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Commercial performance | How long was "Rolling in the Deep" in the Billboard Top 10? | Rolling in the Deep | true | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"In the UK, \"Rolling in the Deep\" debuted at number 2 (her second number 2 debut, after \"Chasing Pavements\"), behind Bruno Mars's \"Grenade\".",
"The song spent the first ten weeks of its chart run in the top ten.",
"Upon its American release, \"Rolling in the Deep\" became Adele's second single to chart in the country.",
"The song debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 68 on 25 December 2010.",
"Later on, it became her first ever single to top a \"Billboard\" chart when it reached number one on the Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks chart in March 2011, and became her first number one hit in the country when it topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in May 2011.",
"As a result, Adele became the first British singer to have topped both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and \"Billboard\" 200 charts in the same week since Leona Lewis did the same back in 2008.",
"In its 24th charting week, \"Rolling in the Deep\" stayed at number-one, making it the latest single at the top since Lady Gaga's \"Just Dance\" spent its third and final week at number one in its 24th charting week as well.",
"It stayed on top of the chart for seven straight weeks, the second longest run in 2011 behind Rihanna's \"We Found Love\", which spent eight weeks on top in 2011, and two weeks in 2012.",
"It has been certified 7× platinum, making it only the second song by a British female artist to reach this feat since Leona Lewis' \"Bleeding Love\".",
"As of October 2013, \"Rolling in the Deep\" has sold 8 million digital copies in the United States, becoming the second song to sell 8 million downloads.",
"It is the second biggest selling digital song in the United States, and the biggest-selling digital song of all time.",
"As of 26 July 2011, \"Rolling in the Deep\" was the third best selling digital single across Europe with 1.26 million copies sold.",
"As of 5 November 2011 issue of \"Billboard\", it had been No.",
"1 on the Adult Contemporary chart for 19 consecutive weeks.",
"\"Rolling in the Deep\" has become her label XL Recordings' best selling single, overtaking M.I.A.",
"'s \"Paper Planes\" released in 2008 which until 2011 held the record.",
"The song became also the longest-charting release in Finland, peaking at number one and charting for 50 weeks."
] | [
5
] |
Holidays | When is the National Day of Romania? | Romania | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
2
] | [
"Since 2013, there are 14 non-working holidays.",
"In Romanian language, the consecrate Christian holidays have untranslatable correspondents, such as \"Rusalii\" (Pentecost), \"Dragobete\" (Valentine's Day) and \"Florii\" (Palm Sunday).",
"Nowadays, the National Day of Romania, a legal non-working holiday, is December the 1st, celebrated by military marches and manifestations across the country.",
"It commemorates the 1918 assembly of the delegates of all ethnic Romanians held in Alba Iulia, when the Union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania was declared upon.",
"During the communist regime, the national day was August the 23rd, marking the 1944 royal coup d'état by King Michael I when he decided about the dismissal and arrest of general Ion Antonescu, Romanian Prime Minister and Leader of the State.",
"On the same day he ordered the immediate cessation of Romania's collaboration with the Axis Powers, the beginning of negotiations for an armistice with the Allies and a military cooperation with the Soviet Union.",
"A certain segment of Romanians, who support the reinstatement of the monarchy, prefers the date of May 10 to be the National Day, as it used to be between 1866–1947.",
"On May 9, 1877, prime minister Kogălniceanu proclaimed the Principality of Romania's independence from the Ottoman Empire, a status recognized by the European powers in the Treaty of Berlin in 1878."
] | [
2
] |
History | Where was the first major competition in Nordic combined held? | Nordic combined | false | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"Norwegian soldiers are known to have been competing in Nordic skiing since the 19th century.",
"The first major competition in Nordic combined was held in 1892 in Oslo at the first Holmenkollen Ski Festival, an event still held annually.",
"In Norway, popularity of the Holmenkollen, and Nordic combined in general, was great.",
"It is still held in all Winter Olympics.",
"There is currently no women's competition sanctioned by the International Ski Federation.",
"The sport was included at the 1924 Winter Olympics, and has been on the programme ever since.",
"World Championships have been held since 1925.",
"Traditionally, Norway has always delivered top athletes in the sport, but Finland, Germany, Austria, and France are also among the top nations in the Nordic combined."
] | [
4
] |
Soundtrack | Which year was the techno remix released? | Das Boot | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"The characteristic lead melody of the soundtrack, composed and produced by Klaus Doldinger, took on a life of its own after German rave group U96 created a remixed \"techno version\" in 1991.",
"The title theme \"Das Boot\" later became an international hit.",
"The official soundtrack features only compositions by Doldinger, except for \"J'attendrai\" sung by Rina Ketty.",
"The soundtrack (\"Filmmusik\") released following the release of \"The Director's Cut\" version omits \"J'attendrai\".",
"Songs heard in the film, but not included on the album are \"La Paloma\" sung by Rosita Serrano, the \"Erzherzog-Albrecht-Marsch\" (a popular military march), \"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\" performed by the Red Army Chorus, Heimat, Deine Sterne and the Westerwald-Marsch."
] | [] |
Negotiations | What is the total number of delegates from the 27 nations that participated in the negotiations? | Treaty of Versailles | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1
] | [
"Negotiations between the Allied powers started on 18 January in the \"Salle de l'Horloge\" at the French Foreign Ministry, on the Quai d'Orsay in Paris.",
"Initially, 70 delegates of 27 nations participated in the negotiations.",
"Having been defeated, Germany, Austria, and Hungary were excluded from the negotiations.",
"Russia was also excluded because it had negotiated a separate peace with Germany in 1918, in which Germany gained a large fraction of Russia's land and resources.",
"The treaty's terms were extremely harsh, as the negotiators at Versailles later pointed out.",
"At first a \"Council of Ten\" comprising two delegates each from Britain, France, the United States, Italy and Japan), met officially to decide the peace terms.",
"It became the \"Big Four\" when Japan dropped out and the top person from each of the other four met in 145 closed sessions to make all the major decisions, which were later ratified by the entire assembly.",
"Apart from Italian issues, the main conditions were determined at personal meetings among the by the leaders of the \"Big Three\" nations: British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, and American President Woodrow Wilson.",
"The minor nations attended a weekly \"Plenary Conference\" that discussed issues in a general forum but made no decisions.",
"These members formed over 50 commissions that made various recommendations, many of which were incorporated into the final Treaty."
] | [
0
] |
Host range | Do they infect all types of cellular life? | Virus | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"Viruses are by far the most abundant biological entities on Earth and they outnumber all the others put together.",
"They infect all types of cellular life including animals, plants, bacteria and fungi.",
"However, different types of viruses can infect only a limited range of hosts and many are species-specific.",
"Some, such as smallpox virus for example, can infect only one species – in this case humans, and are said to have a narrow host range.",
"Other viruses, such as rabies virus, can infect different species of mammals and are said to have a broad range.",
"The viruses that infect plants are harmless to animals, and most viruses that infect other animals are harmless to humans.",
"The host range of some bacteriophages is limited to a single strain of bacteria and they can be used to trace the source of outbreaks of infections by a method called phage typing."
] | [] |
Release | On what date was "All Is Lost" released in the United States? | All Is Lost | true | 6MOVIES
| [
5
] | [
"",
"\"All Is Lost\" screened out of competition at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival on May 22.",
"The film was distributed theatrically by Lionsgate and by Roadside Attractions in the United States.",
"FilmNation Entertainment handled foreign sales for the film.",
"In February 2012, Universal Pictures purchased distribution of the film in select international territories (except for Germany, Austria, all Latin American countries, Canada, Québec, Japan, China, India, Pakistan, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, and the Middle East).",
"It began a limited release in the United States on October 18, 2013."
] | [
0
] |
Culture | When was the "National Cultural Policy" created by the government? | Malaysia | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
5
] | [
"Malaysia has a multi-ethnic, multicultural, and multilingual society.",
"The original culture of the area stemmed from indigenous tribes that inhabited it, along with the Malays who later moved there.",
"Substantial influence exists from Chinese and Indian culture, dating back to when foreign trade began.",
"Other cultural influences include the Persian, Arabic, and British cultures.",
"Due to the structure of the government, coupled with the social contract theory, there has been minimal cultural assimilation of ethnic minorities.",
"In 1971, the government created a \"National Cultural Policy\", defining Malaysian culture.",
"It stated that Malaysian culture must be based on the culture of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia, that it may incorporate suitable elements from other cultures, and that Islam must play a part in it.",
"It also promoted the Malay language above others.",
"This government intervention into culture has caused resentment among non-Malays who feel their cultural freedom was lessened.",
"Both Chinese and Indian associations have submitted memorandums to the government, accusing it of formulating an undemocratic culture policy.",
"Some cultural disputes exist between Malaysia and neighbouring countries, notably Indonesia.",
"The two countries have a similar cultural heritage, sharing many traditions and items.",
"However, disputes have arisen over things ranging from culinary dishes to Malaysia's national anthem.",
"Strong feelings exist in Indonesia about protecting their national heritage.",
"The Malaysian government and the Indonesian government have met to defuse some of the tensions resulting from the overlaps in culture.",
"Feelings are not as strong in Malaysia, where most recognise that many cultural values are shared."
] | [
2
] |
Gastrointestinal distress | What are the side effects of Chemo? | Chemotherapy | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and constipation are common side-effects of chemotherapeutic medications that kill fast-dividing cells.",
"Malnutrition and dehydration can result when the patient does not eat or drink enough, or when the patient vomits frequently, because of gastrointestinal damage.",
"This can result in rapid weight loss, or occasionally in weight gain, if the patient eats too much in an effort to allay nausea or heartburn.",
"Weight gain can also be caused by some steroid medications.",
"These side-effects can frequently be reduced or eliminated with antiemetic drugs.",
"Self-care measures, such as eating frequent small meals and drinking clear liquids or ginger tea, are often recommended.",
"In general, this is a temporary effect, and frequently resolves within a week of finishing treatment.",
"However, a high index of suspicion is appropriate, since diarrhea and bloating are also symptoms of typhlitis, a very serious and potentially life-threatening medical emergency that requires immediate treatment."
] | [
0
] |
Accessories | How do you stay streamlined and keep your hair protected from chlorine in water? | Human swimming | true | 4SPORT
| [
7
] | [
" Ear plugs can prevent water from getting in the ears.",
" Noseclips can prevent water from getting in the nose.",
"However, this is generally only used for synchronised swimming.",
"Using noseclips in competitive swimming can cause a disadvantage to most swimmers.",
"It is for this reason that noseclips are only used for synchronised swimming and recreational swimming.",
" Goggles protect the eyes from chlorinated water, and can improve underwater visibility.",
"Tinted goggles protect the eyes from sunlight that reflects from the bottom of the pool.",
" Swim caps keep the body streamlined and protect the hair from chlorinated water.",
" Kickboards are used to keep the upper body afloat while exercising the lower body.",
"Pull buoys are used to keep the lower body afloat while exercising the upper body.",
" Swimfins are used to elongate the kick and improve technique and speed.",
"Fins also build upper calf muscles.",
" Safety fencing and equipment is mandatory at public pools and a zoning requirement at most residential pools in the United States."
] | [
5
] |
The Seljuks and the Ottoman Empire | What groups did the Ottman Navy battle with? | Turkey | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
14
] | [
"The \"House of Seljuk\" was a branch of the \"Kınık\" Oğuz Turks who resided on the periphery of the Muslim world, in the Yabghu Khaganate of the Oğuz confederacy, to the north of the Caspian and Aral Seas, in the 9th century.",
"In the 10th century, the Seljuks started migrating from their ancestral homeland into Persia, which became the administrative core of the Great Seljuk Empire.",
"In the latter half of the 11th century, the Seljuks began penetrating into the eastern regions of Anatolia.",
"In 1071, the Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert, starting Turkification of the area; the Turkish language and Islam were introduced to Anatolia and gradually spread over the region and the slow transition from a predominantly Christian and Greek-speaking Anatolia to a predominantly Muslim and Turkish-speaking one was underway.",
"In 1243, the Seljuk armies were defeated by the Mongols, causing the Seljuk Empire's power to slowly disintegrate.",
"In its wake, one of the Turkish principalities governed by Osman I would, over the next 200 years, evolve into the Ottoman Empire, expanding throughout Anatolia, the Balkans, the Levant and North Africa.",
"In 1453, the Ottomans completed their conquest of the Byzantine Empire by capturing its capital, Constantinople.",
"In 1514, Sultan Selim I (1512–1520) successfully expanded the Empire's southern and eastern borders by defeating Shah Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty in the Battle of Chaldiran.",
"In 1517, Selim I expanded Ottoman rule into Algeria and Egypt, and created a naval presence in the Red Sea.",
"Subsequently, a competition started between the Ottoman and Portuguese empires to become the dominant sea power in the Indian Ocean, with numerous naval battles in the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf.",
"The Portuguese presence in the Indian Ocean was perceived as a threat for the Ottoman monopoly over the ancient trading routes between East Asia and Western Europe (later collectively named the Silk Road).",
"This important monopoly was increasingly compromised following the discovery of the Cape of Good Hope by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias in 1488, which had a considerable impact on the Ottoman economy.",
"The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent.",
"The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.",
"At sea, the Ottoman Navy contended with several Holy Leagues (composed primarily of Habsburg Spain, the Republic of Genoa, the Republic of Venice, the Knights of St. John, the Papal States, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Duchy of Savoy) for control of the Mediterranean Sea.",
"In the east, the Ottomans were occasionally at war with Safavid Persia over conflicts stemming from territorial disputes or religious differences between the 16th and 18th centuries.",
"From the beginning of the 19th century onwards, the Ottoman Empire began to decline.",
"As it gradually shrank in size, military power and wealth, many Balkan Muslims migrated to the Empire's heartland in Anatolia, along with the Circassians fleeing the Russian conquest of the Caucasus.",
"The decline of the Ottoman Empire led to a rise in nationalist sentiment among the various subject peoples, leading to increased ethnic tensions which occasionally burst into violence, such as the Hamidian massacres.",
"The Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers and was ultimately defeated.",
"During the war, an estimated 1,500,000 Armenians were deported and exterminated in the Armenian Genocide.",
"The Turkish government denies that there was an Armenian Genocide and claims that Armenians were only relocated from the eastern war zone.",
"Large-scale massacres were also committed against the empire's other minority groups such as the Greeks and Assyrians.",
"Following the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, the victorious Allied Powers sought to partition the Ottoman state through the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres."
] | [
0
] |
Background | When did filming of the music video 'Wide awake' begin? | Wide Awake (Katy Perry song) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
4
] | [
"Music video.",
"In March 2012, during an interview with MTV, Perry stated: \"I know exactly what that music video is.",
"I know exactly who is directing it.",
"I know the art direction, the people, the narrative, and I had that idea while I was writing the song\".",
"Filming of the official 3D music video for \"Wide Awake\" began on April 30, 2012 and ended on May 2, 2012.",
"The music video was directed by Tony T. Datis and will be used as a tie-in promotion for her 2012 3D autobiographical documentary film, \"\", as part of her deal with Pepsi.",
"On June 12, 2012, an official trailer directed by Lance Drake, was released on Perry's VEVO channel.",
"It started with a girl flipping through a book which displays flashbacks of the \"Teenage Dream\" era, describing each of the singles as a 'chapter', with Wide Awake being 'the final chapter'.",
"It also unveiled that there will be a fairytale storyline, with 'a giant labyrinth, a poisoned strawberry, a curious cat, prince charming, and a little girl'.",
"A second preview aired on June 13, 2012 during the season finale of the program \"Randy Jackson Presents: America's Best Dance Crew\"."
] | [
2
] |
Rules and regulations | USGA stands for what? | Golf | false | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"The rules of golf are internationally standardised and are jointly governed by The R&A, spun off in 2004 from The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews (founded 1754), and the United States Golf Association (USGA).",
"The underlying principle of the rules is fairness.",
"As stated on the back cover of the official rule book:",
"\"Play the ball as it lies, play the course as you find it, and if you cannot do either, do what is fair.",
"\"",
"There are strict regulations regarding the amateur status of golfers.",
"Essentially, anybody who has ever received payment or compensation for giving instruction, or played golf for money, is not considered an amateur and may not participate in competitions limited solely to amateurs.",
"However, amateur golfers may receive expenses that comply with strict guidelines and they may accept non-cash prizes within the limits established by the Rules of Amateur Status.",
"In addition to the officially printed rules, golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette.",
"Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and a player's obligation to contribute to the care of the course.",
"Though there are no penalties for breach of etiquette rules, players generally follow the rules of golf etiquette in an effort to improve everyone's playing experience."
] | [
0
] |
Popular culture and cinema | Based on the prompt, who is one of the best known Iranian directors? | Iran | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
6
] | [
"The musical culture of Persia, while distinct, is closely related to other musical systems of the West and Central Asia.",
"It has also affinities to the music cultures of the Indian subcontinent, to a certain degree even to those of Africa, and, in the period after 1850 particularly, to that of Europe.",
"Its history can be traced to some extent through these relationships.",
"Like that of most of the world’s cultures, the music of Persia has depended on oral/aural transmission and learning.",
"Iranian cinema has thrived in modern Iran, and many Iranian directors have garnered worldwide recognition for their work.",
"Iranian movies have won over three hundred awards in the past twenty-five years including Oscars.",
"One of the best-known directors is Abbas Kiarostami."
] | [
3
] |
Broadcast history | Which channel aired the "Gilmore Girls" in United States? | Gilmore Girls | false | 1TV
| [
3
] | [
"",
"\"Gilmore Girls\" first season commenced in the Thursday 8pm/7pm Central time slot, as a lead in for \"Charmed\".",
"Renewed for a second season, the show was relocated on Tuesdays 8pm/7pm, the time slot of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", which transferred to UPN, and served as a lead-in for \"Smallville\".",
"In its syndicated release in the United States, the show airs on the ABC Family Channel, and from 2009-2013, aired in weekend timeslots on their sister network SOAPnet, which closed at the start of 2014.",
"First season reruns aired on Monday nights from March until May 2001 while \"Roswell\" was on hiatus.",
"An additional run of the first season aired in summer of 2002 on Sunday nights under the title \"Gilmore Girls Beginnings\", and was one of two shows on The WB to give the \"Beginnings\" in its title for reruns (the other being \"7th Heaven\").",
"In the United Kingdom \"Gilmore Girls\" was initially screened on Nickelodeon from 2003.",
"It remains the only hour-long series to air thereon to date.",
"Only the first three seasons were shown, with episodes edited for content and some, like \"The Big One,\" dropped entirely.",
"The series was subsequently picked up by the Hallmark Channel, which gave UK premieres to Seasons 4 and 5, and E4, which continues to show all seven seasons in rotation, with occasional cuts to render it suitable for its early time slot.",
"On 16 January 2012, Gilmore Girls aired its final episode on UK Channel E4.",
"All seven seasons are now being aired, unedited, on 5*.",
"In Brazil and Mexico, the show premiered in November 5, 2000 on Warner Channel.",
"Then it was shown Boomerang across Latin America."
] | [] |
Popularity | Why were beef butchered? | Fajita | false | 9FOOD
| [
1
] | [
"The first culinary evidence of the fajitas with the cut of meat, the cooking style (directly on a campfire or on a grill), and the Spanish nickname going back as far as the 1930s in the ranch lands of South and West Texas.",
"During cattle roundups, beef were butchered regularly to feed the hands.",
"Throwaway items such as the hide, the head, the entrails, and meat trimmings such as skirt were given to the Mexican cowboys called vaqueros as part of their pay.",
"Hearty border dishes like barbacoa de cabeza (head barbecue), menudo (tripe stew), and fajitas or arracheras (grilled skirt steak) have their roots in this practice.",
"Considering the limited number of skirts per carcass and the fact the meat wasn't available commercially, the fajita tradition remained regional and relatively obscure for many years, probably only familiar to vaqueros, butchers, and their families.",
"The food became popular in Tex-Mex restaurants in Houston, Austin, and San Antonio.",
"In southern Arizona, the term was unknown except as a cut of meat until the 1990s, when Mexican fast food restaurants started using the word in their marketing.",
"In recent years, fajitas have become popular at American casual dining restaurants as well as in home cooking.",
"In many restaurants, the fajita meat is brought to the table sizzling loudly on a metal platter or skillet, with the tortillas and condiments."
] | [
1
] |
Other applications | What is FEL? | Electron | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"In the free-electron laser (FEL), a relativistic electron beam passes through a pair of undulators that contain arrays of dipole magnets whose fields point in alternating directions.",
"The electrons emit synchrotron radiation that coherently interacts with the same electrons to strongly amplify the radiation field at the resonance frequency.",
"FEL can emit a coherent high-brilliance electromagnetic radiation with a wide range of frequencies, from microwaves to soft X-rays.",
"These devices may find manufacturing, communication and various medical applications, such as soft tissue surgery.",
"Electrons are important in cathode ray tubes, which have been extensively used as display devices in laboratory instruments, computer monitors and television sets.",
"In a photomultiplier tube, every photon striking the photocathode initiates an avalanche of electrons that produces a detectable current pulse.",
"Vacuum tubes use the flow of electrons to manipulate electrical signals, and they played a critical role in the development of electronics technology.",
"However, they have been largely supplanted by solid-state devices such as the transistor."
] | [
0
] |
Geography | How many active volcanoes does Indonesia have? | Indonesia | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
12
] | [
"Indonesia lies between latitudes 11°S and 6°N, and longitudes 95°E and 141°E.",
"It consists of 17,508 islands, about 6,000 of which are inhabited.",
"These are scattered over both sides of the equator.",
"The largest are Java, Sumatra, Borneo (shared with Brunei and Malaysia), New Guinea (shared with Papua New Guinea), and Sulawesi.",
"Indonesia shares land borders with Malaysia on Borneo, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea, and East Timor on the island of Timor.",
"Indonesia shares maritime borders across narrow straits with Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Palau to the north, and with Australia to the south.",
"The capital, Jakarta, is on Java and is the nation's largest city, followed by Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, and Semarang.",
"At 1,919,440 square kilometers (741,050 sq mi), Indonesia is the world's 15th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area.",
"Its average population density is 134 people per square kilometer (347 per sq mi), 79th in the world, although Java, the world's most populous island, has a population density of 940 people per square kilometer (2,435 per sq mi).",
"At , Puncak Jaya in Papua is Indonesia's highest peak, and Lake Toba in Sumatra its largest lake, with an area of 1,145 square kilometers (442 sq mi).",
"The country's largest rivers are in Kalimantan, and include the Mahakam and Barito; such rivers are communication and transport links between the island's river settlements.",
"Indonesia's location on the edges of the Pacific, Eurasian, and Australian tectonic plates makes it the site of numerous volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.",
"Indonesia has at least 150 active volcanoes, including Krakatoa and Tambora, both famous for their devastating eruptions in the 19th century.",
"The eruption of the Toba supervolcano, approximately 70,000 years ago, was one of the largest eruptions ever, and a global catastrophe.",
"Recent disasters due to seismic activity include the 2004 tsunami that killed an estimated 167,736 in northern Sumatra, and the Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006.",
"However, volcanic ash is a major contributor to the high agricultural fertility that has historically sustained the high population densities of Java and Bali.",
"Lying along the equator, Indonesia has a tropical climate, with two distinct monsoonal wet and dry seasons.",
"Average annual rainfall in the lowlands varies from , and up to in mountainous regions.",
"Mountainous areas – particularly in the west coast of Sumatra, West Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua – receive the highest rainfall.",
"Humidity is generally high, averaging about 80%.",
"Temperatures vary little throughout the year; the average daily temperature range of Jakarta is ."
] | [
5
] |
Attractions | What types of animals does the Plantation Farmyard hae? | Stone Mountain | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
13
] | [
"The Park features several attractions that are operated by Herschend Family Entertainment Corporation.",
"On summer evenings the mountain hosts the Stone Mountain Laser Show Spectacular, which uses popular and classic music to entertain park guests with a large fireworks and laser light display.",
"The colorful lightshow of lasers project moving images of the Deep South as well as Georgia history onto the Confederate Memorial carving on the side of the mountain.",
"The American Civil War is acknowledged, but the strength of a reunited country concludes the message, with Sandi Patti singing the Star Spangled Banner.",
"There are still old favorites included with the show, “Devil Went down to Georgia” and \"An American Trilogy\".",
"There have been several additions to the show for its 25th anniversary.",
"During Memorial Day Weekend of 2011, Stone Mountain unveiled their biggest overhaul ever of the laser show, dubbed Mountainvision.",
"This incorporates digital projectors, lasers, special effects, and pyrotechnics into an incredible experience.",
"The projection is 5 times larger than an IMAX screen and taller than the Statue Of Liberty.",
"The Skyride is a Swiss-built cable car to the summit of the mountain which passes by the carving on the way up.",
"The Riverboat offers a scenic cruise aboard a reproduction Mississippi riverboat on 363 acre (147 ha) Stone Mountain Lake.",
"(UPDATE: The Riverboat, which used to be one of Stone Mountain Park's attractions to all guests, has been retired.",
")The Antebellum Plantation is a collection of historic buildings relocated from around the state of Georgia, including 3 plantation manor houses dating from 1794, 1850 and 1845, two slave cabins, a barn and other outbuildings.",
"The Plantation Farmyard features historic breeds of sheep, goats and pigs that guests can pet.",
"Crossroads is a recreation of an 1872 southern town with several attractions including a modern 4-D movie theater, an adventure mini-golf course, a duck tour ride, stores and restaurants.",
"Crafts demonstrators include glass blowing and candy making.",
"Other attractions in this area include:The Great Barn is a children's activity area that features 65 interactive games, climbing structures, trampoline floors, slides and more.",
"Sky Hike is a family ropes adventure course.",
"Guests can choose their own path and level of challenge.",
"Geyser Towers is a playground featuring a large fountain at the entrance, so guests have the option of climbing through the course or getting wet."
] | [
0
] |
Demographics | How many Singapore residents own cars? | Singapore | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
11
] | [
", the population of Singapore is 5.312 million people, of whom 3.285 million (62%) are citizens while the rest (38%) are permanent residents or foreign workers/students.",
"Twenty-three percent of Singaporean citizens were born outside Singapore (i.e.",
"foreign born citizens).",
"There are half a million permanent residents in Singapore in 2012.",
"The resident population does not take into account the 11 million transient visitors who visit Singapore annually.",
"The median age of Singaporeans is 37 years old and the average household size is 3.5 persons.",
"Due to scarcity of land, four out of five Singaporeans live in subsidised, high-rise, public housing apartments known as Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats, after the board responsible for public housing in the country.",
"Live-in domestic helpers are quite common in Singapore and there are nearly 200,000 domestic helpers there.",
"In 2010, three quarters of Singaporean residents live in properties that are equal to or larger than a four-room HDB flat or in private housing.",
"Home ownership rate is at 87.2%.",
"Mobile phone penetration rate is extremely high at 1,400 mobile phone subscribers per 1000 people.",
"Around 1 in 10 residents owns a car.",
"The total fertility rate is estimated to be .79 children per woman in 2013, the lowest in the world and well below the 2.1 needed to replace the population.",
"To overcome this problem, the Singapore government has been encouraging foreigners to immigrate to Singapore for the past few decades.",
"The large number of immigrants has kept Singapore's population from declining.",
"Singapore traditionally has one of the lowest unemployment rates among developed countries.",
"The Singaporean unemployment rate has not exceeded 4% in the past decade, hitting a high of 3% during the 2009 global financial crisis and falling to 1.9% in 2011., about 40% of Singapore's residents were foreigners, one of the highest percentage in the world.",
"The government is considering capping these workers, although it has been recognised that they are crucial to the country's economy, as foreign workers make up 80% of the construction industry and up to 50% of the service industry.",
"In 2009, the government census reports that 74.2% of residents were of Chinese, 13.4% of Malay, and 9.2% of Indian descent, while Eurasians and other groups form 3.2%.",
"Prior to 2010, each person could register as a member of only one race, by default that of his or her father, therefore, mixed-race persons were solely grouped under their father's race in government censuses.",
"From 2010 onward, people may register using a \"double-barrelled\" classification, in which they may choose one primary race and one secondary race, but no more than two."
] | [
5
] |
Soundtrack | Who created the soundtrack for the original Toy Story movie? | Toy Story | true | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"The soundtrack for \"Toy Story\" was produced by Walt Disney Records and was released on November 22, 1995, the week of the film's release.",
"Scored and written by Randy Newman, the soundtrack has received praise for its \"sprightly, stirring score\".",
"Despite the album's critical success, the soundtrack only peaked at number 94 on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart.",
"A cassette and CD single release of \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" was released on April 12, 1996, in order to promote the soundtrack's release.",
"The soundtrack was remastered in 2006 and although it is no longer available physically, the album is available for purchase digitally in retailers such as iTunes.",
"Tracklisting",
"Charts"
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | What company produces the television programme Doctor Who? | Doctor Who | true | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC.",
"The programme depicts the adventures of the Doctor, a Time Lord—a time-travelling humanoid alien.",
"He explores the universe in his TARDIS, a sentient time-travelling space ship.",
"Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired.",
"Along with a succession of companions, the Doctor faces a variety of foes while working to save civilisations, help ordinary people, and right wrongs.",
"The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (2005–2010) awards at the National Television Awards during Russell T Davies's tenure as executive producer.",
"In 2011, Matt Smith became the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor.",
"In 2013, the Peabody Awards honoured \"Doctor Who\" with an Institutional Peabody \"for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe.\"",
"The programme is listed in \"Guinness World Records\" as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world, the \"most successful\" science fiction series of all time—based on its over-all broadcast ratings, DVD and book sales, and iTunes traffic— and for the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama with its 50th anniversary special.",
"During its original run, it was recognised for its imaginative stories, creative low-budget special effects, and pioneering use of electronic music (originally produced by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop).",
"The show is a significant part of British popular culture,</ref> and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite.",
"The show has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series.",
"The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989.",
"After an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot in the form of a television film, the programme was relaunched in 2005 by Russell T Davies who was showrunner and head writer for the first five years of its revival, produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff.",
"The first series of the 21st century, featuring Christopher Eccleston in the title role, was produced by the BBC.",
"Series two and three had some development money contributed by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), which was credited as a co-producer.",
"\"Doctor Who\" also spawned spin-offs in multiple media, including \"Torchwood\" (2006–11) and \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" (2007–11), both created by Russell T Davies; \"K-9\" (2009–10); and a single pilot episode of \"K-9 and Company\" (1981).",
"There also have been many spoofs and cultural references of the character in other media.",
"Eleven actors have headlined the series as the Doctor.",
"The transition from one actor to another, and the differing approach to the role that they bring, is written into the plot of the show as regeneration into a new incarnation, a life process of Time Lords through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and, to some extent, new personality, which occurs after sustaining injury which would be fatal to most other species.",
"While each actor's portrayal differs, they are all intended to be aspects of the same character, and form part of the same storyline.",
"The time-travelling nature of the plot means that on occasion, story arcs have involved different Doctors meeting each other.",
"The Doctor is currently portrayed by Peter Capaldi, who took on the role after Matt Smith's final appearance in the 2013 Christmas special \"The Time of the Doctor\"."
] | [
0,
3
] |
Infrastructure | How many units were in the Italiam civilian air fleet in 2005? | Italy | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
6
] | [
"In 2004 the transport sector in Italy generated a turnover of about 119.4 billion euros, employing 935,700 persons in 153,700 enterprises.",
"Regarding the national road network, in 2002 there were of serviceable roads in Italy, including of motorways, state-owned but privately operated by Atlantia.",
"In 2005, about 34,667,000 passenger cars (590 cars per 1,000 people) and 4,015,000 goods vehicles circulated on the national road network.",
"The national railway network, state-owned and operated by Ferrovie dello Stato, in 2003 totalled of which 69% is electrified, and on which 4,937 locomotives and railcars circulated.",
"The national inland waterways network comprised of navigable rivers and channels in 2002.",
"In 2004 there were approximately 30 main airports (including the two hubs of Malpensa International in Milan and Leonardo da Vinci International in Rome) and 43 major seaports (including the seaport of Genoa, the country's largest and second largest in the Mediterranean Sea).",
"In 2005 Italy maintained a civilian air fleet of about 389,000 units and a merchant fleet of 581 ships."
] | [
5
] |
2010–present: "Acoustic" EP, "Siberia", "Siberia Acoustic", and "Tour" | When did Lights release Toes? | Lights (musician) | true | 0MUSIC
| [
16
] | [
"She toured from January–May 2010 with contemporary synthpop artist Owl City in Canada, USA, and Europe.",
"Lights is featured on Owl City's song \"The Yacht Club\" on his album \"All Things Bright and Beautiful\" which was released on June 14, 2011, as well as appearing in the music video for another one of Owl City's songs \"Deer in the Headlights.\"",
"Plans for future duets are in the works.",
"She was also in the summer 2010 Lilith Fair official lineup.",
"She went on a two week solo UK tour in May 2010 being supported by fellow Canadian artist Rich Aucoin for most of her shows.",
"Additionally, Lights was a special guest for pop-rock band Hedley's The Show Must Go... On The Road Tour, as well as These Kids Wear Crowns.",
"Lights released an acoustic EP titled \"Acoustic\" in July 2010.",
"Her debut for the album was at the University of Waterloo, where she had received most of her inspiration for the album.",
"That same month, she began her six-date tour around the US, performing her songs acoustically.",
"In September, she toured with Hedley for eight dates on the Ontario leg of their Canadian tour.",
"In October 2010, Bring Me The Horizon's album \"There Is a Hell, Believe Me I've Seen It.",
"There Is a Heaven, Let's Keep It a Secret\" featured Lights as a guest vocalist on the songs \"Crucify Me\" and \"Don't Go.\"",
"She is also featured on The Secret Handshake's song \"Used to be Sweet\" from their album \"Night and Day\".",
"In October 2010, Lights released \"My Boots.\"",
"She also left on her headlining tour with Jeremy Fisher.",
"On June 18, 2011 at the Utopia Music Festival, Lights performed three new songs called \"Toes,\" \"Where the Fence is Low,\" and \"Everybody Breaks a Glass.",
"\"The single \"Toes\" was released on August 16, 2011 as the first single to Lights' second studio album, \"Siberia\".",
"After signing with Last Gang Records her album was delayed due to criticism from the label executives.",
"Though reluctant to tell full details of delays, the shift in style to a more gritty sound was a risk worried about by Last Gang Records.",
"The full-length album was released online in the US and Canada on October 4, 2011 and went on iTunes stores in Australia on October 28.",
"Siberia received positive reviews from many critics and was nominated for a Juno Award for Best Pop Album of the Year.",
"Lights says her favorite song on \"Siberia\" is \"Flux and Flow.",
"\"In July 2012, Lights's husband revealed that she was working on an acoustic version of \"Siberia\".",
"She seconded this by posting a photo on Twitter shortly after with a piano and acoustic guitars with the caption, \"My station today.",
"Kind of intimidating...\"On March 15, 2013, Lights released an acoustic version of \"Cactus in the Valley\" featuring Owl City as a single in the UK.",
"The album, \"Siberia Acoustic\", was released on April 30, 2013, and reached Number 7 in Canada.",
"She toured select dates around North America in support of the album, with Dear Rouge opening select dates and Lianne La Havas opening other select dates."
] | [
2
] |
Release | Why was the release of Terminator Salvation delayed in Mexico? | Terminator Salvation | true | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"The film was released in North America on May 21, 2009 with Warner Bros. setting the American premiere on May 14, 2009 at the Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood.",
"Elsewhere, Sony Pictures Entertainment released the film in most overseas territories on different dates in June.",
"One exception was Mexico, however, because of the swine flu outbreak in the country, which forced Sony to push the release date to July 31, 2009.",
"It is rated PG-13 by the Motion Picture Association of America for \"intense sequences of sci-fi violence, action, and language,\" unlike the previous R-rated films.",
"The decision to release the film with a PG-13 rating has met with much criticism from fans, as well as the media.",
"The rating decision was made after McG cut out a shot of Marcus stabbing a thug with a screwdriver, as the director felt disallowing the young audience due to that one shot was unfair.",
"He also deleted a topless scene for Moon Bloodgood because, \"It was a soft moment between a man and a woman that was designed to echo the Kelly McGillis/Harrison Ford moment in \"Witness\" in the end, it felt more like a gratuitous moment of a girl taking her top off in an action picture, and I didn't want that to convolute the story or the characters.\"",
"The producers had expected the rating because of the modern leniency towards violence in PG-13 films, such as the 2007 action film, \"Live Free or Die Hard\"."
] | [
1
] |
Release | What distributor released the film Looper in the US? | Looper (film) | true | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"",
"\"Looper\" premiered on September 6, 2012 at the opening night of the Toronto International Film Festival.",
"The film was then released theatrically in the United States on , 2012 by FilmDistrict, who obtained the domestic rights from production company Endgame Entertainment at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival.",
"In turn, FilmDistrict chose to release the film with TriStar Pictures.",
"The Chinese release of the film reintegrates a substantial number of scenes set in Shanghai.",
"The move was requested by Chinese production company DMG Entertainment in order to further appeal to Chinese audiences.",
"Several of these scenes were shortened or cut for the American release.",
"Johnson released a free audio commentary on SoundCloud to be downloaded and listened to during the film, with the warning: \"Needless to say, this is NOT to be listened to on a first viewing, or before you've seen the film.\""
] | [
0
] |
Ancient objections | The twins objections was stated by who? | Astrology | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Cicero stated the twins objection (that with close birth times, personal outcomes can be very different), later developed by Saint Augustine.",
"He argued that since the other planets are much more distant from the earth than the moon, they could have only very tiny influence compared to the moon's.",
"He also argued that if astrology explains everything about a person's fate, then it wrongly ignores the visible effect of inherited ability and parenting, changes in health worked by medicine, or the effects of the weather on people.",
"Plotinus argued that since the fixed stars are much more distant than the planets, it is laughable to imagine the planets' effect on mankind should depend on their position with respect to the zodiac.",
"He also argues that the interpretation of the moon's conjunction with a planet as good when the moon is full, but bad when the moon is waning, is clearly wrong, as from the moon's point of view, half of her surface is always in sunlight; and from the planet's point of view, waning should be better, as then the planet sees some light from the moon, but when the moon is full to us, it is dark, and therefore bad, on the side facing the planet.",
"Favorinus argued that it was absurd to imagine that stars and planets would affect human bodies in the same way as they affect the tides, and equally absurd that small motions in the heavens cause large changes in people's fates.",
"Sextus Empiricus argued that it was absurd to link human attributes with myths about the signs of the zodiac.",
"Carneades argued that belief in fate denies free will and morality; that people born at different times can all die in the same accident or battle; and that contrary to uniform influences from the stars, tribes and cultures are all different."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | Which field in Biology studies chemical processes within and relating to living organisms? | Biochemistry | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.",
"By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life.",
"Over the last 40 years, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine are engaged in biochemical research.",
"Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.",
"Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life.",
"Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.",
"Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life.",
"The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions.",
"These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins.",
"The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism.",
"The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture.",
"In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease.",
"In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies.",
"In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control."
] | [] |
Abstract | Describe the show NCIS. | NCIS (TV series) | false | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"NCIS (TV series)NCIS is an American police procedural drama television series, revolving around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which conducts criminal investigations involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps.",
"The concept and characters were initially introduced in two episodes of the CBS series \"JAG\" (season eight episodes \"Ice Queen\" and \"Meltdown\").",
"The show, a spin-off from \"JAG\", premiered on September 23, 2003, on CBS.",
"To date it has aired for ten full seasons and has gone into broadcast syndication on USA Network.",
"Donald P. Bellisario is co-creator, along with Don McGill, as well as executive producer.",
"\"NCIS\" was originally referred to as Navy NCIS during season one; \"Navy\" was later dropped from the title.",
"In season seven, \"NCIS\" led to a spin-off series, \"\", starring Chris O'Donnell and LL Cool J.",
"In 2011, \"NCIS\" was voted America’s favorite television show.",
"The series finished its tenth season as the most-watched television series in the U.S. during the 2012–13 TV season.",
"On March 13, 2014, CBS renewed the series for a twelfth season."
] | [] |
Controversy | What was the name of the organization that tried to stop travel agents from booking trips to Disney's Animal Kingdom? | Disney's Animal Kingdom | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"Even in planning stages, various Florida based animal rights groups and PETA did not like the idea of Disney creating a theme park where animals were held in captivity.",
"The groups protested, and PETA tried to convince travel agents not to book trips to the park.",
"A few weeks before the park opened, a number of animals died due to accidents.",
"The United States Department of Agriculture viewed most of the cases and found no violations of animal-welfare regulations.",
"On opening day, the Orange County Sheriff's office sent about 150 deputies in fear that there may be a large protest, but only two dozen protesters showed up.",
"The protest lasted two hours, and there were no arrests.",
"One year after the park opened, Animal Rights Foundation of Florida complained that a New Year's Eve fireworks show could upset the animals.",
"A USDA inspector came to the park and found no problems with launching low-noise fireworks half a mile away."
] | [
0
] |
Rebounding | Which is the defending team getting possession of a loose ball? | Basketball | false | 4SPORT
| [
2
] | [
"The objective of rebounding is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard.",
"This plays a major role in the game, as most possessions end when a team misses a shot.",
"There are two categories of rebounds: offensive rebounds, in which the ball is recovered by the offensive side and does not change possession, and defensive rebounds, in which the defending team gains possession of the loose ball.",
"The majority of rebounds are defensive, as the team on defense tends to be in better position to recover missed shots."
] | [] |
Junior tennis | How do Juniors who play tennis earn any money? | Tennis | true | 4SPORT
| [
9
] | [
"In tennis, a junior is a player 18 and under who is still legally protected by a parent or guardian.",
"Players on the main adult tour who are under 18 must have documents signed by a parent or guardian.",
"These players, however, are still eligible to play in junior tournaments.",
"The International Tennis Federation (ITF) conducts a junior tour that allows juniors to establish a world ranking and an Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) or Women's Tennis Association (WTA) ranking.",
"Most juniors who enter the international circuit do so by progressing through ITF, Satellite, Future, and Challenger tournaments before entering the main circuit.",
"The latter three circuits also have adults competing in them.",
"Some juniors, however, such as Australian Lleyton Hewitt and Frenchman Gaël Monfils, have catapulted directly from the junior tour to the ATP tour by dominating the junior scene or by taking advantage of opportunities given to them to participate in professional tournaments.",
"In 2004, the ITF implemented a new rankings scheme to encourage greater participation in doubles, by combining two rankings (singles and doubles) into one combined tally.",
"Junior tournaments do not offer prize money except for the Grand Slam tournaments, which are the most prestigious junior events.",
"Juniors may earn income from tennis by participating in the Future, Satellite, or Challenger tours.",
"Tournaments are broken up into different tiers offering different amounts of ranking points, culminating with Grade A.",
"Leading juniors are allowed to participate for their nation in the Junior Fed Cup and Davis Cup competitions.",
"To succeed in tennis often means having to begin playing at a young age.",
"To facilitate and nurture a junior's growth in tennis, almost all tennis playing nations have developed a junior development system.",
"Juniors develop their play through a range of tournaments on all surfaces, accommodating all different standards of play.",
"Talented juniors may also receive sponsorships from governing bodies or private institutions."
] | [
5,
3
] |
Nutrients | How much cholesterol is found in an ounce of bacon? | Bacon | false | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"One rasher of cooked streaky bacon contains of fat, and of protein.",
"Four pieces of bacon can also contain up to 800 mg of sodium, which is roughly equivalent to 1.92 grams of salt.",
"The fat and protein content varies depending on the cut and cooking method.68% of bacon's calories come from fat, almost half of which are saturated.",
"Each ounce of bacon contains 30 milligrams of cholesterol."
] | [
5
] |
Military | What was the Nigerian Military charged with ? | Nigeria | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"The Nigerian Military are charged with protecting The Federal Republic of Nigeria, promoting Nigeria's global security interests, and supporting peacekeeping efforts especially in West Africa.",
"The Nigerian Military consist of an army, a navy and an air force.",
"The military in Nigeria have played a major role in the country's history since independence.",
"Various juntas have seized control of the country and ruled it through most of its history.",
"Its last period of rule ended in 1999 following the sudden death of former dictator Sani Abacha in 1998, with his successor, Abdulsalam Abubakar, handing over power to the democratically elected government of Olusegun Obasanjo in 1999.",
"Taking advantage of its role as Africa's most populated country, Nigeria has repositioned its military as an African peacekeeping force.",
"Since 1995, the Nigerian military through ECOMOG mandates have been deployed as peacekeepers in Liberia (1997), Ivory Coast (1997–1999), Sierra Leone 1997–1999, and presently in Sudan's Darfur region under an African Union mandate."
] | [
0
] |
Mediterranean (1940–41) | Who was victorious during World, War Two in the Mediterranean area the Axis or Allies? | World War II | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
18
] | [
"Mediterranean (1940–41).",
"Italy began operations in the Mediterranean, initiating a siege of Malta in June, conquering British Somaliland in August, and making an incursion into British-held Egypt in September 1940.",
"In October 1940, Italy started the Greco-Italian War due to Mussolini's jealousy of Hitler's success but within days was repulsed and pushed back into Albania, where a stalemate soon occurred.",
"The United Kingdom responded to Greek requests for assistance by sending troops to Crete and providing air support to Greece.",
"Hitler decided to take action against Greece when the weather improved to assist the Italians and prevent the British from gaining a foothold in the Balkans, to strike against the British naval dominance of the Mediterranean, and to secure his hold on Romanian oil.",
"In December 1940, British Commonwealth forces began counter-offensives against Italian forces in Egypt and Italian East Africa.",
"The offensive in North Africa was highly successful and by early February 1941 Italy had lost control of eastern Libya and large numbers of Italian troops had been taken prisoner.",
"The Italian Navy also suffered significant defeats, with the Royal Navy putting three Italian battleships out of commission by a carrier attack at Taranto, and neutralising several more warships at the Battle of Cape Matapan.",
"The Germans soon intervened to assist Italy.",
"Hitler sent German forces to Libya in February, and by the end of March they had launched an offensive which drove back the Commonwealth forces who had been weakened to support Greece.",
"In under a month, Commonwealth forces were pushed back into Egypt with the exception of the besieged port of Tobruk.",
"The Commonwealth attempted to dislodge Axis forces in May and again in June, but failed on both occasions.",
"By late March 1941, following Bulgaria's signing of the Tripartite Pact, the Germans were in position to intervene in Greece.",
"Plans were changed, however, due to developments in neighbouring Yugoslavia.",
"The Yugoslav government had signed the Tripartite Pact on 25 March, only to be overthrown two days later by a British-encouraged coup.",
"Hitler viewed the new regime as hostile and immediately decided to eliminate it.",
"On 6 April Germany simultaneously invaded both Yugoslavia and Greece, making rapid progress and forcing both nations to surrender within the month.",
"The British were driven from the Balkans after Germany conquered the Greek island of Crete by the end of May.",
"Although the Axis victory was swift, bitter partisan warfare subsequently broke out against the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia, which continued until the end of the war.",
"The Allies did have some successes during this time.",
"In the Middle East, Commonwealth forces first quashed an uprising in Iraq which had been supported by German aircraft from bases within Vichy-controlled Syria, then, with the assistance of the Free French, invaded Syria and Lebanon to prevent further such occurrences."
] | [
3
] |
Mediaeval objections | How did John Gower define the limits of astrology? | Astrology | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"In the seventh century, Isidore of Seville argued in his \"Etymologiae\" that astronomy described the movements of the heavens, while astrology had two parts: one was scientific, describing the movements of the sun, the moon and the stars, while the other, making predictions, was theologically erroneous.",
"In contrast, John Gower in the fourteenth century defined astrology as essentially limited to the making of predictions.",
"The influence of the stars was in turn divided into natural astrology, with for example effects on tides and the growth of plants, and judicial astrology, with supposedly predictable effects on people.",
"The fourteenth century skeptic Nicole Oresme however included astronomy as a part of astrology in his \"Livre de divinacions\".",
"Oresme argued that current approaches to prediction of events such as plagues, wars, and weather were inappropriate, but that such prediction was a valid field of inquiry.",
"However, he attacked the use of astrology to choose the timing of actions (so-called interrogation and election) as wholly false, and rejected the determination of human action by the stars on grounds of free will.",
"The friar Laurens Pignon (c. 1368–1449) similarly rejected all forms of divination and determinism, including by the stars, in his 1411 \"Contre les Devineurs\".",
"This was in opposition to the tradition carried by the Arab astronomer Albumasar (787-886) whose \"Introductorium in Astronomiam\" and \"De Magnis Coniunctionibus\" argued the view that both individual actions and larger scale history are determined by the stars."
] | [
5
] |
Reception | When was the film Life is Beautiful released? | Life Is Beautiful | false | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"",
"\"Life is Beautiful\" became commercially successful.",
"After Miramax Films released the film on 23 October 1998 in the United States, the film went on to gross $57,563,264 in North America, and $171,600,000 internationally, with a worldwide gross of $229,163,264.",
"It is the highest grossing movie to be made in Italy, and the second highest grossing foreign film in the United States.",
"The film also received mostly positive reviews, with the film aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes giving the film a \"Fresh\" 80% rating.",
"Despite its acclaim, actor-director Roberto Benigni received criticism for its comedic elements incorporated into the backdrop of the Holocaust.",
"Roger Ebert gave the film 3 1/2 stars, stating, \"At Cannes, it offended some left-wing critics with its use of humor in connection with the Holocaust.",
"What may be most offensive to both wings is its sidestepping of politics in favor of simple human ingenuity.",
"The film finds the right notes to negotiate its delicate subject matter.\""
] | [
2
] |
Healthcare | Who provides Healthcare in Ireland? | Republic of Ireland | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Although the Irish healthcare system comes under constant criticism from politicians and the public, Ireland has one of the most developed systems of healthcare in the world and healthcare professionals who are highly trained.",
"Healthcare in Ireland is provided by both public and private healthcare providers.",
"The Minister for Health has responsibility for setting overall health service policy.",
"Every resident of Ireland is entitled to receive health care through the public health care system, which is managed by the Health Service Executive and funded by general taxation.",
"A person may be required to pay a subsidised fee for certain health care received; this depends on income, age, illness or disability.",
"All maternity services are provided free of charge and children up to the age of 6 months.",
"Emergency care is provided to patients who present to a hospital Emergency Department.",
"However, visitors to Emergency Departments in non-emergency situations who are not referred by their GP may incur a fee of €100.",
"In some circumstances this fee is not payable or may be waived.",
"Anyone holding a European Health Insurance Card is entitled to free maintenance and treatment in public beds in Health Service Executive and voluntary hospitals.",
"Outpatient services are also provided for free.",
"However, the majority of patients on median incomes or above are required to pay subsidised hospital charges.",
"Private health insurance is available to the population for those who want to avail of it.",
"The average life expectancy in Ireland in 2012 is 81 years (OECD average life expectancy in 2012 was 80 years), with 78.2 years for men and 83.6 years for women.",
"It has the highest birth rate in the EU (16.8 births per 1,000 inhabitants, compared to an EU average of 10.7) and a very low infant mortality rate (3.5 per 1,000 live births).",
"The Irish healthcare system ranked 13th out of 34 European countries in 2012 according to the European Health Consumer Index produced by Health Consumer Powerhouse.",
"The same report ranked The Irish healthcare system as having the 8th best health outcomes but only the 21st most accessible system in Europe."
] | [
3
] |
Origins and songwriting | What does Sting say the song is about? | Every Breath You Take | true | 0MUSIC
| [
2
] | [
"The lyrics are the words of a sinister, controlling character, who is watching \"every breath you take; every move you make\".",
"Sting later said he was disconcerted by how many people think the song is more positive than it is.",
"He insists it's about the obsession with a lost lover, and the jealousy and surveillance that follow.",
"\"One couple told me 'Oh we love that song; it was the main song played at our wedding!'",
"I thought, 'Well, good luck.'\"",
"When asked why he appears angry in the music video Sting told BBC Radio 2, \"I think the song is very, very sinister and ugly and people have actually misinterpreted it as being a gentle little love song, when it's quite the opposite.",
"\"According to the \"Back to Mono\" box-set book, \"Every Breath You Take\" is influenced by a Gene Pitney song titled \"Every Breath I Take\".",
"The song's structure is a variation on the Classical rondo form with its AABACABA structure, a form rarely found in modern popular music.",
"The demo of the song was recorded in an eight track suite in North London's Utopia studios and featured Sting singing over a Hammond organ.",
"While recording, Summers came up with a guitar part inspired by Béla Bartók that would later become a trademark lick, and played it straight through in one take.",
"He was asked to put guitar onto a simple backing track of bass, drums, and a single vocal, with Sting offering no directive beyond \"make it your own.",
"\"The recording process was fraught with difficulties as personal tensions between the band members, particularly Sting and Stewart Copeland, came to the fore.",
"Producer Hugh Padgham claimed that by the time of the recording sessions, Sting and Copeland \"hated each other\", with verbal and physical fights in the studio common.",
"The tensions almost led to the recording sessions being cancelled until a meeting involving the band and the group's manager, Miles Copeland (Stewart's brother), resulted in an agreement to continue.",
"The drum track was largely created through separate overdubs of each percussive instrument, with the main backbeat created by simultaneously playing a snare and a gong drum.",
"Keyboard parts were added from Roland guitar synthesisers, a Prophet-5 and an Oberheim synthesiser.",
"The single-note piano in the middle eight was recommended by Padgham, inspired by similar work that he had done with the group XTC."
] | [
0
] |
Medieval period (4th century–1453) | Why was there a collapse in authority in the Greek peninsula in the 7th century? | Greece | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
4
] | [
"Medieval period (4th century–1453).",
"The Roman Empire in the east, following the fall of the Empire in the west in the 5th century, is conventionally known as the Byzantine Empire (but was simply called \"Roman Empire\" in its own time) and lasted until 1453.",
"With its capital in Constantinople, its language and literary culture was Greek and its religion was predominantly Eastern Orthodox Christian.",
"From the 4th century, the Empire's Balkan territories, including Greece, suffered from the dislocation of the \"Barbarian Invasions\".",
"The raids and devastation of the Goths and Huns in the 4th and 5th centuries and the Slavic invasion of Greece in the 7th century resulted in a dramatic collapse in imperial authority in the Greek peninsula.",
"Following the Slavic invasion, the imperial government retained control of only the islands and coastal areas, particularly cities such as Athens, Corinth and Thessalonica, while some mountainous areas in the interior held out on their own and continued to recognize imperial authority.",
"Outside of these areas, a limited amount of Slavic settlement is generally thought to have occurred, although on a much smaller scale than previously thought.",
"The Byzantine recovery of lost provinces began toward the end of the 8th century and most of the Greek peninsula came under imperial control again, in stages, during the 9th century.",
"This process was facilitated by a large influx of Greeks from Sicily and Asia Minor to the Greek peninsula, while at the same time many Slavs were captured and re-settled in Asia Minor and those that remained were assimilated.",
"During the 11th and 12th centuries the return of stability resulted in the Greek peninsula benefiting from strong economic growth – much stronger than that of the Anatolian territories of the Empire.",
"Following the Fourth Crusade and the fall of Constantinople to the \"Latins\" in 1204 most of Greece quickly came under Frankish rule (initiating the period known as the \"Frankokratia\") or Venetian rule in the case of some of the islands.",
"The re-establishment of the Byzantine Empire in Constantinople in 1261 was accompanied by the recovery of much of the Greek peninsula, although the Frankish Principality of Achaea in the Peloponnese remained an important regional power into the 14th century, while the islands remained largely under Genoese and Venetian control.",
"In the 14th century much of the Greek peninsula was lost by the Empire as first the Serbs and then the Ottomans seized imperial territory.",
"By the beginning of the 15th century, the Ottoman advance meant that Byzantine territory in Greece was limited mainly to the Despotate of the Morea in the Peloponnese.",
"After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, the Morea was the last remnant of the Byzantine Empire to hold out against the Ottomans.",
"However, this, too, fell to the Ottomans in 1460, completing the Ottoman conquest of mainland Greece.",
"With the Turkish conquest, many Byzantine Greek scholars, who up until then were largely responsible for preserving Classical Greek knowledge, fled to the West, taking with them a large body of literature and thereby significantly contributing to the Renaissance."
] | [
1
] |
Serving | Where is the Peking Duck carved? | Peking duck | false | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"The cooked Peking Duck is traditionally carved in front of the diners and served in three stages.",
"First, the skin is served dipped in sugar and garlic sauce.",
"The meat is then served with steamed pancakes (), spring onions and sweet bean sauce.",
"Several vegetable dishes are provided to accompany the meat, typically cucumbersticks.",
"The diners spread sauce, and optionally sugar, over the pancake.",
"The pancake is wrapped around the meat with the vegetables and eaten by hand.",
"The remaining fat, meat and bones may be made into a broth, served as is, or the meat chopped up and stir fried with sweet bean sauce.",
"Otherwise, they are packed up to be taken home by the customers."
] | [
4
] |
Abstract | What movie is the song "I Believe I Can Fly" on the soundtrack? | I Believe I Can Fly | true | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"\"I Believe I Can Fly\" is a 1996 song by R&B singer R. Kelly.",
"The song was written, produced and performed by Kelly and was featured on the soundtrack to the 1996 film \"Space Jam\".",
"It was originally released on November 26, 1996, but later appeared in Kelly's 1998 album \"R.\".",
"In early 1997, \"I Believe I Can Fly\" reached number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100; it was kept from the No.",
"1 spot by Toni Braxton's \"Un-Break My Heart\".",
"Despite the fact that two of R. Kelly's songs did reach number one, \"I Believe I Can Fly\" remains the biggest hit of R. Kelly's career.",
"The single was number one on the R&B Singles chart (for six nonconsecutive weeks), and also topped the charts in the United Kingdom.",
"It has won three Grammy Awards, and was ranked No.",
"406 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2004.",
"The music video was directed by Hype Williams."
] | [
0
] |
Background | What producer did Some Nights desire to work with? | Some Nights | true | 0MUSIC
| [
8,
9
] | [
"Fun signed to Fueled by Ramen in late 2010.",
"Lead vocalist Nate Ruess, who had apprehensions about joining a major label in the past, recalled the switch being \"very, very easy\" for the group, stating that both parties approached it as if they \"knew what were getting into with each other.\"",
"The transition was in the works with the label for almost nine months, when the head of the label reached out to the band.",
"Ruess was flattered that employed workers for the label would buy their own tickets to Fun.",
"shows and \"talk about us with the passion you'd generally reserve for an artist you're working with.\"",
"After lengthy discussions within the band, the band decided to give the label a try.",
"Ruess recalls that he was listening to \"so much hip-hop\" during the production that it became a big influence for him.",
"The band felt inspired and gradually began working on new songs, each carrying an obvious hip-hop influence.",
"Consciously, the band began working in the hip-hop factor and realized they wanted a hip-hop producer.",
"After scanning the liner notes of his other hip-hop records, Ruess noticed that Jeff Bhasker was one of the most common names.",
"Bhasker was preoccupied at the time working with Beyoncé but Ruess was persistent in meeting with him."
] | [
0
] |
Society | What is the definition of "zakat"? | Saudi Arabia | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
11
] | [
"Saudi society has a number of issues and tensions.",
"A rare independent opinion poll published in 2010 indicated that Saudis' main social concerns were unemployment (at 10% in 2010), corruption and religious extremism.",
"Crime is not a significant problem.",
"However, the government of Saudi Arabia's objective of being a religious Islamic country, coupled with economic difficulties, has created deep social tensions in Saudi society.",
"Many Saudis want a reformed, more secular government and to have more influence in the political process.",
"On the other hand, juvenile delinquency, drug-use and excessive use of alcohol are getting worse.",
"High unemployment and a generation of young males filled with contempt toward the Royal Family is a significant threat to Saudi social stability.",
"Some Saudis feel they are entitled to well-paid government jobs, and the failure of the government to satisfy this sense of entitlement has led to considerable dissatisfaction.",
"The Shiite minority, located primarily in the Eastern Province, are subjected to institutionalized government discrimination, inequality and repression.",
"Terrorist attacks in Saudi Arabia have made it clear that Saudi Arabia does harbor indigenous terrorists.",
"According to a 2009 U.S. State Department communication by Hillary Clinton, United States Secretary of State, (disclosed as part of the Wikileaks U.S. 'cables leaks' controversy in 2010) \"donors in Saudi Arabia constitute the most significant source of funding to Sunni terrorist groups worldwide\".",
"Part of this funding arises through the zakat (an act of charity dictated by Islam) paid by all Saudis to charities, and amounting to at least 2.5% of their income.",
"Although many charities are genuine, others, it is alleged, serve as fronts for money laundering and terrorist financing operations.",
"While many Saudis contribute to those charities in good faith believing their money goes toward good causes, it has been alleged that others know full well the terrorist purposes to which their money will be applied.",
"According to a study conducted by Dr. Nura Al-Suwaiyan, director of the family safety program at the National Guard Hospital, one in four children are abused in Saudi Arabia.",
"The National Society for Human Rights reports that almost 45% of the country's children are facing some sort of abuse and domestic violence.",
"It has also been claimed that trafficking of women is a particular problem in Saudi Arabia as the country's large number of female foreign domestic workers, and loopholes in the system cause many to fall victim to abuse and torture.",
"Widespread inbreeding in Saudi Arabia, resulting from the traditional practice of encouraging marriage between close relatives, has produced high levels of several genetic disorders including thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, spinal muscular atrophy, deafness and muteness."
] | [
0
] |
Effectiveness | Who develped the double-blind chart matching test? | Astrology | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
2
] | [
"Astrology has not demonstrated its effectiveness in controlled studies and has no scientific validity, and as such, is regarded as pseudoscience.",
"Where astrology has made falsifiable predictions, it has been falsified.",
"Shawn Carlson's double-blind chart matching test, in which twenty eight astrologers agreed to match over 100 natal charts to psychological profiles generated by the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) test, is one of the most renowned tests of astrology.",
"The experimental protocol used in Carlson's study was agreed to by a group of physicists and astrologers prior to the experiment.",
"Astrologers, nominated by the National Council for Geocosmic Research, acted as the astrological advisors, and helped to ensure, and agreed, that the test was fair.",
"They also chose twentysix of the twentyeight astrologers for the tests, the other two being interested astrologers who volunteered afterwards.",
"The astrologers, from Europe and the United States, helped to draw up the central proposition of natal astrology to be tested.",
"Published in \"Nature\" in 1985, the study found that predictions based on natal astrology were no better than chance, and that the testing \"clearly refutes the astrological hypothesis\".",
"In 1955, astrologer and psychologist Michel Gauquelin stated that although he had failed to find evidence to support such indicators as the zodiacal signs and planetary aspects in astrology, he had found positive correlations between the diurnal positions of some of the planets and success in some professions which astrology traditionally associates with those planets.",
"The best-known of Gauquelin's findings is based on the positions of Mars in the natal charts of successful athletes and became known as the \"Mars effect\".",
"A study conducted by seven French scientists attempted to replicate the claim, but found no statistical evidence.",
"They attributed the effect to selective bias on Gauquelin's part, accusing him of attempting to persuade them to add or delete names from their study.",
"Geoffrey Dean has suggested that the effect may be caused by self-reporting of birth dates by parents rather than any issue with the study by Gauquelin.",
"The suggestion is that a small subset of the parents may have had changed birth times to be consistent with better astrological charts for a related profession.",
"The sample group was taken from a time where belief in astrology was more common.",
"Gauquelin had failed to find the Mars effect in more recent populations, where a nurse or doctor recorded the birth information.",
"The number of births under astrologically undesirable conditions was also lower, indicating more evidence that parents choose dates and times to suit their beliefs.",
"Dean, a scientist and former astrologer, and psychologist Ivan Kelly conducted a large scale scientific test, involving more than one hundred cognitive, behavioural, physical and other variables, but found no support for astrology.",
"Furthermore, a meta-analysis was conducted pooling 40 studies consisting of 700 astrologers and over 1,000 birth charts.",
"Ten of the tests, which had a total of 300 participating, involved the astrologers picking the correct chart interpretation out of a number of others which were not the astrologically correct chart interpretation (usually 3 to 5 others).",
"When the date and other obvious clues were removed no significant results were found to suggest there was any preferred chart."
] | [
3
] |
Chemical structure | At what point was the electron discovered? | Chemistry | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
3
] | [
"",
"[[File:Rutherford gold foil experiment results.svg|right|upright|thumb|\"Top:\" Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom undisturbed.<br>\"Bottom:\" Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected, indicating a small, concentrated charge.",
"]]At the turn of the twentieth century the theoretical underpinnings of chemistry were finally understood due to a series of remarkable discoveries that succeeded in probing and discovering the very nature of the internal structure of atoms.",
"In 1897, J. J. Thomson of Cambridge University discovered the electron and soon after the French scientist Becquerel as well as the couple Pierre and Marie Curie investigated the phenomenon of radioactivity.",
"In a series of pioneering scattering experiments Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester discovered the internal structure of the atom and the existence of the proton, classified and explained the different types of radioactivity and successfully transmuted the first element by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles.",
"His work on atomic structure was improved on by his students, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr and Henry Moseley.",
"The electronic theory of chemical bonds and molecular orbitals was developed by the American scientists Linus Pauling and Gilbert N. Lewis.",
"The year 2011 was declared by the United Nations as the International Year of Chemistry.",
"It was an initiative of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, and of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization and involves chemical societies, academics, and institutions worldwide and relied on individual initiatives to organize local and regional activities."
] | [
0
] |
Biblical narrative | For what purpose did David order Uriah to move to the most dangerous part of the battlefield? | Bathsheba | true | 3ART
| [
8,
10,
11,
12,
13
] | [
"The meaning of the Hebrew form of the name \"Bathsheba\" is \"daughter of the oath\", \"bat\" meaning daughter.",
"The second part of the name appears in as \"shua\" (signifying \"wealth\") (compare ).",
"Bathsheba was the daughter of Eliam (, who is called Ammiel in ).",
"Her father is identified by some scholars with Eliam mentioned in as the son of Ahithophel, who is described as the Gilonite.",
"(See King David's Warriors.",
")Bathsheba was the wife of Uriah the Hittite, and afterward of David, by whom she gave birth to Solomon, who succeeded David as king.",
"(United Kingdom of Israel and Judah).",
"The story of David's seduction of Bathsheba, told in , is omitted in Chronicles.",
"The story is told that David, while walking on the roof of his palace, saw Bathsheba, who was then the wife of Uriah, having a bath.",
"He immediately desired her and later made her pregnant.",
"In an effort to conceal his sin, David summoned Uriah from the army (with whom he was on campaign) in the hope that Uriah would re-consummate his marriage and think that the child was his.",
"Uriah was unwilling to violate the ancient kingdom rule applying to warriors in active service.",
"Rather than go home to his own bed, he preferred to remain with the palace troops.",
"After repeated efforts to convince Uriah to have sex with Bathsheba, the king gave the order to his general, Joab, that Uriah should be placed in the front lines of the battle, where it was the most dangerous, and left to the hands of the enemy (where he was more likely to die).",
"David had Uriah himself carry the message that ordered his death.",
"After Uriah was dead, David made the now widowed Bathsheba his wife.",
"David's action was displeasing to the Lord, who accordingly sent Nathan the prophet to reprove the king.",
"After relating the parable of the rich man who took away the one little ewe lamb of his poor neighbor (II Samuel 12:1-6), and exciting the king's anger against the unrighteous act, the prophet applied the case directly to David's action with regard to Bathsheba.",
"The king at once confessed his sin and expressed sincere repentance.",
"Bathsheba's child by David was struck with a severe illness and died a few days after birth, which the king accepted as his punishment.",
"Nathan also noted that David's house would be cursed with turmoil because of this murder.",
"This came to pass years later when one of David's much-loved sons, Absalom, led an insurrection that plunged the kingdom into civil war.",
"Moreover, to manifest his claim to be the new king, Absalom had sexual intercourse in public with ten of his father's concubines, which could be considered a direct, tenfold divine retribution for David's taking the woman of another man.",
"(II Samuel 16:20–23) In David's old age, Bathsheba secured the succession to the throne of her son Solomon, instead of David's eldest surviving son Adonijah.",
"Some commentators have written that Bathsheba may have written at least part of Proverbs 31 as suggested by the postulated connections between King Lemuel aka King Solomon.",
"The story of David's adultery sets up the context for the penitential Psalm 51 (50), also known as \"Miserere\" (\"Have mercy on me, O God\")."
] | [
0
] |
Treatment | Of the fourteen lunettes, which one was painted first? | Sistine Chapel ceiling | true | 3ART
| [
6
] | [
"Michelangelo's depiction of the Genealogy of Jesus departs from an artistic tradition for this topic that was common in medieval times, especially in stained-glass windows.",
"This so-called Jesse Tree shows Jesse lying prone and a tree growing from his side with the ancestors on each branch, in a visual treatment of a biblical verse.",
"The figures in the lunettes appear to be families, but in every case they are families that are divided.",
"The figures in them are physically divided by the name tablet but they are also divided by a range of human emotions that turn them outward or in on themselves and sometimes towards their partner with jealousy, suspicion, rage or simply boredom.",
"In them Michelangelo has portrayed the anger and unhappiness of the human condition, painting \"the daily round of merely domestic life as if it were a curse\".",
"In their constraining niches, the ancestors \"sit, squat and wait\".",
"Of the fourteen lunettes, the two that were probably painted first, the families of Eleazar and Mathan and of Jacob and Joseph are the most detailed.",
"They become progressively broader towards the altar end, one of the last being painted in only two days.",
"The Eleazar and Mathan picture contains two figures with a wealth of costume detail that is not present in any other lunette.",
"Prior to restoration, of all the paintings in the Sistine Chapel, the lunettes and spandrels were the dirtiest.",
"Added to this, there has always been a problem of poor daytime visibility of the panels nearest the windows because of \"halination\".",
"Consequently, they were the least well known of all Michelangelo's publicly accessible works.",
"The recent restoration has made these masterly studies of human nature and inventive depiction of the human form known once more.",
"Section References"
] | [] |
Photographs | When was the first major collection donated to the museum? | Metropolitan Museum of Art | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"The Met's collection of photographs, numbering more than 25,000 in total, is centered on five major collections plus additional acquisitions by the museum.",
"Alfred Stieglitz, a famous photographer himself, donated the first major collection of photographs to the museum, which included a comprehensive survey of Photo-Secessionist works, a rich set of master prints by Edward Steichen, and an outstanding collection of Stieglitz's photographs from his own studio.",
"The Met supplemented Stieglitz's gift with the 8,500-piece Gilman Paper Company Collection, the Rubel Collection, and the Ford Motor Company Collection, which respectively provided the collection with early French and American photography, early British photography, and post-WWI American and European photography.",
"The museum also acquired Walker Evans's personal collection of photographs, a particular coup considering the high demand for his works.",
"The department of photography was founded in 1992.",
"Though the department gained a permanent gallery in 1997, not all of the department's holdings are on display at any given time, due to the sensitive materials represented in the photography collection.",
"However, the Photographs department has produced some of the best-received temporary exhibits in the Met's recent past, including a Diane Arbus retrospective and an extensive show devoted to spirit photography.",
"In 2007, the museum designated a gallery exclusively for the exhibition of photographs made after 1960."
] | [
2
] |
Abstract | From where can stem stells be harvested right after birth? | Stem cell | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
9
] | [
"Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells.",
"They are found in multicellular organisms.",
"In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues.",
"In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing adult tissues.",
"In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells—ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm (see induced pluripotent stem cells)—but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin, or intestinal tissues.",
"There are three accessible sources of autologous adult stem cells in humans:",
" Bone marrow, which requires extraction by \"harvesting\", that is, drilling into bone (typically the femur or iliac crest),",
" Adipose tissue (lipid cells), which requires extraction by liposuction, and",
" Blood, which requires extraction through apheresis, wherein blood is drawn from the donor (similar to a blood donation), and passed through a machine that extracts the stem cells and returns other portions of the blood to the donor.",
"Stem cells can also be taken from umbilical cord blood just after birth.",
"Of all stem cell types, autologous harvesting involves the least risk.",
"By definition, autologous cells are obtained from one's own body, just as one may bank his or her own blood for elective surgical procedures.",
"Adult stem cells are frequently used in medical therapies, for example in bone marrow transplantation.",
"Stem cells can now be artificially grown and transformed (differentiated) into specialized cell types with characteristics consistent with cells of various tissues such as muscles or nerves.",
"Embryonic cell lines and autologous embryonic stem cells generated through therapeutic cloning have also been proposed as promising candidates for future therapies.",
"Research into stem cells grew out of findings by Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till at the University of Toronto in the 1960s."
] | [
4
] |
Media | When did German cinema begin? | Germany | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"German cinema dates back to the earliest years of the medium, it has made major technical and artistic contributions to film, as with the work of Max Skladanowsky, who showed the first film sequences ever to an audience, in 1895.",
"Early German cinema was particularly influential with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau.",
"Director Fritz Lang's \"Metropolis\" (1927) is referred to as the first modern science-fiction film.",
"In 1930 Josef von Sternberg directed \"The Blue Angel\", the first major German sound film.",
"During the 1970s and 1980s, New German Cinema directors such as Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, and Rainer Werner Fassbinder put West German cinema on the international stage.",
"The annual European Film Awards ceremony is held every other year in Berlin, home of the European Film Academy (EFA); the Berlin Film Festival, held annually since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film festivals.",
"In the 21st century, several German movies have had international success, such as \"Nowhere in Africa\" (2001), \"Das Experiment\" (2001), \"Good Bye, Lenin!\"",
"(2003), \"Gegen die Wand (Head-On)\" (2004), \"Der Untergang (Downfall)\" (2004), \"\" (2006), \"The Baader Meinhof Complex\" (2008), \"The Wave\" (2008), \"The White Ribbon\" (2009), \"Pandorum\" (2009), \"Soul Kitchen\" (2009), Animals United\" (2010), \"Combat Girls\" (2011) and \"Cloud Atlas\" (2012).",
"The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to the German production \"Die Blechtrommel (The Tin Drum)\" in 1979, to \"Nowhere in Africa\" in 2002, and to \"Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives of Others)\" in 2007.",
"Germany's television market is the largest in Europe, with some 34 million TV households.",
"Around 90% of German households have cable or satellite TV, with a variety of free-to-view public and commercial channels.",
"The most watched television broadcast of all-time in Germany was the Germany vs Spain semi-fnal game of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.",
"Nine out of ten of the top ten most watched television broadcasts of all-time in Germany feature the German national football team.",
"The German video gaming market is one of the largest in the world.",
"The Gamescom in Cologne is Europe's leading gaming convention.",
"Popular game series from Germany include Turrican, the Anno series, The Settlers series, the Gothic series, SpellForce, the X series, the FIFA Manager series, Far Cry and Crysis.",
"The most relevant game developers and publishers are Ascaron, Bigpoint, Blue Byte, Crytek, Deck13, Deep Silver, EA Phenomic, Gameforge, Nintendo Europe, Piranha Bytes, Radon, Related, Spellbound and Wooga."
] | [
2
] |
Walls and gates | What are the East and West gates of the Forbidden City called? | Forbidden City | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
10
] | [
"The Forbidden City is surrounded by a high city wall and a deep by wide moat.",
"The walls are wide at the base, tapering to at the top.",
"These walls served as both defensive walls and retaining walls for the palace.",
"They were constructed with a rammed earth core, and surfaced with three layers of specially baked bricks on both sides, with the interstices filled with mortar.",
"At the four corners of the wall sit towers (E) with intricate roofs boasting 72 ridges, reproducing the Pavilion of Prince Teng and the Yellow Crane Pavilion as they appeared in Song dynasty paintings.",
"These towers are the most visible parts of the palace to commoners outside the walls, and much folklore is attached to them.",
"According to one legend, artisans could not put a corner tower back together after it was dismantled for renovations in the early Qing dynasty, and it was only rebuilt after the intervention of carpenter-immortal Lu Ban.",
"The wall is pierced by a gate on each side.",
"At the southern end is the main Meridian Gate (A).",
"To the north is the Gate of Divine Might (B), which faces Jingshan Park.",
"The east and west gates are called the \"East Glorious Gate\" (D) and \"West Glorious Gate\" (C).",
"All gates in the Forbidden City are decorated with a nine-by-nine array of golden door nails, except for the East Glorious Gate, which has only eight rows.",
"The Meridian Gate has two protruding wings forming three sides of a square (Wumen, or Meridian Gate, Square) before it.",
"The gate has five gateways.",
"The central gateway is part of the Imperial Way, a stone flagged path that forms the central axis of the Forbidden City and the ancient city of Beijing itself, and leads all the way from the Gate of China in the south to Jingshan in the north.",
"Only the Emperor may walk or ride on the Imperial Way, except for the Empress on the occasion of her wedding, and successful students after the Imperial Examination."
] | [
0
] |
Politics | The office of Taoiseach was filled by Enda Kenny when? | Republic of Ireland | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
8
] | [
"Ireland is a constitutional republic with a parliamentary system of government.",
"The is the bicameral national parliament composed of the President of Ireland and the two Houses of the Oireachtas:The President serves as head of state, and is elected for a seven-year term and may be re-elected once.",
"The President is primarily a figurehead, but is entrusted with certain constitutional powers with the advice of the Council of State.",
"The office has absolute discretion in some areas, such as referring a bill to the Supreme Court for a judgement on its constitutionality.",
"Michael D. Higgins became the ninth President of Ireland on 11 November 2011.",
"The serves as the head of government and is appointed by the President upon the nomination of the .",
"Most \"\" have served as the leader of the political party that gains the most seats in national elections.",
"It has become customary for coalitions to form a government, as there has not been a single-party government since 1989.",
"Enda Kenny assumed the office of Taoiseach on 9 March 2011.",
"The is composed of sixty members, with eleven nominated by the , six elected by two universities, and 43 elected by public representatives from panels of candidates established on a vocational basis.",
"The has 166 members () elected to represent multi-seat constituencies under the system of proportional representation and by means of the single transferable vote.",
"The Government is constitutionally limited to fifteen members.",
"No more than two members can be selected from the , and the , (deputy prime minister) and Minister for Finance must be members of the .",
"The Dáil must be dissolved within five years after its first meeting following the previous election, and a general election for members of the Dáil must take place no later than thirty days after the dissolution.",
"According to the Constitution of Ireland, parliamentary elections must be held at least every seven years, though a lower limit may be set by statute law.",
"The current government is a coalition administration led by with Enda Kenny as , supported by the Labour Party with Eamon Gilmore as .",
"Opposition parties in the current are Fianna Fáil, Sinn Féin, the Socialist Party, the PBPA, the WUAG, as well as a number of Independents.",
"Ireland has been a member state of the European Union since 1973, but has chosen to remain outside the Schengen Area.",
"Citizens of the United Kingdom can freely enter the country without a passport due to the Common Travel Area, which is a passport-free zone comprising the islands of Ireland, Great Britain, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.",
"However, some identification is required at airports and seaports."
] | [
2
] |
Performing arts | What kind of Uttar Pradesh dance is considered a classical dance by India's National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama? | India | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
5,
6
] | [
"Indian music ranges over various traditions and regional styles.",
"Classical music encompasses two genres and their various folk offshoots: the northern Hindustani and southern Carnatic schools.",
"Regionalised popular forms include filmi and folk music; the syncretic tradition of the \"bauls\" is a well-known form of the latter.",
"Indian dance also features diverse folk and classical forms.",
"Among the better-known folk dances are the \"bhangra\" of the Punjab, the \"bihu\" of Assam, the \"chhau\" of West Bengal and Jharkhand,\"Garba\" and \"Dandiya\" of Gujarat, \"sambalpuri\" of Odisha, \"ghoomar\" of Rajasthan, and the \"lavani\" of Maharashtra.",
"Eight dance forms, many with narrative forms and mythological elements, have been accorded classical dance status by India's National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama.",
"These are: \"bharatanatyam\" of the state of Tamil Nadu, \"kathak\" of Uttar Pradesh, \"kathakali\" and \"mohiniyattam\" of Kerala,\" kuchipudi\" of Andhra Pradesh, \"manipuri\" of Manipur, \"odissi\" of Odisha, and the \"sattriya\" of Assam.",
"Theatre in India melds music, dance, and improvised or written dialogue.",
"Often based on Hindu mythology, but also borrowing from medieval romances or social and political events, Indian theatre includes the \"bhavai\" of Gujarat, the \"jatra\" of West Bengal, the \"nautanki\" and \"ramlila\" of North India, \"tamasha\" of Maharashtra, \"burrakatha\" of Andhra Pradesh, \"terukkuttu\" of Tamil Nadu, and the \"yakshagana\" of Karnataka."
] | [
0
] |
Wind considerations | How much does the Eiffel tower sway in the wind? | Eiffel Tower | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
6
] | [
"At the time the tower was built many people were shocked by its daring shape.",
"Eiffel was accused of trying to create something artistic without regard to engineering.",
"However, Eiffel and his engineers, as experienced bridge builders, understood the importance of wind forces and knew that if they were going to build the tallest structure in the world they had to be certain it would withstand them.",
"In an interview with the newspaper \"Le Temps (Paris)\" of 14 February 1887, Eiffel said:Eiffel used empirical and graphical methods accounting for the effects of wind rather than a specific mathematical formula.",
"Careful examination of the tower shows a basically exponential shape (actually two different exponentials, the lower section overdesigned to ensure resistance to wind forces.",
"Several mathematical explanations have been proposed over the years for the success of the design; the most recent is described as a nonlinear integral equation based on counterbalancing the wind pressure on any point on the tower with the tension between the construction elements at that point.",
"As proof of the tower's effectiveness in wind resistance, it sways only 6–7 cm (2–3 in) in the wind."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | What comprises the majority of Egypt's economy? | Egypt | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
10
] | [
"Egypt ( \"\"), is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.",
"Most of its territory of lies within the Nile Valley of North Africa and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.",
"With over 86 million inhabitants, Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East, and the 15th-most populated in the world.",
"The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about , where the only arable land is found.",
"The large regions of the Sahara Desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited.",
"About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.",
"Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern state, having been continuously inhabited since the 10th millennium BC.",
"Its monuments, such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, were constructed by its ancient civilization, which was one of the most powerful of its time and one of the first six civilizations to arise independently in the world.",
"Its ancient ruins, such as those of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings outside Luxor, are a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest from around the world.",
"Egypt's rich cultural legacy, as well as the attraction of its Red Sea Riviera, have made tourism a vital part of the economy, employing about 12 percent of the country's workforce.",
"The economy of Egypt is one of the most diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and services at almost equal production levels.",
"Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power, with significant cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world."
] | [
0
] |
Music | Who was the composer and conductor for "Toy Story 3"'s film store? | Toy Story 3 | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"The film score for \"Toy Story 3\" was composed and conducted by Randy Newman, his sixth for Pixar after \"Toy Story\", \"A Bug's Life\", \"Toy Story 2\", \"Monsters, Inc.\", and \"Cars\".",
"Initially, Disney released the soundtrack only as digital download.",
"This was the second instance where Disney did not release the award-winning soundtrack of a Pixar film on CD, the first being \"Up\".",
"In January 2012, Intrada released the \"Toy Story 3\" soundtrack on Compact Disc.",
"In addition to the tracks included in the soundtrack album, the film also uses several other tracks such as \"Dream Weaver\" by Gary Wright, \"Le Freak\" by Chic, and Randy Newman's original version of \"You've Got a Friend in Me.\"",
"Furthermore, tracks \"Cowboy!\"",
"and \"Come to Papa\" included material from Newman's rejected score to \"Air Force One\".",
"The song \"Losing You\" from Newman's own album \"Harps and Angels\" was also used in the first trailer for the film.",
"The Judas Priest song \"Electric Eye\" was also used in the film in the temp score for the opening scene of \"Toy Story 3\".",
"The aliens are playing the tune in their sports car.",
"The song was ultimately replaced by another piece of music."
] | [
3
] |
Key elements | What does the taller Captain symbolize? | The Night Watch | false | 3ART
| [
12
] | [
"The painting is renowned for three characteristics: its colossal size (), the effective use of light and shadow (chiaroscuro), and the perception of motion in what would have traditionally been a static military portrait.",
"The painting was completed in 1642, at the peak of the Dutch Golden Age.",
"It depicts the eponymous company moving out, led by Captain Frans Banning Cocq (dressed in black, with a red sash) and his lieutenant, Willem van Ruytenburch (dressed in yellow, with a white sash).",
"With effective use of sunlight and shade, Rembrandt leads the eye to the three most important characters among the crowd, the two gentlemen in the centre (from whom the painting gets its original title), and the small girl in the centre left background.",
"Behind them, the company's colours are carried by the ensign, Jan Visscher Cornelissen.",
"Rembrandt has displayed the traditional emblem of the Arquebusiers in the painting in a natural way: the girl in yellow dress in the background is carrying the main symbols.",
"She is a kind-of mascot herself: the claws of a dead chicken on her belt represent the \"clauweniers\" (arquebusiers); the pistol behind the chicken stands for 'clover'; and, she is holding the militia's goblet.",
"The man in front of her is wearing a helmet with an oak leaf, a traditional motif of the Arquebusiers.",
"The dead chicken is also meant to represent a defeated adversary.",
"The colour yellow is often associated with victory.",
"Another interpretation proposes that Rembrandt designed this painting with several layers of meaning, as was common among the most talented artists.",
"Thus, the\" Night Watch\" is symmetrically divided, firstly to illustrate the union between the Dutch Protestants and the Dutch Catholics, and secondly to evoke the war effort against the Spaniards.",
"For instance, accordingly to Rembrandt's multilayered design, the taller Captain (in black) symbolizes the Dutch Protestant leadership, loyally supported by the Dutch Catholics (represented by the shorter Lieutenant, in yellow).",
"Moreover, all characters of this painting were conceived to present double readings."
] | [
0
] |
Video game | Did Marlon Brando provide voice work for the game? | The Godfather | false | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"In March 2006, a video game version of \"The Godfather\" was released by Electronic Arts.",
"Before his death, Marlon Brando provided voice work for Vito; however, owing to poor sound quality from Brando's failing health, only parts of the recordings could be used.",
"A sound-alike's voice had to be used in the \"missing parts\".",
"James Caan, Robert Duvall, and Abe Vigoda lent their voices and likenesses as well, and several other \"Godfather\" cast members had their likeness in the game.",
"However, Al Pacino's likeness and voice (Michael Corleone) was not in the game as Al Pacino sold his likeness and voice exclusively for use in the \"\" video game.",
"Francis Ford Coppola said in April 2005 that he was not informed and did not approve of Paramount allowing the game's production, and openly criticized the move."
] | [] |
Background | At what year did Kennedy take office as New York Senator? | Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
4
] | [
"Kennedy visited the British Mandate of Palestine in 1948 and wrote dispatches at the time for the \"Boston Post\" about his trip and the effect it had on him when he was twenty-two years old.",
"During his stay, he wrote that he grew to admire the Jewish inhabitants of the area.",
"As a Senator, he later became a strong supporter and advocate for Israel.",
"Kennedy was United States Attorney General from January 1961 until September 3, 1964, when he resigned to run for election to the United States Senate.",
"He took office as Senator from New York on January 3, 1965.",
"The run up to the 1968 presidential election saw the incumbent president, Lyndon B. Johnson, serving during a period of social unrest.",
"There were riots in the major cities despite Johnson's attempts to introduce anti-poverty and anti-discrimination legislation, and there was significant opposition to the ongoing military action in Vietnam.",
"The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4, 1968 led to further riots across the US.",
"Kennedy entered the race for the Democratic Party's nomination for president on March 16, 1968—four days after Senator Eugene McCarthy received a large percentage of the vote in the New Hampshire primary against the incumbent President (42% to Johnson's 49%).",
"Two weeks later, a demoralized Johnson announced he was no longer seeking re-election.",
"One month later, Vice President Hubert Humphrey announced he would seek the presidency.",
"Humphrey did not participate in any primaries but he did obtain the support of many Democratic Party delegates.",
"Following the California primary, Kennedy was in second place with 393 delegates compared to Humphrey's 561."
] | [
0
] |
Music video | Where was LMFAO's Sexy and I know it filmed? | Sexy and I Know It | true | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"The music video for \"Sexy and I Know It\" was filmed in Venice, California, and uploaded on LMFAO's YouTube channel on September 16, 2011.",
"It features Redfoo and a group of men including Hok from Quest Crew, The Shuffle Bot, and Q dancing around town in Speedos in front of women.",
"In several scenes it shows Redfoo lifting weights.",
"Chelsea Korka, Ron Jeremy, Wilmer Valderrama, Alistair Overeem, Victor Kim, Steve Terada, Jamie Foxx, Lola Blanc, Ryan Conferido, Hokuto \"Hok\" Konishi, Roseanne Barr, Ryan Feng of Quest Crew, Mindy Robinson of \"Take Me Out\", Angelo Marconi, Darren Mabee, Darla George, and Simon Rex all have cameos in the video.",
"One of the more memorable scenes is that of Redfoo, Q, the Shuffle Bot, and members of Quest Crew having a \"wiggle off\" with the \"@SkysNuts\" group.",
"After the wiggle off, it shows Redfoo taking off his speedo with another one under it and SkyBlu getting a baseball bat and trying to hit Redfoo with it.",
"After that, a variety of people from throughout the video are seen walking down a table surrounded by a crowd doing various things, along with people taking off their pants, dancing, and a man shaking his abdomen.",
"The music video on YouTube was flagged for sexual content.",
"The final shot of the video pays homage to the final shot of Michael Jackson's \"Thriller\" video: it shows the Shuffle Bot leaving with the girls while it turns its head towards the camera behind it and the image freezes."
] | [
4
] |
Abstract | Where is the Mount Rushmore National Memorial? | Mount Rushmore | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"The Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore (Lakota Sioux name: Six Grandfathers) near Keystone, South Dakota, in the United States.",
"Sculpted by Danish-American Gutzon Borglum and his son, Lincoln Borglum, Mount Rushmore features sculptures of the heads of four United States presidents: George Washington (1732–1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), and Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865).",
"The entire memorial covers and is above sea level.",
"South Dakota historian Doane Robinson is credited with conceiving the idea of carving the likenesses of famous people into the Black Hills region of South Dakota in order to promote tourism in the region.",
"Robinson's initial idea was to sculpt the Needles; however, Gutzon Borglum rejected the Needles site because of the poor quality of the granite and strong opposition from Native American groups.",
"They settled on the Mount Rushmore location, which also has the advantage of facing southeast for maximum sun exposure.",
"Robinson wanted it to feature western heroes like Lewis and Clark, Red Cloud, and Buffalo Bill Cody, but Borglum decided the sculpture should have a more national focus and chose the four presidents whose likenesses would be carved into the mountain.",
"After securing federal funding through the enthusiastic sponsorship of \"Mount Rushmore's great political patron,\" U.S.",
"Senator Peter Norbeck, construction on the memorial began in 1927, and the presidents' faces were completed between 1934 and 1939.",
"Upon Gutzon Borglum's death in March 1941, his son Lincoln Borglum took over construction.",
"Although the initial concept called for each president to be depicted from head to waist, lack of funding forced construction to end in late October 1941.",
"Mount Rushmore has become an iconic symbol of presidential greatness and has appeared in works of fiction, and has been discussed or depicted in other popular works.",
"It attracts nearly three million people annually."
] | [
4
] |
Cast | Which actress played Veronica in "Silver Linings Playbook"? | Silver Linings Playbook | true | 6MOVIES
| [
6
] | [
" Bradley Cooper as Patrick \"Pat\" Solatano, Jr.",
" Jennifer Lawrence as Tiffany Maxwell",
" Robert De Niro as Patrizio \"Pat\" Solatano, Sr.",
" Jacki Weaver as Dolores Solatano",
" Anupam Kher as Dr. Cliff Patel",
" Chris Tucker as Danny McDaniels",
" Julia Stiles as Veronica",
" Brea Bee as Nikki Solatano",
" Shea Whigham as Jake Solatano",
" John Ortiz as Ronnie",
" Paul Herman as Randy",
" Dash Mihok as Officer Keogh"
] | [] |
Synopsis | Who played the female coworker in Payphone? | Payphone (song) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
3
] | [
"The video begins with a flashforward that starts with a beleaguered Levine torching his ride and dialing (possibly) his lost love's telephone number at a payphone.",
"Another typical day at a Las Vegas (seen from the decals on the police cars) bank for Levine is shown next, which turns into chaos when some bandits enter and take charge (one of them is played by the band's lead guitarist – James Valentine – and some of the other bank robbers are probably played by drummer Matt Flynn, bassist Mickey Madden and current keyboardist, originally a touring-only band member, PJ Morton) – all of this happens while the song plays in the background.",
"Levine grabs a gun from one of the robbers and threatens to get rid of them.",
"He and his female co-worker (played by Dutch model Bregje Heinen) escape though Levine is shot in the arm, but when some cops mistake him for one of the robbers, Levine tells the female co-worker to hide in a car and steals an AC Cobra 427 that belongs to Wiz Khalifa to get away from them.",
"A car chase follows and when Levine is almost caught by the police, he steers the stolen convertible onto the wrong side of the road and causes a huge explosion, which destroys one of the police cars.",
"When he finally reaches his destination in Los Angeles, he passes by a place where Wiz, the owner of the car, performed his rap earlier.",
"After Levine gets out of the convertible, it also explodes and he enters a booth, injured, with the titular payphone, probably to call for help (It is also likely that he is calling Heinen) – this connects to the beginning of the video."
] | [
3
] |
Salvador Dalí and the Spanish Civil War | During a strike and armed uprising by Catalan seperatists, who was trapped? | Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War) | true | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"Dalí and his wife, Gala, were trapped in the middle of a general strike and an armed uprising by Catalan separatists in 1934, in Catalonia, and this may have influenced his Spanish Civil War motif.",
"Salvador and Gala had to run away to Paris, where they got married.",
"Dalí and Gala had hired an escort to take them safely to Paris, but the escort died on his return because of the stresses of the Spanish Civil War.",
"When Dalí had finally returned home, his house in Port Lligat was destroyed by the war.",
"He was also greatly affected because his friend was executed in the war and his sister Ana Maria was imprisoned and tortured."
] | [
3
] |
Release | Where is the El Capital Theatre located? | Toy Story 3 | false | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"",
"\"Toy Story 3\" had its world-wide premiere on June 12, 2010, opening at Taormina Film Fest in Italy.",
"In the United States, it premiered on June 13, 2010 at El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California.",
"El Capitan also hosted on June 17, 2010 a \"Toy Story\" marathon, showing for the first time all three \"Toy Story\" films together.",
"The film went into its wide release on June 18, 2010, along with a release to IMAX 3D theaters.",
"The film was theatrically accompanied with the Pixar short film \"Day & Night\", which focuses on what happens when an animated personification of Day meets his opposite, Night, and the resulting growth for both."
] | [
4
] |
Abstract | How many themed areas does the park contain? | Tokyo Disneyland | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"There are seven themed areas in the park: the World Bazaar; the four classic Disney lands: Adventureland, Westernland, Fantasyland and Tomorrowland; and two mini-lands: Critter Country and Mickey's Toontown.",
"Many of the games and rides in these areas mirror those in the original Disneyland as they are based on American Disney films and fantasies.",
"Fantasyland includes Peter Pan's Flight, Snow White's Scary Adventures, Dumbo the Flying Elephant, and more based on classic Disney films and characters.",
"The park is noted for its extensive open spaces, to accommodate the large crowds that visit the park.",
"In 2009, Tokyo Disneyland hosted approximately 13.65 million guests, ranking it as the third-most visited theme park in the world, behind its American sister parks, Magic Kingdom in Orlando and Disneyland Park in Anaheim.",
"In 2011, the park hosted 14 million visitors, again ranking it as the world's third most visited theme park."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | What is the Picasso painting, "Dora Maar with Cat," of? | Dora Maar au Chat | true | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"Dora Maar au Chat (\"Dora Maar with Cat\") is a 1941 painting by Pablo Picasso.",
"It depicts Dora Maar, the painter's lover, seated on a chair with a small cat perched on her shoulders.",
"This work is one of the world's most expensive paintings."
] | [
0
] |
Biota and environment | What is a major emitter of greenhouse gases in Indonesia? | Indonesia | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
19
] | [
"Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography, support the world's second highest level of biodiversity (after Brazil), and its flora and fauna is a mixture of Asian and Australasian species.",
"The islands of the Sunda Shelf (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Bali) were once linked to the Asian mainland, and have a wealth of Asian fauna.",
"Large species such as the tiger, rhinoceros, orangutan, elephant, and leopard, were once abundant as far east as Bali, but numbers and distribution have dwindled drastically.",
"Forests cover approximately 60% of the country.",
"In Sumatra and Kalimantan, these are predominantly of Asian species.",
"However, the forests of the smaller, and more densely populated Java, have largely been removed for human habitation and agriculture.",
"Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku – having been long separated from the continental landmasses—have developed their own unique flora and fauna.",
"Papua was part of the Australian landmass, and is home to a unique fauna and flora closely related to that of Australia, including over 600 bird species.",
"Indonesia is second only to Australia in terms of total endemic species, with 36% of its 1,531 species of bird and 39% of its 515 species of mammal being endemic.",
"Indonesia's of coastline are surrounded by tropical seas that contribute to the country's high level of biodiversity.",
"Indonesia has a range of sea and coastal ecosystems, including beaches, sand dunes, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass beds, coastal mudflats, tidal flats, algal beds, and small island ecosystems.",
"Indonesia is one of Coral Triangle countries with the world's greatest diversity of coral reef fish with more than 1,650 species in eastern Indonesia only.",
"The British naturalist, Alfred Wallace, described a dividing line between the distribution and peace of Indonesia's Asian and Australasian species.",
"Known as the Wallace Line, it runs roughly north-south along the edge of the Sunda Shelf, between Kalimantan and Sulawesi, and along the deep Lombok Strait, between Lombok and Bali.",
"West of the line the flora and fauna are more Asian; moving east from Lombok, they are increasingly Australian.",
"In his 1869 book, \"The Malay Archipelago\", Wallace described numerous species unique to the area.",
"The region of islands between his line and New Guinea is now termed Wallacea.",
"Indonesia's high population and rapid industrialization present serious environmental issues, which are often given a lower priority due to high poverty levels and weak, under-resourced governance.",
"Issues include large-scale deforestation (much of it illegal) and related wildfires causing heavy smog over parts of western Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore; over-exploitation of marine resources; and environmental problems associated with rapid urbanization and economic development, including air pollution, traffic congestion, garbage management, and reliable water and waste water services.",
"Deforestation and the destruction of peatlands make Indonesia the world's third largest emitter of greenhouse gases.",
"Habitat destruction threatens the survival of indigenous and endemic species, including 140 species of mammals identified by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) as threatened, and 15 identified as critically endangered, including Bali Starling, Sumatran Orangutan, and Javan Rhinoceros.",
"Much of Indonesia's deforestation is caused by forest clearing for the palm oil Industry, which has cleared 18 million hectares of forest for palm oil expansion.",
"Palm oil expansion requires land reallocation as well as changes to the local and natural ecosystems.",
"Palm oil expansion can generate wealth for local communities if done right.",
"If down wrong it can degrade ecosystems and cause social conflicts."
] | [
0
] |
Development | What month and year did Schwartz write the pilot of "Gossip Girl"? | Gossip Girl | true | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"The \"Gossip Girl\" book series was originally supposed to be adapted into a film starring Lindsay Lohan with head \"Gilmore Girls\" creator Amy Sherman-Palladino.",
"When the film project did not get off the ground, Stephanie Savage and Josh Schwartz took over the project to create a television series.",
"As of October 2006, Schwartz was working on the pilot.",
"He said: \"I was very skeptical.",
"I don't want to do \"The O.C.",
"NYC\".",
"But I thought the books were smart.",
"The characters are worldly in a way that Orange County kids aren't.\"",
"The characteristics for each character in the pilot were based on the first \"Gossip Girl\" book.",
"In January 2007, the show was given the green light by The CW."
] | [
0
] |
Release of the tapes | What did the tapes reveal? | Watergate scandal | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"The tapes revealed several crucial conversations that took place between the President and his counsel, John Dean, on March 21, 1973.",
"In this conversation, Dean summarized many aspects of the Watergate case, and focused on the subsequent coverup, describing it as a \"cancer on the presidency.\"",
"The burglary team was being paid hush money for their silence and Dean stated: \"That's the most troublesome post-thing, because Bob is involved in that; John [Ehrlichman is involved in that; I am involved in that; Mitchell is involved in that.",
"And that's an obstruction of justice.\"",
"Dean continues and states that Howard Hunt is blackmailing the White House, demanding money immediately, and President Nixon replies that the blackmail money should be paid: \"…just looking at the immediate problem, don't you have to have – handle Hunt's financial situation damn soon?",
"[…] you've got to keep the cap on the bottle that much, in order to have any options.",
"\"At the time of the initial congressional impeachment, it was not known if Nixon had known and approved of the payments to the Watergate defendants earlier than this conversation.",
"Nixon's conversation with Haldeman on August 1, 1972, is one of several that establishes this.",
"Nixon states: \"Well…they have to be paid.",
"That's all there is to that.",
"They have to be paid.\"",
"During the congressional debate on impeachment, some believed that impeachment required a criminally indictable offense.",
"President Nixon's agreement to make the blackmail payments was regarded as an affirmative act to obstruct justice.",
"On December 7, 1973, it was found that an 18½ minute portion of one recorded tape had been erased.",
"Nixon's longtime personal secretary, Rose Mary Woods, said she had accidentally erased the tape by pushing the wrong pedal on her tape player when answering the phone.",
"The press ran photos showing that it was unlikely for Woods to answer the phone and keep her foot on the pedal.",
"Later forensic analysis determined that the tape had been erased in several segments – at least five, and perhaps as many as nine."
] | [
0
] |
Categories | Where are metals located on the periodic table? | Periodic table | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"The elements can be conveniently classified according to their shared physical and chemical properties into the major categories of metals, metalloids and nonmetals.",
"Metals are generally located to the left and bottom of the periodic table.",
"They are ordinarily shiny, highly conducting solids which form alloys with one another and salt-like ionic compounds with nonmetals.",
"Nonmetals are located to the right and top.",
"They are mostly coloured or colourless insulating gases that form covalent compounds with one another.",
"In between metals and nonmetals are metalloids, which have intermediate or mixed properties.",
"Metal and nonmetals can be further classified into similar subcategories that show a left to right gradation in metallic to non-metallic properties.",
"The metals are divided into the highly reactive alkali metals, through the less reactive alkaline earth metals, lanthanides and actinides, via the archetypal transition metals, and ending in the physically and chemically weak other metals.",
"The nonmetals are simply subdivided into the polyatomic nonmetals which, being nearest the metalloids, show some incipient metallic character; the diatomic nonmetals, which are essentially nonmetallic; and the monatomic noble gases, which are almost completely inert and nonmetallic.",
"Specialized groupings such as the refractory metals and the noble metals, which are subsets (in this example) of the transition metals, are also known and occasionally denoted.",
"Placing the elements into categories and subcategories based on shared properties is imperfect.",
"There is a spectrum of properties within each category and it is not hard to find overlaps at the boundaries, as is the case with most classification schemes.",
"Beryllium, for example, is classified as an alkaline earth metal although its amphoteric chemistry and tendency to mostly form covalent compounds are both attributes of a chemically weak or other metal.",
"Radon is classified as a nonmetal and a noble gas yet has some cationic chemistry that is more characteristic of a metal.",
"Other classification schemes are possible such as the division of the elements into mineralogical occurrence categories, or crystalline structures.",
"Categorising the elements in this fashion dates back to at least 1869 when Hinrichs wrote that simple boundary lines could be drawn on the periodic table to show elements having like properties, such as the metals and the nonmetals, or the gaseous elements."
] | [
4
] |
Home fronts and production | In 1938, who's population was larger, The Western Allies or the European Axis? | World War II | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1
] | [
"In Europe, before the outbreak of the war, the Allies had significant advantages in both population and economics.",
"In 1938, the Western Allies (United Kingdom, France, Poland and British Dominions) had a 30 percent larger population and a 30 percent higher gross domestic product than the European Axis (Germany and Italy); if colonies are included, it then gives the Allies more than a 5:1 advantage in population and nearly 2:1 advantage in GDP.",
"In Asia at the same time, China had roughly six times the population of Japan, but only an 89 percent higher GDP; this is reduced to three times the population and only a 38 percent higher GDP if Japanese colonies are included.",
"Though the Allies' economic and population advantages were largely mitigated during the initial rapid blitzkrieg attacks of Germany and Japan, they became the decisive factor by 1942, after the United States and Soviet Union joined the Allies, as the war largely settled into one of attrition.",
"While the Allies' ability to out-produce the Axis is often attributed to the Allies having more access to natural resources, other factors, such as Germany and Japan's reluctance to employ women in the labour force, Allied strategic bombing, and Germany's late shift to a war economy contributed significantly.",
"Additionally, neither Germany nor Japan planned to fight a protracted war, and were not equipped to do so.",
"To improve their production, Germany and Japan used millions of slave labourers; Germany used about 12 million people, mostly from Eastern Europe, while Japan pressed more than 18 million people in Far East Asia."
] | [
3
] |
Storybook Circus | Michkey's Toontown Fair was closed and Storybrook Circus opened, when did that happen? | Magic Kingdom | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
3,
4
] | [
"Part of Fantasyland, Storybook Circus is located at the former site of Mickey's Toontown Fair, and is based on elements from \"Dumbo\" and the Mickey Mouse universe.",
"Attractions include The Barnstormer and Dumbo the Flying Elephant, which was removed from its former location on January 8, 2012.",
"Also included is the Casey Jr. Splash n' Soak Station (a water play area themed to Casey Jr., the train from \"Dumbo\").",
"Storybook Circus began soft openings on March 12, 2012, with more parts opening on March 31.",
"Mickey's Toontown Fair closed permanently on February 11, 2011, to make way for Storybook Circus.",
"Some elements of Mickey's Toontown Fair were demolished, and others were re-themed to fit the circus concept.",
"An expanded Dumbo the Flying Elephant ride was built, with an interactive queue, and a second Dumbo ride was built next to it, in order to increase capacity.",
"The Barnstormer at Goofy's Wiseacre Farm was re-themed to \"The Great Goofini\".",
"A big top area was built for meet-and-greets, called Pete's Silly Sideshow.",
"This attraction features Goofy as a stuntman, Minnie as a magician, Daisy as a fortune-teller, and Donald as a snake-charmer."
] | [
2
] |
On other planets | On which planets have scientists seen auroras? | Aurora | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
9
] | [
"",
"[[Image:Saturns Northern Aurora still.jpg|thumb|An aurora high above the northern part of Saturn; image taken by the Cassini spacecraft,a movie (click on image), shows images from 81 hours of observations of Saturn's aurora]]Both Jupiter and Saturn have magnetic fields much stronger than Earth's (Jupiter's equatorial field strength is 4.3 gauss, compared to 0.3 gauss for Earth), and both have large radiation belts.",
"Auroras have been observed on both, most clearly with the Hubble Space Telescope.",
"Uranus and Neptune have also been observed to have auroras.",
"The auroras on the gas giants seem, like Earth's, to be powered by the solar wind.",
"In addition, however, Jupiter's moons, especially Io, are powerful sources of auroras on Jupiter.",
"These arise from electric currents along field lines (\"field aligned currents\"), generated by a dynamo mechanism due to the relative motion between the rotating planet and the moving moon.",
"Io, which has active volcanism and an ionosphere, is a particularly strong source, and its currents also generate radio emissions, studied since 1955.",
"Auroras also have been observed on the surfaces of Io, Europa, and Ganymede, using the Hubble Space Telescope.",
"These auroras have also been observed on Venus and Mars.",
"Because Venus has no intrinsic (planetary) magnetic field, Venusian auroras appear as bright and diffuse patches of varying shape and intensity, sometimes distributed across the full planetary disc.",
"Venusian auroras are produced by the impact of electrons originating from the solar wind and precipitating in the night-side atmosphere.",
"An aurora was also detected on Mars, on 14 August 2004, by the SPICAM instrument aboard Mars Express.",
"The aurora was located at Terra Cimmeria, in the region of 177° East, 52° South.",
"The total size of the emission region was about 30 km across, and possibly about 8 km high.",
"By analyzing a map of crustal magnetic anomalies compiled with data from Mars Global Surveyor, scientists observed that the region of the emissions corresponded to an area where the strongest magnetic field is localized.",
"This correlation indicates that the origin of the light emission was a flux of electrons moving along the crust magnetic lines and exciting the upper atmosphere of Mars."
] | [] |
Organ | How many pipes doe the organ at Notre Dame de Paris have? | Notre Dame de Paris | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
5
] | [
"Though several organs were installed in the cathedral over time, the earliest ones were inadequate for the building.",
"The first noteworthy organ was finished in the 18th century by the noted builder François-Henri Clicquot.",
"Some of Clicquot's original pipework in the pedal division continues to sound from the organ today.",
"The organ was almost completely rebuilt and expanded in the 19th century by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll.",
"The position of titular organist (\"head\" or \"chief\" organist) at Notre-Dame is considered one of the most prestigious organist posts in France, along with the post of titular organist of Saint Sulpice in Paris, Cavaillé-Coll's largest instrument.",
"The organ has 7,374 pipes, with ca 900 classified as historical.",
"It has 110 real stops, five 56-key manuals and a 32-key pedalboard.",
"In December 1992, a two-year restoration of the organ was completed that fully computerized the organ under three LANs (Local Area Networks).",
"The restoration also included a number of additions, notably two further horizontal reed stops \"en chamade\" in the Cavaille-Coll style.",
"The Notre-Dame organ is therefore unique in France in having five fully independent reed stops \"en chamade\"."
] | [
5
] |
Geography and climate | What nation is the leader in solar energy use per capita? | Israel | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
20
] | [
"Israel is at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, bounded by Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank to the east, and Egypt and the Gaza strip to the southwest.",
"It lies between latitudes 29° and 34° N, and longitudes 34° and 36° E. The sovereign territory of Israel, excluding all territories captured by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War, is approximately in area, of which two percent is water.",
"However Israel is so narrow that the exclusive economic zone in the Mediterranean is double the land area of the country.",
"The total area under Israeli law, including East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, is , and the total area under Israeli control, including the military-controlled and partially Palestinian-governed territory of the West Bank, is .",
"Despite its small size, Israel is home to a variety of geographic features, from the Negev desert in the south to the inland fertile Jezreel Valley, mountain ranges of the Galilee, Carmel and toward the Golan in the north.",
"The Israeli Coastal Plain on the shores of the Mediterranean is home to 57 percent of the nation's population.",
"East of the central highlands lies the Jordan Rift Valley, which forms a small part of the Great Rift Valley.",
"The Jordan River runs along the Jordan Rift Valley, from Mount Hermon through the Hulah Valley and the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, the lowest point on the surface of the Earth.",
"Further south is the Arabah, ending with the Gulf of Eilat, part of the Red Sea.",
"Unique to Israel and the Sinai Peninsula are makhteshim, or erosion cirques.",
"The largest makhtesh in the world is Ramon Crater in the Negev, which measures .",
"A report on the environmental status of the Mediterranean basin states that Israel has the largest number of plant species per square meter of all the countries in the basin.",
"Temperatures in Israel vary widely, especially during the winter.",
"The more mountainous regions can be windy, cold, and sometimes snowy; Jerusalem usually receives at least one snowfall each year.",
"Meanwhile, coastal cities, such as Tel Aviv and Haifa, have a typical Mediterranean climate with cool, rainy winters and long, hot summers.",
"The area of Beersheba and the Northern Negev has a semi-arid climate with hot summers, cool winters and fewer rainy days than the Mediterranean climate.",
"The Southern Negev and the Arava areas have desert climate with very hot and dry summers, and mild winters with few days of rain.",
"The highest temperature in the continent of Asia () was recorded in 1942 at Tirat Zvi kibbutz in the northern Jordan river valley.",
"From May to September, rain in Israel is rare.",
"With scarce water resources, Israel has developed various water-saving technologies, including drip irrigation.",
"Israelis also take advantage of the considerable sunlight available for solar energy, making Israel the leading nation in solar energy use per capita (practically every house uses solar panels for water heating).",
"Four different phytogeographic regions exist in Israel, due to the country's location between the temperate and the tropical zones, bordering the Mediterranean Sea in the west and the desert in the east.",
"For this reason the flora and fauna of Israel is extremely diverse.",
"There are 2,867 known species of plants found in Israel.",
"Of these, at least 253 species are introduced and non-native.",
"There are 380 Israeli nature reserves."
] | [
0
] |
Vaccines | What is the number of viral infections that vaccines can prevent? | Virus | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
4
] | [
"Vaccination is a cheap and effective way of preventing infections by viruses.",
"Vaccines were used to prevent viral infections long before the discovery of the actual viruses.",
"Their use has resulted in a dramatic decline in morbidity (illness) and mortality (death) associated with viral infections such as polio, measles, mumps and rubella.",
"Smallpox infections have been eradicated.",
"Vaccines are available to prevent over thirteen viral infections of humans, and more are used to prevent viral infections of animals.",
"Vaccines can consist of live-attenuated or killed viruses, or viral proteins (antigens).",
"Live vaccines contain weakened forms of the virus, which do not cause the disease but, nonetheless, confer immunity.",
"Such viruses are called attenuated.",
"Live vaccines can be dangerous when given to people with a weak immunity, (who are described as immunocompromised), because in these people, the weakened virus can cause the original disease.",
"Biotechnology and genetic engineering techniques are used to produce subunit vaccines.",
"These vaccines use only the capsid proteins of the virus.",
"Hepatitis B vaccine is an example of this type of vaccine.",
"Subunit vaccines are safe for immunocompromised patients because they cannot cause the disease.",
"The yellow fever virus vaccine, a live-attenuated strain called 17D, is probably the safest and most effective vaccine ever generated."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Who are the four key resident companies of the Sydney Opera House? | Sydney Opera House | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
6
] | [
"The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.",
"Situated on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour, close to the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the facility is adjacent to the Sydney central business district and the Royal Botanic Gardens, between Sydney and Farm Coves.",
"Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, the facility formally opened on 20 October 1973 after a gestation beginning with Utzon's 1957 selection as winner of an international design competition.",
"The NSW Government, led by Premier Joseph Cahill, authorised work to begin in 1958, with Utzon directing construction.",
"The government's decision to build Utzon's design is often overshadowed by circumstances that followed, including cost and scheduling overruns as well as the architect's ultimate resignation.",
"Though its name suggests a single venue, the project comprises multiple performance venues which together are among the busiest performing arts centres in the world — hosting over 1,500 performances each year attended by some 1.2 million people.",
"The venues produce and present a wide range of in-house productions and accommodate numerous performing arts companies, including four key resident companies: Opera Australia, The Australian Ballet, the Sydney Theatre Company and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.",
"As one of the most popular visitor attractions in Australia, more than seven million people visit the site each year, with 300,000 people participating annually in a guided tour of the facility.",
"Identified as one of the 20th century's most distinctive buildings and one of the most famous performing arts centres in the world, the facility is managed by the Sydney Opera House Trust, under the auspices of the New South Wales Ministry of the Arts.",
"The Sydney Opera House became a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 28 June 2007."
] | [
3
] |
Similar dishes | What kind of food is served in Coney Island restaurants near Detroit? | Poutine | true | 9FOOD
| [
11
] | [
"",
"\"Chips and Gravy\" (\"chips\" being the British term for thicker French fries) is a staple of the cheaper bistro style menus, in such places as Royal Canadian Legion and Workers Clubs.",
"In Newfoundland and Labrador, most non-national chain restaurants serve a traditional dish called chips, dressing and gravy (a.k.a.",
"\"Newfie fries\").",
"\"Dressing\" is a mixture of mainly white bread crumbs and savoury and is often referred to as \"stuffing\" outside of Atlantic Canada.",
"Chips, dressing and gravy is served much like poutine, except for the dressing substituting for the cheese.",
"While loved by Newfoundlanders and Labradorians, the dish is not very widely known of outside the Canadian province, and within pockets of NL exiles.",
"In Prince Edward Island, a common dish is \"Fries with the Works\" which is fries with ground beef and onions, topped with thick beef gravy and fresh green peas.",
"\"Disco Fries\", also known as \"Elvis Fries,\" served in New Jersey and select New York City diners, are made with brown gravy, mozzarella, and heavier steak fries.",
"Elsewhere in the greater New York City area and Long Island, diners serve \"cheese fries,\" using either American (processed) cheese or mozzarella.",
"Diners in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut serve \"gravy-cheese-fries\" or even \"french fries with cheese and gravy\"; these are most commonly steak fries, brown gravy, and American cheese.",
"\"Chili Cheese Fries\" are served in Coney Island restaurants around Detroit, Michigan.",
"Shoestring French Fries are covered with the hot dog sauce (\"chili\" sauce) unique to the Detroit area, then covered with shredded cheddar cheese.",
"(See Coney Island (restaurant))In Southern California, the fast food chain Tommy's has a thick, brown gravy based meat chili, and the ingredients of their chili cheese fries are comparable to those of Poutine.",
"The chili is thicker, however, and the cheese is American cheese.",
"The American fast food diner chain Waffle House offers hashbrowns \"Covered\" in processed American cheese, \"Topped\" with chili, or \"Country\" with sausage gravy amongst other topping options.",
"The chain operates throughout the United States.",
"Cheese fries are also served in many diners in the American Southwest; in Texas, for example, they usually include at least one variety of grated Cheddar cheese, and are commonly served with ranch dressing and, sometimes, bacon, jalapenos and chives, whereas in New Mexico, the fries are typically served with green chili and cheese, creating a dish that combines two Southwest favorites, french fries and chile con queso.",
"The secret menu at In-N-Out Burger includes \"animal fries,\" a dish consisting of cheese, grilled onions, and the chain's \"secret sauce\" over fries.",
"Around Chicago in Northern Illinois, up though Wisconsin and into Minnesota, cheese fries are often made using a natural cheddar spread such as Merkt's brand, which has an intense flavor and distinctive texture.",
"Chili cheese fries are a common variation."
] | [
0
] |
Health | The ministry plans to add how many hospitals to the current 14? | United Arab Emirates | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
4
] | [
"The life expectancy at birth in the UAE is at 78.5 years.",
"Cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of death in the UAE, constituting 28% of total deaths; other major causes are accidents and injuries, malignancies, and congenital anomalies.",
"In February 2008, the Ministry of Health unveiled a five-year health strategy for the public health sector in the northern emirates, which fall under its purview and which, unlike Abu Dhabi and Dubai, do not have separate healthcare authorities.",
"The strategy focuses on unifyinghealthcare policy and improving access to healthcare services at reasonable cost, at the same time reducing dependence on overseas treatment.",
"The ministry plans to add three hospitals to the current 14, and 29 primary healthcare centres to the current 86.",
"Nine were scheduled to open in 2008.",
"The introduction of mandatory health insurance in Abu Dhabi for expatriates and their dependants was a major driver in reform of healthcare policy.",
"Abu Dhabi nationals were brought under the scheme from 1 June 2008 and Dubai followed for its government employees.",
"Eventually, under federal law, every Emirati and expatriate in the country will be covered by compulsory health insurance under a unified mandatory scheme.",
"Recently the country has been benefiting from medical tourists from all over the GCC.",
"The UAE currently attracts medical tourists seeking plastic surgery and advanced procedures, cardiac and spinal surgery, and dental treatment, as health services have higher standards than other Arab countries in the Persian Gulf."
] | [
5
] |
Demographics | In total, what percent of the entire population has been affected in some way? | Lebanon | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
16
] | [
"The population of Lebanon was estimated to be 4,125,247 in July 2010, however no official census has been conducted since 1932 due to the sensitive confessional political balance between Lebanon's various religious groups.",
"Identifying all Lebanese as ethnically Arab is a widely employed example of panethnicity since in reality, the Lebanese “are descended from many different peoples who have occupied, invaded, or settled this corner of the world,” making Lebanon, “a mosaic of closely interrelated cultures”.",
"While at first glance, this ethnic, linguistic, religious and denominational diversity might seem to cause civil and political unrest, “for much of Lebanon’s history this multitudinous diversity of religious communities has coexisted with little conflict”.",
"The fertility rate fell from 5.00 in 1971 to 1.75 in 2004.",
"Fertility rates vary considerably among the different religious groups: in 2004 it was 2.10 for Shiites, 1.76 Sunnis and 1.61 for Maronites.",
"Lebanon has witnessed a series of migration waves: over 1,500,000 people emigrated from the country in the 1975–2011 period.",
"Millions of people of Lebanese descent are spread throughout the world, mostly Christians, especially in Latin America.",
"Brazil has the largest expatriate population.",
"\"(See Lebanese Brazilians)\".",
"Large numbers of Lebanese migrated to West Africa, particularly to the Ivory Coast (home to over 100,000 Lebanese) and Senegal (roughly 30,000 Lebanese).",
"Australia is home to over 270,000 Lebanese (1999 est.",
"As of 2012, Lebanon was host to over 460,000 refugees and asylum seekers: 405,425 Palestinians, 50,000–60,000 from Iraq, over 80,000 from Syria, and 4,500 from Sudan.",
"Their primary sources of income are UNRWA aid and menial labor sought in competition with about 300,000 Syrian guest workers.",
"The latest estimates by the United Nations put the number of Syrian refugees at more than 850,000.",
"In the last three decades, lengthy and destructive armed conflicts have ravaged the country.",
"The majority of Lebanese have been affected by armed conflict; those with direct personal experience include 75% of the population, and most others report suffering a range of hardships.",
"In total, almost the entire population (96%) has been affected insome way – either personally or because of the wider consequences of armed conflict."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | who painted the mona lisa? | Mona Lisa | true | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"The Mona Lisa (Monna Lisa or La Gioconda in Italian; La Joconde in French) is a half-length portrait of a woman by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci, which has been acclaimed as \"the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world.",
"\"The painting, thought to be a portrait of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, is in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel, and is believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506, although Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517.",
"It was acquired by King Francis I of France and is now the property of the French Republic, on permanent display at The Louvre museum in Paris since 1797.",
"The ambiguity of the subject's expression, which is frequently described as enigmatic, the monumentality of the composition, the subtle modeling of forms and the atmospheric illusionism were novel qualities that have contributed to the continuing fascination and study of the work."
] | [
3
] |
History | What is the amount of parks that were bought by Anheuser-Busch from HBJ in 1989? | SeaWorld | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
19
] | [
"SeaWorld was opened in 1964 by Milton C. Shedd, Ken Norris, David Demott, and George Millay.",
"The four graduates of UCLA originally set out to build an underwater restaurant and marine life show.",
"When the underwater restaurant concept was deemed unfeasible, they scrapped those plans and decided to build a park instead, and SeaWorld San Diego was opened on March 21, 1964.",
"With only a few dolphins, sea lions, 6 attractions and , the park proved to be a success and more than 400,000 guests visited in the first 12 months.",
"After considering other locations in the midwest, including the Lake Milton/Newton Falls area west of Youngstown, Ohio, it was decided that Aurora, Ohio would be the new home of a SeaWorld.",
"The Aurora site was approximately northwest of the Lake Milton site, and southeast of Cleveland.",
"By this time the founders of the company had captured a few more species of animals, including a killer whale that was brought to the new facility.",
"The harsh winter climate permitted the park to be open only from mid-May until mid-September.",
"The Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida opened near the end of the second operating season of SeaWorld of Ohio.",
"The success of Disney in Orlando provided a location that was already popular with tourists.",
"SeaWorld Orlando opened in 1973.",
"Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (HBJ) purchased the company in 1976 and 12 years later they began a venture in Texas.",
"In 1988, SeaWorld San Antonio opened just a few miles outside of San Antonio.",
"Growth has pushed the city outwards, and now SeaWorld San Antonio lies in the Westover Hills community in West San Antonio.",
"The park was open year-round like its sister parks in California and Florida in 1988 and 1989, then went to a seasonal schedule.",
"The stress and financial resources it took to build and maintain a state-of-the-art marine mammal facility in the late '80s eventually took its toll on the company.",
"HBJ, whose primary focus was producing school books, needed to reduce its assets in order to avoid a bankruptcy.",
"The Anheuser-Busch Company made an offer to purchase the SeaWorld parks.",
"However, HBJ also owned and operated two other parks, Cypress Gardens and Boardwalk and Baseball, and out of fear of not being able to find a buyer for the two other parks, HBJ refused to sell the parks individually.",
"Despite a long negotiation, Anheuser-Busch bought all six parks in 1989: SeaWorld in San Diego, Aurora, Orlando and San Antonio as well as Cypress Gardens in Winter Haven and Boardwalk and Baseball in Haines City.",
"Soon after the sale was final, Busch sold Cypress Gardens to the park's management and closed Boardwalk and Baseball.",
"Anheuser-Busch put millions of dollars back into the parks to revive and to prolong their longevity."
] | [
0
] |
Cake decorating | What does a coupler attach to a bag? | Cake | true | 9FOOD
| [
11
] | [
" decorating.",
"A finished cake is often enhanced by covering it with icing, or frosting, and toppings such as sprinkles, which are also known as \"jimmies\" in certain parts of the United States and \"hundreds and thousands\" in the United Kingdom.",
"Frosting is usually made from powdered (icing) sugar, sometimes a fat of some sort, milk or cream, and often flavorings such as vanilla extract or cocoa powder.",
"Some decorators use a rolled fondant icing.",
"Commercial bakeries tend to use lard for the fat, and often whip the lard to introduce air bubbles.",
"This makes the icing light and spreadable.",
"Home bakers either use lard, butter, margarine or some combination thereof.",
"Sprinkles are small firm pieces of sugar and oils that are colored with food coloring.",
"In the late 20th century, new cake decorating products became available to the public.",
"These include several specialized sprinkles and even methods to print pictures and transfer the image onto a cake.",
"Special tools are needed for more complex cake decorating, such as piping bags or syringes, and various piping tips.",
"To use a piping bag or syringe, a piping tip is attached to the bag or syringe using a coupler.",
"The bag or syringe is partially filled with icing which is sometimes colored.",
"Using different piping tips and various techniques, a cake decorator can make many different designs.",
"Basic decorating tips include open star, closed star, basketweave, round, drop flower, leaf, multi, petal, and specialty tips.",
"Royal icing, marzipan (or a less sweet version, known as almond paste), fondant icing(also known as sugarpaste) and buttercream are used as covering icings and to create decorations.",
"Floral sugarcraft or wired sugar flowers are an important part of cake decoration.",
"Cakes for special occasions, such as wedding cakes, are traditionally rich fruit cakes or occasionally Madeira cakes, that are covered with marzipan and iced using royal icing or sugar-paste.",
"They are finished with piped borders (made with royal icing) and adorned with a piped message, wired sugar flowers, hand-formed fondant flowers, marzipan fruit, piped flowers, or crystallized fruits or flowers such as grapes or violets."
] | [
0
] |
Sculpture | When was there development of small scale stauettes for private patrons? | High Renaissance | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
4
] | [
"High Renaissance sculpture, as exemplified by Michelangelo's \"Pietà\" and the iconic \"David\", is characterized by an \"ideal\" balance between stillness and movement.",
"High Renaissance sculpture was normally commissioned by the public and the state, this becoming more popular for sculpture is an expensive art form.",
"Sculpture was often used to decorate or embellish architecture, normally within courtyards where others were able to study and admire the commissioned art work.",
"Wealthy individuals like cardinals, rulers and bankers were the more likely private patrons along with very wealthy families; Pope Julius II also patronized many artists.",
"During the High Renaissance there was the development of small scale statuettes for private patrons, the creation of busts and tombs also developing.",
"The subject matter related to sculpture was mostly religious but also with a significant strand of classical individuals in the form of tomb sculpture and paintings as well as ceilings of cathedrals."
] | [
2
] |
Background | What range does Nicki Minaj have in this song? | Turn Me On (David Guetta song) | true | 0MUSIC
| [
5
] | [
"",
"\"Turn Me On\" is an uptempo club song, with heavy beats and features Minaj on vocals.",
"It is the second track from ‘Nothing but the Beat’ that features Minaj, along with the single ‘Where Them Girls At.",
"Minaj sings, “Doctor doctor, need you back, call me babe / Doctor doctor, where you at, give me something / I need your love, I need your love, I need your loving / You got that kind of medicine to keep me comin.’” She raps for 10 seconds near the end of the track: “D-D-D-D-Don’t let me die young / I just want you to father my young / I just want you to be my doctor / We ‘gon get it crackin,’ chiropractor.” The song is written in the key of C minor, with a simple chord sequence of C minor-Bb major-Ab major.",
"It is written in common time with a moderate dance groove of 128 beats per minute.",
"Nicki Minaj's vocals span from G3 to E5 in the song."
] | [
0
] |
Military | How many contested territorial disputes does Brazil have with its bordering countries? | Brazil | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
7
] | [
"The armed forces of Brazil are the second-largest in Latin America, consist of the Brazilian Army, the Brazilian Navy, and the Brazilian Air Force with a total of 371,199 active personnel.",
"The Army has 235,978 active personnel.",
"The Military Police (States' Military Police) is described as an ancillary force of the Army by the constitution, but is under the control of each state's governor.",
"The Navy once operated some of the most powerful warships in the world with the two dreadnoughts, which sparked a South American dreadnought race between Argentina, Brazil, and Chile.",
"Today, it is a green water force and one of the ten navies that possesses an aircraft carrier.",
"The Air Force has about 700 manned aircraft in service.",
"Brazil has not been invaded since 1865 during the Paraguayan War.",
"Additionally, Brazil has no contested territorial disputes with any of its neighbours and neither does it have rivalries, like Chile and Bolivia have with each other.",
"Since 1648 the Brazilian Armed Forces have been relied upon to fight in defense of Brazilian sovereignty and to suppress civil rebellions.",
"The Brazilian military has also three times intervened militarily to overthrow the Brazilian government.",
"It has built a tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping missions such as in Haiti and East Timor."
] | [
5
] |
China | The ox-tongue pastry is also referred by which chinese donut? | Doughnut | true | 9FOOD
| [
1,
2
] | [
"A few sweet, doughnut-style pastries are regional in nature.",
"Cantonese cuisine features an oval-shaped pastry called \"ngàuhleisōu\" (牛脷酥, lit.",
"\"ox-tongue pastry\" due to its tongue-like shape).",
"A spherical food called\" saa1 jung\" (沙翁) which is also similar to cream puff, but denser in texture (doughnut-like texture) with sugar sprinkled on top, is normally available in Cantonese restaurants in the dim sum style.",
"An oilier Beijing variant of this called 高力豆沙, \"gaoli dousha\", is filled with red bean paste; originally, it was made with egg white instead of dough.",
"Many Chinese cultures make a chewy doughnut known as \"shuangbaotai\" (雙包胎), which consists of two conjoined balls of dough.",
"Chinese restaurants in the US sometimes serve small fried pastries similar to doughnut holes, served with condensed milk as a sauce.",
"Chinese cuisine features long, deep-fried doughnut sticks that are often quite oily, hence their name in Mandarin, \"yóutiáo\" (油條, lit.",
"oil strips.",
"); in Cantonese, this doughnut-style pastry is called \"yàuhjagwái\" (油炸鬼, \"ghosts fried in oil\").",
"These pastries are not sweet and are often served with congee, a traditional rice porridge."
] | [] |
Cinema and media | When did Maria Candelaria win the Palme d'Or? | Mexico | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
2
] | [
"Mexican films from the Golden Age in the 1940s and 1950s are the greatest examples of Latin American cinema, with a huge industry comparable to the Hollywood of those years.",
"Mexican films were exported and exhibited in all of Latin America and Europe.",
"Maria Candelaria (1944) by Emilio Fernández, was one of the first films awarded a Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1946, the first time the event was held after World War II.",
"The famous Spanish-born director Luis Buñuel realized in Mexico, between 1947 to 1965 some of him master pieces like Los Olvidados (1949), Viridiana (1961) and El angel exterminador (1963).",
"Famous actors and actresses from this period include María Félix, Pedro Infante, Dolores del Río, Jorge Negrete and the comedian Cantinflas.",
"More recently, films such as Como agua para chocolate (1992), Cronos (1993), Y tu mamá también (2001), and Pan's Labyrinth (2006) have been successful in creating universal stories about contemporary subjects, and were internationally recognised, as in the prestigious Cannes Film Festival.",
"Mexican directors Alejandro González Iñárritu (Amores perros, Babel), Alfonso Cuarón (Children of Men, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban), Guillermo del Toro, Carlos Carrera (The Crime of Father Amaro), and screenwriter Guillermo Arriaga are some of the most known present-day film makers.",
"Two of the major television networks based in Mexico are Televisa and TV Azteca.",
"Televisa is also the largest producer of Spanish-language content in the world and also the world's largest Spanish-language media network.",
"Grupo Multimedios is another media conglomerate with Spanish-language broadcasting in Mexico, Spain, and the United States.",
"The \"telenovelas\" are very traditional in Mexico and are translated to many languages and seen all over the world with renowned names like Verónica Castro, Lucía Méndez, Lucero, and Thalía."
] | [
2
] |
Results | What happens if the time allotted expires before either side can win? | Cricket | false | 4SPORT
| [
6,
7
] | [
"If the team that bats last is all out having scored fewer runs than their opponents, the team is said to have \"lost by \"n\" runs\" (where \"n\" is the difference between the number of runs scored by the teams).",
"If the team that bats last scores enough runs to win, it is said to have \"won by \"n\" wickets\", where \"n\" is the number of wickets left to fall.",
"For instance a team that passes its opponents' score having only lost six wickets would have won \"by four wickets\".",
"In a two-innings-a-side match, one team's combined first and second innings total may be less than the other side's first innings total.",
"The team with the greater score is then said to have \"won by an innings and \"n\" runs\", and does not need to bat again: \"n\" is the difference between the two teams' aggregate scores.",
"If the team batting last is all out, and both sides have scored the same number of runs, then the match is a tie; this result is quite rare in matches of two innings a side.",
"In the traditional form of the game, if the time allotted for the match expires before either side can win, then the game is declared a draw.",
"If the match has only a single innings per side, then a maximum number of deliveries for each innings is often imposed.",
"Such a match is called a \"limited overs\" or \"one-day\" match, and the side scoring more runs wins regardless of the number of wickets lost, so that a draw cannot occur.",
"If this kind of match is temporarily interrupted by bad weather, then a complex mathematical formula, known as the Duckworth-Lewis method after its developers, is often used to recalculate a new target score.",
"A one-day match can also be declared a \"no-result\" if fewer than a previously agreed number of overs have been bowled by either team, in circumstances that make normal resumption of play impossible; for example, wet weather."
] | [
0
] |
History | how many years has wrestling been observed on cave drawings in France? | Wrestling | true | 4SPORT
| [
2
] | [
"Wrestling represents one of the oldest forms of combat.",
"Literary references to it occur as early as in the Iliad, in which Homer recounts the Trojan War of the 13th or 12th century BC.",
"The origins of wrestling go back 15,000 years through cave drawings in France.",
"Babylonian and Egyptian reliefs show wrestlers using most of the holds known in the present-day sport.",
"In ancient Greece wrestling occupied a prominent place in legend and literature; wrestling competition, brutal in many aspects, served as the focal sport of the ancient Olympic Games.",
"The ancient Romans borrowed heavily from Greek wrestling, but eliminated much of its brutality.",
"During the Middle Ages (fifth century to fifteenth century) wrestling remained popular and enjoyed the patronage of many royal families, including those of France, Japan and England.",
"Early European settlers in America brought a strong wrestling tradition with them if they came from England.",
"The settlers also found wrestling to be popular among Native Americans.",
"Amateur wrestling flourished throughout the early years of the North American colonies and served as a popular activity at country fairs, holiday celebrations, and in military exercises.",
"The first organized national wrestling tournament took place in New York City in 1888, and wrestling has been an event at every modern Olympic Games since the 1904 games in Saint Louis, Missouri (a demonstration had been performed at the first modern Olympics).",
"The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA) originated in 1912 in Antwerp, Belgium.",
"The 1st NCAA Wrestling Championships were also held in 1912, in Ames, Iowa.",
"USA Wrestling, located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, became the national governing body of amateur wrestling in 1983.",
"It conducts competitions for all age-levels."
] | [
5
] |
Visual arts | Who became influenced by the French painters? | Portugal | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
3
] | [
"Portugal has a rich history in painting.",
"The first well-known painters date back to the 15th century – like Nuno Gonçalves – were part of the Gothic painting period.",
"José Malhoa, known for his work \"Fado\", and Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (who painted the portraits of Teófilo Braga and Antero de Quental) were both references in naturalist painting.",
"The 20th century saw the arrival of Modernism, and along with it came the most prominent Portuguese painters: Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso, who was heavily influenced by French painters, particularly by the Delaunays.",
"Among his best known works is \"Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro\".",
"Another great modernist painters/writers were Carlos Botelho and Almada Negreiros, friend to the poet Fernando Pessoa, who painted his (Pessoa's) portrait.",
"He was deeply influenced by both Cubist and Futurist trends.",
"Prominent international figures in visual arts nowadays include painters Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego."
] | [
3
] |
Magnetic resonance angiography | How do you image veins? | Magnetic resonance imaging | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
4
] | [
"Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) generates pictures of the arteries to evaluate them for stenosis (abnormal narrowing) or aneurysms (vessel wall dilatations, at risk of rupture).",
"MRA is often used to evaluate the arteries of the neck and brain, the thoracic and abdominal aorta, the renal arteries, and the legs (called a \"run-off\").",
"A variety of techniques can be used to generate the pictures, such as administration of a paramagnetic contrast agent (gadolinium) or using a technique known as \"flow-related enhancement\" (e.g., 2D and 3D time-of-flight sequences), where most of the signal on an image is due to blood that recently moved into that plane, see also FLASH MRI.",
"Techniques involving phase accumulation (known as phase contrast angiography) can also be used to generate flow velocity maps easily and accurately.",
"Magnetic resonance venography (MRV) is a similar procedure that is used to image veins.",
"In this method, the tissue is now excited inferiorly, while the signal is gathered in the plane immediately superior to the excitation plane—thus imaging the venous blood that recently moved from the excited plane."
] | [
5
] |
Rank and grading | What is Judo? | Judo | false | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"Judo is a hierarchical art, where seniority of judoka is designated by what is known as the - ranking system.",
"This system was developed by Jigoro Kano based on the ranking system in the board game Go.",
"Beginning students progress through kyu grades towards dan grades.",
"A judoka's position within the kyu-dan ranking system is displayed by the color of their belt.",
"Beginning students typically wear a white belt, progressing through descending kyu ranks until they are deemed to have achieved a level of competence sufficient to be a dan grade, at which point they wear the .",
"The kyu-dan ranking system has since been widely adopted by modern martial arts.",
"The highest grade ever awarded \"jūdan\" (tenth degree black belt) has no formal requirements and is decided by the president of the Kodokan, currently Kano Jigoro's grandson Yukimitsu Kano.",
"As of 2011, fifteen Japanese men have been promoted to this rank by the Kodokan, three of whom are still alive; the IJF and Western national federations have promoted another seven who are not recognized (at that level of rank) by the Kodokan.",
"On July 28, 2011, the promotion board of USA Judo awarded Keiko Fukuda the rank of 10th \"dan\", who is the first woman to be promoted to judo's highest level, albeit not a Kodokan-recognized rank.",
"Although \"dan\" ranks tend to be consistent between national organizations there is more variation in the \"kyū\" grades, with some countries having more \"kyū\" grades.",
"Although initially \"kyū\" grade belt colours were uniformly white, today a variety of colours are used.",
"The first black belts to denote a Dan rank in the 1880s, initially the wide obi was used; as practitioners trained in kimono, only white and black obi were used.",
"It was not until the early 1900s, after the introduction of the judogi, that an expanded colored belt system of awarding rank was created."
] | [
0
] |
40th anniversary events | How many astronauts won the Congressional Gold Medal? | Apollo 11 | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
9
] | [
"On July 15, 2009, Life.com released a photo gallery of previously unpublished photos of the astronauts taken by \"Life\" photographer Ralph Morse prior to the Apollo 11 launch.",
"From July 16–24, 2009, NASA streamed the original mission audio on its website in real time 40 years to the minute after the events occurred.",
"In addition, it is in the process of restoring the video footage and has released a preview of key moments.",
"On July 20, 2009, the crew of Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins met with U.S. President Barack Obama at the White House.",
"\"We expect that there is, as we speak, another generation of kids out there who are looking up at the sky and are going to be the next Armstrong, Collins and Aldrin,\" Obama said.",
"\"We want to make sure that NASA is going to be there for them when they want to take their journey.",
"\"The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum set up a Flash website that rebroadcasts the transmissions of Apollo 11 from launch to landing on the Moon.",
"A group of British scientists interviewed as part of the anniversary events reflected on the significance of the Moon landing:It was carried out in a technically brilliant way with risks taken ... that would be inconceivable in the risk-averse world of today ...",
"The Apollo programme is arguably the greatest technical achievement of mankind to date ... nothing since Apollo has come close the excitement that was generated by those astronauts - Armstrong, Aldrin and the 10 others who followed them.",
"On August 7, 2009, an act of Congress awarded the three astronauts a Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States.",
"The bill was sponsored by Florida Sen. Bill Nelson and Florida Rep. Alan Grayson.",
"In July 2010, air to ground voice recordings and film footage shot in Mission Control during the Apollo 11 powered descent and landing was re-synchronised and released for the first time."
] | [
5
] |
Involvement of other countries and nationals | What conferences took place regarding the Holocaust? | The Holocaust | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0,
1
] | [
" Bermuda Conference",
" Évian Conference",
" International response to the Holocaust",
" Patria disaster",
" Struma disaster",
" Voyage of the Damned"
] | [
0
] |
Berries | What's the difference between Pepo and Hesperidium berries? | Fruit | false | 9FOOD
| [
3,
4
] | [
"Berries are another type of fleshy fruit; they are simple fruit created from a single ovary.",
"The ovary may be compound, with several carpels.",
"Type include (examples follow in the table below):",
" Pepo – Berries where the skin is hardened, cucurbits",
" Hesperidium – Berries with a rind and a juicy interior, like most citrus fruit"
] | [
0
] |
Mudd's culpability | Who did John Wilkes Booth look to for help in assassinating Lincoln? | Assassination of Abraham Lincoln | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
4
] | [
"The degree of Mudd's culpability has remained a controversy ever since.",
"Some, including Mudd's grandson Richard Mudd, claimed that Mudd was innocent of any wrongdoing and that he had been imprisoned merely for treating a man who came to his house late at night with a fractured leg.",
"Over a century after the assassination, Presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan both wrote letters to Richard Mudd agreeing that his grandfather committed no crime.",
"However, others, including authors Edward Steers, Jr. and James Swanson, assert that Samuel Mudd visited Booth three times in the months before the failed kidnapping attempt.",
"The first time was November 1864 when Booth, looking for help in his kidnapping plot, was directed to Mudd by agents of the Confederate Secret Service.",
"In December, Booth met with Mudd again and stayed the night at his farm.",
"Later that December, Mudd went to Washington and introduced Booth to a Confederate agent he knew — John Surratt.",
"Additionally, George Atzerodt testified that Booth sent supplies to Mudd's house in preparation for the kidnap plan.",
"Mudd lied to the authorities who came to his house after the assassination, claiming that he did not recognize the man who showed up on his doorstep in need of treatment and giving false information about where Booth and Herold went.",
"He also hid the monogrammed boot that he had cut off Booth's injured leg behind a panel in his attic, but the thorough search of Mudd's house soon revealed this further evidence against him.",
"One hypothesis is that Dr. Mudd was active in the kidnapping plot, likely as the person the conspirators would turn to for medical treatment in case Lincoln were injured, and that Booth thus remembered the doctor and went to his house to get help in the early hours of April 15."
] | [
3
] |
Specialty Job | Who made the "Ice Cream" jingle that gets played buy ice cream vans?? | Ice cream | false | 9FOOD
| [
8
] | [
"Today, jobs specialize in the selling of ice cream.",
"The title of a person who works in this speciality is often called an 'ice cream man', however women also specialize in the selling of ice cream.",
"People in this line of work often sell ice cream on beaches.",
"On beaches, ice cream is either sold by a person who carries a box full of ice cream and is called over by people who want the purchase ice cream, or by a person who drives up to the top of the beach and rings a bell.",
"In the second method, people go up to the top of the beach and purchase ice cream straight from the ice cream seller, who is often in an ice cream van.",
"In Turkey and Australia, ice cream is sometimes sold to beach-goers from small powerboats equipped with chest freezers.",
"Some ice cream distributors sell ice cream products from traveling refrigerated vans or carts (commonly referred to in the US as \"ice cream trucks\"), sometimes equipped with speakers playing children's music.",
"The driver of an ice cream van drives throughout neighborhoods and stops every so often, usually every block.",
"The ice cream van is usually playing a jingle called \"Ice Cream\" by Andre Nickatina.",
"The seller on the ice cream van sells the ice cream through a large window; this window is also where the customer asks for ice cream and pays.",
"Ice cream vans in the United Kingdom make a music box noise rather than actual music."
] | [
3
] |
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