id
int64 1
18.4k
| date
stringdate 1947-01-01 00:00:00
2025-01-01 00:00:00
| bias_type
stringclasses 11
values | normative_framing
stringclasses 3
values | source
stringlengths 15
164
| policy
stringlengths 14
2.69k
| bias_type_merged
stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9,101 | 2005 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | denied the freedom to choose or change their religion | group_2 |
9,102 | 2015 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | "Despite these policies, American Indians continue to practice their religions as they have done for thousands of years | group_2 |
9,103 | 1964 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | discrimination against employees on the basis of religion in employment continues to be an unfortunate and unacceptable reality | group_2 |
9,104 | 2005 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | does not provide legal protection for freedom of religion because Salafi Islam is the official religion of the country | group_2 |
9,105 | 1996 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | draw international attention to violations by the Government of Iran of human rights, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, and freedom of the press | group_2 |
9,106 | 2004 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | drawing international attention to the violations by the Government of Iran of human rights, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, and freedom of the press | group_2 |
9,107 | 1976 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Eliminating religious discrimination in managerial, supervisory, administrative, clerical, and technical jobs and significantly increasing the representation in such jobs of individuals from underrepresented religious groups | group_2 |
9,108 | 1974 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | engaged in efforts to combat ethnic and religious intolerance by cooperating with various United States nongovernmental organizations | group_2 |
9,109 | 1964 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Eradicating religious discrimination in employment is essential to reach the goal of full equal employment opportunity in the United States | group_2 |
9,110 | 1995 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Especially harsh punishments have been inflicted on those whose resistance is motivated by religion | group_2 |
9,111 | 2011 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | establish protections for freedom of speech and expression, such as legal standards and rights available to religious and other student groups under the 1st Amendment to the Constitution | group_2 |
9,112 | 1998 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Evidence may not be admitted that would unduly interfere with or unduly put in issue the protected exercise of freedom of religion, speech, press, or peaceable assembly, or petition of government for redress of grievance | group_2 |
9,113 | 2000 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | except that the claimant shall bear the burden of persuasion on whether the law (including a regulation) or government practice that is challenged by the claim burdens or substantially burdens the claimant's exercise of religion | group_2 |
9,114 | 1996 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Financial and political assistance under this section may be provided to an individual, organization, or entity that supports freedom of the press, freedom of speech, freedom of association, and freedom of religion | group_2 |
9,115 | 1964 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | for discrimination in employment because of religion by reason of failure to provide a reasonable accommodation of a religious practice | group_2 |
9,116 | 2007 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | found that the SPDC routinely restricts freedoms of speech, press, assembly, association, religion, and movement | group_2 |
9,117 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Freedom of thought, conscience, religion, or belief is inextricably linked to the exercise of other rights | group_2 |
9,118 | 2005 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | generally provides for freedom of religion, although local authorities continue to infringe on this right | group_2 |
9,119 | 1965 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | giving preference to persons of the same religion to the extent determined by such school to promote the religious purpose for which the qualified school is established or maintained | group_2 |
9,120 | 2012 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Government practices and bureaucratic impediments restricted religious freedom | group_2 |
9,121 | 1993 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Government may burden a person's exercise of religion only if it demonstrates that application of the burden to the person is in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest | group_2 |
9,122 | 1952 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Government must inevitably take cognizance of the existence of religion and, indeed, under certain circumstances the First Amendment may require that it do so | group_2 |
9,123 | 1993 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Government shall not burden a person's exercise of religion even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability | group_2 |
9,124 | 2016 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | grant priority consideration to such applicants whose claims are based on persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution based on religion by reason of those applicants being practitioners of a minority religion | group_2 |
9,125 | 1998 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | granting or enforcing discovery or admitting evidence that is claimed to unduly interfere with or unduly put in issue the protected exercise of freedom of religion, speech, press, or peaceable assembly, or petition of government for redress of grievance | group_2 |
9,126 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | has great religious significance to the world's three major monotheistic religions, and increasing violence, religious intolerance, and archeological neglect threaten to destroy this sacred site | group_2 |
9,127 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | have undertaken a series of specific commitments designed to ensure the freedom of the individual to profess and practice religion or belief, including a commitment by those countries to ensure the full and effective exercise of the freedom of thought, conscience, religion, or belief, in their laws and regulations | group_2 |
9,128 | 1962 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | he declared the correlation between religion and civil laws: Far from being rivals or enemies, religion and law are twin sisters, friends, and mutual assistants | group_2 |
9,129 | 2004 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | his contributions to the improvement of tolerance and peace among all religions throughout the world | group_2 |
9,130 | 2009 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | imposing severe limitations and restrictions on freedom of religion and belief, including by carrying out arbitrary arrests, indefinite detentions, and lengthy jail sentences for those exercising their rights to freedom of religion or belief | group_2 |
9,131 | 1998 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | In any civil action or proceeding that involves conduct consisting the protected exercise of freedom of religion, speech, press, or peaceable assembly, or petition of government for redress of grievance | group_2 |
9,132 | 2005 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | In providing assistance under a program described in subsection (a), a religious organization shall not discriminate against a beneficiary, or a potential beneficiary, of such assistance on the basis of religion or of a religious belief | group_2 |
9,133 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | "in the administration or distribution of Federal financial assistance, no organization should be discriminated against on the basis of religion or religious belief | group_2 |
9,134 | 2016 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | in which verbal or physical threats or attacks are particularly significant against Jewish persons, places of worship, schools, cemeteries, and other religious institutions | group_2 |
9,135 | 1994 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | increasing the representation of individuals from underrepresented religious groups in the workforce, including managerial, supervisory, administrative, clerical, and technical jobs | group_2 |
9,136 | 1997 | religion | implicit | BillSum Dataset | initial warnings, which were later withdrawn, to religious institutions not to hold certain gatherings after the reversion | group_2 |
9,137 | 2005 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | it is necessary to prohibit assaults on the basis of real or perceived religions or national origins | group_2 |
9,138 | 1997 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | It is the sense of the Congress that the President should make freedom of religion one of the major objectives of United States foreign policy | group_2 |
9,139 | 1998 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | It shall be the policy of the United States to condemn violations of religious freedom, and to promote, and to assist other governments in the promotion of, the fundamental right to freedom of religion | group_2 |
9,140 | 2015 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | limit freedom of religion, restrict the operations of independent religious organizations, and persecute believers whose religious activities or views the Government of Cuba regards as a potential threat to its monopoly on power | group_2 |
9,141 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | make it a priority to advocate on behalf of United States businesses being discriminated against by European countries on the basis of religion or belief to ensure full market access | group_2 |
9,142 | 1974 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | making continuing and verifiable progress on the protection of internationally recognized human rights, including freedom of speech and the press, freedom of peaceful assembly and association, and freedom of religion | group_2 |
9,143 | 2005 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | many religious minority groups in Uzbekistan ``faced heavy fines and/or short jail terms for violations of restrictive religion laws''" | group_2 |
9,144 | 1997 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | material involvement in the suppression of the free practice of religion | group_2 |
9,145 | 1995 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | may select, employ, promote, discipline, and dismiss its clerics and other ecclesiastics, directors, officers, employees, and volunteers on the basis of religion, a religious belief, or a religious practice | group_2 |
9,146 | 2016 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Methods to promote global Internet freedom principles, such as the freedoms of expression, assembly, association, and religion, while combating efforts to impose restrictions on such freedoms | group_2 |
9,147 | 2006 | religion | implicit | BillSum Dataset | minimizing concerns relating to any precedent under the Constitution regarding the participation of faith-based providers in the Federal programs | group_2 |
9,148 | 2005 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Monitor and combat acts of religious intolerance and incitement targeted against religious minorities | group_2 |
9,149 | 2000 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | No government shall impose or implement a land use regulation that discriminates against any assembly or institution on the basis of religion or religious denomination | group_2 |
9,150 | 2009 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | None of the funds from a grant made under this section may be used by an organization that discriminates against an individual on the basis of religion | group_2 |
9,151 | 2009 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | None of the funds from a grant made under this section may be used for purposes of promoting religious beliefs or views | group_2 |
9,152 | 2000 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Nothing in this Act shall be construed to affect, interpret, or in any way address that portion of the first amendment to the Constitution prohibiting laws respecting an establishment of religion | group_2 |
9,153 | 1994 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Nothing in this section shall be construed as abrogating, diminishing, or otherwise affecting the inherent right of Indians to practice their religions | group_2 |
9,154 | 1962 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable supports. | group_2 |
9,155 | 1974 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | of expanding the restitution of religious and communal properties, including establishing a legal framework for the completion of such restitution in the future | group_2 |
9,156 | 1974 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | of safeguarding religious liberty throughout Ukraine | group_2 |
9,157 | 2016 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | or justifying the killing or harming of Jews (often in the name of a radical ideology or an extremist view of religion) | group_2 |
9,158 | 1950 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | "other gross violations of internationally recognized human rights committed against individuals in any foreign country who seek to obtain, exercise, defend, or promote internationally recognized human rights and freedoms, such as the freedoms of religion, expression, association, and assembly, and the rights to a fair trial and democratic elections | group_2 |
9,159 | 2001 | religion | implicit | BillSum Dataset | other internal policies and practices that either facially discriminate against or otherwise discourage or disadvantage the participation of faith-based and other community organizations | group_2 |
9,160 | 1952 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | "Otherwise the State and religion would be aliens to each other--hostile, suspicious, and even unfriendly | group_2 |
9,161 | 2015 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | particularly those individuals who seek to obtain, exercise, defend, or promote internationally recognized human rights and freedoms, such as the freedoms of religion, expression, association, and assembly, and the rights to a fair trial and democratic elections | group_2 |
9,162 | 1998 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | persecutes those who seek to freely practice their religion | group_2 |
9,163 | 2016 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | policies, initiatives, and investments, including the development of national Internet plans, that are consistent with United States human rights goals, including freedom of expression, religion, and association | group_2 |
9,164 | 2017 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Prohibition on denying admission or entry because of religion. | group_2 |
9,165 | 2016 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | promote and protect human rights online, such as the freedoms of speech, assembly, association, religion, and belief, through resolutions, public statements, projects, and initiatives, and advocating that other member states of such bodies are held accountable when major violations are uncovered | group_2 |
9,166 | 1995 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | promote religious discrimination if the company's workforce has historically been disproportionately drawn from another religious group. | group_2 |
9,167 | 2014 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | protect child welfare service providers' exercise of religion and to ensure that governmental entities will not be able to force those providers, either directly or indirectly, to discontinue all or some of their child welfare services because they decline to provide a child welfare service that conflicts, or under circumstances that conflict, with their sincerely held religious beliefs or moral convictions | group_2 |
9,168 | 1984 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | protects the rights to free speech, press, assembly, and religion | group_2 |
9,169 | 2015 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | protects, the human rights of the people of Cuba, including returning estates and properties confiscated from churches and religious communities | group_2 |
9,170 | 1994 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | providing that all job openings be advertised publicly and providing that special recruitment efforts be made to attract applicants from underrepresented religious groups | group_2 |
9,171 | 1994 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | providing that layoff, recall, and termination procedures do not favor a particular religious group | group_2 |
9,172 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | recognize and respect the freedom of the individual to profess and practice, alone or in community with others, religion or belief acting in accordance with the dictates of his own conscience | group_2 |
9,173 | 1993 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | recognizing free exercise of religion as an unalienable right, secured its protection in the First Amendment to the Constitution | group_2 |
9,174 | 2018 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | regarding the obligations of schools (including colleges) under title VI to address incidents involving religious discrimination | group_2 |
9,175 | 1952 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged | group_2 |
9,176 | 2003 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | religious institutions and the literature they distribute teach a message of hate and intolerance that provides an ideological basis for anti-Western terrorism | group_2 |
9,177 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | "requires religious groups seeking recognition to undergo government surveillance for at least 10, or up to 20, years to prove legitimacy to government officials | group_2 |
9,178 | 2015 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | restrictions on the right to freedom of religion and the ability to exercise peaceful religious practice, in public and private | group_2 |
9,179 | 2015 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | result in the physical destruction of tribal sacred areas and deprive American Indians from practicing their religions | group_2 |
9,180 | 2016 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall grant priority consideration to such applicants whose claims are based on persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution based on religion by reason of those applicants being practitioners of a minority religion in the country from which they sought refuge | group_2 |
9,181 | 1998 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall ensure that the purpose of a grant under this section is secular, does not promote religion, and seeks to protect those qualities that are historically significant | group_2 |
9,182 | 2001 | religion | implicit | BillSum Dataset | shall encourage faith-based and community initiatives and work to eliminate improper Federal barriers so as to allow faith-based and community entities to compete for Federal funding to the fullest opportunity permitted by law | group_2 |
9,183 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall issue travel advisories on countries which discriminate on the basis of religion or belief | group_2 |
9,184 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall raise violations of freedom of thought, conscience, religion, or belief at every appropriate level with representatives of European countries that have failed to implement their international commitments and obligations in this regard | group_2 |
9,185 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | shall train United States human rights monitors stationed at European posts to identify, investigate, and monitor persecution and discrimination on the basis of religion or belief | group_2 |
9,186 | 2001 | religion | implicit | BillSum Dataset | shall work to expand the role of faith-based and community initiatives through executive action, legislation, regulation, and Federal and private funding | group_2 |
9,187 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | should be able to use its facilities to provide social services supported with Federal financial assistance, without removing or altering religious art, icons, scriptures, or other symbols from these facilities | group_2 |
9,188 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | should be prohibited from discriminating against beneficiaries or potential beneficiaries of the services it provides on the basis of religion, religious belief, refusal to hold a religious belief, or refusal to participate in a religious practice | group_2 |
9,189 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | should raise at such meetings the issue of laws, regulations, and other practices in the members countries which infringe upon freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief | group_2 |
9,190 | 2004 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | subjected leaders and members of select ethnic and religious minorities to harassment, including the imposition of heavy fines and denying permission to meet for religious services | group_2 |
9,191 | 1994 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | Such regulations shall be adopted only after consultation with representatives of traditional Indian religions for which the sacramental use of peyote is integral to their practice | group_2 |
9,192 | 2001 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | take effective measures to prevent and eliminate discrimination against individuals or communities on the grounds of religion | group_2 |
9,193 | 1992 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | takes action to restrict the emigration of Jews or Christians or otherwise discriminates against Jews or Christians on the basis of their religion | group_2 |
9,194 | 1962 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | The civil rights of none shall be abridged on account of religious belief or worship, nor shall any national religion be established | group_2 |
9,195 | 2001 | religion | implicit | BillSum Dataset | the barriers to the full participation of faith-based and community initiatives in the delivery of social services | group_2 |
9,196 | 1957 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | the colonial government issued an ordinance that formally banned the practice of all religions outside of the Dutch Reformed Church | group_2 |
9,197 | 2001 | religion | implicit | BillSum Dataset | The Director shall encourage faith-based and community initiatives and work to eliminate improper Federal barriers so as to allow faith-based and community entities to compete for Federal funding to the fullest opportunity permitted by law | group_2 |
9,198 | 2008 | religion | implicit | BillSum Dataset | The establishment of, or increased support for alliances with faith-based organizations to improve the recruitment and support of resource parents | group_2 |
9,199 | 1991 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | The executive director shall collect information with respect to complaints filed under section 8 or under procedures described in section 11(a) or 12(a), including discrimination on the basis of religion | group_2 |
9,200 | 1962 | religion | explicit | BillSum Dataset | The Federal Government was prohibited from enacting any laws which would favor one religious denomination over another and the Federal Government has no power to forbid or prohibit any mention of religion | group_2 |
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