that differ by gender are witnessing intimate partner violence as a child, alcohol use, male demand, and female withdrawal communication patterns.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that in the United States, 41% of women and 26% of men experience intimate partner violence within their lifetime.
### Gender asymmetry {#gender_asymmetry}
While both women and men can be victims and perpetrators of IPV, the majority of such violence is inflicted upon women, who are also much more likely to suffer injuries as a result, in both heterosexual and same-sex relationships. Although men and women commit equivalent rates of unreported minor violence via situational altercation, more severe perpetration and domestic battery tends to be committed by men. This is based on newer CTS methodology as opposed to older versions that did not take into account the contexts in which violence takes place. A 2008 systematic review published in journal of *Violence and Victims* found that despite less serious altercation or violence being equal among both men and women, more serious and violent abuse was perpetrated by men. It was also found that women\'s use of physical violence was more likely motivated by self-defense or fear whereas men\'s use of violence was motivated by control. A 2010 systematic review published in the journal of *Trauma Violence Abuse* found that the common motives for female on male IPV were anger, a need for attention, or as a response to their partner\'s violence. A 2011 review published in the journal of *Aggression and Violent behavior* found differences in the methods of abuse employed by men and women, suggesting that men were more likely to \"beat up, choke or strangle\" their partners, whereas women were more likely to \"throw something at their partner, slap, kick, bite, punch, or hit with an object\".
Researchers such as Michael S Kimmel have criticized CTS methodology in assessing relations between gender and domestic violence. Kimmel argued that the CTS excluded two important facets in gender violence: conflict-motivated aggression and control motivated aggression. The first facet is a form of family conflict (such as an argument) while the latter is using violence as a tool for control. Kimmel also argued that the CTS failed to assess for the severity of the injury, sexual assaults and abuse from ex-partners or spouses.
Women generally suffer more severe and long-lasting forms of partner abuse than men, and men generally have more opportunities to leave an abusive partner than women do.`{{refn|name=Wallace & Robertson 2016}}`{=mediawiki} Researchers have found different outcomes in men and women in response to such abuse. A 2012 review from the journal *Psychology of Violence* found that women suffered from over-proportionate numbers of injuries, fear, and posttraumatic stress as a result of partner violence. The review also found that 70% of female victims felt frightened as a result of violence perpetrated by their partners whereas 85% of male victims expressed \"no fear\" in response to such violence. Lastly, IPV correlated with relationship satisfaction for women but it did not do so for men.
According to government statistics from the US Department of Justice, male perpetrators constituted 96% of federal prosecution on domestic violence. Another report by the US Department of Justice on non-fatal domestic violence from 2003 to 2012 found that 76% of domestic violence was committed against women and 24% was committed against men. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the percentage of victims killed by their spouses or ex-spouses was 77.4% for women and 22.6% for men in 2008 in selected countries across Europe.
Globally, men\'s perpetration of intimate partner violence against women often stems from conceptions of masculinity and patriarchy. Studies done in the United States, Nigeria, and Guatemala all support the idea of men reacting violently towards their partners when their masculinity is threatened by changing gender roles. Recent scholarship draws attention to the complexity of interactions between conceptions of masculinity and factors such as colonialism, racism, class and sexual orientation in shaping attitudes toward intimate partner violence around the world.
| 895 |
Intimate partner violence
| 5 |
10,035,514 |
# Intimate partner violence
## By gender {#by_gender}
### Gender symmetry {#gender_symmetry}
The theory that women perpetrate intimate partner violence (IPV) at roughly the same rate as men has been termed \"gender symmetry.\" The earliest empirical evidence of gender symmetry was presented in the 1975 U.S. National Family Violence Survey carried out by Murray A. Straus and Richard J. Gelles on a nationally representative sample of 2,146 \"intact families.\" The survey found 11.6% of men and 12% of women had experienced some kind of IPV in the last twelve months, while 4.6% of men and 3.8% of women had experienced \"severe\" IPV.
These unexpected results led Suzanne K. Steinmetz to coin the controversial term \"battered husband syndrome\" in 1977. Ever since the publication of Straus and Gelles\' findings, other researchers into domestic violence have disputed whether gender symmetry really exists. Sociologist Michael Flood writes, \"there is no \'gender symmetry\' in domestic violence; there are important differences between men\'s and women\'s typical patterns of victimization; and domestic violence represents only a small proportion of the violence to which men are subject\".
Other empirical studies since 1975 suggest gender symmetry in IPV. Such results may be due to a bi-directional or reciprocal pattern of abuse, with one study concluding that 70% of assaults involve mutual acts of violence. According to Ko Ling Chan in a literature review of IPV, studies generally support the theory of gender symmetry if \"no contexts, motives, and consequences are considered\".
A 2008 systematic review found that while men and women perpetrate roughly equal levels of the less harmful types of domestic violence, termed \"situational couple violence\", men are much more likely than women to perpetrate \"serious and very violent \'intimate terrorism\'\". This review also found that \"women\'s physical violence is more likely than men\'s violence to be motivated by self-defense and fear, whereas men\'s physical violence is more likely than women\'s to be driven by control motives.\"
A 2010 systematic review found that women\'s perpetration of IPV is often a form of violent resistance as a means of self-defense and/or retaliation against their violent male partners, and that it was often difficult to distinguishing between self-defense and retaliation in such contexts.
A 2013 review of evidence from five continents found that when partner abuse is defined broadly (emotional abuse, any kind of hitting, who hits first), it is relatively even. However, when the review examined who is physically harmed and how seriously, expresses more fear, and experiences subsequent psychological problems, domestic violence primarily affects women. A sample from Botswana demonstrated higher levels of mental health consequences among females experiencing IPV, contrasting the results with males and females who experience IPV in Pakistan for which similar levels of mental health consequences were found.
## Sexual violence {#sexual_violence}
Sexual violence by intimate partners varies by country, with an estimated 15 million adolescent girls surviving forced sex worldwide. In some countries forced sex, or marital rape, often occurs with other forms of domestic violence, particularly physical abuse.
| 497 |
Intimate partner violence
| 6 |
10,035,514 |
# Intimate partner violence
## Treatment
### Individual treatment {#individual_treatment}
Due to the high prevalence and devastating consequences of IPV, approaches to decrease and prevent violence from re-occurring is of utmost importance. Initial police response and arrest is not always enough to protect victims from recurrence of abuse; thus, many states have mandated participation in batterer intervention programs (BIPs) for men who have been charged with assault against an intimate partner. Most of these BIPs are based on the Duluth model and incorporate some cognitive behavioral techniques.
The Duluth model is one of the most common current interventions for IPV. It represents a psycho-educational approach that was developed by paraprofessionals from information gathered from interviewing battered women in shelters and using principles from feminist and sociological frameworks. One of the main components used in the Duluth model is the \'power and control wheel\', which conceptualizes IPV as one form of abuse to maintain male privilege. Using the \'power and control wheel\', the goal of treatment is to achieve behaviors that fall on the \'equality wheel\' by re-educate men and by replacing maladaptive attitudes held by men.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques focus on modifying faulty or problematic cognitions, beliefs, and emotions to prevent future violent behavior and include skills training such as anger management, assertiveness, and relaxation techniques.
Overall, the addition of Duluth and CBT approaches results in a 5% reduction in IPV. This low reduction rate might be explained, at least in part, by the high prevalence of bidirectional violence as well as client-treatment matching versus \"one-size-fits-all\" approaches.
Achieving change through values-based behavior (ACTV) is a newly developed Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based program. Developed by domestic violence researcher Amie Zarling and colleagues at Iowa State University, the aim of ACTV is teach abusers \"situational awareness\"---to recognize and tolerate uncomfortable feelings -- so that they can stop themselves from exploding into rage.
Initial evidence of the ACTV program has shown high promise: Using a sample 3,474 men who were arrested for domestic assault and court-mandated to a BIP (either ACTV or Duluth/CBT), Zarling and colleagues showed that compared with Duluth/CBT participants, significantly fewer ACTV participants acquired any new charges, domestic assault charges, or violent charges. ACTV participants also acquired significantly fewer charges on average in the one year after treatment than Duluth/CBT participants.
Psychological therapies for women probably reduce the resulting depression and anxiety, however it is unclear if these approaches properly address recovery from complex trauma and the need for safety planning.
### Conjoint treatment {#conjoint_treatment}
Some estimates show that as many as 50% of couples who experience IPV engage in some form of reciprocal violence. Nevertheless, most services address offenders and survivors separately. In addition, many couples who have experienced IPV decide to stay together. These couples may present to couples or family therapy. In fact, 37-58% of couples who seek regular outpatient treatment have experienced physical assault in the past year. In these cases, clinicians are faced with the decision as to whether they should accept or refuse to treat these couples. Although the use of conjoint treatment for IPV is controversial as it may present a danger to victims and potentially escalate abuse, it may be useful to others, such as couples experiencing situational couple violence. Scholars and practitioners in the field call for tailoring of interventions to various sub-types of violence and individuals served.
Behavioral couple\'s therapy (BCT) is a cognitive-behavioral approach, typically delivered to outpatients in 15-20 sessions over several months. Research suggests that BCT can be effective in reducing IPV when used to treat co-occurring addictions, which is important work because IPV and substance abuse and misuse frequently co-occur.
Domestic conflict containment program (DCCP) is a highly structured skills-based program whose goal is to teach couples conflict containment skills.
Physical aggression couples treatment (PACT) is a modification of DCCP, which includes additional psychoeducational components designed to improve relationship quality, including such things as communication skills, fair fighting tactics, and dealing with gender differences, sex, and jealousy.
The primary goal of domestic violence focused couples treatment (DVFCT) is to end violence with the additional goal of helping couples improve the quality of their relationships. It is designed to be conducted over 18 weeks and can be delivered in either individual or multi-couple group format.
### Advocacy
Advocacy interventions have also been shown to have some benefits under specific circumstances. Brief advocacy may provide short-term mental health benefits and reduce abuse, particularly in pregnant women.
| 741 |
Intimate partner violence
| 7 |
10,035,514 |
# Intimate partner violence
## Treatment
### Prevention
Home visitation programs for children from birth up to two years old, with included screening for parental IPV and referral or education if screening is positive, have been shown to prevent future risk of IPV. Universal harm reduction education to patients in reproductive and adolescent healthcare settings has been shown to decrease certain types of IPV
| 64 |
Intimate partner violence
| 8 |
10,035,521 |
# Santa Lucía, Atlántico
**Santa Lucía** (`{{IPA|es|ˈsanta luˈsi.a}}`{=mediawiki}) is a municipality and town in the Colombian department of Atlántico. The town is located on the north bank of the Dique Canal
| 31 |
Santa Lucía, Atlántico
| 0 |
10,035,523 |
# Sayaka
is a feminine Japanese given name.
## People with the name {#people_with_the_name}
- Sayaka Aida (born 1975), Japanese voice actress
- , Japanese swimmer
- Sayaka Akimoto (born 1988), Japanese singer, dancer, actress, television host, and model
- Sayaka Ando (born 1981), Japanese gravure idol
- Sayaka Aoki (comedian) (born 1973), Japanese comedian
- Sayaka Aoki (voice actress) (born 1972), Japanese voice actress
- Sayaka Araki (born 1984), Japanese fashion model and hostess
- Sayaka Hirota (born 1994), Japanese badminton player
- Sayaka Hobara (born 1998), Japanese badminton player
- Sayaka Ichii (born 1983), member of Morning Musume
- Sayaka Ishii (born 2005), Japanese tennis player
- , Japanese gravure idol, television personality, actress and writer
- Sayaka Kamiya (born 1982), Japanese actress and model
- Sayaka Kamiyama, Japanese singer, member of Thyme
- Sayaka Kanda (1986--2021), singer
- Sayaka Karasugi, Japanese-Canadian dancer
- Sayaka Kinoshita, Japanese voice actress
- Sayaka Kitahara (born 1993), Japanese voice actress
- Sayaka Kobayashi (born 1970), Japanese film and voice actress
- Sayaka Matsumoto (born 1982), American judoka
- , Japanese diver
- Sayaka Minami (born 1983), Japanese singer
- Sayaka Murata (born 1979), Japanese writer
- Sayaka Ohara (born 1975), Japanese voice actress
- , Japanese musician
- Sayaka Senbongi (千本木 彩花, born 1995), Japanese voice actress
- Sayaka Shoji (born 1983), Japanese violinist
- Sayaka Takahashi (born 1992), Japanese badminton player
- , Japanese actress
- Sayaka Yamamoto (born 1993), Japanese singer
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- Kim Chung-seon (1571--1642), born name Sayaka (沙也可) and often known by his pen name Mohadang, was a Japanese general who defected to Korea during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592--1598)
| 277 |
Sayaka
| 0 |
10,035,536 |
# Double Up (R. Kelly album)
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 223, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{album chart|Wallonia|74|artist=R
| 19 |
Double Up (R. Kelly album)
| 0 |
10,035,548 |
# Samuel S. Lewis
**Samuel S. Lewis** (February 17, 1874 -- January 15, 1959) was the 17th lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania from 1939 to 1943.
Lewis was born in York, Pennsylvania. He was elected Pennsylvania Auditor General in 1921 and then served as Pennsylvania Treasurer from 1925 through 1929. During the 1931-1935 administration of Gifford Pinchot, he was the Secretary of Highways and spearheaded the governor\'s ambitious rural transportation initiative. From 1951 through 1953, he was Governor John S. Fine\'s Secretary of Forests & Water. `{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140830095640/http://stateparks.us-parks.com/pa/samuel-s-lewis-state-park/samuel-s-lewis-state-park.html]}}`{=mediawiki}. There is a state park near York named after the former lieutenant governor
| 99 |
Samuel S. Lewis
| 0 |
10,035,552 |
# Bezmer Air Base
**Bezmer Air Base** `{{airport codes|JAM|LBIA}}`{=mediawiki} is an air base for the Bulgarian Air Force. The base is situated in the eastern part of the Upper Thracian Lowland, in Yambol Oblast (Region), 10 km west of the city of Yambol and 30 km southeast of the city of Sliven, between the villages of Bezmer and Bolyarsko, and near the Sofia-Burgas railway. The base takes its name from the nearby village, which is named after Khan Bezmer of Bulgaria (7th Century AD).
## History
### World War I {#world_war_i}
The strategic location and particularly favorable weather conditions of the area was appreciated already during World War I, when the Imperial German Air Service built in Yambol a base for zeppelins used for reconnaissance and bombing missions to Romania, Russia, Sudan and Malta.
### Post World War II {#post_world_war_ii}
In 1955 the Bezmer Air Base hosted the 22 Fighter Air Regiment, later transformed into 22 Fighter-Bomber Air Regiment, and eventually into 22 Attack Air Base of the Bulgarian Air Force, serving as a base for Su-25 ground attack aircraft, as well as Su-22М-4 and Su-22UM-3K reconnaissance planes.
### Modern times {#modern_times}
The Bezmer Air Base is situated in the eastern part of the Upper Thracian Lowland, in Yambol Oblast (Region), 20 km west of the city of Yambol and 30 km southeast of the city of Sliven, between the villages of Bezmer and Bolyarsko, and near the Sofia-Burgas railway. The base takes its name from the nearby village, which is named after Khan Bezmer of Bulgaria (7th Century AD).
The strategic location and particularly favorable weather conditions of the area was appreciated already during World War I, when the Imperial German Air Service built in Yambol a base for zeppelins used for reconnaissance and bombing missions to Romania, Russia, Sudan and Malta.
In 1955 the Bezmer Air Base hosted the 22 Fighter Air Regiment, later transformed into 22 Fighter-Bomber Air Regiment, and eventually into 22 Attack Air Base of the Bulgarian Air Force, serving as a base for Su-25 Frogfoot ground attack aircraft, as well as Su-22М-4 and Su-22UM-3K reconnaissance planes. Aircraft and personnel from Bezmer have recently been participating in a number of joint military exercises including the PfP 'Cooperative Key' in Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and France, 'Immediate Response 2005' and the Bulgarian-American-Romanian 'Immediate Response 2006'.
## Current use {#current_use}
Aircraft and personnel from Bezmer have recently been participating in a number of joint military exercises including the PfP \"Cooperative Key\" in Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and France, 'Immediate Response 2005' and the Bulgarian-American-Romanian \"Immediate Response 2006\".
The base has a modern communication, information and navigation system. A second phase of modernization and infrastructure development is underway, including a runway extension, which would expand the range of aircraft the base can support.
The Bezmer Air Base is among the joint US-Bulgarian military bases established according to the 2006 Defense Cooperation Agreement between the United States and Bulgaria. Some experts rank Bezmer among the six most important American military bases outside mainland USA.
United States Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin visited the base on March 18, 2022.
## Images
Image:Bezmer-Guide-cover.jpg <File:BAF> Su-25 and US C-130.jpg <File:Bulgarian> Air Force Sukhoi Su-25UBK Lofting.jpg <File:Bulgarian> Air Force Sukhoi Su-25K Lofting.jpg <File:Bulgarian> Air Force 22 Air Force Base Bezmer Second Squadron Emblem
| 548 |
Bezmer Air Base
| 0 |
10,035,554 |
# Gertrude of Sulzbach
**Gertrude of Sulzbach** (*Gertrud*; c. 1110 -- 14 April 1146) was German queen from 1138 until her death as the second wife of the Hohenstaufen king Conrad III.
## Life
She was the daughter of the Bavarian count Berengar II of Sulzbach (c.1080--1125) and Adelheid of Wolfratshausen (d. 1126).
The identity of Gertrude\'s mother is mentioned in the *Kastler Reimchronik*, Vers 525. Adelheid of Wolfratshausen is mentioned in various other documents of the 12th century as \"Countess of Sulzbach\", without mentioning her husband. *De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses* contains a rather confused genealogy concerning her two most prominent daughters. Otto II, Count of Wolfratshausen, father of Adelheid, is given as father to Richenza of Northeim, \"Empress\" and \"Maria, Empress of the Greeks\". Richenza was actually the wife of Lothair II. The author of the text had apparently confused her with Gertrude von Sulzbach. Maria is probably a confusion for \"Irene\", the baptismal name of Gertrude\'s sister Bertha of Sulzbach, wife of the Roman Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. Both were granddaughters of Otto and children of Count Berengar and Adelheid.
At the time of Gertrude\'s birth, in 1111, Count Berengar II was among the nobles attending the coronation of the last Salian emperor Henry V. He is mentioned among the sureties of documents related to the coronation. In 1120, Berengar is recorded granting a donation to the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg. He is mentioned as co-founder of Kastl Abbey about 1103 and as the founder of the Berchtesgaden monastery on behalf of his late mother in 1101--02, as well as of Baumburg Abbey about 1107--09. On 23 December 1122, he was one of the German nobles who signed the Concordat of Worms between Emperor Henry V and Pope Callixtus II. In August 1125, Berengar is mentioned in documents of Henry\'s successor King Lothair II of Germany; his death is documented four months later.
### Queen consort of Germany {#queen_consort_of_germany}
Gertrude married Conrad of Hohenstaufen, son of late Duke Frederick of Swabia, in 1136. While Conrad\'s elder brother Frederick II had succeeded their father as Duke of Swabia, he himself was elected German anti-king in 1127, but had to witness the coronation of his rival Lothair II as Holy Roman Emperor in 1133. Conrad finally submitted in 1135; the next year he joined the emperor on his Italian campaign and married Gertrude. The matrimonial alliance between the House of Hohenstaufen and the Counts of Sulzbach led to close relations between the two families; when in Gertrude\'s brother Count Gebhard III died, the line became extinct, leaving the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick I Barbarossa (Gertrude\'s nephew by marriage) as his sole heir.
After Emperor Lothair II died in 1137, Gertrude\'s husband Conrad finally was elected King of the Romans on 7 March 1138, though he had to ward off the claims raised by the rivalling Welf duke Henry X of Bavaria and his sons Henry the Lion and Welf VI. To secure the Hohenstaufen rule, Conrad had the princes elect his son Henry Berengar, then ten years old, as co-King of Germany at an Imperial diet held in Regensburg on 13 March 1147. Overall King Conrad relied in a great extent to the relatives of his wife Gertrude for support.
Gertrude died in 1146 at Hersfeld Abbey, as she became ill after the birth of her second son Frederick. She was 36 years old, and was buried in the church of the former Cistercian monastery of Ebrach, right next to her younger son.
## Issue
Gertrude had two children:
- Henry Berengar (1136 or 1137 -- 1150), who in March 1147 was proclaimed co-king by his father, being crowned on 30 March 1147 in Aachen
- Frederick of Rothenburg (1145--1167), Duke of Swabia from 1152, married 1166 Gertrude of Bavaria (d. 1196), daughter of Henry the Lion, Duke of Bavaria and Saxony
| 640 |
Gertrude of Sulzbach
| 0 |
10,035,575 |
# Project POOCH
**Project POOCH** (POOCH is an acronym for \"Positive Opportunities, Obvious Change with Hounds\") is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that aims to rehabilitate incarcerated youths by actively training difficult-to-adopt dogs. In 1993, the program was started by Joan Dalton at MacLaren Youth Correctional Facility in Woodburn, Oregon, United States. The program\'s success has garnered it international attention, with similar programs established in South Korea and Scotland, as well as Japanese television shows and documentaries about the program. The project has also been featured on *Animal Planet*.
Dogs from local animal shelters are taken in by Project POOCH and paired with young offenders, most of whom have been convicted of serious crimes such as murder and sexual assault. The dogs often have behavioral problems, including excessive barking or aggression.
For her doctoral dissertation, Sandra Merriam-Aduini studied the effects of Project POOCH had on violent, incarcerated male juveniles inmates, studying effects on recidivism, reformation, and behavioral changes linked to human-animal interactions emphasizing responsibility, patience, and compassion.
Between 1993 and 1999, Merriam-Aduini found zero recidivism of POOCH participants and that the program achieved educational expectations and judicial orders with success rates, including marked behavior improvements in \"respect for authority, social interaction and leadership\", as well as \"growth in areas of honesty, empathy, nurturing, social growth, understanding, confidence level, and pride of accomplishment\".
\"Rehabilitated\" dogs are subsequently adopted by new homes following behavioral tests
| 232 |
Project POOCH
| 0 |
10,035,580 |
# Midwest Democratic Front
The **Midwest Democratic Front** was a small political party from Nigeria\'s Midwest region; encompassing present day Edo and Delta states. The party was one of the various small parties that forged alliances with the dominant parties in Nigeria\'s first republic, such as the Action Group, the Northern People\'s Congress, NEPU and the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons
| 63 |
Midwest Democratic Front
| 0 |
10,035,594 |
# Cape Evans
**Cape Evans** (77 38 S 166 24 E source:GNIS name=Cape Evans) is a rocky cape on the west side of Ross Island, Antarctica, forming the north side of the entrance to Erebus Bay.
## History
The cape was discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition, 1901--04, under Robert Falcon Scott, who named it the \"Skuary\" after the birds. Scott\'s second expedition, the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910--13, built its headquarters here, renaming the cape for Lieutenant Edward Evans, Royal Navy, second in command of the expedition. Scott\'s headquarters building still exists and is known as Scott\'s Hut.
## Historic sites and monuments {#historic_sites_and_monuments}
Scott\'s Hut has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 16), following a proposal by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.
A cross on Windvane Hill, Cape Evans, was erected by the Ross Sea Party, led by Captain Aeneas Mackintosh, of Sir Ernest Shackleton\'s Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914--1917, in memory of three members of the party who died in the vicinity in 1916: Arnold Spencer-Smith, Aeneas Mackintosh and Victor Hayward. The cross has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 17), following a proposal by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.
The whole site is protected as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No.155 largely because of its historic significance as one of the principal sites of early human activity in Antarctica.
## Lakes
### Skua Lake {#skua_lake}
. A small lake close northwest of Island Lake at Cape Evans. Named by the British Antarctic Expedition (1910--13) because of the nearby skua rookery.
### Algal Lake {#algal_lake}
. A small, roughly circular meltwater lake about midway between Skua Lake and Island Lake. Named by USARP biologists David T. Mason, Charles R. Goldman and Brian J.B. Wood, Jr., who studied the lake in the 1961--62 and 1962-63 seasons. The name derives from the striking mat of blue-green algal remains around the leeward edge of the lake.
### Island Lake {#island_lake}
. A lake lying southeast of Skua Lake at Cape Evans. It appears that the descriptive name was given by members of the British Antarctic Expedition (1910--13), who built their winter quarters hut at Cape Evans.
| 374 |
Cape Evans
| 0 |
10,035,594 |
# Cape Evans
## Other features {#other_features}
Features around Cape Evans include North Bay, South Bay, Cape Evans Hut, Tryggve Point, Turks Head Bay, Turks Head, Inaccessible Island, Tent Island, Dellbridge Island, Little Razorback Island and Big Razorback Island.
### North Bay {#north_bay}
. A small bay on the north side of Cape Evans. Named by members of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13.
### Windvane Hill {#windvane_hill}
77 38 S 166 24 E. Small hill just northeast of the extremity of Cape Evans. So named by the British Antarctic Expedition (1910--13) because an anemometer station was established on this site.
### South Bay {#south_bay}
. A small bay on the south side of Cape Evans. Named by members of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13.
### The Ramp {#the_ramp}
. A steep rocky slope 0.5 nmi inland from Cape Evans. The slope is 0.5 nmi long and rises to 50 m. Descriptively named by the British Antarctic Expedition (BrAE), 1910-13.
### Pakaru Icefalls {#pakaru_icefalls}
. Icefalls between Cape Evans and Turks Head on the southwest shore of Ross Island. The feature comprises a very irregular and broken glacial area to the north of Turks Head Ridge with ice descending to Erebus Bay. Descriptively named, Pakaru being a Maori word meaning \"broken.\"
### Tryggve Point {#tryggve_point}
. A point 1 nmi northwest of Turks Head. First charted by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910--13, under Scott, who named it for Tryggve Gran, Norwegian ski expert with the expedition.
### Turks Head {#turks_head}
. A precipitous black headland over 200 m high, 5 nmi east-southeast of Cape Evans. Discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901--04) and so named because of its resemblance to a head swathed in a turban
| 286 |
Cape Evans
| 1 |
10,035,595 |
# Marvin Cabrera
**Marvin Gabriel Cabrera Ibarra** (born 1 May 1980) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a right-back. He is the current head coach for the Guatemala under-17 national team
| 34 |
Marvin Cabrera
| 0 |
10,035,615 |
# Soledad, Atlántico
**Soledad** (`{{IPA|es|soleˈðað}}`{=mediawiki}) is a municipality in the Colombian department of Atlántico, part of the Metropolitan area of Barranquilla. It is 6th in population in Colombia and 3rd in the Caribbean region, after Barranquilla and Cartagena. It is also the city with the highest population growth in Colombia and in 2005 was 455,734 and 2019 683,486. On October 29, 2023, Alcira Sandoval Ibañez was elected by popular vote as the new mayor of Soledad.
## Borders
Bordered on the north by the special district of Barranquilla, where the boundary is the Arroyo Don Juan, on the south by Malambo, on the east with the Department of Magdalena, separated by the Magdalena River, and on the west by Galapa.
## Geography
Physical Description: The location of the municipality of Soledad in relation to geographical coordinates is as follows: 10°55\'N and 74°46\'W
| 142 |
Soledad, Atlántico
| 0 |
10,035,629 |
# Heald Island
**Heald Island** (78 15 S 163 49 E source:GNIS display=inline,title) is an island, 3 mi long and 555 m high, which projects through the ice of Koettlitz Glacier just east of Walcott Bay, in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was discovered and named by the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901--04) for Seaman William L. Heald, a member of the expedition who saved the life of Hartley T. Ferrar when the latter was suffering from scurvy in 1902. In 2012 a cape on Heald Island was named Tuttell Point. The point is on the central part of the southern shore of Heald Island jutting into Koettlitz Glacier, 7.3 miles northwest of Gandalf Ridge, and approximately 10 miles west of Discovery Glacier. The feature is named by US-ACAN BGN for Lieutenant Commander Robert Joseph Tuttell, a Naval Aviator in Antarctic Development Squadron Six (VXE-6)
| 144 |
Heald Island
| 0 |
10,035,656 |
# McKelvey Valley
**McKelvey Valley** (77 26 S 161 24 E source:GNIS name=McKelvey Valley) is a valley between the western part of the Olympus Range and the Insel Range, in Victoria Land, Antarctica.
## Exploration and naming {#exploration_and_naming}
The McKelvey Valley was named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE) (1958--59) for B.C. McKelvey, a geologist of the Victoria University of Wellington, who, with P.N. Webb, undertook the first geological exploration of this area (1957--58), and was again in Wright Valley with the VUWAE in 1958--59.
## Location
The McKelvey Valley is one of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. It runs from the Balham Valley to the west to the Victoria Valley and Lake Vida to the east. The Olympus Range forms the south side of the valley, with several smaller valleys running north from that range into the McKelvey Valley. Bull Pass runs from the east of the valley through the Olympus Range, between Mount Jason and Mount Orestes to Wright Valley. The Insel Range forms its north side.
## Features
Features of the McKelvey Valley, from west to east, include:
### Priscu Valley {#priscu_valley}
. An upland ice-free valley on the east side of Prentice Plateau in the Olympus Range. The valley opens north to the head of McKelvey Valley. Named by US-ACAN (2004) after John C. Priscu, Department of Biological Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT; United States Antarctic Project (United States ArmyP) investigator in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, 1984-2002.
### Wall Valley {#wall_valley}
-77.487451 160.85469. An upland valley next east of Priscu Valley in the Olympus Range. Minotaur Pass is at the head between Apollo Peak and Mount Electra. The valley opens north to McKelvey Valley. Named by US-ACAN (2004) after Diana Wall, Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; United States Antarctic Project (United States ArmyP) soils biologist in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, 13 field seasons, 1989-2002.
### Virginia Valley {#virginia_valley}
. An upland valley east of Wall valley in the Olympus Range, located between the north part of Mount Electra on the west, and Mount Circe and Mount Dido on the east. The valley opens north to McKelvey Valley. Named by US-ACAN (2004) after Ross A. Virginia, Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; United States Antarctic Project (United States ArmyP) soils biologist in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, 13 field seasons, 1989-2002.
### Kellogg Valley {#kellogg_valley}
. A 1,400 m high hanging valley, for the most part free of ice, between Mount Boreas and Mount Aeolus in Olympus Range. The valley opens north to McKelvey Valley, 500 m below. Named by US-ACAN (1997) after husband and wife glacial geologists Thomas B. Kellogg and Davida E. Kellogg, Department of Geological Sciences and Institute of Quaternary Studies, University of Maine, who in several seasons, 1976-90, collaborated in study of the glacial history of the McMurdo Sound region, including field work on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Ross Ice Shelf, in Ross Sea, and the McMurdo Dry Valleys, the location of this valley.
### Bratina Valley {#bratina_valley}
. An upland valley at the east side of Harris Ledge in the Olympus Range. The valley opens north to McKelvey Valley. Named by US-ACAN (2004) after Bonnie J. Bratina, Department of Microbiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; with United States Antarctic Project (United States ArmyP) for four seasons at Lake Vanda in the 1990s.
### Parish Riegel {#parish_riegel}
. A riegel, or rock bar extending north from Parish Ledge in the Olympus Range, across McKelvey Valley toward the Insel Range. The riegel is 2 nmi long, 1 nmi wide, and is similar to Bonney Riegel in Taylor Valley. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2004) in association with Parish Ledge (q.v.)
| 619 |
McKelvey Valley
| 0 |
10,035,666 |
# Rederi AB Svea
**Stockholms Rederi AB Svea** (originally **Sveabolaget**, later often referred to as **Rederi AB Svea** or simply **Svea**) was a Swedish shipping company founded in the 1870s. It operated a wide variety of ships carrying freight and passengers around the world, mostly concentrating on traffic in the Baltic and North Sea and was one of the largest Swedish shipping companies in its time. Rederi AB Svea was one of the founding members of Silja Line, and operated its ships under the names Skandinavisk Linjetrafik, Scandinavian Ferry Lines, Linjebuss and Trave Line. It also had a Finnish daughter company (*Oy Svea Ab*) and another daughter company based in the Netherlands. In 1981 Svea was merged into Johnson Line and ceased to operate as an independent company.
## History
Sveabolaget was founded in the 1870s, receiving its first ship in 1872. Most of early Svea ships were steamers used as freighters around the world, carrying whatever cargo they could find from any port to any other port. In addition to these Sveabolaget soon starter operating cargo and passengers around the coast of Sweden and in the Baltic Sea. In 1918 the company (which by this time had changed its name to Stockholms Rederi AB Svea) started collaboration with Finland Steamship Company and Steamship Company Bore on routes between Sweden and Finland. In the 1930s the company radically expanded its freight operations, the size of its fleet growing to approximately 100 vessels.
After World War II Rederi AB Svea began developing ferry traffic from southern Sweden to Denmark and Germany under the banners of Trave Line, Skandinavisk Linjetrafik and Linjebuss. At the same time the company also began operating large ocean freighters. Between 1946 and 1964, Svea was the majority owner of Waxholmsbolaget, the operator of passenger ferries in the Stockholm archipelago. The first modern car-ferries were delivered for Svea in the 1960s. In 1966 Rederi Ab Svea began a joint car/passenger ferry line from Sweden to the United Kingdom with Swedish Lloyd and Ellerman\'s Wilson Line, but withdrew from the joint service already in 1969, selling its sole ship in that service, `{{MS|Svea|1966|6}}`{=mediawiki}, to Swedish Lloyd.
Svea faced hard times in the 1970s and in 1975 50% of Svea shares were sold to Rederi AB Nordstjernan (the parent company of Johnson Line). From 1975 onwards Svea operations were heavily rationalised. In 1976 Trave Line was merged with the trains-ferry operations of Swedish State Railways to form Saga Line. In 1980 large mergers were made in the Linjebuss small-ferry operations, bringing Linjebuss together with lines operated by the Swedish State Railways and a Danish company under the name Scandinavian Ferry Lines. In the same year TT-Line started joint operations with Saga Line and TT-Saga Line was formed. In 1981, following financial difficulties, Rederi AB Svea sold its shares in TT-Saga Line and Scandinavian Ferry Lines, and in the end of the year the company itself was merged into Johnson Line. Further on Johnson Line merged with Effoa in 1990 to form EffJohn.
## Ships
- (1953--73)
- http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/stocksund_1959.htm Stocksund (1959)
- (1966--69)
- (1970--84)
- (1973-86)
- (1975--81)
- \(1981\)
## Gallery
<File:Kvarteret> Luna 1 (Skeppsbron 28) 1927.jpg\|Office building in Stockholm <File:Nynäshamns> hamn 1912.jpg\|View of Nynäshamn harbor in 1912 <File:Ragne> (1919) Fo162963DIA.jpg\|Passenger ship *Ragne*, built in 1919 <File:Ring> (1927) river Scheldt AS.1968.001.2627.jpg\|General cargo ship *Ring* <File:View> over Stockholm harbour in 1960 (6081773495)
| 562 |
Rederi AB Svea
| 0 |
10,035,677 |
# Miers Valley
**Miers Valley** (78 6 S 164 0 E source:GNIS name=Miers Valley) is a valley just south of Marshall Valley and west of Koettlitz Glacier, on the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The valley is ice-free except for Miers Glacier in its upper (western) part and Lake Miers near its center. It was mapped and named by Robert Falcon Scott\'s British Antarctic Expedition, 1910--13. The name is possibly after Edward J. Miers, a marine biologist from the British Museum (Natural History) who examined crustacea from the *Erebus* and *Terror* expeditions.
## Location
Miers Valley is in the Denton Hills. It is one of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. It is south of Marshall Valley and north of Hidden Valley, and opens onto the Koettlitz Glacier to the east. Catacomb Hill rises to the west of the Miers Glacier, at the head of the valley, on a ridge that separates it from the Blue Glacier to the west. Features include Catacomb Hill, Mount Lama, Miers Glacier, Adams Glacier, Holiday Peak, Lake Miers and Penance Pass.
## Features
### Catacomb Hill {#catacomb_hill}
. A prominent rock peak, 1,430 m high, on the ridge that borders the east side of the head of Blue Glacier. The New Zealand Blue Glacier Party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (CTAE; 1956--58) established a survey station on its summit in December 1957. They gave it this descriptive name from the spectacular cavernous weathering occurring in the granite of the peak.
### Catacomb Ridge {#catacomb_ridge}
. A north--south ridge 1280 m high to the south of Catacomb Hill. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (1994) in association with Catacomb Hill.
### Mount Lama {#mount_lama}
. A bare rock peak over 800 m high, culminating the ridge north of Miers Glacier and forming the south rampart of the valley named Shangri-la in Victoria Land. Named in association with Shangri-la by the New Zealand Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE), 1960--61.
### Miers Glacier {#miers_glacier}
78 05 S 163 40 E. A small glacier north of Terminus Mountain in Victoria Land, occupying the upper (western) portion of Miers Valley. Mapped and named by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910--13.
### Aorta Ridge {#aorta_ridge}
A ridge that separates upper Miers Glacier and Adams Glacier and extends eastward to Holiday Peak in Denton Hills, Scott Coast. Aorta Ridge was approved by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) in 1994. The name derives from association with \"The Heart,\" an informal name used in the 1960s for Holiday Peak.
### Terminus Mountain {#terminus_mountain}
. Mountain over 800 m high, standing immediately south of Adams Glacier on the east side of the Royal Society Range in Victoria Land. It was climbed on March 1, 1911 by Taylor and the Western Journey Party of the BrAE, 1910--13. So named by Taylor because it was the furthest point they ascended in this area.
### Adams Glacier {#adams_glacier}
78 07 S 163 38 E. A small glacier immediately south of Miers Glacier. The heads of these two glaciers are separated by a low ridge, and the east end of this ridge is almost completely surrounded by the snouts of the two glaciers, which nearly meet in the bottom of the valley, about 1 nmi above Lake Miers, into which they drain. Named by the New Zealand Northern Survey Party of the CTAE (1956--58) after Lieutenant (later Sir) Jameson B. Adams, second in command of the shore party of the BrAE (1907--09), who was one of the men to accompany Shackleton to within 97 nmi of the South Pole.
### Becker Point {#becker_point}
A point on Scott Coast at the foot of Miers Valley. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (1994) after Robert A. Becker, Vice President and Project Director (1982--90) of ITT Antarctic Services, corporate contractor to NSF in Antarctica.
### Holiday Peak {#holiday_peak}
. A peak over 800 m high high standing between the lower ends of Miers and Adams Glaciers. So named by the New Zealand VUWAE, 1960--61, because of its prominent position overlooking the expedition\'s Christmas camp.
### Lake Miers {#lake_miers}
78 06 S 163 51 E. A small lake in Miers Valley, lying 1 nmi east of the snouts of Miers and Adams Glaciers, and filled by meltwater from these glaciers. A stream from the lake flows down the valley in the warmest weather to reach the coast of Victoria Land. Named after Miers Glacier in 1957 by the New Zealand Blue Glacier Party of the CTAE, 1956--58.
### Penance Pass {#penance_pass}
. The lowest, and easternmost, pass from Shangri-la to the Miers Valley. Named by the New Zealand VUWAE, 1960--61.
| 773 |
Miers Valley
| 0 |
10,035,677 |
# Miers Valley
## Features
### The Altiplano {#the_altiplano}
A small elevated plain 550 m high between Findlay Ridge and Miers Valley. So named by a NZGS field party to the area, 1977--78, after the much larger intermontane plateau of the Andes Mountains.
### Findlay Ridge {#findlay_ridge}
A broad ridge which rises to 750 m high between Miers Valley and Hidden Valley. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (1994) after New Zealand geologist Robert H. Findlay, a member of the New Zealand geological Survey field party to this area, 1977--78
| 91 |
Miers Valley
| 1 |
10,035,684 |
# Saint Frances Cabrini School (Brooklyn)
**Saint Frances Cabrini Catholic Academy** was a small Catholic elementary and middle school in the neighborhood of Bushwick in Brooklyn, New York, for pre-K to eighth grade. It was associated with the National Catholic Educational Association (NCEA). The school closed June 2019 and merged with Saint Brigid Catholic Academy, also in Brooklyn, to become St. Brigid-St. Frances Cabrini Catholic Academy.
## History
The school opened in September 1922.
It was officially closed June 2019 by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn due to changes in the demographics of the neighborhood leading to a decline in enrollment, and deferred building maintenance. The school was merged with the nearby Saint Brigid Catholic Academy (438 Grove Street, Brooklyn, New York, 11237) to become St. Brigid-St. Frances Cabrini Catholic Academy. The 438 Grove St building was renovated and inaugurated a STEM lab in the fall of 2019.
## Students
The student body was around 90 percent Hispanic, and the remaining student body consisted of African American, Asian, or Caucasian students. The teacher to student ratio was approximately 1:27.
An after-school program was offered to help working parents
| 189 |
Saint Frances Cabrini School (Brooklyn)
| 0 |
10,035,687 |
# Convoy Range
**Convoy Range** (76 47 S 160 45 E name=Convoy Range) is a broad range in Antarctica. It is south of the Kirkwood Range and north of the Clare Range.
Much of the range has a nearly flat plateau-like summit. It extends south from the Fry Saddle and ends at Mackay Glacier. The range has steep cliffs on its east side, but it slopes gently into the Cambridge Glacier on the western side. It is a peneplain, with an early Paleozoic granitic basement covered in sedimentary and igneous rocks from the Permian--Triassic to the Jurassic.
## Exploration and naming {#exploration_and_naming}
The New Zealand Northern Survey Party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1956--58) worked in this area in 1957. The party named the range for the main convoy into McMurdo Sound in the 1956--57 season, with the names of the various vessels being used for features in the range.
## Location
The Convoy Range is east of the Antarctic Plateau. It extends north to the head of the Fry Glacier at Fry Saddle. The Kirkwood Range is to the northeast, across the Fry Glacier. The Evans Piedmont Glacier on the Ross Sea coast lies to the east of the range. The Mackay Glacier defines the southern limit of the range.
## Geology
The region covered by the Convoy Range and Franklin Island to the east has a granitic basement from the early Paleozoic, made up of large bodies of the Granite Harbour Igneous Complex formed in the late Cambrian or early Ordovician, containing small bodies of Wilson Terrane metamorphic rocks. The Wilson Terrane rocks are inferred to be from the Precambrian or Cambrian, deformed and metamorphosed in the Ross Orogeny of the early Paleozoic. The area was uplifted and eroded into a peneplain after the Ross Orogony, and was covered with sandstones of the Beacon Supergroup. These sandstones were intruded by Jurassic Ferrar dolerite, and mostly incorporated into the dolerite.
## Glaciers
The Odell Glacier is west of the range, running north past the Coombs Hills and Wyandot Ridge to join the Mawson Glacier. The Chattahoochee Glacier runs northeast from between Wyandot Ridge and Eastwind Ridge in the north of the range, and feeds the Fry Glacier via Fry Saddle. The Fry Glacier flows east along the northern boundary of the range. The Towle Glacier runs northeast between the Eastwind Ridge and Elkhorn Ridge to join the Fry Glacier. The Northwind Glacier flows northeast between Elkhorn Ridge and Flagship Mountain to join the Fry Glacier. The Benson Glacier flows northeast from the eastern end of the Alatna Valley, while the Gran Glacier flow south from the Alatna Valley to join the Mackay Glacier, which flows along the southern boundary of the range. The Cambridge Glacier, a tributary of the Mackay Glacier, forms the southeast boundary of the range, separating it from the Coombs Hills to the west.
## Other features {#other_features}
Major features include Staten Island Heights in the south of the range, with the Alatna Valley to its southeast, the Wyandot Ridge, Eastwind Ridge, Towle Valley, Elkhorn Ridge and Greenville Valley in the north, and Flagship Mountain in the east.
### Staten Island Heights {#staten_island_heights}
A predominantly flat, ice-covered upland between Greenville Valley and Alatna Valley in the Convoy Range.
### Alatna Valley {#alatna_valley}
. An ice-free valley lying 4 nmi north of Mount Gran and trending east-northeast for about 10 nmi along the southeast side of the Convoy Range.
### Eastwind Ridge {#eastwind_ridge}
. A broad, partially ice-covered ridge about 10 nmi long between Chattahoochee Glacier and Towle Glacier.
### Towle Valley {#towle_valley}
. The deep valley formerly occupied by the head of Towle Glacier, lying immediately west of Towle Glacier.
### Greenville Valley {#greenville_valley}
. The large mainly ice-free valley lying south of Elkhorn Ridge. A lobe of the Northwind Glacier flows a short distance west into the mouth of the valley. Near the head of the valley the south wall is breached by the entrance to Merrell Valley.
### Flagship Mountain {#flagship_mountain}
). A prominent, conical rock peak, 1,720 m high, surmounting the south part of the large rock mass between Northwind Glacier and Atka Glacier
| 691 |
Convoy Range
| 0 |
10,035,690 |
# Suán, Atlántico
**Suán** is a municipality and town in the Colombian department of Atlántico
| 15 |
Suán, Atlántico
| 0 |
10,035,693 |
# Novo Selo Range
The **Novo Selo Training Area** (*Военен Полигон Ново Село*) is a major Bulgarian military training facility established in 1962, presently used by other NATO nations as well. The range has a surface area of 144 km2, and is situated 45 km from Bezmer Air Base, and 70 km from the port of Burgas in Sliven Province, Bulgaria.
## History
The facility has its designated areas and sectors for tank shooting, and nuclear, biological, and chemical defense and reconnaissance training. The Novo Selo Training Area is highly appreciated by NATO experts and troops, and has become the favored site of annual joint US and Bulgarian troops exercises since 2004. It supports live-fire and maneuver exercises of Bradley, Abrams, and Stryker units.
The Novo Selo Training Area is among the joint US-Bulgarian military bases established according to the 2006 Defense Cooperation Agreement between the United States and Bulgaria. The US Army started in late 2008 a \$61.15 million investment in the development of new housing and other infrastructure for the American troops training at Novo Selo Training Area. The training area has a single helipad with five additional landing zones on or near the training area as well as a parking apron for up to five aircraft. Other infrastructure facilities include fuel points, barracks, an Aid Station as well as DFAC and MWR facilities.
Since 2016, the Army Support Activity-Black Sea (ASA-Black Sea) supported the American soldiers deployed at Novo Selo. In June 2024, ASA-Black Sea was transformed into the US Army Garrison Black Sea (USAG Black Sea) headquartered at the Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base in Romania and subordinated to the United States Army Installation Management Command.
As of 2024, around 100-150 soldiers work as staff at the training site, less than the maximum of 2,500 personnel allowed
| 300 |
Novo Selo Range
| 0 |
10,035,706 |
# Jaime Correa (architect)
**Jaime Correa** (born September 19, 1957, in Colombia) is an urban planner, architect, and professor at the University of Miami.
Correa is an authority in architecture, urban design, and sustainable development. He is the founding principal of Jaime Correa and Associates, the Miami-based design firm, and a former founding partner of several other New Urbanism firms in Florida.
He is one of the 14 architects and urban planners who instituted the New Urbanism movement in the United States and one of its representatives and critics in Latin America.
He held the Knight Professorship in Community Building at the University of Miami for seven consecutive years. Since 2021, he has served as director of the University of Miami\'s undergraduate program and was responsible for teaching and coordinating the Master in Urban Design and the graduate program in Suburb and Town Design at the School of Architecture, where he is currently an associate professor in Practice.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Correa holds a master\'s degree in City Planning with emphasis in Historic Preservation and a master\'s degree in Architecture with a certificate in Urban Design from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. He also received a certificate in Classical Architecture and Medieval Iconography from the University of Cambridge, in England with the sponsorship of The English Speaking Union of the United States. He received his bachelor\'s degree in architecture and urbanism from the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana in Medellín, Colombia in 1981.
## Career
### Publications
Correa is the author of \"Unbuilt Intentions: towards a new phenomenology of cities and architecture\" and \"Redacted Distillations: Le Corbusier\'s transformative erasures\". He was the editor of *The Correa Report*, a newsletter developing a new consciousness of traditional sustainability. He is the author of \"Seven Recipes for the New Urbanism.\" This book presents an irreverent view of seven magical recipes at the heart of the New Urbanism movement: memory, suburban dysfunction, intellectual precedents, region and ecology, urban form, building type and cultural representation. A number of admonitions and a thrilling professional agenda (cleverly disguised as metaphysical denials and affirmations) are followed by a portfolio of breathtaking projects, drawings and photographs. This is one of the freshest expressions of New Urbanism by one of its most zealous practitioners and scholars. He has also written a chapter in \"Reflections of Seaside\" a book edited by Dhiru Thadani and winner of the Gerd Albers Award in 2021. His chapter on Latin American for Routledge\'s \"Routledge Companion for Global Heritage Conservation\", edited by Vinayak Bharne and Trudi Sandmeir, is an enlightening essay on complexity theory applications to redevelopment.
In 2008, he published a small pamphlet titled: \"Self-Sufficient Urbanism: a vision of contraction for the non-distant future.\" Self-Sufficient Urbanism is the most comprehensive town design mitigation and adaptation plan available in the transitional market of today. It encourages the creation of sustainable urban villages and rural settlements where almost everything needed for daily living is found, produced, created, used, re-used and recycled at walking distance from an identifiable center and in closed economic loops. Self-sufficient Urbanism focuses on the \"re-localization\" of resources, and on the advocacy and development of technologies attempting to eliminate the existent fossil fuel dependency and reduce the current rate of carbon emissions. His introductory pamphlet reviews the social, economic and design implications of combining the existing predicament of global warming and Peak oil and offers a positive solution of contraction, simplicity and human dignity.
He has been a frequent collaborator of the Town Paper, New Towns, the SNU Report, The New Urbanism: Comprehensive Report and Best Practices Guide, PLACES, the New Urban News, the New Urbanism Council Reports, and other national publications. Correa is a member of the editorial board of \"Cuadernos de Arquitectura y Nuevo Urbanismo\", in Mexico. He was a research collaborator for \"The New Civic Art: elements of town planning\" and the author of the initial Sustainability Module for the SmartCode. In a *New Towns* article, Correa was characterized as a person who \"... approaches each day\'s task with the weight of the world on his shoulders then unburdens himself by sharing his discoveries with an engaging demeanor that seeks to make you both friend and follower.\"
### Awards
Correa has been widely recognized. He has been the recipient of the Faculty of the Year Award at the Master in Real Estate Development, the Wooddrow W. Wilkins Award for Outstanding Teaching, and the Excellence in Civic Engagement Award at the University of Miami. He is also the recipient of the Miami Training Mentorship Recognition Award from the Climate Reality Corps under the tutelage of Former Vice-president Al Gore. He received the bi-annual 2014 Charles A. Barrett Memorial Award has received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the South Florida Chapter of the American Institute of Architects for his work as an Urban Designer; he was named a \"Sustainability Icon\" by Climate Culture International; he received a Point of Light Award from the State of Florida for his reconstruction work with Team Punta Gorda in Punta Gorda, Florida.
His firm was selected to participate in the New Urbanism Gulf-Coast Reconstruction Charrette after Hurricane Katrina. He is one of the 16 architects and town planners published by Peter Katz in his seminal book: \"The New Urbanism: toward an architecture of community\"; he is also the recipient of numerous urban planning and architectural awards stretching four continents, including: a Chinese Government Award, the first place at the Marina de Cope competition in Spain, an Honorable Mention shared with Roberto Behar at the Williamsburg Competition; a Progressive Architecture citation for his redevelopment work in Riviera Beach with Mark Schimmenti and his former partners at Dover Kohl; a shared award with OBM International in the International Cities Competition in Dubai for his design leadership and contribution to the new town of The Wave in Oman; a citation to represent the United States in the Bienal de Arquitectura in Chile. Jaime Correa has lectured to students at the Bauhaus/Dessau, Harvard, Notre Dame, MIT, Tecnologico de Monterrey in Querétaro, Mexico, and in Argentina, Italy, Peru, Guatemala, and Colombia.
| 1,011 |
Jaime Correa (architect)
| 0 |
10,035,706 |
# Jaime Correa (architect)
## Career
### Architecture firm {#architecture_firm}
Correa\'s professional practice includes the design, research, and land use planning of several hundred Inner City Neighborhoods, New Towns, Districts, Corridors, Regions, Blocks, Streets, University Campuses, Informal Urban Areas (shanty towns), Public Spaces, Public Art, etc.
Jaime Correa and Associates, his professional firm in Miami, is a collaborative practice involved in urban design, town planning, sustainability, public civic art, and architectural design projects of many types and scales.
The firm celebrates the simplicity of American life, the beauty of rational and metaphysical systems of representation, the uniqueness of place, the engagement of history, the evolution of culture, the distinctiveness of world geographies, the beauty of nature, our own human experience, the potentialities of contemporary and appropriate technologies in both practical and academic arenas, alternative energy, the everyday, and the end of unbridled globalization. His latest professional work includes: a research series on urban evacuation and adaptation, colossal projects for the forthcoming climate disruption, public space interventions in the City of Lauderdale-by-the-Sea, the redevelopment of an Industrial District in Miami, eight mini-skyscrapers in Medellin, urban design advisory for Coral Gables, Florida, charrette collaborations in Coral Springs, Florida, and the North End of West Palm Beach, Florida, urban \"letterscapes\", various collaborations in Central and South America, including for the towns of Cayala and El Naranjo, in Guatemala and La Serena, in Chile, and the master planning and implementation of \"The Wave\", a new town with 50,000 residents in Muscat, Oman in collaboration with OBM International and partners around the world.
The firm is currently engaged in a new type of urban design practice focused on social innovations, bottom-up urbanism, the creation of real estate value through morphogenetic disruptions, generative codes, self-organization and its interconnection with structured and unstructured information. His projects explore: incremental master planning, super-graphics and the physical representation of information in urban areas, informal urbanism, morphogenesis, colossal refugee camps, tiny gap-housing, self-organizing redevelopment, public space design, big data mining, the Internet of Things, and sea-level-rise adaptation, and evacuation.
## Publications {#publications_1}
- Correa, Jaime (2009). Seven Recipes for the New Urbanism. Lulu Enterprises. `{{ISBN|978-0-557-03265-5}}`{=mediawiki}
- Correa, Jaime (2008). Self-Sufficient Urbanism: A vision of contraction for the non-distant future. Lulu Enterprises. `{{ISBN|978-0-557-01940-3}}`{=mediawiki}
- Correa, Jaime (2008). [\"The New Urbanism Ark: A New Environmental Module for the SmartCode\"](http://tndtownpaper.com/council/GreenReport.pdf) `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205003326/http://tndtownpaper.com/council/GreenReport.pdf |date=2008-12-05 }}`{=mediawiki}, Council Report VII: Green Architecture and Urbanism, pg 31.
- Correa, Jaime (2006) [\"Counterpoint: Transect Transgressions\"](http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1994&context=ced/places), Places: Vol. 18: No. 1.
- CNU Florida (2005). [A Guidebook to New Urbanism in Florida, 2005](https://web.archive.org/web/20080823064134/http://www.cnuflorida.org/projects/project_list.asp).
- Correa, Jaime (2004).[\"The New Pragmatists: GenXers And Their Quest For Authentic Urbanism\"](http://www.tndtownpaper.com/Volume6/new_pragmatists.htm), New Towns, Fall 2004
- Correa, Jaime (2004). [\"Cliches and Misdemeanors: The Architecture of the New Urbanism\"](http://www.tndtownpaper.com/Volume6/cliches_and_misdemeanors.htm), The Town Paper, VOL. 6, NO. 2, Summer 2004
- Correa, Jaime (2004). [\"Ethnic Enclaves in the Urbanism of America\"](http://www.tndtownpaper.com/Volume6/ethnic_enclaves.htm), The Town Paper, VOL. 6, NO. 1 Spring 2004
- Duany, Andrés, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Robert Alminana (2003). The New Civic Art: Elements of Town Planning. New York: Rizzoli International Publications. `{{ISBN|0-8478-2186-2}}`{=mediawiki}
- Correa, Jaime \"Karl Brunner in Chile\", The New City - La Nueva Ciudad, The Journal of the Graduate Program in Suburb and Town Design, School of Architecture, University of Miami: Volume 1 No. 1.
- Dutton, John (2002). THE NEW AMERICAN SUBURBANISM, New Urbanist theory and practice.
- Correa, Jaime (1998). [\"Santeria on the American City: the power of syncretism in architecture\"](https://www.acsa-arch.org/store/proceedings.aspx#annual) `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831234813/https://acsa-arch.org/store/proceedings.aspx#annual |date=2007-08-31 }}`{=mediawiki} 1997 ACSA Southeast Regional Conference Proceedings.
- Katz, Peter (1993). [THE NEW URBANISM: toward an architecture of community](https://www.amazon.com/New-Urbanism-Toward-Architecture-Community/dp/product-description/0070338892) McGraw Hill
| 590 |
Jaime Correa (architect)
| 1 |
10,035,729 |
# Welleran Poltarnees
**Welleran Poltarnees** is the pen name of **Harold Darling**, an author who is best known for having written numerous \"blessing books\" that employ turn of the 20th century artwork. This pen name is based on two of Lord Dunsany\'s most famous stories: *The Sword of Welleran* and *Poltarnees, Beholder of Ocean*
| 54 |
Welleran Poltarnees
| 0 |
10,035,742 |
# Barnstorf (Samtgemeinde)
**Barnstorf** is a *Samtgemeinde* (\"collective municipality\") in the district of Diepholz, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the village Barnstorf.
The *Samtgemeinde* Barnstorf consists of the following municipalities:
1. Barnstorf
2. Drebber
3. Drentwede
4
| 40 |
Barnstorf (Samtgemeinde)
| 0 |
10,035,748 |
# Pete Alvarado
**Peter J. Alvarado Jr.** (February 22, 1920 -- December 27, 2003) was an American animation and comic book artist. Alvarado\'s animation career spanned almost 60 years. He was also a prolific contributor to Western Publishing\'s line of comic books.
## Biography
### Animation
Alvarado was born in Raton, New Mexico, and grew up in Glendale, California. He attended the Chouinard Art Institute in the 1930; after graduation he was hired as an assistant animator by the Walt Disney Studio. He provided uncredited work on *Snow White and the Seven Dwarves*. Around 1939 Alvarado left Disney to find work in New York City, where he provided his earliest comic book art for Funnies Inc., which supplied artwork for Fawcett Publications and Timely Comics (now Marvel Comics).
Alvarado returned to California and Disney Studio in 1941. He left Disney in 1946 to work for Warner Bros. Animation. Alvarado became the background painter for Chuck Jones, and his first screen credit was on the 1947 Pepé Le Pew short, \"Scent-imental Over You.\" He held this position until 1951, working on several cartoons such as the first Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner cartoon, Fast and Furry-ous, and Chuck Jones\' Oscar-winning short For Scent-imental Reasons. His last work with Jones was \"Scentimental Romeo\" in 1951, another cartoon featuring Pepé Le Pew. Alvarado went on to replace Cornett Wood as chief layout artist for Robert McKimson\'s unit. He left Warner Bros. entirely and was replaced by Bob Givens in 1953.
Alvarado later joined DePatie-Freleng Enterprises after Warner Bros. closed their cartoon division. He worked on several Pink Panther shorts, as well as the short lived animated series *Super President.*
Around 1971 Alvarado joined Hanna-Barbera as a layout artist; he worked on such series as *The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show* (1971), *Wheelie and the Chopper Bunch* (1974), and many others. Alvarado also provided animation and layout work for Film Roman (*Garfield and Friends*).
Alvarado was the recipient of the 2001 Winsor McCay Award, for his lifetime of achievement in animation, as well as the Animation Guild\'s 1987 Golden Award.
### Comic books {#comic_books}
Concurrently with his animation work, Alvarado also worked as a prolific comic book illustrator. As noted above, he worked from 1939 to 1941 providing artwork for Funnies Inc. Alvarado returned to the comic book world in 1947, in collaboration with Charles McKimson (brother of animator Robert McKimson). McKimson was the art director at Western Publishing Company, and the two (in collaboration with Charles\' brother Thomas) drew the *Roy Rogers* strip under the pen name \"Al McKimson.\" Alvarado went on to draw the Gene Autry newspaper strip and comic book, the Mr. Magoo newspaper strip for its entire run, a long period of the Little Lulu newspaper strip, some work on the Flintstones and Yogi Bear newspaper strip, and fill-in work for almost all the Disney newspaper strips, including an extended period as the main artist on the *Donald Duck* strip.
The bulk of Alvarado\'s work at Western was for their anthropomorphic animal comic books. Alvarado provided artwork for almost every Disney (Chip \'n Dale, Scamp), Warner Bros. (Tweety & Sylvester, Road Runner), Hanna-Barbera (Yogi Bear) and Walter Lantz (Andy Panda) licensed title. He also illustrated comic book adaptations of the animated films *The Rescuers,* *Robin Hood*, and *Gay Purr-ee*.
Alvarado retired from animation in 1999. He died on December 27, 2003, in La Crescenta, California
| 565 |
Pete Alvarado
| 0 |
10,035,760 |
# Tubará
**Tubará** is a municipality and town in the Colombian department of Atlántico
| 14 |
Tubará
| 0 |
10,035,763 |
# Prince's Park, Burntwood
**Prince\'s Park** is located in the Staffordshire town of Burntwood and is featured in the Guinness Book of Records for being the smallest park in the United Kingdom.
It was created to commemorate the marriage of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, and Princess Alexandra of Denmark.
There are three trees within its grounds named Faith, Hope and Charity.
In May 2013, the park was the venue for the World\'s Shortest Fun Run
| 76 |
Prince's Park, Burntwood
| 0 |
10,035,784 |
# Leonid Uspensky
**Leonid Alexandrovich Uspensky** (*Леонид Александрович Успенский*, *Léonide Ouspensky*; 1902--1987) was a famous Russian icon painter and art historian.
He was born in 1902 on his father\'s estate in the village of Golaia Snova (now Golosnovka) in the north of the Voronezh region in Russia and died in 1987.
Ouspensky specialised in both the painting and study of icons. He studied and taught art in Paris.
One of his students was the Egyptian Coptic icon painter and scholar Isaac Fanous
| 82 |
Leonid Uspensky
| 0 |
10,035,799 |
# Zoo Art Fair
**Zoo Art Fair** was a London-based non-profit art fair held annually in October. The event got its name from its first venue, the London Zoo in Regent\'s Park, and it \"established a reputation for showcasing new and innovative contemporary British art\". According to Kit Hammonds, a lecturer at the Royal College of Art, in London, the event was \"doing something quite interesting\", but later \"lost its viability\" due to competition from the Frieze Art Fair. The last Zoo Art Fair was held in 2009.
## Background
The fifth Zoo Art Fair was held from 17 to 20 October 2008 at Royal Academy of Arts, 6 Burlington Gardens in central London. One of the foremost international platforms for emerging Contemporary art talent, the Fair showcases 58 under 6 year-old commercial and non-commercial arts organisations from across 15 countries. Exhibitors include galleries, project spaces, artist collectives, curatorial groups and publications. In addition special exhibitions include solo shows of last year\'s Champagne Perrier-Jouët Prize winner, Karla Black and John Jones Award winner, Elad Lassry, a site-specific group show of works in vinyl responding the architecture of the building, Los Vinilos as well as a programme of film and video and a series of performances.
Since 2004 Zoo Art Fair has identified and platformed emerging commercial and non-commercial art organisations including galleries, project spaces, artist collectives, curatorial groups and publications during London\'s Frieze Art Fair. Zoo Art Fair is a non-profit enterprise, sponsored by established galleries, collectors, arts businesses and public funders as well as commercial brands and businesses.
## History
**Zoo Art Fair 2008:**\
Exhibitors: 58 under 6 year old International exhibitors, including 23 from the UK and 35 from international organisations (Brazil, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USA and Turkey ) selected by an independent selection committee.\
Visitors: over 15,000 attending over five days.\
Sales: £1.5 million in sales
**Zoo Art Fair 2007:**\
Exhibitors: 61 under 6 year old exhibitors, including 35 from the UK and 26 from international organisations (Brazil, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, USA, the Netherlands, Tokyo) selected by an independent selection committee for the first time.\
Visitors: over 12,500 attending over five days.\
Sales: £2.8 million in sales
**Zoo Art Fair 2006:**\
Exhibitors: 46 exhibitors, including 31 from the UK and 15 from Mexico, Berlin and Los Angeles by invitation\
Visitors: over 11,500 attending over four days.\
Sales: £1.7 million in sales
**Zoo Art Fair 2005:**\
Exhibitors: 28 under 4 year old UK exhibitors by invitation\
Visitors: over 10,000 visitors\
Sales: over £1 million in sales
| 429 |
Zoo Art Fair
| 0 |
10,035,801 |
# Bobby Lowder
**Robert E. Lowder** (born ca. 1944 in Alabama) is a former American banking executive, and founder and former longtime CEO of the failed Colonial Bank and Colonial BancGroup, Colonial Bank\'s former parent company. He also served as a trustee at his alma mater Auburn University from 1983 to 2012.
## Education
Lowder is an Auburn University alumnus, graduating with a B.S. in Business Administration in 1964. While at Auburn he was a member of the Army ROTC and the Sigma Pi fraternity.
## Banking career {#banking_career}
Lowder was Chairman of the Board and CEO of Colonial BancGroup, positions he held for 25 years. In 2006, his total compensation was \$2.77 million and his five-year compensation total was \$11.23 million, making him one of the 50 most highly compensated banking executives in the United States at that time. He retired from Colonial Bank on May 28, 2009, but remained on the Board of Trustees at Auburn University.
Colonial BancGroup was reported to be under Federal investigation for possible criminal activities of its financial dealings in its mortgage subsidiary in August, 2009, and on August 14, 2009, Colonial Bank was shut down by banking regulators, with its deposits and branches purchased by BB&T.
## Auburn University Board of Trustees {#auburn_university_board_of_trustees}
Lowder began serving on the Auburn University Board of Trustees in 1983. In 2001, the Board of Trustees at Auburn summarily dismissed President William Muse, inspiring anger and votes of no confidence in Board members. The widespread belief on campus was that Lowder exerted tight private control over the Board, and thus over the ostensibly public university, using his clout to place some of his close friends in positions of power.
Lowder has long been regarded as one of the nation\'s most powerful college boosters and power-behind-the-scenes trustees at Auburn. In 2003, when then-University President William F. Walker and athletic director David Housel secretly spoke with University of Louisville football coach Bobby Petrino about taking over Auburn University football coach Tommy Tuberville\'s job, it was Lowder\'s private jet which they flew to Louisville.
In the Spring of 2011, Alabama Governor Robert J. Bentley was the decisive vote on the five member nominating committee, which chose to re-appoint Lowder for another twelve-year term on the Board. Some claims suggest the Governor voted in favor of Lowder due to his wife\'s donation of \$25,000 to the Bentley campaign on September 21, 2010. Following this vote, a former alumni association president, Andy Hornsby, filed a civil lawsuit in Lee County Circuit Court, claiming that the appointment violated the state\'s Open Meetings Act. Just a few days later, on May 16, 2011, Lowder contacted the Governor\'s Office asking his name be withdrawn from consideration for reappointment.
Lowder\'s tenure on the Auburn University Board of Trustees ended on April 10, 2012, when the Alabama state senate voted to replace five of the fourteen members. Lowder\'s successor on the board, M. Clark Sahlie, was elected to a seven-year term
| 494 |
Bobby Lowder
| 0 |
10,035,815 |
# Pennsylvania Route 995
**Pennsylvania Route 995** (**PA 995**) is a 19 mi north--south state route in south central Pennsylvania. The southern terminus of the route is at PA 75 in Claylick. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 30 (US 30) west of Chambersburg. The road carries the names Welsh Run Road, Lemar Road, and Warm Spring Road. PA 995 is a two-lane undivided road that runs southwest-northeast through farmland in southwestern Franklin County. The route crosses PA 416 in Welsh Run and forms a concurrency with PA 16 in Upton. PA 995 was designated in 1928 between Williamson and US 30 west of Chambersburg. The route was extended southwest to PA 75 in Claylick in 1937, with the road paved in the 1930s.
## Route description {#route_description}
PA 995 begins at an intersection with PA 75 in the community of Claylick in Montgomery Township, heading east-southeast on two-lane undivided Welsh Run Road. The road heads into open farmland, making a turn to the northeast and crossing PA 416 in the community of Welsh Run. The route crosses the West Branch Conococheague Creek and continues through more agricultural areas, coming to a junction with PA 16. At this point, PA 995 turns east to form a concurrency with PA 16 on Buchanan Trail, crossing into Peters Township. In the residential community of Upton, PA 995 splits from PA 16 by turning northwest onto Lemar Road, heading through more farmland. The route turns north onto Warm Springs Road and passes more agricultural surroundings before heading into wooded areas.
The road enters St. Thomas Township and passes through the residential community of Williamson before turning northeast into farmland with some woods and homes. PA 995 crosses the Back Creek and continues east through more rural areas, crossing into Hamilton Township. The road turns northeast as it passes through Cashtown and Housum. The route continues through agricultural areas with some homes as it continues north through Turkeyfoot. Farther north, PA 995 enters increasing areas of rural residential development in the community of Sunbeam. The route passes more residential areas with some farms, passing through Pleasant View before ending at US 30.
## History
When routes were legislated in Pennsylvania in 1911, what is now PA 995 was not given a number. PA 995 was designated in 1928 to run from Williamson northeast to US 30 west of Chambersburg along an unpaved road. The road between PA 16 in Upton and Williamson was an unnumbered, unpaved road by 1930. In 1937, PA 995 was extended southwest from Williamson to PA 75 in Claylick, following its current alignment. The entire length of the route was paved in the 1930s
| 445 |
Pennsylvania Route 995
| 0 |
10,035,818 |
# Hell and High Water (1954 film)
***Hell and High Water*** is a 1954 American Technicolor Cold War drama film from 20th Century Fox, directed by Samuel Fuller and starring Richard Widmark, Bella Darvi, and Victor Francen. The film was made to showcase CinemaScope in the confined sets of a submarine, and is not related to the 1933 film by the same name.
## Plot
Before the credits, an off-screen voice-over narrates: `{{blockquote|In the summer of 1953, it was announced that an atomic bomb of foreign origin had been exploded somewhere outside the United States. Shortly thereafter it was indicated that this atomic reaction, according to scientific reports, originated in a remote area in North Pacific waters, somewhere between the northern tip of the Japanese Islands and the Arctic Circle. This is the story of that explosion.}}`{=mediawiki}
Renowned French scientist Professor Montel (Victor Francen) goes missing; authorities believe that he and four other Western scientists have defected behind the Iron Curtain.
Former U.S. Navy `{{USS|Bowfin|SS-287}}`{=mediawiki} submarine commander Adam Jones (Richard Widmark) arrives in Tokyo after receiving a mysterious package containing \$5,000. Jones meets Professor Montel and a small group of international scientists, businessmen, and statesmen who suspect the Communist Chinese are building a secret atomic base on an island somewhere north of Japan. They must have proof, and so offer Jones \$45,000 if he will command a World War II-era Japanese submarine to follow a Communist Chinese freighter *Kiang Ching*, which has been making suspicious deliveries in that area. Jones reluctantly agrees, providing that the submarine is armed, and that he is allowed to hire some of his former navy shipmates. Montel travels with his assistant, Professor Denise Gerard (Bella Darvi)
News arrives that the *Kiang Ching* has sailed; despite Jones\' protests that the submarine\'s torpedo tubes have not been inspected and tested yet, and are therefore too dangerous to use, there is no choice but to leave port and pursue the freighter. On the voyage, they are detected by a Red Chinese submarine which fires torpedoes at them. Unable to fire back with his own untested torpedo tubes, Jones dives the boat to the sea bottom, hoping to hide; the Chinese follow. After several tense hours of waiting each other out, Jones finally decides to surface, ramming and sinking the enemy submarine.
Jones wants to turn back, but Montel points out that their contract specifies that he won\'t be paid unless Montel is satisfied. They follow the *Kiang Ching* to an island; Jones and Montel land to investigate, but find insignificant radioactivity. After a firefight with Red Chinese soldiers, the patrol returns to the submarine with a captive, a pilot named Ho-Sin, and discover the existence of another island which could be their target.
During a storm en route to the island, Montel is injured, and insists Jones take Denise in his place. Denise detects an extremely high level of radioactivity but is forced to shoot and kill a Chinese soldier who stumbles upon her. Back aboard the submarine, Jones is worried because he recognized a Tupolev Tu-4 (a copy of the American B-29 Superfortress) in U.S. markings sitting on an airstrip. Needing more information, they trick it out of Ho-Sin by sending ship\'s cook Chin Lee (Wong Artarne), dressed in a Chinese uniform, into the same room. Fooled, the captive reveals that the aircraft is going to drop an atomic bomb on either Korea or Manchuria the next day, with the blame placed on the United States. Unfortunately, Ho-Sin realizes Chin Lee is a spy and beats him to death before Jones can intervene.
Jones decides to go ashore and watch for the bomber\'s takeoff; at his signal, the submarine will surface and try to shoot it down. Montel, however, sneaks onto the island in his place. When Montel signals, the submarine surfaces and the crew opens fire with every weapon aboard. On fire, it crashes, detonating the atomic bomb and obliterating the island. In voice-over, Montel\'s previous line echoes as the mushroom cloud rises: \"Each man has his own reason for living and his own price for dying\".
## Cast
- Richard Widmark as Adam Jones
- Bella Darvi as Professor Denise Gerard
- Victor Francen as Professor Montel
- Cameron Mitchell as \"Ski\" Brodski
- Gene Evans as Chief Holter
- David Wayne as Tugboat Walker
- Stephen Bekassy as Neuman
- Richard Loo as Hakada Fujimori
- Henry Kulky as Gunner McCrossin
- Wong Artarne as Chin Lee
| 743 |
Hell and High Water (1954 film)
| 0 |
10,035,818 |
# Hell and High Water (1954 film)
## Production
Fuller agreed to direct the film after Darryl F. Zanuck agreed that he could rewrite the screenplay, provided that the original screenwriters, Jesse L. Lasky Jr. and Beirne Lay, approved Fuller\'s rewrite. Though he did not like the film, he accepted the assignment as a personal favor to Zanuck, who had defended Fuller against FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover\'s attack on the studio over Fuller\'s film *Pickup on South Street*. Fuller discussed the CinemaScope process with Jean Negulesco and carefully studied Negulesco\'s *How to Marry a Millionaire* in which he found the New York panoramas particularly impressive. Fuller used the widescreen effectively for the opening European locations and the exciting action climax, but also demonstrated how to use it to communicate the claustrophobia experienced on board the submarine.
Fuller spent several days aboard a U.S. Navy submarine, including fifteen hours submerged. The experience led Fuller to add film sequences where Francen gets his fingers caught in a hatch, using a submarine\'s red lighting to enhance a love scene, and having a battle between two submarines staged much like a hunter stalking his prey. When cinematographer Joseph MacDonald said there was no room on the sets for the red lighting, Fuller said that few in the audience would be familiar with the equipment inside a submarine and therefore had MacDonald place them in the audience\'s view.
The U.S. government, who provided the nuclear bomb explosion footage that opens the film, insisted that certain spectrum colors be eliminated from the sequence, lest it \"could reveal nuclear secrets\".
Filming started on June 26, 1953.
Alfred Newman\'s majestic musical theme was reused from the film *The Fighting Lady*. Stock footage from this film also appeared in Fox\'s *Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea* TV series.
This was the feature film debut of Darryl F. Zanuck\'s mistress Bella Darvi, whose stage surname was a combination of Zanuck\'s first name and that of his wife Virginia.
Charles Boyer was originally cast in the role as Professor Montel, which later went to actor Victor Francen.
Zanuck often screened the film in CinemaScope to directors who had reservations about working in the widescreen process to demonstrate why its use should not be limited to just epics.
## Reception
The film was a box office success in the United States and abroad, particularly West Germany. Later, when Fuller was filming a cameo in Steven Spielberg\'s *1941*, Spielberg showed him that he carried a print of *Hell and High Water* in the trunk of his car.
Initially, France banned the film on political grounds. It also banned Soviet political films. A number of European countries were sensitive to films with political themes and refused to grant them exhibition permits, avoiding the ire of the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
In his autobiography, Fuller called it his least favorite of his films, although he noted that it was not a \"stinker\" but merely one that he had not originated in terms of story
| 502 |
Hell and High Water (1954 film)
| 1 |
10,035,828 |
# Usiacurí
**Usiacurí** is a municipality and town in the Colombian department of Atlántico
| 14 |
Usiacurí
| 0 |
10,035,846 |
# Fort Senneville
**Fort Senneville** is one of the outlying forts of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, built by the Canadiens of New France near the Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue in 1671. The property was part of a fief ceded to Dugué de Boisbriant in 1672 by the Sulpicians. A large stone windmill, which doubled as a watch tower, was built on a hill by late 1686 and featuring machicolation and other castle-like features. The fort was burned down by Iroquois in 1691, with only the mill itself left standing.
Governor-General Frontenac ordered the construction of a second, more imposing fort in 1692. It was rebuilt in 1702--1703 to protect the nearby fur trading post. With extensive cannons and swiveling wall guns, it was the \"most substantial castle-like fort\" near Montreal. It was eventually destroyed in 1776 by Benedict Arnold, under American military control, but the ruins have been maintained since then. In 2003, it was classified as a historic site.
## Background
Thanks to the tireless work of French explorers, the colony of New France covered the largest area, but it was numerically inferior to the neighbouring New England. Consequently, a number of *Ingénieurs du Roi* (\"King\'s Engineers\") were appointed to make the colony the best fortified in North America:
Quebec served as the only fortified city in the Americas, centred on the Citadelle of Quebec. An unusual feature of Montreal\'s defence was a string of 30 outlying forts to protect against the constant Iroquois threat to the expansion of French settlements. The majority of these were simple stockades, but as artillery was not as developed as on the battlefields of Europe, some of these were built like the fortified manor houses of France. Roughly four of these were substantial stone forts which served as defensive residences, sometimes considered \"true castles\", as well as imposing structures to prevent Iroquois incursions. Initially, Fort Senneville was a French stockade fort, built in 1671 about half a mile above the Sainte-Anne rapids. The property was part of a fief ceded to Dugué de Boisbriant in 1672 by the Society of Saint-Sulpice, and subsequently relinquished in payment of a debt to two of the most significant figures in New France\'s history: Jacques Le Ber and Charles Le Moyne, who used the site as a fur-trading post.
In 1679, Jacques Le Ber, who had obtained the fief, renamed it to Senneville after Senneville-sur-Fécamp, his hometown in France. A large stone windmill was built on a hill by late 1686, doubling as a watch tower over the Ottawa River, the Lake of Two Mountains, and the mouth of the Des Prairies River. This windmill was like no other in New France (although a similar fortified windmill was later built in Quebec), with thick walls, square loopholes for muskets, with machicolation at the top for pouring lethally hot liquids and rocks onto attackers.
In October 1687, the nearby Fort Sainte-Anne and the Senneville mill were attacked by Iroquois, and although several settlers were killed, the attackers were repulsed. A second attack was more successful in 1691, and the fort was burned down. Only the mill itself was left standing.
## Second fort {#second_fort}
The attack had come shortly after the 1690 Battle of Quebec, and an enraged Governor-General Frontenac ordered the construction of a second, more imposing fort. The fort was rebuilt in 1692 with thick stone walls and corner tower bastions. With extensive cannons and swivel wall guns, it was the \"most substantial castle-like fort\" near Montreal.
It was never attacked again. The windmill was rebuilt in 1700, and was probably still in use until the 1780s. In 1703, Jacques Le Ber de Senneville constructed a large stone house and fort in order to improve and protect his fur trading operations, and the local seigneural manor house was built in 1706. However, after the fall of New France in 1763, it was not used by the British as a military post. In 1776, Fort Senneville was destroyed during the American Revolutionary War by Continental Army troops under Benedict Arnold, in military manoeuvres associated with the Battle of the Cedars.
In 1865, the property was purchased as a summer residence by John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, former prime minister of Canada and Mayor of Montreal. Sir Edward Seaborne Clouston purchased the domain from Abbott\'s estate in 1898.
## The site today {#the_site_today}
The site is on private property and therefore inaccessible. The 10 acre area is important part to Montreal\'s cultural and natural heritage for several reasons.
In November 2003, Quebec recognized its historical significance by classifying it a \"*Site historique*\". The Ministry of Culture and Communications has commissioned studies on the historical ownership of the fort, and funded archaeological research and repairs to consolidate the structure of the ruins, recognizing \"the exceptional historic and prehistoric archaeological potential of the ruin and its surroundings\".
The site\'s value today includes its ecological and environmental significance, and its shoreline, which is in a semi-natural state, is part of the habitat for the rare map turtle. It is situated between the Lake of Two Mountains and the Senneville Forest ecoterritory, as described in Montreal\'s Natural Spaces Policy. Therefore, it could be considered part of the wildlife corridor (*lien faunique*) between the lake and the forest
| 870 |
Fort Senneville
| 0 |
10,035,847 |
# Aytos Logistics Center
The **Aytos Logistics Center** comprises military storage facilities located near the town of Aytos, designated for development in support of the Novo Selo Range.
The Aytos Logistics Center is among the joint US-Bulgarian military bases established according to the 2006 Defense Cooperation Agreement between the United States and Bulgaria
| 53 |
Aytos Logistics Center
| 0 |
10,035,852 |
# Ruel Johnson
**Ruel Johnson** is a Guyanese author.
Johnson won the 2002 Guyana Prize for Literature for best first fiction manuscript for a collection of short stories entitled *Ariadne and Other Stories*, which he self-published the following year with assistance from COURTS and GuyEnterprise. Johnson, then 22, was the youngest person ever to win the prize.
He also won the 2012 Guyana Prize for Literature for submitting the best book of fiction.
In 2016 he participated in the International Writing Program\'s Fall Residency at the University of Iowa, in Iowa City, IA, and was the first Guyanese to participate in the programme. He is the Cultural Policy Advisor through the Ministry of Education, and since 2014 has been working to establish a national cultural policy.
A former President\'s College (Golden Grove, Demerara-Mahaica, Guyana, South America) student who hails from Tucville Terrace, Greater Georgetown, Johnson is the eldest of five and has one child.
Ruel Johnson was recently accused of physical abuse by an ex-girlfriend by the name of Akola Thompson. She alleged that he manipulated her and took advantage of her during times of vulnerability by being physical, emotionally and sexually abusive to her
| 195 |
Ruel Johnson
| 0 |
10,035,854 |
# MAPED F1
The **MAPED F1** is a claymore-shaped plastic-bodied directional anti-personnel mine which is designed to wound or kill by fragmentation. It has been the standard directional anti-personnel mine of the French army since the late 1970s.
The MAPED F1 body is flat on the back and convex on the front, it has a small aiming sight on the top left corner and plastic lugs in the bottom corners for attaching a pair of \"A\" frame support legs. The mine contains a plastic explosive charge to propel 500 steel ball fragments to a range of 50 meters in a 60° arc. The MAPED F1 is battery powered and is normally actuated by breakwire, but tripwire and command actuation are also possible.
The MAPED F1 is surface mounted and it can be located visually or with metal detectors under most field conditions. The MAPED F1 can be defeated by blast overpressure from explosive breaching systems like the Giant Viper and MICLIC unless it is set up for command actuation.
## Mine operation {#mine_operation}
The MAPED F1 uses a very complex electric firing system. It is basically actuated by a contact wire. The battery pack and firing cable are attached to an electric detonator which is inserted in the mine and a spool of contact wire is rolled out. Any contact with the wire after the MAPED F1 is armed will break the fibre, which collapses an electrical circuit and triggers the mine.
## Hazards
The MAPED F1 is surface mounted. On detonation the mine will normally propel lethal fragmentation to a range between 40 and 60 meters. The actual hazard range for these types of mines can be as high as 300 metres based on US Army tests of the M18A1 \"Claymore\" (this is directly in front of the mine; fragmentation range and density drop off to 125 meters to the sides and rear of these mines)
| 317 |
MAPED F1
| 0 |
10,035,893 |
# Tioga Cricket Club
The **Tioga Cricket Club** was a cricket club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The club played their home matches at the self-titled \"Tioga Cricket Club Ground\", based on Westmoreland Street in Tioga, Philadelphia. Their first recorded match was in 1887, and in 1890, they joined the Halifax Cup, a formal tournament between a number of cricket clubs in the Philadelphia region. The club was the initial home of Bart King, who was described in his *Wisden Cricketers\' Almanack* obituary as \"beyond question the greatest all-round cricketer produced by America.\" Along with the other teams in the area, Tioga contributed players to the Philadelphian cricket team, who played a number of first-class cricket matches against English opposition. The club disbanded following the 1896 season
| 127 |
Tioga Cricket Club
| 0 |
10,035,903 |
# B. B. Keet
**Barend Bartholomeus Keet** (1885--1974) was an Afrikaner theologian. He is best known for his rejection of the theological basis of separate development and apartheid policies. (Others in this category included Albert S. Geyser, Ben Marais, Ben Engelbrecht and C. F. Beyers Naudé.) He was one of the translators of the first official translation of the entire Bible into Afrikaans, in 1933.
Keet (rhymes with Fiat, not seat) was born on 20 June 1885 in the town of Alice in the Eastern Cape Province. He was the fifth of the seven children of the Reverend B.B. Keet (De Beer 1992:9,10) and his wife, Jacoba Petronella Keet (De Beer 1992:7). He attended school first in Humansdorp, were his father was a preacher (c. 1894) and later in Cape Town (De Beer 1992:10).
Although Keet was an Afrikaner, English influences \"were by no means outside his ken\". The congregation in Humansdorp had the option of attending an evening service in English twice a month and young Bennie, as he was known, was friends with the son of the local \"English preacher\", despite the looming threat of the Anglo-Boer War (Second Boer War). De Beer is of the opinion that Keet\'s friendship with English-speaking children, with their differing language, beliefs and habits, helped to develop his relatively liberal character (1992:14), (1992:15).
Keet attended the South African College School (SACS) in Cape Town during that war and then completed studies for the degree of Bachelor of Arts at the South African College, in the same city. In 1907 he entered a theological college, where he was involved in the management of the Afrikaans Language Union (De Beer 1992:10--21, 33). From January 1911 to 1913 Keet was enrolled at the Free University in Amsterdam, where he worked towards a doctorate under the guidance of Herman Bavinck (De Beer 1992:40--41)
| 307 |
B. B. Keet
| 0 |
10,035,905 |
# Integrated computational materials engineering
**Integrated Computational Materials Engineering** (ICME) is an approach to design products, the materials that comprise them, and their associated materials processing methods by linking materials models at multiple length scales. Key words are \"Integrated\", involving integrating models at multiple length scales, and \"Engineering\", signifying industrial utility. The focus is on the materials, i.e. understanding how processes produce material structures, how those structures give rise to material properties, and how to select materials for a given application. The key links are process-structures-properties-performance. The National Academies report describes the need for using multiscale materials modeling to capture the process-structures-properties-performance of a material.
## Standardization in ICME {#standardization_in_icme}
A fundamental requirement to meet the ambitious ICME objective of designing materials for specific products resp. components is an integrative and interdisciplinary computational description of the history of the component starting from the sound initial condition of a homogeneous, isotropic and stress free melt resp. gas phase and continuing via subsequent processing steps and eventually ending in the description of failure onset under operational load.
Integrated Computational Materials Engineering is an approach to design products, the materials that comprise them, and their associated materials processing methods by linking materials models at multiple length scales. ICME thus naturally requires the combination of a variety of models and software tools. It is thus a common objective to build up a scientific network of stakeholders concentrating on boosting ICME into industrial application by defining a common communication standard for ICME relevant tools.
## Standardization of information exchange {#standardization_of_information_exchange}
Efforts to generate a common language by standardizing and generalizing data formats for the exchange of simulation results represent a major mandatory step towards successful future applications of ICME. A future, structural framework for ICME comprising a variety of academic and/or commercial simulation tools operating on different scales and being modular interconnected by a common language in form of standardized data exchange will allow integrating different disciplines along the production chain, which by now have only scarcely interacted. This will substantially improve the understanding of individual processes by integrating the component history originating from preceding steps as the initial condition for the actual process. Eventually this will lead to optimized process and production scenarios and will allow effective tailoring of specific materials and component properties.
| 380 |
Integrated computational materials engineering
| 0 |
10,035,905 |
# Integrated computational materials engineering
## Standardization of information exchange {#standardization_of_information_exchange}
### The ICMEg project and its mission {#the_icmeg_project_and_its_mission}
The ICMEg project aims to build up a scientific network of stakeholders concentrating on boosting ICME into industrial application by defining a common communication standard for ICME relevant tools. Eventually this will allow stakeholders from electronic, atomistic, mesoscopic and continuum communities to benefit from sharing knowledge and best practice and thus to promote a deeper understanding between the different communities of materials scientists, IT engineers and industrial users.
ICMEg will create an international network of simulation providers and users. It will promote a deeper understanding between the different communities (academia and industry) each of them by now using very different tools/methods and data formats. The harmonization and standardization of information exchange along the life-cycle of a component and across the different scales (electronic, atomistic, mesoscopic, continuum) are the key activity of ICMEg.
The mission of ICMEg is
- to establish and to maintain a network of contacts to simulation software providers, governmental and international standardization authorities, ICME users, associations in the area of materials and processing, and academia
- to define and communicate an ICME language in form of an open and standardized communication protocol
- to stimulate knowledge sharing in the field of multiscale materials design
- to identify missing tools, models and functionalities and propose a roadmap for their development
- to discuss and to decide about future amendments to the initial standard
The activities of ICMEg include
- Organization of International Workshops on Software Solutions for Integrated Computational Materials Engineering
- Conducting market study and survey on available simulation software for ICME
- Create and maintain forum for knowledge sharing in ICME
The ICMEg project ended in October 2016. Its major outcomes are
- a Handbook of Software Solutions for ICME
- the identification of HDF5 as a suitable communication file standard for microstructure information exchange in ICME settings
- the specification of a metadata description for microstructures
- a network of stakeholders in the area of ICME
Most of the activities being launched in the ICMEg project are continued by the [European Materials Modelling Council](http://www.emmc.info) and in the [MarketPlace project](http://the-marketplace-project.eu)
| 363 |
Integrated computational materials engineering
| 1 |
10,035,905 |
# Integrated computational materials engineering
## Multiscale modeling in material processing {#multiscale_modeling_in_material_processing}
Multiscale modeling aims to evaluate material properties or behavior on one level using information or models from different levels and properties of elementary processes. Usually, the following levels, addressing a phenomenon over a specific window of length and time, are recognized:
- Structural scale: Finite element, finite volume and finite difference partial differential equation are solvers used to simulate structural responses such as solid mechanics and transport phenomena at large (meters) scales.
- process modeling/simulations: extrusion, rolling, sheet forming, stamping, casting, welding, etc.
- product modeling/simulations: performance, impact, fatigue, corrosion, etc.
- Macroscale: constitutive (rheology) equations are used at the continuum level in solid mechanics and transport phenomena at millimeter scales.
- Mesoscale: continuum level formulations are used with discrete quantities at multiple micrometer scales. \"Meso\" is an ambiguous term that means \"intermediate\" so it has been used as representing different intermediate scales. In this context, it can represent modeling from crystal plasticity for metals, Eshelby solutions for any materials, homogenization methods, and unit cell methods.
- Microscale: modeling techniques that represent the micrometer scale such as dislocation dynamics codes for metals and phase field models for multiphase materials. Phase field models of phase transitions and microstructure formation and evolution on nanometer to millimeter scales.
- Nanoscale: semi-empirical atomistic methods are used such as Lennard-Jones, Brenner potentials, embedded atom method (EAM) potentials, and modified embedded atom potentials (MEAM) in molecular dynamics (MD), molecular statics (MS), Monte Carlo (MC), and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) formulations.
- Electronic scale: Schroedinger equations are used in a computational framework as density functional theory (DFT) models of electron orbitals and bonding on angstrom to nanometer scales.
There are some software codes that operate on different length scales such as:
- CALPHAD computational thermodynamics for prediction of equilibrium phase diagrams and even non-equilibrium phases.
- *Phase field codes* for simulation of microstructure evolution
- Databases of processing parameters, microstructure features, and properties from which one can draw correlations at various length scales
- [GeoDict](https://www.geodict.com) - The Digital Material Laboratory by [Math2Market](https://www.math2market.de)
- [VPS-MICRO](http://vextec.com/demos/) is a multiscale probabilistic fracture mechanics software.
- [SwiftComp](http://analyswift.com/swiftcomp-vamuch-micromechanics-modeling-of-heterogeneous-materials/) is a multiscale constitutive modeling software based on mechanics of structure genome.
- [Digimat](https://www.e-xstream.com/) is a multiscale material modeling platform
A comprehensive compilation of software tools with relevance for ICME is documented in the Handbook of Software Solutions for ICME
| 398 |
Integrated computational materials engineering
| 2 |
10,035,905 |
# Integrated computational materials engineering
## Examples of Model integration {#examples_of_model_integration}
- Small scale models calculate material properties, or relationships between properties and parameters, e.g. yield strength vs. temperature, for use in continuum models
- CALPHAD computational thermodynamics software predicts free energy as a function of composition; a phase field model then uses this to predict structure formation and development, which one may then correlate with properties.
- An essential ingredient to model microstructure evolution by phase field models and other microstructre evolution codes are the initial and boundary conditions. While boundary conditions may be taken e.g. from the simulation of the actual process, the initial conditions (i.e. the initial microstructure entering into the actual process step) involve the entire integrated process history starting from the homogeneous, isotropic and stress free melt. Thus - for a successful ICME - an efficient exchange of information along the entire process chain and across all relevant length scales is mandatory. The models to be combined for this purpose comprise both academic and/or commercial modelling tools and simulation software packages. To streamline the information flow within this heterogeneous variety of modelling tools, the concept of a modular, standardized simulation platform has recently been proposed. A first realisation of this concept is the [*AixViPMaP®*](http://www.aixvipmap.de)- the Aachen Virtual Platform for Materials Processing.
- Process models calculate spatial distribution of structure features, e.g. fiber density and orientation in a composite material; small-scale models then calculate relationships between structure and properties, for use in a continuum models of overall part or system behavior
- Large scale models explicitly fully couple with small scale models, e.g. a fracture simulation might integrate a continuum solid mechanics model of macroscopic deformation with an FD model of atomic motions at the crack tip
- Suites of models (large-scale, small-scale, atomic-scale, process-structure, structure-properties, etc.) can be hierarchically integrated into a systems design framework to enable the computational design of entirely new materials. A commercial leader in the use of ICME in computational materials design is QuesTek Innovations LLC, a small business in Evanston, IL co-founded by [Prof. Greg Olson of Northwestern University](http://www.matsci.northwestern.edu/faculty/gbo.html). QuesTek\'s high-performance [*Ferrium®*](http://www.questek.com/iron-based-alloys.html) steels were designed and developed using ICME methodologies.
- The Mississippi State University Internal State Variable (ISV) plasticity-damage model (DMG) developed by a [team](http://www.cavs.msstate.edu) led by Prof. Mark F. Horstemeyer (Founder of [Predictive Design Technologies](http://www.predictivedesigntech.com)) has been used to optimize the design of a Cadillac control arm, the Corvette engine cradle, and a powder metal steel engine bearing cap.
- ESI Group through its [ProCast](http://www.esi-group.com/software-services/virtual-manufacturing/casting) and [SYSWeld](http://www.esi-group.com/software-services/virtual-manufacturing/welding-assembly) are commercial finite element solutions used in production environments by major manufacturers in aerospace, automotive and government organizations to simulate local material phase changes of metals prior to manufacturing. [PAMFORM](http://www.esi-group.com/software-services/virtual-manufacturing/composites) is utilized for tracking material changes during composite forming manufacturing simulation.
## Education
Katsuyo Thorton announced at the 2010 MS&T ICME Technical Committee meeting that NSF would be funding a \"[Summer School](http://www.umich.edu/~mctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2012/SS12/sponsors.html)\" on ICME at the University of Michigan starting in 2011. Northwestern began offering a [Masters of Science Certificate](http://www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/materials-science/documents/graduate/icme-brochure.pdf) in ICME in the fall of 2011. The first Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) course based upon Horstemeyer 2012 was delivered at Mississippi State University (MSU) in 2012 as a graduate course with distance learning students included \[cf., Sukhija et al., 2013\]. It was later taught in 2013 and 2014 at MSU also with distance learning students. In 2015, the [ICME Course](https://icme.hpc.msstate.edu/mediawiki/index.php/Mississippi_State_University) was taught by Dr. Mark Horstemeyer (MSU) and Dr. William (Bill) Shelton (Louisiana State University, LSU) with students from each institution via distance learning. The goal of the methodology embraced in this course was to provide students with the basic skills to take advantage of the computational tools and experimental data provided by EVOCD in conducting simulations and bridging procedures for quantifying the structure-property relationships of materials at multiple length scales. On successful completion of the assigned projects, students published their multiscale modeling learning outcomes on the [ICME Wiki](http://icme.hpc.msstate.edu/), facilitating easy assessment of student achievements and embracing qualities set by the ABET engineering accreditation board
| 666 |
Integrated computational materials engineering
| 3 |
10,035,910 |
# Tropical Storm Keith (1988)
**Tropical Storm Keith** struck the Continental United States later in the calendar year than any tropical cyclone since the 1925 Atlantic hurricane season. The nineteenth tropical depression and eleventh named storm of the 1988 Atlantic hurricane season, Keith developed out of a tropical wave in the Caribbean Sea on November 17. It tracked northwestward, and under generally favorable conditions, Keith reached a peak intensity of 70 mph shortly before striking the northeastern tip of the Yucatán Peninsula. It turned northeastward in the Gulf of Mexico, and made landfall near Sarasota, Florida, on November 23. Keith accelerated its forward motion under the influence of a cold front, and became extratropical near Bermuda on November 24. The extratropical remnant persisted for two more days.
Early in its duration, Keith produced moderate to heavy rainfall in Honduras, Jamaica, and Cuba. Minimal damage was reported in Mexico, which was still recovering from the effects of Hurricane Gilbert two months prior. Keith, the last of four named tropical cyclones to hit the United States during the season, produced moderate rainfall, rough storm surge, and gusty winds across central Florida. Overall damage was fairly minor but widespread, totaling \$7.3 million (1988 USD; \$`{{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|7300000|1988}}}}`{=mediawiki} {{#time:Y}} USD). Near the coast of Florida, damage occurred mainly from storm surge and beach erosion. Further inland there were floods, downed trees and power lines. No fatalities were reported.
## Meteorological history {#meteorological_history}
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on November 5. It tracked steadily west across the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Its forward motion slowed after it passed the Lesser Antilles on November 12. A large well-defined anticyclone persisted across much of the Caribbean Sea, providing a favorable environment for the system. A low-level circulation gradually became evident on satellite imagery within the disturbance. Based on ship observations, the National Hurricane Center estimated that the system organized into a tropical depression on November 17, about 280 mi south of the western tip of Haiti.
Initially, the depression was disorganized as it continued west; on November 18 the center became exposed from the area of deep convection. However, the upper-level environment gradually became more favorable for further development, and deep convection, or thunderstorm activity, developed closer to the center. An eastward-moving upper-level trough in the Gulf of Mexico turned the depression northwest. The next day, the depression intensified into a tropical storm while a short distance north of Honduras, receiving the name *Keith*. It quickly intensified, and on November 21 the storm reached its peak strength of 985 mbar with winds of 70 mph. The trough, which turned Keith northwestward, rapidly accelerated northeastward; as a result, the storm moved slowly northwest until making landfall on the northeast tip of the Yucatán Peninsula at 0800 UTC on November 21, at an intensity slightly below hurricane status.
After briefly moving over land, Keith turned north under the influence of a trailing frontal trough. The storm became disorganized while recurving northeast because of increased vertical wind shear and the presence of cool dry air from its north. On November 23, Keith made landfall near Sarasota, Florida, with winds of 65 mph, while most of its convection was well to the north of the center. Its landfall was the second latest on record for the Continental United States, only behind a hurricane in the 1925 season.`{{Atlantic hurricane best track}}`{=mediawiki} The storm quickly weakened as it crossed Florida, and within hours the winds dropped to 40 mph. Reaching the Atlantic Ocean eight hours after moving ashore, Keith began to gradually re-intensify, and under the influence of a very large upper-level low pressure area over Newfoundland, the storm accelerated northeast. On November 24, the storm again reached its peak intensity of 70 mph, shortly before becoming an extratropical cyclone near Bermuda. Keith restrengthened and deepened into a powerful extratropical cyclone, attaining hurricane-force winds and a minimum pressure of 945 mbar. The extratropical storm turned westward and was last observed on November 26 northeast of Newfoundland.
| 664 |
Tropical Storm Keith (1988)
| 0 |
10,035,910 |
# Tropical Storm Keith (1988)
## Preparations
On November 20, shortly before the tropical depression intensified into a tropical storm, the government of Honduras issued a tropical storm warning for the Swan Islands, along with a tropical storm watch for the northwestern Honduran coastline. The advisories were discontinued within 10 hours of Keith\'s passage through the region. The government of Belize briefly declared a tropical storm watch for the whole coastline of the country, but when it became clear that Keith posed little threat, the watch was canceled. About 16 hours before the storm made landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula, the government of Mexico issued a tropical storm watch for much of the coastline of Quintana Roo. Six hours later, a tropical storm warning replaced the watch, and it was extended west to Progreso, Yucatán; a hurricane watch was also posted. Cuban officials issued a bulletin on the night of November 20, advising that tropical storm conditions would spread over the west part of Cuba. A subsequent bulletin indicated the possibility for hurricane conditions, but as the storm continued further to the northwest, the threat diminished.
Two days before the storm struck Florida, emergency management workers began working to prepare for its onslaught. The next day, the water levels in five lakes in Hillsborough County were decreased as a precaution. Residents prepared sandbags to prevent flooding along coastal areas, while boat owners worked to secure their boats. Some tourists near the southwest Florida coast left for areas further inland, though many stayed despite the storm. Red Cross officials opened six emergency shelters. Additionally, police departments in Clearwater, Indian Shores, and Largo expanded their workforce to handle storm-related problems. The storm resulted in the closure of some private schools as well as the Hillsborough Community College. About 21 hours before Keith made its final landfall, the National Hurricane Center issued a tropical storm warning along the Florida west coast from Cape Sable to Cedar Key. The next day, a tropical storm warning was posted from Jupiter, Florida, north to Savannah, Georgia. A tropical storm warning was briefly issued for Bermuda, as well.
| 351 |
Tropical Storm Keith (1988)
| 1 |
10,035,910 |
# Tropical Storm Keith (1988)
## Impact
Keith dropped around 3 in of rainfall along the northern coast of Honduras, and totals of around 10 in were reported on offshore islands. As the storm was making landfall on Mexico, a ship just west of Cozumel reported wind gusts of 90 mph, while a second ship in Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, recorded sustained winds of 70 mph. Reports from Cozumel indicated torrential rainfall and a large number of lightning strikes during the period of highest winds. Rainfall peaked at 7.69 in just south of Cancún. Still recovering from the effects of Hurricane Gilbert two months prior, the Yucatán Peninsula received only minor damage as a result of Keith. The storm triggered flooding in western Cuba that severely damaged tobacco and vegetable crops. Officials forced 2,500 residents to evacuate their homes due to the flooding. The storm also dropped nearly 4 in of precipitation in Kingston, Jamaica.
Off the coast of Florida, a freighter and its crew of ten were stranded after the storm flooded its engine room. The cyclone produced a moderately strong storm surge in isolated locations along the southwest coast of Florida, peaking at 5.94 ft at Bradenton and Fort Myers Beach. The combination of storm surge and waves severely eroded beaches along Charlotte Harbor and Estero Bay. In Naples, strong waves destroyed the western end of the Naples Pier where several boats were washed ashore. Heavy precipitation fell to the north of the center, peaking at 10.27 in in Saint Leo. Sustained winds peaked at 63 mph at the MacDill Air Force Base, with stronger gusts. Inland from the immediate coastline, damage was mostly limited to isolated fresh-water flooding, downed trees, and power outages; overall damage was widespread but fairly light, and six structures were destroyed across the state. Before moving ashore, Keith spawned two tornadoes, one of which damaged approximately 30 mobile homes in Clermont. In Lakeland, a washed out track derailed a 34-car train, which broke a natural gas line and forced 450 people to evacuate. In Lee County, damage totaled \$1.5 million (1988 USD; \$`{{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|1500000|1988}}}}`{=mediawiki} {{#time:Y}} USD), and in Pinellas County the storm caused about \$5.8 million in damage (1988 USD; \$`{{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|5800000|1988}}}}`{=mediawiki} {{#time:Y}} USD).
A light storm surge of 1 to was reported along the northeast Florida coast into southeastern Georgia. The storm\'s outer rainbands dropped light rainfall of around 1 in across coastal Florida, northward to North Carolina. A station on Bermuda reported sustained winds of 47 mph, with gusts to 78 mph. Only light damage occurred on the island
| 426 |
Tropical Storm Keith (1988)
| 2 |
10,035,942 |
# Antonio Ortiz Mena
**Antonio Ortiz Mena** (16 April 1907 -- 12 March 2007) was a Mexican economist who served as President of the Inter-American Development Bank (1971--1988) and as Mexico\'s Secretary of Finance during the administrations of Adolfo López Mateos and Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (1958--1970).
According to Pedro Aspe --- who served as Secretary of Finance almost two decades later --- during Ortiz\'s tenure Mexico\'s per-capita income grew 3.4 percent annually for twelve years and economic growth averaged six percent a year; inflation often remained below three percent, and millions entered the middle class as the country began its transformation from a largely rural economy to an industrial one.
## Biography
Ortiz Mena was born in Parral, Chihuahua, and overtook his basic studies at the *Colegio Alemán*, *Colegio Franco-Inglés*, and at the National Preparatory School of the Mexican capital. He later entered the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM, 1925--1928) and graduated with a bachelor\'s degree in Law.
Both his parents were from old families of the northern states of Sonora and Chihuahua. Both families have had active members in Mexican political life, landownership, and mining exploitation and commerce from the time of the Spanish colony through the revolution that convulsed the country from 1910 to 1930.
From 1932 to 1936 he held minor posts at the now-defunct Department of the Federal District, and later on he gained some experience in banking while working as an assistant to the director of the National Urban Mortgage Bank (1936--1945) and as deputy director of the National Mortgage Bank (1946--1952). President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines appointed him director-general of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) serving from 1952 to 1958.
### Secretariat of Finance {#secretariat_of_finance}
From 1958 to 1970 he served as Secretary of Finance and Public Credit for a twelve-year period of sustained economic growth and development under presidents Adolfo López Mateos and Gustavo Díaz Ordaz. At least in two occasions, in 1963 and 1969, he was considered a strong contender to the presidency representing the then-hegemonic Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), and even former President Miguel Alemán was among his supporters. Nevertheless, in both episodes he lost the nomination.
### Inter-American Development Bank {#inter_american_development_bank}
He finally stepped down from the post in August 1970, just months before the inauguration of President Luis Echeverría. His resignation took many by surprise, but a few months later the governments of Mexico and the United States announced they were supporting his bid to become the next president of the Inter-American Development Bank, replacing Chilean Felipe Herrera, its founding chairman. Both Argentina and Venezuela nominated different candidates, but on 27 November 1970 Ortiz received the majority of votes, although the U.S. Secretary of Treasury, David M. Kennedy, reported to Richard Nixon that the election had been \"contentious\".
He remained as president of the IADB for seventeen years until his resignation in 1988 --- three years before the end of his last term --- amid suspicions that U.S. President Ronald Reagan was trying to intervene in its internal affairs since his Secretary of State, George P. Shultz, had tried to block a `{{nowrap|58 million [[USD]]}}`{=mediawiki} loan to Sandinista Nicaragua. According to Elisabeth Malkin of *The New York Times*, during his tenure lending increased tenfold and he concentrated most of its efforts on supporting Latin American infrastructure projects, heavy industries and first financing operations for microenterprise.
Back in Mexico he served as director of Banamex, one of the country\'s top commercial banks that had been recently nationalized. He died in Mexico City on 12 March 2007 at the age of 99, after spending two weeks in a hospital recovering from a fall
| 604 |
Antonio Ortiz Mena
| 0 |
10,035,944 |
# Stanley High School, Southport
**Stanley High School** is a coeducational secondary school located in the resort town of Southport, Merseyside in North West England. It opened in 1952, with 300 pupils, and was named after Edward Stanley, 18th Earl of Derby. The school became a designated specialist Sports College in 2003, but in 2012 was renamed Stanley High School to celebrate the school\'s 60th anniversary. In 2016 the school was judged Inadequate by Ofsted and therefore became an academy in 2017. The school\'s academy sponsor is Southport Learning Trust. The school was rated Good following an Ofsted inspection in February 2020
| 102 |
Stanley High School, Southport
| 0 |
10,035,958 |
# Needle (novel)
***Needle*** is a 1950 science fiction novel by American writer Hal Clement, originally published the previous year in *Astounding Science Fiction* magazine. The book was notable in that it broke new ground in the science fiction field by postulating an alien lifeform, not hostile, which could live within the human body. Also published as *From Outer Space*, the book would, in 1978, spark the sequel *Through the Eye of a Needle*.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
The Hunter, an alien lifeform (when not inside another being, resembling a four-pound green jellyfish) with the ability to live in symbiosis with and within another creature, is in hot pursuit of another of his kind. Both crash their ships into Earth, in the Pacific Ocean, and both survive the crashes.
The Hunter makes its way to shore (its erstwhile host having been killed in the crash) and takes up residence in the nearest human being it can find (as it turns out, fifteen-year-old Robert Kinnaird) without letting the human being know. By the time it has figured out enough of what goes on inside a human being to look through Bob\'s eyes, it is shocked to find itself within an air vessel, being carried further away from its quarry every second. As it happens, Bob is simply returning to a New England boarding school from his home on an industrial island in the Western Pacific.
Once Bob arrives at school, the Hunter sees no alternative to communicating with his host. After initial attempts produce panic in the boy, the Hunter eventually finds a way to convince Bob of his presence. Bob is very accepting of his guest, perhaps beyond what would be expected of a teenage boy who learns another entity is inside him, observing his every move. The two plot a way to return home. The puzzle distracts Bob from his studies, leading to a decline in grades that the school authorities ascribe to homesickness, and he is sent home for the remainder of the term.
Upon arrival, the two begin to seek out their quarry. Bob is injured by an accident. The Hunter is able to hold the wound together, but he can\'t stop Bob from limping, and Bob is sent to the island doctor. They see no alternative to confiding in the doctor (the Hunter is forced to show his own form to convince the man) and the doctor becomes an ally in their search. Which of the many humans on the island is the host to their quarry? It is worse than a needle in a haystack (thus the title) because a needle at least looks like a needle, not a piece of straw.
The Hunter is able to solve the riddle by observing the behavior of the island people. Bob\'s father, known for his attention to detail and safety, has been taking amazing risks. He is at least unconsciously aware that an accident will have no ill consequences. The quarry resides within him. The Hunter confirms this, and Bob and the alien have a new puzzle---how to get the alien out of Mr. Kinnaird\'s body without harming the man?
This time, Bob comes up with the solution. He places himself in the middle of a large number of (empty) oil cans, uses a little actual oil to start a small fire, making it look like there will be a huge explosion shortly, and calls his father for help. The fugitive alien, fearful of being killed in the explosion, knocks out his host and removes himself from Mr. Kinnaird\'s unconscious body. As soon as the alien is a few feet away from Bob\'s father, the boy grabs the one full oil can, races over to the alien, pours oil over it, and lights it on fire. He then brings his father to the doctor.
Bob wishes to know the Hunter\'s plans now that his job is done. The Hunter knows the chances of returning home are minuscule, and hopes to stay with Bob. Bob is happy for this to happen, at least for now, as there is a more immediate problem at hand: Mr. Kinnaird is fine, but they had better come up with a good story, or the Hunter will have to use the net he has laid under Bob\'s skin to assuage the pain of a spanking. The novel ends without revealing whether this gambit is successful.
## Reception
L. Sprague de Camp praised *Needle* for its \"very original\" idea and its \"well written\" story. Despite faulting the plotting as \"thin\" and having the antagonist act \"improbably stupid,\" he concluded the novel was \"a good sound entertaining yarn.\"
| 773 |
Needle (novel)
| 0 |
10,035,958 |
# Needle (novel)
## Reprint
The novel was reprinted in Volume 1 (*Trio for Slide Rule & Typewriter*) of NESFA\'s three-volume collection of Clement\'s works, *The Essential Hal Clement*. It was also reissued as an e-book through Gollancz\'s *SF Gateway*
| 40 |
Needle (novel)
| 1 |
10,035,988 |
# Ross Archipelago
**Ross Archipelago** (77 30 S 167 0 E) is a name for that group of islands which, together with the ice shelf between them, forms the eastern and southern boundaries of McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. The most northerly is Beaufort Island, then comes Ross Island, the Dellbridge Islands, and Black Island and White Island. Frank Debenham\'s classic report, *The Physiography of the Ross Archipelago*, 1923, described \"Brown Island\" (now Brown Peninsula) as a part of the group
| 80 |
Ross Archipelago
| 0 |
10,036,013 |
# Zoe Scofield
**Zoe Scofield** is a choreographer and dancer best known for her work with Juniper Shuey with whom she is co-director of zoe\|juniper, a Seattle-based dance and visual art company. Her work is characterized by multi-media, cross-genre works utilizing stage performance, video installation, photography and complex technical elements.
She received Guggenheim Fellowship in 2015
| 56 |
Zoe Scofield
| 0 |
10,036,015 |
# Sexau
**Sexau** (Low Alemannic: *Säxoi*) is a village in the district of Emmendingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
## Geography
Sexau is at the beginning of the valley \"Brettenbachtal\". It is located on the crossing from the region of the Black Forest (\"Schwarzwald\") to the plains of the river Rhein (\"Rheinebene\").
## Mayor
Michael Goby was elected mayor for the first time in 2001. He was reelected in March 2009
| 70 |
Sexau
| 0 |
10,036,017 |
# Aaron Levinson
**Aaron Levinson** (born July 2, 1963) is a Grammy award-winning producer, musician, composer and record label owner. He has produced and released dozens of albums since starting his career with Inner City Records in 1981.
## Early life {#early_life}
Levinson was born in Philadelphia and is a graduate of the Philadelphia High School for the Creative and Performing Arts.
## Career
In 2003, Levinson co-composed and produced the score for the Cinemax documentary *"How Do You Spell Murder?"* directed by Oscar-winning directors Alan and Susan Raymond. His recent productions include Jeff Thomas\' *All Volunteer Army*, *El Malito* and *Rediscovering Lonnie Johnson*. Levinson is an ASCAP-affiliated songwriter and publisher and has an international co-publishing agreement with Evergreen Music for his musical compositions in 43 countries around the world.
Levinson is the owner of Range Recording Studios in Ardmore, Pennsylvania and served previously as president of Bell Tower Music. He was an adjunct faculty member at Temple University from 2010 to 2016. From 2014 until 2019, he was an appointed master lecturer at The University Of The Arts. He is a former governor of the Philadelphia chapter of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.
### Discography
- *Baby Loves Salsa*, (Producer), 2008
- *Pulpo\'s Hot Bread*, Pulpo, (Production Consultant), 2008
- *Rediscovering Lonnie Johnson*, Jef Lee Johnson, (Producer), 2008
- *Resist Temptation*, (Harmonious Wail, Audio Engineer, Audio Production, Liner Notes, Mixing, Producer), 2008
- *(R)evolucion*, Jose Conde (Producer), 2007
- *The Harlem Experiment*, The Harlem Experiment (Audio Production, Liner Notes, Mixing, Producer), 2007
- *3*, Zaperoko (Executive Producer, Mixing), 2006
- *Lost Classics of Salsa, Vol. 2*, (Executive Producer, Reissue Producer), 2006
- *Mellow Hip-Hop Sessions*, (Producer), 2006
- *Movement: Detroit\'s Electronic Music Festival 04*, (Producer), 2005
- *Across 110th Street*, Spanish Harlem Orchestra, (Audio Production, Engineer, Executive Producer, Mastering, Mixing, Producer), 2004
- *All Night Long*, Layo & Bushwacka!, (Producer), 2004
- *Lost Classics of Salsa, Vol
| 321 |
Aaron Levinson
| 0 |
10,036,020 |
# Demon's Delight
***Demon\'s Delight*** is an anthology novel containing four short stories written by authors MaryJanice Davidson, Emma Holly, Vickie Taylor, and Catherine Spangler.
## Novellas
### Witch Way {#witch_way}
Chris Mere is the descendant of a long line of witches that were cursed in the times of the Salem Witch Trials. The curse causes each generation to pick one descendant and it is his job to kill the witch hunter who comes to destroy the de Mere family. Rhea Goodman is the witch hunter that is destined to kill the next descendant of the de Mere line. Rather than killing Rhea, Chris approaches her days after she discovers her destiny to try to stop the cycle of violence before they become the next dead descendants of their family lines. *Witch Way* is written by MaryJanice Davidson.
### Street Corners and Halos {#street_corners_and_halos}
Written by Catherine Spangler.
### The Demon\'s Angel {#the_demons_angel}
Written by Emma Holly
| 157 |
Demon's Delight
| 0 |
10,036,028 |
# Simonswald
**Simonswald** (Low Alemannic: *Simeschwald*) is a town in the district of Emmendingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
| 18 |
Simonswald
| 0 |
10,036,039 |
# Mount William (Antarctica)
**Mount William** is a prominent snowy mountain in Antarctica, standing 1520 m tall, and located 6 km north-northeast of Cape Lancaster which is the south extremity of Anvers Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. This is the tallest mountain visible from Biscoe Bay, near the south end of the island\'s Osterrieth Range which also includes Mount Français (the tallest mountain on the island).
This mountain was discovered on February 21, 1832, by John Biscoe who incorrectly believed it to be part of the mainland of Antarctic Peninsula, instead of on an island. He named it for William IV, then King of the United Kingdom.
Mountain climbers from the U.K. were the first to ascend this peak, in 1956. In 2003, after climbing this mountain, two Americans skied down.
A rock ridge leading northwest from Mount William leads to Shewry Peak
| 143 |
Mount William (Antarctica)
| 0 |
10,036,042 |
# Marchiennes
**Marchiennes** (`{{IPA|fr|maʁʃjɛn}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It was fictionally portrayed in Émile Zola\'s Germinal
| 22 |
Marchiennes
| 0 |
10,036,045 |
# Weisweil (Emmendingen)
**Weisweil** is a municipality in the district of Emmendingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
## Location
Weisweil is located several kilometres north of the Kaiserstuhl low mountain range and about 18 kilometres northwest of the local town Emmendingen In the Upper Rhine Valley. The Rhine forests and meadows of the Weisweil district became a protected area in 1998 to preserve the floodplains due to the diversity of species found there. Thus forming the Whyl-Weisweil Nature Reserve. The reserve extends in the north to the Leopold Canal and borders the Taubergießen Nature Reserve.
The nearby Grand Canal d\'Alsace which branches off at Weisweil on the French side of the Rhine river along with the construction of a Rhine water power plant created a barrage through which the main arm of the Rhine expands to a width of around 600 meters. A popular water sports area with a marina has developed here.
### Neighbouring Municipalities {#neighbouring_municipalities}
The municipalities of Rheinhausen, Kenzingen, Forchheim and Wyhl (located clockwise from north to south) border Weisweil. All located in the district of Emmendingen. To the west, the municipality borders on the Rhine, across from which is the border to France.
## Politics
The local election on 25 May 2014 produced a voter turnout of 63.24%
### Government Figures {#government_figures}
The Bürgermeister (Mayor) Michael Baumann has been in office since January 2014, following the election in November 2013.
### Administrative Group {#administrative_group}
Weisweil together with the neighbouring municipality of Rheinhausen and the towns of Herbolzheim and Kenzingen, form the municipal administration association \"Kenzingen-Herbolzheim\" based in Kenzingen.
## Economy and Infrastructure {#economy_and_infrastructure}
### Residing Companies {#residing_companies}
- In 1908 the Horst Schanzlin founded the Schanzlin company in Fahrnau, Baden Württemberg. It was originally a small mechanical workshop producing pumps, bandsaws, straw cutters, hand tractors, and parts for gear manufacturing. Beginning in 1948 the company then known as Schanzlin Antriebstechnik GmbH. In 1953 the company relocated to Weisweil. The company purchased 30,000 square-meters of land for its use at Kopfle 30 Weisweil, 79367 Germany, with 8,000 of those being built onto. At times, up to 100 employees worked at the plant. The company then known as Schanzlin Maschinenfabrik and Schanzlin Antriebstechnik remained there until its closure on 1 December 2016.
- On 6 August 1956, the Bachert company began manufacturing fire engines and other fire protective equipment in Weisweil. After Bachert\'s closure in December 1988 the plant continued as Iveco Magirus Brandschutztechnik GmbH. Along with its factories in Ulm and Görlitz the plant continued to build fire devices within the Eurofire group. The companies production facilities remained active in Weisweil, Görlitz, Chambéry, and Kainbach until 2012, when the company restructured in favor of a central fire protection center in Ulm that produced an estimated 500 additional jobs. Until its closure the Weisweil location employed 185 people.
## Public Institutions {#public_institutions}
### Local Services {#local_services}
Weisweil has a volunteer fire department, which on 9 June 2007 participated in a skit on the German television show \"Verstehen Sie Spaß?\". Additionally the town has a youth club referred to as JuWe. JuWe is described as a place where young people can meet and spend their free time together.
### Educational Institutions {#educational_institutions}
The town of Weisweil has a Grundschule (primary school). However, the towns Hauptschule (secondary school) has been closed.
## Notable People {#notable_people}
### Members of the Community {#members_of_the_community}
- Eduard Kaiser (1813-1903) - doctor and political, member of the state government.
- 5 January 1842 Carl Engler, † 7 February 1925 in Karlsruhe - chemist
- 1844, Friedrich Karl Oehler, † March 12, 1910 in Karlsruhe - Protestant theologian and prelate of the Evangelical Church in Baden
- 4 November 1959 Dieter Ehret - civil engineer, politician (former FDP member), member of the state parliament of Baden Württemberg from 2006 to 2011.
### People with connections to Weisweil {#people_with_connections_to_weisweil}
- Karl Nicola (\* 1939), from 1972 to 1992 SPD member of the state parliament of Baden-Württemberg, was mayor of Weisweil from 1974 to 1998
| 666 |
Weisweil (Emmendingen)
| 0 |
10,036,055 |
# Hydrozagadka
***Hydrozagadka*** (*Hydro-puzzle*) is a Polish superhero comedy film.
The movie was ostensibly created as a Communist parody of the American ideals glorified in Superman and other superhero films, however Polish audiences instead felt that the film humorously parodied aspects of Polish life under Communist rule, such as the many slogans for a \"better life.\"
Hydrozagadka premiered on 30 April 1971 on Polish television.
## Plot
During a summer heat wave, all the water in Warsaw is puzzlingly disappearing. Scientists secretly call upon As (*Ace*), a superhero who passes his days living as a mild-mannered engineer, to try to solve the mystery. It turns out that a mysterious Maharaja is in league with Doctor Spot to steal Poland\'s water and take it to the Maharaja\'s country.
## Cast
- Roman Kłosowski - Prince of Kabur
- Zdzisław Maklakiewicz - Dr
| 141 |
Hydrozagadka
| 0 |
10,036,059 |
# Niger Delta Congress
The **Niger Delta Congress** (**NDC**) is a socio-political organization of the ethnic nationalities of the Niger Delta region. The NDC was established on 26 December 2019 in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, to serve the purpose of uniting the minority nationalities of the Niger Delta region as a means to achieving political and economic autonomy for the peoples of the region. The NDC is under the leadership of an executive council that comprises representatives of the different nationalities that make up the region.[1](https://nigerdeltacongress.org/about.html) The current executive of the NDC which is in acting capacity is led by Nubari Saatah as President, and Mudiaga Ogboru as its National Spokesperson.
## Political activism {#political_activism}
According to the draft constitution of the Niger Delta Congress:
> *\"The NIGER DELTA CONGRESS is a movement for the economic and political emancipation of the peoples of the Niger Delta region of present day Nigeria. The NDC as an organization is created to bring together the minority nationalities of the Niger Delta region, including socio-political organizations, non-governmental organizations, community-based organizations, activists, and trade and labour groups which share the aspirations of the peoples of the Niger Delta towards achieving economic and political autonomy for the region and its peoples. The NIGER DELTA CONGRESS is founded on the necessity of protecting the economic and political rights and freedoms of the different ethnic nationalities of the region, which have since before independence been assaulted by the major ethnic nationalities of the Nigerian state, in their bid to ensure complete domination and subjugation of the Delta peoples, so as to guarantee minimal resistance and the seamless looting and pillaging of the human and natural resources of the peoples of the Niger Delta.\"*
in June 2020, the NDC through its Spokesman Adokiye Oyagiri warned oil companies from taking part in the bidding process instituted by Nigeria\'s Department for Petroleum Resources (DPR) for 57 oil wells.[2](https://guardian.ng/news/niger-delta-congress-warns-against-bidding-for-57-marginal-oil-fields/) The NDC cited the destruction of the Niger Delta environment and the economic deprivation of the people as major reasons for its call, and warned prospective bidders that they were taking a risk and the initiative would be resisted by the group.
In August 2020, Adokiye Oyagiri called for the political autonomy of the Niger Delta region after statistics from the NBS revealed unemployment and underemployment in the Niger Delta region was higher than all other regions.[3](https://guardian.ng/news/ndc-calls-for-niger-delta-autonomy-over-spike-in-unemployment-rate/)
The Niger Delta Congress has also claimed that the Niger Delta region is owed \$75 billion by the Nigerian government for unremitted revenues, and compensations due to the negative externalities of oil exploration on Niger Delta communities.[4](https://www.thecable.ng/ogoni-clean-up-ndc-seeks-75bn-compensation-for-niger-delta-people)
## Previous Existence {#previous_existence}
The **Niger Delta Congress** was one of the small political parties in Nigeria\'s First Republic. The party generated most of its support from minorities in the Eastern Region of Nigeria. The party was formed by Harold Biriye and some southern minority leaders, principally from Degema, Ogoni, Brass and Western Ijaw divisions. The party entered into an alliance with the Northern People\'s Congress, at the time, the alliance was seen by some as one of strange bedfellows. However, NPC, which had federal ministers in Lagos, may have been courting southern groups to present a national outlook and to have alliances with groups close to trading posts and Biriye was looking for a powerful ally to guarantee seats for his new party in the Eastern region and on the boards of the Special Area commission.
In its manifesto, the party promised the initiation of a Federal Territory status for the Degema, Ogoni, Brass, and Western Ijaw divisions, promoting the culture of the people of the Niger Delta, quality education and financial assistance to the fishermen from the delta, protection of timber resources, the improvement of communications and the scheduling of certain towns as recognized ports. Chief Melford Okilo who eventually was elected as a governor of Rivers state won his first parliamentary election on this platform
| 648 |
Niger Delta Congress
| 0 |
10,036,063 |
# Sebastian Iwasaki
**Sebastian Iwasaki** (born 20 February 1991, in Warsaw) is a Polish former competitive figure skater. He is the 2010 Polish bronze medalist and 2009 junior national champion. He competed at two World Junior Championships, qualifying for the final segment at the 2010 competition in The Hague. He finished 18th overall in the Netherlands.
Iwasaki was coached by Adam Zalegowski as a child, Sarkis Tewanian in the 2006--07 season, Zbigniew Turkowski in 2007--09, and Alexey Fedoseev in 2010--11.
## Programs
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Season | Short program | Free skating |
+===========+========================================================================+======================================================================================+
| 2010--11\ | - Quidam\ | - Music\ |
| | `{{small| (from [[Cirque du Soleil]]) }}`{=mediawiki} | `{{small| by [[Sergei Rachmaninov]] }}`{=mediawiki} |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2008--09\ | - The Last Emperor\ | - Nocturne in E flat Major\ |
| | `{{small| by [[Ryuichi Sakamoto]] }}`{=mediawiki} | `{{small| by [[Frederic Chopin]] }}`{=mediawiki} |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2007--08\ | - Horvirap\ | |
| | `{{small| (Armenian Rhapsody) <br> by A. Gevorkian }}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2006--07\ | | - Overture (Dance of the Four Muses)\ |
| | | `{{small| from Phantom of the Opera on Ice <br> by Robert Danova }}`{=mediawiki} |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
## Competitive highlights {#competitive_highlights}
*JGP: ISU Junior Grand Prix*
International
-----------------------
Event
Nebelhorn
NRW Trophy
International: Junior
Junior Worlds
Bulgaria
Croatia
Estonia
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Mexico
Poland
Spain
Warsaw Cup
Cup of Nice
Copenhagen
National
Polish Champ.
Polish Junior
J
| 238 |
Sebastian Iwasaki
| 0 |
10,036,067 |
# Paul T. Frankl
**Paul T. Frankl** (October 14, 1886 -- March 21, 1958), an Art Deco furniture designer and maker, architect, painter and writer from Vienna, Austria, was the son of a wealthy real estate speculator.
## Career
After Frankl completed his architectural studies at the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin), he traveled, spending time in Berlin and Copenhagen before arriving in the United States in April 1914. He settled in New York City and brought with him an outsider\'s fresh perspective and an enthusiasm for forging a uniquely American design aesthetic. Frankl began as an architect and later switched to designing and painting fine art and furniture. In the years between the two world wars he, more than any other designer, helped shape the distinctive look of American modernism.
Frankl had a competitive edge over US architects who stuck to the principles of Revivalism architecture. In the 1920s Frankl embraced modernist European design ideas and found himself among a small group of Austrian and German designers , who in some cases maintained workshops and showrooms in New York City. Rena Rosenthal and Edward H. Aschermann not only sold modern interior and industrial design in New York City, they also fabricated in the city. They were joined by Winold Reiss, Ilonka Karasz, Joseph Urban, and William Lescaze, while Kem Weber established modernist interior design on the US West coast. Frankl set up his architectual parctice in New York City and was commissioned to designed film sets. As Frankl struggled financially, he had to accept commissions for interior designs. In the 1920s, Frankl introduced his celebrated skyscraper style (before turning to metal furnishings in the 1930s). Frankl opened Frankl Galleries on 48th Street, calling his company Skyscraper Furniture, which became an epicenter of American modernism, including modern textiles and wallpapers imported from Europe.
His solo art shows included New York City\'s Knoedler Gallery in 1931 and Los Angeles\'s Stendahl Gallery in 1944.
After he relocated to Los Angeles and opened a gallery on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills, celebrities such as Fred Astaire, Cary Grant, Katharine Hepburn, Walter Huston and Alfred Hitchcock became clients.
Frankl wrote several books and magazine articles about the Modern Style and was its most vocal proponent. He established the American Union of Decorative Artists and Craftsmen (AUDAC) in 1928. He later designed production pieces for Brown Saltman of California and Johnson Furniture Company of Grand Rapids, incorporating an early use of biomorphic designs and novel materials such as cork veneer. His style continuously evolved, from early skyscraper furniture to relaxed and casual designs favored by the Hollywood elite in the 1930s to manufactured pieces for the mass market in the 1950s. In 1934 he moved to Los Angeles where he taught at the University of Southern California and the Chouinard Art Institute. Used, out-of-print books he authored sell for hundreds of dollars in online bookstores.
His daughter, Paulette Frankl, is an artist, author and photographer, and his grandson, Nicholas Koenig, is a creative director for theme parks and interactive games.
## Books
- *[New Dimensions: the Decorative Arts of Today in Words and Pictures](https://archive.org/details/newdimensionsdec00franrich)*, 1928.
- *Form and Re-form: A Practical Handbook of Modern Interiors*, 1930 (reprint 1975).
- *Machine-made leisure*, 1932.
- *Space for living: Creative interior decoration and design*, 1938.
- *Principios fundamentales de la historia de la arquitectura, Leipzig y Berlín*, 1914.
## Collections
- Brooklyn museum of art.
- San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
- Art Institute of Chicago.
- Milwaukee Art Museum.
- Philadelphia Museum of Art.
- Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- Grand Rapids Art Museum
| 601 |
Paul T. Frankl
| 0 |
10,036,068 |
# Eisingen
**Eisingen** is a municipality in the district of Enz in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is situated on the Bertha Benz Memorial Route and contains no other villages.
## History
Eisingen became a possession of the Margraviate of Baden in late 1495. It was governed by the district of Pforzheim until 1803, when it was reassigned to the district of Stein. Stein\'s district was dissolved on 25 May 1821 and Eisingen returned to Pforzheim\'s jurisdiction. On 25 June 1939 the district was reorganized as the Landkreis Pforzheim.
On 1 March 1985, the Eisinger Gäulandschaft Federally-protected nature preserve was created and is mostly located inside Eisingen.
## Geography
The municipality (*Gemeinde*) of Eisingen covers 8.04 km2 of the Enz district of the state of Baden-Württemberg and the Federal Republic of Germany. It is physically located on the Bauschlotter Plateau, on the southern reaches of the Kraichgau. The primary watercourse in Eisingen is the Gennenbach, a tributary of the Kämpfelbach. The lowest elevation above sea level in the municipal area is 207 m Normalnull (NN) at the Untere Herrschaftswiesen. The highest elevation is the top of the Heidenkeller, at 360 m NN.
## Politics
In the Baden-Württemberg local elections of 2014, Eisingen had a voter turnout of 47.2% (compared to 50.6% in 2009) that bought the Eisingen Free Voter\'s Association eight seats with 55.15% of the vote and the CDU six seats with the remainder. The mayor, Roland Bauer since December 2013, is entitled to a vote on the municipal council.
### Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
Eisingen\'s municipal coat of arms depicts a plowshare in gold above a silver-bladed billhook on a field of red. The plowshare and the billhook reference town\'s history of viticulture, and were used on local boundary stones. The first municipal coat of arms was granted by the Margraves of Baden in 1497 and featured a plowshare and a billhook. The present pattern was adopted in 1902 with the tincture of the Grand Duchy of Baden on the suggestion of the Karlsruhe State Archive
| 337 |
Eisingen
| 0 |
10,036,074 |
# Engelsbrand
**Engelsbrand** is a municipality in the district of Enz in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is home to the luxury watchmaker Stowa. It contains the villages of Engelsbrand, Salmbach, and Grunbach.
## History
The three villages of Engelsbrand, Salmbach, and Grunbach were founded in the 11th or 12th centuries *Waldhufendorf* as part of the settling of the area around Hirsau Abbey. The first documentation of the communities occurred on 24 July 1404, when canons from Brötzingen requested the separation of several villages, including the Engelsbrand three, from Brötzingen for the formation of a new parish in Langenbrand. This application was approved on 10 September of the same year, making Engelsbrand subservient to the Count of Württemberg.
The Engelsbrand three were struck with plague and frequently sacked during the Thirty Years\' War, the reign of Louis XIV of France, and the Coalition Wars. In 1807, the three villages were assigned to Oberamt Calw, a province of the Kingdom of Württemberg. Three years later, they were assigned to Oberamt Neuenbürg, which both came under the Schwarzwaldkreis in 1817.
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
The coat of arms of Engelsbrand shows a holly leaf with two berries and a burning log over a white field divided by an oblique and wavering blue band, combining the coats of arms of the three villages in the municipality. A first draft of this coat of arms, commemorating the merger of Engelsbrand, Grunbach, and Salmbach into one municipality on 1 January 1975, was authorized for use by the Enzkreis district office on 20 December 1984. The blue band is taken from Grunbach and Salmbach, as is the holly leaf that symbolizes the flora of the Black Forest, while the burning log, representing forest-clearing activities by medieval farmers, is from Engelsbrand proper
| 294 |
Engelsbrand
| 0 |
10,036,076 |
# People in Cages
***People in Cages*** is a short play by the British writer, David Henry Wilson, first performed in 2000. The play consists of four short vignettes, each of which revolves around different individuals or groups of people locked inside a cage for the entertainment of paying visitors, reminiscent of a sideshow.
## Synopsis
Each of the four vignettes that make up *People in Cages* addresses different social issues, such as racism, and how people can become trapped by society. Although some of these issues are weighty, and each play is ultimately quite tragic, the plays themselves are laced with humour and comedy. The humour is typically very surreal in view of the unusual premise of having people locked inside cages for the viewing pleasure of others and that some of these people are out of the ordinary in unexpected ways.
The four vignettes are independent of one another, apart from the linking character of the cage-keeper, Mr Jacob, and can therefore be performed separately or in any order. However, when performed together, the author recommends that they should be performed in the following order.
### *Killer in a Cage* {#killer_in_a_cage}
The Killer paces in his cages as Mr Jacob brings in Mr and Mrs Smith. After warning them to keep clear of the cage, Jacob leaves the couple to enjoy the show. The Killer proceeds to deny that he has ever killed anyone and gradually draws Mr and Mrs Smith in, trying to persuade them that he stays in his cage so that people can come to him for help.
When Mr Smith expresses doubt that the Killer is in his cage by choice, the Killer removes one of the bars from his cage and steps out, scaring the couple intensely for fear of what he might do to them. The Killer continues to insist that he has been misrepresented and does not wish to do the couple harm, while nevertheless acting in a threatening manner.
After stroking Mrs Smith\'s hair to soothe her, an act which annoys Mr Smith, but about which he does nothing, she admits that she does not think the Killer is a killer. The Killer then challenges Mr Smith to put the bar back into the cage to show his strength, a challenge which Mr Smith fails. The Killer puts the bar back himself, shutting a panicked Mr Smith in the cage who starts shouting for help. The Killer then expresses to Mrs Smith that her husband appears to be a failure and has, in particular, failed to protect her from this killer. She subsequently rejects her husband for his failure.
Jacob returns and orders the Killer back into the cage at gunpoint. The Killer then proclaims to have succeeded in killing Mr and Mrs Smith and to boast that he can kill anybody, but still denying to have killed his family. After Jacob and the Smiths have left, the Killer\'s mood changes and he speaks to the audience, claiming that he is just doing his job and that both he and the audience are killers in cages.
### *Babes in a Cage* {#babes_in_a_cage}
Miss Jones is brought by Mr Jacob to view three babies in a cage, although the cage is referred to as a playpen by Jacob. The babies, named Pinkie, Yellow and Bluey, are clearly fully grown and quite different from each other, yet Jacob insists that they are just babies and are identical triplets. The fact that they do not look identical is one of the points of interest of the babies. Jacob also reveals that the babies parents were killed, one being stabbed and the other shot.
After Jacob has left Miss Jones with the babies, she tries to engage them in conversation. Increasingly fractious arguments between the babies and Miss Jones culminate in Bluey and Yellow pulling a knife and a gun, respectively, from their underpants, although the babies refer to these weapons as a \"kernife\" and a \"gum\". Yellow says that he has his bum in his pants and then proceeds to pull out a bomb. Concerned for her safety, and believing she now knows how the parents were killed, she calls Mr Jacob who insists that the weapons are just toys. He is then shot by Pinkie.
While Miss Jones is offstage retrieving a policeman, Jacob gets up, scolding Pinkie for firing the gun, but then realises that the resulting scandal might help to get the punters in.
When the policeman arrives, he questions the babies but they respond to him only with gibberish, causing the policeman to arrest Miss Jones for wasting police time.
### *Couple in a Cage* {#couple_in_a_cage}
Mr and Mrs Grey are locked in a cage which they treat as their home. Mrs Grey is fed up with living in a cage and entertaining the visitors brought by Mr Jacob, while Mr Grey is concerned that, if they leave the cage, he will not be able to find a better job. Mrs Grey issues a stream of insults against her nervous husband for failing to fulfil the promises of a good life he made to her before they were married.
Jacob enters to warn the couple that they need to look cheerful for the visitors or they will lose their job. He also orders Mr Grey to have a wash since he smells. While Mr Grey is washing, Jacob propositions Mrs Grey, offering her a better life if she will have sexual intercourse with him. Once Mr Grey has finished washing, Mrs Grey challenges her husband to defend her honour, but he instead seeks to appease Mr Jacob in an effort to keep his job.
Jacob leaves to bring in the latest visitors and, in his absence, Mrs Grey further insults her husband, finally labelling him as pathetic. When Jacob returns with Mr and Mrs Brown, Mrs Grey ignores them while Mr Grey attempts to engage them in mindless banter. When questioned directly by the Browns, Mrs Grey launches into a tirade about how she is sick of her life, upsetting the Browns and leading Jacob to fire Mr and Mrs Grey. Mrs Grey leaves the cage with pleasure, while Mr Grey fights to maintain his position, to no avail.
Once the Greys have left, Jacob puts on an act of being in a desperate situation now his cage is empty. The Browns, currently unemployed, offer to step into the cage, with Mr Brown believing this to be their lucky day, while Mrs Brown is somewhat less certain. Jacob locks them into the cage and goes off to bring in the next visitor.
| 1,103 |
People in Cages
| 0 |
10,036,076 |
# People in Cages
## Synopsis
### *Green Man in a Cage* {#green_man_in_a_cage}
In the final, poignant play, Mr Jacob brings the Lovely family to see a green man who is locked in the cage with his hands tied. Helen Lovely, the daughter of Mr and Mrs Lovely, is immediately taken with this sad-looking green man and strikes up a silent rapport with him. Jacob explains how the green man is not really human, although he may appear so, and is unable to speak or understand anything except basic commands. When ordered to perform tricks such as scratching his head and beating his chest, Mr and Mrs Lovely are hugely impressed and leave as very satisfied customers having witnessed this animal performing.
Once the Lovelys have left, the green man sings about his captivity and his desire for release, through death, in a form reminiscent of a spiritual. Jacob catches him singing and beats him viciously for disobeying his orders never to speak or communicate.
As Jacob leaves, Helen Lovely returns to bring the green man some food and is happy to learn that he is able to speak. She unties his hands and tries to set him free using a hairpin to pick the lock of the cage. She touches him to see if the green comes off, but the green man explains that he is green as a result of genetics. After loosely tying his hands again, Helen leaves, promising to come back and visit.
The following morning, Jacob enters with a policeman who orders the green man to confess to the rape and murder of Helen Lovely. Helen had been found in Jacob\'s bedroom, having been shot with Jacob\'s gun. The green man is the only suspect, despite having been locked in a cage with his hands tied. Finding that the green man\'s hands are only loosely tied and that there are scratch marks from a hairpin around the lock on the cage door, the policeman concludes that this is sufficient evidence of the green man\'s guilt and leads him away.
## Publication
*People in Cages* was first published in Great Britain in 2002 by Hope Corner. The published play includes two other short plays by Wilson, *Reflections* and *The Biscuit*. *Reflections* is a collection of short monologues while *The Biscuit*, in common with *People in Cages*, features a character locked in a cage where he is tormented and finally killed by his captors.
| 407 |
People in Cages
| 1 |
10,036,076 |
# People in Cages
## Production history {#production_history}
*People in Cages* was first produced by Michael Friend Productions at the Mill Studio, Guildford, England in February 2000. This production was subsequently performed at Union Theatre, London in March 2000.
A further production of the play was produced by Progress Theatre, Reading, England in April 2007 to mixed reviews.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
The entry for *People in Cages* in the March 2000 edition of *in SE1* described the play as hilarious
| 81 |
People in Cages
| 2 |
10,036,081 |
# Friolzheim
**Friolzheim** is a municipality of the Enz district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The Friolzheimer Riese telecommunications tower was located here.
## History
The village of Friolzheim gradually became a possession of the House of Gemmingen in the 15th century, but then sold the village to Hirsau Abbey. Friolzheim remained a possession of the monastery until it was dissolved in 1807 following German mediatization. Under the Kingdom of Württemberg, Friolzheim was first assigned to Oberamt Calw in 1807, then to Oberamt Leonberg on 26 April 1808. Following the 1973 Baden-Württemberg district reform, Friolzheim was assigned to the Enz district.
## Geography
The municipality (*Gemeinde*) of Friolzheim covers 8.54 km2 of the Enz district of Baden-Württemberg, a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. Friolzheim is physically located at the edge of the Black Forest and the Upper Gäu. Most of the municipal area lies in the Heckengäu, a region characterized by karstified and forested muschelkalk hills covered with thin layers of soil.
A portion of the Federally-protected Tiefenbronner Seewiesen natural reserve is located in the southeast of the municipality.
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
Friolzheim\'s municipal coat of arms is divided vertically between an image of a stag in gold upon a field of blue on the right, and five bars -- three gold and two blue -- on the left. The bars on the left are from the coat of arms of the House of Gemmingen, while the stag is a reference to Hirsau Abbey. This pattern was drafted and accepted on the suggestion of the Central State Archive Stuttgart in 1937, as Friolzheim had had no coat of arms until then. It was officially approved by the Federal Ministry of the Interior on 11 December 1957
| 288 |
Friolzheim
| 0 |
10,036,084 |
# Ispringen
**Ispringen** is a municipality in the district of Enz in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The name of the town was first recorded in the early Middle Ages as \'Urspringen\'. It refers to a natural spring which is the source of the Kämpfelbach, a small stream that ultimately empties into the Rhine. The town\'s coat-of-arms, yellow shears on a scarlet background, allude to the town\'s former main industry of raising sheep. The colours are common to communities in the area and derive from the coat-of-arms of the Grand Duchy of Baden.
## History
Ispringen was first mentioned in 1272. For most of its history it remained a relatively small village dominated by small livestock farms and orchards. In the fourteenth century the spiritual welfare (and by extension the temporal government) came under the patronage of the Dominican friary at Pforzheim. This remained the structure of local affairs until the upheaval of the Reformation. Following this the village came under the rule of the Duke of Baden, and would remain there until absorbed into the unified Germany. Under the Duke of Baden the inhabitants changed to Lutheranism.
During the Napoleonic wars Ispringen suffered quartering by French, Prussian, Cossack and German troops. This was the town\'s first large scale exposure to outside influences.
Following the end of the Second World War Ispringen experienced something of a boom. Pforzheim had been reduced to rubble in an Allied bombing raid late in the war, and Ispringen had been largely unaffected. Some light industrial businesses started building along the south side of town. This was followed by young families in the fifties and sixties looking for both employment and space outside but still close to their old place of habitation.
## Geography
As the source of the Kämpfelbach, Ispringen sits at the head of a shallow river valley. At the extreme eastern end of the town what flat land is available is monopolised by the Karlsruhe to Pforzheim rail link and the L570 road link. For most of the length of the town the valley floor is no wider than a hundred metres across, until the western boundary is reached and the valley opens out into fields more typical of Ispringen\'s downstream neighbours. As such most of the town is built on the relatively shallow but steep sides of the upper valley, and any short walk away from the centre of town will quickly allow a view of a majority of the locality.
To the south of the town is a thin isthmus of forest and the A8 Munich to Karlsruhe autobahn that separates the town from Pforzheim\'s shopping district. These barriers are impassable by car. The result of which being that while Ispringen is close in physical proximity to its larger neighbour, it retains a distinct identity of its own and cannot be regarded at a suburb of that city. Beyond Pforzheim the Black Forest begins.
Over the north side of the valley the countryside opens to a large plain of rolling hills and large commercial farms.
## Education
At kindergarten Ispringen has four establishments, two of each run by the Lutheran and Catholic churches, both denominations having one on either side of the valley.
Primary school level education was formerly provided at the old school house located on the corner of *Schulstraße* and *Gartenstraße*, now occupied by the local branch of the Sparkasse. Due to demographic pressure it was necessary to build a larger school and this now located on the southside of town on a wooded promontory between to industrial zone and the larger Ersingen town forest.
Secondary school education is also provided for at this facility, but is limited to Hauptschule and Werkrealschule levels. Those Isprigen residents who wish to take the more academic oriented gymnasium stream have the option of five such schools in Pforzheim or one further down the valley at Königsbach.
## Religion
Ispringen is serviced by four churches. The town\'s established Lutheran church, dating from the late eighteenth century, lies on the *Hochstraße*. On the south side of town the small Catholic and non-conformist Christian communities are served by the Maria Königen church on Höhenstraße and the Neueapostolik church respectively. Mass is not celebrated every Sunday at Maria Königen, but services are available in the predominantly Catholic village of Ersingen a few kilometres to the west. There is a secondary smaller Lutheran church. No non-Christian religion has established a house of worship in the town
| 738 |
Ispringen
| 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.