id
int64 1
18.4k
| date
stringdate 1947-01-01 00:00:00
2025-01-01 00:00:00
| bias_type
stringclasses 11
values | normative_framing
stringclasses 3
values | source
stringlengths 15
164
| policy
stringlengths 14
2.69k
| bias_type_merged
stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8,901 | 1988 | racial_cultural | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | if one entity of an institution receives fed. funds, the entire institution must abide by the anti-discrimination laws. | group_2 |
8,902 | 1993 | racial_cultural | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Support the transition to non-racial democracy in South Africa. | group_2 |
8,903 | 2000 | racial_cultural | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world. | group_2 |
8,904 | 2021 | racial_cultural | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | conduct a study to assess whether there are disparities associated with race and ethnicity with respect to compensation benefits administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) | group_2 |
8,905 | 2021 | racial_cultural | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | develop recommendations to facilitate better data collection on such disparities associated with race and ethnicity. | group_2 |
8,906 | 1978 | racial_cultural | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | Reevaluate US policy to protect and preserve American Indian religious cultural rites and practices. | group_2 |
8,907 | 1994 | racial_cultural | explicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | to provide for the traditional use of peyote by Indians for religious purposes, and for other purposes. | group_2 |
8,908 | 2012 | racial_cultural | implicit | Policy Agendas Project: Public Laws. | to provide for Indian tribes to enter into certain leases without prior express approval from the Secretary of the Interior, and for other purposes. | group_2 |
8,909 | 2002 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | The highest rate of poverty in South Dakota occurs on Indian reservations | group_2 |
8,910 | 1992 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | The rate for American Indians and Alaskan Natives living below 50 percent the poverty level is 11.2 percent, nearly double the rate of the general population | group_2 |
8,911 | 2009 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Mandatory minimum sentences have consistently been shown to have a disproportionate impact on African Americans | group_2 |
8,912 | 2008 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | African-American and Hispanic children are more likely than Caucasian children to be obese | group_2 |
8,913 | 1977 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | any police initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than the behavior of an individual" | group_2 |
8,914 | 1990 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | hate crimes are prompted by bias and are committed to send a message of hate to targeted communities, usually defined on the basis of immutable traits | group_2 |
8,915 | 2017 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | including a 19-percent rise in hate crimes against American Muslims" | group_2 |
8,916 | 1986 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Set aside for indian tribes | group_2 |
8,917 | 1954 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | the court found that the schools designated for African-Americans were grossly inadequate in terms of buildings, transportation, and teacher salaries when compared to the schools provided for white students | group_2 |
8,918 | 1965 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | the lack of diversity among public schoolteachers inhibits positive learning outcomes generally | group_2 |
8,919 | 1994 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | the use of raiding and slaving parties is a tool for creating food shortages and is used as a systematic means to destroy the societies, culture, and economies of the Dinka, Nuer, and Nuba peoples in a policy of low-intensity ethnic cleansing | group_2 |
8,920 | 2008 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | there are a variety of possible causes of disparities in criminal justice statistics among racial and ethnic groups | group_2 |
8,921 | 2009 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | to provide information and assistance to victims of hate crimes | group_2 |
8,922 | 1965 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | a lack of diversity among public school teachers contributes to lower standardized test scores and lower graduation rates | group_2 |
8,923 | 1977 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | A large majority of individuals subjected to traffic stops and other law enforcement activities based on race, ethnicity, or national origin are found to be law abiding | group_2 |
8,924 | 2000 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | a pattern of evidence indicating racial disparities in charging, sentencing, and imposition of the death penalty | group_2 |
8,925 | 1954 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | against the inferior conditions that African-American students experienced under South Carolina's racially segregated school system | group_2 |
8,926 | 1977 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Any revisions to a racial profiling plan that is developed and implemented by a State or local law enforcement agency in accordance with this title must be submitted to the Attorney General for review | group_2 |
8,927 | 2009 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | area with a demonstrated lack of resources, as determined by the Attorney General, for victims of hate crimes | group_2 |
8,928 | 2009 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | attacks on Hispanics grew 40 percent from 2003 to 2007, even though the Hispanic population only grew 16 percent in the same | group_2 |
8,929 | 2000 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | barriers to telephone penetration on Native American reservations include poverty (the per capita income for Native Americans is $8,234), the high cost of service due to sparse population, and geographic challenges | group_2 |
8,930 | 2004 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | because of aggressive police tactics, racial profiling, and other activities heavily targeted at street level drug activity in urban areas (as opposed to the less visible drug activity prevalent in more affluent areas), African Americans are arrested for drug offenses at six times the rate of whites | group_2 |
8,931 | 1953 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | called for an end to racial discrimination in his 1971 inaugural address | group_2 |
8,932 | 2015 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | civil rights movement includes historic events, court decisions, and legislation, the goals of which were to end discrimination against African Americans | group_2 |
8,933 | 2015 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | civil rights movement includes historic events, court decisions, and legislation, the goals of which were to end segregation based upon race | group_2 |
8,934 | 2015 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | civil rights movement includes historic events, court decisions, and legislation, the goals of which were to ensure that African American citizens could exercise their basic constitutional rights, including the right to vote | group_2 |
8,935 | 2011 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Communities of color are disproportionately affected by teenage pregnancy | group_2 |
8,936 | 2010 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Communities of color disproportionately suffer from teenage pregnancy | group_2 |
8,937 | 2017 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Congress finds that Boys Town was created to serve children of all races and religions | group_2 |
8,938 | 1999 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Congress finds that violence motivated by bias that is a relic of slavery can constitute badges and incidents of slavery | group_2 |
8,939 | 1998 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | Congress should address these discrepancies and the impact they are having on minority communities | group_2 |
8,940 | 2014 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | create economic and political opportunities for people of African descent internationally | group_2 |
8,941 | 1995 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Credible reports of Serbian ``ethnic cleansing'' in Kosova have been received by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights, and in January 1995, Serbia announced a new policy to colonize Albanian land in Kosova | group_2 |
8,942 | 1977 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | develop and implement plans to eliminate racial profiling in accordance with section 202 | group_2 |
8,943 | 2007 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | development and implementation of training courses for administrators and search committee members to ensure that candidates from underrepresented minority groups are not subject to implicit biases in the search and hiring process | group_2 |
8,944 | 1965 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | devoted to political empowerment and to expanding educational and employment opportunities for disadvantaged people and for communities of color | group_2 |
8,945 | 2018 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | discrimination against Jews, Muslims, Sikhs, and members of other groups violates Title VI when that discrimination is based on the group's actual or perceived shared ancestry or ethnic characteristics | group_2 |
8,946 | 2007 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | eligible entities that propose to target geographic areas with high rates of racial and ethnic minorities and health disparity populations, including those proposals that address cultural and linguistic barriers to enrollment | group_2 |
8,947 | 2016 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Establish a teacher training and development program that focuses on issues relating to racial inequality | group_2 |
8,948 | 1977 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | establish and maintain administrative complaint procedures for racial profiling complaints in accordance with section 203 | group_2 |
8,949 | 2009 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | establishing community dialogues with groups whose members are at-risk of being victims of such hate crimes | group_2 |
8,950 | 2016 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Examine the extent to which private corporations have supported the mass incarceration of African-Americans | group_2 |
8,951 | 2008 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | examine the extent to which racial and ethnic disparities are attributable to law enforcement priorities, prosecutorial priorities, the substantive provisions of legislation enacted by Congress | group_2 |
8,952 | 1977 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Federal law enforcement agencies shall maintain adequate policies and procedures designed to eliminate racial profiling | group_2 |
8,953 | 1950 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | fervently advocated nonviolent resistance as the strategy to end segregation and racial discrimination in America | group_2 |
8,954 | 2008 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | findings and conclusions on racial and ethnic disparities, if any, and the State of public confidence in the criminal process | group_2 |
8,955 | 2000 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | found ``yellow'' races to be equal to African Americans with regard to ``separate but equal'' school facilities, and prohibited Chinese Americans, along with ``Black, mulatto, or Indian'' persons, from testifying against White men | group_2 |
8,956 | 2000 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | found a geographic concentration of subprime lending in minority neighborhoods and to borrowers of color at all income levels | group_2 |
8,957 | 2014 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | fund for people of African descent to invest in efficient and innovative solutions to combat racial discrimination | group_2 |
8,958 | 2008 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | gather racial and ethnic data on investigations and prosecutions in the United States districts and the causes of disparities | group_2 |
8,959 | 2008 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | give the highest preference to applications from entities described in clause (i) that primarily serve racial and ethnic minority and other health disparity populations | group_2 |
8,960 | 1953 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | "commitment to ending racial discrimination and prejudice within the world of athletics | group_2 |
8,961 | 2005 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | has passed several reforms in response to them, including outlawing racial profiling and changing Texas law to prohibit drug offense convictions based solely on the word of an undercover informant | group_2 |
8,962 | 2017 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | have enabled Federal authorities to understand and, where appropriate, investigate and prosecute hate crimes | group_2 |
8,963 | 1977 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | in which case racial profiling is not an effective means to uncover criminal activity. | group_2 |
8,964 | 2010 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | In developing the national campaign under subsection (a), the Secretary shall ensure that such educational materials and public service announcements are more readily available in communities experiencing racial disparities | group_2 |
8,965 | 1954 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | in many instances, the schools for African-American children were substandard facilities with out-of-date textbooks and often no basic school supplies | group_2 |
8,966 | 2004 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | In order to avoid discrimination against individuals with limited English proficiency on the basis of national origin, providers of disaster relief related services should take adequate steps to ensure that such individuals receive the language services necessary to afford meaningful access to such services, free of charge | group_2 |
8,967 | 2008 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | in which 50 percent of the peacekeeping troops should come from nations with large Muslim populations | group_2 |
8,968 | 2017 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | including to train employees in identifying and classifying hate crimes | group_2 |
8,969 | 1977 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | is in the process of implementing a plan to maintain adequate policies and procedures designed to eliminate racial profiling | group_2 |
8,970 | 1984 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | land that has been set aside or that has been acknowledged as having been set aside by the United States for the use of an Indian tribe | group_2 |
8,971 | 1997 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | lands set aside for homesteading by Native Hawaiians under the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act | group_2 |
8,972 | 2016 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | large scale and deliberate acts of violence against civilians and includes crimes against humanity, ethnic cleansing, and war crimes. | group_2 |
8,973 | 2009 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | may award grants to State, local, and Tribal law enforcement agencies for extraordinary expenses associated with the investigation and prosecution of hate crimes | group_2 |
8,974 | 1977 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | may make grants to State and local law enforcement agencies to assist such agencies in developing programs to eliminate racial profiling | group_2 |
8,975 | 2000 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | may prescribe for the provision of civil legal assistance to members of Indian tribes and tribal justice systems | group_2 |
8,976 | 2009 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | "Minorities are a vital part of American society and culture and possess the same fundamental human rights and civil rights as the majority | group_2 |
8,977 | 2017 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | more than 50 percent of those hate crimes targeted African Americans | group_2 |
8,978 | 2010 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | more than 60 percent of African-American, Hispanic, Native American, and Asian students face a gap between their expected family contribution, grants, and nonprivate loans and the cost of their education | group_2 |
8,979 | 2001 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Muslim women are subject to frequent discrimination and other forms of abuse and harassment because they wear a head covering | group_2 |
8,980 | 2001 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Muslims have been subjected to harassment, including police brutality and attacks by extremist groups | group_2 |
8,981 | 1996 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | Native Americans experience some of the worst housing conditions in the country, with approximately 90,000 Native families who are homeless or underhoused | group_2 |
8,982 | 1977 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | No Federal, State, or local law enforcement agent or agency shall engage in racial profiling | group_2 |
8,983 | 1980 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | no information obtained as a result of or in connection with a petition filed or a hearing held under this Act that contains a reference pertaining to a specific detail of a Native American traditional cultural practice or religion, or the significance of an Indian or Native Hawaiian sacred land, or the location of that sacred land, shall be released | group_2 |
8,984 | 2018 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | not more than 7 percent shall be designated for such year for grants to Indian tribes or tribal organizations | group_2 |
8,985 | 1964 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | outlawing racial discrimination and segregation in public places and places of public accommodation, in federally funded programs, and employment and encouraging desegregation in public schools | group_2 |
8,986 | 1977 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | prepare a comprehensive report that outlines lessons learned and best practices, as well as recommendations for eliminating racial profiling | group_2 |
8,987 | 2006 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Prevent genocide, ethnic cleansing, and other crimes against humanity | group_2 |
8,988 | 2005 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | programs funded by the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant program (Byrne Grants) have perpetuated racial disparities, corruption in law enforcement | group_2 |
8,989 | 2009 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | propose to target geographic areas with high rates of racial and ethnic minorities, including those proposals that address cultural and linguistic barriers to enrollment | group_2 |
8,990 | 2015 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | protects, the human rights of the people of Cuba, including respecting the human rights of members of all racial and ethnic minorities, including Afro-Cubans, who face discrimination | group_2 |
8,991 | 2008 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | racial and ethnic disparities in the criminal process have contributed to a growing perception of bias in the criminal justice system | group_2 |
8,992 | 2000 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Racial disparities in capital charging, prosecuting, and sentencing decisions | group_2 |
8,993 | 1977 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Racial profiling fosters discord in communities | group_2 |
8,994 | 1977 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Racial profiling violates the equal protection clause of the United States Constitution | group_2 |
8,995 | 2008 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | seek to determine the causes of racial and ethnic disparities in a district, and whether these disparities are substantially explained by sound law enforcement policies or if they are at least partially attributable to discrimination, insensitivity, or unconscious bias | group_2 |
8,996 | 1997 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | set aside approximately 200,000 acres of the ceded public lands for homesteading by Native Hawaiians, thereby affirming the special relationship between the United States and the Native Hawaiians | group_2 |
8,997 | 2002 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall be set aside for making grants to Indian tribes and tribal organizations | group_2 |
8,998 | 1990 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | shall consult with representatives from not less than 3 national organizations and State coalitions with demonstrated expertise in sexual assault prevention, sexual assault advocacy, or representation of sexual assault victims, particularly representatives of underserved or ethnic minority communities | group_2 |
8,999 | 2002 | racial_cultural | implicit | BillSum Dataset | shall include measures to mitigate any significant and adverse environmental effects of proposed Federal actions on minority communities | group_2 |
9,000 | 2001 | racial_cultural | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall be disbursed annually in a lump sum to the tribe's governing body for operating costs of the tribe's governing body, including travel, telephone, cultural, and other expenses incurred in the conduct of the tribe's affairs" | group_2 |
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