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Abstract | What was the peak position in the UK for 'She Will Be Loved'? | She Will Be Loved | false | 0MUSIC
| [
2
] | [
"\"She Will Be Loved\" is the third single on the American band Maroon 5's 2002 debut album, \"Songs About Jane\".",
"Released in 2004, the single peaked at #5 in the United States, and by December 2012 had sold more than 2,722,000 digital downloads.",
"It peaked at #4 in the United Kingdom.",
"In Australia, it reached #1, a position it held for 5 non-consecutive weeks.",
"The single is noted for its music video starring Kelly Preston.",
"The song proved as successful as the band's previous hits, \"This Love\" and \"Harder to Breathe\", hitting number 1 on the Mainstream Top 40 and Adult Top 40 charts, but it prompted many alternative radio outlets to remove Maroon 5 from their playlists, on the ground that the band's newer songs were too light for alt-rock audiences.",
"These stations continued to play \"Harder to Breathe\" and \"This Love\", but Maroon 5's newer hits were played only on pop and adult contemporary stations."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | How many themed sections are in the park? | Tokyo Disneyland | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"There are seven themed areas in the park: the World Bazaar; the four classic Disney lands: Adventureland, Westernland, Fantasyland and Tomorrowland; and two mini-lands: Critter Country and Mickey's Toontown.",
"Many of the games and rides in these areas mirror those in the original Disneyland as they are based on American Disney films and fantasies.",
"Fantasyland includes Peter Pan's Flight, Snow White's Scary Adventures, Dumbo the Flying Elephant, and more based on classic Disney films and characters.",
"The park is noted for its extensive open spaces, to accommodate the large crowds that visit the park.",
"In 2009, Tokyo Disneyland hosted approximately 13.65 million guests, ranking it as the third-most visited theme park in the world, behind its American sister parks, Magic Kingdom in Orlando and Disneyland Park in Anaheim.",
"In 2011, the park hosted 14 million visitors, again ranking it as the world's third most visited theme park."
] | [
5
] |
Music video | Who was in the UK video for this song Chasing Cars | Chasing Cars | true | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"There are two music videos: one for UK, one for the US.",
"In the music video for UK, Gary Lightbody lies on open ground as cameras film him from different angles.",
"It starts raining, splashing his face and hands.",
"Gary enters a pool of water next to him and in the end of the video, he gets out of the water, rises on his feet and looks up at the camera as it zooms out overhead.",
"In the US music video, Lightbody is shown lying down in busy places while singing.",
"People ignore him and step over him.",
"Among the places he lies are a diner, an intersection, at the top of an escalator, in a subway car, at the top of a hill overlooking a highway, and at the end on a bed."
] | [
3
] |
Tactics | What is the driver's function in tug of war? | Tug of war | true | 4SPORT
| [
2
] | [
"Aside from the raw muscle power needed for tug of war, it is also a technical sport.",
"The cooperation or \"rhythm\" of team members play an equally important role in victory, if not more, than their physical strength.",
"To achieve this, a person called a \"driver\" is used to harmonize the team's joint traction power.",
"He moves up and down next to his team pulling on the rope, giving orders to them when to pull and when to rest (called \"hanging\").",
"If he spots the opponents tries to pull his team away, he gives a \"hang\" command, each member will dig into the grass with his/her boots and movement of the rope is limited.",
"When the opponents are played out, he shouts \"pull\" and rhythmically waves his hat or handkerchief for his team to pull together.",
"Slowly but surely, the other team is forced into surrender by a runaway pull."
] | [
0
] |
RNA genomes | How can the RNa viral genome spread to other cells? | RNA | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
2
] | [
" genomes.",
"Like DNA, RNA can carry genetic information.",
"RNA viruses have genomes composed of RNA that encodes a number of proteins.",
"The viral genome is replicated by some of those proteins, while other proteins protect the genome as the virus particle moves to a new host cell.",
"Viroids are another group of pathogens, but they consist only of RNA, do not encode any protein and are replicated by a host plant cell's polymerase."
] | [
5
] |
Production | When are maples usually tapped? | Maple syrup | true | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"Maple syrup production is centred in northeastern North America; however, given the correct weather conditions, it can be made wherever suitable species of maple trees grow.",
"A maple syrup production farm is called a \"sugarbush\" or \"sugarwood\".",
"Sap is often boiled in a \"sugar house\" (also known as a \"sugar shack,\" \"sugar shanty,\" or \"cabane à sucre\"), a building louvered at the top to vent the steam from the boiling sap.",
"Maples are usually tapped beginning at 30 to 40 years of age.",
"Each tree can support between one and three taps, depending on its trunk diameter.",
"The average maple tree will produce of sap per season, up to per day.",
"This is roughly equal to 7% of its total sap.",
"Seasons last for four to eight weeks, depending on the weather.",
"During the day, starch stored in the roots for the winter rises through the trunk as sugary sap, allowing it to be tapped.",
"Sap is not tapped at night because the temperature drop inhibits sap flow, although taps are typically left in place overnight.",
"Some producers also tap in autumn, though this practice is less common than spring tapping.",
"Maples can continue to be tapped for sap until they are over 100 years old."
] | [
2
] |
Abstract | What was the world's 5th-best selling single of 2012? | Payphone (song) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
13
] | [
"Payphone (song)\"Payphone\" is a song performed by the American pop rock band Maroon 5 featuring American rapper Wiz Khalifa.",
"The song was released on April 17, 2012, as the lead single from their fourth studio album, \"Overexposed\" (2012).",
"The song was written by Adam Levine, Benny Blanco, Ammar Malik, Robopop, Shellback and Khalifa and produced by Blanco and Shellback.",
"The song is a pop ballad and it talks about a romance that is no more.",
"The song has received favorable reviews from music critics, who praised the catchy melody and named it \"a radio success\", but some others dismissed Khalifa's appearance and its title.",
"The official music video, directed by Samuel Bayer, finds Levine taking down some bank robbers and attempting to become the \"hero\" in a hail of bullets as he makes his escape, steals a gun from a robber and then gets mistaken for one.",
"Because of this, he must escape from a fleet of policemen, which he does with ease.",
"The video was positively received from critics, who considered it an enjoyable mini-action movie.",
"The video was nominated for an MTV Video Music Award for Best Pop Video, but lost out to \"What Makes You Beautiful\" by One Direction.",
"On the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, the song debuted at the number three spot before peaking at number two.",
"The song sold 493,000 copies in its first week, becoming the best sales week for a digital song by a group and also the eleventh-best sales week overall.",
"It also reached number one on the Canadian Hot 100 chart and stayed at the top for eight consecutive weeks.",
"It also topped the UK Singles Chart, making it the band's first ever single to do so.",
"\"Payphone\" was the world's fifth best-selling single of 2012 with 9.5 million copies sold."
] | [
0
] |
Conflicts | What album was recorded a year before let it be? | Let It Be | true | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"The rehearsals and recording sessions for the album did not run smoothly.",
"The acrimony that began during the recording of the previous year's \"White Album\" resumed soon after the rehearsals began.",
"The Beatles were not getting along, and Lennon and McCartney weren't working together as before.",
"McCartney assumed the role of the leader, while a laid back Lennon was more interested in spending time/making music with his soon-to-be wife Yoko Ono, who was now present in the studio with him at all times.",
"All of the factors led to friction within the band.",
"At one point, Harrison walked out and quit the group after several arguments with McCartney and a severe fall-out with Lennon, due to the former's perfectionism and the latter's growing lack of interest in the band.",
"Harrison was eventually coaxed back a few days later.",
"The film version is famous for showcasing a number of conflicts between the group members and has frequently been referred to as a documentary intended to show the making of an album but instead showing \"the break-up of a band\"."
] | [
0
] |
Politics | How long has been Budersat been controlled by the Christian Democratic Party of Germany? | Germany | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
11
] | [
"Germany is a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic republic.",
"The German political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1949 constitutional document known as the \"Grundgesetz\" (Basic Law).",
"Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both chambers of parliament; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the separation of powers, the federal structure, and the rule of law are valid in perpetuity.",
"The president is the head of state and invested primarily with representative responsibilities and powers.",
"He is elected by the \"Bundesversammlung\" (federal convention), an institution consisting of the members of the \"Bundestag\" and an equal number of state delegates.",
"The second-highest official in the German order of precedence is the \"Bundestagspräsident\" (President of the \"Bundestag\"), who is elected by the \"Bundestag\" and responsible for overseeing the daily sessions of the body.",
"The third-highest official and the head of government is the Chancellor, who is appointed by the \"Bundespräsident\" after being elected by the \"Bundestag\".",
"The chancellor, currently Angela Merkel, is the head of government and exercises executive power, similar to the role of a Prime Minister in other parliamentary democracies.",
"Federal legislative power is vested in the parliament consisting of the \"Bundestag\" (Federal Diet) and \"Bundesrat\" (Federal Council), which together form the legislative body.",
"The \"Bundestag\" is elected through direct elections, by proportional representation (mixed-member).",
"The members of the \"Bundesrat\" represent the governments of the sixteen federated states and are members of the state cabinets.",
"Since 1949, the party system has been dominated by the Christian Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party of Germany.",
"So far every chancellor has been a member of one of these parties.",
"However, the smaller liberal Free Democratic Party (which had members in the Bundestag from 1949 to 2013) and the Alliance '90/The Greens (which has had seats in parliament since 1983) have also played important roles.",
"Minor parties such as The Left, Free Voters and the Pirate Party are represented in some state parliaments."
] | [
5
] |
Attractions | How large is the projection at Stone Mountain? | Stone Mountain | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
8,
9,
10
] | [
"The Park features several attractions that are operated by Herschend Family Entertainment Corporation.",
"On summer evenings the mountain hosts the Stone Mountain Laser Show Spectacular, which uses popular and classic music to entertain park guests with a large fireworks and laser light display.",
"The colorful lightshow of lasers project moving images of the Deep South as well as Georgia history onto the Confederate Memorial carving on the side of the mountain.",
"The American Civil War is acknowledged, but the strength of a reunited country concludes the message, with Sandi Patti singing the Star Spangled Banner.",
"There are still old favorites included with the show, “Devil Went down to Georgia” and \"An American Trilogy\".",
"There have been several additions to the show for its 25th anniversary.",
"During Memorial Day Weekend of 2011, Stone Mountain unveiled their biggest overhaul ever of the laser show, dubbed Mountainvision.",
"This incorporates digital projectors, lasers, special effects, and pyrotechnics into an incredible experience.",
"The projection is 5 times larger than an IMAX screen and taller than the Statue Of Liberty.",
"The Skyride is a Swiss-built cable car to the summit of the mountain which passes by the carving on the way up.",
"The Riverboat offers a scenic cruise aboard a reproduction Mississippi riverboat on 363 acre (147 ha) Stone Mountain Lake.",
"(UPDATE: The Riverboat, which used to be one of Stone Mountain Park's attractions to all guests, has been retired.",
")The Antebellum Plantation is a collection of historic buildings relocated from around the state of Georgia, including 3 plantation manor houses dating from 1794, 1850 and 1845, two slave cabins, a barn and other outbuildings.",
"The Plantation Farmyard features historic breeds of sheep, goats and pigs that guests can pet.",
"Crossroads is a recreation of an 1872 southern town with several attractions including a modern 4-D movie theater, an adventure mini-golf course, a duck tour ride, stores and restaurants.",
"Crafts demonstrators include glass blowing and candy making.",
"Other attractions in this area include:The Great Barn is a children's activity area that features 65 interactive games, climbing structures, trampoline floors, slides and more.",
"Sky Hike is a family ropes adventure course.",
"Guests can choose their own path and level of challenge.",
"Geyser Towers is a playground featuring a large fountain at the entrance, so guests have the option of climbing through the course or getting wet."
] | [
5
] |
Hellenistic and Roman periods (323 BC–4th century AD) | Who said of Greece, "Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit"? | Greece | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
6
] | [
"Hellenistic and Roman periods (323 BC–4th century AD).",
"After a period of confusion following Alexander's death, the Antigonid dynasty, descended from one of Alexander's generals, established its control over Macedon by 276 BC, as well as hegemony over most of the Greek city-states.",
"From about 200 BC the Roman Republic became increasingly involved in Greek affairs and engaged in a series of wars with Macedon.",
"Macedon's defeat at the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC signaled the end of Antigonid power in Greece.",
"In 146 BC Macedonia was annexed as a province by Rome, and the rest of Greece became a Roman protectorate.",
"The process was completed in 27 BC when the Roman Emperor Augustus annexed the rest of Greece and constituted it as the senatorial province of Achaea.",
"Despite their military superiority, the Romans admired and became heavily influenced by the achievements of Greek culture, hence Horace's famous statement: \"Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit\" (\"Greece, although captured, took its wild conqueror captive\").",
"Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period.",
"Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were generally Greek-speaking, though none were from Greece.",
"Greece itself had a tendency to cling on to paganism and was not one of the influential centers of early Christianity: in fact, some ancient Greek religious practices remained in vogue until the end of the 4th century, with some areas such as the southeastern Peloponnese remaining pagan until well into the 10th century AD."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | Who is the character portrayed by Matthew McConaughey in Dallas Buyers Club? | Dallas Buyers Club | false | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film, directed by Jean-Marc Vallée and written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack.",
"Matthew McConaughey stars as the real-life AIDS patient Ron Woodroof, who smuggled unapproved pharmaceutical drugs into Texas when he found them effective at improving his symptoms, distributing them to fellow sufferers by establishing the \"Dallas Buyers Club\" while facing opposition from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).",
"\"Dallas Buyers Club\" premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically on November 1, 2013, entering wide release on November 22.",
"The film received acclaim from critics, and won numerous accolades – most recognizing the performances of McConaughey and Jared Leto, including the Academy Award for Best Actor and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, making it the first film since \"Mystic River\" (2003) to win both awards.",
"It also won Best Makeup and Hairstyling at the 86th Academy Awards, and received a nomination for Best Picture.",
"it grossed over $32 million in box office revenue against a budget of $5 million."
] | [
3
] |
Main Street, U.S.A. | What stop replaced the Mickey's Toontown Fair in 2012? | Magic Kingdom | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
16
] | [
"Symbolically, Main Street, U.S.A. represents the park's \"opening credits,\" where guests pass under the train station (the opening curtain,) then view the names of key personnel along the windows of the buildings' upper floors.",
"Many windows bear the name of a fictional business, such as \"Seven Summits Expeditions, Frank G. Wells President\", with each representing a tribute to significant people connected to the Disney company and the development of the Walt Disney World Resort.",
"It features stylistic influences from around the country.",
"Taking its inspiration from New England to Missouri, this design is most noticeable in the four corners in the middle of Main Street, where each of the four corner buildings represents a different architectural style.",
"There is no opera house as there is at Disneyland; instead, there is the Town Square Theater.",
"Also, this is where Christopher George Weaver, the \"mayor\" of Main Street U.S.A., and one of the park's most important figures, resides.",
"Main Street is lined with shops selling merchandise and food.",
"The decor is early-20th century small-town America, inspired by Walt Disney's childhood and the film \"Lady and the Tramp\".",
"City Hall contains the Guest Relations lobby, where cast members provide information and assistance.",
"A working barber shop gives haircuts for a fee.",
"The Emporium carries a wide variety of Disney souvenirs such as plush toys, collectible pins and Mickey-ear hats.",
"Tony’s Town Square Restaurant and The Plaza Restaurant are table-service locations.",
"At the end of Main Street is Casey's Corner, where guests enjoy traditional American ballpark fare including hot dogs and fries while watching old cartoons on the bleachers.",
"The Main Street Confectionary sells sweets priced by their weight, such as candied apples, crisped rice treats, chocolates, cookies and fudge.",
"Most windows bear the name of people who were influential at Disney parks.",
"An example of a classic Main Street, U.S.A. attraction is the narrow gauge Walt Disney World Railroad, which transports guest throughout the park, making stops at Main Street, U.S.A., Fantasyland, and Frontierland.",
"The railroad's previous stop at Mickey's Toontown Fair was replaced by the Fantasyland stop in 2012.",
"Main Street, U.S.A. also has the Main Street Vehicles attraction, which includes a narrow gauge tramway with horse-drawn streetcars, and several old-fashioned motor vehicles.",
"In the distance beyond the end of Main Street stands Cinderella Castle.",
"Though only 189 feet (55m) tall, it benefits from a technique known as forced perspective.",
"The second stories of all the buildings along Main Street are shorter than the first stories, and the third stories are even shorter than the second, and the top windows of the castle are much smaller than they appear.",
"The resulting visual effect is that the buildings appear to be larger and taller than they really are.",
"The park contains two additional tributes: the \"Partners\" statue of Walt Disney and Mickey Mouse in front of Cinderella Castle and the \"Sharing the Magic\" statue of Roy O. Disney sitting with Minnie Mouse in the Town Square section of Main Street, U.S.A.",
"Both were sculpted by veteran Imagineer Blaine Gibson.",
"In 2012, Disney replaced the shop in the Firehouse with a sign up for the Sorcerers of the Magic Kingdom game."
] | [
0
] |
Surveys of public opinion | how many people believe global warning is a major concern? | Global warming | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
14
] | [
"Researchers at the University of Michigan have found that the public's belief as to the causes of global warming depends on the wording choice used in the polls.",
"In 2007–2008 Gallup Polls surveyed 127 countries.",
"Over a third of the world's population was unaware of global warming, with people in developing countries less aware than those in developed, and those in Africa the least aware.",
"Of those aware, Latin America leads in belief that temperature changes are a result of human activities while Africa, parts of Asia and the Middle East, and a few countries from the Former Soviet Union lead in the opposite belief.",
"There is a significant contrast of the opinions of the concept and the appropriate response between Europe and the United States.",
"Nick Pidgeon of Cardiff University said that \"results show the different stages of engagement about global warming on each side of the Atlantic\", adding, \"The debate in Europe is about what action needs to be taken, while many in the US still debate whether climate change is happening.\"",
"A 2010 poll by the Office of National Statistics found that 75% of UK respondents were at least \"fairly convinced\" that the world's climate is changing, compared to 87% in a similar survey in 2006.",
"A January 2011 ICM poll in the UK found 83% of respondents viewed climate change as a current or imminent threat, while 14% said it was no threat.",
"Opinion was unchanged from an August 2009 poll asking the same question, though there had been a slight polarisation of opposing views.",
"By 2010, with 111 countries surveyed, Gallup determined that there was a substantial decrease in the number of Americans and Europeans who viewed global warming as a serious threat.",
"In the US, a little over half the population (53%) now viewed it as a serious concern for either themselves or their families; this was 10% below the 2008 poll (63%).",
"Latin America had the biggest rise in concern, with 73% saying global warming was a serious threat to their families.",
"That global poll also found that people are more likely to attribute global warming to human activities than to natural causes, except in the USA where nearly half (47%) of the population attributed global warming to natural causes.",
"A March–May 2013 survey by Pew Research Center for the People & the Press polled 39 countries about global threats.",
"According to 54% of those questioned, global warming featured top of the perceived global threats.",
"In a January 2013 survey, Pew found that 69% of Americans say there is solid evidence that the Earth's average temperature has been getting warmer over the past few decades, up six points since November 2011 and 12 points since 2009."
] | [
5
] |
Production | how long was Orange is the new blacks first season? | Orange Is the New Black | true | 1TV
| [
1
] | [
"In July 2011, it was announced that Lionsgate Television and Netflix were negotiating adding \"Orange Is the New Black\", based on Piper Kerman's memoir, to the Netflix original series lineup.",
"Netflix finalized the deal as a 13-episode straight-to-web series.",
"Casting announcements began in August 2012, with Taylor Schilling the first to be cast, in the lead role as Piper Chapman, followed by Jason Biggs as Piper's fiancé Larry Bloom.",
"Laura Prepon and Yael Stone were next to join the series, along with Laverne Cox, an African-American transgender woman, as Sophia Burset, a transgender character.",
"\"The Advocate\" touted that \"Orange Is the New Black\" contains the first ever women-in-prison narrative to be played by a real transgender woman.",
"\"This American Life\" host Ira Glass was offered a role as a public radio host but declined.",
"The role instead went to Robert Stanton, who plays the fictional host Maury Kind.",
"The series was created and executive produced by Jenji Kohan, whose credits include \"Tracey Takes On...\", \"Mad About You\", \"Sex and the City\" and \"Weeds\".",
"The first season's production began in the fall of 2012.",
"The series' main title theme song, \"You've Got Time\", was recorded by Regina Spektor for the show and became available for online streaming July 9, 2013.",
"It began filming in Rockland County, New York on March 7, 2013.",
"Jodie Foster directed the third episode of the first series.",
"On June 27, 2013, Netflix renewed the show for a second season."
] | [
5
] |
Provinces and cities | Which body made the Persepolis citadel a World Heritage Site in 1979? | Iran | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
27
] | [
"Iran is divided into thirty one provinces (\"ostān\"), each governed by an appointed governor (استاندار, ostāndār).",
"The provinces are divided into counties (\"shahrestān\"), and subdivided into districts (\"bakhsh\") and sub-districts (\"dehestān\").",
"Iran has one of the highest urban growth rates in the world.",
"From 1950 to 2002, the urban proportion of the population increased from 27% to 60%.",
"The United Nations predicts that by 2030, 80% of the population will be urban.",
"Most internal migrants have settled near the cities of Tehran, Isfahan, Ahvaz, and Qom.",
"The listed populations are from the 2006/07 (1385 AP) census.",
"Tehran, with a population of 7,705,036, is the largest city in Iran and is the capital.",
"Tehran, like many big cities, suffers from severe air pollution.",
"It is the hub of the country's communication and transport network.",
"Mashhad, with a population of 2,410,800, is the second largest Iranian city and the centre of the Razavi Khorasan Province.",
"Mashhad is one of the holiest Shia cities in the world as it is the site of the Imam Reza shrine.",
"It is the centre of tourism in Iran, and between 15 and 20 million pilgrims go to the Imam Reza's shrine every year.",
"Another major Iranian city is Isfahan (population 1,583,609), which is the capital of Isfahan Province.",
"The Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.",
"The city contains a wide variety of Islamic architectural sites ranging from the 11th to the 19th century.",
"The growth of the suburban area around the city has turned Isfahan into Iran's second most populous metropolitan area (3,430,353).",
"The fourth major city of Iran is Tabriz (population 1,378,935), the capital of the East Azerbaijan Province.",
"It is also the second industrial city of Iran after Tehran.",
"Tabriz had been the second largest city in Iran until the late 1960s and one of its former capitals and residence of the crown prince under the Qajar dynasty.",
"The city has proven extremely influential in the country’s recent history.",
"The fifth major city is Karaj (population 1,377,450), located in Alborz Province and situated 20 km west of Tehran, at the foot of the Alborz mountains; however, the city is increasingly becoming an extension of metropolitan Tehran.",
"The sixth major Iranian city is Shiraz (population 1,214,808); it is the capital of Fars Province.",
"The Elamite civilization to the west greatly influenced the area, which soon came to be known as Persis.",
"The ancient Persians were present in the region from about the 9th century BCE, and became rulers of a large empire under the Achaemenid dynasty in the 6th century BCE.",
"The ruins of Persepolis and Pasargadae, two of the four capitals of the Achaemenid Empire, are located in or near Shiraz.",
"Persepolis was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire and is situated northeast of modern Shiraz.",
"UNESCO declared the citadel of Persepolis a World Heritage Site in 1979."
] | [] |
Covers and samples | When did the song "Chasing Cars" air on the trance radio show "A State of Trance?" | Chasing Cars | false | 0MUSIC
| [
3
] | [
"It was covered by The Baseballs for their re-released album Strike!",
"Back!",
"A trance version of the song was remixed by Blake Jarrell & Topher Jones.",
"It aired on the trance radio show \"A State of Trance\" episode 262 on 17 August 2006.",
"It was later voted to be the 12th best track played on \"A State of Trance\" in 2006 by the listeners.",
"The song was also used in a mashup by Party Ben, who combined the song with \"Every Breath You Take\" by The Police for the movie \"Just Go With It\".",
"In 2008, Kate Ceberano recorded a version for her album So Much Beauty.",
"It also featured in the Grey's Anatomy episode \"Song Beneath The Song\", sung by Callie Torres' spirit, Owen Hunter and Miranda Bailey."
] | [
2
] |
History | The first major competition in Nordic combined took place in 1892 at the first annual Holmenkollen Ski Festival in Oslo. | Nordic combined | true | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"Norwegian soldiers are known to have been competing in Nordic skiing since the 19th century.",
"The first major competition in Nordic combined was held in 1892 in Oslo at the first Holmenkollen Ski Festival, an event still held annually.",
"In Norway, popularity of the Holmenkollen, and Nordic combined in general, was great.",
"It is still held in all Winter Olympics.",
"There is currently no women's competition sanctioned by the International Ski Federation.",
"The sport was included at the 1924 Winter Olympics, and has been on the programme ever since.",
"World Championships have been held since 1925.",
"Traditionally, Norway has always delivered top athletes in the sport, but Finland, Germany, Austria, and France are also among the top nations in the Nordic combined."
] | [] |
Overview and production | What actress plays Dr. Megan Hunt? | Body of Proof | true | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"The series stars Dana Delany as Dr. Megan Hunt, a medical examiner.",
"The show focuses on Hunt's efforts to balance the demands of her professional life, dealing with solving cases and analyzing bodies, with her personal life, trying to reconnect with her estranged daughter.",
"Hunt was a top-flight neurosurgeon, until she had a life-changing automobile accident and then accidentally killed a patient on the operating table.",
"This resulted in her resignation, and retirement from the profession altogether.",
"Though set in Philadelphia, the first season of \"Body of Proof\" was filmed in Providence, Rhode Island and some other locations including Woonsocket and Warwick, Rhode Island.",
"The series was originally titled \"Body of Evidence\" but was later renamed \"Body of Proof\".",
"It was announced that the second season of the show would be filmed in Los Angeles to take advantage of a $7 million tax credit.",
"\"Body of Proof\" is the third ABC television series starring Dana Delany in a main character role, the first being the role of Colleen McMurphy in \"China Beach\" and the second being Katherine Mayfair in \"Desperate Housewives\".",
"While filming, real life technical advisers made sure that the procedures were correct.",
"Jeri Ryan said, \"We've got technical advisers that will be with us on set, so we can keep all of science realistic\"."
] | [
0
] |
Cast | Which actor plays Hank in the film Before Midnight? | Before Midnight (film) | false | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
" Ethan Hawke as Jesse",
" Julie Delpy as Céline",
" Seamus Davey-Fitzpatrick as Hank",
" Jennifer Prior as Ella",
" Charlotte Prior as Nina",
" Xenia Kalogeropoulou as Natalia",
" Walter Lassally as Patrick",
" Ariane Labed as Anna",
" Yiannis Papadopoulos as Achilleas",
" Athina Rachel Tsangari as Ariadni",
" Panos Koronis as Stefanos"
] | [] |
Occupation | What is the name of the treaty that called for an immediate evacuation of German troops from Belgium, France, and Luxembourg within fifteen days and established that Allied forces would occupy the Rhineland? | Treaty of Versailles | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0,
1
] | [
"The terms of the armistice called for an immediate evacuation of German troops from Belgium, France, and Luxembourg within fifteen days.",
"In addition, it established that Allied forces would occupy the Rhineland.",
"In late 1918, Allied troops entered Germany and began the occupation."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Who were the main subjects modeled after in the famous "American Gothic" painting? | American Gothic | true | 3ART
| [
2
] | [
"American Gothic is a painting by Grant Wood in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.",
"Wood's inspiration came from what is now known as the American Gothic House, and his decision to paint the house along with \"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\"",
"The painting shows a farmer standing beside his spinster daughter.",
"The figures were modeled by the artist's sister and their dentist.",
"The woman is dressed in a colonial print apron evoking 19th-century Americana, and the couple are in the traditional roles of men and women, the man's pitchfork symbolizing hard labor, and the flowers over the woman's right shoulder suggesting domesticity.",
"It is one of the most familiar images in 20th-century American art, and has been widely parodied in American popular culture."
] | [
3
] |
Promotion and release | What late night show did Snow Patrol perform the song on? | Chasing Cars | false | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"Snow Patrol played \"Chasing Cars\" on an appearance on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\".",
"The song was also performed as the last live performance on long-running music programme \"Top of the Pops\".",
"The band also performed the song when they were the musical guest on the 17 March 2007 episode of \"Saturday Night Live\", hosted by Julia Louis-Dreyfus.",
"Additionally, the band played the song live in their appearance at Live Earth.",
"On 7 July 2007, this song was performed during the London leg of the Live Earth concert at Wembley Stadium and at Oxegen later on that night in Ireland.",
"\"Chasing Cars\" was heard on the TV show \"One Tree Hill'\"s third season finale episode \"The Show Must Go On\", which aired in the US on 3 May 2006.",
"Several weeks later, the song appeared on the second season finale of \"Grey's Anatomy\" on 15 May 2006, and the song found a larger listening audience and pushed its way onto the download and pop charts in the United States.",
"The song was made into a music video for the show, serving as a promotion for its third season.",
"The music video shows scenes from the first and second seasons as well as previously unseen scenes from the third season, with clips in-between from the UK music video of the song.",
"It was heard again in the eighteenth episode of the show's seventh season on 31 March 2011, along with the cast's cover of Brandi Carlile's \"The Story\" and The Fray's \"How to Save a Life\"."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | What is the weight of the Space Needle? | Space Needle | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
2
] | [
"The Space Needle is an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, a landmark of the Pacific Northwest, and a symbol of Seattle.",
"Built in the Seattle Center for the 1962 World's Fair, which drew over 2.3 million visitors, nearly 20,000 people a day used its elevators.",
"Once the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River, it is high, wide, and weighs 9,550 tons.",
"It is built to withstand winds of up to and earthquakes of up to 9.1 magnitude, as strong as the 1700 Cascadia earthquake.",
"It also has 25 lightning rods.",
"It has an observation deck at and a gift shop with the rotating SkyCity restaurant at .",
"From the top of the Needle, one can see not only the downtown Seattle skyline but also the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Elliott Bay, and surrounding islands.",
"Photographs of the Seattle skyline often show the Space Needle prominently, above the rest of the skyscrapers and Mount Rainier.",
"Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by elevators that travel at .",
"The trip takes 41 seconds, and some tourists wait in hour-long lines.",
"On windy days, the elevators slow to .",
"On April 19, 1999, the city's Landmarks Preservation Board designated it a historic landmark."
] | [
0
] |
Other organizations | When did the Commonwealth Games adopt Taekwondo as a sport? | Taekwondo | true | 4SPORT
| [
8
] | [
"American Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) competitions are very similar, except that different styles of pads and gear are allowed.",
"Apart from WTF and ITF tournaments, major taekwondo competitions (all featuring WTF taekwondo only) include:",
" Olympic Games",
" Universiade",
" Asian Games",
" South East Asian Games",
" South Asian Games",
"WTF taekwondo features in all multi-sport games except the Small Island Games.",
"It was accepted as a Commonwealth Games sport in June 2010."
] | [
2
] |
Homeostasis | what is homeostasis? | Biology | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Homeostasis is the ability of an open system to regulate its internal environment to maintain stable conditions by means of multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments controlled by interrelated regulation mechanisms.",
"All living organisms, whether unicellular or multicellular, exhibit homeostasis.",
"To maintain dynamic equilibrium and effectively carry out certain functions, a system must detect and respond to perturbations.",
"After the detection of a perturbation, a biological system normally responds through negative feedback.",
"This means stabilizing conditions by either reducing or increasing the activity of an organ or system.",
"One example is the release of glucagon when sugar levels are too low."
] | [
0
] |
Cultural legacy | Who does the cover illustrator pay tribute to on The Night Watch? | The Night Watch | false | 3ART
| [
11
] | [
" The work has inspired musical works in both the classical and rock traditions, including the second movement of Gustav Mahler's 7th Symphony and Ayreon's \"The Shooting Company of Captain Frans B. Cocq\" from \"\".",
" Alexander Korda's 1936 biographical film \"Rembrandt\" depicts the painting, shown in error in its truncated form, as a failure at its completion, perceived as lampooning its outraged subjects.",
" In King Crimson's song \"The Night Watch\", on its 1974 album \"Starless and Bible Black\", the lyricist Richard Palmer-James muses on the painting to capture a key period in Dutch history, when, after a long period of “Spanish Wars,” the merchants and other members of the bourgeoisie can turn their lives inward and focus on the tangible results of their lives’ efforts.",
"The song adopts a number of perspectives, including the primary subjects and the artist himself, and paints a mini-portrait of the emergence of the modern upper-middle class and the consumerist culture.",
"However, the song presents this portrait with a deft touch, and while not fully approving, is sympathetic in tone.",
" In Jean-Luc Godard's 1982 film, \"Passion\", \"The Night Watch\" is reenacted with live actors in an opening shot.",
"Godard explicitly compares his film to Rembrandt's painting, describing them both as \"full of holes and badly-filled spaces.\"",
"He instructs the viewer not to focus on the overall composition, but to approach his film as one would a Rembrandt and \"focus on the faces.",
"\"",
" \"The Night Watch\" is a major plot device in the eponymous 1995-film, Night Watch, which focuses on the painting's theft.",
" \"The Night Watch\" is parodied on the British cover of Terry Pratchett's 2002 book by the same name.",
"The cover illustrator, Paul Kidby, pays tribute to Rembrandt by placing him in the picture, in the position where Rembrandt is said to have painted himself.",
" \"The Night Watch\" is the subject of a 2007-film by director Peter Greenaway called \"Nightwatching\", in which the film posits a conspiracy within the musketeer regiment of Frans Banning Cocq and Willem van Ruytenburch, and suggests that Rembrandt may have immortalized a conspiracy theory using subtle allegory in his group portrait of the regiment, subverting what was to have been a highly prestigious commission for both painter and subject.",
"His 2008 film \"Rembrandt's J'Accuse\" is a sequel or follow-on, and covers the same idea, using extremely detailed analysis of the compositional elements in the painting; in this Greenaway describes \"The Night Watch\" as (currently) the fourth most famous painting in the Western world, after the Mona Lisa, the Last Supper and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.",
" In 2006 \"The Night Watch\" has inspired the literary work A Ronda da Noite by the famous Portuguese writer Agustina Bessa Luís."
] | [
3
] |
Cast | Who played Dr. Ryan Stone in the movie "Gravity"? | Gravity (film) | false | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
" Sandra Bullock as Dr. Ryan Stone, a medical engineer and mission specialist who is on her first space mission.",
" George Clooney as Lieutenant Matt Kowalski; the commander of the team.",
"Kowalski is a veteran astronaut planning to retire after the \"Explorer\" expedition.",
"He enjoys telling stories about himself and joking with his team, and is determined to protect the lives of his fellow astronauts.",
" Ed Harris (voice) as Mission Control in Houston, Texas.",
" Orto Ignatiussen (voice) as Aningaaq, a Greenlandic Inuit fisherman who intercepts one of Stone's transmissions.",
"Aningaaq also appears in a self-titled short written and directed by \"Gravity\" co-writer Jonás Cuarón, which depicts the conversation between him and Stone from his perspective.",
" Phaldut Sharma (voice) as Shariff Dasari, the flight engineer on board the \"Explorer\".",
" Amy Warren (voice) as the captain of \"Explorer\".",
" Basher Savage (voice) as the captain of the International Space Station."
] | [
3
] |
Rules and regulations | What is USGA? or Expand USGA? | Golf | true | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"The rules of golf are internationally standardised and are jointly governed by The R&A, spun off in 2004 from The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (founded 1754), and the United States Golf Association (USGA).",
"The underlying principle of the rules is fairness.",
"As stated on the back cover of the official rule book:",
"\"Play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you cannot do either, do what is fair.",
"\"",
"There are strict regulations regarding the amateur status of golfers.",
"Essentially, anybody who has ever received payment or compensation for giving instruction, or played golf for money, is not considered an amateur and may not participate in competitions limited solely to amateurs.",
"However, amateur golfers may receive expenses that comply with strict guidelines and they may accept non-cash prizes within the limits established by the Rules of Amateur Status.",
"In addition to the officially printed rules, golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette.",
"Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and a player's obligation to contribute to the care of the course.",
"Though there are no penalties for breach of etiquette rules, players generally follow the rules of golf etiquette in an effort to improve everyone's playing experience."
] | [
0
] |
Conching | Before conching, what is the texture of chocolate? | Chocolate | true | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"The penultimate process is called \"conching\".",
"A conche is a container filled with metal beads, which act as grinders.",
"The refined and blended chocolate mass is kept in a liquid state by frictional heat.",
"Chocolate prior to conching has an uneven and gritty texture.",
"The conching process produces cocoa and sugar particles smaller than the tongue can detect, hence the smooth feel in the mouth.",
"The length of the conching process determines the final smoothness and quality of the chocolate.",
"High-quality chocolate is conched for about 72 hours, lesser grades about four to six hours.",
"After the process is complete, the chocolate mass is stored in tanks heated to approximately until final processing."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | What is it called when a person uses a diving mask, snorkel and fins, to swim through a body of water? | Snorkeling | true | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"Snorkeling (British and Commonwealth English spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped tube called a snorkel, and usually fins.",
"In cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn.",
"Use of this equipment allows the snorkeler to observe underwater attractions for extended periods of time with relatively little effort.",
"Snorkeling is a popular recreational activity, particularly at tropical resort and scuba diving locations.",
"The primary appeal is the opportunity to observe underwater life in a natural setting without the complicated equipment and training required for scuba diving.",
"It appeals to all ages because of how little effort there is, and without the exhaled bubbles of scuba-diving equipment.",
"It is the basis of the two surface disciplines of the underwater sport of finswimming.",
"Snorkeling is also used by scuba divers when on the surface, in underwater sports such as underwater hockey and underwater rugby, and as part of water-based searches conducted by search and rescue teams."
] | [
2,
0
] |
Popular culture | What two films made in the 2000's were based on the vietnam war? | Vietnam War | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
4,
5
] | [
"The Vietnam War has been featured extensively in television, film, video games, and literature in the participant countries.",
"In American popular culture, the \"Crazy Vietnam Veteran\", driven mad or otherwise disturbed by his experiences in Vietnam, became a common stock character after the war.",
"One of the first major films based on the Vietnam War was John Wayne's pro-war film, \"The Green Berets\" (1968).",
"Further cinematic representations were released during the 1970s and 1980s, including Michael Cimino's \"The Deer Hunter\" (1978), Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), Oliver Stone's \"Platoon\" (1986) — based on his service in the U.S. Military during the Vietnam War, Stanley Kubrick's \"Full Metal Jacket\" (1987), \"Hamburger Hill\" (1987), and \"Casualties of War\" (1989).",
"Later films would include \"We Were Soldiers\" (2002) and \"Rescue Dawn\" (2007).",
"The war also influenced a generation of musicians and songwriters in Vietnam and the United States, both anti-war and pro/anti-communist.",
"The band Country Joe and the Fish recorded \"I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-To-Die Rag\" / The \"Fish\" Cheer in 1965, and it became one of the most influential anti-Vietnam protest anthems.",
"Trinh Cong Son was a South Vietnamese songwriter famous for his anti-war songs."
] | [
0
] |
Kashmir conflict | On what legal grounds does India claim the region of Kashmir? | Pakistan | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
6
] | [
"The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region, the most northwesterly region of South Asia.",
"The two countries have fought at least three wars over Kashmir—the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999—and several skirmishes over the Siachen Glacier.",
"India claims the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir and administers approximately 45.1% of the region, including most of Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, Ladakh, and the Siachen Glacier.",
"India's claim is contested by Pakistan, which controls approximately 38.2% of Kashmir, consisting of Azad Kashmir and the northern areas of Gilgit and Baltistan.",
"The conflict of Kashmir has its origin in 1947, when British India was separated into the two states of Pakistan and India.",
"As part of the partition process, both countries had agreed that the rulers of princely states would be allowed to opt for membership of either Pakistan or India, or in special cases to remain independent.",
"India claims Kashmir on the basis of the Instrument of Accession, a legal agreement with Kashmir's leaders executed by Maharaja Hari Singh, then ruler of Kashmir, agreeing to accede the area to India.",
"Pakistan claims Kashmir on the basis of a Muslim majority and of geography, the same principles that were applied for the creation of the two independent states.",
"India referred the dispute to the United Nations on 1 January 1948.",
"In a resolution in 1948, the UN asked Pakistan to remove most of its troops.",
"A plebiscite would then be held.",
"However, Pakistan failed to vacate the region.",
"A ceasefire was reached in 1949 and a Line of Control was established, dividing Kashmir between the two countries.",
"Pakistan's position is that the people of Jammu and Kashmir have the right to determine their future through impartial elections as mandated by the United Nations.",
"India has stated that it believes that Kashmir is an integral part of India, referring to the 1972 Simla Agreement and to the fact that elections take place regularly.",
"Certain Kashmiri independence groups believe that Kashmir should be independent of both India and Pakistan."
] | [
0
] |
Video games | Who developed the game "Despicable Me: Minion Rush"? | Despicable Me | false | 6MOVIES
| [
4
] | [
"A video game titled \"Despicable Me: The Game\" was released for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable and Wii.",
"A Nintendo DS version was released under the name \"Despicable Me: Minion Mayhem\".",
"Namco also released a version for the iPhone and iPad platform entitled \"Despicable Me: Minion Mania\", developed by Anino Games.",
"An application for iOSs and Androids was also released under the name \"Despicable Me: Minion Rush\".",
"It was developed by Gameloft and made available to the public in 2013."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | Why did the tower's tilt begin during construction? | Leaning Tower of Pisa | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
2
] | [
"The Leaning Tower of Pisa () or simply the Tower of Pisa (\"Torre di Pisa\") is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its unintended tilt to one side.",
"It is situated behind the Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in Pisa's Cathedral Square (\"Piazza del Duomo\") after the Cathedral and the Baptistry.",
"The tower's tilt began during construction, caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structure's weight.",
"The tilt increased in the decades before the structure was completed, and gradually increased until the structure was stabilized (and the tilt partially corrected) by efforts in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.",
"The height of the tower is from the ground on the low side and on the high side.",
"The width of the walls at the base is .",
"Its weight is estimated at .",
"The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase.",
"Prior to restoration work performed between 1990 and 2001, the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees, but the tower now leans at about 3.99 degrees.",
"This means that the top of the tower is displaced horizontally from where it would be if the structure were perfectly vertical."
] | [
1
] |
Information storage | How much data in kilobytes was the group able to encode? | DNA | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"In a paper published in Nature in January, 2013, scientists from the European Bioinformatics Institute and Agilent Technologies proposed a mechanism to use DNA's ability to code information as a means of digital data storage.",
"The group was able to encode 739 kilobytes of data into DNA code, synthesize the actual DNA, then sequence the DNA and decode the information back to its original form, with a reported 100% accuracy.",
"The encoded information consisted of text files and audio files.",
"A prior experiment was published in August 2012.",
"It was conducted by researchers at Harvard University, where the text of a 54,000-word book was encoded in DNA."
] | [
5
] |
Rocket teams assembled | When was Sergei Korolev arrested? | Space Race | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3
] | [
"The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation.",
"On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapons systems.",
"The Soviet rocket engineers were led by Sergei Korolev.",
"He had been involved in space clubs and early Soviet rocket design in the 1930s, but was arrested in 1938 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge and imprisoned for six years in Siberia.",
"After the war, he became the USSR's chief rocket and spacecraft engineer, essentially the Soviet counterpart to von Braun.",
"His identity was kept a state secret throughout the Cold War, and he was identified publicly only as \"the Chief Designer.\"",
"In the West, his name was only officially revealed when he died in 1966.",
"After almost a year in the area around Peenemünde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about northwest of Moscow.",
"They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missile design, but were used as problem-solving consultants to the Soviet engineers.",
"They helped in the following areas: the creation of a Soviet version of the A-4; work on \"organizational schemes\"; research in improving the A-4 main engine; development of a 100-ton engine; assistance in the \"layout\" of plant production rooms; and preparation of rocket assembly using German components.",
"With their help, particularly Helmut Groettrup's group, Korolev reverse-engineered the A-4 and built his own version of the rocket, the R-1, in 1948.",
"Later, he developed his own distinct designs, though many of these designs were influenced by the Groettrup Group's G4-R10 design from 1949.",
"The Germans were eventually repatriated in 1951–53.",
"In America, Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945.",
"They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation.",
"These tests led to the first rocket to take photos from outer space, and the first two-stage rocket, the WAC Corporal-V2 combination, in 1949.",
"The German rocket team was moved from Fort Bliss to the Army's new Redstone Arsenal, located in Huntsville, Alabama, in 1950.",
"From here, Von Braun and his team would develop the Army's first operational medium-range ballistic missile, the Redstone rocket, that would, in slightly modified versions, launch both America's first satellite, and the first piloted Mercury space missions.",
"It became the basis for both the Jupiter and Saturn family of rockets."
] | [
2
] |
Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone | What year did Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone at Universal Studios Florida open? | Universal Studios Florida | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
4
] | [
"Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone is the park's children's area named after Universal Studios' mascot, Woody Woodpecker.",
"The area was originally part of World Expo, but was divided into its own section with the opening of a junior roller coaster named \"Woody Woodpecker's Nuthouse Coaster\" in 1999.",
"In addition to the junior roller coaster, Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone is home to three attractions and three shows.",
"\"Fievel's Playland\" is a children's playground which includes a spider web to climb and a long water slide.",
"The attraction opened in 1992.",
"A second children's play area opened six years later.",
"Curious George Goes to Town is a play area featuring two large water troughs that dump 500 gallons of water on its visitors every few minutes, and a ball area where guests can shoot soft, foam balls out of cannons.",
"The final attraction is E.T.",
"Adventure which opened in 1990, the ride is a dark ride based on the 1982 hit film \"E.T.",
"the Extra-Terrestrial\".",
"Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone is home to three shows which are performed multiple times per day.",
"A Day in the Park with Barney is a live, sing-along stage show featuring Barney and his friends.",
"Animal Actors On Location is a 20-minute live stage show featuring trained animals showcasing their talent.",
"StarToons Summer Jam is a live show featuring classic Universal cartoon characters performing to beach party songs.",
"It is the fourth version of the show to be held at the park, the previous three versions being \"StarToons\", in the Production Central area, as well as\"StarToons Character Meet and Greet\" and \"StarToons: 80's Rewind\", also in the Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone area.",
"Guests can purchase food and beverage items from the \"Kidzone Pizza Company\" in Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone.",
"As with the rest of the park, merchandise shops have been designed to offer specific merchandise related to that area's attractions.",
"\"The Barney Store\" and \"E.T.",
"'s Toy Closet\" sell merchandise specific to A Day in the Park with Barney and E.T.",
"Adventure respectively.",
"The \"Universal Cartoon Store\", on the other hand, sells merchandise of various cartoon characters, including Woody Woodpecker and Scooby Doo.",
"On May 28, 2012, the Universal Cartoon Store was replaced with a SpongeBob SquarePants-themed store called SpongeBob StorePants.",
"Ever since then it has been the newest addition to Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone since the Kidzone opened in 1999."
] | [
0
] |
Atomic number | What is the atomic number of chlorine and it's meaning? | Proton | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
3
] | [
" in chemistry.",
"Atomic number.",
"In chemistry, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is known as the atomic number, which determines the chemical element to which the atom belongs.",
"For example, the atomic number of chlorine is 17; this means that each chlorine atom has 17 protons and that all atoms with 17 protons are chlorine atoms.",
"The chemical properties of each atom are determined by the number of (negatively charged) electrons, which for neutral atoms is equal to the number of (positive) protons so that the total charge is zero.",
"For example, a neutral chlorine atom has 17 protons and 17 electrons, whereas a Cl− anion has 17 protons and 18 electrons for a total charge of −1.",
"All atoms of a given element are not necessarily identical, however, as the number of neutrons may vary to form different isotopes, and energy levels may differ forming different nuclear isomers.",
"For example, there are two stable isotopes of chlorine: with 35 − 17 = 18 neutrons and with 37 − 17 = 20 neutrons."
] | [
0
] |
Civil war and occupation | How many people were displaced during the Lebanese Civil War? | Lebanon | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
16
] | [
"In 1975, following increasing sectarian tensions, a full-scale civil war broke out in Lebanon.",
"The Lebanese Civil War pitted a coalition of Christian groups against the joint forces of the PLO, left-wing Druze and Muslim militias.",
"In June 1976 Syria sent in its own troops, ostensibly to restore peace.",
"In October 1976 the Arab League agreed to establish a predominantly Syrian Arab Deterrent Force, which was charged with restoring calm.",
"In 1982, the PLO presence in Lebanon led to an Israeli invasion.",
"A multinational force of American, French and Italian contingents (joined in 1983 by a British contingent) were deployed in Beirut after the Israeli siege of the city, to supervise the evacuation of the PLO.",
"It returned in September 1982 after the assassination of Bashir Gemayel and subsequent fighting, during which a number of massacres were committed, such as in Damour, in Sabra and Shatila, and in several refugee camps.",
"The multinational force was withdrawn in the spring of 1984, following a devastating bombing attack during the previous year.",
"According to a videotape released by Osama Bin Laden in 2004, images of the bombing of Lebanon were what made him conceive the attack on the United States on the 11th of September 2001, in order to deter further attacks resulting in the deaths of women and children.",
"In September 1988, the Parliament failed to elect a successor to President Gemayel as a result of differences between the Christians and the Muslims and Syrians.",
"The Arab League Summit of May 1989 led to the formation of a Saudi-Moroccan-Algerian committee to solve the crisis.",
"On 16 September 1989 the committee issued a peace plan which was accepted by all.",
"A ceasefire was established, the ports and airports were re-opened and refugees began to return.",
"In the same month, the Lebanese Parliament agreed to the Taif Agreement, which included an outline timetable for Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon and a formula for the de-confessionalisation of the Lebanese political system.",
"The war ended at the end of 1990 after sixteen years, resulting in massive loss of human life and property, while devastating the country's economy.",
"It is estimated that 150,000 people were killed and another 200,000 wounded.",
"Some 900,000 people, representing one-fifth of the pre-war population, were displaced from their homes.",
"Parts of Lebanon were left in ruins.",
"The Taif Agreement has still not been implemented in full and Lebanon's political system continues to be divided along sectarian lines."
] | [
5
] |
Primary sources in translation | What year was the book "St Louis" published? | Protestant Reformation | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
12
] | [
" Fosdick, Harry Emerson, ed.",
"\"Great Voices of the Reformation of other putative reformers before and after it: an Anthology\", ed., with an introd.",
"and commentaries, by Harry Emerson Fosdick.",
"New York: Modern Library, 1952. xxx, 546 p.",
" Janz, Denis, ed.",
"\"A Reformation Reader: Primary Texts With Introductions\" (2008) excerpt and text search",
" Luther, Martin \"Luther's Correspondence and Other Contemporary Letters,\" 2 vols., tr.",
"and ed.",
"by Preserved Smith, Charles Michael Jacobs, The Lutheran Publication Society, Philadelphia, Pa. 1913, 1918. vol.2 (1521–1530) from Google Books.",
"Reprint of Vol.1, Wipf & Stock Publishers (March 2006).",
"ISBN 1-59752-601-0.",
" Spitz, Lewis W. \"The Protestant Reformation: Major Documents\".",
"St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1997.",
"ISBN 0-570-04993-8"
] | [
0
] |
Effectiveness | What is the "Mars effect"? | Astrology | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
9
] | [
"Astrology has not demonstrated its effectiveness in controlled studies and has no scientific validity, and as such, is regarded as pseudoscience.",
"Where astrology has made falsifiable predictions, it has been falsified.",
"Shawn Carlson's double-blind chart matching test, in which twenty eight astrologers agreed to match over 100 natal charts to psychological profiles generated by the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) test, is one of the most renowned tests of astrology.",
"The experimental protocol used in Carlson's study was agreed to by a group of physicists and astrologers prior to the experiment.",
"Astrologers, nominated by the National Council for Geocosmic Research, acted as the astrological advisors, and helped to ensure, and agreed, that the test was fair.",
"They also chose twentysix of the twentyeight astrologers for the tests, the other two being interested astrologers who volunteered afterwards.",
"The astrologers, from Europe and the United States, helped to draw up the central proposition of natal astrology to be tested.",
"Published in \"Nature\" in 1985, the study found that predictions based on natal astrology were no better than chance, and that the testing \"clearly refutes the astrological hypothesis\".",
"In 1955, astrologer and psychologist Michel Gauquelin stated that although he had failed to find evidence to support such indicators as the zodiacal signs and planetary aspects in astrology, he had found positive correlations between the diurnal positions of some of the planets and success in some professions which astrology traditionally associates with those planets.",
"The best-known of Gauquelin's findings is based on the positions of Mars in the natal charts of successful athletes and became known as the \"Mars effect\".",
"A study conducted by seven French scientists attempted to replicate the claim, but found no statistical evidence.",
"They attributed the effect to selective bias on Gauquelin's part, accusing him of attempting to persuade them to add or delete names from their study.",
"Geoffrey Dean has suggested that the effect may be caused by self-reporting of birth dates by parents rather than any issue with the study by Gauquelin.",
"The suggestion is that a small subset of the parents may have had changed birth times to be consistent with better astrological charts for a related profession.",
"The sample group was taken from a time where belief in astrology was more common.",
"Gauquelin had failed to find the Mars effect in more recent populations, where a nurse or doctor recorded the birth information.",
"The number of births under astrologically undesirable conditions was also lower, indicating more evidence that parents choose dates and times to suit their beliefs.",
"Dean, a scientist and former astrologer, and psychologist Ivan Kelly conducted a large scale scientific test, involving more than one hundred cognitive, behavioural, physical and other variables, but found no support for astrology.",
"Furthermore, a meta-analysis was conducted pooling 40 studies consisting of 700 astrologers and over 1,000 birth charts.",
"Ten of the tests, which had a total of 300 participating, involved the astrologers picking the correct chart interpretation out of a number of others which were not the astrologically correct chart interpretation (usually 3 to 5 others).",
"When the date and other obvious clues were removed no significant results were found to suggest there was any preferred chart."
] | [
0
] |
Process | At what point in making bacon do you smoke it? | Bacon | true | 9FOOD
| [
8
] | [
"First, pork bellies are sorted by size and fat percentage.",
"They are then placed into a large machine that rotates (often called a tumbler).",
"This softens the bellies, which makes it easier to remove the rinds.",
"The bellies are then cut, either manually or mechanically, to remove the skin from the meat.",
"The skins may be used to be processed into pork rinds.",
"The bacon is then treated by a brine solution.",
"The brine solution may contain the flavorings, or the flavorings may be added later.",
"After being brined, the bacon is smoked.",
"Depending on where the bacon is made, the smoking process is different.",
"The bacon is then cooked in an oven and soon after chilled for a few days.",
"The cooling makes the meat firm which makes it easier to slice.",
"After being cooled, the bacon is sliced into strips.",
"The bacon is then cooked.",
"The fat that cooks off the bacon is sometimes collected to be used for things like gravy and pet foods.",
"The bacon strips are then ready for consumption.",
"If the bacon is made for commercial use then the strips are packaged."
] | [
0
] |
General release | What grade did the Onion's A.V. Club give Looper? | Looper (film) | false | 6MOVIES
| [
3
] | [
"Kim Newman of \"Empire\" magazine gave \"Looper\" 5 stars out of 5, writing, \"Intelligent science-fiction sometimes seems an endangered species—too much physics and there's a risk of creating something cold and remote, too many explosions and get lost in the multiplex.",
"\"Looper\" isn't perfect, but it pulls off the full \"Wizard Of Oz\": it has a brain, courage and a heart.\"",
"Noel Murray of \"The A.V.",
"Club\" gave the film an A− grade, writing, \"\"Looper\" is a remarkable feat of imagination and execution, entertaining from start to finish, even as it asks the audience to contemplate how and why humanity keeps making the same rotten mistakes.\"",
"Kenneth Turan of the \"Los Angeles Times\" gave the film a positive review, writing, \"\"Looper\" is way inventive but it wears its creativity lightly, like it's no big deal.",
"This is a highflying, super-stylish science-fiction thriller that brings a fresh approach to mind-bending genre material.",
"We're not always sure where this time-travel film is going, but we wouldn't dream of abandoning the ride.",
"\"Claudia Puig of \"USA Today\" gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4, writing, \"\"Looper\"s heady blend of time travel, gritty action and a jot of romance is such a thrilling and cerebral mind-bender that it will likely have moviegoers gathering outside the theater afterward to hash out details of its intricately constructed universe.",
"Not that that's a bad thing.\"",
"Peter Travers of \"Rolling Stone\" also gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4, praising the performances of Willis and Gordon-Levitt and concluding, \"Lacing tremendously exciting action with touching gravity, \"Looper\" hits you like a shot in the heart.\"",
"Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" also gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4, praising its screenplay and writing, \"\"Looper\", a smart and tricky sci-fi story, sidesteps the paradoxes of time travel by embracing them.",
"Most time travel movies run into trouble in the final scenes, when impossibilities pile up one upon another.",
"This film leads to a startling conclusion that wipes out the story's paradoxes so neatly it's as if it never happened.",
"\"Lisa Schwarzbaum of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the film a B+ grade, writing, \"The time swivels in \"Looper\" evoke some of \"Inception\"s fancy temporal tricks (some of which, of course, also involved Gordon-Levitt straddling multiple time zones at once).",
"But it's the glimpses of \"Children of Men\"-like societal dystopia that give the movie its real weight\".",
"Keith Staskiewicz, also writing for \"Entertainment Weekly\" (reviewing the DVD) and also giving a \"B+\", said, \"The film's premise is markedly inventive, and Rian Johnson spends a lot of time making his universe seem lived-in and believable, but he's not just concerned with whiz-bang what-ifs.",
"The showdown of selves illuminates just how little Gordon-Levitt's character has changed over the intervening years, stuck as he is in a feedback loop of drug use and violence despite his pipe dream of moving to Europe.",
"The retro trench coats and firearms also suggest a sort of eternal recurrence, and as \"Looper\"'s plot gets more complex, its central question simplifies: If we can't fix our mistakes, can we at least make sure we don't repeat the same ones over and over again?",
"\"Richard Corliss of \"Time\" magazine gave the film a positive review, calling \"Looper\" a \"hybrid, mashing Quentin Tarantino and Philip K. Dick into a species of pulp science fiction\" and also writing, \"A fanciful film with the patina of hyper-realism, \"Looper\" is well served by actors who behave not as if they were dropped carelessly into the future but spent their whole desperate lives there.\"",
"Dana Stevens of \"Slate\" gave the film a mixed review, writing, \"\"Looper\" felt to me like a maddening near-miss: It posits an impossible but fascinating-to-imagine relationship – a face-to-face encounter between one's present and future self, in which each self must account for its betrayal of the other – and then throws away nearly all the dramatic potential that relationship offers.",
"\"Audiences polled by the market research firm CinemaScore gave the film a B+ grade on average."
] | [
0
] |
Flowering Orchards | what else was the flowering orchards called? | Vincent van Gogh | false | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"The series of \"Flowering Orchards\", sometimes referred to as the \"Orchards in Blossom\" paintings, were among the first groups of work that Van Gogh completed after his arrival in Arles, Provence in February 1888.",
"The 14 paintings in this group are optimistic, joyous and visually expressive of the burgeoning Springtime.",
"They are delicately sensitive, silent, quiet and unpopulated.",
"About \"The Cherry Tree\" Vincent wrote to Theo on 21 April 1888 and said he had 10 orchards and: \"one big (painting) of a cherry tree, which I've spoiled\".",
"The following spring he painted another smaller group of orchards, including \"View of Arles, Flowering Orchards\".",
"Van Gogh was taken by the landscape and vegetation of the South of France, and often visited the farm gardens near Arles.",
"Because of the vivid light supplied by the Mediterranean climate his palette significantly brightened.",
"From his arrival, he was interested in capturing the effect of the seasons on the surrounding landscape and plant life."
] | [
0
] |
Production and development | How long after The Mindy Project's initial commission by NBC did it take for the pilot to be viewable online? | The Mindy Project | true | 1TV
| [
0,
12
] | [
"The series was initially commissioned by NBC, but the pilot with the working title \"It's Messy\" was released from NBC's projects on January 27, 2012.",
"Universal then sent the script to Fox executives who read it over that following weekend.",
"On January 30, 2012, Fox greenlit the pilot, with Mindy Kaling attached to star.",
"Casting announcements for the remaining series regular roles began in February 2012, with Ed Weeks cast in the role of Dr. Jeremy Reed, a sexy, British doctor in the practice.",
"Zoe Jarman and Dana DeLorenzo then joined in series regular roles.",
"Jarman signed on to play Betsy Putch, an upbeat receptionist at the practice; whilst DeLorenzo joined as Shauna Dicanio, a young, party loving receptionist in the practice.",
"In mid-March, Chris Messina joined the cast as Dr. Danny Castellano, an arrogant doctor who works at the practice.",
"Shortly after, Anna Camp boarded the series as Gwen Grandy, a stay-at-home mom and Mindy's best friend.",
"On May 9, 2012, Fox placed a series order for the comedy.",
"Two days later, the title was changed from \"It's Messy\" to \"The Mindy Project.\"",
"Two months later, Amanda Setton, Stephen Tobolowsky and Ike Barinholtz joined the series.",
"Setton replaced Dana DeLorenzo in the role of Shauna; Tobolowsky joined in the series regular role of Dr. Marc Shulman, the senior partner of the practice; and Barinholtz signed onto the recurring role of Morgan Tookers, a quirky rehabilitated ex-con who joins the practice as a nurse.",
"On August 27, 2012, the pilot episode was made available to view online on various sites including Fox, in an attempt to garner interest in the series.",
"On October 8, 2012, Fox ordered a full season of \"The Mindy Project\".",
"In the middle of the first season, the network made changes to the show's cast.",
"On November 20, 2012, it was reported that Amanda Setton's role had been eliminated and that Anna Camp had been downgraded to a recurring cast member.",
"Stephen Tobolowsky's role was also eliminated, with his character retiring in the eighth episode.",
"Beth Grant, who guest starred as Nurse Beverly in episode two, returned as a series regular in episode fifteen.",
"Ike Barinholtz was also upgraded to series regular.",
"Xosha Roquemore, who guest starred in the final few episodes of season one as Tamra, was upped to series regular beginning with season two.",
"Adam Pally, who originally signed on for a recurring role, was upgraded to series regular during season two.",
"On March 4, 2013, the series was renewed for a second season, which began on September 17, 2013.",
"On November 21, 2013, Fox announced that \"The Mindy Project\" would take a mid-season hiatus, before returning on April 1, 2014.",
"Fox announced the third season renewal of \"The Mindy Project\" on March 7, 2014."
] | [
5
] |
Human physiology | Why are physiology and anatomy studied together as part of medical school curriculum? | Physiology | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
8
] | [
"Human physiology seeks to understand the mechanisms that work to keep the human body alive and functioning, through scientific enquiry into the nature of mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed.",
"The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems within systems.",
"The endocrine and nervous systems play major roles in the reception and transmission of signals that integrate function in animals.",
"Homeostasis is a major aspect with regard to such interactions within plants as well as animals.",
"The biological basis of the study of physiology, integration refers to the overlap of many functions of the systems of the human body, as well as its accompanied form.",
"It is achieved through communication that occurs in a variety of ways, both electrical and chemical.",
"Much of the foundation of knowledge in human physiology was provided by animal experimentation.",
"Physiology is the study of function and is closely related to anatomy which is the study of form.",
"Due to the frequent connection between form and function, physiology and anatomy are intrinsically linked and are studied in tandem as part of a medical curriculum."
] | [
1
] |
Tourism | How much of Lebanon's GDP is derived from the tourism industry? | Lebanon | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"The tourism industry accounts for about 10% of GDP.",
"Lebanon managed to attract around 1,333,000 tourists in 2008, thus placing it as rank 79 out of 191 countries.",
"In 2009, the New York Times ranked Beirut the No.",
"1 travel destination worldwide due to its Unique Nightlife and Hospitality.",
"In January 2010, the Ministry of Tourism announced that 1,851,081 tourists had visited Lebanon in 2009, a 39% increase from 2008.",
"In 2009, Lebanon hosted the largest number of tourists to date, eclipsing the previous record set before the Lebanese Civil War.",
"Tourist arrivals reached 2 million in 2010, but fell by 37% for the first 10 months of 2012, a decline caused by the war in neighbouring Syria.",
"Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Japan are the three most popular origin countries of foreign tourists to Lebanon.",
"The recent influx of Japanese tourists is probably the reason for the recent rise in popularity of Japanese Cuisine in Lebanon."
] | [
5
] |
Cover versions | Has stronger been covered on TV? | Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You) | true | 0MUSIC
| [
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10
] | [
"",
"\"Stronger\" has also been performed by contestants of various televised competition programs.",
"On February 21, 2012, It was covered on Glee by Amber Riley and Naya Rivera for the Regionals episode titled \"On My Way\".",
"On March 22, 2012, it was first performed by Diandra Flores on the sixth season of the Finnish television series \"Idols\".",
"On April 11, 2012, it was covered by Hollie Cavanagh, Joshua Ledet and Jessica Sanchez in the eleventh season of \"American Idol\".",
"On May 12, 2012, it was performed by Joelle Moses after will.i.am's recommendation on the first series of \"The Voice UK\".",
"Clarkson also performed the song with Jordan Meredith on the television series \"Duets\", where she is also a mentor.",
"On March 16, 2012, the song was performed by various participants during the season finale of the fifth season of the Danish television series \"X Factor\".",
"On November 8, 2012, the song was performed by Team Adam and Team Blake on the third season of \"The Voice\".",
"On November 28, 2012, the girl-group Fifth Harmony performed the song on the second season of \"The X Factor\".",
"On October 28, 2013, Tessanne Chin covered the song on Season 5 of NBC's singing competition, \"The Voice\" for her performance in the Knockout round vs. Ashley DuBose (who performed \"Hey, Soul Sister\" by Train)."
] | [] |
Languages | What percent of German citizens claim to be bilingual? | Germany | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
4
] | [
"German is the official and predominant spoken language in Germany.",
"It is one of 23 official languages in the European Union, and one of the three working languages of the European Commission.",
"Recognised native minority languages in Germany are Danish, Low German, Sorbian, Romany, and Frisian; they are officially protected by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.",
"The most used immigrant languages are Turkish, Kurdish, Polish, the Balkan languages, and Russian.",
"67% of German citizens claim to be able to communicate in at least one foreign language and 27% in at least two languages other than their own.</ref>Standard German is a West Germanic language and is closely related to and classified alongside English, Low German, Dutch, and the Frisian languages.",
"To a lesser extent, it is also related to the East (extinct) and North Germanic languages.",
"Most German vocabulary is derived from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.",
"Significant minorities of words are derived from Latin and Greek, with a smaller amount from French and most recently English (known as Denglisch).",
"German is written using the Latin alphabet.",
"German dialects, traditional local varieties traced back to the Germanic tribes, are distinguished from varieties of standard German by their lexicon, phonology, and syntax."
] | [
0
] |
Layout | What year was the terminal the location of the Grand Central School of Art? | Grand Central Terminal | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
17,
18
] | [
"The tracks are numbered according to their location in the terminal building.",
"The upper level tracks are numbered 11 to 42 east to west.",
"Tracks 22 and 31 were removed in the late 1990s to build concourses for Grand Central North, track 12 was removed to expand the platform between tracks 11 and 13, and track 14 is only used for loading a garbage train.",
"The lower level has 27 tracks, numbered 100 to 126, east to west, though only tracks 102–112, and 114–116 are currently used for passenger service.",
"Often, local and off-peak trains depart from the lower level while express, super-express, and peak trains depart from the main concourse.",
"Odd numbered tracks are usually on the east side (right side facing north) of the platform; even numbered tracks on the west.",
"The public timetables for April 3, 2011 show 286 weekday departures: 74 Hudson, 101 Harlem and 111 New Haven Line.",
"Besides platforms, Grand Central has restaurants, such as the Oyster Bar and various fast food outlets surrounding the Dining Concourse on the level below the Main Concourse, as well as delis, bakeries, newsstands, a gourmet and fresh food market, an annex of the New York Transit Museum, and more than forty retail stores.",
"Grand Central generally contains only private outlets and small franchises.",
"There are chain outlets in the complex: Starbucks coffee shop, a Rite Aid pharmacy and an Apple Store which opened to the public on December 9, 2011.",
"Other chain stores anticipated to open in the future include a Shake Shack.",
"A \"secret\" sub-basement known as M42 lies under the Terminal, containing the AC to DC converters used to supply DC traction current to the Terminal.",
"The exact location of M42 is a closely guarded secret and does not appear on maps, though it has been shown on television, most notably, the History Channel program \"Cities of the Underworld\" and also a National Geographic special.",
"The original rotary converters were not removed in the late 20th century when solid-state ones took over their job, and they remain as a historical record.",
"During World War II, this facility was closely guarded because its sabotage would have greatly impaired troop movement on the Eastern Seaboard.",
"However, Abwehr (a German espionage service) was aware of it and sent two spies to sabotage it.",
"The spies were arrested by the FBI before they could strike.",
"It is said that any unauthorized person entering the facility during the war risked being shot on sight: the rotary converters used at the time could have easily been crippled by a bucket of sand.",
"From 1924 through 1944, the attic of the east wing contained a art school and gallery space called the Grand Central School of Art."
] | [
0
] |
Language | How many Austrians have spoken the local languange since birth? | Austria | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
11
] | [
"German is Austria's official language and is spoken natively by 88.6% of the population—followed by Bosnian/Croatian/Montenegrin/Serbian (4.2%), Turkish (2.3%), Hungarian (0.5%) and Polish (0.5%).",
"The official German used in education, publications, announcements and websites is German, which is mostly identical to the German used in Germany but with some vocabulary differences.",
"The German language is standardized between countries of German mother tongue, i.e., Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxemburg and Liechtenstein, as well as those with significant German speaking minorities: Italy, Belgium and Denmark.",
"(The German population in Elsass-Lothringen in France has no minority rights.)",
"Many local dialects are spoken in Austria, and though their base is Austrian German, their corresponding speakers meet certain degrees of difficulty when trying to understand each other.",
"The Austrian federal states of Carinthia and Styria are home to a significant indigenous Slovene-speaking minority while in the easternmost state, Burgenland (formerly part of the Hungarian portion of Austria–Hungary), there are significant Hungarian- and Croatian-speaking minorities.",
"Of the remaining number of Austria's people that are of non-Austrian descent, many come from surrounding countries, especially from the former East Bloc nations.",
"So-called guest workers \"(Gastarbeiter)\" and their descendants, as well as refugees from the Yugoslav wars and other conflicts, also form an important minority group in Austria.",
"Since 1994 the Roma–Sinti (gypsies) have been an officially recognised ethnic minority in Austria.",
"According to census information published by Statistik Austria for 2001 there were a total of 710,926 foreign nationals living in Austria.",
"Of these, the largest by far are 283,334 foreign nationals from the former Yugoslavia (of whom 135,336 speak Serbian; 105,487 Croatian; 31,591 Bosnian – i.e.",
"272,414 Austrian resident native speakers in total, plus 6,902 Slovenian and 4,018 Macedonian speakers).",
"The second largest population of linguistic and ethnic groups are the Turks (including minority of Kurds) with a number of 200,000 to 300,000 who currently live in Austria.",
"The Turks and The Kurds are the largest single immigrant group in Austria, closely followed by the Serbs.",
"The next largest population of linguistic and ethnic groups are the 124,392 who speak German as their mother tongue even though they hail from outside of Austria (mainly immigrants from Germany, some from Switzerland, South Tyrol in Italy, Romania, or the former Soviet Union); 123,417 English; 24,446 Albanian; 17,899 Polish; 14,699 Hungarian; 12,216 Romanian; 10,000 Malayali; 7,982 Arabic; 6,891 Slovak; 6,707 Czech; 5,916 Persian; 5,677 Italian; 5,466 Russian; 5,213 French; 4,938 Chinese; 4,264 Spanish; 3,503 Bulgarian.",
"The numbers for other languages fall off sharply below 3,000.",
"In 2006, some of the Austrian states introduced standardised tests for new citizens, to assure their language ability, cultural knowledge and accordingly their ability to integrate into the Austrian society.",
"For the national rules, see Austrian nationality law – Naturalisation."
] | [
5
] |
Curling culture | Waht is the highest level of mixed curling competition outside of the world championships or Olympics? | Curling | false | 4SPORT
| [
5
] | [
" culture.",
"Competition teams are normally named after the skip, for example, Team Martin after skip Kevin Martin.",
"Amateur league players can (and do) creatively name their teams, but when in competition (a bonspiel) the official team will have a standard name.",
"Top curling championships are typically played by all-male or all-female teams.",
"The game is known as mixed curling when a team consists of two men and two women.",
"The Canadian Mixed Curling Championship is the highest-level mixed curling competition, in the absence of world championship or Olympic mixed curling events.",
"Curling tournaments may use the Schenkel system for determining the participants in matches.",
"Curling is played in many countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom (especially Scotland), the United States, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Finland and Japan, all of which compete in the world championships.",
"Curling is particularly popular in Canada.",
"Improvements in ice making and changes in the rules to increase scoring and promote complex strategy have increased the already high popularity of the sport in Canada, and large television audiences watch annual curling telecasts, especially the Scotties Tournament of Hearts (the national championship for women), the Tim Hortons Brier (the national championship for men), and the women's and men's world championships.",
"Despite the Canadian province of Manitoba's small population (ranked 5th of 10 Canadian provinces), Manitoban teams have won the Brier more times than teams from any other province.",
"The Tournament of Hearts and the Brier are contested by provincial and territorial champions, and the world championships by national champions.",
"Curling is the provincial sport of Saskatchewan.",
"From there Ernie Richardson and his family team dominated Canadian and international curling during the late 1950s and early 1960s and have been considered to be the best male curlers of all time.",
"Sandra Schmirler led her team to the first ever gold medal in women's curling in the 1998 Winter Olympics.",
"When she died two years later from cancer, over 15,000 people attended her funeral, and it was broadcast on national television."
] | [] |
Early walls | Did the Tang dynasty build walls or was it the Song Dynasty? | Great Wall of China | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
13
] | [
"Early walls.",
"The Chinese were already familiar with the techniques of wall-building by the time of the Spring and Autumn period between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.",
"During this time and the subsequent Warring States period, the states of Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Yan and Zhongshan all constructed extensive fortifications to defend their own borders.",
"Built to withstand the attack of small arms such as swords and spears, these walls were made mostly by stamping earth and gravel between board frames.",
"Qin Shi Huang conquered all opposing states and unified China in 221 BC, establishing the Qin Dynasty.",
"Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the destruction of the wall sections that divided his empire along the former state borders.",
"To position the empire against the Xiongnu people from the north, he ordered the building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's northern frontier.",
"Transporting the large quantity of materials required for construction was difficult, so builders always tried to use local resources.",
"Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while rammed earth was used for construction in the plains.",
"There are no surviving historical records indicating the exact length and course of the Qin Dynasty walls.",
"Most of the ancient walls have eroded away over the centuries, and very few sections remain today.",
"The human cost of the construction is unknown, but it has been estimated by some authors that hundreds of thousands,if not up to a million, workers died building the Qin wall.",
"Later, the Han, Sui, and the Northern dynasties all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great cost to defend themselves against northern invaders.",
"The Tang and Song Dynasties did not build any walls in the region substantially.",
"The Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties, who ruled Northern China throughout most of the 10th–13th centuries, constructed defensive walls in the 12th century, but those were located much to the north of the Great Wall as we know it, within today's Inner and Outer Mongolia."
] | [] |
Farces | What is Stan's threat? | American Dad! | true | 1TV
| [
11
] | [
"Plot techniques.",
"\"American Dad!\"",
"has commonly made use of farces as most of the predicaments that befall the main characters have escalated into the extremes, to the point of getting outrageously out-of-hand.",
"For example, in the episode \"Home Wrecker\", Stan and Francine's marital harmony breaks down from a difference of opinion on remodeling the house.",
"It gets to the point where they divide the house in two, each decorating their half of the house in their desired fashion.",
"Not satisfied with this however, they both attempted to drive the other out of the home and eventually erected a colossal block wall, dividing the two halves of the house.",
"The rest of the family members were forced to spend one holiday after the next alternating between Fran's and Stan's place (the sides of the house treated as distinct homes).",
"As another example, in the episode \"Stan's Food Restaurant\", Stan asks for Roger's help in starting a restaurant.",
"As things progress, Roger makes heavy changes in the layout, eventually kicking Stan out of the project.",
"Stan retaliates by opening another restaurant next door, which becomes a smashing success.",
"Roger responds by blowing up Stan's restaurant but destroying his own in the process.",
"Stan threatens to kill Roger, but backs down after Roger pulls a gun on him and tells him to relax."
] | [
0
] |
Legal jurisdiction | Which professor said it was impossible to impanel a jury in alignment with the Vicinage Clause? | Yellowstone National Park | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"The entire park is within the jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the District of Wyoming, making it the only federal court district that includes portions of more than one state (Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming).",
"Law professor Brian C. Kalt has argued that it may be impossible to impanel a jury in compliance with the Vicinage Clause of the Sixth Amendment for a crime committed solely in the unpopulated Idaho portion of the park (and that it would be difficult to do so for a crime committed solely in the lightly populated Montana portion).",
"One defendant accused of a wildlife-related crime in the Montana portion of the park attempted to raise this argument.",
"He eventually pleaded guilty."
] | [] |
Forms and magnetism | Does the aurora typically extend from east-west or north-south? | Aurora | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Typically the aurora appears either as a diffuse glow or as \"curtains\" that approximately extend in the east-west direction.",
"At some times, they form \"quiet arcs\"; at others (\"active aurora\"), they evolve and change constantly.",
"Each curtain consists of many parallel rays, each lined up with the local direction of the magnetic field lines, suggesting that auroras are shaped by Earth's magnetic field.",
"Indeed, satellites show that electrons are guided by magnetic field lines, spiraling around them while moving toward Earth.",
"The similarity to curtains is often enhanced by folds called \"striations\".",
"When the field line guiding a bright auroral patch leads to a point directly above the observer, the aurora may appear as a \"corona\" of diverging rays, an effect of perspective.",
"Although it was first mentioned by Ancient Greek explorer/geographer Pytheas, Hiorter and Celsius first described in 1741 evidence for magnetic control, namely, large magnetic fluctuations occurred whenever the aurora was observed overhead.",
"This indicates (it was later realized) that large electric currents were associated with the aurora, flowing in the region where auroral light originated.",
"Kristian Birkeland (1908) deduced that the currents flowed in the east-west directions along the auroral arc, and such currents, flowing from the dayside toward (approximately) midnight were later named \"auroral electrojets\" (see also Birkeland currents).",
"Still more evidence for a magnetic connection are the statistics of auroral observations.",
"Elias Loomis (1860) and later in more detail Hermann Fritz (1881) and S. Tromholt (1882) established that the aurora appeared mainly in the \"auroral zone\", a ring-shaped region with a radius of approximately 2500 km around Earth's magnetic pole.",
"It was hardly ever seen near the geographic pole, which is about 2000 km away from the magnetic pole.",
"The instantaneous distribution of auroras (\"auroral oval\") is slightly different, centered about 3–5 degrees nightward of the magnetic pole, so that auroral arcs reach furthest toward the equator about an hour before midnight.",
"The aurora can be seen best at this time, called magnetic midnight, which occurs when an observer, the magnetic pole in question and the Sun are in alignment.",
"In the 1970s, astrophysicist Joan Feynman deduced that auroras are a product of the interaction between the Earth's magnetosphere and the magnetic field of the solar wind.",
"Her work resulted from data collected by the Explorer 33 spacecraft.",
"On 26 February 2008, THEMIS probes were able to determine, for the first time, the triggering event for the onset of magnetospheric substorms.",
"Two of the five probes, positioned approximately one third the distance to the moon, measured events suggesting a magnetic reconnection event 96 seconds prior to auroral intensification.",
"Dr. Vassilis Angelopoulos of the University of California, Los Angeles, the principal investigator for the THEMIS mission, claimed, \"Our data show clearly and for the first time that magnetic reconnection is the trigger.\""
] | [] |
Costs of restoration programmes | What was the amount spent on Versailles during the Ancien regime? | Palace of Versailles | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
20
] | [
"The restoration initiatives launched by the Fifth Republic have proven to be perhaps more costly than the expenditures of the palace in the Ancien Régime.",
"Starting in the 1950s, when the museum of Versailles was under the directorship of Gérald van der Kemp, the objective was to restore the palace to its state – or as close to it as possible – in 1789 when the royal family left the palace.",
"Among the early projects was the repair of the roof over the Hall of Mirrors; the publicity campaign brought international attention to the plight of post-war Versailles and garnered much foreign money including a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation.",
"Concurrently, in Russia, the restoration of the Pavlovsk Palace located outside of Leningrad – today's Saint Petersburg – brought the attention of French museum authorities, including the curators of Versailles (Massie, 1990).",
"Pavlovsk Palace was built by Catherine the Great's son Paul.",
"The czarevitch and his wife, Marie Feodorovna, were avid francophiles, who, on a visit to France and Versailles in the 1780s, purchased great quantities of silk, which they later used to upholster furniture in Pavlosk.",
"The palace survived the Russian Revolution intact – descendants of Paul I were living in the palace at the time the communists evicted them – however, during the Second World War, the furniture and artifacts housed in the palace, which had been transformed into a museum, were removed.",
"In the process of evacuation the museum collections, remnants of the silks purchased by Paul I of Russia and Marie Feodorovna were found and conserved.",
"After the war when Soviet authorities were restoring the palace, which had been gutted by the retreating Nazi forces, they recreated the silk fabrics by using the conserved 18th century remnants (Massie, 1990).",
"When the French authorities saw the results of Russian efforts and the high quality they were able to achieve, the French revived 18th-century weaving techniques so as to reproduce the silks used in the decoration of Versailles (Massie, 1990).",
"The two greatest achievements of this initiative are seen today in wall hangings used in the restoration of the \"chambre de la reine\" in the \"grand appartement de reine\" and the \"chambre du roi\" in the \"appartement du roi\".",
"While the design used for the \"chambre du roi\" was, in fact, from a design that had been used during the \"Ancien Régime\" to decorate the \"chambre de la reine\", it nevertheless represents a great achievement in the on-going restoration at Versailles.",
"Additionally, this project, which took over seven years to achieve, required several hundred kilograms of silver and gold to complete (Meyer, 1989).",
"One of the more costly endeavors for the museum and the government of France's Fifth Republic has been to repurchase as much of the original furnishings as possible.",
"However, because furniture with a royal provenance – and especially furniture that was made for Versailles – is a highly sought after commodity on the international market, the museum has spent considerable funds on retrieving much of the palace's original furnishings (Kemp, 1976).",
"In 2003, a new restoration initiative – the \"Grand Versailles\" project – was started, which necessitated unexpected repair and replantation of the gardens.",
"The project will be on-going for the next seventeen years, funded with a state endowment of €135 million allocated for the first seven years.",
"The project will address such concerns as security for the palace, and continued restoration of the \"bosquet des trois fontaines\".",
"VINCI underwrote the €12 million restoration project for the Hall of Mirrors, which was completed in 2006 (Leloup, 2006).",
"We may never know the true amount spent on the creation of Versailles, and most current estimates are speculative.",
"A recent estimate has placed the amount spent on Versailles during the \"Ancien régime\" as US$2 billion (Littell, 2000).",
"This figure in all probability is an under-evaluation of the money spent on Versailles.",
"France's Fifth Republic expenditures alone that have been directed to restoration and maintenance at Versailles undoubtedly surpass those of the Sun King."
] | [
0
] |
Practical uses | We're duels held using guns? | Shooting | false | 4SPORT
| [
4
] | [
"Shooting is used for hunting upland game birds such as grouse or pheasant, rabbits, culling, deer hunting, or other wild game animals, or shooting pest animals.",
"Clay pigeon shooting is meant to simulate shooting live pigeons released from traps, after doing so was banned in the United Kingdom in 1921.",
"Sometimes \"shooting\" refers to the hunting activity itself.",
"Shooting is also used in warfare, self-defense, crime, and law enforcement.",
"Duels were sometimes held using guns.",
"Shooting without a target has applications such as celebratory gunfire, 21-gun salute, or firing starting pistols, incapable of releasing bullets."
] | [] |
Annual events | How many Christmas lights will be featured at the event? | Disney's Hollywood Studios | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
5
] | [
"Disney's Hollywood Studios hosts a number of events during the year that often draw thousands of fans to the park.",
" ESPN The Weekend (late winter) features commentators from the Disney-owned cable sports channels as well as sports celebrities.",
" Star Wars Weekends (May - June) brings \"Star Wars\" fans and celebrities together for special park events.",
"Running Fridays-Sundays throughout June, they feature the 501st Legion (a worldwide \"Star Wars\" costuming group) parading through the park in Stormtrooper costumes, several \"Star Wars\" actors appearing each weekend for photos and autographs, Jedi Training Academy classes for younger guests, and other activities.",
" The Osborne Family Spectacle of Dancing Lights (November–January) take over the Streets of America during the Christmas season.",
"The display features over five million Christmas lights on more than of wire.",
"One former event of note was the ABC Super Soap Weekend.",
"Scheduled in November, the event paid tribute to the legions of fans of soap operas from ABC.",
"Guests could meet stars from \"All My Children\", \"One Life to Live\" and \"General Hospital\".",
"The event's final presentation was in November 2008, with ABC instead planning to schedule multiple, smaller regional events around the country for its fans."
] | [
5
] |
Preparation | What meal are juices most often enjoyed with? | Juice | false | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"Juice is prepared by mechanically squeezing or macerating fruit or vegetable flesh without the application of heat or solvents.",
"For example, orange juice is the liquid extract of the fruit of the orange tree, and tomato juice is the liquid that results from pressing the fruit of the tomato plant.",
"Juice may be prepared in the home from fresh fruit and vegetables using a variety of hand or electric juicers.",
"Juice is one of the most popular drinks to go with breakfast in the morning.",
"Many commercial juices are filtered to remove fiber or pulp, but high-pulp fresh orange juice is a popular beverage.",
"Common methods for preservation and processing of fruit juices include canning, pasteurization, concentrating, freezing, evaporation and spray drying."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Dark Knight Rises was the 3rd highest grossing film of what year? | The Dark Knight Rises | false | 6MOVIES
| [
15
] | [
"The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 British-American epic superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan, who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother Jonathan Nolan and the story with David S. Goyer.",
"Featuring the DC Comics character Batman, the film is the final installment in Nolan's \"Batman\" film trilogy, and it is the sequel to \"Batman Begins\" (2005) and \"The Dark Knight\" (2008).",
"Christian Bale reprises the lead role of Bruce Wayne/Batman, with a returning cast of his allies: Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth, Gary Oldman as James Gordon, and Morgan Freeman as Lucius Fox.",
"The film introduces Selina Kyle (Anne Hathaway), a sly, morally ambiguous cat burglar, and Bane (Tom Hardy), a mercenary bent on destroying Gotham City.",
"Drawn back into action by new threats facing the city, an older Bruce Wayne is forced to come out of retirement and become Batman once again.",
"Christopher Nolan was initially hesitant about returning to the series for a second time, but agreed to come back after developing a story with his brother and Goyer that he felt would conclude the series on a satisfactory note.",
"Nolan drew inspiration from Bane's comic book debut in the 1993 \"\" storyline, the 1986 series \"The Dark Knight Returns\", and the 1999 storyline \"No Man's Land\".",
"Filming took place in various locations, including Jodhpur, London, Nottingham, Glasgow, Los Angeles, New York City, Newark, and Pittsburgh.",
"Nolan used IMAX cameras for much of the filming, including the first six minutes of the film, to optimize the quality of the picture.",
"A variation of the Batplane termed \"The Bat\", an underground prison set, and a new Batcave set were created specifically for the film.",
"As with \"The Dark Knight\", viral marketing campaigns began early during production to help promotion.",
"When filming concluded, Warner Bros. refocused its campaign: developing promotional websites, releasing the first six minutes of the film, screening theatrical trailers, and sending out information regarding the film's plot.",
"\"The Dark Knight Rises\" premiered in New York City on July 16, 2012.",
"The film was released in Australia and New Zealand on July 19, 2012, and in North America and the United Kingdom on July 20, 2012.",
"Upon release it received a favorable critical response and grossed over $1.081 billion worldwide.",
"It is currently the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time, the third-highest-grossing film of 2012, and the third-highest-grossing superhero film of all time."
] | [
0
] |
Organism cloning | Name some of the animals that scientists have sucessfully cloned? | Cloning | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
3
] | [
"Organism cloning (also called reproductive cloning) refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another.",
"In essence this form of cloning is an asexual method of reproduction, where fertilization or inter-gamete contact does not take place.",
"Asexual reproduction is a naturally occurring phenomenon in many species, including most plants (see vegetative reproduction) and some insects.",
"Scientists have made some major achievements with cloning, including the asexual reproduction of sheep and cows.",
"There is a lot of ethical debate over whether or not cloning should be used.",
"However, cloning, or asexual propagation, has been common practice in the horticultural world for hundreds of years."
] | [] |
Background and release | What artist wrote "What Makes You Beautiful"? | What Makes You Beautiful | true | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"After being formed and finishing third in the seventh series of \"The X Factor\" in 2010, One Direction were signed to Syco Music, a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment.",
"\"What Makes You Beautiful\" was written by Rami Yacoub, Carl Falk and Savan Kotecha, and was produced by Yacoub and Falk.",
"Instrumentation was completed by Falk and Yacoub.",
"Serban Ghenea handled the audio mixing, Tom Coyne the audio mastering, and John Hanes the mix engineering, for which Phil Seaford served as the assistant.",
"After recording the song at Cosmos Studios and Kinglet Studios in Stockholm, Sweden, the band felt relieved to have a song that they were happy to release as their debut single.",
"Band member Liam Payne called the song \"perfect\", and Harry Styles said, \"When we were recording in the studio we knew instantly that we wanted this track to be our first single.\"",
"Styles spoke to MTV News, \"I think for us we wanted to release something that wasn't cheesy but it was fun.",
"It kind of represented us, I think it took us a while to find it but I think we found the right song.\"",
"Payne added, \"We always wanted single to be something that people didn't expect and then when we heard it, it wasn't what we expected either so it kind of fitted perfectly.\"",
"\"What Makes You Beautiful\" premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 10 August 2011, and was released by Syco Music in Europe, Australia and New Zealand via digital download on 11 September 2011.",
"A CD single was released in the United Kingdom on 12 September 2011, and followed in Australia and Germany on 25 November 2011 and 2 December 2011, respectively.",
"For the North American release of \"Up All Night\" on 13 March 2012, Columbia Records executives used social media to shape its marketing campaign.",
"Columbia Records co-chairman Steve Barnett and his team decided to reverse the usual pattern of releasing a single on radio.",
"Instead the label mounted a four-month marketing campaign aimed at building a fan base through social media before a single was ever released or played on the radio.",
"The social media campaign asked fans to sign petitions and to enter video competitions to win a concert in their town.",
"The campaign was a success as One Direction's Facebook followers in the United States rose from 40,000 to 400,000.",
"As a result, \"What Makes You Beautiful\" sold more than 131,000 copies in its first week, even though it had yet to be played on the radio.",
"Radio programmers were flooded with calls from fans.",
"Johnny Wright, who managed New Kids on the Block, Backstreet Boys and 'N Sync, said: \"Now they are calling the radio station, and the radio station is scratching its head, saying, \"We don't even have that record yet\".",
"It's almost like the return of The Beatles.",
"I call it hype, but it's positive hype because it's all real.",
"It's not manufactured.",
"No one paid these kids.\"",
"The single was released in Canada via digital download on 31 January 2012.",
"\"What Makes You Beautiful\" was released 14 February 2012 in the United States and was sent by Columbia Records to US contemporary hit radio (CHR) playlists on 28 February 2012."
] | [
0
] |
China | What does hong chang mean in Chinese? | Sausage | false | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"A European-like-style smoked savory \"hóng cháng\" (红肠 \"red sausage\") is produced in Harbin, China's northernmost major city.",
"It is another notable product similar to Lithuanian and Polish sausages including kiełbasa and \"podhalańska\", in that they tend to be of a much more European flavours than other Chinese sausages.",
"This kind of sausage was first produced in a Russian-capitalized factory named Churin sausage factory in 1909, Since then Harbin style sausage become popular in China, especially in northern regions.",
"Lap cheong (also lap chong, lap chung, lop chong) are dried pork sausages that look and feel like pepperoni, but are much sweeter.",
"In southwestern China, sausages are flavored with salt, red pepper and wild pepper.",
"People often cure sausages by smoking and air drying."
] | [
0
] |
Types | What is the difference between gulai and kalio? | Rendang | true | 9FOOD
| [
2
] | [
"In Minangkabau culinary tradition, there are three recognised stages in cooking meat in spicy coconut milk.",
"The dish which results is categorised according to the liquid content of the cooked coconut milk, which ranges from the most wet and soupy to the most dry: Gulai — Kalio — Rendang.",
"The ingredients of gulai, kalio and rendang are almost identical with the exceptions that gulai usually has less red chilli pepper and more turmeric, while rendang has richer spices.",
"If pieces of meat are cooked in spicy coconut milk and the process stopped right when the meat is done and the coconut milk has reached its boiling point, the dish is called gulai.",
"If the process continues until the coconut milk is partly evaporated and the meat has begun to brown, then you have kalio.",
"For a traditional dry rendang, the process continues hours beyond this, until the liquid has all but completely evaporated and the color turns to a dark brown, almost black color.",
"Thus not only liquid content but also colour indicate which type of rendang is involved: gulai is light yellow, kalio is brown, and rendang is very dark brown.",
"Today one mostly only finds two simpler categories of rendang: either dry or wet."
] | [
0
] |
Penalties | what incurs from rull infractions? | Golf | true | 4SPORT
| [
6
] | [
"Penalties are incurred in certain situations.",
"They are counted towards a player's score as if there were extra swing(s) at the ball.",
"Strokes are added for rule infractions or for hitting one's ball into an unplayable situation.",
"A lost ball or a ball hit out of bounds result in a penalty of one stroke and distance (Rule 27–1).",
"A one-stroke penalty is assessed if a player's equipment causes the ball to move or the removal of a loose impediment causes the ball to move (Rule 18–2).",
"If a golfer makes a stroke at the wrong ball (Rule 19–2) or hits a fellow golfer's ball with a putt (Rule 19–5), the player incurs a two-stroke penalty.",
"Most rule infractions lead to stroke penalties but also can lead to disqualification.",
"Disqualification could be from cheating, signing for a lower score, or from rule infractions that lead to improper play."
] | [
0
] |
Set | Who do setters toss the ball to? | Volleyball | true | 4SPORT
| [
13
] | [
"The set is usually the second contact that a team makes with the ball.",
"The main goal of setting is to put the ball in the air in such a way that it can be driven by an attack into the opponent's court.",
"The setter coordinates the offensive movements of a team, and is the player who ultimately decides which player will actually attack the ball.",
"As with passing, one may distinguish between an overhand and a bump set.",
"Since the former allows for more control over the speed and direction of the ball, the bump is used only when the ball is so low it cannot be properly handled with fingertips, or in beach volleyball where rules regulating overhand setting are more stringent.",
"In the case of a set, one also speaks of a front or back set, meaning whether the ball is passed in the direction the setter is facing or behind the setter.",
"There is also a jump set that is used when the ball is too close to the net.",
"In this case the setter usually jumps off his or her right foot straight up to avoid going into the net.",
"The setter usually stands about ⅔ of the way from the left to the right of the net and faces the left (the larger portion of net that he or she can see).",
"Sometimes a setter refrains from raising the ball for a teammate to perform an attack and tries to play it directly onto the opponent's court.",
"This movement is called a \"dump\".",
"This can only be performed when the setter is in the front row, otherwise it constitutes an illegal back court attack.",
"The most common dumps are to 'throw' the ball behind the setter or in front of the setter to zones 2 and 4.",
"More experienced setters toss the ball into the deep corners or spike the ball on the second hit."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | Which band recorded the song Moves Like Jagger? | Moves like Jagger | false | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"\"Moves like Jagger\" is a song by American band Maroon 5 featuring singer-songwriter Christina Aguilera released by A&M Octone Records on June 21, 2011, as the fourth and final single and the first only re-released single from their third studio album \"Hands All Over\" (2010).",
"The song was written by Adam Levine, Benjamin Levin, Ammar Malik and Shellback and produced by Shellback and Benny Blanco.",
"\"Moves like Jagger\" is a dance-pop and electropop song and is backed by synths and electronic drums, the lyrics refer to a male's ability to impress a female with his dance moves, which he compares to Mick Jagger, frontman of the English band The Rolling Stones.",
"\"Moves like Jagger\" was well received by music critics, who praised the song's chorus.",
"Praise also went to the vocals of Levine and Aguilera, with critics pointing out solid chemistry between the two.",
"Likewise, the song was a commercial success, going on to top the charts in over 18 countries.",
"In the United States, \"Moves like Jagger\" became the band's first top ten single since \"Makes Me Wonder\" (2007), as well as Christina Aguilera's first top-ten single since \"Keeps Gettin' Better\" (2008).",
"It is among the best-selling singles of all time.",
"Aguilera also became the fourth female to score no.",
"1 singles in three different decades, behind Madonna, Janet Jackson, and Britney Spears.",
"She scored a number one hit in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s, being the second female artist to do so behind Britney Spears.",
"Worldwide, it was the ninth-best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 7 million copies.",
"As of 2014, the song ranks as one of the six best-selling digital singles of all time with sales of over 14 million copies.",
"The music video was directed by Jonas Åkerlund.",
"The video features an old video footage of Jagger and his iconic dance moves.",
"\"Moves like Jagger\" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 54th Grammy Awards but lost to \"Body and Soul\" by Tony Bennett and Amy Winehouse.",
"The song was first performed in June 2011 on an episode of \"The Voice\" (where Levine and Aguilera both served as judges/coaches)."
] | [] |
Cold | What is Hadaka udon? | Udon | true | 9FOOD
| [
4
] | [
" \"Zaru udon\": Chilled udon noodles topped with shredded nori and served on a zaru (笊 or ざる), a sieve-like bamboo tray.",
"Accompanied by a chilled dipping sauce, usually a strong mixture of dashi, mirin, and shoyu.",
"Eaten with wasabi or grated ginger.",
" \"Bukkake udon\": Cold udon served with thick dashi-broth.",
" \"Hadaka udon\" (naked udon 裸うどん): Cold udon served on its own.",
" Kijoyu udon: Served in a cold soup of raw (unpasteurized) soy sauce and sudachi (a type of citrus) juice, sometimes with a bit of grated daikon."
] | [
0
] |
Description | Which person is to the right of Christ in Michaelangelo's The Last Judgement? | The Last Judgment (Michelangelo) | true | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"At the centre of the work is a depiction of Christ, captured in the moment preceding that when the verdict of the Last Judgement is uttered.",
"To Christ's right is his mother, Virgin Mary, who turns her head in a gesture of resignation.",
"Surrounding Christ in a slow rotary movement are figures, identified as the saints and the elect of God.",
"Most notable are Saint Peter, holding the keys of Heaven and Saint Bartholomew with his own skin which is usually recognized as being a self-portrait of Michelangelo.",
"In the centre of the lower section are the angels of the Apocalypse who are wakening the dead to the sound of long trumpets.",
"On the left the risen recover their bodies as they ascend towards heaven, on the right angels and demons fight over making the damned fall down to hell.",
"Below this detail is Charon (here the work invokes Greek mythology; Charon sails the ferry down the Styx), leading the damned into hell where they are greeted by Minos (see below), whose body is wrapped in the coils of the serpent."
] | [] |
Ecological effects | Why was coffee farming originally done? | Coffee | true | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"Originally, coffee farming was done in the shade of trees that provided a habitat for many animals and insects.",
"Remnant forest trees were used for this purpose, but many species have been planted as well.",
"These include leguminous trees of the genera \"Acacia\", \"Albizia\", \"Cassia\", \"Erythrina\", \"Gliricidia\", \"Inga\", and \"Leucaena\", as well as the nitrogen-fixing non-legume sheoaks of the genus \"Casuarina\", and the silky oak \"Grevillea robusta\".",
"This method commonly referred to as the traditional shaded method, or \"shade-grown\".",
"Starting in the 1970s, many farmers switched their production method to sun cultivation, in which coffee is grown in rows under full sun with little or no forest canopy.",
"This causes berries to ripen more rapidly and bushes to produce higher yields, but requires the clearing of trees and increased use of fertilizer and pesticides, which damage the environment and cause health problems.",
"Unshaded coffee plants grown with fertilizer yield the most coffee, although unfertilized shaded crops generally yield more than unfertilized unshaded crops: the response to fertilizer is much greater in full sun.",
"Although traditional coffee production causes berries to ripen more slowly and produce lower yields, the quality of the coffee is allegedly superior.",
"In addition, the traditional shaded method provides living space for many wildlife species.",
"Proponents of shade cultivation say environmental problems such as deforestation, pesticide pollution, habitat destruction, and soil and water degradation are the side effects of the practices employed in sun cultivation.",
"The American Birding Association, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, National Arbor Day Foundation, and the Rainforest Alliance have led a campaign for 'shade-grown' and organic coffees, which can be sustainably harvested.",
"Shaded coffee cultivation systems show greater biodiversity than full-sun systems, and those more distant from continuous forest compare rather poorly to undisturbed native forest in terms of habitat value for some bird species.",
"Another issue concerning coffee is its use of water.",
"According to \"New Scientist\", using industrial farming practices, it takes about of water to grow the coffee seeds needed to produce one cup of coffee, and the coffee is often grown in countries where there is a water shortage, such as Ethiopia.",
"By using sustainable agriculture methods, the amount of water usage can be dramatically reduced, while retaining comparable yields.",
"For comparison, the United States Geological Survey reports that one egg requires an input of of water; one serving of milk requires an input of of water; one serving of rice requires an input of of water; and one glass of wine requires an input of of water.",
"Coffee grounds may be used for composting or as a mulch.",
"They are especially appreciated by worms and acid-loving plants such as blueberries.",
"Some commercial coffee shops run initiatives to make better use of these grounds, including Starbucks' \"Grounds for your Garden\" project, and community sponsored initiatives such as \"Ground to Ground\".",
"Starbucks sustainability chief Jim Hanna has warned that Climate change may significantly impact coffee yields within a few decades."
] | [
1
] |
Sense and antisense | Can sense and antisense sequences exist on different parts of the same strand of DNA | DNA | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
2
] | [
"A DNA sequence is called \"sense\" if its sequence is the same as that of a messenger RNA copy that is translated into protein.",
"The sequence on the opposite strand is called the \"antisense\" sequence.",
"Both sense and antisense sequences can exist on different parts of the same strand of DNA (i.e.",
"both strands can contain both sense and antisense sequences).",
"In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, antisense RNA sequences are produced, but the functions of these RNAs are not entirely clear.",
"One proposal is that antisense RNAs are involved in regulating gene expression through RNA-RNA base pairing.",
"A few DNA sequences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and more in plasmids and viruses, blur the distinction between sense and antisense strands by having overlapping genes.",
"In these cases, some DNA sequences do double duty, encoding one protein when read along one strand, and a second protein when read in the opposite direction along the other strand.",
"In bacteria, this overlap may be involved in the regulation of gene transcription, while in viruses, overlapping genes increase the amount of information that can be encoded within the small viral genome."
] | [] |
Counter puncher | Are knockouts common or rare? | Boxing | true | 4SPORT
| [
12
] | [
"Counter punchers are slippery, defensive style fighters who often rely on their opponent's mistakes in order to gain the advantage, whether it be on the score cards or more preferably a knockout.",
"They use their well-rounded defense to avoid or block shots and then immediately catch the opponent off guard with a well placed and timed punch.",
"A fight with a skilled counter-puncher can turn into a war of attrition, where each shot landed is a battle in itself.",
"Thus, fighting against counter punchers requires constant feinting and the ability to avoid telegraphing ones attacks.",
"To be truly successful using this style they must have good reflexes, a high level of prediction and awareness, pinpoint accuracy and speed, both in striking and in footwork.",
"Notable counter punchers include Vitali Klitschko, Floyd Mayweather, Jr., Evander Holyfield, Max Schmeling, Chris Byrd, Jim Corbett, Jack Johnson, Bernard Hopkins, Laszlo Papp, Jerry Quarry, Anselmo Moreno, James Toney, Marvin Hagler, Juan Manuel Márquez, Humberto Soto, Roger Mayweather, Pernell Whitaker and Sergio Gabriel Martinez.",
"Counter punchers usually wear their opponents down by causing them to miss their punches.",
"The more the opponent misses, the faster they'll tire, and the psychological effects of being unable to land a hit will start to sink in.",
"The counter puncher often tries to outplay their opponent entirely, not just in a physical sense, but also in a mental and emotional sense.",
"This style can be incredibly difficult, especially against seasoned fighters, but winning a fight without getting hit is often worth the pay-off.",
"They usually try to stay away from the center of the ring, in order to outmaneuver and chip away at their opponents.",
"A large advantage in counter-hitting is the forward momentum of the attacker, which drives them further into your return strike.",
"As such, knockouts are more common than one would expect from a defensive style."
] | [] |
Sacred space | How many people came to the speech "I have a dream"? | Lincoln Memorial | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
4
] | [
"As Sandage, (1993) demonstrates, the Memorial has become a symbolically sacred venue especially for the Civil Rights movement.",
"In 1939, the Daughters of the American Revolution refused to allow the African-American contralto Marian Anderson to perform before an integrated audience at the organization's Constitution Hall.",
"At the suggestion of Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harold L. Ickes, the Secretary of the Interior, arranged for a performance on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Sunday of that year, to a live audience of 70,000, and a nationwide radio audience.",
"On August 28, 1963, the memorial grounds were the site of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which proved to be a high point of the American Civil Rights Movement.",
"It is estimated that approximately 250,000 people came to the event, where they heard Martin Luther King, Jr., deliver his historic speech, \"I Have a Dream\", before the memorial honoring the president who had issued the Emancipation Proclamation 100 years earlier.",
"The D.C. police also appreciated the location because it was surrounded on three sides by water, so that any incident could be easily contained.",
"Twenty years later, on August 28, 1983, crowds gathered again to mark the 20th Anniversary Mobilization for Jobs, Peace and Freedom, to reflect on progress in gaining civil rights for African Americans and to commit to correcting continuing injustices.",
"The \"I Have a Dream\" speech is such a part of the Lincoln Memorial story, that the spot on which King stood, on the landing eighteen steps below Lincoln's statue, was engraved in 2003 in recognition of the 40th anniversary of the event.",
"This engraving can be easy to miss unless one walks up the very center of the steps.",
"The engraving is not large and the letters have not been painted in to make them more readable.",
"At the memorial on May 9, 1970, President Richard Nixon had a middle-of-the-night impromptu, brief meeting with protesters who, just days after the Kent State shootings, were preparing to march against the Vietnam War."
] | [
5
] |
In popular culture | When did the song "Viva la Vida" become available for download in the game Rock Band 3? | Viva la Vida | false | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
" Coldplay performed the song at the Closing Ceremony of London 2012 (the ceremony to mark the end of the Paralympic Games, and so also the end of the summer of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics).",
" The song was performed simultaneously by amateur musicians across the U.K on 9 September 2012 as part of the Bandstand Marathon, the finale event of the London 2012 Festival.",
" It was the last song played by Chris Moyles on his final BBC Radio 1 breakfast show on Friday 14 September 2012, the longest-running breakfast show in BBC Radio 1's history.",
" Coldplay performed some of the song live in \"The Simpsons\" episode \"Million Dollar Maybe\".",
" The song was used in the official soundtrack for \"The Big Year\"",
" The song was played to the crew of the Space Shuttle Atlantis to wake them up on day two of STS-135, the final mission of the Space Shuttle program.",
"It was played for crew member Douglas Hurley.",
" The song was used as a fanfare to welcome the Singapore Armed Forces Parachute Team (better known as the \"Red Lions\") during the National Day celebrations of 2011 in Singapore.",
" The song was used by the People's Part of Freedom and Democracy of the Netherlands (VVD) when Party Leader and Prime Minister Mark Rutte walked on stage to present his acceptance speech after winning the 2012 parliamentary elections.",
" The song also appears on NBA 2K13 and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 as part of the game's soundtrack.",
" \"Viva la Vida\" has also been spoofed in a music video titled \"Fallen Kingdom\", created by YouTube's CaptainSparklez and TryHardNinja.",
" This song has since been used as the main theme of Indonesian television channel ANTV, as part of the channel's 20th anniversary.",
"The song is the theme song of the Christian radio show Issues, Etc.",
" As of 8 October 2011, the song has been made available for download in Rock Band 3 as by itself or as part of the \"Coldplay Collection 1\" track pack."
] | [
2
] |
Estrangement from family | Who did Van Gogh fall in love with in 1881? | Sien (Van Gogh series) | false | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"In the summer of 1881, van Gogh fell in love with his recently widowed cousin, Kee Vos Stricker.",
"He proposed marriage, but was rebuffed with an adamant \"no, nay, never\" (\"\"nooit, neen, nimmer\"\").",
"Undeterred, he nevertheless continued to press his attentions despite the increasing dismay and disapproval of his family which eventually led to his leaving the family home for a while to study drawing at The Hague with his cousin-in-law Anton Mauve.",
"Mauve was a successful and noted artist, a leading member of the Hague School and a master colorist whose paintings found a ready market both home and abroad.",
"He had married van Gogh's cousin, Ariëtte (Jet) Carbentus, in 1874 while she was still very young and he was already established and successful, and as such was lionised by the van Gogh family.",
"At the time, he was busy with his massive \"Fishing Boat on the Beach\" that he was preparing for the next year's Salon, but he nevertheless found time for van Gogh to advise him on his drawings, inviting him to return in a few months time to review progress.",
"After a last, humiliating, effort to win Kee over, an episode that put an end to his religious faith for ever, Van Gogh returned to his parents' home in Etten in late 1881.",
"On Christmas Day that year he refused to attend church, provoking a violent quarrel with his father, a pastor, which resulted in his leaving home the very same day.",
"He returned to The Hague and studied further under Mauve.",
"Mauve helped him to establish a modest studio on the Schenkweg on the outer fringes of The Hague, lending him money to purchase furniture, and introduced him to the Pulchri Studio, The Hague's most important art society in which he himself played a major role.",
"He also introduced Van Gogh to painting, first in oils and then with watercolor."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | The title "The Usual Suspects" is derived from a line featured in which movie? | The Usual Suspects | false | 6MOVIES
| [
5
] | [
"The Usual Suspects is a 1995 American crime-thriller film directed by Bryan Singer and written by Christopher McQuarrie.",
"It stars Stephen Baldwin, Gabriel Byrne, Benicio del Toro, Chazz Palminteri, Kevin Pollak, Pete Postlethwaite, and Kevin Spacey.",
"The film follows the interrogation of Roger \"Verbal\" Kint, a small-time con man who is one of only two survivors of a massacre and fire on a ship docked at the Port of Los Angeles.",
"He tells an interrogator a convoluted story about events that led him and four other criminals to the boat, and of a mysterious mob boss known as Keyser Söze who commissioned their work.",
"Using flashback and narration, Kint's story becomes increasingly complex.",
"The film, shot on a $6 million budget, began as a title taken from a column in \"Spy\" magazine called \"The Usual Suspects\", after one of Claude Rains' most memorable lines in the classic film \"Casablanca.\"",
"Singer thought it would make a good title for a film, the poster for which he and McQuarrie had developed as the first visual idea.",
"\"The Usual Suspects\" was shown out of competition at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival, and then initially released in a few theaters.",
"It received favorable reviews, and was eventually given a wider release.",
"McQuarrie won an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) and Spacey won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance."
] | [] |
Critical reception | What was the Metacritic score for Season 1? | Orange Is the New Black | false | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"",
"\"Orange Is the New Black\" has received positive reviews from critics.",
"For Season 1, Metacritic gives a score of 79/100 based on reviews from 31 critics, indicating generally favorable reviews.",
"Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 89%, with an average rating of 8.4/10 based on 37 reviews.",
"The site's consensus is \"\"Orange Is the New Black\" is a sharp mix of black humor and dramatic heft, with interesting characters and an intriguing flashback structure.",
"\"Hank Steuver, television critic for \"The Washington Post\", gave \"Orange Is the New Black\" a perfect score.",
"In his review of the series, he stated: \"In Jenji Kohan's magnificent and thoroughly engrossing new series, \"Orange Is the New Black\", prison is still the pits.",
"But it is also filled with the entire range of human emotion and stories, all of which are brought vividly to life in a world where a stick of gum could ignite either a romance or a death threat\".",
"David Wiegand, of the \"San Francisco Chronicle\", said that \"In every case, there is an abiding feeling for character and authenticity that helps elevate \"Orange Is the New Black\" to a new definition of television excellence\".",
"Matt Roush, of \"TV Guide\", said: \"Netflix finally achieves its eureka moment with a terrifically entertaining piece of original programming that's truly and bracingly original.\"",
"Maureen Ryan, of \"The Huffington Post\", wrote: \"\"Orange\" is one of the best new programs of the year, and the six episodes I've seen have left me hungry to see more.\""
] | [
0
] |
Impact of the dissolution of the USSR on historical research | In which year did the USSR collapse? | October Revolution | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
5
] | [
"The dissolution of the USSR had an impact on historical interpretations of the October Revolution.",
"Since 1991, increasing access to large amounts of Soviet archival materials made it possible to re‑examine the October Revolution.",
"Though both Western and Russian historians now have access to many of these archives, the impact of the dissolution of the USSR can be seen most clearly in the work of historians in the former USSR.",
"While the disintegration essentially helped solidify the Western and Revisionist views, post-USSR Russian historians largely repudiated the former Soviet historical interpretation of the Revolution.",
"In other words, the established Soviet view of the October Revolution has been challenged, and consequently “Russian historians’ outlook has come closer to that of their Western conferes.” As Stephen Kotkin argues, 1991 prompted “a return to political history and the apparent resurrection of totalitarianism, the interpretive view that, in different ways…revisionists sought to bury”.",
"In other words, after 1991, there has been the revival among some historians of the “continuity thesis”, the idea that there was an uncomplicated, natural evolution from the October Revolution’s organizational structure to Stalin’s Gulags."
] | [] |
Abstract | When was "This Is Not A Film" released? | This Is Not a Film | false | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"This Is Not a Film () is an Iranian documentary film by Jafar Panahi and Mojtaba Mirtahmasb.",
"It was released on 28 September 2011 in France, distributed by Kanibal Films Distribution.",
"The film was smuggled from Iran to Cannes in a flash drive hidden inside a birthday cake.",
"It was specially screened at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and later at the New York Film Festival, and others.",
"It also took part in the International Competition of the 27th Warsaw International Film Festival."
] | [
2
] |
Mediterranean (1940–41) | When did Germany invade Yugoslavia and Greece? | World War II | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
16
] | [
"Mediterranean (1940–41).",
"Italy began operations in the Mediterranean, initiating a siege of Malta in June, conquering British Somaliland in August, and making an incursion into British-held Egypt in September 1940.",
"In October 1940, Italy started the Greco-Italian War due to Mussolini's jealousy of Hitler's success but within days was repulsed and pushed back into Albania, where a stalemate soon occurred.",
"The United Kingdom responded to Greek requests for assistance by sending troops to Crete and providing air support to Greece.",
"Hitler decided to take action against Greece when the weather improved to assist the Italians and prevent the British from gaining a foothold in the Balkans, to strike against the British naval dominance of the Mediterranean, and to secure his hold on Romanian oil.",
"In December 1940, British Commonwealth forces began counter-offensives against Italian forces in Egypt and Italian East Africa.",
"The offensive in North Africa was highly successful and by early February 1941 Italy had lost control of eastern Libya and large numbers of Italian troops had been taken prisoner.",
"The Italian Navy also suffered significant defeats, with the Royal Navy putting three Italian battleships out of commission by a carrier attack at Taranto, and neutralising several more warships at the Battle of Cape Matapan.",
"The Germans soon intervened to assist Italy.",
"Hitler sent German forces to Libya in February, and by the end of March they had launched an offensive which drove back the Commonwealth forces who had been weakened to support Greece.",
"In under a month, Commonwealth forces were pushed back into Egypt with the exception of the besieged port of Tobruk.",
"The Commonwealth attempted to dislodge Axis forces in May and again in June, but failed on both occasions.",
"By late March 1941, following Bulgaria's signing of the Tripartite Pact, the Germans were in position to intervene in Greece.",
"Plans were changed, however, due to developments in neighbouring Yugoslavia.",
"The Yugoslav government had signed the Tripartite Pact on 25 March, only to be overthrown two days later by a British-encouraged coup.",
"Hitler viewed the new regime as hostile and immediately decided to eliminate it.",
"On 6 April Germany simultaneously invaded both Yugoslavia and Greece, making rapid progress and forcing both nations to surrender within the month.",
"The British were driven from the Balkans after Germany conquered the Greek island of Crete by the end of May.",
"Although the Axis victory was swift, bitter partisan warfare subsequently broke out against the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia, which continued until the end of the war.",
"The Allies did have some successes during this time.",
"In the Middle East, Commonwealth forces first quashed an uprising in Iraq which had been supported by German aircraft from bases within Vichy-controlled Syria, then, with the assistance of the Free French, invaded Syria and Lebanon to prevent further such occurrences."
] | [
2
] |
Rewards | How many francs were provided to the higher officers? | Battle of Austerlitz | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"Napoleon's words to his troops after the battle were full of praise: \"Soldats!",
"Je suis content de vous\" ().",
"The Emperor provided two million golden francs to the higher officers and 200 francs to each soldier, with large pensions for the widows of the fallen.",
"Orphaned children were adopted by Napoleon personally and were allowed to add \"Napoleon\" to their baptismal and family names.",
"This battle is one of four that Napoleon never awarded a victory title, the others being Marengo, Jena and Friedland."
] | [
5
] |
Etymology | What language does the word chocolate come from? | Chocolate | true | 9FOOD
| [
2
] | [
"The word \"chocolate\" entered the English language from Spanish.",
"How the word came into Spanish is less certain, and there are competing explanations.",
"Perhaps the most cited explanation is that \"chocolate\" comes from Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs, from the word \"chocolātl\", which many sources derived from \"xocolātl\" , from \"xococ\" 'sour' or 'bitter', and \"ātl\" 'water' or 'drink'.",
"However, as William Bright noted, the word \"chocolatl\" does not occur in central Mexican colonial sources, making this an unlikely derivation.",
"Santamaria gives a derivation from the Yucatec Maya word \"chokol\" meaning 'hot', and the Nahuatl \"atl\" meaning 'water'.",
"Sophie and Michael D. Coe agree with this etymology.",
"Pointing to various sources dating from the time of the Spanish conquest, they identify \"cacahuatl\" (\"cacao water\") as the original Nahuatl word for the cold beverage consumed by the Aztecs.",
"Noting that using a word with \"caca\" in it to describe a thick brown beverage would not have gone over well with most speakers of Spanish because \"caca\" means 'faeces' in Spanish, the Coes suggest that the Spanish colonisers combined the Nahuatl \"atl\" with the Yucatec Maya \"chocol\", for, unlike the Aztec, the Maya tended to drink chocolate heated.",
"The Spanish preferred the warm Mayan preparation of the beverage to the cold Aztec one, and so the colonisers substituted \"chocol\" in place of the culturally unacceptable \"caca\".",
"More recently, Dakin and Wichmann derive it from another Nahuatl term, \"chicolatl\" from eastern Nahuatl, meaning \"beaten drink\".",
"They derive this term from the word for the frothing stick, \"chicoli\".",
"However, the Coes write that \"xicalli\" referred to the gourd out of which the beverage was consumed and that the use of a frothing stick (known as a \"molinillo\") was a product of creolisation between the Spanish and Aztec; the original frothing method used by the indigenous people was simply pouring the drink from a height into another vessel."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | In what year did Terminator Salvation come out? | Terminator Salvation | true | 6MOVIES
| [
6
] | [
"Terminator Salvation is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by McG and starring Christian Bale and Sam Worthington.",
"It is the fourth installment in the \"Terminator\" series.",
"In a departure from the previous installments, which were set between 1984 and 2004 and used time travel as a key plot element, \"Salvation\" is set in 2018 and focuses on the war between Skynet and humanity, with the human Resistance fighting against Skynet's killing machines.",
"Bale portrays John Connor, a Resistance fighter and the franchise's central character, while Worthington portrays cyborg Marcus Wright.",
"\"Terminator Salvation\" also features Anton Yelchin as a young Kyle Reese, a character first introduced in \"The Terminator\", and depicts the origin of the T-800 Model 101 Terminator.",
"After a troubled pre-production, with The Halcyon Company acquiring the rights for the franchise from Andrew G. Vajna and Mario Kassar and several writers working on the screenplay, filming began in May 2008 in New Mexico and ran for 77 days.",
"\"Terminator Salvation\" was released on May 21, 2009 in the United States and Canada, followed by early June releases in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.",
"Warner Bros. handled the North America release and Columbia Pictures the international one.",
"The film grossed over $371 million worldwide, but received negative reviews which criticized the story and the absence of Arnold Schwarzenegger, who was replaced by a digital computer graphics version."
] | [
0
] |
Product placement | Which company had a contract with Gossip Girl for its first five seasons? | Gossip Girl | false | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"",
"\"Gossip Girl\" is known for its product placement.",
"The show had a contract with Verizon Wireless for its first five seasons; all the characters were seen with phones chosen by the brand until the deal ended by the sixth season.",
"During their contract, Verizon Wireless offered exclusive \"Gossip Girl\" content and created a website where ringtones of the songs featured on the show could be downloaded.",
"In the summer of 2008, executives of VitaminWater approached The CW for a placement deal.",
"During the second season, the drinks were mentioned several times in dialogues.",
"The partnership helped pay the costs of shooting on location in the Hamptons.",
"An HP TouchPad was prominently displayed in an episode of the sixth season.",
"According to OneNewsNow.com, other sponsors have included Procter & Gamble, L'Oreal, Target and Johnson & Johnson, which allowed the series to earn $28.2 million in ad dollars in 2007."
] | [] |
Abstract | What is the difference between a main course salad and an appetizer salad? | Salad | true | 9FOOD
| [
9,
7
] | [
"Salad is a popular ready-to-eat dish often containing leafy vegetables, usually served chilled or at a moderate temperature and often served with a sauce or dressing.",
"Salads may also contain ingredients such as fruit, grain, meat, seafood and sweets.",
"Though many salads use raw ingredients, some use cooked ingredients.",
"Most salads are served cold, although some, such as south German potato salad, are served warm.",
"Some consider the warmth of a dish a factor that excludes it from the salad category calling the warm mixture a casserole, a sandwich topping or more specifically, name it for the ingredients which comprise it.",
"Leafy vegetable salads are generally served with a dressing, as well as various garnishes such as nuts or croutons, and sometimes with meat, fish, pasta, cheese, eggs, or whole grains.",
"Salads may be served at any point during a meal, such as:",
"Appetizer salads, light salads to stimulate the appetite as the first course of the meal.",
"Side salads, to accompany the main course as a side dish.",
"Main course salads, usually containing a portion of heartier fare, such as chicken breast or slices of beef.",
"Palate-cleansing salads, to settle the stomach after the main course.",
"Dessert salads, sweet versions often containing fruit, gelatin and/or whipped cream."
] | [
0
] |
Batting and baserunning tactics | What is a squeeze play? | Baseball | true | 4SPORT
| [
4
] | [
"Several basic offensive tactics come into play with a runner on first base, including the fundamental choice of whether to attempt a steal of second base.",
"The hit and run is sometimes employed with a skillful contact hitter: the runner takes off with the pitch drawing the shortstop or second baseman over to second base, creating a gap in the infield for the batter to poke the ball through.",
"The sacrifice bunt calls for the batter to focus on making contact with the ball so that it rolls a short distance into the infield, allowing the runner to advance into scoring position even at the expense of the batter being thrown out at first—a batter who succeeds is credited with a sacrifice.",
"(A batter, particularly one who is a fast runner, may also attempt to bunt for a hit.)",
"A sacrifice bunt employed with a runner on third base, aimed at bringing that runner home, is known as a squeeze play.",
"With a runner on third and fewer than two outs, a batter may instead concentrate on hitting a fly ball that, even if it is caught, will be deep enough to allow the runner to tag up and score—a successful batter in this case gets credit for a sacrifice fly.",
"The manager will sometimes signal a batter who is ahead in the count (i.e., has more balls than strikes) to take, or not swing at, the next pitch."
] | [
0
] |
Reception | What 2009 award did Lord of the Rings win? | The Lord of the Rings | true | 6MOVIES
| [
19
] | [
"While early reviews for The Lord of the Rings were mixed, reviews in various media have been, on the whole, highly positive and acknowledge Tolkien's literary achievement as a significant one.",
"On its initial review the \"Sunday Telegraph\" felt it was \"among the greatest works of imaginative fiction of the twentieth century.\"",
"The \"Sunday Times\" seemed to echo these sentiments when in its review it was stated that \"the English-speaking world is divided into those who have read \"The Lord of the Rings\" and \"The Hobbit\" and those who are going to read them.\"",
"The \"New York Herald Tribune\" also seemed to have an idea of how popular the books would become, writing in its review that they were \"destined to outlast our time.\"",
"W. H. Auden, an admirer of Tolkien's writings, regarded \"The Lord of the Rings\" as a \"masterpiece\", further stating that in some cases it outdid the achievement of John Milton's \"Paradise Lost\".",
"\"New York Times\" reviewer Judith Shulevitz criticized the \"pedantry\" of Tolkien's literary style, saying that he \"formulated a high-minded belief in the importance of his mission as a literary preservationist, which turns out to be death to literature itself.\"",
"Critic Richard Jenkyns, writing in \"The New Republic\", criticized the work for a lack of psychological depth.",
"Both the characters and the work itself are, according to Jenkyns, \"anemic, and lacking in fibre.\"",
"Even within Tolkien's literary group, The Inklings, reviews were mixed.",
"Hugo Dyson complained loudly at its readings.",
"However, another Inkling, C. S. Lewis, had very different feelings, writing, \"here are beauties which pierce like swords or burn like cold iron.",
"Here is a book which will break your heart.\"",
"Despite these reviews and its lack of paperback printing until the 1960s, \"The Lord of the Rings\" initially sold well in hardback.",
"In 1957, \"The Lord of the Rings\" was awarded the International Fantasy Award.",
"Despite its numerous detractors, the publication of the Ace Books and Ballantine paperbacks helped \"The Lord of the Rings\" become immensely popular in the United States in the 1960s.",
"The book has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the twentieth century, judged by both sales and reader surveys.",
"In the 2003 \"Big Read\" survey conducted in Britain by the BBC, \"The Lord of the Rings\" was found to be the \"Nation's best-loved book.\"",
"In similar 2004 polls both Germany and Australia also found \"The Lord of the Rings\" to be their favourite book.",
"In a 1999 poll of Amazon.com customers, \"The Lord of the Rings\" was judged to be their favourite \"book of the millennium.\"",
"\"The Lord of the Rings\" was awarded the Prometheus Hall of Fame Award in 2009."
] | [
0
] |
Casting | Who was unable to work on the film "Silver Linings Playbook" due to conflicts with the filming of The Dark Knight Rises? | Silver Linings Playbook | false | 6MOVIES
| [
6
] | [
"Russell initially intended to make the film with Vince Vaughn and Zooey Deschanel, but went on to make \"The Fighter\" instead.",
"Mark Wahlberg was set to work with Russell for the fourth time but had to drop out after delays in production created a scheduling conflict.",
"Russell had planned to work with Bradley Cooper on an adaptation of \"Pride and Prejudice and Zombies\", but that fell through.",
"Cooper's performance in \"Wedding Crashers\" impressed Russell, who noted his \"good bad-guy energy\", saying \"You're not sure where he's coming from.\"",
"Cooper told Russell \"he had been heavier and angrier and more fearful\" at the time of that performance and had drawn on those feelings for it.",
"Russell was excited that Cooper would bring those qualities to Pat Solatano.",
"Anne Hathaway was cast as Tiffany Maxwell but due to scheduling conflicts with \"The Dark Knight Rises\" and creative differences with Russell, she dropped out.",
"Other actresses who were considered for the part included Elizabeth Banks, Kirsten Dunst, Angelina Jolie, Blake Lively, Rooney Mara, Rachel McAdams, Andrea Riseborough and Olivia Wilde.",
"Russell did not believe Lawrence was suitable for the role and her audition was only a formality.",
"He thought Lawrence (21 at the time of filming) was too young to play against Cooper (37), but her audition changed his mind.",
"\"There's an expressiveness in her eyes and in her face, that many stars have to work for, that's ageless,\" he said.",
"Russell compares Lawrence to the character Tiffany, describing her as confident but one of the least neurotic people he knows, with the confidence and glimpses of vulnerability needed to play Tiffany.",
"Tiffany went through several iterations.",
"She was initially meant to be a goth.",
"Lawrence dyed her hair black and did test shoots in heavy goth makeup, but Harvey Weinstein balked at this.",
"The character remained messed-up yet confident, with small goth touches such as the dark hair and a cross.",
"To her surprise Russell asked Lawrence to put on weight for the role.",
"Russell also convinced her to speak in a lower register, despite Lawrence thinking her naturally low voice makes her sound like a \"chain-smoking hermit.",
"\"According to \"Entertainment Weekly\", Lawrence said she didn't have a handle on Tiffany at first, which was what excited her about the role.",
"\"She was just a character I 100 percent did not understand at all... She's like, 'I'm messed up, I'm not like everybody else, I've got issues.",
"Take it or leave it because I like myself.",
"Lawrence and Cooper had no previous dance experience.",
"In less than a month, Mandy Moore, a choreographer for \"So You Think You Can Dance\", taught them the dance sequences.",
"Moore describes Cooper as having \"some real natural dancing ability\" and Lawrence joked that before training began, she was a bad dancer, \"like I'm a dad at a prom.\"",
"Lawrence said of the climactic ballroom dance, \"None of that was improvised, absolutely not.",
"I'm a terrible dancer, so I would never have been able to do any of that.",
"When it finally came together, that scene really was just as fun as it feels.\""
] | [
3
] |
Architecture | How many Orthodox churches have been rebuilt since 1991? | Russia | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
14
] | [
"Since the Christianization of Kievan Rus' for several ages Russian architecture was influenced predominantly by the Byzantine architecture.",
"Apart from fortifications (kremlins), the main stone buildings of ancient Rus' were Orthodox churches with their many domes, often gilded or brightly painted.",
"Aristotle Fioravanti and other Italian architects brought Renaissance trends into Russia since the late 15th century, while the 16th century saw the development of unique tent-like churches culminating in Saint Basil's Cathedral.",
"By that time the onion dome design was also fully developed.",
"In the 17th century, the \"fiery style\" of ornamentation flourished in Moscow and Yaroslavl, gradually paving the way for the Naryshkin baroque of the 1690s.",
"After the reforms of Peter the Great the change of architectural styles in Russia generally followed that in the Western Europe.",
"The 18th-century taste for rococo architecture led to the ornate works of Bartolomeo Rastrelli and his followers.",
"The reigns of Catherine the Great and her grandson Alexander I saw the flourishing of Neoclassical architecture, most notably in the capital city of Saint Petersburg.",
"The second half of the 19th century was dominated by the Neo-Byzantine and Russian Revival styles.",
"Prevalent styles of the 20th century were the Art Nouveau, Constructivism, and the Stalin Empire style.",
"In 1955, a new Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, condemned the \"excesses\" of the former academic architecture, and the late Soviet era was dominated by plain functionalism in architecture.",
"This helped somewhat to resolve the housing problem, but created a large quantity of buildings of low architectural quality, much in contrast with the previous bright styles.",
"The situation improved in the recent two decades.",
"Many temples demolished in Soviet times were rebuilt, and this process continues along with the restoration of various historical buildings destroyed in World War II.",
"A total of 23,000 Orthodox churches have been rebuilt between 1991 and 2010, which effectively quadrapled the number of operating churches in Russia."
] | [
5
] |
Cast | Who played Sarah Connor, the Terminator's main target, in the movie "Terminator"? | The Terminator | false | 6MOVIES
| [
5
] | [
"Arnold Schwarzenegger as The Terminator, a cyborg disguised as a human being sent back in time to assassinate Sarah Connor.",
"Schwarzenegger speaks only 18 lines in the film, and less than 100 words.",
"James Cameron said that \"Somehow, even his accent worked...",
"It had a strange synthesized quality, like they hadn't gotten the voice thing quite worked out.",
"\"",
"Linda Hamilton as Sarah Connor, the Terminator's target who is soon to be the mother of the future Resistance leader John Connor.",
"Michael Biehn as Kyle Reese, a human Resistance fighter sent back in time to protect Sarah.",
"Paul Winfield as Ed Traxler, a police Lieutenant who questions Sarah.",
"Lance Henriksen as Hal Vukovich, a police detective who questions Sarah.",
"Earl Boen as Dr. Silberman, a criminal psychologist.",
"Additional actors included Bess Motta as Ginger Ventura; Rick Rossovich as Matt Buchanan; Dick Miller as the gun shop clerk; Shawn Schepps as Nancy; Bruce M. Kerner as the desk sergeant; Schwarzenegger's friend and workout partner, professional bodybuilder Franco Columbu as a Terminator in 2029; and Bill Paxton, Brad Rearden, and Brian Thompson as punks who are confronted by the Terminator; Marianne Muellerleile as one of the other women with the name \"Sarah Connor\" who was shot by the Terminator."
] | [
3
] |
In RNA processing | How do snoRNAs guide enzymes to spots along an RNA strand? | RNA | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
3
] | [
"Many RNAs are involved in modifying other RNAs.",
"Introns are spliced out of pre-mRNA by spliceosomes, which contain several small nuclear RNAs (snRNA), or the introns can be ribozymes that are spliced by themselves.RNA can also be altered by having its nucleotides modified to other nucleotides than A, C, G and U.",
"In eukaryotes, modifications of RNA nucleotides are in general directed by small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA; 60-300 nt), found in the nucleolus and cajal bodies.",
"snoRNAs associate with enzymes and guide them to a spot on an RNA by basepairing to that RNA.",
"These enzymes then perform the nucleotide modification.",
"rRNAs and tRNAs are extensively modified, but snRNAs and mRNAs can also be the target of base modification.",
"RNA can also be methylated."
] | [
5
] |
Reception | What rank did Das Boot hold in Empire Magazine? | Das Boot | true | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"The film drew highest critical acclaim and is seen as one of the greatest of all German films.",
"For its unsurpassed authenticity in tension and realism, it is regarded internationally as pre-eminent among all submarine films.",
"The film was ranked #25 in \"Empire\" magazine's \"The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema\" in 2010.",
"It currently holds a 98% Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes, well into the 32-nd year of its release (as of July 2013).",
"In late 2007, there was an exhibition about the film \"Das Boot\", as well as about the real U-Boat \"U-96\", at the Haus der Geschichte (House of German History) in Bonn.",
"Over 100,000 people visited the exhibition during its four-month run."
] | [
0
] |
Ethical issues of cloning | what are bioethics views on the ethics of cloning? | Cloning | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"In bioethics, the ethics of cloning' refers to a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning, especially human cloning.",
"While many of these views are religious in origin, the questions raised by cloning are faced by secular perspectives as well.",
"Perspectives on human cloning are theoretical, as human therapeutic and reproductive cloning are not commercially used; animals are currently cloned in laboratories and in livestock production.",
"Advocates support development of therapeutic cloning in order to generate tissues and whole organs to treat patients who otherwise cannot obtain transplants, to avoid the need for immunosuppressive drugs, and to stave off the effects of aging.",
"Advocates for reproductive cloning believe that parents who cannot otherwise procreate should have access to the technology.",
"Opponents of cloning have concerns that technology is not yet developed enough to be safe, that it could be prone to abuse (leading to the generation of humans from whom organs and tissues would be harvested), and have concerns about how cloned individuals could integrate with families and with society at large.",
"Religious groups are divided, with some opposing the technology as usurping God's place and, to the extent embryos are used, destroying a human life; others support therapeutic cloning's potential life-saving benefits.",
"Cloning of animals is opposed by animal-groups due to the number of cloned animals that suffer from malformations before they die, and while food from cloned animals has been approved by the US FDA, its use is opposed by groups concerned about food safety."
] | [
0
] |
Critical response | Who is the reporter that was critical of the film American Hustle? | American Hustle | true | 6MOVIES
| [
12
] | [
"",
"\"American Hustle\" received critical acclaim upon its release.",
"The cast received praise for their performances, notably Adams and Lawrence.",
"Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 93% rating, based on reviews from 240 critics with an average score of 8.2/10.",
"The site's consensus reads, \"Riotously funny and impeccably cast, \"American Hustle\" compensates for its flaws with unbridled energy and some of David O. Russell's most irrepressibly vibrant direction.\"",
"Metacritic gives a score of 90/100, indicating \"universal acclaim\", based on reviews from 47 critics.",
"Christy Lemire awarded the film four out of four stars, praising David O. Russell's directing and the relationship between Irving and Sydney, as well as Jennifer Lawrence's portrayal of Rosalyn.",
"She writes: \"For all its brashness and big personality, \"American Hustle\" is a character study at its core—an exploration of dissatisfaction and drive, and the lengths to which we're willing to go for that elusive thing known as a better life.\"",
"Richard Roeper of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film an A+, especially complimenting Bradley Cooper's performance and stating that \"American Hustle\" was \"the best time I've had at the movies all year.\"",
"He later named it the year's best film.",
"\"Time\" magazine's Richard Corliss wrote, \"\"American Hustle\" is an urban eruption of flat-out fun — the sharpest, most exhilarating comedy in years.",
"Anyone who says otherwise must be conning you.",
"\"Peter Debruge of \"Variety\" was critical of the film, calling it \"a sloppy sprawl of a movie\" and complaining that the improvisational performances overwhelm instead of adding to a coherent plot.\"",
"He also went on to write that it \"makes your brain hurt — and worse, overwhelms the already overcomplicated Abscam retelling at the center of the film.\""
] | [
3
] |
Music and dance | Are the genres of pop, rock, hiphop, and heavy metal popular? | Spain | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
2
] | [
"Spanish music is often considered abroad to be synonymous with flamenco, a West Andalusian musical genre, which, contrary to popular belief, is not widespread outside that region.",
"Various regional styles of folk music abound in Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Castile, the Basque Country, Galicia and Asturias.",
"Pop, rock, hip hop and heavy metal are also popular.",
"In the field of classical music, Spain has produced a number of noted composers such as Isaac Albéniz, Manuel de Falla and Enrique Granados and singers and performers such as Plácido Domingo, José Carreras, Montserrat Caballé, Alicia de Larrocha, Alfredo Kraus, Pablo Casals, Ricardo Viñes, José Iturbi, Pablo de Sarasate, Jordi Savall and Teresa Berganza.",
"In Spain there are over forty professional orchestras, including the Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona, Orquesta Nacional de España and the Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid.",
"Major opera houses include the Teatro Real,the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Teatro Arriaga and the El Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía.",
"Thousands of music fans also travel to Spain each year for internationally recognised summer music festivals Sónar which often features the top up and coming pop and techno acts, and Benicàssim which tends to feature alternative rock and dance acts.",
"Both festivals mark Spain as an international music presence and reflect the tastes of young people in the country.",
"The most popular traditional musical instrument, the guitar, originated in Spain.",
"Typical of the north are the traditional bag pipers or \"gaiteros\", mainly in Asturias and Galicia."
] | [] |
Accolades | Who won won the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing, tying with "Skyfall"? | Zero Dark Thirty | false | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Zero Dark Thirty\" was nominated for five Academy Awards at the 85th Academy Awards, including Best Picture,Best Actress, Best Original Screenplay, Best Sound Editing and Best Film Editing.",
"Paul N. J. Ottosson won the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing, tying with \"Skyfall\".",
"This was only the sixth tie in Academy Awards history, and the first since 1994.",
"\"Zero Dark Thirty\" was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards at the 70th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Screenplay, with Chastain winning Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama.",
"The Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association's award for Best Director was given to Bigelow, the second time the honor has gone to a woman (the first also being Bigelow for \"The Hurt Locker\").",
"The film swept critics groups' awards for Best Director and Best Picture including the Washington D.C., New York Film Critics Online, Chicago and Boston film critics associations."
] | [
3
] |
Expert assessments | At what point in time did the Rembrandt Research Project star? | Rembrandt | true | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"In 1968 the Rembrandt Research Project began under the sponsorship of the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Scientific Research; it was initially expected to last a highly optimistic ten years.",
"Art historians teamed up with experts from other fields to reassess the authenticity of works attributed to Rembrandt, using all methods available, including state-of-the-art technical diagnostics, and to compile a complete new catalogue raisonné of his paintings.",
"As a result of their findings, many paintings that were previously attributed to Rembrandt have been removed from their list, although others have been added back.",
"Many of those removed are now thought to be the work of his students.",
"One example of activity is \"The Polish Rider\", in New York's Frick Collection.",
"Rembrandt's authorship had been questioned by at least one scholar, Alfred von Wurzbach, at the beginning of the twentieth century, but for many decades later most scholars, including the foremost authority writing in English, Julius S. Held, agreed that it was indeed by the master.",
"In the 1980s, however, Dr. Josua Bruyn of the Foundation Rembrandt Research Project, cautiously and tentatively attributed the painting to one of Rembrandt's closest and most talented pupils, Willem Drost, about whom little is known.",
"But Bruyn's remained a minority opinion, the suggestion of Drost's authorship is now generally rejected, and the Frick itself never changed its own attribution, the label still reading \"Rembrandt\" and not \"attributed to\" or \"school of\".",
"More recent opinion has shifted even more decisively in favor of the Frick, with Simon Schama in his 1999 book \"Rembrandt's Eyes\", and a Rembrandt Project scholar, Ernst van de Wetering (Melbourne Symposium, 1997) both arguing for attribution to the master.",
"Those few scholars who still question Rembrandt's authorship feel that the execution is uneven, and favour different attributions for different parts of the work.",
"A similar issue was raised by Simon Schama in his book \"Rembrandt's Eye\" concerning the verification of titles associated with the subject matter depicted in Rembrandt's works.",
"For example, the exact subject being portrayed in \"Aristotle with a Bust of Homer\" (recently retitled by curators at the Metropolitan Museum) has been directly challenged by Schama applying the scholarship of Paul Crenshaw.",
"Schama presents a substantial argument that it was the famous ancient Greek painter Apelles who is depicted in contemplation by Rembrandt and not Aristotle.",
"Another painting, \"Pilate Washing His Hands\", is also of questionable attribution.",
"Critical opinion of this picture has varied since 1905, when Wilhelm von Bode described it as \"a somewhat abnormal work\" by Rembrandt.",
"Scholars have since dated the painting to the 1660s and assigned it to an anonymous pupil, possibly Aert de Gelder.",
"The composition bears superficial resemblance to mature works by Rembrandt but lacks the master's command of illumination and modeling.",
"The attribution and re-attribution work is ongoing.",
"In 2005 four oil paintings previously attributed to Rembrandt's students were reclassified as the work of Rembrandt himself: \"Study of an Old Man in Profile\" and \"Study of an Old Man with a Beard\" from a US private collection, \"Study of a Weeping Woman\", owned by the Detroit Institute of Arts, and \"Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet\", painted in 1640.",
"Rembrandt's own studio practice is a major factor in the difficulty of attribution, since, like many masters before him, he encouraged his students to copy his paintings, sometimes finishing or retouching them to be sold as originals, and sometimes selling them as authorized copies.",
"Additionally, his style proved easy enough for his most talented students to emulate.",
"Further complicating matters is the uneven quality of some of Rembrandt's own work, and his frequent stylistic evolutions and experiments.",
"As well, there were later imitations of his work, and restorations which so seriously damaged the original works that they are no longer recognizable.",
"It is highly likely that there will never be universal agreement as to what does and what does not constitute a genuine Rembrandt."
] | [
0
] |
Theoretical astrophysics | Which tool gauges the properties of big structures? | Astrophysics | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
10
] | [
"Theoretical astrophysicists use a wide variety of tools which include analytical models (for example, polytropes to approximate the behaviors of a star) and computational numerical simulations.",
"Each has some advantages.",
"Analytical models of a process are generally better for giving insight into the heart of what is going on.",
"Numerical models can reveal the existence of phenomena and effects that would otherwise not be seen.",
"Theorists in astrophysics endeavor to create theoretical models and figure out the observational consequences of those models.",
"This helps allow observers to look for data that can refute a model or help in choosing between several alternate or conflicting models.",
"Theorists also try to generate or modify models to take into account new data.",
"In the case of an inconsistency, the general tendency is to try to make minimal modifications to the model to fit the data.",
"In some cases, a large amount of inconsistent data over time may lead to total abandonment of a model.",
"Topics studied by theoretical astrophysicists include: stellar dynamics and evolution; galaxy formation and evolution; magnetohydrodynamics; large-scale structure of matter in the universe; origin of cosmic rays; general relativity and physical cosmology, including string cosmology and astroparticle physics.",
"Astrophysical relativity serves as a tool to gauge the properties of large scale structures for which gravitation plays a significant role in physical phenomena investigated and as the basis for black hole (\"astro\")physics and the study of gravitational waves.",
"Some widely accepted and studied theories and models in astrophysics, now included in the Lambda-CDM model are the Big Bang, Cosmic inflation, dark matter, dark energy and fundamental theories of physics.",
"Wormholes are examples of hypotheses which are yet to be proven (or disproven)."
] | [] |
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