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Influence of El Greco | When did Picasso start Les Demoiselles? | Les Demoiselles d'Avignon | true | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"In 1907, when Picasso began to work on \"Les Demoiselles\", one of the old master painters he greatly admired was El Greco (1541–1614).",
"At the time El Greco was largely obscure and under-appreciated.",
"Picasso's friend Ignacio Zuloaga (1870–1945) acquired El Greco's masterpiece, the \"Opening of the Fifth Seal\", in 1897 for 1000 pesetas.",
"While Picasso was working on , he visited his friend Ignacio Zuloaga in his studio in Paris and studied El Greco's \"Opening of the Fifth Seal.\"",
"The relation between and the \"Opening of the Fifth Seal\" was pinpointed in the early 1980s, when the stylistic similarities and the relationship between the motifs and visually identifying qualities of both works were analysed.",
"El Greco's painting which Picasso studied over and over in Zuloaga's house inspired not only the size, format, and composition of \"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon\" but it inspired its apocalyptic power.",
"Later, speaking of the work to Dor de la Souchère in Antibes, Picasso said: \"In any case, only the execution counts.",
"From this point of view, it is correct to say that Cubism has a Spanish origin and that I invented Cubism.",
"We must look for the Spanish influence in Cézanne.",
"Things themselves necessitate it, the influence of El Greco, a Venetian painter, on him.",
"But his structure is Cubist.",
"\"The relationship of the painting to other group portraits in the Western tradition, such as \"Diana and Callisto\" by Titian (1488–1576), and the same subject by Rubens (1577–1640), in the Prado, has also been discussed."
] | [
2
] |
Record sale at auction | How much was "The Card Players" reportedly sold for? | The Scream | false | 3ART
| [
6
] | [
"The 1895 pastel-on-board version of the painting, owned by Norwegian businessman Petter Olsen, sold at Sotheby's for a record US$120 million at auction on 2 May 2012.",
"The bidding started at $40 million and lasted for over 12 minutes when Leon Black by phone gave the final offer of US$119,922,500, including the buyer's premium.",
"Sotheby's said the painting was the most colorful and vibrant of the four versions painted by Munch and the only version whose frame was hand-painted by the artist to include his poem, detailing the work's inspiration.",
"After the sale, Sotheby's auctioneer Tobias Meyer said the painting was \"worth every penny\", adding: \"It is one of the great icons of art in the world and whoever bought it should be congratulated.",
"\"The previous record for the most expensive work of art sold at auction had been held by Picasso's \"Nude, Green Leaves and Bust\", which went for US$106.5 million at Christie's two years prior on 4 May 2010.",
"When accounting for inflation, the highest price paid for art at an auction is still held by Van Gogh's \"Portrait of Dr. Gachet\", which sold for $82.5 million in 1990, or about $ million 2012 dollars.",
"There have been reports that \"The Card Players\", by Cézanne, sold privately for $250m in 2011, which can not be verified for the establishment of a record price."
] | [
5
] |
Flora | How many species of trees and other vascular plants are in Yellowstone National Park? | Yellowstone National Park | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"Over 1,700 species of trees and other vascular plants are native to the park.",
"Another 170 species are considered to be exotic species and are non-native.",
"Of the eight conifer tree species documented, Lodgepole Pine forests cover 80% of the total forested areas.",
"Other conifers, such as Subalpine Fir, Engelmann Spruce, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir and Whitebark Pine, are found in scattered groves throughout the park.",
"As of 2007, the whitebark pine is threatened by a fungus known as white pine blister rust; however, this is mostly confined to forests well to the north and west.",
"In Yellowstone, about seven percent of the whitebark pine species have been impacted with the fungus, compared to nearly complete infestations in northwestern Montana.",
"Quaking Aspen and willows are the most common species of deciduous trees.",
"The aspen forests have declined significantly since the early 20th century, but scientists at Oregon State University attribute recent recovery of the aspen to the reintroduction of wolves which has changed the grazing habits of local elk.",
"There are dozens of species of flowering plants that have been identified, most of which bloom between the months of May and September.",
"The Yellowstone Sand Verbena is a rare flowering plant found only in Yellowstone.",
"It is closely related to species usually found in much warmer climates, making the sand verbena an enigma.",
"The estimated 8,000 examples of this rare flowering plant all make their home in the sandy soils on the shores of Yellowstone Lake, well above the waterline.",
"In Yellowstone's hot waters, bacteria form mats of bizarre shapes consisting of trillions of individuals.",
"These bacteria are some of the most primitive life forms on earth.",
"Flies and other arthropods live on the mats, even in the middle of the bitterly cold winters.",
"Initially, scientists thought that microbes there gained sustenance only from sulfur.",
"In 2005 researchers from the University of Colorado at Boulder discovered that the sustenance for at least some of the diverse hyperthermophilic species is molecular hydrogen.",
"\"Thermus aquaticus\" is a bacterium found in the Yellowstone hot springs that produces an important enzyme (Taq polymerase) that is easily replicated in the lab and is useful in replicating DNA as part of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process.",
"The retrieval of these bacteria can be achieved with no impact to the ecosystem.",
"Other bacteria in the Yellowstone hot springs may also prove useful to scientists who are searching for cures for various diseases.",
"Non-native plants sometimes threaten native species by using up nutrient resources.",
"Though exotic species are most commonly found in areas with the greatest human visitation, such as near roads and at major tourist areas, they have also spread into the backcountry.",
"Generally, most exotic species are controlled by pulling the plants out of the soil or by spraying, both of which are time consuming and expensive."
] | [
5
] |
Production | What was the movie "Jiro Dreams of Sushi" originally supposed to be named? | Jiro Dreams of Sushi | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"Initially, Gelb had planned to do what he had nicknamed \"Planet Sushi\", inspired by the cinematography of the BBC documentary \"Planet Earth\":\"Originally, I was going to make a film with a lot of different sushi chefs who all had different styles, but when I got to Jiro's restaurant, I was not only amazed by how good the sushi was and how much greater it was than any other sushi restaurant I had ever been to, but I also found Jiro to be such a compelling character and such an interesting person.",
"I was also fascinated by the story of his son, who is fifty-years-old, but still works for his father at the restaurant.",
"So, I thought, 'Here's a story about a person living in his father's shadow while his father is in a relentless pursuit of perfection.'",
"It was the makings of a good feature film.",
"\"Principal photography took Gelb one month (January 2010), augmented by additional scenes shot later that year in August; editing took 10 months."
] | [
0
] |
Style and technique | How many works of art were created by Pablo Picasso? | Pablo Picasso | true | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"Picasso was exceptionally prolific throughout his long lifetime.",
"The total number of artworks he produced has been estimated at 50,000, comprising 1,885 paintings; 1,228 sculptures; 2,880 ceramics, roughly 12,000 drawings, many thousands of prints, and numerous tapestries and rugs.",
"The medium in which Picasso made his most important contribution was painting.",
"In his paintings, Picasso used color as an expressive element, but relied on drawing rather than subtleties of color to create form and space.",
"He sometimes added sand to his paint to vary its texture.",
"A nanoprobe of Picasso's \"The Red Armchair\" (1931) by physicists at Argonne National Laboratory in 2012 confirmed art historians' belief that Picasso used common house paint in many of his paintings.",
"Much of his painting was done at night by artificial light.",
"Picasso's early sculptures were carved from wood or modeled in wax or clay, but from 1909 to 1928 Picasso abandoned modeling and instead made sculptural constructions using diverse materials.",
"An example is \"Guitar\" (1912), a relief construction made of sheet metal and wire that Jane Fluegel terms a \"three-dimensional planar counterpart of Cubist painting\" that marks a \"revolutionary departure from the traditional approaches, modeling and carving\".",
"From the beginning of his career, Picasso displayed an interest in subject matter of every kind, and demonstrated a great stylistic versatility that enabled him to work in several styles at once.",
"For example, his paintings of 1917 included the pointillist \"Woman with a Mantilla\", the Cubist \"Figure in an Armchair\", and the naturalistic \"Harlequin\" (all in the Museu Picasso, Barcelona).",
"In 1919, he made a number of drawings from postcards and photographs that reflect his interest in the stylistic conventions and static character of posed photographs.",
"In 1921 he simultaneously painted several large neoclassical paintings and two versions of the Cubist composition \"Three Musicians\" (Museum of Modern Art, New York; Philadelphia Museum of Art).",
"In an interview published in 1923, Picasso said, \"The several manners I have used in my art must not be considered as an evolution, or as steps towards an unknown ideal of painting … If the subjects I have wanted to express have suggested different ways of expression I have never hesitated to adopt them.",
"\"Although his Cubist works approach abstraction, Picasso never relinquished the objects of the real world as subject matter.",
"Prominent in his Cubist paintings are forms easily recognized as guitars, violins, and bottles.",
"When Picasso depicted complex narrative scenes it was usually in prints, drawings, and small-scale works; \"Guernica\" (1937) is one of his few large narrative paintings.",
"Picasso painted mostly from imagination or memory.",
"According to William Rubin, Picasso \"could only make great art from subjects that truly involved him ….",
"Unlike Matisse, Picasso had eschewed models virtually all his mature life, preferring to paint individuals whose lives had both impinged on, and had real significance for, his own.\"",
"The art critic Arthur Danto said Picasso's work constitutes a \"vast pictorial autobiography\" that provides some basis for the popular conception that \"Picasso invented a new style each time he fell in love with a new woman\".",
"The autobiographical nature of Picasso's art is reinforced by his habit of dating his works, often to the day.",
"He explained: \"I want to leave to posterity a documentation that will be as complete as possible.",
"That's why I put a date on everything I do.\""
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | What areas of research does physics cross with? | Physics | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
4
] | [
"Physics (from , from \"phúsis\" \"nature\") is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force.",
"More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.",
"Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy.",
"Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right.",
"Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined.",
"New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy.",
"Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs.",
"For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus."
] | [
0
] |
Association | In what way is croquet different from other sports? | Croquet | false | 4SPORT
| [
23
] | [
"Association croquet is the name of an advanced game of croquet, played at international level.",
"It involves four balls teamed in pairs, with both balls going through every hoop for one pair to win.",
"The game's distinguishing feature is the \"croquet\" shot: when certain balls hit other balls, extra shots are allowed.",
"The six hoops are arranged three at each end of the court, with a centre peg.",
"In association croquet one side takes the black and blue balls, the other takes red and yellow.",
"At each turn, players can choose to play with either of their balls for that turn.",
"At the start of a turn, the player plays a stroke.",
"If the player either hits the ball through the correct hoop (\"runs\" the hoop), or hits another ball (a \"roquet\"), the turn continues.",
"Following a roquet, the player picks up his or her own ball and puts it down next to the ball that it hit.",
"The next shot is played with the two balls touching: this is the \"croquet stroke\" from which the game takes its name.",
"After the croquet stroke, the player plays a \"continuation\" stroke, during which the player may again attempt to make a roquet or run a hoop.",
"Each of the other three balls may be roqueted once in a turn before a hoop is run, after which they become available to be roqueted again.",
"The winner of the game is the team who completes the set circuit of six hoops (and then back again the other way), with both balls, and then strikes the centre peg (making a total of 13 points per ball = 26).",
"Good players may make \"breaks\" of several hoops in a single turn.",
"The best players may take a ball round a full circuit in one turn.",
"\"Advanced play\" (a variant of association play for expert players) gives penalties to a player who runs certain hoops in a turn, to allow the opponent a chance of getting back into the game; feats of skill such as triple peels or better, in which the partner ball (or occasionally an opponent ball) is caused to run a number of hoops in a turn by the striker's ball help avoid these penalties.",
"A handicap system ('bisques') provides less experienced players a chance of winning against more formidable opponents.",
"Players of all ages and both sexes compete on level terms.",
"The World Championships are organised by the World Croquet Federation (WCF) and usually take place every 2 or 3 years.",
"The New Zealand team won the last MacRobertson International Croquet Shield tournament, which is the major international test tour trophy in association croquet.",
"It is contested every three to four years between Australia, Great Britain, the United States and New Zealand.",
"Historically the British have been the dominant force, winning 14 times out of the 20 times the event has been held.",
"In individual competition, the UK is often divided by subnational country (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales).",
"Unlike most sports, men and women compete and are ranked together.",
"As of 2013, the Association Croquet World Champion is Robert Fletcher of Australia and the Women's Association Croquet World Champion is Jenny Clarke of New Zealand.",
"The world's top 10 association croquet players as of February 2014 are Robert Fletcher (Australia), Chris Clarke (New Zealand), Reg Bamford (South Africa), Paddy Chapman (New Zealand), Aaron Westerby (New Zealand), Greg Bryant (New Zealand), Toby Garrison (New Zealand), Robert Fulford (England), David Maugham (England), and Jamie Burch (England).",
"Three women have won the British Open Championship: Lily Gower in 1905, Dorothy Steel in 1925, 1933, 1935 and 1936, and Hope Rotherham in 1960.",
"While male players are in the majority at club level in the UK, the opposite is the case in Australia and New Zealand.",
"The governing body in England is The Croquet Association, which has been the driving force of the development of the game.",
"The rules and tournament regulations are now maintained by the International Laws Committee, established by the croquet associations of England and Wales (CA), Australia (ACA), New Zealand (CNZ) and the United States (USCA)."
] | [
0
] |
Architecture | What inspired the creation of St. Peter's in Adelaide, Australia? | Notre Dame de Paris | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
9
] | [
"Notre-Dame de Paris was among the first buildings in the world to use the flying buttress (arched exterior supports).",
"The building was not originally designed to include the flying buttresses around the choir and nave but after the construction began, the thinner walls (popularized in the Gothic style) grew ever higher and stress fractures began to occur as the walls pushed outward.",
"In response, the cathedral's architects built supports around the outside walls, and later additions continued the pattern.",
"Many small individually crafted statues were placed around the outside to serve as column supports and water spouts.",
"Among these are the famous gargoyles, designed for water run-off, and chimeras.",
"The statues were originally colored as was most of the exterior.",
"The paint has worn off, but the gray stone was once covered with vivid colors.",
"The cathedral was essentially complete by 1345.",
"The cathedral has a narrow climb of 387 steps at the top of several spiral staircases; along the climb it is possible to view its most famous bell and its gargoyles in close quarters, as well as having a spectacular view across Paris when reaching the top.",
"The design of St. Peter's Anglican Cathedral in Adelaide, Australia was inspired by Notre-Dame de Paris."
] | [
0
] |
Track listing | How long is Adele's "Rolling in the Deep"? | Rolling in the Deep | true | 0MUSIC
| [
1,
3,
4,
5,
6,
8
] | [
"Digital download",
"\"Rolling in the Deep\" – 3:48",
"Digital EP",
"\"Rolling in the Deep\" – 3:48",
"\"Rolling in the Deep (Jamie xx Shuffle)\" – 4:17",
"\"Rolling in the Deep (Acapella)\" – 3:56",
"\"Rolling in the Deep (Avicii Remix)\" – 4:25",
"CD single",
"\"Rolling in the Deep\" – 3:48",
"\"If It Hadn't Been for Love\" (written by Mike Henderson and Chris Stapleton) – 3:09"
] | [
5
] |
Demographics | Where does 93% of Venezuela's populace live? | Venezuela | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north, especially in the capital Caracas, which is also the largest city.",
"About 93% of the population lives in urban areas in northern Venezuela; 73% live less than from the coastline.",
"Though almost half of Venezuela's land area lies south of the Orinoco, only 5% of Venezuelans live there.",
"The largest and most important city south of the Orinoco is Ciudad Guayana, which is the sixth most populous conurbation.",
"Other major cities include Barquisimeto, Valencia, Maracay, Maracaibo, Mérida, San Cristóbal and Barcelona-Puerto La Cruz."
] | [
4
] |
Culture | During what years were the basics of Hindu literature created? | India | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Indian cultural history spans more than 4,500 years.",
"During the Vedic period (c. 1700 – 500 BCE), the foundations of Hindu philosophy, mythology, and literature were laid, and many beliefs and practices which still exist today, such as \"dhárma\", \"kárma\", \"yóga\", and \"mokṣa\", were established.",
"India is notable for its religious diversity, with Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity, and Jainism among the nation's major religions.",
"The predominant religion, Hinduism, has been shaped by various historical schools of thought, including those of the \"Upanishads\", the \"Yoga Sutras\", the \"Bhakti\" movement, and by Buddhist philosophy."
] | [
0
] |
Scoring | What is the goal of golf? | Golf | false | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"In every form of play, the goal is to play as few strokes per round as possible.",
"A golfer's score is usually expressed as the difference between the player's number of strokes and the par score.",
"A hole in one (or an \"ace\") occurs when a golfer sinks his ball into the cup with his first stroke from the tee.",
"Common scores for a hole also have specific terms."
] | [
0
] |
28 June 1932 | What year did the Thailand legislative assembly meet? | Thailand | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
5
] | [
"Prior to 1932, the Kingdom of Siam did not possess a legislature, as all legislative powers were vested within the person of the monarch.",
"This had been the case since the foundation of the Sukhothai Kingdom in the 12th century: as the king was seen as a \"Dharmaraja\" or \"King who rules in accordance with Dharma\" (the Buddhist law of righteousness).",
"However on 24 June 1932 a group of civilians and military officers, calling themselves the Khana Ratsadon (or People's Party) carried out a bloodless revolution, in which the 150 years of absolute rule of the House of Chakri was ended.",
"In its stead the group advocated a constitutional form of monarchy with an elected legislature.",
"The \"Draft Constitution\" of 1932 signed by King Prajadhipok, created Thailand's first legislature, a People's Assembly with 70 appointed members.",
"The assembly met for the first time on 28 June 1932, in the Ananda Samakhom Throne Hall.",
"The Khana Ratsadon decided that the people were not yet ready for an elected assembly; however they later changed their minds.",
"By the time the \"permanent\" constitution came into force in December of that year, elections were scheduled for 15 November 1933.",
"The new constitution also changed the composition of the assembly to 78 directly elected and 78 appointed (by the Khana Ratsadon) together compromising 156 members."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Who is Inside Llewyn Davis' author? | Inside Llewyn Davis | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"Inside Llewyn Davis is a 2013 American comedy-drama film written, directed and edited by Joel and Ethan Coen.",
"The film stars Oscar Isaac, Carey Mulligan, and John Goodman, and was produced by Scott Rudin, Ethan and Joel Coen.",
"T Bone Burnett was the executive music producer.",
"The film is about one week in the life of a singer who is active in New York's folk music scene in 1961.",
"Although Llewyn Davis is a fictional character, the story was partly inspired by the autobiography of folk singer Dave Van Ronk.",
"Most of the folk songs performed in the film are sung in full and recorded live.",
"The film won the Grand Prix at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival, where it screened on May 19, 2013.",
"It received a limited release in the United States on December 6, 2013, and was given a wide release on January 10, 2014.",
"It received critical acclaim and was nominated for two Academy Awards, Best Cinematography and Best Sound Mixing, the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Comedy or Musical, and two other nominations."
] | [
3
] |
History | When was the Muromachi period of Japan? | Sushi | false | 9FOOD
| [
8
] | [
"The original type of sushi, known today as \"nare-zushi\" (,) was first made in Southeast Asia, possibly along what is now known as the Mekong River.",
"The term \"sushi\" comes from an archaic grammatical form no longer used in other contexts; literally, \"sushi\" means \"sour-tasting\", a reflection of its historic fermented origins.",
"The oldest form of sushi in Japan, \"narezushi\", still very closely resembles this process, wherein fish is fermented via being wrapped in soured fermenting rice.",
"The fish proteins break down via fermentation into their constituent amino acids.",
"The fermenting rice and fish results in a sour taste and also one of the five basic tastes, called \"umami\" in Japanese.",
"Contemporary Japanese sushi has little resemblance to the traditional lacto-fermented rice dish.",
"Originally, when the fermented fish was taken out of the rice, only the fish was consumed while the fermented rice was discarded.",
"The strong-tasting and smelling \"funazushi\", a kind of \"narezushi\" made near Lake Biwa in Japan, resembles the traditional fermented dish.",
"Beginning in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) of Japan, vinegar was added to the mixture for better taste and preservation.",
"The vinegar accentuated the rice's sourness and was known to increase its shelf life, allowing the fermentation process to be shortened and eventually abandoned.",
"In the following centuries, sushi in Osaka evolved into \"oshi-zushi\".",
"The seafood and rice were pressed using wooden (usually bamboo) molds.",
"By the mid 18th century, this form of sushi had reached Edo (contemporary Tokyo).",
"The contemporary version, internationally known as \"sushi\", was created by Hanaya Yohei (1799–1858) at the end of the Edo period in Edo.",
"Sushi invented by Hanaya was an early form of fast food that was not fermented (therefore prepared quickly) and could be conveniently eaten with one's hands.",
"Originally, this sushi was known as \"Edomae zushi\" because it used freshly caught fish in the \"Edo-mae\" (Edo Bay or Tokyo Bay).",
"Though the fish used in modern sushi no longer usually comes from Tokyo Bay, it is still formally known as \"Edomae nigirizushi\".",
"The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" notes the earliest written mention of sushi in English in an 1893 book, \"A Japanese Interior\", where it mentions sushi as \"\"a roll of cold rice with fish, sea-weed, or some other flavoring\"\".",
"However, there is also mention of sushi in a Japanese-English dictionary from 1873, and an 1879 article on Japanese cookery in the journal \"Notes and Queries\"."
] | [
2
] |
Inside the UK | Where and when is the Haxey Hood played? | Football | false | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
" The Haxey Hood, played on Epiphany in Haxey, Lincolnshire",
" Shrove Tuesday games",
"* Scoring the Hales in Alnwick, Northumberland",
"* Royal Shrovetide Football in Ashbourne, Derbyshire",
"* The Shrovetide Ball Game in Atherstone, Warwickshire",
"* The Shrove Tuesday Football Ceremony of the Purbeck Marblers in Corfe Castle, Dorset",
"* Hurling the Silver Ball at St Columb Major in Cornwall",
"* The Ball Game in Sedgefield, County Durham",
" In Scotland the Ba game (\"Ball Game\") is still popular around Christmas and Hogmanay at:",
"* Duns, Berwickshire",
"* Scone, Perthshire",
"* Kirkwall in the Orkney Islands"
] | [
2,
4
] |
Heritage and Research Center | Where is the Heritage and Research Center located at? | Yellowstone National Park | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"The Heritage and Research Center is located at Gardiner, Montana, near the north entrance to the park.",
"The center is home to the Yellowstone National Park's museum collection, archives, research library, historian, archeology lab, and herbarium.",
"The Yellowstone National Park Archives maintain collections of historical records of Yellowstone and the National Park Service.",
"The collection includes the administrative records of Yellowstone, as well as resource management records, records from major projects, and donated manuscripts and personal papers.",
"The archives are affiliated with the National Archives and Records Administration."
] | [
4
] |
Accolades | Which songs were nominated for awards from the film? | The Lion King | true | 6MOVIES
| [
3
] | [
"",
"\"The Lion King\" received four Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations.",
"The film would go on to win two Golden Globes; for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Original Score, as well as two Academy Awards, for Best Original Score (Hans Zimmer) and Best Original Song with \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\" by Elton John and Tim Rice.",
"The songs \"Circle of Life\" and \"Hakuna Matata\" were also nominated.",
"\"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\" also won the BMI Film Music Award, and the Grammy Award for Best Male Vocal Performance.",
"The film also won Annie Awards for Best Animated Feature, Best Achievement in Voice Acting (for Jeremy Irons) and Best Individual Achievement for Story Contribution in the Field of Animation.",
"At the Saturn Awards, the film was nominated in two categories, Best Fantasy Film and Best Performance by a Younger Actor although it did not win in either category.",
"The film also received two nominations at the British Academy Film Awards, for Best Sound as well as the Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music although it lost in both categories to \"Speed\" and \"Backbeat\" respectively.",
"The film received two BMI Film & TV Awards for Film Music and Most Performed Song with \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight.\"",
"At the 1995 MTV Movie Awards the film received nominations for Best Villain and Best Song, though it lost in both categories.",
"\"The Lion King\" won the Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie at the 1995 Kids' Choice Awards.",
"In 2008, \"The Lion King\" was ranked as the 319th greatest film ever made by \"Empire\" magazine, and in June 2011, \"TIME\" named it one of \"The 25 All-TIME Best Animated Films\".",
"In June 2008, the American Film Institute listed \"The Lion King\" as the 4th best film in the animation genre in its AFI's 10 Top 10 list.",
"AFI had also put \"Hakuna Matata\" as 99th on its AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs ranking."
] | [] |
Sporting usage | When was Viva la Vida chosen as the anthem for FC Barcelona? | Viva la Vida | true | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"During the 2008/2009 season, the German football club Hamburger SV used \"Viva la Vida\" as their goal celebration song.",
"The song also became the anthem of Spanish football club FC Barcelona during the 2008–09 season.",
"It turned out to be a season of unprecedented success for the Spanish club in 2009, as they won all six competitions they could possible be involved in, which no football club has managed before in history.",
"The song was selected by the manager of the club, Josep Guardiola – himself a Coldplay fan – to help motivate and encourage his team.",
"It is often played at the Camp Nou before the start of a Barcelona match.",
"The song was also played during Pep Guardiola's farewell before his final match coaching Barcelona at the Nou Camp, a 4–0 victory against Espanyol on 5 May 2012.",
"The UEFA used \"Viva la Vida\" as the goal celebration song for the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final and Europa League Final.",
"The National Hockey League's New York Rangers play \"Viva la Vida\" at Madison Square Garden after victories.",
"The song was used by the Vancouver Canucks in a tribute video during Markus Näslund's number retirement ceremony held in Vancouver's Rogers Arena.",
"It was also used in Game 7 of the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals when the Boston Bruins won the Stanley Cup on Vancouver Ice.",
"The Kansas City Chiefs play the song at the end of home games in Arrowhead Stadium.",
"Additionally, it is also used by the Kansas City Royals to celebrate home runs and wins at Kauffman Stadium.",
"This is the at-bat music of Scott Rolen, third baseman of the Cincinnati Reds.",
"The song was also used pre match during every 2008 Rugby League World Cup game before the two teams took to the field."
] | [
2
] |
Season 1 | Where is the law firm located in the show? | The Good Wife | false | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"Season synopses.",
"Season 1.",
"As a junior associate at a prestigious Chicago law firm, Alicia Florrick joins her longtime friend, former law school classmate and firm partner Will Gardner, who is interested in rekindling their former relationship.",
"The firm's top litigator and other partner, Diane Lockhart, likes Alicia's work and her connections so she and Will award her with a full-time associate position following a trial period.",
"Alicia beat out Cary Agos, a clever young attorney who takes a job in the state's attorney's office, now bitter and vengeful.",
"Alicia finds an ally and a friend in Kalinda, the firm's tough and mysterious in-house investigator.",
"Gaining confidence every day, Alicia transforms herself from embarrassed politician's scorned wife to resilient career woman, especially for the sake of providing a stable home for her children, 14-year-old Zach and 13-year-old Grace.",
"Now that Peter is back home and planning to run for office again with help from Eli Gold, his cunning image consultant, Alicia continues to redefine herself and her role in her family's life."
] | [
4
] |
Origins | What is the purpose an animals skins and organs in cheese making? | Cheese | true | 9FOOD
| [
4
] | [
"Cheese is an ancient food whose origins predate recorded history.",
"There is no conclusive evidence indicating where cheesemaking originated, either in Europe, Central Asia or the Middle East, but the practice had spread within Europe prior to Roman times and, according to Pliny the Elder, had become a sophisticated enterprise by the time the Roman Empire came into being.",
"The earliest evidence of cheese-making in the archaeological record dates back to 5,500 BCE, in what is now Kujawy, Poland, where strainers with milk fats molecules have been found.",
"Earliest proposed dates for the origin of cheesemaking range from around 8000 BCE, when sheep were first domesticated.",
"Since animal skins and inflated internal organs have, since ancient times, provided storage vessels for a range of foodstuffs, it is probable that the process of cheese making was discovered accidentally by storing milk in a container made from the stomach of an animal, resulting in the milk being turned to curd and whey by the rennet from the stomach.",
"There is a legend – with variations – about the discovery of cheese by an Arab trader who used this method of storing milk.",
"Cheesemaking may have begun independently of this by the pressing and salting of curdled milk to preserve it.",
"Observation that the effect of making milk in an animal stomach gave more solid and better-textured curds may have led to the deliberate addition of rennet.",
"Early archeological evidence of Egyptian cheese has been found in Egyptian tomb murals, dating to about 2000 BCE.",
"The earliest cheeses were likely to have been quite sour and salty, similar in texture to rustic cottage cheese or feta, a crumbly, flavorful Greek cheese.",
"Cheese produced in Europe, where climates are cooler than the Middle East, required less salt for preservation.",
"With less salt and acidity, the cheese became a suitable environment for useful microbes and molds, giving aged cheeses their respective flavors."
] | [
0
] |
Cultural impact | When was Fight Club released in theaters? | Fight Club | true | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"",
"\"Fight Club\" was one of the most controversial and talked-about films of the 1990s.",
"Like other 1999 films \"Magnolia\", \"Being John Malkovich\", and \"Three Kings\", \"Fight Club\" was recognized as an innovator in cinematic form and style since it exploited new developments in filmmaking technology.",
"After \"Fight Club\"s theatrical release, it became more popular via word of mouth, and the positive reception of the DVD established it as a cult film that David Ansen of \"Newsweek\" conjectured would enjoy \"perennial\" fame.",
"The film's success also heightened the profile of the novel's author, Chuck Palahniuk, to global renown.",
"Following \"Fight Club\"s release, several fight clubs were reported to have started in the United States.",
"A \"Gentleman's Fight Club\" was started in Menlo Park, California in 2000 and had members mostly from the tech industry.",
"Teens and preteens in Texas, New Jersey, Washington state, and Alaska also initiated fight clubs and posted videos of their fights online, leading authorities to break up the clubs.",
"In 2006, an unwilling participant from a local high school was injured at a fight club in Arlington, Texas, and the DVD sales of the fight led to the arrest of six teenagers.",
"An unsanctioned fight club was also started at Princeton University, where matches were held on campus.",
"The film was suspected of influencing Luke Helder, a college student who planted pipe bombs in mailboxes in 2002.",
"Helder's goal was to create a smiley pattern on the map of the United States, similar to the scene in \"Fight Club\" in which a building is vandalized to have a smiley on its exterior.",
"On July 16, 2009, a 17-year-old who had formed his own fight club in Manhattan was charged with detonating a homemade bomb outside a Starbucks Coffee shop in the Upper East Side in May 2009; the New York City Police Department reported the suspect was trying to emulate \"Project Mayhem\".",
"In 2003, \"Fight Club\" was listed as one of the \"50 Best Guy Movies of All Time\" by \"Men's Journal\".",
"In 2004 and 2006, \"Fight Club\" was voted by \"Empire\" readers as the ninth and eighth greatest film of all time, respectively.",
"\"Total Film\" ranked \"Fight Club\" as \"The Greatest Film of our Lifetime\" in 2007 during the magazine's tenth anniversary.",
"In 2007, \"Premiere\" selected Tyler Durden's line, \"The first rule of fight club is you do not talk about fight club,\" as the 27th greatest movie line of all time.",
"In 2008, readers of \"Empire\" ranked Tyler Durden first on a list of the 100 Greatest Movie Characters.",
"\"Empire\" also identified \"Fight Club\" as the 10th greatest movie of all time in its 2008 issue \"The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time\".",
"In 2010, two viral mash-up videos featuring \"Fight Club\" were released.",
"\"Ferris Club\" was a mash-up of \"Fight Club\" and the film \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\".",
"It portrayed Ferris as Tyler Durden and Cameron as the narrator, \"claiming to see the real psychological truth behind the John Hughes classic\".",
"The second video \"Jane Austen's Fight Club\" also gained popularity online as a mash-up of \"Fight Club\"s fighting rules and the characters created by 19th century novelist Jane Austen."
] | [
2
] |
Bronze Age | When did bronze become part of Norway's livelihood? | Norway | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
3
] | [
"Between 3000 and 2500 BC new settlers (Corded Ware culture) arrived in eastern Norway.",
"They were Indo-European farmers who grew grain and kept cows and sheep.",
"The hunting-fishing population of the west coast was also gradually replaced by farmers, though hunting and fishing remained useful secondary means of livelihood.",
"From about 1500 BC bronze was gradually introduced, but the use of stone implements continued; Norway had few riches to barter for bronze goods, and the few finds consist mostly of elaborate weapons and brooches that only chieftains could afford.",
"Huge burial cairns built close to the sea as far north as Harstad and also inland in the south are characteristic of this period.",
"The motifs of the rock carvings differ from those typical of the Stone Age.",
"Representations of the Sun, animals, trees, weapons, ships, and people are all strongly stylised."
] | [
2
] |
Popular culture | What film, starring John Wayne, was one of the first major films based on the Vietnam War? | Vietnam War | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"The Vietnam War has been featured extensively in television, film, video games, and literature in the participant countries.",
"In American popular culture, the \"Crazy Vietnam Veteran\", driven mad or otherwise disturbed by his experiences in Vietnam, became a common stock character after the war.",
"One of the first major films based on the Vietnam War was John Wayne's pro-war film, \"The Green Berets\" (1968).",
"Further cinematic representations were released during the 1970s and 1980s, including Michael Cimino's \"The Deer Hunter\" (1978), Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), Oliver Stone's \"Platoon\" (1986) — based on his service in the U.S. Military during the Vietnam War, Stanley Kubrick's \"Full Metal Jacket\" (1987), \"Hamburger Hill\" (1987), and \"Casualties of War\" (1989).",
"Later films would include \"We Were Soldiers\" (2002) and \"Rescue Dawn\" (2007).",
"The war also influenced a generation of musicians and songwriters in Vietnam and the United States, both anti-war and pro/anti-communist.",
"The band Country Joe and the Fish recorded \"I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-To-Die Rag\" / The \"Fish\" Cheer in 1965, and it became one of the most influential anti-Vietnam protest anthems.",
"Trinh Cong Son was a South Vietnamese songwriter famous for his anti-war songs."
] | [
0
] |
Recurring cast | Which actor played Uncle Scott in season 1? | Falling Skies | true | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
" Dale Dye as Colonel/General Jim Porter (season 1–3)",
" Megan Danso as Deni (season 3 onwards)",
" Bruce Gray as Uncle Scott (season 1)",
" Martin Roach as Mike Thompson (season 1)",
" Lynne Deragon as Kate Gordon (season 1)",
" Melissa Kramer as Sarah (season 1)",
" Steven Weber as Dr. Michael Harris (season 1)",
" Dylan Authors as Jimmy Boland (seasons 1–2)",
" Daniyah Ysrail as Rick Thompson (seasons 1-2)",
" Ryan Robbins as Tector Murphy, one of the Berserkers (season 2 onwards)",
" Luciana Carro as Crazy Lee, one of the Berserkers (seasons 2–3)",
" Brad Kelly as Lyle, one of the Berserkers (season 2 onwards)",
" Billy Wickman as Boon, one of the Berserkers (season 2)",
" Terry O'Quinn as Arthur Manchester (season 2–3)",
" Matt Frewer as General Bressler (seasons 2–3)",
" Laci J Mailey as Jeanne Weaver (season 2 onwards)",
" Brandon Jay McLaren as Jamil Dexter (season 2)",
" Gloria Reuben as Marina Peralta (season 3 onwards)",
" Robert Sean Leonard as Dr. Roger Kadar (season 3 onwards)"
] | [] |
Destruction | When was an article published in the New York World-Telegram that attacked the Man at the Crossroads mural for being anti-capitalist? | Man at the Crossroads | false | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"On 24 April 1933 the \"New York World-Telegram\" newspaper published an article attacking the mural as anti-capitalist propaganda.",
"A few days later Rivera added the portrait of Lenin to the work.",
"This precipitated a major controversy by May.",
"The bad publicity greatly upset Rockefeller.",
"Rivera was asked to remove the picture of Lenin, but refused, instead offering to add Abraham Lincoln to the work as way of a compromise.",
"Rockefeller then left the decision about the future of the mural to Todd-Robertson-Todd.",
"Rivera was fully paid the promised amount for his work, but the mural was covered in drapery and left incomplete.",
"Despite protests from art lovers and attempts to get it to moved to the Museum of Modern Art, it remained covered until the early weeks of 1934, when it was destroyed by workmen.",
"The destruction caused widespread controversy.",
"Ralph Stackpole and Bernard Zakheim (who headed a group of artists commissioned by the WPA to paint murals at the Coit Tower in San Francisco) protested, and also included references to the incident in the form of headlines in newspapers held by figures in their paintings.",
"The Rockefeller Center commissioned a mural by Jose Maria Sert entitled \"American Progress\" to replace Rivera's work.",
"It used Abraham Lincoln as its focal point."
] | [
2
] |
Stress | How do different cultures cause a problem on the ISS? | International Space Station | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
6
] | [
"There has been considerable evidence that psychosocial stressors are among the most important impediments to optimal crew morale and performance.",
"Cosmonaut Valery Ryumin, wrote in his journal during a particularly difficult period onboard the Salyut 6 space station: “All the conditions necessary for murder are met if you shut two men in a cabin measuring 18 feet by 20 and leave them together for two months.”NASA's interest in psychological stress caused by space travel, initially studied when their manned missions began, was rekindled when astronauts joined cosmonauts on the Russian space station Mir.",
"Common sources of stress in early American missions included maintaining high performance while under public scrutiny, as well as isolation from peers and family.",
"The latter is still often a cause of stress on the ISS, such as when the mother of NASA Astronaut Daniel Tani died in a car accident, and when Michael Fincke was forced to miss the birth of his second child.",
"A study of the longest spaceflight concluded that the first three weeks represent a critical period where attention is adversely affected because of the demand to adjust to the extreme change of environment.",
"While Skylab's 3 crews remained one, two, and three months respectively, long term crews on Salyut 6, Salyut 7, and the ISS last about five to six months while MIR's expeditions often lasted longer.",
"The ISS working environment includes further stress caused by living and working in cramped conditions with people from very different cultures who speak a different language.",
"First generation space stations had crews who spoke a single language, while second and third-generation stations have crew from many cultures who speak many languages.",
"The ISS is unique because visitors are not classed automatically into 'host' or 'guest' categories as with previous stations and spacecraft, and may not suffer from feelings of isolation in the same way.",
"Crew members with a military pilot background and those with an academic science background or teachers and politicians may have problems understanding each other's jargon and worldview."
] | [
5
] |
Festivals | What are religiouos carnivals called in Egypt? | Egypt | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"Egypt celebrates many festivals and religious carnivals, also known as \"mulid\".",
"They are usually associated with a particular Coptic or Sufi saint, but are often celebrated by Egyptians irrespective of creed or religion.",
"Ramadan has a special flavor in Egypt, celebrated with sounds, lights (local lanterns known as \"fawanees\") and much flare that many Muslim tourists from the region flock to Egypt to witness during Ramadan.",
"The ancient spring festival of Sham en Nisim (Coptic: \"shom en nisim\") has been celebrated by Egyptians for thousands of years, typically between the Egyptian months of Paremoude (April) and Pashons (May), following Easter Sunday."
] | [
0
] |
Title and subject | How is the title spelled in modern Italian? | Mona Lisa | false | 3ART
| [
3
] | [
"The title of the painting that is known in English as Mona Lisa stems from a description by Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote \"\"Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife\".\"",
"\"Mona\" in Italian is a polite form of address originating as \"ma donna\" —similar to \"Ma’am\", \"Madam\", or \"my lady\" in English.",
"This became \"madonna\", and its contraction \"mona\".",
"The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled \"Mona\" (as used by Vasari), is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as \"Monna Lisa\", but this is rare in English.",
"Vasari's account of the \"Mona Lisa\" comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death, and which has long been the best known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter.",
"Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1525, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named \"la Gioconda\", a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo.",
"That Leonardo painted such a work, and its date, were confirmed in 2005 when a scholar at Heidelberg University discovered a marginal note in a 1477 printing of a volume written by the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero.",
"The note is dated October 1503 and was written by Leonardo's contemporary Agostino Vespucci.",
"This note likens Leonardo to renowned Greek painter Apelles, who is mentioned in the text, and states that Leonardo was at that time working on a painting of Lisa del Giocondo.",
"The sitter, Lisa del Giocondo,was a member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany, and the wife of wealthy Florentine silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo.",
"The painting is thought to have been commissioned for their new home, and to celebrate the birth of their second son, Andrea.",
"The Italian name for the painting, \"La Gioconda\", means \"jocund\" (\"happy\" or \"jovial\"), or literally \"the jocund one\", a pun on the feminine form of the sitter's married name \"Giocondo\".",
"In French, the title \"La Joconde\" has the same meaning.",
"Over the years there have been several alternative views among scholars as to the subject of the painting.",
"Some have argued that Lisa del Giocondo was the subject of a different portrait, identifying at least four other paintings as the \"Mona Lisa\" referred to by Vasari.",
"Several other individuals have been proposed as the subject of the painting.",
"Isabella of Aragon, Cecilia Gallerani, Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla, Isabella d'Este, Pacifica Brandano or Brandino, Isabela Gualanda, Caterina Sforza, —even Salaì and Leonardo himself— are all among the list of posited models portrayed in the painting.",
"Currently, the consensus of art historians is that the painting depicts Lisa del Giocondo, which has always been the traditional view."
] | [
5
] |
Axis advance stalls (1942–43) | When did the U.S. secure Britain's cooperation in limiting Allied activities in the Mediterranean? | World War II | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
12
] | [
"Axis advance stalls (1942–43).",
"In January, the United States, Britain, Soviet Union, China, and 22 smaller or exiled governments issued the Declaration by United Nations, thereby affirming the Atlantic Charter, and agreeing to not to sign separate peace with the Axis powers.",
"During 1942 Allied officials debated on the appropriate grand strategy to pursue.",
"All agreed that defeating Germany was the primary objective.",
"The Americans favoured a straightforward, large-scale attack on Germany through France.",
"The Soviets were also demanding a second front.",
"The British, on the other hand, argued that military operations should target peripheral areas in order to throw a \"ring\" around Germany which would wear out German strength, lead to increasing demoralisation, and bolster resistance forces.",
"Germany itself would be subject to a heavy bombing campaign.",
"An offensive against Germany would then be launched primarily by Allied armour without using large-scale armies.",
"Eventually, the British persuaded the Americans that a landing in France was infeasible in 1942 and they should instead focus on driving the Axis out of North Africa.",
"At the Casablanca Conference in early 1943 the Allies issued a declaration declaring that they would not negotiate with their enemies and demanded their unconditional surrender.",
"The British and Americans agreed to continue to press the initiative in the Mediterranean by invading Sicily to fully secure the Mediterranean supply routes.",
"Although the British argued for further operations in the Balkans to bring Turkey into the war, in May 1943 the Americans extracted a British commitment to limit Allied operations in the Mediterranean to an invasion of the Italian mainland and to invade France in 1944."
] | [
2
] |
Visual arts | Which artist created "Benefits Supervisor Sleeping'? | England | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
11
] | [
"The earliest known examples are the prehistoric rock and cave art pieces, most prominent in North Yorkshire, Northumberland and Cumbria, but also feature further south, for example at Creswell Crags.",
"With the arrival of Roman culture in the 1st century, various forms of art utilising statues, busts, glasswork and mosaics were the norm.",
"There are numerous surviving artefacts, such as those at Lullingstone and Aldborough.",
"During the Early Middle Ages the style favoured sculpted crosses and ivories, manuscript painting, gold and enamel jewellery, demonstrating a love of intricate, interwoven designs such as in the Staffordshire Hoard discovered in 2009.",
"Some of these blended Gaelic and Anglian styles, such as the Lindisfarne Gospels and Vespasian Psalter.",
"Later Gothic art was popular at Winchester and Canterbury, examples survive such as Benedictional of St. Æthelwold and Luttrell Psalter.",
"The Tudor era saw prominent artists as part of their court, portrait painting which would remain an enduring part of English art, was boosted by German Hans Holbein, natives such as Nicholas Hilliard built on this.",
"Under the Stuarts, Continental artists were influential especially the Flemish, examples from the period include—Anthony van Dyck, Peter Lely, Godfrey Kneller and William Dobson.",
"The 18th century was a time of significance with the founding of the Royal Academy, a classicism based on the High Renaissance prevailed—Thomas Gainsborough and Joshua Reynolds became two of England's most treasured artists.",
"The Norwich School continued the landscape tradition, while the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood with their vivid and detailed style revived the Early Renaissance style—Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and John Everett Millais were leaders.",
"Prominent amongst 20th-century artists was Henry Moore, regarded as the voice of British sculpture, and of British modernism in general.",
"Contemporary painters include Lucian Freud, whose work \"Benefits Supervisor Sleeping\" in 2008 set a world record for sale value of a painting by a living artist."
] | [] |
Composition and lyrics | Who produced the Maroon 5 song "One More Night"? | One More Night (Maroon 5 song) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"One More Night\" was written by Adam Levine, Shellback, Max Martin, and Savan Kotecha, while production was handled by Martin and Shellback.",
"It is a pop song, with a reggae beat infused into the percussion, giving the song a more dancey feel.",
"The song is in the key of F minor and in 4/4 time.",
"Lyrically, the song is built upon the idea of the quintessential push and pull between what the heart, mind and body want, which are usually opposing things.",
"It starts with Adam Levine's \"Ooh-ooh-ooh-ooh\", underlined by a reggae beat.",
"\"You and I go hard at each other like we're goin' to war\", Levine sings and then tempers that statement by saying, \"Try to tell you ‘no but my body keeps on telling you ‘yes’\", lamenting over not being able to resist the atrractive charms of an addictive person.",
"The chorus finds Levine bewitched by someone he knows he shouldn’t be with: \"So I cross my heart and I hope to die / That I’ll only stay with you one more night / And I know I said it a million times / But I’ll only stay with you one more night.",
"\"Regarding the song's theme, Amy Sciaretto of \"PopCrush\" defined the track: \"The song is erected on a thumped out beat, in addition to Levine’s signature falsetto, where he tosses off lyrics about not getting along with (or being able to untangle himself from) his lady love.",
"Levine is hoping he only stays with her just 'one more night'.\""
] | [
3
] |
Composition | Which single did Jeff Bhasker refer to when eh stated that it "had a Queen/Freddie Mercury vibe to it"? | Some Nights | false | 0MUSIC
| [
2
] | [
"The album and the band's music has received several comparisons to Queen.",
"\"Rolling Stones\"'s Jody Rosen, called the album a mix of \"close harmony chorales, showy key changes, a dash of Queen here, a dollop of Les Miz there\".",
"In an interview with \"Fuse\", producer Jeff Bhasker also stated that the album's lead single \"We Are Young\" \"had a Queen/Freddie Mercury vibe to it\".",
"Marcus Glimer of \"The A.V.",
"Club\" wrote that the album featured \"more synthetic elements and drum machines\" than their debut album \"Aim and Ignite\" and compared the beat to \"All Alone\" to a hip-hop track.",
"NPR columnist Daoud Tyler-Ameen commented that the album might be the start of a new phase of music, in which musicians would infuse the \"sounds and rhythms once associated with hip-hop\" with their pop music.",
"The album's lyrics have been called \"plaintive\", for dealing with themes of loneliness, self-worth, introspection, paranoia and existentialism, contrasting with the album's \"anthemic\" music.",
"Tyler-Ameen considered the album \"remarkable for its sheer optimism\", despite the sad and mournful lyrics, Rosen wrote that \"Ruess' knack for the anthemic is matched by Gen-Y humor – emo self-deprecation that leavens the bombast\".",
"while Marcus Gilmer praised Ruess' \"prose-style lyrics\", similar to his work in his previous band, The Format.",
"Ruess later commented on the importance of lyrics to him, saying that he took \"great pride\", after he finished writing them.",
"He also considered most lyrics written by current musicians to be \"dumbed down\", partially causing \"rock music's current woes\"."
] | [
2
] |
Wheelchair division | What was the number of wheel chaired athletes competing in 1986? | Marathon | true | 4SPORT
| [
10
] | [
"Many marathons feature a wheelchair division.",
"Typically, those in the wheelchair racing division start their races earlier than their running counterparts.",
"The first wheelchair marathon was in 1974 in Toledo, Ohio, won by Bob Hall in 2:54.",
"Hall competed in the 1975 Boston Marathon and finished in 2:58, inaugurating the introduction of wheelchair divisions into the Boston Marathon.",
"From 1977 the race was declared the US National Wheelchair championship.",
"The Boston Marathon awards $10,000 to the winning push-rim athlete.",
"Ernst van Dyk has won the Boston Marathon wheelchair division nine times and holds the world record at 1:18:27, set in Boston in 2004.",
"Jean Driscoll won eight times (seven consecutively) and holds the women's world record at 1:34:22.",
"The New York City Marathon banned wheelchair entrants in 1977, citing safety concerns, but then voluntarily allowed Bob Hall to compete after the state Division of Human Rights ordered the marathon to show cause.",
"The Division ruled in 1979 that the New York City Marathon and New York Road Runners club had to allow wheelchair athletes to compete, and confirmed this at appeal in 1980, but the State Supreme Court ruled in 1981 that a ban on wheelchair racers was not discriminatory as the marathon was historically a foot race.",
"However, by 1986 14 wheelchair athletes were competing, and an official wheelchair division was added to the marathon in 2000."
] | [
0
] |
Criticism of modern medicine | What is a major problem for modern medicine? | Medicine | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"According to Paul Farmer, the main problem for modern medicine is lack of access in poor regions.",
"There is an \"outcome gap\" between the rich and poor that is most noticeable with expensive-to-treat diseases like AIDS and tuberculosis.",
"The majority of medical resources and therapies are concentrated in the rich, low-incidence regions such as the West.",
"On the other hand, countries in the developing world have high rates of HIV but lack the necessary resources to treat them.",
"Medical errors and overmedication and other forms of iatrogenesis (harms caused by medical treatment) are also the focus of complaints and negative coverage.",
"Practitioners of human factors engineering believe that there is much that medicine may usefully gain by emulating concepts in aviation safety, where it is recognized that it is dangerous to place too much responsibility on one \"superhuman\" individual and expect him or her not to make errors.",
"Reporting systems and checking mechanisms are becoming more common in identifying sources of error and improving practice.",
"Clinical versus statistical, algorithmic diagnostic methods were famously examined in psychiatric practice in a 1954 book by Paul E. Meehl, which found statistical methods superior.",
"A 2000 meta-analysis comparing these methods in both psychology and medicine found that statistical or \"mechanical\" diagnostic methods were, in general, although not always, superior.",
"Disparities in quality of care given among local demographics are often an additional cause of controversy.",
"For example, elderly mentally ill patients received poorer care during hospitalization in a 2008 study.",
"Rural poor African-American men were used in an infamous study of syphilis that denied them basic medical care."
] | [
0
] |
Hanford reactors | During the Manhattan Project, which reactor complexes were constructed? | Manhattan Project | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
9,
10
] | [
"Although an air-cooled design was chosen for the reactor at Oak Ridge to facilitate rapid construction, it was recognized that this would be impractical for the much larger production reactors.",
"Initial designs by the Metallurgical Laboratory and DuPont used helium for cooling, before they determined that a water-cooled reactor would be simpler, cheaper and quicker to build.",
"The design did not become available until 4 October 1943; in the meantime, Matthias concentrated on improving the Hanford site by erecting accommodations, improving the roads, building a railway switch line, and upgrading the electricity, water and telephone lines.",
"As at Oak Ridge, the most difficulty was encountered while canning the uranium slugs, which commenced at Hanford in March 1944.",
"They were pickled to remove dirt and impurities, dipped in molten bronze, tin, and aluminum-silicon alloy, canned using hydraulic presses, and then capped using arc welding under an argon atmosphere.",
"Finally, they were subjected to a series of tests to detect holes or faulty welds.",
"Disappointingly, most canned slugs initially failed the tests, resulting in an output of only a handful of canned slugs per day.",
"But steady progress was made and by June 1944 production increased to the point where it appeared that enough canned slugs would be available to start Reactor B on schedule in August 1944.",
"Work began on Reactor B, the first of six planned 250 MW reactors, on 10 October 1943.",
"The reactor complexes were given letter designations A through F, with B, D and F sites chosen to be developed first, as this maximised the distance between the reactors.",
"They would be the only ones constructed during the Manhattan Project.",
"Some of steel, of concrete, 50,000 concrete blocks and 71,000 concrete bricks were used to construct the high building.",
"Construction of the reactor itself commenced in February 1944.",
"Watched by Compton, Matthias, DuPont's Crawford Greenewalt, Leona Woods and Fermi, who inserted the first slug, the reactor was powered up beginning on 13 September 1944.",
"Over the next few days, 838 tubes were loaded and the reactor went critical.",
"Shortly after midnight on 27 September, the operators began to withdraw the control rods to initiate production.",
"At first all appeared well but around 03:00 the power level started to drop and by 06:30 the reactor had shut down completely.",
"The cooling water was investigated to see if there was a leak or contamination.",
"The next day the reactor started up again, only to shut down once more.",
"Fermi contacted Chien-Shiung Wu, who identified the cause of the problem as neutron poisoning from xenon-135, which has a half-life of 9.2 hours.",
"Fermi, Woods, Donald J. Hughes and John Archibald Wheeler then calculated the nuclear cross section of xenon-135, which turned out to be 30,000 times that of uranium.",
"Fortunately, DuPont engineer George Graves had deviated from the Metallurgical Laboratory's original design in which the reactor had 1,500 tubes arranged in a circle, and had added an additional 504 tubes to fill in the corners.",
"The scientists had originally considered this overengineering a waste of time and money, but Fermi realized that by loading all 2,004 tubes, the reactor could reach the required power level and efficiently produce plutonium.",
"Reactor D was started on 17 December 1944 and Reactor F on 25 February 1945."
] | [] |
Recognitions and awards | When did people vote for South Park as the 3rd greatest cartoon ever? | South Park | true | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"In 2004, Channel 4 voted \"South Park\" the third-greatest cartoon of all time.",
"In 2007, \"Time\" magazine included the show on its list of the \"100 Best TV Shows of All Time\", proclaiming it as \"America's best source of rapid-fire satire for past decade\".",
"The same year, \"Rolling Stone\" declared it to be the funniest show on television since its debut 10 years prior.",
"In 2008, \"South Park\" was named the 12th-greatest TV show of the past 25 years by \"Entertainment Weekly\", while AOL declared it as having the \"most astute\" characters of any show in history when naming it the 16th-best television comedy series of all time.",
"In 2011, \"South Park\" was voted number one in the \"25 Greatest Animated TV Series\" poll by \"Entertainment Weekly\".",
"The character of Cartman ranked 10th on TV Guide's 2002 list of the \"Top 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters\", 198th on VH1's \"200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons\", 19th on Bravo's \"100 Greatest TV Characters\" television special in 2004, and second on MSNBC's 2005 list of TV's scariest characters behind Mr. Burns from \"The Simpsons\".",
"In 2006, Comedy Central received a Peabody Award for \"South Park\"'s \"stringent social commentary\" and \"undeniably fearless lampooning of all that is self-important and hypocritical in American life\".",
"In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked \"South Park\" at number 63 among the \"101 Best-Written Shows Ever\".",
"Also in 2013, TV Guide listed the show at number 10 among the \"60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time\".",
"\"South Park\" won the CableACE Award for Best Animated Series in 1997, the last year the awards were given out.",
"In 1998, \"South Park\" was nominated for the Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Animated Primetime or Late Night Television Program.",
"It was also nominated for the 1998 GLAAD Award for Outstanding TV – Individual Episode for \"Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride\".",
"\"South Park\" has been nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program ten times (1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2013).",
"The show has won the award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour) four times, for the 2005 episode \"Best Friends Forever\", the 2006 episode \"Make Love, Not Warcraft\", the 2009 episode \"Margaritaville\", and the 2012 episode \"Raising the Bar\".",
"The Imaginationland trilogy of episodes won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour Or More) in 2008."
] | [
2
] |
Poland | What occurred in Poland from 1936-1939? | Invasion of Poland | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"Between 1936 and 1939, Poland invested heavily in the Central Industrial Region.",
"Preparations for a defensive war with Germany were ongoing for many years, but most plans assumed fighting would not begin before 1942.",
"To raise funds for industrial development, Poland sold much of the modern equipment it produced.",
"In 1936, a National Defence Fund was set up to collect funds necessary for strengthening the Polish Armed forces.",
"The Polish Army had approximately a million soldiers, but less than half were mobilized by 1 September.",
"Latecomers sustained significant casualties when public transport became targets of the \"Luftwaffe\".",
"The Polish military had fewer armored forces than the Germans, and these units, dispersed within the infantry, were unable to effectively engage the enemy.",
"Experiences in the Polish-Soviet War shaped Polish Army organizational and operational doctrine.",
"Unlike the trench warfare of World War I, the Polish-Soviet War was a conflict in which the cavalry's mobility played a decisive role.",
"Poland acknowledged the benefits of mobility but was unable to invest heavily in many of the expensive, unproven inventions since then.",
"In spite of this, Polish cavalry brigades were used as a mobile mounted infantry and had some successes against both German infantry and cavalry.",
"The Polish Air Force (\"Lotnictwo Wojskowe\") was at a severe disadvantage against the German \"Luftwaffe\", although it was not destroyed on the ground early on as is commonly believed.",
"The Polish Air Force lacked modern fighters, but its pilots were among the world's best trained, as proven a year later in the Battle of Britain, in which the Poles played a major part.",
"Overall, the Germans enjoyed numerical and qualitative aircraft superiority.",
"Poland had only about 600 aircraft, of which only 37 P-37 \"Łoś\" bombers were modern and comparable to its German counterparts.",
"The Polish Air Force had roughly 185 PZL P.11 and some 95 PZL P.7 fighters, 175 PZL.23 \"Karaś\" Bs, 35 \"Karaś\" As, and by September, over 100 PZL.37s were produced.",
"However, for the September Campaign, only some 70% of those aircraft were mobilized.",
"Only 36 PZL.37s were deployed.",
"All those aircraft were of indigenous Polish design, with the bombers being more modern than fighters, according to the Ludomił Rayski air force expansion plan, which relied on a strong bomber force.",
"The Polish fighters were a generation older than their German counterparts; the PZL P.11 fighter—produced in the early 1930s—had a top speed of only , far less than German bombers.",
"To compensate, the pilots relied on its maneuverability and high diving speed.",
"The tank force consisted of two armored brigades, four independent tank battalions and some 30 companies of TKS tankettes attached to infantry divisions and cavalry brigades.",
"The Polish Navy was a small fleet of destroyers, submarines and smaller support vessels.",
"Most Polish surface units followed Operation Peking, leaving Polish ports on 20 August and escaping by way of the North Sea to join with the British Royal Navy.",
"Submarine forces participated in Operation Worek, with the goal of engaging and damaging German shipping in the Baltic Sea, but they had much less success.",
"In addition, many merchant marine ships joined the British merchant fleet and took part in wartime convoys."
] | [
0
] |
Chart performance | How many first week copies did "glad you came" debute with? | Glad You Came | false | 0MUSIC
| [
3
] | [
"",
"\"Glad You Came\" debuted at number one in Ireland, making it the band's first number-one single in the country.",
"The song was at number one for five weeks.",
"In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at number one with first-week sales of over 117,000 copies, becoming the band's second number-one single in the UK.",
"As of May 2012, it is their biggest-selling single to date with 540,126 copies sold in the UK.",
"In Australia the song was certified Gold for shipping 35,000 copies.",
"In the United States, the song became their first to chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, peaking at number three for four non-consecutive weeks after it was covered on the television series \"Glee\", and becoming the highest American chart entry by a British boy band, surpassing Take That who peaked at number seven with \"Back for Good\" in November 1995.",
"As of May 2013, the song has sold 3,600,000 copies in the United States.",
"The song was the best-selling song by a boy band in digital history before One Direction's \"What Makes You Beautiful\" overtook its sales in July 2012."
] | [
5
] |
Society | What percentage of the country's kids are being abused? | Saudi Arabia | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
15
] | [
"Saudi society has a number of issues and tensions.",
"A rare independent opinion poll published in 2010 indicated that Saudis' main social concerns were unemployment (at 10% in 2010), corruption and religious extremism.",
"Crime is not a significant problem.",
"However, the government of Saudi Arabia's objective of being a religious Islamic country, coupled with economic difficulties, has created deep social tensions in Saudi society.",
"Many Saudis want a reformed, more secular government and to have more influence in the political process.",
"On the other hand, juvenile delinquency, drug-use and excessive use of alcohol are getting worse.",
"High unemployment and a generation of young males filled with contempt toward the Royal Family is a significant threat to Saudi social stability.",
"Some Saudis feel they are entitled to well-paid government jobs, and the failure of the government to satisfy this sense of entitlement has led to considerable dissatisfaction.",
"The Shiite minority, located primarily in the Eastern Province, are subjected to institutionalized government discrimination, inequality and repression.",
"Terrorist attacks in Saudi Arabia have made it clear that Saudi Arabia does harbor indigenous terrorists.",
"According to a 2009 U.S. State Department communication by Hillary Clinton, United States Secretary of State, (disclosed as part of the Wikileaks U.S. 'cables leaks' controversy in 2010) \"donors in Saudi Arabia constitute the most significant source of funding to Sunni terrorist groups worldwide\".",
"Part of this funding arises through the zakat (an act of charity dictated by Islam) paid by all Saudis to charities, and amounting to at least 2.5% of their income.",
"Although many charities are genuine, others, it is alleged, serve as fronts for money laundering and terrorist financing operations.",
"While many Saudis contribute to those charities in good faith believing their money goes toward good causes, it has been alleged that others know full well the terrorist purposes to which their money will be applied.",
"According to a study conducted by Dr. Nura Al-Suwaiyan, director of the family safety program at the National Guard Hospital, one in four children are abused in Saudi Arabia.",
"The National Society for Human Rights reports that almost 45% of the country's children are facing some sort of abuse and domestic violence.",
"It has also been claimed that trafficking of women is a particular problem in Saudi Arabia as the country's large number of female foreign domestic workers, and loopholes in the system cause many to fall victim to abuse and torture.",
"Widespread inbreeding in Saudi Arabia, resulting from the traditional practice of encouraging marriage between close relatives, has produced high levels of several genetic disorders including thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, spinal muscular atrophy, deafness and muteness."
] | [
0
] |
Acquisition by the Art Institute of Chicago | When did the Art Institute of Chicago appoint Frederick Bartlett as trustee? | A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte | true | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"In 1923, Frederick Bartlett was appointed trustee of the Art Institute of Chicago.",
"He and second wife, Helen Birch Bartlett, loaned their collection of French Post-Impressionist and Modernist art to the museum.",
"It was Mrs. Bartlett who had an interest in French and avant-garde artists and influenced her husband's collecting tastes.",
"\"Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte\" was purchased on the advice of the Art Institute of Chicago's curatorial staff in 1924.",
"In conceptual artist Don Celender's 1974–5 book \"Observation and Scholarship Examination for Art Historians, Museum Directors, Artists, Dealers and Collectors\", it is claimed that the Institute paid $24,000.00 for the work).",
"In 1958 the painting was loaned out for the only time – to the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.",
"On April 15, 1958, a fire there, which killed one person on the second floor of the museum, forced the evacuation of the painting which was on a floor above the fire in the Whitney Museum which adjoined MOMA at the time."
] | [
2
] |
Young Turk revolution | Which person was force to readopt the Ottoman constitution of 1876? | Balkan Wars | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"It is no surprise that the \"Young Turk\" revolution occurred in the troubled European provinces of the Empire.",
"There the threat to its integrity was the most pronounced, and the need for reforms was most evident.",
"When the revolt broke out, it was supported by intellectuals, the army, and almost all the ethnic minorities of the Empire, and forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to re-adopt the long defunct Ottoman constitution of 1876, ushering in the Second Constitutional Era.",
"Hopes were raised among the Balkan ethnicities of reforms and autonomy, and elections were held to form a representative, multi-ethnic, Ottoman parliament.",
"However, following the Sultan's attempted counter-coup, the liberal element of the Young Turks was sidelined and the nationalist element became dominant.",
"At the same time, in October 1908, Austria-Hungary seized the opportunity of the Ottoman political upheaval to annex the \"de jure\" Ottoman province of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which it had occupied since 1878 (see \"Bosnian Crisis\"), and Bulgaria declared itself a fully independent kingdom.",
"The Greeks of the autonomous Cretan State proclaimed unification with Greece, though the opposition of the Great Powers prevented the latter action from taking practical effect."
] | [] |
Lower lot | Which roller coaster at Universal Studios Hollywood operates inside? | Universal Studios Hollywood | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
6
] | [
"The Lower lot is the smaller of the two lots.",
"There are three thrill rides at this section of the park.",
"All three of the rides have certain height and ride restrictions.",
"It is home to ', \"The NBC Universal Experience\", \"Revenge of the Mummy\" (where E.T.",
"Adventure once stood) and most recently the home to '.",
"Jurassic Park: The ride is a water adventure ride.",
"Revenge of the Mummy is a high speed in-door roller coaster.",
"It is considered by some guests as the \"scariest/most intense ride\" of the park.",
"The last and newest ride at the lower lot is Transformers 3D: The Ride.",
"Transformers 3D: The ride uses high tech technology to simulate 3D technology.",
"It is somewhat similar to the Simpsons Ride, but with actual vehicle movement and includes more intense movements than the Simpsons Ride.",
"This is currently the most packed ride at the theme park and the ride with the longest wait time.",
"All 3 rides on the lower lot have a single rider line.",
"A single rider can use the single rider as many times he/she may desire to use.",
"Similar to other Universal theme parks around the world, where duplicates of Jurassic Park: The Ride exist, the area surrounding the ride features a Jurassic Park merchandise shop named Jurassic Outfitters and a dining facility named Jurassic Café.",
"Similarly a Revenge of the Mummy gift shop, called Tomb Treasures, greets guests as they exit that ride."
] | [] |
Books | Which year did the album "Bro on the Go" come out? | How I Met Your Mother | true | 1TV
| [
3
] | [
" \"The Bro Code\", cited by Barney many times throughout the series, is a set of written rules for bros to follow, and has been published as a tie-in novel, an audiobook, an iPhone Application and an Android Application.",
"Barney alleges it was written by Barnabus Stinson, a contemporary of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin.",
"Many of the rules listed in this book also appear in the show's closing vanity cards in syndication, similar to what Chuck Lorre uses to end episodes of several of his shows, \"Dharma and Greg\", \"The Big Bang Theory\", \"Two and a Half Men\", and \"Mike and Molly\".",
" \"Bro on the Go\", a companion to \"The Bro Code\", released in 2009.",
" \"Bro Code for Parents: What to Expect When You're Awesome\", released in 2012.",
" \"The Playbook,\" based on the fifth season episode of the same name, by Barney Stinson and Matt Kuhn.",
" \"How I Met Your Mother and Philosophy\", released in 2013."
] | [] |
Healthcare | Where does the U.K. rank in healthcare provision in the year 2000 according to the WHO? | United Kingdom | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
2,
3
] | [
"Healthcare in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter and each country has its own system of private and publicly funded health care, together with alternative, holistic and complementary treatments.",
"Public healthcare is provided to all UK permanent residents and is mostly free at the point of need, being paid for from general taxation.",
"The World Health Organization, in 2000, ranked the provision of healthcare in the United Kingdom as fifteenth best in Europe and eighteenth in the world.",
"Regulatory bodies are organised on a UK-wide basis such as the General Medical Council, the Nursing and Midwifery Council and non-governmental-based, such as the Royal Colleges.",
"However, political and operational responsibility for healthcare lies with four national executives; healthcare in England is the responsibility of the UK Government; healthcare in Northern Ireland is the responsibility of the Northern Ireland Executive; healthcare in Scotland is the responsibility of the Scottish Government; and healthcare in Wales is the responsibility of the Welsh Assembly Government.",
"Each National Health Service has different policies and priorities, resulting in contrasts.",
"Since 1979 expenditure on healthcare has been increased significantly to bring it closer to the European Union average.",
"The UK spends around 8.4 per cent of its gross domestic product on healthcare, which is 0.5 percentage points below the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average and about one percentage point below the average of the European Union."
] | [
4,
3
] |
Cover versions | In 1984 Weird Al produced an album what was the name? | Hey Jude | true | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Weird Al\" Yankovic included the song in his first polka medley \"Polkas on 45\" from his 1984 album \"\"Weird Al\" Yankovic in 3-D\".",
"Katy Perry performed a cover of the song as part of the 2012 MusiCares Person of the Year concert honoring McCartney, and in her 2012 film \"\".",
"The song was performed by the members of glee club in the 2013 \"Glee\" episode \"Tina in the Sky with Diamonds\" and the soundtrack \"Glee Sings the Beatles\", in which the song is shortened to four minutes and fifty-one seconds.",
"In the late 1960s, famous singer Sinn Sisamouth recorded a Cambodian version of \"Hey Jude\".",
"South African band Dr Victor and the Rasta Rebels included a version on their greatest hits album.",
"Wilson Pickett covered the song in 1968 with pre-Allman Brothers Band session musician Duane Allman on guitar.",
"In the 2011 \"Top Gear\" the song was covered by the \"Top Gear band\" - consisting of presenters Jeremy Clarkson (drums), Richard Hammond (double bass) and James May (keyboard) as well as executive producer Andy Wilman (vocals) - during a trade fair in Delhi.",
"For rights reasons, in the DVD version of the episode it is replaced by \"Sowing the Seeds of Love\" by Tears for Fears."
] | [
0
] |
Geography | What part of the Grand Cranyon sees rain in the summer? | Grand Canyon | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
10
] | [
"The Grand Canyon is a big fissure in the Colorado Plateau that exposes uplifted Proterozoic and Paleozoic strata, and is also one of the 19 distinct physiographic sections of the Colorado Plateau province.",
"It is not the deepest canyon in the world (Kali Gandaki Gorge in Nepal is far deeper), however, the Grand Canyon is known for its visually overwhelming size and its intricate and colorful landscape.",
"Geologically it is significant because of the thick sequence of ancient rocks that is beautifully preserved and exposed in the walls of the canyon.",
"These rock layers record much of the early geologic history of the North American continent.",
"Uplift associated with mountain formation later moved these sediments thousands of feet upward and created the Colorado Plateau.",
"The higher elevation has also resulted in greater precipitation in the Colorado River drainage area, but not enough to change the Grand Canyon area from being semi-arid.",
"The uplift of the Colorado Plateau is uneven, and the Kaibab Plateau that Grand Canyon bisects is over a thousand feet higher at the North Rim (about ) than at the South Rim.",
"Almost all runoff from the North Rim (which also gets more rain and snow) flows toward the Grand Canyon, while much of the runoff on the plateau behind the South Rim flows away from the canyon (following the general tilt).",
"The result is deeper and longer tributary washes and canyons on the north side and shorter and steeper side canyons on the south side.",
"Temperatures on the North Rim are generally lower than those on the South Rim because of the greater elevation (averaging 8,000 ft/2,438 m above sea level).",
"Heavy rains are common on both rims during the summer months.",
"Access to the North Rim via the primary route leading to the canyon (State Route 67) is limited during the winter season due to road closures."
] | [
0
] |
Caribbean and Latin America | What type of rice might Native Americans have extensively cultivated? | Rice | false | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"Rice is not native to the Americas but was introduced to Latin America and the Caribbean by European colonizers at an early date with Spanish colonizers introducing Asian rice to Mexico in the 1520s at Veracruz and the Portuguese and their African slaves introducing it at about the same time to Colonial Brazil.",
"Recent scholarship suggests that enslaved Africans played an active role in the establishment of rice in the New World and that African rice was an important crop from an early period.",
"Varieties of rice and bean dishes that were a staple dish along the peoples of West Africa remained a staple among their descendants subjected to slavery in the Spanish New World colonies, Brazil and elsewhere in the Americas.",
"The Native Americans of what is now the Eastern United States may have practiced extensive agriculture with forms of wild rice."
] | [
0
] |
Season 1 | What is the age of Zach and Grace? | The Good Wife | true | 1TV
| [
6
] | [
"Season synopses.",
"Season 1.",
"As a junior associate at a prestigious Chicago law firm, Alicia Florrick joins her longtime friend, former law school classmate and firm partner Will Gardner, who is interested in rekindling their former relationship.",
"The firm's top litigator and other partner, Diane Lockhart, likes Alicia's work and her connections so she and Will award her with a full-time associate position following a trial period.",
"Alicia beat out Cary Agos, a clever young attorney who takes a job in the state's attorney's office, now bitter and vengeful.",
"Alicia finds an ally and a friend in Kalinda, the firm's tough and mysterious in-house investigator.",
"Gaining confidence every day, Alicia transforms herself from embarrassed politician's scorned wife to resilient career woman, especially for the sake of providing a stable home for her children, 14-year-old Zach and 13-year-old Grace.",
"Now that Peter is back home and planning to run for office again with help from Eli Gold, his cunning image consultant, Alicia continues to redefine herself and her role in her family's life."
] | [
0
] |
Charlie Nagreen | What was Nagreen's purpose for introducing his pork sandwiches at the Seymour Fair? | Hamburger | true | 9FOOD
| [
2
] | [
"One of the earliest claims comes from Charlie Nagreen, who in 1885 sold a meatball between two slices of bread at the Seymour Fair now called theOutagamie County Fair in some attributions.",
"The Seymour Community Historical Society of Seymour, Wisconsin, credits Nagreen, now known as \"Hamburger Charlie\", with the invention of the hamburger.",
"Nagreen was fifteen when he reportedly made sandwiches out of pork that he was selling at the 1885 Seymour Fair (now the Outagamie County Fair), so that customers could eat while walking.",
"The Historical Society explains that Nagreen named the hamburger after the Hamburg steak with which local German immigrants were familiar."
] | [
0
] |
History | How many lives were lost during the Sook Ching massacre? | Singapore | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
13
] | [
"Temasek ('sea town'), a second century outpost of the Sumatran Srivijaya empire, is the earliest known settlement on Singapore.",
"The island was part of the Sri Vijaya Empire when it was invaded by the south Indian Emperor Rajendra Chola I of the Chola Empire in the 11th century.",
"In 1613, Portuguese raiders burned down the settlement and the island sank into obscurity for the next two centuries.",
"Nominally, it belonged to the Johor Sultanate during this period.",
"In 1819, Thomas Stamford Raffles arrived and signed a treaty with Sultan Hussein Shah of Johor on behalf of the British East India Company to develop the southern part of Singapore as a British trading post.",
"In 1824, the entire island became a British possession under a further treaty with the Sultan and the Temenggong.",
"In 1826, Singapore became part of the Straits Settlements, under the jurisdiction of British India, becoming the regional capital in 1836.",
"Before Raffles arrived, there were approximately 1,000 people living on the island, mostly indigenous Malays along with a handful of Chinese.",
"By 1860, the population exceeded 80,000 and more than half was Chinese.",
"Many immigrants came to work at rubber plantations and, after the 1870s, the island became a global centre for rubber exports.",
"During World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army invaded British Malaya, culminating in the Battle of Singapore.",
"The British were defeated, and surrendered on 15 February 1942.",
"British Prime Minister Winston Churchill called this \"the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history\".",
"The Sook Ching massacre of ethnic Chinese after the fall of Singapore claimed between 5,000 and 25,000 lives.",
"The Japanese occupied Singapore until the British repossessed it in September 1945, after the Surrender of Japan.",
"Singapore's first general election in 1955 was won by David Marshall, the pro-independence leader of the Labour Front.",
"He led a delegation to London to demand complete self-rule but was turned down by the British.",
"He subsequently resigned and was replaced by Lim Yew Hock, whose policies convinced Britain to grant Singapore full internal self-government for all matters except defence and foreign affairs.",
"During the May 1959 elections, the People's Action Party won a landslide victory.",
"Singapore became an internally self-governing state within the Commonwealth and Lee Kuan Yew became the country's first Prime Minister.",
"Governor Sir William Allmond Codrington Goode served as the first Yang di-Pertuan Negara (\"Head of State\"), and was succeeded by Yusof bin Ishak who became the first President of Singapore in 1965.",
"During the 1950s, Chinese Communists with strong ties to the trade unions and Chinese schools carried out an armed uprising against the government, leading to the Malayan Emergency and later, the Communist Insurgency War.",
"The 1954 National Service Riots, Chinese middle schools riots and Hock Lee bus riots in Singapore were all linked to these events."
] | [
5
] |
Utility | When did the British Royal Mail begin using bicycles? | Cycling | true | 4SPORT
| [
2
] | [
"Utility cycling refers both to cycling as a mode of daily commuting transport as well as the use of a bicycle in a commercial activity, mainly to transport goods, mostly accomplished in an urban environment.",
"The postal services of many countries have long relied on bicycles.",
"The British Royal Mail first started using bicycles in 1880; now bicycle delivery fleets include 37,000 in the UK, 25,700 in Germany, 10,500 in Hungary and 7000 in Sweden.",
"The London Ambulance Service has recently introduced bicycling paramedics, who can often get to the scene of an incident in Central London more quickly than a motorized ambulance.",
"Late in the 20th century, urban police bicycles became more common, as the mobility of car-borne officers was increasingly limited by traffic congestion and pedestrianisation.",
"Bicycles enjoy substantial use as general delivery vehicles in many countries.",
"In the UK and North America, as their first jobs, generations of teenagers have worked at delivering newspapers by bicycle.",
"London has many delivery companies that use bicycles with trailers.",
"Most cities in the West, and many outside it, support a sizeable and visible industry of cycle couriers who deliver documents and small packages.",
"In India, many of Mumbai's Dabbawalas use bicycles to deliver home cooked lunches to the city’s workers.",
"In Bogotá, Colombia the city’s largest bakery recently replaced most of its delivery trucks with bicycles.",
"Even the car industry uses bicycles.",
"At the huge Mercedes-Benz factory in Sindelfingen, Germany workers use bicycles, color-coded by department, to move around the factory."
] | [
2
] |
Production | What writer wrote the book that became the movie "Wake in Fright?" | Wake in Fright | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"A film version of \"Wake in Fright\", based on the 1961 novel by Kenneth Cook, was linked with the actor Dirk Bogarde and the director Joseph Losey as early as 1963.",
"Morris West later secured the film rights and tried, unsuccessfully, to raise funding for the film's production.",
"The rights were eventually bought by NLT and Group W. and Canadian director Ted Kotcheff was recruited to direct the film.",
"At the time of production, Kotcheff had directed two films, \"Tiara Tahiti\" (1962) and \"Two Men Sharing\" (1969).",
"After \"Wake in Fright\", Kotcheff would continue to have a successful career as a director.",
"His later films included \"The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz\" (1973), \"Fun with Dick and Jane\" (1977), \"First Blood\" (1982) and \"Weekend at Bernie's\" (1988).",
"The shooting of \"Wake in Fright\" began in Australia in January 1970 at Broken Hill, New South Wales (the area which had inspired Cook for the setting of his novel), with interiors shot the next month at Ajax Studios in the Sydney beach-side suburb of Bondi.",
"It was the last film to feature the veteran character actor Chips Rafferty, who died of a heart attack prior to \"Wake in Fright\"s release, and the first film with Jack Thompson, the future Australian cinema star, among its cast members.",
"Coincidentally, Rafferty (real name John William Pilbean Goffage) had been born in Broken Hill, the film's stand-in for \"The Yabba\", in 1909."
] | [
0
] |
Treaty signing | Who was the president of the United States during the Louisiana Purchase? | Louisiana Purchase | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1,
5
] | [
"On Saturday, April 30, 1803, the Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris.",
"Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4.",
"After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, \"We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank.",
"\"The United States Senate ratified the treaty with a vote of twenty-four to seven on October 20.",
"The Senators who voted against the treaty were: Simeon Olcott and William Plumer of New Hampshire, William Wells and Samuel White of Delaware, James Hillhouse and Uriah Tracy of Connecticut, and Timothy Pickering of Massachusetts.",
"On the following day, the Senate authorized President Jefferson to take possession of the territory and establish a temporary military government.",
"In legislation enacted on October 31, Congress made temporary provisions for local civil government to continue as it had under French and Spanish rule and authorized the President to use military forces to maintain order.",
"Plans were also set forth for several missions to explore and chart the territory, the most famous being the Lewis and Clark Expedition.",
"France turned New Orleans over on December 20, 1803 at The Cabildo.",
"On March 10, 1804, a formal ceremony was conducted in St. Louis to transfer ownership of the territory from France to the United States.",
"Effective on October 1, 1804, the purchased territory was organized into the Territory of Orleans (most of which became the state of Louisiana) and the District of Louisiana, which was temporarily under the control of the governor and judges of the Indiana Territory."
] | [
3
] |
Recurring cast | Who is Rocky's brother? | The New Normal (TV series) | false | 1TV
| [
8
] | [
" Jackie Hoffman as Frances, David's mother",
" Barry Bostwick as Marty, David's father",
" Mary Kay Place as Colleen, Bryan's mother",
" Marlo Thomas as Nancy Niles, Jane's boss",
" Cheri Oteri as Carla, Bryan and David's baby consultant",
" John Stamos as Brice, Jane's love interest and co-worker at Niles and Windsor Realtors",
" Michael Hitchcock as Gary, the head of the surrogacy firm",
" John Benjamin Hickey as Father Michael",
"Sterling Sulieman as Clint, Rocky's brother"
] | [
3
] |
Synopsis | How does the music video for Taylor Swift's "We are never ever getting back together" end? | We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together | true | 0MUSIC
| [
8
] | [
"The video begins with Swift in colorful pajamas recounting the events of her off and on again relationship with her ex-boyfriend (played by Noah Mills).",
"The video then segues into Swift going into her living room where her band is dressed up in animal costumes and Swift belts out the chorus of the song.",
"The video then goes to a TV where Swift says \"Like, ever.\"",
"and then to the dining room where we see she returns to recounting the events of her relationship and receives a phone call from her ex who is calling her from a nightclub.",
"Swift hangs up on him and he walks off screen into the nightclub.",
"It then goes to the two in a truck having an argument then to them having a stroll in the park.",
"Swift then runs off and we see her on the phone telling the person on the other line how she and her ex are not getting back together and her frustration of their entire relationship.",
"The video then segues back to Swift's living room where a party is going on and her ex shows up unannounced trying to woo her back and she slams the door in his face.",
"The video ends with Swift on her window ledge where she was at the beginning of the video, singing the last line of the song."
] | [
5
] |
Mudd's culpability | What person testified in court that Booth got supplies delivered to Mudd's residence? | Assassination of Abraham Lincoln | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
7
] | [
"The degree of Mudd's culpability has remained a controversy ever since.",
"Some, including Mudd's grandson Richard Mudd, claimed that Mudd was innocent of any wrongdoing and that he had been imprisoned merely for treating a man who came to his house late at night with a fractured leg.",
"Over a century after the assassination, Presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan both wrote letters to Richard Mudd agreeing that his grandfather committed no crime.",
"However, others, including authors Edward Steers, Jr. and James Swanson, assert that Samuel Mudd visited Booth three times in the months before the failed kidnapping attempt.",
"The first time was November 1864 when Booth, looking for help in his kidnapping plot, was directed to Mudd by agents of the Confederate Secret Service.",
"In December, Booth met with Mudd again and stayed the night at his farm.",
"Later that December, Mudd went to Washington and introduced Booth to a Confederate agent he knew — John Surratt.",
"Additionally, George Atzerodt testified that Booth sent supplies to Mudd's house in preparation for the kidnap plan.",
"Mudd lied to the authorities who came to his house after the assassination, claiming that he did not recognize the man who showed up on his doorstep in need of treatment and giving false information about where Booth and Herold went.",
"He also hid the monogrammed boot that he had cut off Booth's injured leg behind a panel in his attic, but the thorough search of Mudd's house soon revealed this further evidence against him.",
"One hypothesis is that Dr. Mudd was active in the kidnapping plot, likely as the person the conspirators would turn to for medical treatment in case Lincoln were injured, and that Booth thus remembered the doctor and went to his house to get help in the early hours of April 15."
] | [
0
] |
Season 2 | Although other prisons are captured, where do the brothers escape to? | Prison Break | false | 1TV
| [
9
] | [
"The second season begins eight hours after the escape, focusing mainly on the eight escapees.",
"Series creator Paul Scheuring describes the second season as \"\"The Fugitive\" times eight\" and likens it to the \"second half of \"The Great Escape\".\"",
"The fugitives split up and journey to locations across the country with the authorities close behind them as they each pursue their individual goals.",
"Brad Bellick (Wade Williams) gets fired from the prison where he worked as the main guard and chases after the inmates himself for the reward money.",
"Several of the escapees reunite in search of a large cache of money buried long ago by another Fox River inmate, Charles Westmoreland (Muse Watson).",
"Federal agent Alexander Mahone (William Fichtner) is assigned to track down and capture the eight fugitives, but is revealed to be working for The Company, which wants all eight men dead.",
"When Sara discovers her father, Governor Frank Tancredi (John Heard), has been killed, she meets with Michael, remaining with him as the brothers try to bring down now-President Reynolds, a Company member.",
"To ensure the brothers' safety, Sara allows herself to be arrested and faces trial.",
"During the trial, the testimony of former Secret Service agent Paul Kellerman (Paul Adelstein), who used to work for the Company-controlled President, exonerates Lincoln and Sara.",
"Half of the escapees are killed or recaptured, but the brothers make it to Panama.",
"Michael, T-Bag, Mahone, and Bellick are arrested by the Panamanian authorities and imprisoned at the Penitenciaría Federal de Sona."
] | [
4
] |
Vétheuile | How many children did Monet have? | Claude Monet | false | 3ART
| [
4,
5
] | [
"After several difficult months following the death of Camille, Monet began to create some of his best paintings of the 19th century.",
"During the early 1880s, Monet painted several groups of landscapes and seascapes in what he considered to be campaigns to document the French countryside.",
"These began to evolve into series of pictures in which he documented the same scene many times in order to capture the changing of light and the passing of the seasons.",
"Monet's friend Ernest Hoschedé became bankrupt, and left in 1878 for Belgium.",
"After the death of Camille Monet in September 1879, and while Monet continued to live in the house in Vétheuil, Alice Hoschedé helped Monet to raise his two sons, Jean and Michel.",
"She took them to Paris to live alongside her own six children, Blanche, (who married Jean Monet), Germaine, Hoschedé, Marthe, Jean-Pierre, and Jacques.",
"In the spring of 1880, Alice Hoschedé and all the children left Paris and rejoined Monet at Vétheuil.",
"In 1881, all of them moved to Poissy, which Monet hated.",
"In April 1883, looking out the window of the little train between Vernon and Gasny, he discovered Giverny in Normandy.",
"Monet, Alice Hoschedé and the children moved to Vernon, then to the house in Giverny, where he planted a large garden and where he painted for much of the rest of his life.",
"Following the death of her estranged husband, Monet married Alice Hoschedé in 1892."
] | [
5
] |
Crime | How much was stolen from Nigeria's treasury between 1960-1999? | Nigeria | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
16
] | [
"Nigeria is home to a substantial network of organised crime, active especially in drug trafficking.",
"Nigerian criminal groups are heavily involved in drug trafficking, shipping heroin from Asian countries to Europe and America; and cocaine from South America to Europe and South Africa.",
"The various Nigerian Confraternities or \"campus cults\" are active in both organised crime and in political violence as well as providing a network of corruption within Nigeria.",
"As confraternities have extensive connections with political and military figures, they offer excellent alumni networking opportunities.",
"The Supreme Vikings Confraternity, for example, boasts that twelve members of the Rivers State House of Assembly are cult members.",
"On lower levels of society, there are the \"area boys\", organised gangs mostly active in Lagos who specialise in mugging and small-scale drug dealing.",
"According to official statistics, gang violence in Lagos resulted in 273 civilians and 84 policemen killed in the period of August 2000 to May 2001.",
"Internationally, Nigeria is infamous for a form of bank fraud dubbed \"419\", a type of advance fee fraud (named after Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code) along with the \"Nigerian scam\", a form of confidence trick practised by individuals and criminal syndicates.",
"These scams involve a complicit Nigerian bank (the laws being set up loosely to allow it) and a scammer who claims to have money he needs to obtain from that bank.",
"The victim is talked into exchanging bank account information on the premise that the money will be transferred to him, and then he'll get to keep a cut.",
"In reality, money is taken out instead, and/or large fees (which seem small in comparison with the imaginary wealth he awaits) are deducted.",
"In 2003, the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (or EFCC) was created, ostensibly to combat this and other forms of organised financial crime.",
"There is also some piracy in Nigeria, with attacks mainly directed at smaller ships shuttling employees and materials belonging to the oil companies with any involvement in oil exploration in the Niger Delta.",
"From 1 January 2007 to 29 October 2007, twenty-six pirate attacks were recorded.",
"Nigeria is also pervaded by political corruption.",
"It is ranked 143 out of 182 countries in Transparency International's 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index.",
"More than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999."
] | [
5
] |
Shot dead | What type of gun did Princip use to assassinate Franz Ferdinand? | Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1
] | [
"After learning that the first assassination attempt had been unsuccessful, Princip thought about a position to assassinate the archduke on his return journey, and decided to move to a position in front of a nearby food shop (Schiller's delicatessen), near the Latin Bridge.",
"When Franz Ferdinand's car approached on its return journey, Princip stepped forward and fired two shots from a distance of about one and a half metres (5 feet) using a Belgian-made 9×17mm (.380 ACP) Fabrique Nationale model 1910 semi-automatic pistol.",
"Pistol serial numbers 19074, 19075, 19120 and 19126 were supplied to the assassins; Princip used #19074.",
"According to Albertini, \"the first bullet wounded the Archduke in the jugular vein, the second inflicted an abdominal wound on the Duchess.\"",
"Princip was immediately arrested.",
"At his sentencing, Princip stated that his intention had been to kill Governor Potiorek, rather than Sophie.",
"Both victims remained seated upright, but dying while being driven to the Governor's residence for medical treatment.",
"As reported by Count Harrach, Franz Ferdinand's last words were \"Sophie, Sophie!",
"Don't die!",
"Live for our children!\"",
"followed by six or seven utterances of \"It is nothing.\"",
"in response to Harrach's inquiry as to Franz Ferdinand's injury.",
"These utterances were followed by a long death rattle.",
"Sophie was dead on arrival at the Governor's residence.",
"Franz Ferdinand died 10 minutes later."
] | [
0
] |
Water polo equipment | What Items are required in water polo? | Water polo | false | 4SPORT
| [
2,
3,
5,
6,
8
] | [
" equipment.",
"Little player equipment is needed to play water polo.",
"Items required in water polo include:",
"Ball: A water polo ball is constructed of waterproof material to allow it to float on the water.",
"The cover is textured to give players additional grip.",
"The size of the ball is different for men's, women's and junior games.",
"Caps: A water polo cap is used to protect the players' heads and ears, and to make them identifiable from afar.",
"Home team field players wear numbered white caps; Visiting team field players wear numbered dark-colored or black caps.",
"Both starting goalkeepers wear red caps (sometimes quartered), numbered \"1\" (substitute goalies' caps are numbered either \"13\" for FINA international play or \"15\" for NCAA play) Caps are fitted with ear protectors.",
"Goals: Two goals are needed in order to play water polo.",
"These can either be put on the side of the pool, or in the pool using floaters.",
"Mouthguard: A mouthguard is not mandatory in most tournaments, but is recommended.",
"Swimwear: Male water polo players wear either swim briefs or jammers (thigh-length trunks).",
"Female players must wear a one-piece swimsuit.",
"Suit-grabbing fouls are common, so players often wear tight-fitting suits, and may layer on several suits at a time for additional security.",
"Many swimwear labels also sell specialized water polo suits that feature reinforced stitching and tougher fabric.",
"Female water polo suits are generally one-piece outfits which do not have open backs, but zip securely up the back so as to not have straps that can be easily grabbed."
] | [
0
] |
Reception | Was Lord of the Rings reviewed well in the beginning? | The Lord of the Rings | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0,
1,
2
] | [
"While early reviews for The Lord of the Rings were mixed, reviews in various media have been, on the whole, highly positive and acknowledge Tolkien's literary achievement as a significant one.",
"On its initial review the \"Sunday Telegraph\" felt it was \"among the greatest works of imaginative fiction of the twentieth century.\"",
"The \"Sunday Times\" seemed to echo these sentiments when in its review it was stated that \"the English-speaking world is divided into those who have read \"The Lord of the Rings\" and \"The Hobbit\" and those who are going to read them.\"",
"The \"New York Herald Tribune\" also seemed to have an idea of how popular the books would become, writing in its review that they were \"destined to outlast our time.\"",
"W. H. Auden, an admirer of Tolkien's writings, regarded \"The Lord of the Rings\" as a \"masterpiece\", further stating that in some cases it outdid the achievement of John Milton's \"Paradise Lost\".",
"\"New York Times\" reviewer Judith Shulevitz criticized the \"pedantry\" of Tolkien's literary style, saying that he \"formulated a high-minded belief in the importance of his mission as a literary preservationist, which turns out to be death to literature itself.\"",
"Critic Richard Jenkyns, writing in \"The New Republic\", criticized the work for a lack of psychological depth.",
"Both the characters and the work itself are, according to Jenkyns, \"anemic, and lacking in fibre.\"",
"Even within Tolkien's literary group, The Inklings, reviews were mixed.",
"Hugo Dyson complained loudly at its readings.",
"However, another Inkling, C. S. Lewis, had very different feelings, writing, \"here are beauties which pierce like swords or burn like cold iron.",
"Here is a book which will break your heart.\"",
"Despite these reviews and its lack of paperback printing until the 1960s, \"The Lord of the Rings\" initially sold well in hardback.",
"In 1957, \"The Lord of the Rings\" was awarded the International Fantasy Award.",
"Despite its numerous detractors, the publication of the Ace Books and Ballantine paperbacks helped \"The Lord of the Rings\" become immensely popular in the United States in the 1960s.",
"The book has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the twentieth century, judged by both sales and reader surveys.",
"In the 2003 \"Big Read\" survey conducted in Britain by the BBC, \"The Lord of the Rings\" was found to be the \"Nation's best-loved book.\"",
"In similar 2004 polls both Germany and Australia also found \"The Lord of the Rings\" to be their favourite book.",
"In a 1999 poll of Amazon.com customers, \"The Lord of the Rings\" was judged to be their favourite \"book of the millennium.\"",
"\"The Lord of the Rings\" was awarded the Prometheus Hall of Fame Award in 2009."
] | [] |
Civil war and occupation | When was the peace plan accepted? | Lebanon | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
11
] | [
"In 1975, following increasing sectarian tensions, a full-scale civil war broke out in Lebanon.",
"The Lebanese Civil War pitted a coalition of Christian groups against the joint forces of the PLO, left-wing Druze and Muslim militias.",
"In June 1976 Syria sent in its own troops, ostensibly to restore peace.",
"In October 1976 the Arab League agreed to establish a predominantly Syrian Arab Deterrent Force, which was charged with restoring calm.",
"In 1982, the PLO presence in Lebanon led to an Israeli invasion.",
"A multinational force of American, French and Italian contingents (joined in 1983 by a British contingent) were deployed in Beirut after the Israeli siege of the city, to supervise the evacuation of the PLO.",
"It returned in September 1982 after the assassination of Bashir Gemayel and subsequent fighting, during which a number of massacres were committed, such as in Damour, in Sabra and Shatila, and in several refugee camps.",
"The multinational force was withdrawn in the spring of 1984, following a devastating bombing attack during the previous year.",
"According to a videotape released by Osama Bin Laden in 2004, images of the bombing of Lebanon were what made him conceive the attack on the United States on the 11th of September 2001, in order to deter further attacks resulting in the deaths of women and children.",
"In September 1988, the Parliament failed to elect a successor to President Gemayel as a result of differences between the Christians and the Muslims and Syrians.",
"The Arab League Summit of May 1989 led to the formation of a Saudi-Moroccan-Algerian committee to solve the crisis.",
"On 16 September 1989 the committee issued a peace plan which was accepted by all.",
"A ceasefire was established, the ports and airports were re-opened and refugees began to return.",
"In the same month, the Lebanese Parliament agreed to the Taif Agreement, which included an outline timetable for Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon and a formula for the de-confessionalisation of the Lebanese political system.",
"The war ended at the end of 1990 after sixteen years, resulting in massive loss of human life and property, while devastating the country's economy.",
"It is estimated that 150,000 people were killed and another 200,000 wounded.",
"Some 900,000 people, representing one-fifth of the pre-war population, were displaced from their homes.",
"Parts of Lebanon were left in ruins.",
"The Taif Agreement has still not been implemented in full and Lebanon's political system continues to be divided along sectarian lines."
] | [
2
] |
Languages | How many indigenous languages are recognized by the constitution? | Venezuela | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Although the country is mostly monolingual Spanish, many languages are spoken in Venezuela.",
"In addition to Spanish, the Constitution recognizes more than thirty indigenous languages, including Wayuu, Warao, Pemón, and many others for the official use of the indigenous peoples, mostly with few speakers – less than 1% of the total population.",
"Immigrants, in addition to Spanish, speak their own languages.",
"Arabic is spoken by Lebanese and Syrian colonies on Isla de Margarita, Maracaibo, Punto Fijo, Puerto la Cruz, El Tigre, Maracay, and Caracas.",
"Portuguese is spoken not only by the Portuguese community in Santa Elena de Uairén but also by much of the population due to its proximity to Brazil.",
"The German community speaks their native language, while the Colonia Tovar speaks mostly an Alemannic dialect of German called \"coloniero\".",
"English is the most widely used foreign language in demand and is spoken by many professionals, academics, and members of the upper and middle classes as a result of oil exploration by foreign companies, in addition to its acceptance as a lingua franca.",
"Culturally, English is common in southern towns like El Callao, for the English-speaking native influence evident in folk songs and calypso Venezuelan and French with English voices.",
"Italian instruction is guaranteed by the presence of a constant number of schools and private institutions because the Italian government considered mandatory language teaching at school level.",
"Other languages spoken by large communities in the country are Chinese and Galician, among others."
] | [
5
] |
Critical reception | What did Pop Crush rate the song? | Moves like Jagger | false | 0MUSIC
| [
9
] | [
"Bill Lamb from About.com gave the song a positive review, giving the single four-and-a-half out of five stars.",
"Lamb wrote that, \"The funky, whistle driven melody here is loose, light, and irresistibly funky.",
"The punchy guest vocal from fellow judge Christina Aguilera is simply icing on the cake.",
"There is a real vocal chemistry between Aguilera and Levine.\"",
"Lamb called the song an \"outstanding summer song\", writing that \"It is light, danceable, and would sound great in the car with the top down.\"",
"Robbie Daw from Idolator wrote that \"It takes a full two minutes and 15 seconds for Christina's soulful pipes to begin trilling on \"Moves like Jagger.\"",
"But once she does, she immediately steals the show.\"",
"Daw concluded by writing that \"this is the best thing from either of these two in years.",
"\"While naming the song \"a contender for 2011's song of the summer\", James Dinh from MTV Newsroom wrote that \"Adam Levine and Christina Aguilera have turned their friendly rivalry on NBC's \"The Voice\" into some studio chemistry.\"",
"Scott Schelter from Pop Crush awarded \"Moves like Jagger\" four-and-a-half out of five stars.",
"Schelter called the song \"danceable and fun\" and wrote that \"the song would've been great even without Aguilera, but her fiery cameo makes it that much better.\"",
"Robert Copsey wrote for Digital Spy: \" \"Take me by the tongue and I'll know you/ Kiss me till you're drunk and I'll show you,\" Ad insists over a funky, finger-clicking bassline and an irresistible whistle hook that immediately burrows deep into the recesses of your brain.",
"\"If I share my secret/ You're gonna have to keep it,\" Xtina says on her short, sweet and perfectly-formed cameo.",
"We've already got your number, love, but our surprise is still 100% genuine.",
"\"Jagger himself acknowledged the song in an interview, calling the concept \"very flattering.\""
] | [
0
] |
Process | Why do pork bellies get tumbled? | Bacon | true | 9FOOD
| [
2
] | [
"First, pork bellies are sorted by size and fat percentage.",
"They are then placed into a large machine that rotates (often called a tumbler).",
"This softens the bellies, which makes it easier to remove the rinds.",
"The bellies are then cut, either manually or mechanically, to remove the skin from the meat.",
"The skins may be used to be processed into pork rinds.",
"The bacon is then treated by a brine solution.",
"The brine solution may contain the flavorings, or the flavorings may be added later.",
"After being brined, the bacon is smoked.",
"Depending on where the bacon is made, the smoking process is different.",
"The bacon is then cooked in an oven and soon after chilled for a few days.",
"The cooling makes the meat firm which makes it easier to slice.",
"After being cooled, the bacon is sliced into strips.",
"The bacon is then cooked.",
"The fat that cooks off the bacon is sometimes collected to be used for things like gravy and pet foods.",
"The bacon strips are then ready for consumption.",
"If the bacon is made for commercial use then the strips are packaged."
] | [
1
] |
Sport | When did Venezuela host the Basketball World Olympic Qualifying Tournament? | Venezuela | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
2
] | [
"Baseball is Venezuela's most popular sport, with the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League existing since 1945.",
"Besides baseball, Venezuela's most popular sports are basketball and football.",
"Venezuela hosted the 2012 Basketball World Olympic Qualifying Tournament and the 2013 FIBA Basketball Americas Championship, which took place in Poliedro de Caracas.",
"Football, spearheaded by the Venezuela national football team is gaining popularity as well.",
"Venezuela will hold the Copa América every 40 years, according to the Conmebol rotation policy.",
"(2007, 2047, 2087, 2127, 2167, 2207, 2247, 2287...)Venezuela is also home to Formula 1 driver, Pastor Maldonado.",
"At the 2012 Spanish Grand Prix, he claimed his first pole and victory and became the first and only Venezuelan to have done so in the entire Formula 1 history.",
"Maldonado has increased the reception of Formula 1 fans in Venezuela and is now inspiring thousands of young Venezuelan children to aim for Formula 1.",
"In the 2012 Summer Olympics, Venezuelan Rubén Limardo won gold in fencing."
] | [
2
] |
Sport | When did skiing begin in Australlia? | Australia | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
14
] | [
"Approximately 24% of Australians over the age of 15 regularly participate in organised sporting activities.",
"Australia has strong international teams in cricket, field hockey, netball, rugby league, and rugby union, having been Olympic or world champions at least twice in each sport in the last 25 years for both men and women where applicable.",
"Australia is also powerful in track cycling, rowing, and swimming, having consistently been in the top-five medal-winners at Olympic or World Championship level since 2000.",
"Swimming is the strongest of these sports; Australia is the second-most prolific medal winner in the sport in Olympic history.",
"Some of Australia's most internationally well-known and successful sportspeople are swimmers Dawn Fraser, Murray Rose, Shane Gould, and Ian Thorpe; sprinters Shirley Strickland, Betty Cuthbert, and Cathy Freeman; tennis players Rod Laver, Roy Emerson, Ken Rosewall, Evonne Goolagong, and Margaret Court; cricketers Donald Bradman and Shane Warne; three-time Formula One world champion Jack Brabham; five-time motorcycle grand prix world champion Mick Doohan; golfers Greg Norman and Karrie Webb; cyclist Hubert Opperman, prodigious billiards player Walter Lindrum and basketball players Andrew Bogut and Lauren Jackson.",
"Nationally, other popular sports include Australian rules football, horse racing, squash, surfing, soccer, and motor racing.",
"The annual Melbourne Cup horse race and the Sydney to Hobart yacht race attract intense interest.",
"Australia has participated in every summer Olympics of the modern era, and every Commonwealth Games.",
"Australia hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne and the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, and ranked among the top six medal-takers for the games of 2000, 2004 and 2008.",
"In the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Australia was placed 10th in the medal table.",
"Australia has also hosted the 1938, 1962, 1982, 2006 Commonwealth Games and will host the 2018 Commonwealth Games.",
"Other major international events held in Australia include the Australian Open tennis grand slam tournament, international cricket matches, and the Australian Formula One Grand Prix.",
"Australia hosted the 2003 Rugby World Cup and the annual Australia–New Zealand Bledisloe Cup is keenly watched.",
"The highest-rating television programs include sports telecasts such as the summer Olympics, FIFA World Cup, Rugby League State of Origin, and the grand finals of the National Rugby League and Australian Football League.",
"Skiing in Australia began in the 1860s and snow sports take place in the Australian Alps and parts of Tasmania."
] | [
2
] |
Government finance | Who got their wage cut by 20% in 2010? | Portugal | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
5
] | [
"The Portuguese government is heavily indebted, and received a 78 billion euro bailout from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund in May 2011.",
"The ratio of Portugal’s debt to its overall economy, was 107 percent when it received the bailout.",
"As part of the deal, the country agreed to cut its budget deficit from 9.8 percent of GDP in 2010 to 5.9 percent in 2011, 4.5 percent in 2012 and 3 percent in 2013.",
"After the bailout was announced, the Portuguese government headed by Pedro Passos Coelho managed to implement measures with the intention of improve the State's financial situation, including tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending cuts.",
"The Portuguese government also agreed to eliminate its golden share in Portugal Telecom which gave it veto power over vital decisions.",
"In 2012, all public servants had already seen an average wage cut of 20% relative to their 2010 baseline, with cuts reaching 25% for those earning more than 1,500 euro per month.",
"The IMF, the European Commission and the European Central Bank said in September 2012 that Portugal’s debt would peak at 124 percent of gross domestic product in 2014.",
"The IMF previously said in July 2012 that Portugal’s debt would peak at about 118.5 percent of GDP in 2013.",
"In September 2013, the Portuguese Government reviewed again the public debt of Portugal for 2013 to 127.8 percent, after a peak of 130.9 percent in that month.",
"A report released in January 2011 by the Diário de Notícias and published in Portugal by Gradiva, had demonstrated that in the period between the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and 2010, the democratic Portuguese Republic governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles through unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms.",
"This allowed considerable slippage in state-managed public works and inflated top management and head officer bonuses and wages.",
"Persistent and lasting recruitment policies boosted the number of redundant public servants.",
"Risky credit, public debt creation, and European structural and cohesion funds were mismanaged across almost four decades.",
"After the financial crisis of 2007–2008, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investiments, embezzlement and accounting fraud.",
"The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size, market share, and the political implications - Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies, maintained personal and business relationships with the bank and its CEO, who was eventually charged and arrested for fraud and other crimes.",
"In the grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general."
] | [
3
] |
Astrophysics | General relativity and what other theoretical foundation underlie the Big Bang model? | Physics | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
9
] | [
"Astrophysics and astronomy are the application of the theories and methods of physics to the study of stellar structure, stellar evolution, the origin of the solar system, and related problems of cosmology.",
"Because astrophysics is a broad subject, astrophysicists typically apply many disciplines of physics, including mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, nuclear and particle physics, and atomic and molecular physics.",
"The discovery by Karl Jansky in 1931 that radio signals were emitted by celestial bodies initiated the science of radio astronomy.",
"Most recently, the frontiers of astronomy have been expanded by space exploration.",
"Perturbations and interference from the earth's atmosphere make space-based observations necessary for infrared, ultraviolet, gamma-ray, and X-ray astronomy.",
"Physical cosmology is the study of the formation and evolution of the universe on its largest scales.",
"Albert Einstein's theory of relativity plays a central role in all modern cosmological theories.",
"In the early 20th century, Hubble's discovery that the universe is expanding, as shown by the Hubble diagram, prompted rival explanations known as the steady state universe and the Big Bang.",
"The Big Bang was confirmed by the success of Big Bang nucleosynthesis and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background in 1964.",
"The Big Bang model rests on two theoretical pillars: Albert Einstein's general relativity and the cosmological principle.",
"Cosmologists have recently established the ΛCDM model of the evolution of the universe, which includes cosmic inflation, dark energy, and dark matter.",
"Numerous possibilities and discoveries are anticipated to emerge from new data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope over the upcoming decade and vastly revise or clarify existing models of the universe.",
"In particular, the potential for a tremendous discovery surrounding dark matter is possible over the next several years.",
"Fermi will search for evidence that dark matter is composed of weakly interacting massive particles, complementing similar experiments with the Large Hadron Collider and other underground detectors.IBEX is already yielding new astrophysical discoveries: \"No one knows what is creating the ENA (energetic neutral atoms) ribbon\" along the termination shock of the solar wind, \"but everyone agrees that it means the textbook picture of the heliosphere — in which the solar system's enveloping pocket filled with the solar wind's charged particles is plowing through the onrushing 'galactic wind' of the interstellar medium in the shape of a comet — is wrong.\""
] | [
0
] |
Wheelchair division | During what year did the Division rule that athletes in wheelchairs had the ability to compete in the NYC marathon? | Marathon | true | 4SPORT
| [
9
] | [
"Many marathons feature a wheelchair division.",
"Typically, those in the wheelchair racing division start their races earlier than their running counterparts.",
"The first wheelchair marathon was in 1974 in Toledo, Ohio, won by Bob Hall in 2:54.",
"Hall competed in the 1975 Boston Marathon and finished in 2:58, inaugurating the introduction of wheelchair divisions into the Boston Marathon.",
"From 1977 the race was declared the US National Wheelchair championship.",
"The Boston Marathon awards $10,000 to the winning push-rim athlete.",
"Ernst van Dyk has won the Boston Marathon wheelchair division nine times and holds the world record at 1:18:27, set in Boston in 2004.",
"Jean Driscoll won eight times (seven consecutively) and holds the women's world record at 1:34:22.",
"The New York City Marathon banned wheelchair entrants in 1977, citing safety concerns, but then voluntarily allowed Bob Hall to compete after the state Division of Human Rights ordered the marathon to show cause.",
"The Division ruled in 1979 that the New York City Marathon and New York Road Runners club had to allow wheelchair athletes to compete, and confirmed this at appeal in 1980, but the State Supreme Court ruled in 1981 that a ban on wheelchair racers was not discriminatory as the marathon was historically a foot race.",
"However, by 1986 14 wheelchair athletes were competing, and an official wheelchair division was added to the marathon in 2000."
] | [
0
] |
Current status | What is the current status of the problem of quantum gravity and the question regarding the reality of spacetime singularities? | General relativity | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
2
] | [
"General relativity has emerged as a highly successful model of gravitation and cosmology, which has so far passed many unambiguous observational and experimental tests.",
"However, there are strong indications the theory is incomplete.",
"The problem of quantum gravity and the question of the reality of spacetime singularities remain open.",
"Observational data that is taken as evidence for dark energy and dark matter could indicate the need for new physics.",
"Even taken as is, general relativity is rich with possibilities for further exploration.",
"Mathematical relativists seek to understand the nature of singularities and the fundamental properties of Einstein's equations, and increasingly powerful computer simulations (such as those describing merging black holes) are run.",
"The race for the first direct detection of gravitational waves continues, in the hope of creating opportunities to test the theory's validity for much stronger gravitational fields than has been possible to date.",
"More than ninety years after its publication, general relativity remains a highly active area of research."
] | [
0
] |
Dalí's motivation | What religion was Dali's painting "Galatea of the Spheres" symbolic of? | Galatea of the Spheres | true | 3ART
| [
2
] | [
"Dalí had been greatly interested in nuclear physics since the first atomic bomb explosions of August 1945, and described the atom as his \"favourite food for thought\".",
"Recognising that matter was made up of atoms which did not touch each other, he sought to replicate this in his art at the time, with items suspended and not interacting with each other, such as in \"The Madonna of Port Lligat\".",
"This painting was also symbolic of his attempt to reconcile his new faith in Catholicism with nuclear physics.",
"His friend, painter Antoni Pitxot, recalled that Dalí held in high regard the depth of perspective in the painting and the spheres he had painted.",
"Dalí wished for this painting to be displayed on an easel, which had been owned by French painter Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier, in a suite of three rooms called the Palace of the Winds (named for the \"tramontana\") in the Dalí Theatre and Museum in Figueres.",
"It remains on display there to this day.",
"It was transported to and exhibited at the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne in 2009, along with many other Dalí paintings in the \"Liquid Desire\" exhibition. "
] | [
0
] |
Etymology and origins | Where does English writing first make mention of pho? | Pho | true | 9FOOD
| [
4
] | [
"Reviews of 19th and 20th century Indochinese literature have found that pho entered the mainstream sometime in the 1910s.",
"Georges Dumoutier's extensive 1907 account of Vietnamese cuisine omits any mention of pho, while Nguyễn Công Hoan recalls its sale by street vendors in 1913.",
"A 1931 dictionary is the first to define ' as a soup: \"from the word '.",
"A dish consisting of small slices of rice cake boiled with beef.",
"\"Possibly the earliest English-language reference to pho was in the book \"Recipes of All Nations\", edited by Countess Morphy in 1935: In the book, pho is described as \"an Annamese soup held in high esteem ... made with beef, a veal bone, onions, a bayleaf, salt, and pepper, and a small teaspoon of \"nuoc-mam\"\".",
"\"There are two prevailing theories on the origin of the word \"\" and, by extension, the dish itself.",
"As author Nguyễn Dư notes, both questions are significant to Vietnamese identity."
] | [
4
] |
Kashmir conflict | How is Kashmir legally claimed by India? | Pakistan | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
6
] | [
"The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region, the most northwesterly region of South Asia.",
"The two countries have fought at least three wars over Kashmir—the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999—and several skirmishes over the Siachen Glacier.",
"India claims the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir and administers approximately 45.1% of the region, including most of Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, Ladakh, and the Siachen Glacier.",
"India's claim is contested by Pakistan, which controls approximately 38.2% of Kashmir, consisting of Azad Kashmir and the northern areas of Gilgit and Baltistan.",
"The conflict of Kashmir has its origin in 1947, when British India was separated into the two states of Pakistan and India.",
"As part of the partition process, both countries had agreed that the rulers of princely states would be allowed to opt for membership of either Pakistan or India, or in special cases to remain independent.",
"India claims Kashmir on the basis of the Instrument of Accession, a legal agreement with Kashmir's leaders executed by Maharaja Hari Singh, then ruler of Kashmir, agreeing to accede the area to India.",
"Pakistan claims Kashmir on the basis of a Muslim majority and of geography, the same principles that were applied for the creation of the two independent states.",
"India referred the dispute to the United Nations on 1 January 1948.",
"In a resolution in 1948, the UN asked Pakistan to remove most of its troops.",
"A plebiscite would then be held.",
"However, Pakistan failed to vacate the region.",
"A ceasefire was reached in 1949 and a Line of Control was established, dividing Kashmir between the two countries.",
"Pakistan's position is that the people of Jammu and Kashmir have the right to determine their future through impartial elections as mandated by the United Nations.",
"India has stated that it believes that Kashmir is an integral part of India, referring to the 1972 Simla Agreement and to the fact that elections take place regularly.",
"Certain Kashmiri independence groups believe that Kashmir should be independent of both India and Pakistan."
] | [
5
] |
Accolades | How many Golden Globes did the movie The Lion King win? | The Lion King | false | 6MOVIES
| [
1,
2
] | [
"",
"\"The Lion King\" received four Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations.",
"The film would go on to win two Golden Globes; for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Original Score, as well as two Academy Awards, for Best Original Score (Hans Zimmer) and Best Original Song with \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\" by Elton John and Tim Rice.",
"The songs \"Circle of Life\" and \"Hakuna Matata\" were also nominated.",
"\"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\" also won the BMI Film Music Award, and the Grammy Award for Best Male Vocal Performance.",
"The film also won Annie Awards for Best Animated Feature, Best Achievement in Voice Acting (for Jeremy Irons) and Best Individual Achievement for Story Contribution in the Field of Animation.",
"At the Saturn Awards, the film was nominated in two categories, Best Fantasy Film and Best Performance by a Younger Actor although it did not win in either category.",
"The film also received two nominations at the British Academy Film Awards, for Best Sound as well as the Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music although it lost in both categories to \"Speed\" and \"Backbeat\" respectively.",
"The film received two BMI Film & TV Awards for Film Music and Most Performed Song with \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight.\"",
"At the 1995 MTV Movie Awards the film received nominations for Best Villain and Best Song, though it lost in both categories.",
"\"The Lion King\" won the Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie at the 1995 Kids' Choice Awards.",
"In 2008, \"The Lion King\" was ranked as the 319th greatest film ever made by \"Empire\" magazine, and in June 2011, \"TIME\" named it one of \"The 25 All-TIME Best Animated Films\".",
"In June 2008, the American Film Institute listed \"The Lion King\" as the 4th best film in the animation genre in its AFI's 10 Top 10 list.",
"AFI had also put \"Hakuna Matata\" as 99th on its AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs ranking."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | Electromagnetism is one of how many interactions in nature? | Electromagnetism | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Electromagnetism, or the electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental interactions in nature, the other three being the strong interaction, the weak interaction, and gravitation.",
"This force is described by electromagnetic fields, and has innumerable physical instances including the interaction of electrically charged particles and the interaction of uncharged magnetic force fields with electrical conductors.",
"The word \"electromagnetism\" is a compound form of two Greek terms, ἢλεκτρον, \"ēlektron\", \"amber\", and μαγνήτης, \"magnetic\", from \"magnítis líthos\" (μαγνήτης λίθος), which means \"magnesian stone\", a type of iron ore.",
"The science of electromagnetic phenomena is defined in terms of the electromagnetic force, sometimes called the Lorentz force, which includes both electricity and magnetism as elements of one phenomenon.",
"During the quark epoch, the electroweak force split into the electromagnetic and weak force.",
"The electromagnetic force plays a major role in determining the internal properties of most objects encountered in daily life.",
"Ordinary matter takes its form as a result of intermolecular forces between individual molecules in matter.",
"Electrons are bound by electromagnetic wave mechanics into orbitals around atomic nuclei to form atoms, which are the building blocks of molecules.",
"This governs the processes involved in chemistry, which arise from interactions between the electrons of neighboring atoms, which are in turn determined by the interaction between electromagnetic force and the momentum of the electrons.",
"There are numerous mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field.",
"In classical electrodynamics, electric fields are described as electric potential and electric current in Ohm's law, magnetic fields are associated with electromagnetic induction and magnetism, and Maxwell's equations describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered by each other and by charges and currents.",
"The theoretical implications of electromagnetism, in particular the establishment of the speed of light based on properties of the \"medium\" of propagation (permeability and permittivity), led to the development of special relativity by Albert Einstein in 1905."
] | [
5
] |
Horticultural | What does the term clone mean? | Cloning | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"The term \"clone\" is used in horticulture to refer to descendants of a single plant which were produced by vegetative reproduction or apomixis.",
"Many horticultural plant cultivars are clones, having been derived from a single individual, multiplied by some process other than sexual reproduction.",
"As an example, some European cultivars of grapes represent clones that have been propagated for over two millennia.",
"Other examples are potato and banana.",
"Grafting can be regarded as cloning, since all the shoots and branches coming from the graft are genetically a clone of a single individual, but this particular kind of cloning has not come under ethical scrutiny and is generally treated as an entirely different kind of operation.",
"Many trees, shrubs, vines, ferns and other herbaceous perennials form clonal colonies naturally.",
"Parts of an individual plant may become detached by fragmentation and grow on to become separate clonal individuals.",
"A common example is in the vegetative reproduction of moss and liverwort gametophyte clones by means of gemmae.",
"Some vascular plants e.g.",
"dandelion and certain viviparous grasses also form seeds asexually, termed apomixis, resulting in clonal populations of genetically identical individuals."
] | [
0
] |
Additional main cast | In Gilmore Girls which character does Sean Gunn play? | Gilmore Girls | true | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"The following characters have been promoted to main character status since season 2.",
"All additional main cast are only credited in episodes in which they appear.",
"\"*\" In the second episode of Season One ('The Lorelais' First Day at Chilton'), Sean Gunn played a character named \"Mick\", who worked for a telephone company as a DSL installer.",
"Gunn did not return as Mick, but was given a part as Kirk.",
"Also in the beginning of season one \"Mick\" or \"Kirk\" was new to Stars Hollow, not knowing who Miss Patty was, but later is known to have grown up in Stars Hollow, like when he talks about having books knocked out of his hands at as a seventh grader by Luke.",
"<br>"
] | [] |
Religion | How many people are in the Jewish Community of Antwerp? | Belgium | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
10
] | [
"Since the country's independence, Roman Catholicism, counterbalanced by strong freethought movements, has had an important role in Belgium's politics.",
"However Belgium is largely a secular country as the \"laicist\" constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respects this right in practice.",
"During the reigns of Albert I and Baudouin, the monarchy had a reputation of deeply rooted Catholicism.",
"Roman Catholicism has traditionally been Belgium's majority religion; being especially strong in Flanders.",
"However, by 2009 Sunday church attendance was 5% for Belgium in total; 3% in Brussels, and 5.4% in Flanders.",
"Church attendance in 2009 in Belgium was roughly half of the Sunday church attendance in 1998 (11% for the total of Belgium in 1998).",
"Despite the drop in church attendance, Catholic identity nevertheless remains an important part of Belgium's culture.",
"Symbolically and materially, the Roman Catholic Church remains in a favourable position.",
"Belgium has three officially recognized religions: Christianity (Catholic, Protestantism, Orthodoxy and Anglicanism), Islam and Judaism.",
"In the early 2000s there were approximately 42,000 Jews in Belgium.",
"The Jewish Community of Antwerp (numbering some 18,000) is one of the largest in Europe, and one of the last places in the world where Yiddish is the primary language of a large Jewish community (mirroring certain Orthodox and Hassidic communities in New York and Israel).",
"In addition most Jewish children in Antwerp receive a Jewish education.",
"There are several Jewish newspapers and more than 45 active synagogues (30 of which are in Antwerp) in the country.",
"A 2006 inquiry in Flanders, considered to be a more religious region than Wallonia, showed that 55% considered themselves religious and that 36% believed that God created the universe.",
"On the other hand, Wallonia has become one of Europe's most secular/least religious regions.",
"Most of the French-speaking region's population does not consider religion an important part of their lives, and as much as 45% of the population identifies as irreligious.",
"This is particularly the case in eastern Wallonia and areas along the French border.",
"A 2008 estimate found that 6% of the Belgian population, about 628,751, is Muslim (98% Sunni), while a 2011 estimate claims 1,000,000 inhabitants of Muslim background in the country.",
"Muslims constitute 30–35% of the population of Brussels, 4.0% of Wallonia and 3.9% of Flanders.",
"The majority of Belgian Muslims live in the major cities, such as Antwerp, Brussels and Charleroi.",
"The largest group of immigrants in Belgium are Moroccans, with 400,000 people.",
"The Turks are the third largest group, and the second largest Muslim ethnic group, numbering 220,000.",
"According to the Eurobarometer Poll in 2010, 37% of Belgian citizens responded that \"they believe there is a God\", whereas 31% answered that \"they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force\" and 27% that \"they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force\"."
] | [
5
] |
Astrometry and celestial mechanics | What plots the movement of the systems through the Milky Way? | Astronomy | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
6
] | [
"One of the oldest fields in astronomy, and in all of science, is the measurement of the positions of celestial objects.",
"Historically, accurate knowledge of the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets and stars has been essential in celestial navigation (the use of celestial objects to guide navigation) and in the making of calendars.",
"Careful measurement of the positions of the planets has led to a solid understanding of gravitational perturbations, and an ability to determine past and future positions of the planets with great accuracy, a field known as celestial mechanics.",
"More recently the tracking of near-Earth objects will allow for predictions of close encounters, and potential collisions, with the Earth.",
"The measurement of stellar parallax of nearby stars provides a fundamental baseline in the cosmic distance ladder that is used to measure the scale of the universe.",
"Parallax measurements of nearby stars provide an absolute baseline for the properties of more distant stars, as their properties can be compared.",
"Measurements of radial velocity and proper motion plot the movement of these systems through the Milky Way galaxy.",
"Astrometric results are the basis used to calculate the distribution of dark matter in the galaxy.",
"During the 1990s, the measurement of the stellar wobble of nearby stars was used to detect large extrasolar planets orbiting nearby stars."
] | [
0
] |
Rise of modern light microscopy | When was micro-organisms discovered? | Microscope | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
5
] | [
"The first detailed account of the interior construction of living tissue based on the use of a microscope did not appear until 1644, in Giambattista Odierna's \"L'occhio della mosca\", or \"The Fly's Eye\".",
"It was not until the 1660s and 1670s that the microscope was used extensively for research in Italy, The Netherlands and England.",
"Marcelo Malpighi in Italy began the analysis of biological structures beginning with the lungs.",
"Robert Hooke's \"Micrographia\" had a huge impact, largely because of its impressive illustrations.",
"The greatest contribution came from Antonie van Leeuwenhoek who discovered red blood cells and spermatozoa and helped popularise microscopy as a technique.",
"On 9 October 1676, Van Leeuwenhoek reported the discovery of micro-organisms.",
"In 1893 August Köhler developed a key technique for sample illumination, Köhler illumination, which is central to modern light microscopy.",
"This method of sample illumination gives rise to extremely even lighting and overcomes many limitations of older techniques of sample illumination.",
"Further developments in sample illumination came from Frits Zernike in 1953 for inventing Phase Contrast, and Georges Nomarski 1955 for his development of differential interference contrast illumination; both of which allow imaging of unstained, transparent samples."
] | [
2
] |
Cardio dance DVDs | When was the second workout DVD released? | Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) | false | 1TV
| [
13
] | [
"Cardio dance DVDs.",
"A DVD titled \"Dancing With The Stars: Cardio Dance\" was released on April 3, 2007 featuring Kym Johnson, Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Ashly DelGrosso.",
"The program contains cardiovascular workouts adapted from Cha-cha, paso doble, samba, and jive dance routines.",
"A second DVD \"Dancing with the Stars: Latin Cardio Dance\" was released on September 13, 2008 featuring Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Cheryl Burke.",
"The program contains cardiovascular workouts adapted from Cha-cha, Merengue, Samba and Mambo dance routines.",
"A third and fourth DVD was released featuring Kym Johnson, Dmitry Chaplin, and Lacey Schwimmer.",
"One DVD is called \"Dance off the Pounds\" and features three dances: the jive, the quickstep, and swing.",
"The other is \"Dance Body Tone\" and features a Latin dance mix, the tango, and freestyle dance mix.",
"Julianne Hough, two time \"DWTS\" winner, has also released her own workout DVD called \"Dance with Julianne: Cardio Ballroom\".",
"It includes the Paso Doble, the Cha-Cha, and the Jive.",
"It was released on December 15, 2009.",
"Julianne Hough, released her second workout DVD called \"Dance With Julianne: Just Dance\".",
"It includes Jazz, Hip Hop, Box Step, Three Step and Dance Classics.",
"It was released on November 9, 2010."
] | [
2
] |
Epigenetics | What is Epigentics the study of? | Botany | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Epigenetics is the study of mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in the underlying DNA sequence but cause the organism's genes to behave (or \"express themselves\") differently.",
"One example of epigenetic change is the marking of the genes by DNA methylation which determines whether they will be expressed or not.",
"Gene expression can also be controlled by repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA and prevent that region of the DNA code from being expressed.",
"Epigenetic marks may be added or removed from the DNA during programmed stages of development of the plant, and are responsible, for example, for the differences between anthers, petals and normal leaves, despite the fact that they all have the same underlying genetic code.",
"Epigenetic changes may be temporary or may remain through successive cell divisions for the remainder of the cell's life.",
"Some epigenetic changes have been shown to be heritable, while others are reset in the germ cells.",
"Epigenetic changes in eukaryotic biology serve to regulate the process of cellular differentiation.",
"During morphogenesis, totipotent stem cells become the various pluripotent cell lines of the embryo, which in turn become fully differentiated cells.",
"A single fertilized egg cell, the zygote, gives rise to the many different plant cell types including parenchyma, xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tubes, guard cells of the epidermis, etc.",
"as it continues to divide.",
"The process results from the epigenetic activation of some genes and inhibition of others.",
"Unlike animals, many plant cells, particularly those of the parenchyma, do not terminally differentiate, remaining totipotent with the ability to give rise to a new individual plant.",
"Exceptions include highly lignified cells, the sclerenchyma and xylem which are dead at maturity, and the phloem sieve tubes which lack nuclei.",
"While plants use many of the same epigenetic mechanisms as animals, such as chromatin remodeling, an alternative hypothesis is that plants set their gene expression patterns using positional information from the environment and surrounding cells to determine their developmental fate."
] | [
0
] |
Religion | Why is Jerusalem important to Jews, Muslims, and Christians? | Israel | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
8
] | [
"Israel and the Palestinian territories comprise the major part of the Holy Land, a region of significant importances to all Abrahamic religions – Jews, Christians, Muslims and Baha'is.",
"The religious affiliation of Israeli Jews varies widely: a social survey for those over the age of 20 indicates that 55% say they are \"traditional\", while 20% consider themselves \"secular Jews\", 17% define themselves as \"Religious Zionists\"; 8% define themselves as \"Haredi Jews\".",
"While the ultra-Orthodox, or Haredim, represented only 5% of Israel's population in 1990, they are expected to represent more than one-fifth of Israel's Jewish population by 2028.",
"Making up 16% of the population, Muslims constitute Israel's largest religious minority.",
"About 2% of the population are Christian and 1.5% are Druze.",
"The Christian population primarily comprises Palestinian Christians, but also includes post-Soviet immigrants and the Foreign Laborers of multinational origins and followers of Messianic Judaism, considered by most Christians and Jews to be a form of Christianity.",
"Members of many other religious groups, including Buddhists and Hindus, maintain a presence in Israel, albeit in small numbers.",
"Out of more than one million immigrants from the former Soviet Union in Israel, about 300,000 are considered not Jewish by the Orthodox rabbinate.",
"The city of Jerusalem is of special importance to Jews, Muslims and Christians as it is the home of sites that are pivotal to their religious beliefs, such as the Israeli-controlled Old City that incorporates the Western Wall and the Temple Mount, the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.",
"Other locations of religious importance in Israel are Nazareth (holy in Christianity as the site of the Annunciation of Mary), Tiberias and Safed (two of the Four Holy Cities in Judaism), the White Mosque in Ramla (holy in Islam as the shrine of the prophet Saleh), and the Church of Saint George in Lod (holy in Christianity and Islam as the tomb of Saint George or Al Khidr).",
"A number of other religious landmarks are located in the West Bank, among them Joseph's tomb in Shechem, the birthplace of Jesus and Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem, and the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron.",
"The administrative center of the Bahá'í Faith and the Shrine of the Báb are located at the Bahá'í World Centre in Haifa and the leader of the faith is buried in Acre.",
"Apart from maintenance staff, there is no Bahá'í community in Israel, although it is a destination for pilgrimages.",
"Bahá'í staff in Israel do not teach their faith to Israelis following strict policy."
] | [
1
] |
Parodies | What was the name of "The Simpsons" episode that sung the parody Christmas song? | The Christmas Song | true | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"The title of \"The Simpsons\" episode \"Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire\" is a parody of the song.",
"Bob Rivers parodied the song with his 2000 album, and the title track from said album, \"Chipmunks Roasting On an Open Fire\".",
"Christy Darlington did a \"punk rock\" style arrangement of the song for his \"All the wrong moves\" album.",
"Stan Freberg's \"Green Chri$tma$\" includes several snippets of holiday songs.",
"One segment begins with a sincere-sounding \"Chestnuts roasting...\" and quickly segués into a mock 1950s radio or TV ad, for a brand of chestnuts, being described as if they were toothpaste or cigarettes.",
"Ariana Grande and Elizabeth Gillies parodied the song in 2011.",
"Taylor Schlicht parodied the song in 2012."
] | [
0
] |
Personnel | Who was the backing vocal and acoustic guitar? | Hey Jude | false | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"Paul McCartney – lead vocal, piano, bass",
"John Lennon – backing vocal, acoustic guitar",
"George Harrison – backing vocal, electric guitar",
"Ringo Starr – backing vocal, drums, tambourine",
"Uncredited – 10 violins, three violas, three cellos, two double basses, two flutes, two clarinets, one bass clarinet, one bassoon, one contrabassoon, four trumpets, two horns, four trombones, and one percussion instrument.",
"EMI archives do not record the names of the studio musicians, but it has been established that one of the cellists was Bobby Kok, and two of the flautists were Bill Jackman and Brian Warren.",
"Personnel per Ian MacDonald and Mark Lewisohn."
] | [
3
] |
Public transportation | What times does the shuttle run? | Universal Studios Hollywood | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
13
] | [
"Universal Studios Hollywood can easily be accessed by public transportation.",
"The Metro Red line subway train runs between Union Station in Downtown Los Angeles, Westlake, Koreatown, Los Angeles, East Hollywood, and Hollywood.",
"The subway line runs daily between the hours of 4:55 a.m. and 12:35 a.m.",
"The last Metro Red Line train to Downtown Los Angeles departs the Universal City station at 12:58 a.m. on Mondays-Thursdays and Sunday/Holidays.",
"On Fridays and Saturdays, the last Metro Red Line train to Downtown Los Angeles departs the station at 2:00 a.m.",
"Passengers can also arrive at the entrance of the theme park entrance by several Metro bus routes.",
"Metro Local lines: 150, 155, 224,240, and Metro Rapid line: 750 stop at Lankershim Blvd & Universal Center Drive (front entrance).",
"Metro local line: 165 and Metro Shuttle Line: 656 Owl stop farther away from the entrance at Ventura Blvd.",
"& Lankershim blvd.",
"Passengers will need to walk north on Lankershim blvd and turn right on Universal Center drive.",
"There is an additional stop further south at Cahuenga / Universal Studios Blvd served both by these lines.",
"This stop is leads directly towards citywalk and the entrance to the theme park.",
"At the front entrance (Universal Center Dr. & Lankershim Blvd), there is a free shuttle tram which directly takes the passengers directly towards the theme park entrance.",
"The shuttle time varies between days but it typically runs between: 7:00 a.m.-7:00 p.m. and later on Fridays and Saturdays."
] | [
0
] |
First use: commercial pier and entertainment | How many people were estimated to have visited the pier during the 1920s? | Navy Pier | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
8
] | [
"Even as Chicago Municipal Pier was being built, mass-produced automobiles and trucks were beginning to wreak havoc on the package freight and passenger steamboat industries of Lake Michigan.",
"The Pier proved to be much more successful as a public gathering place.",
"In the 1920s, the Pier expanded to have its own streetcar line, a theater, and an emergency room.",
"It gained wide recognition in 1922 by hosting the \"Pageant of Progress.\"",
"In 1927 the Pier was officially named Navy Pier in honor of the Naval personnel that served there during WWI.",
"In this period, the Pier was described as a summer playground, with recreational facilities that included picnicking areas, dining pavilions, a dance hall, auditorium, and children's playground.",
"A radio station.",
"WCFL, operated from the north tower of the auditorium.",
"During the 1920s, it is estimated that an average of 3.2 million visitors frequented the Pier annually.",
"This decade is sometimes called the Pier's \"Golden Age\".",
"The advent of the Great Depression in the early 1930s, as well as the increased use of trucks and automobiles, resulted in the decline of freight and passenger ship activity; however, cultural and recreational use of the Pier continued.",
"In 1933, the Century of Progress Exposition (World's Fair) on the lakefront also drew many conventions and visitors to the Pier.",
"During the 1930s, the Pier also housed various New Deal agencies."
] | [
5
] |
Season 3 | How does season 3 of How I Met Your Mother start? | How I Met Your Mother | true | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"Barney begins the season with the word, \"-dary!\"",
"Robin returns from a trip to Argentina with her new boyfriend, Gael (Enrique Iglesias), and Ted must adjust to life as just her friend, while watching Robin and Gael fawning over each other.",
"Marshall and Lily decide to move out on their own, falling in love with a place they cannot afford.",
"Robin learns of Lily's bad credit rating due to her compulsive shopping for designer brands, and forces Lily to tell Marshall.",
"Despite this, they are able to finally secure their dream apartment, only to discover it's in a bad location and more poorly constructed than they thought (the floor is tilted).",
"Barney is slapped for the third time on Thanksgiving, which Marshall dubs \"Slapsgiving.",
"\"Ted tells his children he met their mother through a story concerning her yellow umbrella.",
"He finds the umbrella at a club and takes it home after attending a St. Patrick's Day party where his future wife was, although they did not meet.",
"Ted attempts to woo Stella (Sarah Chalke), a dermatologist he sees to remove an embarrassing butterfly tattoo.",
"This culminates in a memorable \"two-minute date,\" which incorporates small talk, dinner, a movie, coffee, two cab rides, and a goodnight kiss, all within two minutes.",
"Robin sleeps with Barney after he comforts her following a break-up with a past Canadian love; Ted is infuriated, and decides to stop being friends with Barney.",
"Meanwhile, an unknown woman begins to sabotage Barney's attempts to hook up.",
"His saboteur is revealed to be Abby (Britney Spears), Stella's receptionist, with a vendetta against him for not calling her after they had sex.",
"In the season finale, Ted gets into a car accident and ends up in hospital, Subsequently Barney gets hit by a bus on the way to visit him and ends up receiving treatment in the same hospital.",
"Ted realizes Barney really cares about him and they renew their friendship.",
"It is revealed Barney has true feelings for Robin, while Ted proposes to Stella in an arcade."
] | [
5
] |
Project Apollo (1961–72) | What was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another body? | NASA | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
19
] | [
"Project Apollo (1961–72).",
"The U.S public's perception of the Soviet lead in putting the first man in space, motivated President John F. Kennedy to ask the Congress on May 25, 1961 to commit the federal government to a program to land a man on the Moon by the end of the 1960s, which effectively launched the Apollo program.",
"Apollo was one of the most expensive American scientific programs ever.",
"It is estimated to have cost $ in present-day US dollars.",
"(In comparison, the Manhattan Project cost roughly $, accounting for inflation.",
")It used the Saturn rockets as launch vehicles, which were far bigger than the rockets built for previous projects.",
"The spacecraft was also bigger; it had two main parts, the combined command and service module (CSM) and the lunar landing module (LM).",
"The LM was to be left on the Moon and only the command module (CM) containing the three astronauts would eventually return to Earth.",
"The second manned mission, Apollo 8, brought astronauts for the first time in a flight around the Moon in December 1968.",
"Shortly before, the Soviets had sent an unmanned spacecraft around the Moon.",
"On the next two missions docking maneuvers that were needed for the Moon landing were practiced and then finally the Moon landing was made on the Apollo 11 mission in July 1969.",
"The first person to stand on the Moon was Neil Armstrong, who was followed by Buzz Aldrin, while Michael Collins orbited above.",
"Five subsequent Apollo missions also landed astronauts on the Moon, the last in December 1972.",
"Throughout these six Apollo spaceflights, twelve men walked on the Moon.",
"These missions returned a wealth of scientific data and of lunar samples.",
"Topics covered by experiments performed included soil mechanics, meteoroids, seismology, heat flow, lunar ranging, magnetic fields, and solar wind.",
"The Moon landing marked the end of the space race and as a gesture, Armstrong mentioned mankind when he stepped down on the Moon.",
"Apollo set major milestones in human spaceflight.",
"It stands alone in sending manned missions beyond low Earth orbit, and landing humans on another celestial body.",
"Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body, while Apollo 17 marked the last moonwalk and the last manned mission beyond low Earth orbit.",
"The program spurred advances in many areas of technology peripheral to rocketry and manned spaceflight, including avionics, telecommunications, and computers.",
"Apollo sparked interest in many fields of engineering and left many physical facilities and machines developed for the program as landmarks.",
"Many objects and artifacts from the program are on display at various locations throughout the world, notably at the Smithsonian's Air and Space Museums."
] | [
0
] |
Causes | Why do scholars study the causes of the Great Depression? | Great Depression | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
7
] | [
"There were multiple causes for the first downturn in 1929.",
"These include the structural weaknesses and specific events that turned it into a major depression and the manner in which the downturn spread from country to country.",
"In relation to the 1929 downturn, historians emphasize structural factors like major bank failures and the stock market crash.",
"In contrast, monetarist economists (such as Barry Eichengreen, Milton Friedman and Peter Temin) point to monetary factors such as actions by the US Federal Reserve that contracted the money supply, as well as Britain's decision to return to the gold standard at pre–World War I parities (US$4.86:£1).",
"Recessions and business cycles are thought to be a normal part of living in a world of inexact balances between supply and demand.",
"What turns a normal recession or 'ordinary' business cycle into a depression is a subject of much debate and concern.",
"Scholars have not agreed on the exact causes and their relative importance.",
"The search for causes is closely connected to the issue of avoiding future depressions.",
"A related question is whether the Great Depression was primarily a failure on the part of free markets or a failure of government efforts to regulate interest rates, curtail widespread bank failures, and control the money supply.",
"Current theories may be broadly classified into two main points of view and several heterodox points of view.",
"There are demand-driven theories, most importantly Keynesian economics, but also including those who point to the breakdown of international trade, and Institutional economists who point to underconsumption and over-investment (causing an economic bubble), malfeasance by bankers and industrialists, or incompetence by government officials.",
"The consensus among demand-driven theories is that a large-scale loss of confidence led to a sudden reduction in consumption and investment spending.",
"Once panic and deflation set in, many people believed they could avoid further losses by keeping clear of the markets.",
"Holding money became profitable as prices dropped lower and a given amount of money bought ever more goods, exacerbating the drop in demand.",
"There are the monetarists, who believe that the Great Depression started as an ordinary recession, but that significant policy mistakes by monetary authorities (especially the Federal Reserve), caused a shrinking of the money supply which greatly exacerbated the economic situation, causing a recession to descend into the Great Depression.",
"Related to this explanation are those who point to debt deflation causing those who borrow to owe ever more in real terms.",
"There are also various heterodox theories that downplay or reject the explanations of the Keynesians and monetarists.",
"For example, some new classical macroeconomists have argued that various labor market policies imposed at the start caused the length and severity of the Great Depression.",
"The Austrian school of economics focuses on the macroeconomic effects of money supply, and how central banking decisions can lead to over-investment (economic bubble)."
] | [
1
] |
General release | What grade did the film receive? | Looper (film) | true | 6MOVIES
| [
20
] | [
"Kim Newman of \"Empire\" magazine gave \"Looper\" 5 stars out of 5, writing, \"Intelligent science-fiction sometimes seems an endangered species—too much physics and there's a risk of creating something cold and remote, too many explosions and get lost in the multiplex.",
"\"Looper\" isn't perfect, but it pulls off the full \"Wizard Of Oz\": it has a brain, courage and a heart.\"",
"Noel Murray of \"The A.V.",
"Club\" gave the film an A− grade, writing, \"\"Looper\" is a remarkable feat of imagination and execution, entertaining from start to finish, even as it asks the audience to contemplate how and why humanity keeps making the same rotten mistakes.\"",
"Kenneth Turan of the \"Los Angeles Times\" gave the film a positive review, writing, \"\"Looper\" is way inventive but it wears its creativity lightly, like it's no big deal.",
"This is a highflying, super-stylish science-fiction thriller that brings a fresh approach to mind-bending genre material.",
"We're not always sure where this time-travel film is going, but we wouldn't dream of abandoning the ride.",
"\"Claudia Puig of \"USA Today\" gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4, writing, \"\"Looper\"s heady blend of time travel, gritty action and a jot of romance is such a thrilling and cerebral mind-bender that it will likely have moviegoers gathering outside the theater afterward to hash out details of its intricately constructed universe.",
"Not that that's a bad thing.\"",
"Peter Travers of \"Rolling Stone\" also gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4, praising the performances of Willis and Gordon-Levitt and concluding, \"Lacing tremendously exciting action with touching gravity, \"Looper\" hits you like a shot in the heart.\"",
"Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" also gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4, praising its screenplay and writing, \"\"Looper\", a smart and tricky sci-fi story, sidesteps the paradoxes of time travel by embracing them.",
"Most time travel movies run into trouble in the final scenes, when impossibilities pile up one upon another.",
"This film leads to a startling conclusion that wipes out the story's paradoxes so neatly it's as if it never happened.",
"\"Lisa Schwarzbaum of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the film a B+ grade, writing, \"The time swivels in \"Looper\" evoke some of \"Inception\"s fancy temporal tricks (some of which, of course, also involved Gordon-Levitt straddling multiple time zones at once).",
"But it's the glimpses of \"Children of Men\"-like societal dystopia that give the movie its real weight\".",
"Keith Staskiewicz, also writing for \"Entertainment Weekly\" (reviewing the DVD) and also giving a \"B+\", said, \"The film's premise is markedly inventive, and Rian Johnson spends a lot of time making his universe seem lived-in and believable, but he's not just concerned with whiz-bang what-ifs.",
"The showdown of selves illuminates just how little Gordon-Levitt's character has changed over the intervening years, stuck as he is in a feedback loop of drug use and violence despite his pipe dream of moving to Europe.",
"The retro trench coats and firearms also suggest a sort of eternal recurrence, and as \"Looper\"'s plot gets more complex, its central question simplifies: If we can't fix our mistakes, can we at least make sure we don't repeat the same ones over and over again?",
"\"Richard Corliss of \"Time\" magazine gave the film a positive review, calling \"Looper\" a \"hybrid, mashing Quentin Tarantino and Philip K. Dick into a species of pulp science fiction\" and also writing, \"A fanciful film with the patina of hyper-realism, \"Looper\" is well served by actors who behave not as if they were dropped carelessly into the future but spent their whole desperate lives there.\"",
"Dana Stevens of \"Slate\" gave the film a mixed review, writing, \"\"Looper\" felt to me like a maddening near-miss: It posits an impossible but fascinating-to-imagine relationship – a face-to-face encounter between one's present and future self, in which each self must account for its betrayal of the other – and then throws away nearly all the dramatic potential that relationship offers.",
"\"Audiences polled by the market research firm CinemaScore gave the film a B+ grade on average."
] | [
0
] |
Boundaries | What year was West Florida recognized as part of the US by congress? | Louisiana Purchase | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
12
] | [
"A dispute immediately arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana.",
"The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor the 1800 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.",
"The United States claimed Louisiana included the entire western portion of the Mississippi River drainage basin to the crest of the Rocky Mountains and land extending southeast to the Rio Grande and West Florida.",
"Spain insisted that Louisiana comprised no more than the western bank of the Mississippi River and the cities of New Orleans and St. Louis.",
"The dispute was ultimately resolved by the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, with the United States gaining most of what it had claimed in the west.",
"The relatively narrow Louisiana of New Spain had been a special province under the jurisdiction of the Captaincy General of Cuba while the vast region to the west was in 1803 still considered part of the Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas.",
"Louisiana had never been considered to be one of New Spain's internal provinces.",
"If the territory included all the tributaries of the Mississippi on its western bank, the northern reaches of the Purchase extended into the equally ill-defined British possession—Rupert's Land of British North America, now part of Canada.",
"The Purchase originally extended just beyond the 50th parallel.",
"However, the territory north of the 49th parallel (including the Milk River and Poplar River watersheds) was ceded to the UK in exchange for parts of the Red River Basin south of 49th parallel in the Anglo-American Convention of 1818.",
"The eastern boundary of the Louisiana purchase was the Mississippi River, from its source to the 31st parallel, although the source of the Mississippi was, at the time, unknown.",
"The eastern boundary below the 31st parallel was unclear; the U.S. claimed the land as far as the Perdido River, and Spain claimed the border of its Florida Colony remained the Mississippi river.",
"In early 1804, Congress passed the Mobile Act which recognized West Florida as being part of the United States.",
"The Adams–Onís Treaty with Spain (1819) resolved the issue upon ratification in 1821.",
"Today, the 31st parallel is the northern boundary of the western half of the Florida Panhandle, and the Perdido is the western boundary of Florida.",
"Because the western boundary was contested at the time of the Purchase, President Jefferson immediately began to organize three missions to explore and map the new territory.",
"All three started from the Mississippi River.",
"The Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804) traveled up the Missouri River; the Red River Expedition (1806) explored the Red River basin; the Pike Expedition (1806) also started up the Missouri, but turned south to explore the Arkansas River watershed.",
"The maps and journals of the explorers helped to define the boundaries during the negotiations leading to the Adams–Onís Treaty, which set the western boundary as follows: north up the Sabine River from the Gulf of Mexico to its intersection with the 32nd parallel, due north to the Red River, up the Red River to the 100th meridian, north to the Arkansas River, up the Arkansas River to its headwaters, due north to the 42nd parallel and due west to its previous boundary."
] | [
0
] |
Cloning extinct and endangered species | When did the Australian Museum say they were halting the DNA replication of a Thylacine project? | Cloning | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
12
] | [
" extinct and endangered species.",
"Cloning, or more precisely, the reconstruction of functional DNA from extinct species has, for decades, been a dream of some scientists.",
"Current cloning techniques have an average success rate of less than 5 percent, even when working with familiar species; cloning wild animals is usually less than 1 percent successful.",
"The possible implications of this were dramatized in the best-selling novel by Michael Crichton and high budget Hollywood thriller \"Jurassic Park\".",
"Early hopes to save species through cloning have been dashed as the difficulties of cloning any species have made progress very slow.",
"Several tissue banks have come into existence, including the \"Frozen Zoo\" at the San Diego Zoo, to store frozen tissue from the world's rarest and most endangered species.",
"In 2001, a cow named Bessie gave birth to a cloned Asian gaur, an endangered species, but the calf died after two days.",
"In 2003, a banteng was successfully cloned, followed by three African wildcats from a thawed frozen embryo.",
"These successes provided hope that similar techniques (using surrogate mothers of another species) might be used to clone extinct species.",
"Anticipating this possibility, tissue samples from the last \"bucardo\" (Pyrenean Ibex) were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after it died in 2000.",
"Researchers are also considering cloning endangered species such as the giant panda and cheetah.",
"In 2002, geneticists at the Australian Museum announced that they had replicated DNA of the Thylacine (Tasmanian Tiger), at the time extinct for about 65 years, using polymerase chain reaction.",
"However, on February 15, 2005 the museum announced that it was stopping the project after tests showed the specimens' DNA had been too badly degraded by the (ethanol) preservative.",
"On 15 May 2005 it was announced that the Thylacine project would be revived, with new participation from researchers in New South Wales and Victoria.",
"In January 2009, for the first time, an extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex mentioned above was cloned, at the Centre of Food Technology and Research of Aragon, using the preserved DNA of the skin samples from 2001 and domestic goat egg-cells.",
"The ibex died shortly after birth due to physical defects in its lungs.",
"One of the most anticipated targets for cloning was once the Woolly Mammoth, but attempts to extract DNA from frozen mammoths have been unsuccessful, though a joint Russo-Japanese team is currently working toward this goal.",
"In January 2011, it was reported by Yomiuri Shimbun that a team of scientists headed by Akira Iritani of Kyoto University had built upon research by Dr. Wakayama, saying that they will extract DNA from a mammoth carcass that had been preserved in a Russian laboratory and insert it into the egg cells of an African elephant in hopes of producing a mammoth embryo.",
"The researchers said they hoped to produce a baby mammoth within six years.",
"Scientists at the University of Newcastle and University of New South Wales announced in March 2013 that the very recently extinct gastric-brooding frog would be the subject of a cloning attempt to resurrect the species."
] | [
2
] |
Casting | What reason did ABC give for the change in actor?q | Private Practice (TV series) | true | 1TV
| [
1
] | [
"On , it was announced by ABC that Merrin Dungey, who played the role of Naomi Bennett, would be replaced by four time Tony winner Audra McDonald.",
"ABC gave no reason for this change.",
"On , it was announced that a new character, played by KaDee Strickland, had been added to the main cast.",
"Tony Award Winner Idina Menzel appeared in two episodes during the second season.",
"Menzel was married to \"Private Practice\" star Taye Diggs.",
"David Sutcliffe, Jayne Brook, and Josh Hopkins also appeared in \"Private Practice\"."
] | [
0
] |
History | Who occupied Austria during pre-Roman times? | Austria | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"Settled in ancient times, the Central European land that is now Austria was occupied in pre-Roman times by various Celtic tribes.",
"The Celtic kingdom of Noricum was later claimed by the Roman Empire and made a province.",
"Present day Petronell-Carnuntum in Eastern Austria was an important army camp turned capital city in what became known as the Upper Pannonia province.",
"Carnuntum was home for 50,000 people for nearly 400 years.",
"After the fall of the Roman Empire the area was invaded by Bavarians, Slavs and Avars.",
"Charlemagne conquered the area in AD 788, encouraged colonisation and introduced Christianity.",
"As part of Eastern Francia, the core areas that now encompass Austria were bequeathed to the house of Babenberg.",
"The area was known as the \"marchia Orientalis\" and was given to Leopold of Babenberg in 976.",
"The first record showing the name Austria is from 996, where it is written as \"Ostarrîchi\", referring to the territory of the Babenberg March.",
"In 1156 the Privilegium Minus elevated Austria to the status of a duchy.",
"In 1192, the Babenbergs also acquired the Duchy of Styria.",
"With the death of Frederick II in 1246, the line of the Babenbergs was extinguished.",
"As a result Ottokar II of Bohemia effectively assumed control of the duchies of Austria, Styria and Carinthia.",
"His reign came to an end with his defeat at Dürnkrut at the hands of Rudolph I of Germany in 1278.",
"Thereafter, until World War I, Austria's history was largely that of its ruling dynasty, the Habsburgs."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | Who is the famous sculpture "The Thinker" done by? | The Thinker | false | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"The Thinker (\"\") is a bronze sculpture by Auguste Rodin, usually placed on a stone pedestal.",
"The work shows a nude male figure of over life-size sitting on a rock with his chin resting on one hand as though deep in thought, and is often used as an image to represent philosophy.",
"There are about 28 full size castings, in which the figure is about high, though not all were made during Rodin's lifetime and under his supervision, as well as various other versions, several in plaster, studies, and posthumous castings, in a range of sizes.",
"Rodin first conceived the figure as part of another work in 1880, but the first of the familiar monumental bronze castings did not appear until 1904."
] | [
3
] |
Critical response | What did Elizabeth Weitzman say about the album? | Sound City (film) | false | 6MOVIES
| [
13
] | [
"Critical response.",
"\"Sound City\" received overwhelmingly positive reviews.",
"Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 100% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 41 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.7/10.",
"The site's consensus states: \"Smart, affectionate, and unabashedly sincere, \"Sound City\" pairs a great soundtrack with a well-argued ode to one of rock 'n' roll's most fondly remembered bygone eras.\"",
"It was one of the highest rated limited release and documentary movies of the year on the website.",
"On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 76 based on reviews from 15 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\".",
"Kenneth Turan from \"Los Angeles Times\" gave the film a positive review, saying \"High-spirited, emotional and funny, \"Sound City\" is, of all things, a mash note to a machine.",
"Not just any machine, however, but one that helped change the face of rock 'n' roll.\"",
"In a review for \"The Daily Telegraph\", Sebastian Doggart awarded the documentary five out of five stars and proclaimed it as \"an exhilarating exploration of the creative process.\"",
"Peter Travers of \"Rolling Stone\" admits \"In his directing debut, Dave Grohl shows the instincts of a real filmmaker.",
"\"Sound City\" hits you like a shot in the heart.\"",
"Bill Goodykoontz of \"The Arizona Republic\" remarks \"\"Sound City\" is a music geek's dream, a rollicking look at a dumpy California studio where a lot of musicians found magic.",
"It's also a bit of a mess, like all good rock and roll ought to be.",
"\", while Elizabeth Weitzman of \"New York Daily News\" praised that \"Grohl's aim is to explore the aura of a place, but what he winds up proving is that people make the magic.",
"\"Nevertheless in his review for About.com, Tim Grierson wrote that it \"is just a fun collection of unlikely musical pairings that zips by in little less than an hour\", and Phil Gallo from \"Billboard\" stated \"Grohl's inexperience as a filmmaker only shows when the film makes a sharp turn out of history and into the more recent past: There's a sense that instead of celebrating great rock 'n' roll moments, a product is about to be pitched at the viewer.",
"\"The film received a Satellite Award for Best Documentary Film nomination in the 18th edition and the Cinema Eye Honor 2014 Audience Choice Prize."
] | [
0
] |
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