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Promotion | The movie had what publicist? | Fruitvale Station | true | 6MOVIES
| [
7
] | [
"The Weinstein Company commissioned three murals to be painted in Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco by well-known street artists Ron English, Lydia Emily and LNY, in anticipation of the film.",
"Some people questioned having a poster for the film in Fruitvale Station, but a BART spokeswoman said about this decision: \"there was no debate whether to allow \"Fruitvale Station\" on BART.",
"None whatsoever.",
"We really support Ryan.",
"He's just an amazing person...",
"I think that Ryan had said it was his intention to show his love for Oakland and the people of Oakland, and he really succeeded.",
"\"Promotional material used on the film's Facebook page and website referred to the controversial shooting of Trayvon Martin in Florida, which was in the news at the same time as the film's release.",
"This drew some criticism, with publicist Angie Meyer stating, \"It's absolutely inappropriate and morally wrong to use a high profile case to create publicity and buzz around a movie release.",
"\"As part of its film promotion, the Weinstein Co. set up the \"I am __\" campaign to encourage people to share stories of overcoming acts of social injustice or mistreatment, and to upload photos or other artworks related to those experiences."
] | [
0
] |
Objections over the unattributed use of recordings of 9/11 victims | Was attribution used with the recordings in "Zero Dark Thirty"? | Zero Dark Thirty | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"According to the relatives of Betty Ong, a flight attendant on a hijacked American Airlines plane, a clip from her call to headquarters was used in the beginning of the film without attribution.",
"They demanded that, if the film won any awards, the filmmakers apologize at the Academy Awards ceremony for using the clip without getting her heirs' consent.",
"Her family also asked that the film's U.S. distributors make a charitable donation in Ong's name, and should go on record that the Ong family does not endorse the use of torture.",
"The end of the film already includes a statement paying tribute to the victims and the families of the 9/11 attacks, and the film producers have already contributed to the memorial and museum being built at Ground Zero.",
"Mary and Frank Fetchet, parents of Brad Fetchet, who worked on the 89th floor of the World Trade Center's south tower, criticized the filmmakers for using a recording of their son's voicemail without permission.",
"The recording has previously been heard in broadcast TV news reports and in testimony for the 9/11 Commission."
] | [] |
Treaty signing | Who signed the Louisiana Purchase | Louisiana Purchase | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0,
2
] | [
"On Saturday, April 30, 1803, the Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris.",
"Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4.",
"After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, \"We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank.",
"\"The United States Senate ratified the treaty with a vote of twenty-four to seven on October 20.",
"The Senators who voted against the treaty were: Simeon Olcott and William Plumer of New Hampshire, William Wells and Samuel White of Delaware, James Hillhouse and Uriah Tracy of Connecticut, and Timothy Pickering of Massachusetts.",
"On the following day, the Senate authorized President Jefferson to take possession of the territory and establish a temporary military government.",
"In legislation enacted on October 31, Congress made temporary provisions for local civil government to continue as it had under French and Spanish rule and authorized the President to use military forces to maintain order.",
"Plans were also set forth for several missions to explore and chart the territory, the most famous being the Lewis and Clark Expedition.",
"France turned New Orleans over on December 20, 1803 at The Cabildo.",
"On March 10, 1804, a formal ceremony was conducted in St. Louis to transfer ownership of the territory from France to the United States.",
"Effective on October 1, 1804, the purchased territory was organized into the Territory of Orleans (most of which became the state of Louisiana) and the District of Louisiana, which was temporarily under the control of the governor and judges of the Indiana Territory."
] | [
3
] |
Synopsis | In the music video for Maroon 5's "One More Night," why is the main character upset after he wins his fight? | One More Night (Maroon 5 song) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
5,
6
] | [
"The video for \"One More Night\" opens with two goldfish swimming around in a spheric bowl before segueing into a sequence where the seemingly idyllic home life Levine enjoys with video girlfriend Minka Kelly and their baby daughter is set against scenes of his hands being wrapped and of him training in a boxing ring.",
"At home, he eats a protein-heavy meal and revels in his baby girl's laughter as he holds her high in the air.",
"But all is not well, as frequent cuts to Kelly's concerned frown let on.",
"The writing is on the wall when he has to leave for a big fight and before he leaves, he pretends to soft box his baby daughter.",
"As he steps into the ring to cheers, she packs her bags.",
"He wins the fight, but when he returns home battered from the battle, he finds he's lost everything that really mattered.",
"Kelly and their child are gone and all that's left are the relics of his profession — trophies, a jump rope, a few pictures and a lone goldfish."
] | [
1
] |
Legality of invasion | What charges did Dick Cheney face? | 2003 invasion of Iraq | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
24
] | [
"The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 was passed by congress with Republicans voting 98% in favor in the Senate, and 97% in favor in the House.",
"Democrats supported the joint resolution 58% and 39% in the Senate and House respectively.",
"The resolution asserts the authorization by the Constitution of the United States and the Congress for the President to fight anti-United States terrorism.",
"Citing the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998, the resolution reiterated that it should be the policy of the United States to remove the Saddam Hussein regime and promote a democratic replacement.",
"The resolution \"supported\" and \"encouraged\" diplomatic efforts by President George W. Bush to \"strictly enforce through the U.N. Security Council all relevant Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq\" and \"obtain prompt and decisive action by the Security Council to ensure that Iraq abandons its strategy of delay, evasion, and noncompliance and promptly and strictly complies with all relevant Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq.\"",
"The resolution authorized President Bush to use the Armed Forces of the United States \"as he determines to be necessary and appropriate\" to \"defend the national security of the United States against the continuing threat posed by Iraq; and enforce all relevant United Nations Security Council Resolutions regarding Iraq.",
"\"The legality of the invasion of Iraq has been challenged since its inception on a number of fronts, and several prominent supporters of the invasion in all the invading nations have publicly and privately cast doubt on its legality.",
"It is argued that the invasion was fully legal because authorization was implied by the United Nations Security Council.",
"International legal experts, including the International Commission of Jurists, a group of 31 leading Canadian law professors, and the U.S.-based Lawyers Committee on Nuclear Policy, have denounced both of these rationales.",
"On Thursday 20 November 2003, an article published in the Guardian alleged that Richard Perle, a senior member of the administration's Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee, conceded that the invasion was illegal but still justified.",
"The United Nations Security Council has passed nearly 60 resolutions on Iraq and Kuwait since Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990.",
"The most relevant to this issue is Resolution 678, passed on 29 November 1990.",
"It authorizes \"member states co-operating with the Government of Kuwait... to use all necessary means\" to (1) implement Security Council Resolution 660 and other resolutions calling for the end of Iraq's occupation of Kuwait and withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwaiti territory and (2) \"restore international peace and security in the area.\"",
"Resolution 678 has not been rescinded or nullified by succeeding resolutions and Iraq was not alleged after 1991 to invade Kuwait or to threaten do so.",
"Resolution 1441 was most prominent during the run up to the war and formed the main backdrop for Secretary of State Colin Powell's address to the Security Council one month before the invasion.",
"According to an independent commission of inquiry set up by the government of the Netherlands, UN resolution 1441 \"cannot reasonably be interpreted (as the Dutch government did) as authorising individual member states to use military force to compel Iraq to comply with the Security Council's resolutions.\"",
"Accordingly, the Dutch commission concluded that the 2003 invasion violated international law.",
"At the same time, Bush Administration officials advanced a parallel legal argument using the earlier resolutions, which authorized force in response to Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait.",
"Under this reasoning, by failing to disarm and submit to weapons inspections, Iraq was in violation of U.N. Security Council Resolutions 660 and 678, and the U.S. could legally compel Iraq's compliance through military means.",
"Critics and proponents of the legal rationale based on the U.N. resolutions argue that the legal right to determine how to enforce its resolutions lies with the Security Council alone, not with individual nations.",
"In February 2006, Luis Moreno Ocampo, the lead prosecutor for the International Criminal Court, reported that he had received 240 separate communications regarding the legality of the war, many of which concerned British participation in the invasion.",
"In a letter addressed to the complainants, Mr. Moreno Ocampo explained that he could only consider issues related to conduct during the war and not to its underlying legality as a possible crime of aggression because no provision had yet been adopted which \"defines the crime and sets out the conditions under which the Court may exercise jurisdiction with respect to it.\"",
"In a March 2007 interview with the Sunday Telegraph, Moreno Ocampo encouraged Iraq to sign up with the court so that it could bring cases related to alleged war crimes.",
"United States Ohio Congressman Dennis Kucinich held a press conference on the evening of 24 April 2007, revealing US House Resolution 333 and the three articles of impeachment against Vice President Dick Cheney.",
"He charged Cheney with manipulating the evidence of Iraq's weapons program, deceiving the nation about Iraq's connection to al-Qaeda, and threatening aggression against Iran in violation of the United Nations Charter."
] | [
0
] |
Ireland | How many religious houses were in Ireland in 1530? | Dissolution of the Monasteries | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1
] | [
"The dissolutions in Ireland followed a very different course from those in England and Wales.",
"There were around 400 religious houses in Ireland in 1530—many more, relative to population and material wealth than in England and Wales.",
"In marked distinction to the situation in England, in Ireland the houses of friars had flourished in the 15th century, attracting popular support and financial endowments, undertaking many ambitious building schemes, and maintaining a regular conventual and spiritual life.",
"They constituted around half of the total number of religious houses.",
"Irish monasteries, by contrast, had experienced a catastrophic decline in numbers, such that by the 16th century only a minority maintained the daily observance of the Divine Office.",
"Henry's direct authority, as Lord of Ireland and from 1541 as King of Ireland, only extended to the area of the Pale immediately around Dublin.",
"Outside this area, he could only proceed by tactical agreement with clan chiefs and local lords.",
"Nevertheless, Henry was determined to carry through a policy of dissolution in Ireland—and in 1537 introduced legislation into the Irish Parliament to legalise the closure of monasteries.",
"The process faced considerable opposition, and only sixteen houses were suppressed.",
"Henry remained resolute however, and from 1541 as part of the Tudor conquest of Ireland he continued to press for the area of successful dissolution to be extended.",
"For the most part, this involved making deals with local lords, under which monastic property was granted away in exchange for allegiance to the new Irish Crown; and consequently Henry acquired little if any of the wealth of the Irish houses.",
"By the time of Henry's death (1547) around half of the Irish houses had been suppressed; but many continued to resist dissolution until well into the reign of Elizabeth I, and some houses in the West of Ireland remained active until the early 17th century.",
"In 1649, Oliver Cromwell led a Parliamentary army seeking to subjugate Ireland, and systematically sought out and destroyed former monastic houses.",
"Subsequently, however, sympathetic landowners housed monks or friars close to several ruined religious houses, allowing them a continued covert existence during the 17th and 18th centuries, subject to the dangers of discovery and legal ejection or imprisonment."
] | [
5
] |
Judo versus Jujutsu | What were the techniques rejected by Kano? | Judo | true | 4SPORT
| [
4
] | [
" versus Jujutsu.",
"Central to Kano's vision for judo were the principles of and .",
"He illustrated the application of \"seiryoku zen'yō\" with the concept of :Kano realised that \"seiryoku zen'yō\", initially conceived as a Jujutsu concept, had a wider philosophical application.",
"Coupled with the Confucianist-influenced \"jita kyōei\", the wider application shaped the development of judo from a to a .",
"Kano rejected techniques that did not conform to these principles and emphasised the importance of efficiency in the execution of techniques.",
"He was convinced that practice of Jujutsu while conforming to these ideals was a route to self-improvement and the betterment of society in general.",
"He was, however, acutely conscious of the Japanese public's negative perception of Jujutsu:Kano believed that \"\"Jūjutsu\"\" was insufficient to describe his art: although means \"art\" or \"means\", it implies a method consisting of a collection of physical techniques.",
"Accordingly, he changed the second character to , meaning way, road or path, which implies a more philosophical context than \"jutsu\" and has a common origin with the Chinese concept of \"tao\".",
"Thus Kano renamed it ."
] | [
0
] |
Recording and production | When was the band finished working on the album? | Some Nights | true | 0MUSIC
| [
14
] | [
"The most common creative process in the recording of \"Some Nights\" began with Ruess.",
"Ruess would come in with lyrics and a melody, leading Andrew Dost and guitarist Jack Antonoff to build chord structure and instrumentation from there, or \"support that melody.\"",
"Dost noted that in recording, despite the composer's well-defined framework, the individuals' egos \"pretty much disappear\" and \"everybody is happy to work towards the best possible song\" cohesively together.",
"The dynamic between Bhasker and the band in the studio was mutually inspired, as Bhasker had never worked with a rock band before and Fun had never worked with a hip-hop producer.",
"Bhasker particularly enjoyed recording guitars with guitarist Jack Antonoff as he wasn't used to it, and Dost felt hearing Bhasker compose beats was \"mind-blowing.",
"\"The emphasis for Ruess on \"Some Nights\" was to make the songs more cohesive, as he felt his writing was \"all over the place.\"",
"This meant creating songs that were concise instead of being \"long and drawn out.\"",
"Bhasker was a proponent of using a single instrument to provide the biggest sounds, desiring not to \"over-cram songs with ideas,\" declaring that everything that makes the song must be well-chosen.",
"Janelle Monáe collaborated with the trio on \"We Are Young\" through a friendship with Bhasker.",
"Bhasker was credited with bringing the band a bigger sound and an entirely new sonic translation to the band not present on their debut, \"Aim and Ignite\".",
"The album creates a mix of indie pop, theatric rock, and hip-hop—a sound that is credited to Bhasker.",
"\"Some Nights\" as a title floated around before any songs for the album were even created and was envisioned by Ruess.",
"It was inspired by how personalities can change on any given night.",
"Although the album isn't a concept album, the title changed the band's ideas for the album considerably, with Dost stating, \"It's really nice once you have a title to know what the parameters are of what you're working on as a whole.\"",
"The band completed production on the album in October 2011.",
"Ruess called the seven months spent recording the record the most rewarding of any in his ten years of professional music work, calling it his career highlight."
] | [
2
] |
Filming | Who is the most prolific director of the TV series "Modern Family"? | Modern Family | false | 1TV
| [
7
] | [
"Principal photography takes place in Los Angeles.",
"Many of the exteriors used are on the city's Westside.",
"The Dunphys' house is in the Cheviot Hills neighborhood.",
", Palisades Charter High School is used for the exteriors of Luke and Manny's school.",
"Lloyd and Levitan, whose credits both include \"Frasier\", \"Wings\", and \"Just Shoot Me\", are executive producers of the series, serving as showrunner and head writer under their Lloyd-Levitan Productions label in affiliation with Twentieth Century Fox Television.",
"The other producers on the writing team are Paul Corrigan, Sameer Gardezi, Joe Lawson, Dan O'Shannon, Brad Walsh, Caroline Williams, Bill Wrubel, Danny Zuker, and Jeff Morton.",
"The first team of directors included Jason Winer, Michael Spiller, Randall Einhorn, and Chris Koch.",
"Winer has directed nineteen episodes of the series, making him the most prolific director of the series."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | Who wrote The Kid with a Bike? | The Kid with a Bike | false | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"The Kid with a Bike () is a 2011 drama film written and directed by the Belgian brothers Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne, starring Thomas Doret and Cécile de France.",
"Set in Seraing, it tells the story of a 12-year-old boy who turns to a woman for comfort after his father has abandoned him.",
"The film was produced through companies in Belgium, France and Italy.",
"While it does not deviate from the naturalistic style of the Dardenne brothers' earlier works, a brighter aesthetic than usual was employed, and the screenplay had a structure inspired by fairy tales.",
"Unusually for a film by the directors, it also uses music.",
"It premiered at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and was co-winner of the festival's Grand Prix."
] | [
3
] |
Conception | When was the CBS TV show called "Family Album" cancelled? | Friends | true | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"David Crane and Marta Kauffman began developing three new television pilots that would premiere in 1994 after their sitcom \"Family Album\" was cancelled by CBS in 1993.",
"Kauffman and Crane decided to pitch the series about \"six people in their 20s making their way in Manhattan\" to NBC, since they thought it would fit best there.",
"Crane and Kauffman presented the idea to their production partner Kevin Bright, who had served as executive producer on their HBO series \"Dream On\".",
"The idea for the series was conceived when Crane and Kauffman began thinking about the time when they had finished college and started living by themselves in New York; Kauffman believed they were looking at a time when the future was \"more of a question mark.\"",
"They found the concept to be interesting, as they believed \"everybody knows that feeling,\" and because it was also how they felt about their own lives at the time.",
"The team titled the series \"Insomnia Cafe\", and pitched the idea as a seven-page treatment to NBC in December 1993.",
"At the same time, Warren Littlefield, the then-president of NBC Entertainment, was seeking a comedy involving young people living together and sharing expenses.",
"Littlefield wanted the group to share memorable periods of their lives with friends, who had become \"new, surrogate family members\".",
"However, Littlefield found difficulty in bringing the concept to life, and found the scripts developed by NBC to be terrible.",
"When Kauffman, Crane and Bright pitched \"Insomnia Cafe\", Littlefield was impressed that they knew who their characters were.",
"NBC bought the idea as a put pilot, meaning they risked financial penalties if the pilot was not filmed.",
"Kauffman and Crane began writing a pilot script for a show now titled \"Friends Like Us\", which took three days to write.",
"Littlefield wanted the series to represent Generation X and explore a new kind of tribal bonding, but the trio did not share his vision.",
"Crane argued that it was not a series for one generation, and wanted to produce a series that everyone would enjoy watching.",
"NBC liked the pilot script and ordered the series under another title, \"Six of One\", mainly due to the similar title it shared with the ABC sitcom \"These Friends of Mine\"."
] | [
2
] |
Abstract | What is the shape of lasagne? | Lasagne | true | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"Lasagne ( or or , , singular lasagna) are a wide, flat pasta shape, and possibly one of the oldest types of pasta.",
"The word also refers to a dish made with several layers of lasagne sheets alternated with sauces and various other ingredients.",
"Lasagne originated in Italy, traditionally ascribed to the city of Bologna (Emilia-Romagna), in where the first modern receipe was created and published and became a traditional dish.",
"Traditional lasagne is made by interleaving layers of pasta with layers of sauce, made with ragù, bechamel, and Parmigiano-Reggiano.",
"In other regions and outside of Italy it is common to find lasagne made with ricotta or mozzarella cheese, tomato sauce, various meats (e.g., ground beef, pork or chicken), miscellaneous vegetables (e.g., spinach, zucchini, mushrooms) and typically flavored with wine, garlic, onion, and oregano.",
"In all cases the lasagne are oven-baked.",
"Traditionally, pasta dough prepared in Southern Italy used semolina and water and in the northern regions, where semolina was not available, flour and eggs.",
"Today in Italy, since the only type of wheat allowed for commercially sold pasta is durum wheat, commercial lasagne are made of semolina (from durum wheat).",
"Emilio-Romano’s intensive farming economy in the northern region of Italy results in plentiful dairy and meat products, and their commonality in regional cooking – more so than the olive oil found in southern regions of Italy.",
"Pastas from Emilio-Romano and its capital, Bologna, are almost always served with a ragú, a thick sauce made from ingredients such as onions, carrots, finely chopped pork and beef, celery, butter, and tomatoes."
] | [
0
] |
Deaths | In January 1892, how did a Chicago hotel worker die? | Ice cream | true | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"In January 1892, a hotel worker in Chicago died after the huge amount of ice cream he ate \"froze up his stomach\".",
"In June 1898, three youths in London died after eating ice cream made with water contaminated with bacteria.",
"In May 1904, a seven-year-old boy in New York died from eating about half a litre of poisoned ice cream.",
"The seller of the treat was arrested following his death.",
"In June 1910, consumption of contaminated ice cream caused an adolescent in Detroit, Michigan, to die of food poisoning.",
"In November 1938, a 34-year-old father in New York committed suicide with his 10-year-old son by adding poison to both of their ice cream.",
"In July 1986, a 51-year-old Floridian man died after consuming a tainted ice cream bar by Kraft Foods.",
"Thereafter, production of the food item was halted and later on permanently stopped."
] | [
5
] |
Cast | Who plays Tim Hynes? | Wake in Fright | true | 6MOVIES
| [
7
] | [
" Gary Bond as John Grant",
" Donald Pleasence as Doc Tydon",
" Chips Rafferty as Jock Crawford",
" Sylvia Kay as Janette Hynes",
" John Meillon as Charlie",
" Jack Thompson as Dick",
" Peter Whittle as Joe",
" Al Thomas as Tim Hynes",
" Dawn Lake as Joyce",
" John Armstrong as Atkins",
" Slim de Grey as Jarvis",
" Maggie Dence as receptionist",
" Norman Erskine as Joe the cook"
] | [
3
] |
Music | What company made the Shrek series? | Shrek | false | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Shrek\" is the third DreamWorks animated film (and the only film in the Shrek series) to have Harry Gregson-Williams team up with John Powell to composes the score (after \"Antz\" (1998) and \"Chicken Run\" (2000)).",
"\"Shrek\" introduced a new element to give the film a unique feel.",
"The film used pop music and other Oldies to make the story more forward.",
"Covers of songs like \"On the Road Again\" and \"Try a Little Tenderness\" were integrated in the film's score.",
"As the film was about to be completed, Katzenberg suggested to the filmmakers to redo the film's ending in order to \"go out with a big laugh\"; Instead of ending film with just a storybook closing over Shrek and Fiona as they ride off into the sunset, they decided to add a song \"I'm a Believer\" covered by Smash Mouth and show all the fairytale creatures in the film.",
"Although Rufus Wainwright's version of the song \"Hallelujah\" appeared in the soundtrack album, it was John Cale's version that appeared in the film; in a radio interview, Rufus Wainwright suggested that his version of \"Hallelujah\" did not appear in the film due to the \"glass ceiling\" he was hitting because of his sexuality.",
"An alternate explanation posits that because Wainwright was an artist for DreamWorks and John Cale was not, thus licensing issues prohibited Cale's version from appearing in the soundtrack album, despite having the filmmakers wanting to have Cale's version appear in the film."
] | [
0
] |
Food security | By what year is the population of Southern Africa expected to double? | Global warming | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
2
] | [
"Under present trends, by 2030, maize production in Southern Africa could decrease by up to 30%, while rice, millet and maize in South Asia could decrease by up to 10%.",
"By 2080, yields in developing countries could decrease by 10% to 25% on average while India could see a drop of 30% to 40%.",
"By 2100, while the population of three billion is expected to double, rice and maize yields in the tropics are expected to decrease by 20–40% because of higher temperatures without accounting for the decrease in yields as a result of soil moisture and water supplies stressed by rising temperatures.",
"Future warming of around (by 2100, relative to 1990–2000) could result in increased crop yields in mid- and high-latitude areas, but in low-latitude areas, yields could decline, increasing the risk of malnutrition.",
"A similar regional pattern of net benefits and costs could occur for economic (market-sector) effects.",
"Warming above could result in crop yields falling in temperate regions, leading to a reduction in global food production."
] | [
0
] |
Broadcast | What was the earliest season premiere of Family Guy in Australia? | Family Guy | false | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"The seires premiered in Australia on April 9, 1999 on Seven Network, in 2000 on Fox8, and on 7mate on September 27, 2010.",
"In Canada the series started airing on January 31, 1999 on Global, on September 1, 2003 on Teletoon, and on July 4, 2012 on Adult Swim.",
"The series also airs in Ireland, and New Zealand.",
"The series has aired in the UK on BBC Three and Fox since September 21, 1999."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | How powerful is Egypt? | Egypt | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
11
] | [
"Egypt ( \"\"), is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.",
"Most of its territory of lies within the Nile Valley of North Africa and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.",
"With over 86 million inhabitants, Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East, and the 15th-most populated in the world.",
"The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about , where the only arable land is found.",
"The large regions of the Sahara Desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited.",
"About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.",
"Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern state, having been continuously inhabited since the 10th millennium BC.",
"Its monuments, such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, were constructed by its ancient civilization, which was one of the most powerful of its time and one of the first six civilizations to arise independently in the world.",
"Its ancient ruins, such as those of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings outside Luxor, are a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest from around the world.",
"Egypt's rich cultural legacy, as well as the attraction of its Red Sea Riviera, have made tourism a vital part of the economy, employing about 12 percent of the country's workforce.",
"The economy of Egypt is one of the most diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and services at almost equal production levels.",
"Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power, with significant cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world."
] | [
5
] |
Usage in media | Kelly Clarkson's song Stronger appeared in which games? | Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You) | true | 0MUSIC
| [
8
] | [
"Cultural impact.",
"Usage in media.",
"\"Stronger\" was also used in various forms of media.",
"It was used in a 2011 Toyota Camry advertisement which stars Clarkson singing the song with her co-stars Chris Berman, Andrew Zimmern, and James Lipton.",
"Amber Riley, Naya Rivera, and Heather Morris performed the song on the season three episode of \"Glee\" titled \"On My Way\", which aired on February 21, 2012.",
"Raymund Flandez of \"The Wall Street Journal\" described the trio's performance as \"fine, fierce and fabulous.\"",
"Their version of \"Stronger\" debuted on the Hot 100 at number 66 on the week ending March 3, 2012 as \"What Doesn't Kill You (Stronger)\".",
"The song was featured in \"Suburgatory\" and was used in advertisements promoting the second season of the USA Network series \"Fairly Legal\".",
"It was also featured in a playable piece in the Harmonix video game \"Rock Band Blitz\", \"Rock Band 3\" and \"Dance Central 3\".",
"On May 6, 2012, a video of some of the patients and hospital staff of Seattle Children's hematology oncology unit dancing to the song were uploaded in YouTube to represent their fight against cancer.",
"The video became a viral hit and has been featured by \"Time\" and CBS News.",
"On February 26, 2012, Chemmy Alcott and Sean Rice skated to the song on Dancing on Ice.",
"Maria Menounos and Derek Hough danced to the song in the fourteenth season of Dancing with the Stars.",
"The instrumental version has been used as background music to the promotion and the opening theme to the 2013 MDA Show of Strength telethon."
] | [] |
Communications and computers | How are automated spacecraft fitted? | International Space Station | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
12,
13
] | [
"Radio communications provide telemetry and scientific data links between the station and Mission Control Centres.",
"Radio links are also used during rendezvous and docking procedures and for audio and video communication between crewmembers, flight controllers and family members.",
"As a result, the ISS is equipped with internal and external communication systems used for different purposes.",
"The Russian Orbital Segment communicates directly with the ground via the \"Lira\" antenna mounted to \"Zvezda\".",
"The \"Lira\" antenna also has the capability to use the \"Luch\" data relay satellite system.",
"This system, used for communications with \"Mir\", fell into disrepair during the 1990s, and as a result is no longer in use, although two new \"Luch\" satellites—\"Luch\"-5A and \"Luch\"-5B—were launched in 2011 and 2012 respectively to restore the operational capability of the system.",
"Another Russian communications system is the Voskhod-M, which enables internal telephone communications between \"Zvezda\", \"Zarya\", \"Pirs\", \"Poisk\" and the USOS, and also provides a VHF radio link to ground control centres via antennas on \"Zvezda\" exterior.",
"The US Orbital Segment (USOS) makes use of two separate radio links mounted in the Z1 truss structure: the S band (used for audio) and Ku band (used for audio, video and data) systems.",
"These transmissions are routed via the United States Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) in geostationary orbit, which allows for almost continuous real-time communications with NASA's Mission Control Center (MCC-H) in Houston.",
"Data channels for the Canadarm2, European \"Columbus\" laboratory and Japanese \"Kibō\" modules are routed via the S band and Ku band systems, although the European Data Relay Satellite System and a similar Japanese system will eventually complement the TDRSS in this role.",
"Communications between modules are carried on an internal digital wireless network.UHF radio is used by astronauts and cosmonauts conducting EVAs.",
"UHF is employed by other spacecraft that dock to or undock from the station, such as Soyuz, Progress, HTV, ATV and the Space Shuttle (except the shuttle also makes use of the S band and Ku band systems via TDRSS), to receive commands from Mission Control and ISS crewmembers.",
"Automated spacecraft are fitted with their own communications equipment; the ATV uses a laser attached to the spacecraft and equipment attached to \"Zvezda\", known as the Proximity Communications Equipment, to accurately dock to the station.",
"The ISS is equipped with approximately 100 IBM and Lenovo ThinkPad model A31 and T61P laptop computers.",
"Each computer is a commercial off-the-shelf purchase which is then modified for safety and operation including updates to connectors, cooling and power to accommodate the station's 28V DC power system and weightless environment.",
"Heat generated by the laptops does not rise, but stagnates surrounding the laptop, so additional forced ventilation is required.",
"Laptops aboard the ISS are connected to the station's wireless LAN via Wi-Fi and are connected to the ground at 3 Mbit/s up and 10 Mbit/s down, comparable to home DSL connection speeds.",
"The operating system used for key station functions is the Debian version of Linux.",
"The migration from Microsoft Windows was made in May 2013 for reasons of reliability, stability and flexibility."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | When was Fight Club filmed? | Fight Club | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"Fight Club is a 1999 American film based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk.",
"The film was directed by David Fincher and stars Edward Norton, Brad Pitt, and Helena Bonham Carter.",
"Norton plays the unnamed protagonist, an \"everyman\" who is discontented with his white-collar job.",
"He forms a \"fight club\" with soap maker Tyler Durden, played by Pitt, and they are joined by men who also want to fight recreationally.",
"The narrator becomes embroiled in a relationship with Durden and a dissolute woman, Marla Singer, played by Bonham Carter.",
"Palahniuk's novel was optioned by 20th Century Fox producer Laura Ziskin, who hired Jim Uhls to write the film adaptation.",
"Fincher was one of four directors the producers considered.",
"They hired him because of his enthusiasm for the film.",
"Fincher developed the script with Uhls and sought screenwriting advice from the cast and others in the film industry.",
"The director and the cast compared the film to \"Rebel Without a Cause\" (1955) and \"The Graduate\" (1967).",
"Fincher intended \"Fight Club\"s violence to serve as a metaphor for the conflict between a generation of young people and the value system of advertising.",
"The director copied the homoerotic overtones from Palahniuk's novel to make audiences uncomfortable and keep them from anticipating the twist ending.",
"Studio executives did not like the film and they restructured Fincher's intended marketing campaign to try to reduce anticipated losses.",
"\"Fight Club\" failed to meet the studio's expectations at the box office and received polarized reactions from critics.",
"It was cited as one of the most controversial and talked-about films of 1999.",
"However, the film over the years found critical and commercial success with its DVD release, which established \"Fight Club\" as a cult film."
] | [
2
] |
Cable | Where on the Nielsen ratings did the show rank during the first month of 2009? | NCIS (TV series) | true | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
" The show ranked number eighteen (4.793 million viewers) in the list of Nielsen ratings top twenty most-watched cable shows for the week ending January 25, 2009.",
" The show ranked number ten (4.535 million viewers), twelve (4.264 million viewers), thirteen (4.221 million viewers), fifteen (4,161 million viewers), seventeen (4.132 million viewers), and twenty (4.081 million viewers) in the list of Nielsen ratings top twenty most-watched cable shows for the week ending March 1, 2009.",
" The show ranked sixteen (4.091 million viewers), seventeen (4.084 million viewers), eighteen (4.072 million viewers), and twenty (4.006 million viewers) in the list of Nielsen ratings top twenty most-watched cable shows for the week ending March 29, 2009.",
" The show ranked number five (4.492 million viewers), six (4.467 million viewers), eight (4.394 million viewers), nine (4.214 million viewers), fifteen (3.962 million viewers), and seventeen (3.8.58 million viewers) in the list of Nielsen ratings top twenty most-watched cable shows for the week ending May 3, 2009.",
" The show ranked number three (4.82 million viewers), six (4.38 million viewers), ten (3.82 million viewers), eleven (3.88 million viewers), and fourteen (3.87 million viewers) in the list of Nielsen ratings top fifteen most-watched cable shows for the week ending November 1, 2009.",
"2/25/13 to 3/03/13 [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-05/u-s-cable-television-ratings-for-the-week-ended-march-3.html]"
] | [
4
] |
Safety | What types of foods should one keep fruits and vegetables away from? | Fruit | true | 9FOOD
| [
6
] | [
"For food safety, the CDC recommends proper fruit handling and preparation to reduce the risk of food contamination and foodborne illness.",
"Fresh fruits and vegetables should be carefully selected.",
"At the store, they should not be damaged or bruised and pre-cut pieces should be refrigerated or surrounded by ice.",
"All fruits and vegetables should be rinsed before eating.",
"This recommendation also applies to produce with rinds or skins that are not eaten.",
"It should be done just before preparing or eating to avoid premature spoilage.",
"Fruits and vegetables should be kept separate from raw foods like meat, poultry, and seafood, as well as utensils that have come in contact with raw foods.",
"Fruits and vegetables, if they are not going to be cooked, should be thrown away if they have touched raw meat, poultry, seafood or eggs.",
"All cut, peeled, or cooked fruits and vegetables should be refrigerated within two hours.",
"After a certain time, harmful bacteria may grow on them and increase the risk of foodborne illness."
] | [
0
] |
Personnel | Who has choral arrangements on "Across the Universe", "I Me Mine" and "The Long and Winding Road"? | Let It Be | false | 0MUSIC
| [
7
] | [
"The Beatles",
"George Harrison – lead and rhythm guitars, acoustic guitar on \"For You Blue\" and \"I Me Mine\", tambura on \"Across the Universe\", tuned-down six-string electric guitar on \"Two of Us\" and \"Maggie Mae\", lead vocals on \"I Me Mine\" and \"For You Blue\", backing vocals.",
"John Lennon – lead and backing vocals, rhythm guitar, lead guitar on \"Get Back\", lap steel guitar on \"For You Blue\", acoustic guitar on \"Two of Us\", \"Across the Universe\" and \"Maggie Mae\", six-string bass guitar on \"Dig It\", \"Let It Be\" and \"The Long and Winding Road\", whistling on \"Two of Us\".",
"Paul McCartney – lead and backing vocals, bass guitar, acoustic guitar on \"Two of Us\" and \"Maggie Mae\", piano on \"Dig It\", \"Across the Universe\", \"Let It Be\", \"The Long and Winding Road\", and \"For You Blue\", Hammond organ and electric piano on \"I Me Mine\", maracas on \"Let It Be\".",
"Ringo Starr – drums, percussion on \"Across the Universe\".",
"Additional musicians",
"Richard Anthony Hewson – string and brass arrangements on \"I Me Mine\" and \"The Long and Winding Road\"",
"John Barham – choral arrangements on \"Across the Universe\", \"I Me Mine\" and \"The Long and Winding Road\"",
"George Martin – shaker on \"Dig It\", string and brass arrangements on \"Let It Be\", production",
"Linda McCartney – backing vocals on \"Let It Be\"",
"Billy Preston – electric piano on \"Dig a Pony\", \"I've Got a Feeling\", \"One After 909\", \"The Long and Winding Road\", and \"Get Back\", Hammond organ on \"Dig It\" and \"Let It Be\"",
"Brian Rogers – string and brass arrangements on \"Across the Universe\"",
"Production",
"Glyn Johns – audio engineering, mixing",
"Alan Parsons – assistant engineer",
"Phil Spector – \"re-producer\" (final overdubs), final mixing"
] | [
3
] |
Noodles | What was "kansui" named after? | Ramen | false | 9FOOD
| [
1
] | [
"Most noodles are made from four basic ingredients: wheat flour, salt, water, and \"kansui\", which is essentially a type of alkaline mineral water, containing sodium carbonate and usually potassium carbonate, as well as sometimes a small amount of phosphoric acid.",
"Originally, \"kansui\" was named after the water from Inner Mongolia's Lake Kan which contained large amounts of these minerals and was said to be perfect for making these noodles.",
"Making noodles with \"kansui\" lends them a yellowish hue as well as a firm texture.",
"Eggs may also be substituted for \"kansui\".",
"Some noodles are made with neither eggs nor \"kansui\" and should only be used for yakisoba.",
"Ramen comes in various shapes and lengths.",
"It may be thick, thin, or even ribbon-like, as well as straight or wrinkled."
] | [
0
] |
Nazi Germany policy towards the Soviet Union | Who was the speaker of an inescapable battle against "pan-Slav ideals"? | Operation Barbarossa | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
5
] | [
"German intentions.",
"Nazi Germany policy towards the Soviet Union.",
"As early as 1925, Hitler suggested in \"Mein Kampf\" that he would invade the Soviet Union, asserting that the German people needed \"Lebensraum\" (\"living space\", i.e., land and raw materials) and that these should be sought in the East.",
"Nazism viewed the Soviet Union (and all of Eastern Europe) as populated by \"\"Untermensch\"\" Slavs, ruled by \"Jewish Bolshevik\" masters.",
"\"Mein Kampf\" said Germany's destiny was to turn \"to the East\" as it did \"six hundred years ago\" and \"the end of the Jewish domination in Russia will also be the end of Russia as a State.\"",
"Thereafter, Hitler spoke of an inescapable battle against \"pan-Slav ideals\", in which victory would lead to \"permanent mastery of the world\", although he also said they would \"walk part of the road with the Russians, if that will help us\".",
"Accordingly, it was stated Nazi policy to kill, deport, or enslave the majority of Russian and other Slavic populations and repopulate the land with Germanic peoples (see Generalplan Ost).",
"Before World War II, observers believed that in a war with the Soviet Union, Germany would attack through the Baltic states while the \"Kriegsmarine\" would seize Leningrad from the sea.",
"They assumed that possessing the entire Baltic basin would satisfy Hitler, who would not repeat Napoleon's mistake of attacking Moscow."
] | [
3
] |
Construction | How many years did it take to to construct the Leaning Tower of Pisa? | Leaning Tower of Pisa | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"Construction of the tower occurred in three stages across 199 years.",
"Work on the ground floor of the white marble campanile began on August 14, 1173, during a period of military success and prosperity.",
"This ground floor is a blind arcade articulated by engaged columns with classical Corinthian capitals.",
"The tower began to sink after construction had progressed to the second floor in 1178.",
"This was due to a mere three-metre foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that was flawed from the beginning.",
"Construction was subsequently halted for almost a century, because the Republic of Pisa was almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence.",
"This allowed time for the underlying soil to settle.",
"Otherwise, the tower would almost certainly have toppled.",
"In 1198 clocks were temporarily installed on the third floor of the unfinished construction.",
"In 1272 construction resumed under Giovanni di Simone, architect of the Camposanto.",
"In an effort to compensate for the tilt, the engineers built upper floors with one side taller than the other.",
"Because of this, the tower is actually curved.",
"Construction was halted again in 1284, when the Pisans were defeated by the Genoans in the Battle of Meloria.",
"The seventh floor was completed in 1319.",
"It was built by Tommaso di Andrea Pisano, who succeeded in harmonizing the Gothic elements of the bell-chamber with the Romanesque style of the tower.",
"There are seven bells, one for each note of the musical major scale.",
"The largest one was installed in 1655.",
"The bell-chamber was finally added in 1372.",
"After a phase (1990–2001) of structural strengthening, the tower is currently undergoing gradual surface restoration, in order to repair visible damage, mostly corrosion and blackening.",
"These are particularly pronounced due to the tower's age and its exposure to wind and rain."
] | [
5
] |
"Western" riding | What is the design process for cowboy boots? | Equestrianism | true | 4SPORT
| [
11
] | [
"Western riding evolved from the cattle-working and warfare traditions brought to the Americas by the Spanish Conquistadors, and both equipment and riding style evolved to meet the working needs of the cowboy on ranches in the American West.",
"Though the differences between English and Western riding appear dramatic, there are more similarities than most people think.",
"Both styles require riders to have a solid seat, with the hips and shoulders balanced over the feet, with hands independent of the seat so as to avoid disturbing the balance of the horse and interfering with its performance.",
"The most noticeable feature of western style riding is in the saddle, which has a substantial tree that provides greater support to horse and rider when working long hours in the saddle.",
"The western saddle features a prominent pommel topped by a horn (a knob used for dallying a lariat after roping an animal), a deep seat and a high cantle.",
"The stirrups are wider and the saddle has rings and ties that allow objects to be attached to the saddle.",
"Western horses are asked to perform with a loose rein, controlled by one hand.",
"The standard western bridle lacks a noseband and usually consists of a single set of reins attached to a curb bit that has somewhat longer and looser shanks than the curb of an English Weymouth bridle or a pelham bit.",
"Two styles of Western reins developed: The long split reins of the Texas tradition, which are completely separated, or the closed-end \"Romal\" reins of the California tradition, which have a long single attachment on the ends that can be used as a quirt.",
"Modern rodeo competitors in timed events sometimes use a closed rein without a \"romal\".",
"Western riders wear a long-sleeved shirt, denim jeans, boots, and a wide-brimmed cowboy hat.",
"Cowboy boots, which have pointed toes and higher heels than a traditional riding boot, are designed to prevent the rider's foot from slipping through the stirrup during a fall, preventing the rider from being dragged—most western saddles have no safety bars for the leathers or automatic stirrup release mechanism.",
"A rider may wear protective leather leggings called chaps.",
"Clean, well-fitting work clothing is the usual outfit seen in rodeo, cutting and reining competitions, especially for men, though sometimes both men and women wear brighter colors or finer fabrics for competition than for work.",
"Show events such as Western pleasure use much flashier equipment, unlike the English traditions where clothing and tack is quiet and unobtrusive.",
"Saddles, bits and bridles are ornamented with substantial amounts of silver.",
"The rider may add a jacket or vest, and women's clothing in particular features vivid colors and even, depending on current fads, rhinestones or sequins.",
"Western horses are asked to have a brisk, ground-covering walk, but a slow, relaxed jog trot that allows the rider to sit the saddle and not post.",
"The Western version of the canter is called a \"lope\" and while collected and balanced, is expected to be slow and relaxed.",
"Working western horses seldom use a sustained hand gallop, but must be able to accelerate quickly to high speed when chasing cattle or competing in rodeo speed events, must be able to stop quickly from a dead run and \"turn on a dime.\""
] | [
0
] |
Popular culture | In the Touch by his Noodly Appendage artwork, who is in God's spot? | The Creation of Adam | true | 3ART
| [
3
] | [
"",
"\"The Creation of Adam\" is one of the most well-known and famous artworks of all time, and as such has been the subject of a number of references and parodies.",
"Some of these parodies have become famous in their own right, in particular, John Alvin's poster for Steven Spielberg's film \"E.T.",
"the Extra-Terrestrial\", and Niklaas Jansen's artwork \"Touched by His Noodly Appendage\", in which God is replaced by Bobby Henderson's Flying Spaghetti Monster.",
"Parodies have appeared on many well-known television programs including \"The Simpsons\", \"The Muppets\", \"Sesame Street\", and \"Arrested Development\"."
] | [
3
] |
Etymology | During what century did boxes serve as decorative container for holding and serving luxurious sweetmeats? | Marzipan | true | 9FOOD
| [
11
] | [
"The German name has largely ousted the original English name \"marchpane\" with the same apparent derivation: \"March bread.\"",
"(The word \"marchpane\" occurs in Shakespeare's \"Romeo and Juliet\", Act 1, Scene 5, Line 9.)",
"\"Marzapane\" is documented earlier in Italian than in any other language, and the sense \"bread\" for \"pan\" is Romance.",
"The origin could be from the Latin term \"martius panis\", which means \"bread of March\".",
"However, the ultimate etymology is unclear; for example, the Italian word derives from the Latin words \"Massa\" (itself from Greek Μάζα \"Maza\") meaning pastry and \"Pan\" meaning bread, this can be particularly seen in the Provençal \"massapan\", the Portuguese \"maçapão\" (where 'ç' is an alternative form for the phoneme 'ss') and old Spanish \"mazapán\" - the change from 'ss' to 'z' in Latin words was common in old Spanish and the 'r' appeared later.",
"Though, it could also be derived from martis pan, bread of March.",
"Among the other possible etymologies set forth in the Oxford English Dictionary, one theory proposes that the word \"marzipan\" may be a corruption of Martaban, a Burmese city famous for its jars.",
"The Real Academia Española suggests the idea of the Spanish word mazapán to be derived from the Hispanic Arabic بسمة pičmáṭ, which is derived from the Greek παξαμάδιον.",
"Another source could be from Arabic موثابان \"mawthābān\" \"king who sits still.\"",
"The Arabic, Latinized as \"matapanus\", was used to describe a Venetian coin depicting an enthroned Christ the King.",
"These coins were stored in ornate boxes.",
"From about the fifteenth century, when the coins were no longer in circulation, the boxes became decorative containers for storing and serving luxury sweetmeats.",
"One such luxury that crept into the box in the sixteenth century is the now-famous almond-flavored marzipan, named (at least proximately) after the box in which it was stored.",
"However, if marzipan has its origin in Persia, it is not unlikely that the name may come from Marzban (in Persian: مرزبان, derived from the words Marz مرز meaning \"border\" or \"boundary\" and the suffix -bān بان meaning guardian), a class of margraves or military commanders in charge of border provinces of the Sassanid Empire of Persia (Iran) between 3rd and 7th centuries CE.",
"It is also a possibility that the origin of this dessert and the origin of the term come from different geographical places."
] | [
0
] |
Boats | What difference was found between waterboarding and regular reunabout. | Wakeboarding | true | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"The most common difference between a regular runabout and a wakeboarding boat is the wakeboard tower, normally constructed of thick-walled stainless steel or aluminum tubing, which places the \"pull point\" about off the water's surface.",
"The high tow point makes it easier to jump and get air as the rope is not pulling downward as when it is attached to the low tow point used for skiing.",
"Most modern wakeboarding boats also have a variable ballast system, which allows for water to be pumped into and out of ballast tanks from the surrounding water.",
"Adding ballast increases displacement, and consequently enlarges the wake produced.",
"A significant portion of wakeboarding boats utilizes V-drive propulsion.",
"These boats have a regular inboard engine, but are turned 180° such that the transmission is in front of the engine, rather than behind, or \"inline\", which is a more common layout for inboard tournament ski boats.",
"The prop shaft exits the transmission towards the rear of the boat, so that the prop is placed directly under the engine.",
"When viewed from the side, such a layout appears as a \"V\" lying on its side.",
"This layout allows for better weight distribution(with the engine farther aft), and places the prop farther forward, reducing the danger of the spinning prop near the stern of the vessel, where riders enter and exit the water."
] | [
0
] |
Release-1 | What company originally released The Terminator soundtrack album? | The Terminator | false | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"The soundtrack album was originally released through Enigma Records.",
"It was followed by a CD and cassette reissue on July 1, 1991 through DCC Compact Classics.",
"A remastered edition entitled \"The Definitive Edition\" was released on August 22, 1995 through Edel AG.",
"This edition contained a 73-minute running time and included a bonus track the \"Judgement Day Remix\" of \"Theme from The Terminator.\"",
"The liner notes of the album contained extensive annotations for each track."
] | [
0
] |
Pathogens | When bacteria is formed by a parasitic association with other organisms, what are they classified as? | Bacteria | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"If bacteria form a parasitic association with other organisms, they are classed as pathogens.",
"Pathogenic bacteria are a major cause of human death and disease and cause infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis, cholera, foodborne illness, leprosy and tuberculosis.",
"A pathogenic cause for a known medical disease may only be discovered many years after, as was the case with \"Helicobacter pylori\" and peptic ulcer disease.",
"Bacterial diseases are also important in agriculture, with bacteria causing leaf spot, fire blight and wilts in plants, as well as Johne's disease, mastitis, salmonella and anthrax in farm animals.",
"Each species of pathogen has a characteristic spectrum of interactions with its human hosts.",
"Some organisms, such as \"Staphylococcus\" or \"Streptococcus\", can cause skin infections, pneumonia, meningitis and even overwhelming sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response producing shock, massive vasodilation and death.",
"Yet these organisms are also part of the normal human flora and usually exist on the skin or in the nose without causing any disease at all.",
"Other organisms invariably cause disease in humans, such as the Rickettsia, which are obligate intracellular parasites able to grow and reproduce only within the cells of other organisms.",
"One species of Rickettsia causes typhus, while another causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever.",
"\"Chlamydia\", another phylum of obligate intracellular parasites, contains species that can cause pneumonia, or urinary tract infection and may be involved in coronary heart disease.",
"Finally, some species such as \"Pseudomonas aeruginosa\", \"Burkholderia cenocepacia\", and \"Mycobacterium avium\" are opportunistic pathogens and cause disease mainly in people suffering from immunosuppression or cystic fibrosis.",
"Bacterial infections may be treated with antibiotics, which are classified as bacteriocidal if they kill bacteria, or bacteriostatic if they just prevent bacterial growth.",
"There are many types of antibiotics and each class inhibits a process that is different in the pathogen from that found in the host.",
"An example of how antibiotics produce selective toxicity are chloramphenicol and puromycin, which inhibit the bacterial ribosome, but not the structurally different eukaryotic ribosome.",
"Antibiotics are used both in treating human disease and in intensive farming to promote animal growth, where they may be contributing to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations.",
"Infections can be prevented by antiseptic measures such as sterilizing the skin prior to piercing it with the needle of a syringe, and by proper care of indwelling catheters.",
"Surgical and dental instruments are also sterilized to prevent contamination by bacteria.",
"Disinfectants such as bleach are used to kill bacteria or other pathogens on surfaces to prevent contamination and further reduce the risk of infection."
] | [
2,
0
] |
History | Why does the Boston Cooking School brownie recipe call for an extra egg and square of chocolate? | Chocolate brownie | true | 9FOOD
| [
6
] | [
"A chef at Chicago's Palmer House Hotel created the confection after Bertha Palmer requested a dessert for ladies attending the Chicago 1893 World Fair; it should be, she said, smaller than a piece of cake, though still retaining cake-like characteristics and easily eaten from boxed lunches.",
"These first brownies featured an apricot glaze and walnuts, and they are still being made at the hotel according to the original recipe.",
"The earliest published recipes for a brownie like those of today appeared in the \"Home Cookery\" (1904, Laconia, NH), \"Service Club Cook Book\" (1904, Chicago, IL), \"The Boston Globe\" (April 2, 1905 p. 34) and the 1906 edition of \"The Boston Cooking School Cook Book\" by Fannie Merritt Farmer.",
"These recipes produced a relatively mild and cake-like brownie.",
"The name \"brownie\" first appeared in the 1896 version of the cookbook, but this was in reference to molasses cakes baked individually in tin molds, not true brownies.",
"A second recipe appeared in 1907 in \"Lowney’s Cook Book\", by Maria Willet Howard and published by the Walter M. Lowney Company of Boston, Massachusetts.",
"This recipe added an extra egg and an additional square of chocolate to the Boston Cooking School recipe, creating a richer, fudgier brownie.",
"The recipe was named Bangor Brownies, possibly because it was created by a woman in Bangor, Maine.",
"The Bangor Brownie went on to be rated third in the top 10 snacks a few years later."
] | [
1
] |
Organ | How long did it take to restore the organ? | Notre Dame de Paris | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
7
] | [
"Though several organs were installed in the cathedral over time, the earliest ones were inadequate for the building.",
"The first noteworthy organ was finished in the 18th century by the noted builder François-Henri Clicquot.",
"Some of Clicquot's original pipework in the pedal division continues to sound from the organ today.",
"The organ was almost completely rebuilt and expanded in the 19th century by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll.",
"The position of titular organist (\"head\" or \"chief\" organist) at Notre-Dame is considered one of the most prestigious organist posts in France, along with the post of titular organist of Saint Sulpice in Paris, Cavaillé-Coll's largest instrument.",
"The organ has 7,374 pipes, with ca 900 classified as historical.",
"It has 110 real stops, five 56-key manuals and a 32-key pedalboard.",
"In December 1992, a two-year restoration of the organ was completed that fully computerized the organ under three LANs (Local Area Networks).",
"The restoration also included a number of additions, notably two further horizontal reed stops \"en chamade\" in the Cavaille-Coll style.",
"The Notre-Dame organ is therefore unique in France in having five fully independent reed stops \"en chamade\"."
] | [
5
] |
Composition | Does God's finger touch Adam's finger? | The Creation of Adam | true | 3ART
| [
2
] | [
"God is depicted as an elderly white-bearded man wrapped in a swirling cloak while Adam, on the lower left, is completely nude.",
"God's right arm is outstretched to impart the spark of life from his own finger into that of Adam, whose left arm is extended in a pose mirroring God's, a reminder that man is created in the image and likeness of God ().",
"Another point is that Adam's finger and God's finger are not touching.",
"It gives the impression that God, the giver of life, is reaching out to Adam who receives it; they are not on \"the same level\" as would be two humans shaking hands, for instance.",
"Many hypotheses have been formulated regarding the identity and meaning of the figures around God.",
"The person protected by God's left arm might be Eve due to the figure's feminine appearance and gaze towards Adam, but was also suggested to be Virgin Mary, Sophia, the personified human soul, or an angel of feminine build.",
"\"The Creation of Adam\" is generally thought to depict the excerpt \"God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him\" ().",
"The inspiration for Michelangelo's treatment of the subject may come from a medieval hymn called \"Veni Creator Spiritus\", which asks the 'finger of the paternal right hand' (\"digitus paternae dexterae\") to give the faithful speech."
] | [] |
Critical response | Who is the star of the movie "All Is Lost"? | All Is Lost | false | 6MOVIES
| [
3,
12,
13
] | [
"",
"\"All Is Lost\" has received critical acclaim.",
"Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 93% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 194 reviews, with an average score of 7.9/10.",
"The site's consensus states: \"Anchored by another tremendous performance in a career full of them, \"All Is Lost\" offers a moving, eminently worthwhile testament to Robert Redford's ability to hold the screen.\"",
"On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 87 based on 45 reviews, considered to be \"universal acclaim\".",
"After the screening of the film at the Cannes Film Festival, Redford received a standing ovation.",
"Writing for \"The Independent\", Geoffrey Macnab said the film was \"utterly compelling viewing\".",
"Andrew Pulver, writing for \"The Guardian\", said that \"Redford delivers a tour de force performance: holding the screen effortlessly with no acting support whatsoever.\"",
"Justin Chang of \"Variety\" said of Redford's performance that he \"holds the viewer’s attention merely by wincing, scowling, troubleshooting and yelling the occasional expletive\".",
"Robbie Collin of \"The Telegraph\" said, \"The film's scope is limited, but as far as it goes, \"All Is Lost\" is very good indeed: a neat idea, very nimbly executed.",
"\"Peter Bradshaw writing also for The Guardian says the \"near-mute performance as a mysterious old man of the sea\" to be \"a bold, gripping thriller.\"",
"Being an ambiguous and challenging metaphor, he concludes: “What a strikingly bold and thoughtful film.”Alan Scherstuhl of \"The Village Voice\" writes that the film is \"a genuine nail-biter, scrupulously made and fully involving, elemental in its simplicity.\"",
"David Morgan of CBS News gave the film a positive review, stating, \"Four decades ago Redford demonstrated a similar capacity for survival skills as the mountain man Jeremiah Johnson.",
"Today, at age 77, without a supporting cast and performing virtually all of his water stunts himself, Redford proves he is still up to the task, shining in what is an extremely physical but also an intellectually demanding role.",
"\"Steve Pulaski of \"Influx Magazine\" gave the film an A-, commenting, \"\"All is Lost\" is a strong film in terms of mood and score.",
"I have no idea what audiences will think of it.",
"Some will hail it[...]and others will loathe it for not getting more to the bottom of things and leaving each scene with some element of ambiguity.\""
] | [
3
] |
Cast | What actor is not credited as Victor Tellegio? | American Hustle | true | 6MOVIES
| [
19
] | [
"Several of the characters are fictional versions of specific real-life counterparts:",
" Christian Bale as Irving Rosenfeld (based on Melvin Weinberg )",
" Bradley Cooper as FBI Agent Richard \"Richie\" DiMaso (based on Anthony Amoroso, Jr.)",
" Amy Adams as Sydney Prosser / Lady Edith Greensly (based on Evelyn Knight)",
" Jeremy Renner as Mayor Carmine Polito (based on Angelo Errichetti)",
" Jennifer Lawrence as Rosalyn Rosenfeld (based on Cynthia Marie Weinberg)",
" Louis C.K.",
"as Stoddard Thorsen",
" Jack Huston as Pete Musane",
" Saïd Taghmaoui as Irving's Sheikh Plant",
" Michael Peña as Paco Hernandez / Sheikh Abdullah",
" Shea Whigham as Carl Elway",
" Erica McDermott as Carl Elway's Assistant / Addie Abrams",
" Alessandro Nivola as Anthony Amado",
" Elisabeth Röhm as Dolly Polito (based on Dolores \"Dodie\" Errichetti)",
" Colleen Camp as Brenda",
" Paul Herman as Alfonse Simone",
" Anthony Zerbe as a US Senator from New Jersey (based on US Senator Harrison A.",
"\"Pete\" Williams)",
" Robert De Niro (uncredited) as Victor Tellegio (based on mobster Vincent Alo)"
] | [
0
] |
Crispy tacos | What ingredient are used to prepare a crispy taco? | Taco | false | 9FOOD
| [
0,
1,
2,
3
] | [
"A mostly California variation where the (sometimes over-sized) corn tortilla is fried or deep-fried in oil (originally, lard).",
"The meat can be anything, such as ground beef, steak, shredded beef, chicken or pork (carnitas).",
"Ground beef is generally diluted with refried bean paste and/or potato, and heavily seasoned.",
"Steak will usually be heavily chili-marinated, diced beef tip (\"asada\").",
"The meat is generally topped with jack and/or cheddar cheese, lettuce and tomato (and sometimes avocado and/or sour cream), with salsa on top."
] | [
0
] |
Food and nutrition | What reduced per capita income prior to the industrial revolution? | Industrial Revolution | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
4
] | [
"Chronic hunger and malnutrition were the norm for the majority of the population of the world including Britain and France, until the latter part of the 19th century.",
"Until about 1750, in large part due to malnutrition, life expectancy in France was about 35 years, and only slightly higher in Britain.",
"The U.S. population of the time was adequately fed, were much taller and had life expectancy of 45–50 years.",
"In Britain and the Netherlands food supply had been increasing and prices falling before the Industrial Revolution due to better agricultural practices; however, population was increasing as well, as noted by Thomas Malthus.",
"Prior to the Industrial Revolution, advances in agriculture or technology soon led to an increase in population, which again strained food and other resources, limiting increases in per capita income.",
"This condition is called the Malthusian trap, and it was finally overcome by industrialization.",
"Transportation improvements, such as canals and improved roads, also lowered food costs.",
"Railroads were introduced near the end of the Industrial Revolution."
] | [
0
] |
Judo "waza" (techniques) | "Nage-waza" is mostly attributed to what martial art? | Judo | true | 4SPORT
| [
2
] | [
" \"waza\" (techniques).",
"There are three basic categories of in judo: , and .",
"Judo is most known for \"nage-waza\" and \"katame-waza\".",
"Judo practitioners typically devote a portion of each practice session to , in order that \"nage-waza\" can be practiced without significant risk of injury.",
"Several distinct types of \"ukemi\" exist, including ; ; ; and The person who performs a \"Waza\" is known as and the person to whom it is performed is known as ."
] | [
0
] |
Israeli-occupied territories | When did Hamas assume power in the Gaza Strip. | Israel | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
24
] | [
"i-occupied territories.",
"In 1967, as a result of the Six-Day War, Israel took control of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights.",
"Israel also took control of the Sinai Peninsula, but returned it to Egypt as part of the 1979 Israel–Egypt Peace Treaty.",
"Between 1982 and 2000, Israel occupied part of southern Lebanon, in what was known as the Security Zone.",
"Following Israel's capture of these territories and until this day, settlements (Jewish civilian communities) and military installations were built within each of them.",
"Israel applied civilian law to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, incorporating them into its sovereign territory and granting their inhabitants permanent residency status and the choice to apply for citizenship.",
"In contrast, the West Bank has remained under military occupation, and Palestinians in this area cannot become citizens.",
"The Gaza Strip is independent of Israel with no Israeli military or civilian presence, but Israel continues to maintain control of its airspace and waters.",
"The UN Security Council has declared the annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem to be \"null and void\" and continues to view the territories as occupied.",
"The International Court of Justice, principal judicial organ of the United Nations, asserted, in its 2004 advisory opinion on the legality of the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier, that the lands captured by Israel in the Six-Day War, including East Jerusalem, are occupied territory.",
"The status of East Jerusalem in any future peace settlement has at times been a difficult hurdle in negotiations between Israeli governments and representatives of the Palestinians, as Israel views it as its sovereign territory, as well as part of its capital.",
"Most negotiations relating to the territories have been on the basis of United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, which emphasises \"the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war\", and calls on Israel to withdraw from occupied territories in return for normalization of relations with Arab states, a principle known as \"Land for peace\".",
"The West Bank was annexed by Jordan in 1950, following the Arab rejection of the UN decision to create two states in Palestine.",
"Only Britain recognized this annexation and Jordan has since ceded its claim to the territory to the PLO.",
"The West Bank was occupied by Israel in 1967 during the Six-Day War.",
"The population are mainly Palestinians, including refugees of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.",
"From their occupation in 1967 until 1993, the Palestinians living in these territories were under Israeli military administration.",
"Since the Israel–PLO letters of recognition, most of the Palestinian population and cities have been under the internal jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, and only partial Israeli military control, although Israel has on several occasions redeployed its troops and reinstated full military administration during periods of unrest.",
"In response to increasing attacks as part of the Second Intifada, the Israeli government started to construct the Israeli West Bank barrier.",
"When completed, approximately 13% of the Barrier will be constructed on the Green Line or in Israel with 87% inside the West Bank.",
"The Gaza Strip was occupied by Egypt from 1948 to 1967 and then by Israel after 1967.",
"In 2005, as part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, Israel removed all of its settlers and forces from the territory.",
"Israel does not consider the Gaza Strip to be occupied territory and declared it a \"foreign territory\".",
"That view has been disputed by numerous international humanitarian organizations and various bodies of the United Nations.",
"Following June 2007, when Hamas assumed power in the Gaza Strip, Israel tightened its control of the Gaza crossings along its border, as well as by sea and air, and prevented persons from entering and exiting the area except for isolated cases it deemed humanitarian.",
"Gaza has a border with Egypt and an agreement between Israel, the European Union and the PA governed how border crossing would take place (it was monitored by European observers).",
"Egypt adhered to this agreement under Mubarak and prevented access to Gaza until April 2011 when it announced it was opening its border with Gaza."
] | [
2
] |
Salvador Dalí and the Spanish Civil War | Who was trapped in the strike and an armed uprising by Catalan seperatists? | Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War) | false | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"Dalí and his wife, Gala, were trapped in the middle of a general strike and an armed uprising by Catalan separatists in 1934, in Catalonia, and this may have influenced his Spanish Civil War motif.",
"Salvador and Gala had to run away to Paris, where they got married.",
"Dalí and Gala had hired an escort to take them safely to Paris, but the escort died on his return because of the stresses of the Spanish Civil War.",
"When Dalí had finally returned home, his house in Port Lligat was destroyed by the war.",
"He was also greatly affected because his friend was executed in the war and his sister Ana Maria was imprisoned and tortured."
] | [
3
] |
Early life, 1475-88 | Who claims to have descended from the COuntess Mathilde of Canossa? | Michelangelo | false | 3ART
| [
6
] | [
"Early life, 1475-88.",
"Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese near Arezzo, Tuscany.",
"(Today, Caprese is known as Caprese Michelangelo).",
"For several generations, his family had been small-scale bankers in Florence, the bank had failed and his father, Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, briefly took a government post in Caprese, where Michelangelo was born.",
"At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his father was the Judicial administrator of the small town of Caprese and local administrator of Chiusi.",
"Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena.",
"The Buonarrotis claimed to descend from the Countess Mathilde of Canossa; this claim remains unproven, but Michelangelo himself believed it.",
"Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where Michelangelo was raised.",
"At later times, during his mother's prolonged illness and after her death in 1481, when he was just six years old, Michelangelo lived with a stonecutter and his wife and family in the town of Settignano, where his father owned a marble quarry and a small farm.",
"Giorgio Vasari quotes Michelangelo: "
] | [
3
] |
Geography and climate | Which country is at the eastern end of the Mediterranean sea bordered by Lebanon, Jordan and Egypt? | Israel | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"Israel is at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, bounded by Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank to the east, and Egypt and the Gaza strip to the southwest.",
"It lies between latitudes 29° and 34° N, and longitudes 34° and 36° E. The sovereign territory of Israel, excluding all territories captured by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War, is approximately in area, of which two percent is water.",
"However Israel is so narrow that the exclusive economic zone in the Mediterranean is double the land area of the country.",
"The total area under Israeli law, including East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, is , and the total area under Israeli control, including the military-controlled and partially Palestinian-governed territory of the West Bank, is .",
"Despite its small size, Israel is home to a variety of geographic features, from the Negev desert in the south to the inland fertile Jezreel Valley, mountain ranges of the Galilee, Carmel and toward the Golan in the north.",
"The Israeli Coastal Plain on the shores of the Mediterranean is home to 57 percent of the nation's population.",
"East of the central highlands lies the Jordan Rift Valley, which forms a small part of the Great Rift Valley.",
"The Jordan River runs along the Jordan Rift Valley, from Mount Hermon through the Hulah Valley and the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, the lowest point on the surface of the Earth.",
"Further south is the Arabah, ending with the Gulf of Eilat, part of the Red Sea.",
"Unique to Israel and the Sinai Peninsula are makhteshim, or erosion cirques.",
"The largest makhtesh in the world is Ramon Crater in the Negev, which measures .",
"A report on the environmental status of the Mediterranean basin states that Israel has the largest number of plant species per square meter of all the countries in the basin.",
"Temperatures in Israel vary widely, especially during the winter.",
"The more mountainous regions can be windy, cold, and sometimes snowy; Jerusalem usually receives at least one snowfall each year.",
"Meanwhile, coastal cities, such as Tel Aviv and Haifa, have a typical Mediterranean climate with cool, rainy winters and long, hot summers.",
"The area of Beersheba and the Northern Negev has a semi-arid climate with hot summers, cool winters and fewer rainy days than the Mediterranean climate.",
"The Southern Negev and the Arava areas have desert climate with very hot and dry summers, and mild winters with few days of rain.",
"The highest temperature in the continent of Asia () was recorded in 1942 at Tirat Zvi kibbutz in the northern Jordan river valley.",
"From May to September, rain in Israel is rare.",
"With scarce water resources, Israel has developed various water-saving technologies, including drip irrigation.",
"Israelis also take advantage of the considerable sunlight available for solar energy, making Israel the leading nation in solar energy use per capita (practically every house uses solar panels for water heating).",
"Four different phytogeographic regions exist in Israel, due to the country's location between the temperate and the tropical zones, bordering the Mediterranean Sea in the west and the desert in the east.",
"For this reason the flora and fauna of Israel is extremely diverse.",
"There are 2,867 known species of plants found in Israel.",
"Of these, at least 253 species are introduced and non-native.",
"There are 380 Israeli nature reserves."
] | [] |
Personnel | Who played piano and also sung lead vocals? | How to Save a Life | true | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"Isaac Slade - lead vocals, piano",
"Joe King - guitars, bass, backing vocals",
"Dave Welsh - guitars",
"Ben Wysocki - drums, percussion"
] | [
3
] |
History | What has recently been considered its own subdiscipline? | Physiology | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
9
] | [
"The study of human physiology dates back to at least 420 BC to the time of Hippocrates, also known as the father of medicine.",
"The critical thinking of Aristotle and his emphasis on the relationship between structure and function marked the beginning of physiology in Ancient Greece, while Claudius Galenus (c. 126–199 AD), known as Galen, was the first to use experiments to probe the functions of the body.",
"Galen was the founder of experimental physiology.",
"Jean Fernel, a French physician, introduced the term \"physiology\" in 1525.",
"In the 19th century, physiological knowledge began to accumulate at a rapid rate, in particular with the 1838 appearance of the Cell theory of Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.",
"It radically stated that organisms are made up of units called cells.",
"Claude Bernard's (1813–1878) further discoveries ultimately led to his concept of \"milieu interieur\" (internal environment), which would later be taken up and championed as \"homeostasis\" by American physiologist Walter Cannon.",
"In the 20th century, biologists also became interested in how organisms other than human beings function, eventually spawning the fields of comparative physiology and ecophysiology.",
"Major figures in these fields include Knut Schmidt-Nielsen and George Bartholomew.",
"Most recently, evolutionary physiology has become a distinct subdiscipline."
] | [
0
] |
Colonial period | When did Britain end its rule in India? | Pakistan | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
6
] | [
"The gradual decline of the Mughal Empire in the early eighteenth century enabled Sikh rulers to control large areas until the British East India Company gained ascendancy over South Asia.",
"The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, was the region's major armed struggle against the British.",
"The largely non-violent independence struggle led by the Indian National Congress engaged millions of protesters in mass campaigns of civil disobedience in the 1920s and 1930s.",
"The All-India Muslim League rose to popularity in the late 1930s amid fears of under-representation and neglect of Muslims in politics.",
"In his presidential address of 29 December 1930, Muhammad Iqbal called for \"the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim State\" consisting of Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan.",
"Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, espoused the two-nation theory and led the Muslim League to adopt the Lahore Resolution of 1940, popularly known as the Pakistan Resolution.",
"In early 1947, Britain announced the decision to end its rule in India.",
"In June 1947, the nationalist leaders of British India—including Jawaharlal Nehru and Abul Kalam Azad representing the Congress, Jinnah representing the Muslim League, and Master Tara Singh representing the Sikhs—agreed to the proposed terms of transfer of power and independence.",
"The modern state of Pakistan was established on 14 August 1947 (27 Ramadan 1366 in the Islamic Calendar) in the eastern and northwestern regions of British India, where there was a Muslim majority.",
"It comprised the provinces of Balochistan, East Bengal, the North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab and Sindh.",
"The partition of the Punjab and Bengal provinces led to communal riots across India and Pakistan; millions of Muslims moved to Pakistan and millions of Hindus and Sikhs moved to India.",
"Dispute over Jammu and Kashmir led to the First Kashmir War."
] | [
2
] |
Tourism | Where does Mexico rank according to the 2011 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index report? | Mexico | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
7
] | [
"Mexico has been traditionally among the most visited countries in the world according to the World Tourism Organization and it is the most visited country in the Americas, after the United States.",
"The most notable attractions are the Meso-American ruins, cultural festivals, colonial cities, nature reserves and the beach resorts.",
"The nation's temperate climate and unique culture – a fusion of the European and the Meso-American – make Mexico an attractive destination.",
"The peak tourism seasons in the country are during December and the mid-Summer, with brief surges during the week before Easter and Spring break, when many of the beach resort sites become popular destinations for college students from the United States.",
"Mexico has the 23rd highest income from tourism in the world, and the highest in Latin America.",
"The vast majority of tourists come to Mexico from the United States and Canada followed by Europe and Asia.",
"A smaller number also come from other Latin American countries.",
"In the 2011 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index report, Mexico was ranked 43rd in the world, which was 4th in the Americas .",
"The coastlines of Mexico harbor many stretches of beaches that are frequented by sun bathers and other visitors.",
"On the Yucatán peninsula, one of the most popular beach destinations is the resort town of Cancún, especially among university students during spring break.",
"Just offshore is the beach island of Isla Mujeres, and to the east is the Isla Holbox.",
"To the south of Cancun is the coastal strip called Riviera Maya which includes the beach town of Playa del Carmen and the ecological parks of Xcaret and Xel-Há.",
"A day trip to the south of Cancún is the historic port of Tulum.",
"In addition to its beaches, the town of Tulum is notable for its cliff-side Mayan ruins.",
"On the Pacific coast is the notable tourist destination of Acapulco.",
"Once the destination for the rich and famous, the beaches have become crowded and the shores are now home to many multi-story hotels and vendors.",
"Acapulco is home to renowned cliff divers: trained divers who leap from the side of a vertical cliff into the surf below.",
"At the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula is the resort town of Cabo San Lucas, a town noted for its beaches and marlin fishing.",
"Further north along the Sea of Cortés is the Bahía de La Concepción, another beach town known for its sports fishing.",
"Closer to the United States border is the weekend draw of San Felipe, Baja California."
] | [
4
] |
Abstract | Who has been the world's largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years? | Brazil | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
21
] | [
"Brazil (, ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in both South America and the Latin American region.",
"It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population.",
"It is the largest Lusophone country in the world, and the only one in the Americas.",
"Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of .",
"It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay.",
"Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz.",
"It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and occupies 47 percent of the continent of South America.",
"Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500, who claimed the area for Portugal.",
"Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808, when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro after French forces led by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Portugal.",
"In 1815, it was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.",
"Its independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system.",
"The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military \"coup d'état\" proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824.",
"An authoritarian military junta had led the nation from 1964 until 1985.",
"Brazil's current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a federal republic.",
"The Federation is composed of the union of the Federal District, the 26 states, and the 5,564 municipalities.",
"The Brazilian economy is the world's seventh largest by nominal GDP and the seventh largest by purchasing power parity, as of 2012.",
"A member of the BRIC group, Brazil has one of the world's fastest growing major economies, with its economic reforms giving the country new international recognition and influence.",
"Brazil's national development bank (BNDES) plays an important role for the country's economic growth.",
"Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, CPLP, Latin Union, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the Organization of American States, Mercosul and the Union of South American Nations.",
"Brazil is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to a variety of wildlife, natural environments, and extensive natural resources in a variety of protected habitats.",
"Brazil is a regional power in Latin America and a middle power in international affairs, with some analysts identifying it as an emerging global power.",
"Brazil has been the world's largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years."
] | [
3
] |
Music video | What is the location where the video for "Glad You Cane" was shot? | Glad You Came | true | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"The music video was created by Director X and was filmed in Ibiza, Spain.",
"It sees the band on the beach, in a club and at a houseparty each with an individual woman.",
"It was uploaded to YouTube on 10 June 2011.",
"Jay McGuiness revealed to MTV UK: \"The theory of the video was take The Wanted to Ibiza and just film everything and then just cut bits that were useable.",
"But the girls were models, they weren't just girls we picked.\"",
"However Max George admitted: \"Actually no, the girl I had to spend time with was just literally picked up off the street after a night out.\"",
"The video has achieved over 74 million views on YouTube, becoming their most watched video on the site.",
"It also starred a cameo from footballer John-Joe O'Toole."
] | [
4,
0
] |
Music video | Who is the actor in the Uk music video for Chasing Cars? | Chasing Cars | false | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"There are two music videos: one for UK, one for the US.",
"In the music video for UK, Gary Lightbody lies on open ground as cameras film him from different angles.",
"It starts raining, splashing his face and hands.",
"Gary enters a pool of water next to him and in the end of the video, he gets out of the water, rises on his feet and looks up at the camera as it zooms out overhead.",
"In the US music video, Lightbody is shown lying down in busy places while singing.",
"People ignore him and step over him.",
"Among the places he lies are a diner, an intersection, at the top of an escalator, in a subway car, at the top of a hill overlooking a highway, and at the end on a bed."
] | [
3
] |
Personnel | Who did vocals in Hey Jude? | Hey Jude | false | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"Paul McCartney – lead vocal, piano, bass",
"John Lennon – backing vocal, acoustic guitar",
"George Harrison – backing vocal, electric guitar",
"Ringo Starr – backing vocal, drums, tambourine",
"Uncredited – 10 violins, three violas, three cellos, two double basses, two flutes, two clarinets, one bass clarinet, one bassoon, one contrabassoon, four trumpets, two horns, four trombones, and one percussion instrument.",
"EMI archives do not record the names of the studio musicians, but it has been established that one of the cellists was Bobby Kok, and two of the flautists were Bill Jackman and Brian Warren.",
"Personnel per Ian MacDonald and Mark Lewisohn."
] | [
3
] |
Sport | How many yards long is an American competitive swimming pool? | Human swimming | true | 4SPORT
| [
4
] | [
"Swimming as a sport predominantly involves competition among participants to be the fastest over a given distance under self propulsion.",
"Different distances are swum in different levels of competition.",
"For example, swimming has been part of Olympic Swimming since 1896, and the current program contains events from 50m to 1500m in length, across all four main strokes and medley.",
"The sport is governed internationally by the Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), and competition pools for FINA events are 25 or 50 metres in length.",
"In the United States of America, USA Swimming is the governing body and a pool 25 yards in length is commonly used for competition.",
"There are other swimming and water related sporting disciplines including diving, synchronised swimming and water polo, as well as sports which include a swimming element, such as triathlon and modern pentathlon."
] | [
5
] |
Cast | What character does Jack Black provide voice acting for in Kung Fu Panda? | Kung Fu Panda | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
" Jack Black as Po, an energetic yet accident-prone giant panda.",
"He is also a die-hard fan of the Furious Five and kung fu, despite the fact that his father wants him take over the family noodle shop.",
"To everyone's surprise, Po is chosen as the Dragon Warrior by Master Oogway, and in the end he defeats Tai Lung.",
" Dustin Hoffman as Master Shifu, an old red panda who is the stern kung fu master to the Five and (unwillingly) to Po; he is troubled over mistakes in the past and is the former-master and adoptive father of Tai Lung.",
" Angelina Jolie as Tigress, a tiger and leader of the Furious Five.",
"She is the most hostile to Po when he's chosen as the Dragon Warrior, but eventually accepts him when he defeats Tai Lung.",
" Jackie Chan as Monkey, a Gee's golden langur and member of the Furious Five; he has an easygoing attitude, and like Sun Wukong, the Monkey of Chinese folktales, he is adept with a staff.",
" Lucy Liu as Viper, a Green Tree Viper and member of the Furious Five; she is kind and the most good-natured to Po when he is chosen as the Dragon Warrior.",
" Seth Rogen as Mantis, a Chinese mantis and member of the Furious Five; he is extremely strong for his size and is also experienced in acupuncture.",
" David Cross as Crane, a Red-crowned Crane and another member of the Furious Five; he tends to be both practical and sarcastic.",
" Ian McShane as Tai Lung, a muscular snow leopard, who was denied the Dragon Scroll by Master Oogway.",
"After rampaging the Valley of Peace for being denied the scroll, Tai Lung was sent to Chorh-Gom Prison for twenty years, after which he escaped and returned for revenge.",
"He is the adoptive son and former-student of Shifu.",
" Randall Duk Kim as Master Oogway, Shifu's mentor and the wise leader of the Jade Palace.",
"He is an ancient Galápagos tortoise.",
" James Hong as Mr. Ping, Po's father, a happy-go-lucky Chinese goose who runs a noodle restaurant along with his son, who is unwilling to follow in his father's footsteps.",
" Dan Fogler as Zeng, a Chinese goose who is Shifu's nervous messenger.",
" Michael Clarke Duncan as Commander Vachir, a Javan rhinoceros who is the boastful warden of Chorh-Gom Prison, where Tai Lung is imprisoned."
] | [
0
] |
Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone | What attraction is at the end in Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone? | Universal Studios Florida | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
7
] | [
"Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone is the park's children's area named after Universal Studios' mascot, Woody Woodpecker.",
"The area was originally part of World Expo, but was divided into its own section with the opening of a junior roller coaster named \"Woody Woodpecker's Nuthouse Coaster\" in 1999.",
"In addition to the junior roller coaster, Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone is home to three attractions and three shows.",
"\"Fievel's Playland\" is a children's playground which includes a spider web to climb and a long water slide.",
"The attraction opened in 1992.",
"A second children's play area opened six years later.",
"Curious George Goes to Town is a play area featuring two large water troughs that dump 500 gallons of water on its visitors every few minutes, and a ball area where guests can shoot soft, foam balls out of cannons.",
"The final attraction is E.T.",
"Adventure which opened in 1990, the ride is a dark ride based on the 1982 hit film \"E.T.",
"the Extra-Terrestrial\".",
"Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone is home to three shows which are performed multiple times per day.",
"A Day in the Park with Barney is a live, sing-along stage show featuring Barney and his friends.",
"Animal Actors On Location is a 20-minute live stage show featuring trained animals showcasing their talent.",
"StarToons Summer Jam is a live show featuring classic Universal cartoon characters performing to beach party songs.",
"It is the fourth version of the show to be held at the park, the previous three versions being \"StarToons\", in the Production Central area, as well as\"StarToons Character Meet and Greet\" and \"StarToons: 80's Rewind\", also in the Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone area.",
"Guests can purchase food and beverage items from the \"Kidzone Pizza Company\" in Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone.",
"As with the rest of the park, merchandise shops have been designed to offer specific merchandise related to that area's attractions.",
"\"The Barney Store\" and \"E.T.",
"'s Toy Closet\" sell merchandise specific to A Day in the Park with Barney and E.T.",
"Adventure respectively.",
"The \"Universal Cartoon Store\", on the other hand, sells merchandise of various cartoon characters, including Woody Woodpecker and Scooby Doo.",
"On May 28, 2012, the Universal Cartoon Store was replaced with a SpongeBob SquarePants-themed store called SpongeBob StorePants.",
"Ever since then it has been the newest addition to Woody Woodpecker's Kidzone since the Kidzone opened in 1999."
] | [
0
] |
Restaurants | Who is the head chef of the restraunt? | Eiffel Tower | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
2
] | [
"The tower has two restaurants: \"Le 58 tour Eiffel\", on the first floors and the \"Le Jules Verne\", a gourmet restaurant on the second floor, with a private lift.",
"This restaurant has one star in the Michelin Red Guide.",
"It is run by the multi-Michelin star chef Alain Ducasse."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | Which play did Lincoln get shot at? | Assassination of Abraham Lincoln | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"United States President Abraham Lincoln was shot on Good Friday, April 14, 1865, while attending the play \"Our American Cousin\" at Ford's Theatre as the American Civil War was drawing to a close.",
"The assassination occurred five days after the commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, General Robert E. Lee, surrendered to Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and the Union Army of the Potomac, ending the American Civil War.",
"Lincoln was the first American president to be assassinated, though an unsuccessful attempt had been made on Andrew Jackson 30 years before in 1835.",
"The assassination of Lincoln was planned and carried out by the well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth, as part of a larger conspiracy in a bid to revive the Confederate cause.",
"Booth's co-conspirators were Lewis Powell and David Herold, who were assigned to kill Secretary of State William H. Seward, and George Atzerodt who was to kill Vice President Andrew Johnson.",
"By simultaneously eliminating the top three people in the administration, Booth and his co-conspirators hoped to sever the continuity of the United States government.",
"Lincoln was shot while watching the play \"Our American Cousin\" with his wife Mary Todd Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C..",
"He died early the next morning.",
"The rest of the conspirators' plot failed; Powell only managed to wound Seward, while Atzerodt, Johnson's would-be assassin, lost his nerve and fled to Washington."
] | [] |
Production | What is the common wheat's close relative? | Cereal | true | 9FOOD
| [
13
] | [
"The following table shows the annual production of cereals in 1961, 2010, 2011, and 2012 ranked by 2012 production.",
"All but buckwheat and quinoa are true grasses (these two are pseudocereals).",
"Maize, wheat, and rice together accounted for 89% of all cereal production worldwide in 2012, and 43% of all food calories in 2009, while the production of oats and triticale have drastically fallen from their 1960s levels.",
"Other grains that are important in some places, but that have little production globally (and are not included in FAO statistics), include:",
" Teff, an ancient grain that is a staple in Ethiopia.",
"It is high in fiber and protein.",
"Its flour is often used to make injera.",
"It can also be eaten as a warm breakfast cereal similar to farina with a chocolate or nutty flavor.",
"Its flour and whole grain products can usually be found in natural foods stores.",
" Wild rice, grown in small amounts in North America.",
" Amaranth, an ancient pseudocereal, formerly a staple crop of the Aztec Empire and now widely grown in Africa.",
" Kañiwa, close relative of quinoa.",
"Several other species of wheat have also been domesticated, some very early in the history of agriculture:",
" Spelt, a close relative of common wheat.",
" Einkorn, a wheat species with a single grain.",
" Emmer, one of the first crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent.",
" Durum, the only tetraploid species of wheat currently cultivated, used to make semolina.",
" Kamut, an ancient relative of durum with an unknown history."
] | [
0
] |
Online games | Playnia created what game? | Kung Fu Panda | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"Two popular online games, \"The Adversary\" and \"The Field of Fiery Danger\", were created by Playniac to accompany the movie release.",
"\"The Adversary\" is based on the moment where the main character Po, voiced by Jack Black, attacks a punchbag and underestimates its response.",
"\"The Field of Fiery Danger\" is based on scenes where Po accidentally falls into the pit of fire spouting tubes and also the moment where the kung fu master Shifu realizes that the only way to get through to Po is with food.",
"Both games have 20 challenging levels and were featured as game of the week on the Nickelodeon web site."
] | [
0
] |
Racial characteristics | What part of the Sphinx has been damaged? | Great Sphinx of Giza | false | 3ART
| [
2
] | [
"Over the years several authors have commented on what they perceive as \"Negroid\" characteristics in the face of the Sphinx.",
"This issue has become part of the Ancient Egyptian race controversy, with respect to the ancient population as a whole.",
"The face of the Sphinx has been damaged over the millennia."
] | [
0
] |
Video games | Who released the three South Park video games? | South Park | false | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"Following the early success of the series, three video games based on the series were released by Acclaim Entertainment.",
"A first-person shooter simply titled \"South Park\" was released in 1998 for the PC, Nintendo 64, and PlayStation.",
"This was followed in 1999 by ', a party video game featuring quizzes and mini-games, on the Dreamcast, PlayStation, Nintendo 64, and PC.",
"In 2000, \"South Park Rally\", a racing game, was released on the Dreamcast, PlayStation, Nintendo 64, and PC.",
"Parker and Stone had little to do with the development of these games, apart from providing voice acting, and have publicly criticized Acclaim and the quality of the \"South Park\" games they produced.",
"Several years after these early games, the decision was made to form a small group called South Park Digital Studios, which would, among other things, work on creating new \"South Park\" games, that would involve the studio and the show's creators more heavily.",
"The first such title is \"South Park Let's Go Tower Defense Play!",
"\", a tower defense game developed by Doublesix, which was released in 2009 for the Xbox Live Arcade service on the Xbox 360 console.",
"Another Xbox Live Arcade game, ' is a platformer, which was released in the spring of 2012. \"\"",
"is a role-playing video game that was written by Parker and Stone, and was originally scheduled to be released on March 5, 2013 for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 consoles, and Microsoft Windows; The game released March 4, 2014 to positive reviews."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | What is the meaning of "galbi"? | Galbi | true | 9FOOD
| [
1
] | [
"Kalbi or galbi generally refers to a variety of \"gui\" or grilled dishes in Korean cuisine that are made with marinated beef (or pork) short ribs in a \"ganjang\"-based sauce (Korean soy sauce).",
"In the Korean language, \"galbi\" literally means \"rib\" and can refer to cooked or uncooked ribs.",
"Although the dish's full name is galbi gui, the word \"\"gui\"\" (grilling) is commonly omitted.",
"Suwon and Los Angeles are particularly known for their galbi.",
"\"Galbi\" is generally made with beef ribs, and it may be called \"\"sogalbi\"\" (소갈비) or \"\"soegalbi\"\" (쇠갈비).",
"The prefix \"\"so\"\" or \"\"soe\"\" (beef) is often omitted when referring to beef ribs.",
"It is also called \"bulgalbi\" when grilled over fire.",
"\"Galbi\" can also be made with pork ribs or chicken; in such cases, the dish is called \"\"dwaeji galbi\"\" (돼지갈비) or \"\"dak galbi\"\" (닭갈비) to emphasize the main ingredient.",
"It is listed at number 41 on the \"World's 50 most delicious foods\" readers' poll complied by \"CNN Go\" in 2011."
] | [
0
] |
Climate | When was the record high temperature in Yellowstone National Park? | Yellowstone National Park | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"Yellowstone climate is greatly influenced by altitude, with lower elevations generally found to be warmer year round.",
"The record high temperature was in 2002, while the coldest temperature recorded is in 1933.",
"During the summer months of June through early September, daytime highs are normally in the range, while nighttime lows can go to below freezing (0 °C)—especially at higher altitudes.",
"Summer afternoons are frequently accompanied by thunderstorms.",
"Spring and fall temperatures range between with cold nights in the teens to single digits (−5 to −20 °C).",
"Winter in Yellowstone is very cold with high temperatures usually between zero to 20 °F (−20 to −5 °C) and nighttime temperatures below zero °F (−20 °C) for most of the winter.",
"Precipitation in Yellowstone is highly variable and ranges from annually near Mammoth Hot Springs, to in the southwestern sections of the park.",
"The precipitation of Yellowstone is greatly influenced by the moisture channel formed by the Snake River Plain to the west that was, in turn, formed by Yellowstone itself.",
"Snow is possible in any month of the year, with averages of annually around Yellowstone Lake, to twice that amount at higher elevations.",
"Tornadoes in Yellowstone are rare; however, on July 21, 1987, the most powerful tornado recorded in Wyoming touched down in the Teton Wilderness of Bridger-Teton National Forest and hit Yellowstone National Park.",
"Called the Teton–Yellowstone tornado, it was classified as an F4, with wind speeds estimated at between .",
"The tornado left a path of destruction wide, and long, and leveled of mature pine forest.",
"Both high elevation areas are classified as humid continental (Dfb), according to Köppen-Geiger climate classification."
] | [
2
] |
Contemporary era | Who won the 1983 campaign? | Argentina | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"Raúl Alfonsín won the 1983 elections campaigning for the prosecution of those responsible for human rights violations during the \"Proceso\": the Trial of the Juntas and other martial courts sentenced all the coup's leaders but, under military pressure, he also enacted the Full Stop and Due Obedience laws, which halted prosecutions further down the chain of command.",
"The worsening economic crisis and hyperinflation reduced his popular support and the Peronist Carlos Menem won the 1989 election.",
"Soon after, riots forced Alfonsín to an early resign.",
"Menem embraced neoliberal policies: a fixed exchange rate, business deregulation, privatizations and dismantling of protectionist barriers normalized the economy for a while.",
"He pardoned the officers who had been sentenced during Alfonsín's government.",
"The 1994 Constitutional Amendment allowed Menem to be elected for a second term.",
"The economy began to decline in 1995, with increasing unemployment and recession; led by Fernando de la Rúa, the UCR returned to the presidency in the 1999 elections.",
"De la Rúa kept Menem's economic plan despite the worsening crisis, which led to growing social discontent.",
"A massive capital flight was responded to with a freezing of bank accounts, generating further turmoil.",
"The December 2001 riots forced him to resign.",
"Congress appointed Eduardo Duhalde as acting president, who abrogated the fixed exchange rate established by Menem.",
"By the late 2002 the economic crisis began to recess, but the assassination of two \"piqueteros\" by the police caused political commotion, prompting Duhalde to move elections forward.",
"Néstor Kirchner was elected as the new president.",
"Boosting the neo-keynesian economic policies laid by Duhalde, Kirchner ended the economic crisis attaining significant fiscal and trade surpluses, and steep GDP growth.",
"Under his administration Argentina restructured its defaulted debt with an unprecedented discount of about 70% on most bonds, paid off debts with the International Monetary Fund, purged the military from officers with doubtful human rights records, ruled the Full Stop and Due Obedience laws as unconstitutional, and resumed legal prosecution of the Juntas' crimes.",
"He did not run for reelection, promoting instead the candidacy of his wife, senator Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who was elected in 2007 and reelected in 2011."
] | [
3
] |
Politics | What sort of government does Algeria have? | Algeria | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"Algeria is an authoritarian regime, according to the Democracy Index 2010.",
"The Freedom of the Press 2009 report gives it rating \"Not Free\".",
"Elected politicians are considered to have relatively little sway over Algeria.",
"Instead, a group of unelected civilian and military \"décideurs\", known as \"le pouvoir\" (\"the power\"), actually rule the country, even deciding who should be president.",
"The most powerful man may be Mohamed Mediène, head of the military intelligence.",
"In recent years, many of these generals have died or retired.",
"After the death of General Larbi Belkheir, Bouteflika put loyalists in key posts, notably at Sonatrach, and secured constitutional amendments that make him re-electable indefinitely.",
"The head of state is the president of Algeria, who is elected for a five-year term.",
"The president was formerly limited to two five-year terms, but a constitutional amendment passed by the Parliament on 11 November 2008 removed this limitation.",
"Algeria has universal suffrage at 18 years of age.",
"The President is the head of the army, the Council of Ministers and the High Security Council.",
"He appoints the Prime Minister who is also the head of government.",
"The Algerian parliament is bicameral; the lower house, the People's National Assembly, has 462 members who are directly elected for five-year terms, while the upper house, the Council of the Nation, has 144 members serving six-year terms, of which 96 members are chosen by local assemblies and 48 are appointed by the president.",
"According to the constitution, no political association may be formed if it is \"based on differences in religion, language, race, gender, profession or region\".",
"In addition, political campaigns must be exempt from the aforementioned subjects.",
"Parliamentary elections were last held in May 2012, and were judged to be largely free by international monitors, though local groups alleged fraud and irregularities.",
"In the elections, the FLN won 221 seats, the military-backed National Rally for Democracy won 70, and the Islamist Green Algeria Alliance won 47."
] | [
0
] |
Literature | How long does Arabic literature date back to? | Tunisia | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Tunisian literature exists in two forms: Arabic and French.",
"Arabic literature dates back to the 7th century with the arrival of Arab civilization in the region.",
"It is more important in both volume and value than French literature, introduced during the French protectorate from 1881.",
"Among the literary figures include Ali Douagi, who has produced more than 150 radio stories, over 500 poems and folk songs and nearly 15 plays, Khraief Bashir, an Arabic novelist who published many notable books in the 1930s and which caused a scandal because the dialogues were written in Tunisian dialect, and others such as Moncef Ghachem, Mohamed Salah Ben Mrad or Mahmoud Messaadi.",
"As for poetry, Tunisian poetry typically opts for nonconformity and innovation with poets such as Aboul-Qacem Echebbi.",
"As for literature in French, it is characterized by its critical approach.",
"Contrary to the pessimism of Albert Memmi, who predicted that literature Tunisian was sentenced to die young, a high number of Tunisian writers are abroad including Abdelwahab Meddeb, Bakri Tahar, Mustapha Tlili, Hele Beji or Mellah Fawzi.",
"The themes of wandering, exile and heartbreak are the focus of their creative writing.",
"The national bibliography lists 1249 non-school books published in 2002 in Tunisia, with 885 titles in Arabic.",
"In 2006 this figure had increased to 1,500 and 1,700 in 2007.",
"Nearly a third of the books are published for children."
] | [
5
] |
Accolades | What movie won the Oscar for Best Sound Editing and tied with Skyfall? | Zero Dark Thirty | true | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Zero Dark Thirty\" was nominated for five Academy Awards at the 85th Academy Awards, including Best Picture,Best Actress, Best Original Screenplay, Best Sound Editing and Best Film Editing.",
"Paul N. J. Ottosson won the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing, tying with \"Skyfall\".",
"This was only the sixth tie in Academy Awards history, and the first since 1994.",
"\"Zero Dark Thirty\" was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards at the 70th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Screenplay, with Chastain winning Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama.",
"The Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association's award for Best Director was given to Bigelow, the second time the honor has gone to a woman (the first also being Bigelow for \"The Hurt Locker\").",
"The film swept critics groups' awards for Best Director and Best Picture including the Washington D.C., New York Film Critics Online, Chicago and Boston film critics associations."
] | [
0
] |
Architecture | What was the purpose of the Gargoyles at Notre Dame de Paris? | Notre Dame de Paris | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
4
] | [
"Notre-Dame de Paris was among the first buildings in the world to use the flying buttress (arched exterior supports).",
"The building was not originally designed to include the flying buttresses around the choir and nave but after the construction began, the thinner walls (popularized in the Gothic style) grew ever higher and stress fractures began to occur as the walls pushed outward.",
"In response, the cathedral's architects built supports around the outside walls, and later additions continued the pattern.",
"Many small individually crafted statues were placed around the outside to serve as column supports and water spouts.",
"Among these are the famous gargoyles, designed for water run-off, and chimeras.",
"The statues were originally colored as was most of the exterior.",
"The paint has worn off, but the gray stone was once covered with vivid colors.",
"The cathedral was essentially complete by 1345.",
"The cathedral has a narrow climb of 387 steps at the top of several spiral staircases; along the climb it is possible to view its most famous bell and its gargoyles in close quarters, as well as having a spectacular view across Paris when reaching the top.",
"The design of St. Peter's Anglican Cathedral in Adelaide, Australia was inspired by Notre-Dame de Paris."
] | [
0
] |
Controversies | When did Harwit resign? | National Air and Space Museum | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
5
] | [
"Controversy erupted in March 1994 over a proposed commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Japan.",
"The centerpiece of the exhibit was the \"Enola Gay\", the B-29 bomber that dropped the A-bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.",
"Veterans' groups, led by the Air Force Association and The Retired Officers Association, argued strongly that the exhibit's inclusion of Japanese accounts and photographs of victims politicized the exhibit and insulted U.S. airmen.",
"Also disputed was the predicted number of U.S. casualties that would have resulted from an invasion of Japan, had that been necessary, after the museum director, Martin O. Harwit, unilaterally reduced the figure by 75% on January 9, 1995, at the height of the dispute.",
"On January 18 the American Legion called for a congressional investigation of the matter, and on January 24, 1995, 81 members of Congress called for Harwit's resignation.",
"Harwit was forced to resign on May 2.",
"Although the exhibit was \"radically reduced\" and criticized by the \"New York Times\" as \"the most diminished display in Smithsonian history,\" the Air and Space Museum placed the forward fuselage of the \"Enola Gay\" and other items on display as part of a non-political historical exhibition.",
"Within a year, it had drawn more than a million visitors, making it the most popular special exhibition in the history of the NASM, and when the exhibition closed in May 1998, it had drawn nearly four million visitors.",
"On October 8, 2011, the museum was temporarily closed after demonstrators associated with the Occupy D.C. demonstration attempted to enter the museum.",
"Some protesters were pepper sprayed by museum security after a guard was pinned against a wall.",
"One woman was arrested.",
"On December 5, 2013, Smithsonian food workers protested about a living wage.",
"A journalist was detained for filming."
] | [
2
] |
American nurses | How many female soldiers were serving in Vietnam by 1973? | Vietnam War | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
18
] | [
"Women in the Vietnam War.",
"American nurses.",
"During the Vietnam War, American women served on active duty doing a variety of jobs.",
"Early in 1963, the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) launched Operation Nightingale, an intensive effort to recruit nurses to serve in Vietnam.",
"Most nurses who volunteered to serve in Vietnam came from predominantly working or middle-class families with histories of military service.",
"The majority of these women were white Catholics and Protestants.",
"Because the need for medical aid was great, many nurses underwent a concentrated four-month training program before being deployed to Vietnam in the ANC.",
"Due to the shortage of staff, nurses usually worked twelve-hour shifts, six days per week and often suffered from exhaustion.",
"First Lieutenant Sharon Lane was the only female military nurse to be killed by enemy gunfire during the war, on 8 June 1969.",
"At the start of the Vietnam War, it was commonly thought that American women had no place in the military.",
"Their traditional place had been in the domestic sphere, but with the war came opportunity for the expansion of gender roles.",
"In Vietnam, women held a variety of jobs which included operating complex data processing equipment and serving as stenographers.",
"Although a small number of women were assigned to combat zones, they were never allowed directly in the field of battle.",
"The women who served in the military were solely volunteers.",
"They faced a plethora of challenges, one of which was the relatively small number of female soldiers.",
"Living in a male-dominated environment created tensions between the sexes.",
"While this high male to female ratio was often uncomfortable for women, many men reported that having women in the field with them boosted their morale.",
"Although this was not the women's purpose, it was one positive result of the their service.",
"By 1973, approximately 7,500 women had served in Vietnam in the Southeast Asian theater.",
"In that same year, the military lifted the prohibition on women entering the armed forces.",
"American women serving in Vietnam were subject to societal stereotypes.",
"Many Americans either considered females serving in Vietnam masculine for living under the army discipline, or judged them to be women of questionable moral character who enlisted for the sole purpose of seducing men.",
"To address this problem, the ANC released advertisements portraying women in the ANC as \"proper, professional and well protected.\"",
"(26) This effort to highlight the positive aspects of a nursing career reflected the ideas of second-wave feminism that occurred during the 1960s–1970s in the United States.",
"Although female military nurses lived in a heavily male environment, very few cases of sexual harassment were ever reported.",
"In 2008, by contrast, approximately one-third of women in the military felt that they had been sexually harassed compared with one-third of men."
] | [
5
] |
France and other French-speaking countries | When was French Fried Potatoes first used? | French fries | false | 9FOOD
| [
7
] | [
"In France and other French-speaking countries, fried potatoes are formally \"pommes de terre frites\", but more commonly \"pommes frites\", \"patates frites\", or simply \"frites\".",
"The word \"\"aiguillettes\"\" or \"allumettes\" is used when the chips are very small and thin.",
"One enduring origin story holds that French Fries were invented by street vendors on the Pont Neuf bridge in Paris in 1789, just before the outbreak of the French revolution.",
"Eating potatoes was promoted in France by Parmentier, but he did not mention fried potatoes in particular.",
"Many Americans attribute the dish to France and offer as evidence a notation by U.S. President Thomas Jefferson.",
"\"\"Pommes de terre frites à cru, en petites tranches\"\" (\"Potatoes deep-fried while raw, in small cuttings\") in a manuscript in Thomas Jefferson's hand (circa 1801–1809) and the recipe almost certainly comes from his French chef, Honoré Julien.",
"In addition, from 1813 on, recipes for what can be described as French fries occur in popular American cookbooks.",
"By the late 1850s, one of these uses the term \"French fried potatoes\".",
"\"Frites\" are the main ingredient in the Canadian dish of Québécois descent known in both Canadian English and French as poutine, consisting of fried potatoes covered with cheese curds and gravy, a dish with a growing number of variations."
] | [
2
] |
"The Victors" | Who's real-life execution inspired the scene in the movie that used the song? | Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas | false | 0MUSIC
| [
3
] | [
"Frank Sinatra's version was controversially used by director Carl Foreman in his 1963 anti-war film \"The Victors\" as the soundtrack backdrop (along with the carol \"Hark!",
"The Herald Angels Sing\") to the execution by firing squad of a G.I.",
"deserter in a bleak, snowy field on Christmas Eve - a scene inspired by the real-life execution of Pvt.",
"Eddie Slovik in 1945.",
"The \"New York Times\" film reviewer, while recognising the power of the scene, complained that \"the device itself is almost as specious and sentimental as what is trying to mock.\""
] | [
3
] |
Cinema | What did the first Italian film show? | Italy | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"The history of Italian cinema began a few months after the Lumière brothers began motion picture exhibitions.",
"The first Italian film was a few seconds, showing Pope Leo XIII giving a blessing to the camera.",
"The Italian film industry was born between 1903 and 1908 with three companies: the Società Italiana Cines, the Ambrosio Film and the Itala Film.",
"Other companies soon followed in Milan and in Naples.",
"In a short time these first companies reached a fair producing quality, and films were soon sold outside Italy.",
"Cinema was later used by Benito Mussolini, who founded Rome's renowned Cinecittà studio for the production of Fascist propaganda until World War II.",
"After the war, Italian film was widely recognised and exported until an artistic decline around the 1980s.",
"Notable Italian film directors from this period include Vittorio De Sica, Federico Fellini, Sergio Leone, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Luchino Visconti, Michelangelo Antonioni and Dario Argento.",
"Movies include world cinema treasures such as \"La dolce vita\", \"The Good, the Bad and the Ugly\" and \"Bicycle Thieves\".",
"The mid-1940s to the early 1950s was the heyday of neorealist films, reflecting the poor condition of post-war Italy.",
"As the country grew wealthier in the 1950s, a form of neorealism known as pink neorealism succeeded, and other film genres, such as sword-and-sandal followed as spaghetti westerns, were popular in the 1960s and 1970s.",
"In recent years, the Italian scene has received only occasional international attention, with movies like \"La vita è bella\" directed by Roberto Benigni, \"Il postino\" with Massimo Troisi and \"La grande bellezza\" directed by Paolo Sorrentino"
] | [
0
] |
Military | What was Thailand's military spending in 2011? | Thailand | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
6
] | [
"The Royal Thai Armed Forces ( constitute the military of the Kingdom of Thailand.",
"They consist of the Royal Thai Army (กองทัพบกไทย), the Royal Thai Navy (กองทัพเรือไทย), and the Royal Thai Air Force (กองทัพอากาศไทย).",
"It also incorporates various paramilitary forces.",
"Currently, the Royal Thai Armed Forces has a combined manpower of about 800,000 personnel.",
"The Head of the Thai Armed Forces (จอมทัพไทย, \"Chom Thap Thai\") is King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), although this position is only nominal.",
"The Armed Forces is managed by the Ministry of Defence of Thailand, which is headed by the Minister of Defence (a member of the Cabinet of Thailand) and commanded by the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters, which in turn is headed by the Chief of Defence Forces of Thailand.",
"In 2011, Thailand's known military expenditure totalled approximately US$5.1 billion.",
"According to the constitution, serving in the Armed Forces is a duty of all Thai citizens.",
"However, only males over the age of 21, who have not gone through reserve training of the Army Reserve Force Students, are given the option of whether they want to volunteer for the armed forces, or choose the random draft.",
"The candidates are subjected to varying lengths of training, from six months to two years of full-time service, depending on their education, whether they have partially completed the reserve training course, and whether they volunteered prior to the drafting date (usually 1 April every year).",
"Candidates with a recognized bachelor's degree will be subjected to one year of full-time service if they chose the random draft, or six months if they volunteer at their respective district office (สัสดี, \"satsadi\").",
"Likewise, the training length is also reduced for those who have partially completed the three-year reserve training course (ร.ด., \"ro do\").",
"A person who completed one year out of three will only have to serve full-time for one year.",
"Those who completed two years of reserve training will only have to do six months of full-time training, while those who complete three years or more of reserve training will be exempted entirely.",
"The Royal Thai Armed Forces Day is celebrated on 18 January, commemorating the victory of King Naresuan the Great in battle against the Crown Prince of Burma in 1593."
] | [
0
] |
Non-dairy yogurt substitutes | Is it possible to produce genuine yogurt from plant sources? | Yogurt | false | 9FOOD
| [
2
] | [
"Various manufacturers have endeavoured to produce plant-based substitutes for yogurt, using soy milk, nut milks such as almond milk, and coconut milk, for consumers who are unable to tolerate dairy products in any form.",
"Although \"Lactobacillus\" strains exist that can produce lactic acid from plant-derived feed stock (\"e.g.\"",
"sauerkraut), since plants do not produce lactose, it is not possible to produce genuine yogurt from plant sources with the same bacteria cultures used to convert milk into yogurt."
] | [] |
Synopsis | How does the video for "One More Night" begin? | One More Night (Maroon 5 song) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"The video for \"One More Night\" opens with two goldfish swimming around in a spheric bowl before segueing into a sequence where the seemingly idyllic home life Levine enjoys with video girlfriend Minka Kelly and their baby daughter is set against scenes of his hands being wrapped and of him training in a boxing ring.",
"At home, he eats a protein-heavy meal and revels in his baby girl's laughter as he holds her high in the air.",
"But all is not well, as frequent cuts to Kelly's concerned frown let on.",
"The writing is on the wall when he has to leave for a big fight and before he leaves, he pretends to soft box his baby daughter.",
"As he steps into the ring to cheers, she packs her bags.",
"He wins the fight, but when he returns home battered from the battle, he finds he's lost everything that really mattered.",
"Kelly and their child are gone and all that's left are the relics of his profession — trophies, a jump rope, a few pictures and a lone goldfish."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | What was the Lion King release date? | The Lion King | false | 6MOVIES
| [
15
] | [
"The Lion King is a 1994 American animated musical adventure film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures.",
"It is the 32nd animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series.",
"The story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa, and was influenced by the biblical tales of Joseph and Moses and the Shakespeare play \"Hamlet\".",
"The film was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance.",
"\"The Lion King\" was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, produced by Don Hahn, and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts and Linda Woolverton.",
"The film features a large ensemble voice cast led by Matthew Broderick, Jeremy Irons, James Earl Jones, Jonathan Taylor Thomas and Moira Kelly.",
"It tells the story of Simba, a young lion who is to succeed his father, Mufasa, as king; however, after Simba's uncle Scar murders Mufasa, Simba is fooled into thinking he was responsible and flees into exile in shame and despair.",
"Upon maturation living with two wastrels, Simba is given some valuable perspective from his friend, Nala, and his shaman, Rafiki, before returning to challenge Scar to end his tyranny.",
"Development of \"The Lion King\" began in 1988 during a meeting between Jeffrey Katzenberg, Roy E. Disney and Peter Schneider while promoting \"Oliver & Company\" in Europe.",
"Thomas Disch wrote a film treatment, and Woolverton developed the first scripts while George Scribner was signed on as director, being later joined by Allers.",
"Production began in 1991, with most of the animators inexperienced or uninterested in animals as most of the Disney team wanted to work on \"Pocahontas\" instead.",
"Some time after the staff traveled to Hell's Gate National Park to research on the film's setting and animals, Scribner left production disagreeing with the decision to turn the film into a musical, and was replaced by Minkoff.",
"When Hahn joined the project, he was dissatisfied with the script and the story was promptly rewritten.",
"Nearly 20 minutes of animation sequences took place at Disney-MGM Studios in Florida.",
"Computer animation was also used in several scenes, most notably in the wildebeest stampede scene.",
"\"The Lion King\" was released on June 15, 1994 to a positive reaction from critics, who praised the film for its music and story.",
"Following a 3D re-release in 2011, with earnings of over US$987 million worldwide as of 2011, the film is the highest-grossing hand-drawn film in history, the highest-grossing 2D animated film in the United States and the 19th-highest-grossing feature film of all time.",
"\"The Lion King\" garnered two Academy Awards for its achievement in music and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.",
"Its songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, with an original score by Hans Zimmer.",
"The film lead to many derived works, such as a Broadway adaptation, two direct-to-video follow-ups - sequel \"\" (1998) and the prequel/parallel \"The Lion King 1½\" (2004) - and spin-off series \"Timon and Pumbaa\"."
] | [
0
] |
Critical reception | Where did Rolling Stone place "Hey Jude" on it's list of best Beatles songs? | Hey Jude | false | 0MUSIC
| [
12
] | [
"Upon the release of the \"Hey Jude\" single, \"Time\" contrasted it with its B-side \"Revolution.\"",
"\"Time\" wrote, \"The other side of the new disk urges activism of a different sort\" due to McCartney \"liltingly exhorta friend to overcome his fears and commit himself in love.\"",
"Robert Christgau of \"The Village Voice\" called it \"one of his truest and most forthright love songs\" and was critical of its omission from \"The Beatles\".",
"Music analyst Alan Pollack praised \"Hey Jude,\" saying, \"it's such a good illustration of two compositional lessons—how to fill a large canvas with simple means, and how to use diverse elements such as harmony, bassline, and orchestration to articulate form and contrast.\"",
"He also said it is unusual for a long song because it uses a \"binary form that combines a fully developed, hymn-like song together with an extended, mantra-like jam on a simple chord progression.\"",
"Pollack described the song's long coda and fadeout as \"an astonishingly transcendental effect,\" while Unterberger observed, \"What could have very easily been boring is instead hypnotic\".",
"John Lennon said \"Hey Jude\" was \"one of his [Paul's masterpieces.",
"\"\"Hey Jude\" was nominated for the Grammy Awards of 1969 in the Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal categories but failed to win any of them.",
"It did win the 1968 Ivor Novello Award for \"A-Side With the Highest Sales\".",
"In the 1968 \"NME\" Readers' Poll, \"Hey Jude\" was named the best single of the year.",
"In 2001, \"Hey Jude\" was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Hall of Fame.",
"In 2004 and later in 2010, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked the song at number eight on \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time,\" making it the highest ranked Beatles song on the list.",
"Also in 2010, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked the song at number seven on the Beatles' 100 Greatest Songs.",
"It came in third on Channel 4's list of 100 Greatest Singles.",
"The Amusement & Music Operators Association ranked \"Hey Jude\" the 11th-best jukebox single of all time.",
"It was also voted the greatest song of all time by \"Mojo\" readers."
] | [
4
] |
Architecture | What is the museums floorplan design and who was the architect? | National Air and Space Museum | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"Because of the museum's close proximity to the United States Capitol, the Smithsonian wanted a building that would be architecturally impressive but would not stand out too boldly against the Capitol building.",
"St. Louis-based architect Gyo Obata of HOK designed the museum as four simple marble-encased cubes containing the smaller and more theatrical exhibits, connected by three spacious steel-and-glass atria which house the larger exhibits such as missiles, airplanes and spacecraft.",
"The mass of the museum is similar to the National Gallery of Art across the National Mall, and uses the same pink Tennessee marble as the National Gallery.",
"Built by Gilbane Building Company, the museum was completed in 1976.",
"The west glass wall of the building is used for the installation of airplanes, functioning as a giant door.",
"Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum also designed the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Virginia."
] | [
0,
3
] |
1953 overrun | Why was the hole from the 1953 overrun temporarily hidden? | Union Station (Washington, D.C.) | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
11
] | [
"On the morning of January 15, 1953, the Pennsylvania Railroad's \"Federal\", the overnight train from Boston, crashed into the station.",
"When the engineer tried to apply the trainline brakes two miles out of the platforms, he discovered that he only had engine brakes.",
"He radioed a warning ahead, and the concourse was cleared as the train coasted downhill into track 16.",
"The GG1 locomotive, No.",
"4876, hit the bumper block at about , jumped onto the platform, destroyed the stationmaster’s office at the end of the track, took out a newsstand, and was on its way to crashing through the wall into the Great Hall.",
"Just then, the floor of the terminal, having never been designed to carry the weight of a locomotive, gave way, dropping the engine into the basement.",
"The electric locomotive fell into about the center of what is now the food court.",
"Remarkably, no one was killed, and passengers in the rear cars thought that they had only had a rough stop.",
"An investigation revealed that an anglecock on the brakeline had been closed, probably by an icicle knocked from an overhead bridge.",
"The accident inspired the finale of the 1976 film \"Silver Streak\".",
"The durable design of the GG1 made its damage repairable, and it was soon back in service after being hauled away in pieces to the PRR's main shops in Altoona, Pennsylvania.",
"Before the latter action was undertaken, however, the GG1 and the hole it made were temporarily planked over and hidden from view due to the imminent inauguration of General Dwight D. Eisenhower as the thirty-fourth President of the United States."
] | [
1
] |
Photoelectric effect | How has Plankc's and Einstein's theory changed physics and when was it postulated? | Electromagnetism | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
5,
6
] | [
"In another paper published in that same year, Albert Einstein undermined the very foundations of classical electromagnetism.",
"In his theory of the photoelectric effect (for which he won the Nobel prize for physics) and inspired by the idea of Max Planck's \"quanta\", he posited that light could exist in discrete particle-like quantities as well, which later came to be known as photons.",
"Einstein's theory of the photoelectric effect extended the insights that appeared in the solution of the ultraviolet catastrophe presented by Max Planck in 1900.",
"In his work, Planck showed that hot objects emit electromagnetic radiation in discrete packets (\"quanta\"), which leads to a finite total energy emitted as black body radiation.",
"Both of these results were in direct contradiction with the classical view of light as a continuous wave.",
"Planck's and Einstein's theories were progenitors of quantum mechanics, which, when formulated in 1925, necessitated the invention of a quantum theory of electromagnetism.",
"This theory, completed in the 1940s-1950s, is known as quantum electrodynamics (or \"QED\"), and, in situations where perturbation theory is applicable, is one of the most accurate theories known to physics."
] | [
2,
5
] |
Cézanne and Cubism | What is generally referred to as the first Cubist picture? | Les Demoiselles d'Avignon | false | 3ART
| [
3
] | [
"Both Paul Gauguin (1848–1903) and Paul Cézanne (1839–1906) were accorded major posthumous retrospective exhibitions at the Salon d'Automne in Paris between 1903 and 1907, and both were important influences on Picasso and instrumental to his creation of \"Les Demoiselles.\"",
"According to the English art historian, collector and author of \"The Cubist Epoch\", Douglas Cooper, both of those artists were particularly influential to the formation of Cubism and especially important to the paintings of Picasso during 1906 and 1907. Cooper goes on to say however \"Les Demoiselles\" is often erroneously referred to as the first cubist painting.",
"He explains, ",
"The \"Demoiselles\" is generally referred to as the first Cubist picture.",
"This is an exaggeration, for although it was a major first step towards Cubism it is not yet Cubist.",
"The disruptive, expressionist element in it is even contrary to the spirit of Cubism, which looked at the world in a detached, realistic spirit.",
"Nevertheless, the \"Demoiselles\" is the logical picture to take as the starting point for Cubism, because it marks the birth of a new pictorial idiom, because in it Picasso violently overturned established conventions and because all that followed grew out of it.",
"Although not well known to the general public prior to 1906, Cézanne's reputation was highly regarded in avant-garde circles, as evidenced by Ambroise Vollard's interest in showing and collecting his work, and by Leo Stein's interest.",
"Picasso was familiar with much of Cézanne's work that he saw at Vollard's gallery and at the Stein's.",
"After Cézanne died in 1906, his paintings were exhibited in Paris in a large scale museum-like retrospective in September 1907.",
"The 1907 Cézanne retrospective at the Salon d'Automne greatly impacted the direction that the avant-garde in Paris took, lending credence to his position as one of the most influential artists of the 19th century and to the advent of Cubism.",
"The 1907 Cézanne exhibition was enormously influential in establishing Cézanne as an important painter whose ideas were particularly resonant especially to young artists in Paris.",
"Both Picasso and Braque found the inspiration for their proto-Cubist works in Paul Cézanne, who said to observe and learn to see and treat nature as if it were composed of basic shapes like \"cubes, spheres, cylinders, and cones.\"",
"Cézanne's explorations of geometric simplification and optical phenomena inspired Picasso, Braque, Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay, Le Fauconnier, Gris and others to experiment with ever more complex multiple views of the same subject, and, eventually to the fracturing of form.",
"Cézanne thus sparked one of the most revolutionary areas of artistic enquiry of the 20th century, one which was to affect profoundly the development of modern art.",
"Picasso drew each of the figures in \"Les Demoiselles\" differently.",
"The woman pulling the curtain on the far right is rendered with heavy paint.",
"Composed of sharp geometric shapes, her head is the most strictly cubist of all five.",
"The heads of the crouching figure underwent at least two revisions from an Iberian figure to its current state.",
"Much of the critical debate that has taken place over the years centers on attempting to account for this multiplicity of styles within the work.",
"The dominant understanding for over five decades, espoused most notably by Alfred Barr, the first director of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City and organizer of major career retrospectives for the artist, has been that it can be interpreted as evidence of a transitional period in Picasso's art, an effort to connect his earlier work to Cubism, the style he would help invent and develop over the next five or six years."
] | [
0
] |
Grand Central Terminal | What years was the building torn down and replaced? | Grand Central Terminal | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"Between 1903 and 1913, the entire building was torn down in phases and replaced by the current Grand Central Terminal, which was designed by the architectural firms of Reed and Stem and Warren and Wetmore, who entered an agreement to act as the associated architects of Grand Central Terminal in February 1904.",
"Reed & Stem were responsible for the overall design of the station, Warren and Wetmore added architectural details and the Beaux-Arts style.",
"Charles Reed was appointed the chief executive for the collaboration between the two firms, and promptly appointed Alfred T. Fellheimer as head of the combined design team.",
"This work was accompanied by the \"electrification\" of the three railroads using the station and the burial of the approach in the Park Avenue tunnel.",
"The result of this was the creation of several blocks worth of prime real estate in Manhattan, which were then sold for a large sum of money.",
"In addition, the terminal itself contains support structures for a possible future tower to be built above it.",
"The new terminal opened on February 2, 1913.",
"The terminal is made primarily from granite.",
"In fact, so much granite is used, the building emits relatively high levels of radiation on a regular basis."
] | [
0
] |
Music | Who wrote and performed songs for the film "Despicable Me"? | Despicable Me | false | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"",
"\"Despicable Me: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\" is the soundtrack to the film of the same name, and it was released on July 6, 2010.",
"It featured new songs from the film written and performed by Pharrell Williams, and performances by Destinee & Paris, The Sylvers, Robin Thicke and The Bee Gees."
] | [
3
] |
Ticket price | What section of the day features discounted tickets for Tokyo Disneyland? | Tokyo Disneyland | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
5
] | [
"The ticket prices vary from one package to another and these can be found at the company's website.",
"Standard one and two day tickets do not allow park hopping to Tokyo DisneySea, must be used on consecutive days and are date specific.",
"Instead users must state upon purchase the dates they wish to visit each park.",
"Three and Four day tickets allow park hopping on the third and fourth days, but again must be used consecutively.",
"Annual passes are available for either a single or both parks, though require a considerable number of visits to achieve a saving over regular day tickets.",
"A night pass is also available for a discounted price during the night hours only."
] | [
0
] |
Origin | How did the French croissant get its name? | Croissant | false | 9FOOD
| [
4
] | [
"The Kipferl, ancestor of the croissant, has been documented in Austria going back at least as far as the 13th century, in various shapes.",
"The Kipferl can be made plain or with nut or other fillings (some consider the rugelach a form of Kipferl).",
"The \"birth\" of the croissant itself – that is, its adaptation from the plainer form of Kipferl, before the invention of Viennoiserie – can be dated with some precision to at latest 1839 (some say 1838), when an Austrian artillery officer, August Zang, founded a Viennese bakery (\"Boulangerie Viennoise\") at 92, rue de Richelieu in Paris.",
"This bakery, which served Viennese specialities including the Kipferl and the Vienna loaf, quickly became popular and inspired French imitators (and the concept, if not the term, viennoiserie, a 20th-century term for supposedly Vienna-style pastries).",
"The French version of the Kipferl was named for its crescent (\"croissant\") shape and has become a identifiable shape across the world.",
"Alan Davidson, editor of the \"Oxford Companion to Food\", found no printed recipe for the present-day croissant in any French recipe book before the early 20th century; the earliest French reference to a croissant he found was among the \"fantasy or luxury breads\" in Payen's \"Des substances alimentaires\", 1853.",
"However, early recipes for non-laminated croissants can be found in the nineteenth century and at least one reference to croissants as an established French bread appeared as early as 1850.",
"Zang himself returned to Austria in 1848 to become a press magnate, but the bakery remained popular for some time after, and was mentioned in several works of the time: \"This same M. Zank ...founded around 1830 , in Paris, the famous Boulangerie viennoise\".",
"Several sources praise this bakery's products: \"Paris is of exquisite delicacy; and, in particular, the succulent products of the Boulangerie Viennoise\"; \"which seemed to us as fine as if it came from the Viennese bakery on the rue de Richelieu\".",
"By 1869, the croissant was well established enough to be mentioned as a breakfast staple, and in 1872, Charles Dickens wrote (in his periodical \"All the Year Round\") of: the workman's pain de ménage and the soldier's pain de munition, to the dainty croissant on the boudoir tableThe puff pastry technique which now characterizes the croissant was already mentioned in the late 17th century, when La Varenne's \"Le Cuisinier françois\" gave a recipe for it in the 1680 – and possibly earlier – editions.",
"It was typically used, not on its own, but for shells holding other ingredients (as in a vol-au-vent).",
"But it does not appear to be mentioned in relation to the croissant until the twentieth century."
] | [
5
] |
Sirloin steak | How can i cook the steak? | Steak | true | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"The sirloin steak is a portion of the sirloin part of the cow which is near the cow's rear, the nearer the meat is from the rear, the tenderer it is likely to be, like the rump steak.",
"Although there are two parts of the sirloin: upper sirloin is generally more expensive than the lower sirloin because it is more tender.",
"Sirloin steaks are often served at steakhouses and are often accompanied with French fries and vegetables such as broccoli, carrot or peas.",
"They are usually cooked by grilling or frying."
] | [
5
] |
Stroke play | Who commonly plays stroke play? | Golf | false | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"In stroke play, the score achieved for each and every hole of the round or tournament is added to produce the total score, and the player with the lowest score wins.",
"Stroke play is the game most commonly played by professional golfers.",
"If there is a tie after the regulation number of holes in a professional tournament, a playoff takes place between all tied players.",
"Playoffs either are sudden death or employ a pre-determined number of holes, anywhere from three to a full 18.",
"In sudden death, a player who scores lower on a hole than all of his opponents wins the match.",
"If at least two players remain tied after such a playoff using a pre-determined number of holes, then play continues in sudden death format, where the first player to win a hole wins the tournament."
] | [
3
] |
Live performances | At what point did Swift first perform the track live? | We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together | true | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
" Swift performed the song live for the first time at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards on September 6, 2012, which was held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles.",
"Swift was the last performance of the night and, wearing a red and white striped shirt and black shorts, began her performance in an area resembling a recording studio before taking the stage along with her back-up singers, dancers and band (in animal costumes) took the stage.",
" Swift also performed the song live at the iHeartRadio Music Festival.",
" She performed the song on the British version of \"The X Factor\" on October 14, 2012.",
" Swift performed the song on the German TV show \"Schlag Den Raab\".",
" On January 25, 2013, Swift performed \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\" at the Los Premios 40 Principales in Spain.",
" The next day, she performed it in Cannes, France during the NRJ Music Awards.",
" On February 10, 2013, Swift performed the song at the 2013 Grammy Awards, opening the ceremony.",
" She performs the song on her Red Tour nightly as the finale."
] | [
0
] |
Clothing and fashion | When was Pakistan's first fashion week held? | Pakistan | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
9
] | [
"The shalwar kameez is the national dress of Pakistan and is worn by men and women in all four provinces Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa and FATA in the country and in Azad Kashmir.",
"Each province has its own style of wearing the Shalwar Qameez.",
"Pakistanis wairclothes range from exquisite colors and designs to the type of fabric (silk, chiffon, cotton, etc.",
"Pakistani fashion has flourished well in the changing environment of fashion world.",
"Since Pakistan came into being its fashion has been historically evolved from different phases and made its unique identity apart from Indian fashion and culture.",
"At this time, Pakistani fashion is a combination of traditional and modern dresses and it has become the cultural identification of Pakistan.",
"Despite of all modern trends, the regional and traditional dresses have developed their own significance as a symbol of native tradition.",
"This regional fashion is not static but evolving into more modern and pure forms.",
"The Pakistan Fashion Design Council based in Lahore organizes \"Fashion Week\" and Fashion Pakistan based in Karachi organizes fashion shows in that city.",
"Pakistan’s first fashion week was held in November 2009."
] | [
2
] |
Abstract | What year was the first recorded use of the term luge recorded? | Luge | false | 4SPORT
| [
7
] | [
"A luge is a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleds supine (face up) and feet-first.",
"Steering is done by flexing the sled's runners with the calf of each leg or exerting opposite shoulder pressure to the seat.",
"Racing sleds weigh 21–25 kilograms (46–55 lb) for singles and 25–30 kilograms (55–66 lb) for doubles.",
"Luge is also the name of an Olympic sport.",
"Lugers can reach speeds of 140 km per hour (87 mph).",
"Manuel Pfister of Austria, reached a top speed of 154 km per hour (95.69 mph) on the track in Whistler, Canada prior to the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics.",
"Lugers compete against a timer and are timed to a thousandth of a second, making luge one of the most precisely timed sports in the world.",
"The first recorded use of the term \"luge\" is 1905, from the Savoy/Swiss dialect of French \"luge\" meaning \"small coasting sled\", and is possibly from a Gaulish word with the same root as English sled."
] | [
0
] |
Recent major exhibitions | In what location will the exhibit be in June 2012? | Pablo Picasso | true | 3ART
| [
7
] | [
"",
"\"Picasso: Masterpieces from the Musée National Picasso, Paris,\" an exhibition of 150 paintings, sculptures, drawings, prints and photographs from the Musée National Picasso in Paris.",
"The exhibit touring schedule includes:",
" 8 October 2010 – 17 January 2011, Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Washington, US.",
" 19 February 2011 – 15 May 2011, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Virginia, US.",
" 11 June 2011 – 9 October 2011, M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, California, US.",
" 12 November 2011 – 25 March 2012, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney.",
" 28 April 2012 – 26 August 2012, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Who wrote the song "It Will Rain"? | It Will Rain | false | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"\"It Will Rain\" is a song by American artist Bruno Mars.",
"The song was released on iTunes for purchase on September 27, 2011.",
"An accompanying music video was planned to premiere on October 26, 2011 on MTV.",
"However, on October 24, 2011 Mars announced via Twitter that the music video had been delayed until a couple of weeks.",
"It eventually premiered on November 10, 2011.",
"The track appears on the soundtrack to the film \".",
"In his live tour in Europe, Skylar Grey was with him singing the song."
] | [
3
] |
A modern sport | When were modern sports derived from recreation? | Archery | true | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"The 1840s saw the first attempts at turning the recreation into a modern sport.",
"The first Grand National Archery Society meeting was held in York in 1844 and over the next decade the extravagant and festive practices of the past were gradually whittled away and the rules were standardised as the 'York Round' - a series of shoots at 60, 80, and 100 yards.",
"Horace A. Ford helped to improve archery standards and pioneered new archery techniques.",
"He won the Grand National 11 times in a row and published a highly influential guide to the sport in 1856.",
"Towards the end of the 19th century, the sport experienced declining participation as alternative sports such as croquet and tennis became more popular among the middle class.",
"By 1889, just 50 archery clubs were left in Britain, but it was still included as a sport at the 1900 Paris Olympics.",
"In the United States, primitive archery was revived in the early 20th century.",
"The last of the Yahi Indian tribe, a native known as Ishi, came out of hiding in California in 1911.",
"His doctor, Saxton Pope, learned many of Ishi's traditional archery skills, and popularized them.",
"The Pope and Young Club, founded in 1961 and named in honor of Pope and his friend, Arthur Young, became one of North America's leading bowhunting and conservation organizations.",
"Founded as a nonprofit scientific organization, the Club was patterned after the prestigious Boone and Crockett Club and advocated responsible bowhunting by promoting quality, fair chase hunting, and sound conservation practices.",
"From the 1920s, professional engineers took an interest in archery, previously the exclusive field of traditional craft experts.",
"They led the commercial development of new forms of bow including the modern recurve and compound bow.",
"These modern forms are now dominant in modern Western archery; traditional bows are in a minority.",
"In the 1980s, the skills of traditional archery were revived by American enthusiasts, and combined with the new scientific understanding.",
"Much of this expertise is available in the \"Traditional Bowyer's Bibles\" (see Additional reading).",
"Modern game archery owes much of its success to Fred Bear, an American bow hunter and bow manufacturer."
] | [
2
] |
Critical response | What percent did rotten tomatoes give it? | Teen Wolf | false | 1TV
| [
1
] | [
"Although the film was a modest hit for Atlantic Releasing Corporation, the film's critical reception was at best mixed.",
"Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 47% of 19 critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 4.8 out of 10.",
"Vincent Canby of \"The New York Times\" gave the film a negative review calling it \"aggressively boring\".",
"He went on to say that \"the film is overacted by everybody except Mr. Fox, who is seen to far better advantage in \"Back to the Future\".\""
] | [
0
] |
Law and crime | What is the murder rate in Venezuela? | Venezuela | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
9
] | [
"Corruption in Venezuela is high by world standards, and was so for much of the 20th century.",
"The discovery of oil had worsened political corruption, and by the late 1970s, Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso's description of oil as \"the Devil's excrement\" had become a common expression in Venezuela.",
"Venezuela has been ranked one of the most corrupt countries on the Corruption Perceptions Index since the survey started in 1995.",
"The 2010 ranking placed Venezuela at number 164, out of 178 ranked countries.",
"This corruption is shown with Venezuela's significant involvement in drug trafficking, with Colombian cocaine and other drugs transiting Venezuela towards the United States and Europe.",
"Venezuela ranks fourth in the world for cocaine seizures, behind Colombia, the United States, and Panama.",
"In 2006 the government's agency for combating the Illegal drug trade in Venezuela, \"ONA\", was incorporated into the office of the Vice-President of the country.",
"However, many major government and military officials have been known for their involvement with drug trafficking; especially with the October 2013 incident of men from the Venezuelan National Guard placing 1.3 tons of cocaine on a Paris flight knowing they will not face charges.",
"Venezuela is among the most violent places on Earth.",
"In Venezuela, a person is murdered every 21 minutes.",
"Violent crimes have been so prevalent in Venezuela that the government no longer produces the crime data.",
"In 2013, the homicide rate was approximately 79 per 100,000, one of the world’s highest, having quadrupled in the past 15 years with over 200,000 people murdered.",
"The country's body count of the previous decade mimics that of the Iraq War and in some instances had more civilian deaths even though the country is at peacetime.",
"The capital Caracas has one of the greatest homicide rates of any large city in the world, with 122 homicides per 100,000 residents.",
"In 2008, polls indicated that crime was the number one concern of voters.",
"Venezuela is especially dangerous toward foreign travelers and investors who are visiting.",
"This is due to the nation's class struggle and poor economy that is devoid of needed foreign currency.",
"The United States State Department and Government of Canada has warned foreign visitors that they may be subjected to robbery, kidnapping for a ransom or sale to terrorist organizations and murder, and that their own diplomatic travelers are required to travel in armored vehicles.",
"The United Kingdom's Foreign and Commonwealth Office has advised against all travel to Venezuela.",
"Visitors have been murdered during robberies and criminals do not discriminate against their victims.",
"Recently, former Miss Venezuela 2004 winner Monica Spear and her husband were murdered with her 5 year old daughter being shot while visiting, and an elderly German tourist was murdered only a few weeks later.",
"There are approximately 33 prisons holding about 50,000 inmates.",
"They include; El Rodeo outside of Caracas, Yare Prison in the northern state of Miranda, and several others.",
"Venezuela's prison system is heavily overcrowded; its facilities have capacity for only 14,000 prisoners."
] | [
0
] |
1953 overrun | Why did they hide the hole from 1953? | Union Station (Washington, D.C.) | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
11
] | [
"On the morning of January 15, 1953, the Pennsylvania Railroad's \"Federal\", the overnight train from Boston, crashed into the station.",
"When the engineer tried to apply the trainline brakes two miles out of the platforms, he discovered that he only had engine brakes.",
"He radioed a warning ahead, and the concourse was cleared as the train coasted downhill into track 16.",
"The GG1 locomotive, No.",
"4876, hit the bumper block at about , jumped onto the platform, destroyed the stationmaster’s office at the end of the track, took out a newsstand, and was on its way to crashing through the wall into the Great Hall.",
"Just then, the floor of the terminal, having never been designed to carry the weight of a locomotive, gave way, dropping the engine into the basement.",
"The electric locomotive fell into about the center of what is now the food court.",
"Remarkably, no one was killed, and passengers in the rear cars thought that they had only had a rough stop.",
"An investigation revealed that an anglecock on the brakeline had been closed, probably by an icicle knocked from an overhead bridge.",
"The accident inspired the finale of the 1976 film \"Silver Streak\".",
"The durable design of the GG1 made its damage repairable, and it was soon back in service after being hauled away in pieces to the PRR's main shops in Altoona, Pennsylvania.",
"Before the latter action was undertaken, however, the GG1 and the hole it made were temporarily planked over and hidden from view due to the imminent inauguration of General Dwight D. Eisenhower as the thirty-fourth President of the United States."
] | [
1
] |
Historical accuracy | At what point did Melvin Weinberg start toiling for his father? | American Hustle | true | 6MOVIES
| [
5
] | [
"",
"\"American Hustle\" does not attempt to directly document the events of Abscam.",
"The names are changed, and the film begins with the on-screen message, \"Some of this actually happened\".",
"Major departures from reality include:",
" In the film, Irving Rosenfeld begins a life of criminality when he smashes storefront windows as a child in order to provide more work for his father's glass-installation business.",
"In real life, Melvin Weinberg began working for his father only as an adult.",
"He did smash windows at that point, and according to one article after Abscam was revealed, it was indeed done to shore up business for Weinberg's father.",
"A later report, however, states that it was done at the behest of the local union, to punish businesses who used non-union glaziers.",
" In the film, Camden mayor Carmine Polito is shown as a selfless politician who gets involved in the scam only to provide jobs to his constituents; Irving feels so bad for Carmine that he engineers a reduced sentence for him.",
"In reality, though Camden mayor Angelo Errichetti was widely praised for caring about the people of Camden, he also had a reputation for committing crimes.",
"During the Abscam operation, he offered to get the fake sheikh into illegal businesses such as money counterfeiting and drug smuggling.",
"Though Weinberg developed a fondness for Errichetti as a man who \"didn't beat around the bush\", he made no attempt to protect Errichetti from prosecution.",
" Evelyn Knight, Weinberg's mistress on whom the character of Sydney Prosser is based, was involved in Weinberg's scams, though to a lesser extent than shown in the film; and she was not involved in Abscam.",
"She was also English, not an American impersonating an Englishwoman as shown in the film.",
" Weinberg's wife Cynthia Marie Weinberg, the basis for Rosalyn Rosenfeld, is not known to have had an affair with someone from the mafia, nor did she nearly blow Weinberg's cover.",
" The character of Richie DiMaso is based to some extent on federal agent Tony Amoroso, although in real life Amoroso was just one of a number of agents involved in setting up and executing the scam.",
" In the film, the sheikh is impersonated by a Mexican-American FBI agent with very limited Arabic.",
"In real life, the sheikh was played by two different agents: first briefly by an American, Mike Denehy, who spoke no Arabic, then by a Lebanese-American."
] | [
0
] |
Chop | What chop matches the topspin of the opponent's shot with a backspin? | Table tennis | true | 4SPORT
| [
3
] | [
"A chop is the defensive, backspin counterpart to the offensive loop drive.",
"A chop is essentially a bigger, heavier push, taken well back from the table.",
"The racket face points primarily horizontally, perhaps a little bit upward, and the direction of the stroke is straight down.",
"The object of a defensive chop is to match the topspin of the opponent's shot with backspin.",
"A good chop will float nearly horizontally back to the table, in some cases having so much backspin that the ball actually \"rises\".",
"Such a chop can be \"extremely\" difficult to return due to its enormous amount of backspin.",
"Some defensive players can also impart no-spin or sidespin variations of the chop."
] | [
0
] |
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