section
stringlengths 3
104
| question
stringlengths 12
207
| article
stringclasses 481
values | is_paraphrase
bool 2
classes | topic
class label 10
classes | answers
sequencelengths 1
12
| candidates
sequencelengths 3
33
| q_types
sequencelengths 0
3
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Occupation | Who swam with geese as part of his studies of animal behavior? | Human swimming | false | 4SPORT
| [
5
] | [
"Some occupations require the workers to swim.",
"For example, abalone- or pearl-divers swim and dive to obtain an economic benefit, as do spear fishermen.",
"Swimming is used to rescue people in the water who may be in distress, including tired swimmers, non-swimmers who have accidentally entered the water, or water users who have come to harm.",
"Lifeguards or volunteer lifesavers are deployed at many pools and beaches worldwide to fulfill this purpose, and they, as well as rescue swimmers, may use specific swimming styles for rescue purposes.",
"Swimming is also used in marine biology to observe plants and animals in their natural habitat.",
"Other sciences use swimming, for example Konrad Lorenz swam with geese as part of his studies of animal behavior.",
"Swimming also has military purposes.",
"Military swimming is usually done by special forces, such as Navy SEALs.",
"Swimming is used to approach a location, gather intelligence, sabotage or combat, and to depart a location.",
"This may also include airborne insertion into water or exiting a submarine while it is submerged.",
"Due to regular exposure to large bodies of water, all recruits in the United States Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard are required to complete basic swimming or water survival training.",
"Swimming is also a professional sport.",
"Companies sponsor swimmers who are at the international level.",
"Many swimmers compete competitively in order to represent their home country in the olympics.",
"Cash awards are also given at many of the major competitions for breaking records.",
"Professional swimmers may also earn a living as entertainers, performing in water ballets."
] | [
3
] |
2008–09: "Lights" and "The Listening" | What was the name of the second single from the band Lights? | Lights (musician) | true | 0MUSIC
| [
6
] | [
"Starting in early 2008, Lights toured cities in the Great Lakes region, in both Canada and the United States.",
"In late 2008, she toured the United States.",
"In August 2008, Lights signed a record deal with Toronto based label Underground Operations.",
"She also signed an American partnership deal with Warner Bros. along with Doghouse Records.",
"Around the same time, her song \"Drive My Soul\" got to No.18 in the Canadian Hot 100.",
"After signing with them, her EP was released in stores on September 16.",
"Her second single, \"February Air,\" sold 12,000 copies.",
"In early 2008, \"February Air\" was in a commercial for Old Navy.",
"It was later released in December 2008.",
"In Ten Second Epic's song \"Every Day\" from their album Hometown, Lights contributed vocals and appeared in their music video.",
"The song appeared on the \"Big Shiny Tunes 14\" compilation album and the music video was nominated for Best Independent Music Video at the 2010 MuchMusic Video Awards.",
"She is also featured on the soundtrack (songs \"Ben\" and \"Climbing\") for the 2008 Canadian film \"One Week\", starring Joshua Jackson.",
"She was a guest vocalist on the album \"A Shipwreck in the Sand\", released in 2009 by post-hardcore band Silverstein from Burlington, Ontario.",
"In 2009, Lights released her third single to Canadian radio stations called \"Ice\" with a homemade video released on her MySpace.",
"She also released a second video for \"Ice\" in Canada on November 10, 2009.",
"It was released in the United States on November 11, 2009.",
"On August 10, 2009, her music video for \"Saviour\" was released.",
"In an interview for the musical website Hall-Musique, Lights announced she was hoping to release her debut album in Europe by early 2010.",
"In March, Lights was named on the American music website Shred News's 10 \"Artists to Watch in 2010.",
"\"While touring in the summer of 2009 on the 2009 Vans Warped Tour, Lights's single \"Saviour\" premiered on Canadian radio stations on July 6, 2009.",
"The song is from her first full-length album, \"The Listening\", which was released on September 22 in Canada.",
"It was released on October 6 in the United States after she left Underground Operations, for her own record label, Lights Music Inc.",
"The cover for the album was also released.",
"According to Lights, the entire artwork was inspired by \"Watchmen\", \"28 Days Later\", and \"Sailor Moon\".",
"In September 2009, Lights toured with the British band Keane on their Canadian/Pacific Northwest tour.",
"In late 2009, Lights toured all around the United States and Canada with Stars of Track and Field."
] | [
0
] |
Player rosters | How many players are featured on a MLB team's active roster? | Baseball | true | 4SPORT
| [
2
] | [
"Player rosters.",
"Roster, or squad, sizes differ between different leagues and different levels of organized play.",
"Major League Baseball teams maintain 25-player active rosters.",
"A typical 25-man roster in a league without the DH rule, such as MLB's National League, features:",
"eight position players—catcher, four infielders, three outfielders—who play on a regular basis",
"five starting pitchers who constitute the team's pitching rotation or starting rotation",
"six relief pitchers, including one specialist closer, who constitute the team's bullpen (named for the off-field area where pitchers warm up)",
"one backup, or substitute, catcher",
"two backup infielders",
"two backup outfielders",
"one specialist pinch hitter, or a second backup catcher, or a seventh reliever"
] | [
5
] |
Setting | Where do contestants stay for the first two weeks of filming? | The Bachelor (U.S. TV series) | false | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"For the first two weeks of filming the contestants stay in \"Villa De La Vina,\" a , six-bedroom, nine-bath home in Agoura Hills, California.",
"The custom home, built in 2005, is located on 10 acres at 2351 Kanan Road.",
"As of October 10, 2008, the home was listed for sale at a price of US$8.75 million.",
"For the third and remaining episodes are the contestants have filmed around the world.",
"Episodes have been filmed throughout the United States, Canada, England, New Zealand, Vietnam, Korea to name just a few.",
"The Agoura Hills, California mansion was not used during a few seasons including season 7 that was filmed New York City, where Charlie O'Connell, who had appeared in \"Sliders\" with his brother Jerry O'Connell, lived, Paris, France for season 8; Rome, Italy for season 9, where Lorenzo Borghese lived who is half-Italian. "
] | [
4
] |
History | the incas came to south america in the 15th century | Peru | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
3
] | [
"The earliest evidences of human presence in Peruvian territory have been dated to approximately 9,000 years BCE.",
"The oldest known complex society in Peru, the Norte Chico civilization, flourished along the coast of the Pacific Ocean between 3,000 and 1,800 BCE.",
"These early developments were followed by archaeological cultures such as Cupisnique, Chavin, Paracas, Mochica, Nazca, Wari, and Chimú.",
"In the 15th century, the Incas emerged as a powerful state which, in the span of a century, formed the largest empire in pre-Columbian America.",
"Andean societies were based on agriculture, using techniques such as irrigation and terracing; camelid husbandry and fishing were also important.",
"Organization relied on reciprocity and redistribution because these societies had no notion of market or money.",
"In December 1532, a party of \"conquistadors\" led by Francisco Pizarro defeated and captured Inca Emperor Atahualpa.",
"Ten years later, the Spanish Crown established the Viceroyalty of Peru, which included most of its South American colonies.",
"Viceroy Francisco de Toledo reorganized the country in the 1570s, with silver mining as its main economic activity and Amerindian forced labor as its primary workforce.",
"Peruvian bullion provided revenue for the Spanish Crown and fueled a complex trade network that extended as far as Europe and the Philippines.",
"However, by the 18th century, declining silver production and economic diversification greatly diminished royal income.",
"In response, the Crown enacted the Bourbon Reforms, a series of edicts that increased taxes and partitioned the Viceroyalty.",
"The new laws provoked Túpac Amaru II's rebellion and other revolts, all of which were quashed.",
"In the early 19th century, while most of South America was swept by wars of independence, Peru remained a royalist stronghold.",
"As the elite vacillated between emancipation and loyalty to the Spanish Monarchy, independence was achieved only after the occupation by military campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar.",
"During the early years of the Republic, endemic struggles for power between military leaders caused political instability.",
"Peruvian national identity was forged during this period, as Bolivarian projects for a Latin American Confederation floundered and a union with Bolivia proved ephemeral.",
"Between the 1840s and 1860s, Peru enjoyed a period of stability under the presidency of Ramón Castilla through increased state revenues from guano exports.",
"However, by the 1870s, these resources had been depleted, the country was heavily indebted, and political in-fighting was again on the rise.",
"Peru was defeated by Chile in the 1879–1883 War of the Pacific, ceding the provinces of Arica and Tarapacá in the treaties of Ancón and Lima.",
"Internal struggles after the war were followed by a period of stability under the Civilista Party, which lasted until the onset of the authoritarian regime of Augusto B. Leguía.",
"The Great Depression caused the downfall of Leguía, renewed political turmoil, and the emergence of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA).",
"The rivalry between this organization and a coalition of the elite and the military defined Peruvian politics for the following three decades.",
"In 1968, the Armed Forces, led by General Juan Velasco Alvarado, staged a coup against president Fernando Belaunde.",
"The new regime undertook radical reforms aimed at fostering development, but failed to gain widespread support.",
"In 1975, General Francisco Morales Bermúdez forcefully replaced Velasco, paralyzed reforms, and oversaw the reestablishment of democracy.",
"During the 1980s, Peru faced a considerable external debt, ever-growing inflation, a surge in drug trafficking, and massive political violence.",
"Under the presidency of Alberto Fujimori (1990–2000), the country started to recover; however, accusations of authoritarianism, corruption, and human rights violations forced his resignation after the controversial 2000 elections.",
"Since the end of the Fujimori regime, Peru has tried to fight corruption while sustaining economic growth."
] | [] |
Risks | Who suffered a fatal luging crash in 2010? | Luge | false | 4SPORT
| [
2
] | [
"As with many extreme sports, luging has risks.",
"Though most injuries involve bumps, bruises, broken bones and concussions, fatalities do occasionally occur.",
"Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili suffered a fatal crash during his final practice run for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada.",
"Hours later, the International Luge Federation concluded that the accident was caused by a steering error and not a track error; nevertheless, changes to the track were made before the re-opening.",
"Kumaritashvili was the fourth athlete to die while in preparation for a Winter Olympics competition, following speed skier Nicolas Bochatay, 27, who died while preparing for the Albertville 1992 games, British luger Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypeski and skier Ross Milne, 19, who both died in the run-up to the Innsbruck 1964 games."
] | [
3
] |
Notable other performances | Who was the artist that performed the song "I Believe I Can Fly" on the X-Factor? | I Believe I Can Fly | true | 0MUSIC
| [
4
] | [
"R.",
"Kelly performed the song at the 40th Annual Grammy Awards.STS-122 crew heard this song on flight day 10 as a wake up call.",
"Since its release, it has become commonly associated with the NBA, most notably with Michael Jordan.",
"It also the song was in the 1997 NBA Finals on NBC.",
"On December 21, 2011, R. Kelly performed it on X-Factor as a duet with Melanie Amaro.",
"A version of the song, recorded by the Halifax community choir, was used as the backing track to a 2012 UK TV advertisement for the Halifax Bank.",
"On October 13, 2012, when the Space Shuttle Endeavour was being transferred from Los Angeles International Airport to the California Science Center through the streets of Los Angeles, the recording was played as the shuttle left The Forum, and the song was performed live by James Ingram later that day at Debbie Allen's live show celebrating the Endeavour's arrival at the corner of Crenshaw Blvd and Martin Luther King Blvd.",
"(The shuttle was delayed over five hours in arriving there; to keep the crowd entertained, the performance went on only slightly delayed.)"
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | Who composed the song "Jingle Bell Rock"? | Jingle Bell Rock | true | 0MUSIC
| [
2
] | [
"\"Jingle Bell Rock\" is a popular Christmas song first released by Bobby Helms in 1958.",
"It has received frequent airplay in the United States during every Christmas time since then.",
"\"Jingle Bell Rock\" was composed by Joseph Carleton Beal (1900–1967), and James Ross Boothe (1917–1976).",
"Beal was a Massachusetts-born public relations man and longtime resident of South Ocean Avenue in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Boothe was a Texan writer in the advertising business."
] | [
3
] |
Windmills | What was initial name of the windmill completed in 1903? | Golden Gate Park | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"In 1902, the parks commission authorized construction of two windmills to pump subterranean water to supply the park.",
"The first, on the north side of the park facing the Pacific Ocean, was completed in 1903 and became known first as the North Windmill and later as the Dutch Windmill; it is now paired with the Queen Wilhelmina Tulip Garden.",
"The second, Murphy's Windmill, on the south side of the park, began operation in 1908.",
"They operated for several decades, but fell into disrepair after the park switched to electric water pumps.",
"The Dutch Windmill was restored in 1981, with Murphy's Windmill's restoration completed in September 2011."
] | [
0
] |
Geology | What rocks located in the Great Smoky Mountains are the oldest? | Great Smoky Mountains National Park | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
6
] | [
"The majority of rocks in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park are Late Precambrian rocks that are part of the Ocoee Supergroup formation.",
"This group consists of metamorphosed sandstones, phyllites, schists, and slate.",
"Early Precambrian rocks are not only the oldest rocks in the park but also the dominant rock type in sites such as the Raven Fork Valley and upper Tuckasegee River between Cherokee and Bryson City.",
"They primarily consist of metamorphic gneiss, granite, and schist.",
"Cambrian sedimentary rocks can be found among the bottom of the Foothills to the northwest and in limestone coves such as Cades Cove.",
"One of the most visited attractions in the mountains is Cades Cove which is a window or an area where older rocks made out of sandstone surround the valley floor of younger rocks made out of limestone.",
"The oldest rocks in the Smokies are the Precambrian gneiss and schists which were formed over a billion years ago from the accumulation of marine sediments and igneous rock.",
"In the Late Precambrian period, the primordial ocean expanded and the more recent Ocoee Supergroup rocks formed from the accumulation of eroding land mass onto the continental shelf.",
"At the end of the Paleozoic era, the ocean deposited a thick layer of marine sediments which left behind sedimentary rock.",
"During the Ordovician period, the collision of North American and African plates initiated the Alleghenian orogeny that created the Appalachian range.",
"The Mesozoic era was dictated by the rapid erosion of softer sedimentary rocks and re-exposed the older Ocoee Supergroup formations."
] | [
0
] |
Nutritional value and health benefits | Is yogurt rich in protein? | Yogurt | false | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"Yogurt is nutritionally rich in protein, calcium, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12.",
"It has nutritional benefits beyond those of milk.",
"Lactose-intolerant individuals can sometimes tolerate yogurt better than other dairy products, because the lactose in the milk is converted to glucose and galactose, and partially fermented to lactic acid, by the bacterial culture.",
"Yogurt containing live cultures has been found effective in a randomized trial at preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea.",
"Yogurt contains varying amounts of fat.",
"There is non-fat (0% fat), low-fat (usually 2% fat) and plain or whole milk yogurt (4% fat).",
"A study published in the \"International Journal of Obesity\" (11 January 2005) also found that the consumption of low-fat yogurt can promote weight loss, relative to a gelatin placebo.",
"Yogurt is a valuable health food for both infants and elderly persons.",
"For children, it is a balanced source of protein, fats, carbohydrates, and minerals.",
"For senior citizens, who usually have more sensitive colons or whose intestines have run out of lactase, yogurt is also a valuable food.",
"Elderly intestines showed declining levels of bifidus bacteria, which allow the growth of toxin-producing and, perhaps, cancer-causing bacteria.",
"Yogurt may help prevent osteoporosis, reduce the risk of high blood pressure.",
"Yogurt with active cultures helps the gut, may discourage vaginal infections, and may help one feel fuller.",
"The \"yogurt defense\" was made famous by the trial of Carol Downer, one of the developers of menstrual extraction.",
"She was arrested at her self-help group and charged with practicing medicine without a license, as she inserted yogurt into the vagina of another woman to treat a yeast condition.",
"Carol Downer was acquitted; the jury did not equate inserting yogurt with practicing medicine."
] | [] |
TeamGym | How many acrobatic elements must each series have? | Gymnastics | false | 4SPORT
| [
19
] | [
"The TeamGym competition is one of the latest new events within the UEG.",
"The first official competition was held in Finland in 1996 and it takes place every even-numbered year.",
"TeamGym is a team competition for clubs and consist of three sections: women, men and mixed teams.",
"TeamGym competitions exhibit gymnastic skills in three different disciplines; floor, tumbling and trampette.",
"In common for the performance is effective teamwork, good technique in the element and spectacular acrobatic elements.",
"The event is attractive for spectators and media as well as sponsors.",
" Floor Programme: All members of the Team take part in the floor program, composed of a mixture of dance, flexibility and skill.",
"The routine has to be skillfully choreographed and the judges look out for changes in shape.",
"There needs to be at least two spins, two jumps/leaps, two acrobatic elements, two balance/power elements, two section elements and one combination of elements.",
"These section elements are bodywaves for women's teams, power elements for men's teams and lifts for mixed teams.",
"Floor routines are performed to music.",
" Trampette: There are two components of this section of floor pregame.",
"Vault and trampette on its own.",
"One of the three total runs that the gymnasts make must be a vault run.",
"Generally the first round is chosen for each individual gymnast to perform the same move.",
"These are also performed to music.",
" Tumbling: Again, here there are three runs (rounds) involved.",
"One of which has to include all six gymnasts doing a forwards series.",
"Another run also has to include the gymnasts completing the same move.",
"Each series must have at least three different acrobatic elements."
] | [
5
] |
Timeline of construction | In what year was the original Notre Dame de Paris demolished? | Notre Dame de Paris | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
" 1160 Maurice de Sully (named Bishop of Paris), orders the original cathedral demolished.",
" 1163 Cornerstone laid for Notre-Dame de Paris, construction begins.",
" 1182 Apse and choir completed.",
" 1196 Bishop Maurice de Sully dies.",
" c.1200 Work begins on western facade.",
" 1208 Bishop Eudes de Sully dies.",
"Nave vaults nearing completion.",
" 1225 Western facade completed.",
" 1250 Western towers and north rose window completed.",
" c.1245–1260s Transepts remodelled in the Rayonnant style by Jean de Chelles then Pierre de Montreuil",
" 1250–1345 Remaining elements completed"
] | [
0
] |
Cast | What actor plays the father in the movie Wadjda? | Wadjda | true | 6MOVIES
| [
3
] | [
" Reem Abdullah as Mother",
" Waad Mohammed as Wadjda (وجدة)",
" Abdullrahman Algohani as Abdullah",
" Sultan Al Assaf as Father",
" Ahd Kamel as Ms Hussa",
" Ibrahim Al Mozael as Toyshop Owner",
" Noof Saad as Qu'ran Teacher",
" Rafa Al Sanea as Fatima",
" Alanoud Sajini as Fatin"
] | [
0
] |
Humor | What character on the TV series "Family Guy" says the phrase "Freakin' sweet"? | Family Guy | true | 1TV
| [
10
] | [
"",
"\"Family Guy\" uses the filmmaking technique of cutaways, which occur in the majority of \"Family Guy\" episodes.",
"Emphasis is often placed on gags which make reference to current events and/or modern cultural icons.",
"Early episodes based much of their comedy on Stewie's \"super villain\" antics, such as his constant plans for total world domination, his evil experiments, plans and inventions to get rid of things he dislikes, and his constant attempts at matricide.",
"As the series progressed, the writers and MacFarlane agreed that his personality and the jokes were starting to feel dated, so they began writing him with a different personality.",
"\"Family Guy\" often includes self-referential humor.",
"The most common form is jokes about Fox Broadcasting, and occasions where the characters break the fourth wall by addressing the audience.",
"For example, in \"North by North Quahog\", the first episode that aired after the show's revival, included Peter telling the family that they had been cancelled because Fox had to make room in their schedule for shows like \"Dark Angel\", \"Titus\", \"Undeclared\", \"Action\", \"That '80s Show\", \"Wonderfalls\", \"Fastlane\", \"Andy Richter Controls the Universe\", \"Skin\", \"Girls Club\", \"Cracking Up\", \"The Pitts\", \"Firefly\", \"Get Real\", \"Freakylinks\", \"Wanda at Large\", \"Costello\", \"The Lone Gunmen\", \"A Minute with Stan Hooper\", \"Normal, Ohio\", \"Pasadena\", \"Harsh Realm\", \"Keen Eddie\", \"The $treet\", \"The American Embassy\", \"Cedric the Entertainer Presents\", \"The Tick\", \"Luis\", and \"Greg the Bunny\".",
"Lois asks whether there is any hope, to which Peter replies that if all these shows are canceled they might have a chance; the shows were indeed canceled during \"Family Guy\"s hiatus.",
"The show uses catchphrases, and most of the primary and secondary characters have them.",
"Notable expressions include Quagmire's \"Giggity giggity goo\", Peter's \"Freakin' sweet\", and Joe's \"Bring it on!\"",
"The use of many of these catchphrases declined in later seasons.",
"The episode \"Big Man on Hippocampus\" mocks catchphrase-based humor: when Peter, who has forgotten everything about his life, is introduced to Meg, he exclaims \"D'oh!",
"\", to which Lois replies, \"No, Peter, that's not your catchphrase.\""
] | [
0
] |
Demographics | What is the rate of home ownership in Singapore? | Singapore | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
9
] | [
", the population of Singapore is 5.312 million people, of whom 3.285 million (62%) are citizens while the rest (38%) are permanent residents or foreign workers/students.",
"Twenty-three percent of Singaporean citizens were born outside Singapore (i.e.",
"foreign born citizens).",
"There are half a million permanent residents in Singapore in 2012.",
"The resident population does not take into account the 11 million transient visitors who visit Singapore annually.",
"The median age of Singaporeans is 37 years old and the average household size is 3.5 persons.",
"Due to scarcity of land, four out of five Singaporeans live in subsidised, high-rise, public housing apartments known as Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats, after the board responsible for public housing in the country.",
"Live-in domestic helpers are quite common in Singapore and there are nearly 200,000 domestic helpers there.",
"In 2010, three quarters of Singaporean residents live in properties that are equal to or larger than a four-room HDB flat or in private housing.",
"Home ownership rate is at 87.2%.",
"Mobile phone penetration rate is extremely high at 1,400 mobile phone subscribers per 1000 people.",
"Around 1 in 10 residents owns a car.",
"The total fertility rate is estimated to be .79 children per woman in 2013, the lowest in the world and well below the 2.1 needed to replace the population.",
"To overcome this problem, the Singapore government has been encouraging foreigners to immigrate to Singapore for the past few decades.",
"The large number of immigrants has kept Singapore's population from declining.",
"Singapore traditionally has one of the lowest unemployment rates among developed countries.",
"The Singaporean unemployment rate has not exceeded 4% in the past decade, hitting a high of 3% during the 2009 global financial crisis and falling to 1.9% in 2011., about 40% of Singapore's residents were foreigners, one of the highest percentage in the world.",
"The government is considering capping these workers, although it has been recognised that they are crucial to the country's economy, as foreign workers make up 80% of the construction industry and up to 50% of the service industry.",
"In 2009, the government census reports that 74.2% of residents were of Chinese, 13.4% of Malay, and 9.2% of Indian descent, while Eurasians and other groups form 3.2%.",
"Prior to 2010, each person could register as a member of only one race, by default that of his or her father, therefore, mixed-race persons were solely grouped under their father's race in government censuses.",
"From 2010 onward, people may register using a \"double-barrelled\" classification, in which they may choose one primary race and one secondary race, but no more than two."
] | [
0
] |
Infrared astronomy | Where do some molecules radiate strongly? | Astronomy | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
6
] | [
"Infrared astronomy is founded on the detection and analysis of infrared radiation (wavelengths longer than red light).",
"The infrared spectrum is useful for studying objects that are too cold to radiate visible light, such as planets, circumstellar disks or nebulae whose light is blocked by dust.",
"Longer infrared wavelengths can penetrate clouds of dust that block visible light, allowing the observation of young stars in molecular clouds and the cores of galaxies.",
"Observations from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) have been particularly effective at unveiling numerous Galactic protostars and their host star clusters.",
"With the exception of wavelengths close to visible light, infrared radiation is heavily absorbed by the atmosphere, or masked, as the atmosphere itself produces significant infrared emission.",
"Consequently, infrared observatories have to be located in high, dry places or in space.",
"Some molecules radiate strongly in the infrared.",
"This allows the study the chemistry of space; more specifically it can detect water in comets."
] | [
4
] |
Broadcast | Where did the series start airing on Jan 31, 1999? | Family Guy | false | 1TV
| [
1
] | [
"The seires premiered in Australia on April 9, 1999 on Seven Network, in 2000 on Fox8, and on 7mate on September 27, 2010.",
"In Canada the series started airing on January 31, 1999 on Global, on September 1, 2003 on Teletoon, and on July 4, 2012 on Adult Swim.",
"The series also airs in Ireland, and New Zealand.",
"The series has aired in the UK on BBC Three and Fox since September 21, 1999."
] | [
4
] |
Modern Olympics marathon | What year did the modern Olympics start? | Marathon | true | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"When the modern Olympics began in 1896, the initiators and organizers were looking for a great popularizing event, recalling the ancient glory of Greece.",
"The idea of a marathon race came from Michel Bréal, who wanted the event to feature in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens.",
"This idea was heavily supported by Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympics, as well as by the Greeks.",
"The Greeks staged a selection race for the Olympic marathon on 10 March 1896 that was won by Charilaos Vasilakos in 3 hours and 18 minutes (with the future winner of the introductory Olympic Games marathon coming in fifth).",
"The winner of the first Olympic Marathon, on 10 April 1896 (a male-only race), was Spyridon \"Spyros\" Louis, a Greek water-carrier, in 2 hours 58 minutes and 50 seconds.",
"The women's marathon was introduced at the 1984 Summer Olympics (Los Angeles, USA) and was won by Joan Benoit of the United States with a time of 2 hours 24 minutes and 52 seconds.",
"Since the modern games were founded, it has become a tradition for the men's Olympic marathon to be the last event of the athletics calendar, with a finish inside the Olympic stadium, often within hours of, or even incorporated into, the closing ceremonies.",
"The marathon of the 2004 Summer Olympics revived the traditional route from Marathon to Athens, ending at Panathinaiko Stadium, the venue for the 1896 Summer Olympics.",
"The Olympic men's record is 2:06:32, set at the 2008 Summer Olympics by Samuel Kamau Wanjiru of Kenya (average speed about 20.01 km/hr).",
"The Olympic women's record is 2:23:07, set at the 2012 Summer Olympics by Tiki Gelana of Ethiopia.",
"The men's London 2012 Summer Olympic marathon winner was Stephen Kiprotich of Uganda (2:08:01).",
"Per capita, the Great Rift Valley, Kenya has produced a large number of elite marathon runners, helped by the high altitude."
] | [
0
] |
Before the Market | What was the motivation behind farmers going through wholesalers to sell their produce on consignment at The Lots? | Pike Place Market | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
3
] | [
"Before the Market.",
"Before the creation of the Pike Place Market in 1907, local Seattle area farmers sold their goods to the public in a three-square block area called The Lots, located at Sixth Avenue and King Street.",
"Most produce sold at The Lots would then be brought to commercial wholesale houses on Western Avenue, which became known as Produce Row.",
"Most farmers, due to the amount of time required to work their farms, were forced to sell their produce on consignment through the wholesalers on Western Avenue.",
"The farmers typically received a percentage of the final sale price for their goods.",
"They would sell to the middleman on commission, as most farmers would often have no time to sell direct to the public, and their earnings would be on marked up prices and expected sales.",
"In some cases, the farmers made a profit, but just as often found themselves breaking even, or getting no money at all due to the business practices of the wholesalers.",
"During the existence of the wholesale houses, which far predated the Market, there were regular rumors as well as instances of corruption in denying payment to farmers."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | In 2011 "Everybody Talks" was released by what group? | Everybody Talks | true | 0MUSIC
| [
0,
1
] | [
"\"Everybody Talks\" is the lead single from American rock band Neon Trees' second studio album \"Picture Show\".",
"It was released on December 20, 2011 in the United States as a digital download on iTunes.",
"It soon became a sleeper hit.",
"The song made it to #6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making this song their highest charting single to date, as well as their first top 10 hit.",
"The song was mixed and engineered by Billy Bush and mastered by Joe LaPorta.",
"As of October 2012, the song has sold over 2 million digital downloads.",
"It also hit #7 on the Alternative Songs chart, their 1st Top 10 hit after Animal, it also hit #1 on the Adult Pop Songs, their 1st song to do so.",
"\"Everybody Talks\" was inspired by early 1960s pop music; Tyler Glenn said that \"We fell in love with a lot of like Roy Orbison and the Motown music that my dad listens to.\""
] | [
0
] |
July Crisis | The period known as the July crisis followed the assassination of whom? | World War I | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"The assassination led to a month of diplomatic manoeuvring between Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, France, and Britain which was called the July Crisis.",
"Believing correctly that Serbian officials (especially the officers of the Black Hand) were involved in the plot, and wanting to finally end Serbian interference in Bosnia, Austria-Hungary delivered to Serbia the July Ultimatum, a series of ten demands intentionally made unacceptable, intending to provoke a war with Serbia.",
"When Serbia agreed to only eight of the ten demands, Austria-Hungary declared war on 28 July 1914.",
"Strachan argues, \"Whether an equivocal and early response by Serbia would have made any difference to Austria-Hungary's behaviour must be doubtful.",
"Franz Ferdinand was not the sort of personality who commanded popularity, and his demise did not cast the empire into deepest mourning\".",
"The Russian Empire, unwilling to allow Austria-Hungary to eliminate its influence in the Balkans, and in support of its longtime Serb protégé, ordered a partial mobilisation one day later, 29 July.",
"Germany mobilised on 30 July, and Russia responded by declaring a full mobilisation that same day.",
"Germany imposed an ultimatum on Russia, through its ambassador in Berlin, to demobilise within 12 hours or face war.",
"Russia responded by offering to negotiate the terms of a demobilisation.",
"However, Germany refused to negotiate, declaring war against Russia on 1 August 1914.",
"Germany's war plan, the Schlieffen Plan, relied on a quick, massive invasion of France to eliminate the threat on the West, before turning east against Russia.",
"Simultaneously with its mobilisation against Russia, therefore, the German government issued demands that France remain neutral.",
"The French cabinet resisted military pressure to commence immediate mobilisation, and ordered its troops to withdraw from the border to avoid any incident.",
"Germany attacked Luxembourg on 2 August, and on 3 August declared war on France.",
"On 4 August, after Belgium refused to permit German troops to cross its borders into France, Germany declared war on Belgium as well.",
"Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914, following an \"unsatisfactory reply\" to the British ultimatum that Belgium must be kept neutral."
] | [] |
Etymology | Who used the name officially between 1804 and 1813? | Vietnam | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
4
] | [
"The name \"Việt Nam\" () is a variation of \"Nam Việt\" (; literally \"Southern Việt\"), a name that can be traced back to the Triệu Dynasty of the 2nd century BC.",
"The word \"Việt\" originated as a shortened form of Bách Việt (), a word applied to a group of peoples then living in southern China and Vietnam.",
"The form \"Vietnam\" () is first recorded in the 16th-century oracular poem \"Sấm Trạng Trình\".",
"The name has also been found on 12 steles carved in the 16th and 17th centuries, including one at Bao Lam Pagoda in Haiphong that dates to 1558.",
"Between 1804 and 1813, the name was used officially by Emperor Gia Long.",
"It was revived in the early 20th century by Phan Bội Châu's \"History of the Loss of Vietnam\", and later by the Vietnamese Nationalist Party.",
"The country was usually called Annam until 1945, when both the imperial government in Huế and the Viet Minh government in Hanoi adopted \"Việt Nam\".",
"Since the use of Chinese characters was discontinued in 1918, the alphabetic spelling of Vietnam is official."
] | [
3
] |
Season 5 | The 5th season of 30 Rock aired when? | 30 Rock | true | 1TV
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"30 Rock\" premiered its fifth season on September 23, 2010 in the Thursday 8:30 p.m. time slot.",
"An episode of 30 Rock's fifth season was filmed and broadcast live, twice, on the evening of October 14, 2010.",
"The two separate recordings resulted in a live telecast of the episode to American viewers in both the West and East Coast, to ensure both would view a live performance.",
"Filmed in front of a live audience, the episode aired at 8:30 pm EDT and PDT on NBC.",
"A ratings success, the episode was also met with positive reviews.",
"\"30 Rock\" moved to the 10/9c from January 20, 2011.",
"Season 5 focuses on Liz Lemon's continuing relationship with Carol Burnett (Matt Damon), Jack's start into fatherhood with fiancée Avery (Elizabeth Banks), struggling with the merger of NBCUniversal with Kabletown, Tracy's foray into getting an EGOT, and Kenneth's attempt to get back to NBC.",
"Aside from featuring the return of Rachel Dratch in the Live Show, other guest stars include Matt Damon, Elizabeth Banks, Susan Sarandon (as Frank's former teacher- who was in prison due to their relationship while he was a student- and present girlfriend), Paul Giamatti, Sherri Shepherd, Queen Latifah, Rob Reiner, John Amos, Jon Hamm, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Bill Hader, Chris Parnell, Kelsey Grammer, Buck Henry, David Gregory, John Slattery, Daniel Sunjata, Will Forte, Kelly Coffield Park, Elaine Stritch, Dr. Condoleezza Rice, Alan Alda, Cheyenne Jackson, Robert De Niro, Dean Winters, Ken Howard, Vanessa Minnillo, Brian Williams, Richard Belzer, Ice-T, John Cho, Chloë Grace Moretz, Terrance Mann (as oceanographer Robert Ballard), Cristin Milioti (as Abby Flynn in \"TGS Hates Women\"), Eion Bailey, Adriane Lenox, Michael Keaton, Margaret Cho (as Avery's kidnapper, Korean dictator Kim Jong-il), and Tom Hanks."
] | [
2
] |
Languages | A few people in Hokkaido are the only people who speak which language? | Japan | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
6
] | [
"More than 99 percent of the population speaks Japanese as their first language.",
"Japanese is an agglutinative language distinguished by a system of honorifics reflecting the hierarchical nature of Japanese society, with verb forms and particular vocabulary indicating the relative status of speaker and listener.",
"Japanese writing uses kanji (Chinese characters) and two sets of kana (syllabaries based on simplified Chinese characters), as well as the Latin alphabet and Arabic numerals.",
"Besides Japanese, the Ryukyuan languages (Amami, Kunigami, Okinawan, Miyako, Yaeyama, Yonaguni), also part of the Japonic language family, are spoken in the Ryukyu Islands chain.",
"Few children learn these languages, but in recent years the local governments have sought to increase awareness of the traditional languages.",
"The Okinawan Japanese dialect is also spoken in the region.",
"The Ainu language, which has no proven relationship to Japanese or any other language, is moribund, with only a few elderly native speakers remaining in Hokkaido.",
"Most public and private schools require students to take courses in both Japanese and English."
] | [
3
] |
Frank and Charles Menches | At which county fair did Frank and Charles Mences claim to sell the first hamburger? | Hamburger | false | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"Another claim from 1885 comes from Frank and Charles Menches who claim to have sold a ground beef sandwich at the Erie County Fair in Hamburg, New York.",
"During the fair, they ran out of pork sausage for their sandwiches and substituted beef.",
"Kunzog, who spoke to Frank Menches, says they exhausted their supply of sausage, so purchased chopped up beef from a butcher, Andrew Klein.",
"Though historian Joseph Streamer wrote that the meat was from Stein's market not Klein's; despite Stein having sold the market in 1874.",
"The story notes that the origin of the hamburger comes from Hamburg, New York not Hamburg Germany.",
"Yet Frank Menches's obituary in \"The New York Times\" states that these events took place at the 1892 Summit County Fair in Akron, Ohio."
] | [] |
Human Sacrifice, Aliens and Mysticism | Is there evidence of retainer sacrifices? | Machu Picchu | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
2
] | [
"There is little information on human sacrifices taking place at Machu Picchu.",
"This is can be attributed to the fact that many sacrifices were never given a proper burial and their skeletal remains have succumbed to the elements.",
"However, there is evidence that indicates the use of retainer sacrifices.",
"In these unique cases, human sacrifices were made to accompany a deceased noble in the afterlife.",
"Although human sacrifices occurred, it was much more common to offer animal, liquid and dirt sacrifices to the gods.",
"These offerings were made at the Altar of the Condor and are still made today by members of the New Age Andean religion.",
"It is a belief among some New Age Andean cosmologists that aliens once inhabited the Cusco region of Peru and are responsible for building Machu Picchu's grand architecture.",
"These views have been widely refuted by Peruvians as they feel their ancestors were capable of such technological and architectural feats."
] | [] |
Wartime destruction | What happened to the region's trade flow during the Marshall Plan? | Marshall Plan | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"By the end of World War II, much of Europe was devastated.",
"Sustained aerial bombardment during the war had badly damaged most major cities, and industrial facilities were especially hard-hit.",
"The region's trade flows had been thoroughly disrupted; millions were in refugee camps living on aid from United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration and other agencies.",
"Food shortages were severe, especially in the harsh winter of 1946–1947.",
"Especially damaged was transportation infrastructure, as railways, bridges, and docks had been specifically targeted by air strikes, while much merchant shipping had been sunk.",
"Although most small towns and villages had not suffered as much damage, the destruction of transportation left them economically isolated.",
"None of these problems could be easily remedied, as most nations engaged in the war had exhausted their treasuries in its execution.",
"The only major powers whose infrastructure had not been significantly harmed in World War II were the United States and Canada.",
"They were much more prosperous than before the war but exports were a small factor in their economy.",
"Much of the Marshall Plan aid would be used by the Europeans to buy manufactured goods and raw materials from the United States and Canada."
] | [
0
] |
Alpine Snowboarding | How is carving a snowboard similar to a roller coaster ride? | Snowboarding | true | 4SPORT
| [
9
] | [
"Sometimes called freecarving, this takes place on hard packed snow or groomed runs and focuses on carving linked turns, much like surfing or longboarding.",
"Little or no jumping takes place in this discipline.",
"Alpine Snowboarding consists of a small portion of the general snowboard population, that has a well connected social community and its own specific board manufacturers.",
"Alpine Snowboard equipment is a ski-like hardshell boot and plate binding system with a true directional snowboard that is stiffer and narrower to manage linking turns with greater forces and speed.",
"Shaped skis can thank these \"freecarve\" snowboards for the cutting-edge technology leading to their creation.",
"Highlights of alpine snowboarding includes a unique sensation felt through each carved turn.",
"A skilled alpine snowboarder can link numerous turns into a run placing their body very close to the ground each turn, similar to a motogp turn or waterski carve.",
"Depending on factors including stiffness, turning radius and personality this can be done slowly or fast.",
"Carvers make perfect half-circles out of each turn, changing edges when the snowboard is perpendicular to the fall line and starting every turn on the downhill edge.",
"Carving on a snowboard is like riding a roller coaster, because the board will lock into a turn radius and provide what feels like multiple Gs of acceleration."
] | [
5
] |
Provenances | When was the Vincent van Gogh Foundation established? | Sunflowers (Van Gogh series) | false | 3ART
| [
4
] | [
"Two Paris versions Van Gogh exchanged with Gauguin in December 1887 or January 1888 were both sold to Ambroise Vollard: one in January 1895 and the other in April 1896.",
"The first canvas resided for a short time with Félix Roux, but was reacquired by Vollard and sold to Degas from his estate to Rosenberg, then to Hahnloser and bequested to the Kunstmuseum in Bern.",
"The second was acquired by the Dutch collector Hoogendijk at the sale of his collection by Kann, who ceded the painting to Richard Bühler and then via Thannhauser to the Metropolitan Museum in New York.",
"Two of Van Gogh's \"Sunflowers\" paintings never left the artist's estate: the study for one of the Paris versions (F.377) and the repetition of fourth version (F.458).",
"Both are in the possession of the Vincent van Gogh Foundation, established 1962 by Vincent Willem van Gogh, the artist's nephew, and on permanent loan to the Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam.",
"Five other versions are recorded in the Van Gogh estate papers:",
"the final Paris version (F.452) in the artist's estate was sold 1909 via C. M. van Gogh, The Hague (J. H. de Bois) to Kröller-Müller",
"(F.457) sold 1894 to Emile Schuffenecker.",
"(Tokyo version).",
"(F.456) sold 1905 via Paul Cassirer to Hugo von Tschudi.",
"(Munich version).",
"(F.459) sold 1908 C. M. van Gogh (J. H. de Bois), The Hague to Fritz Meyer-Fierz, Zürich (destroyed Japan 1945).",
"(F.454) sold 1924 via Ernest Brown & Phillips (The Leicester Gallery) to the Tate Gallery; since on permanent loan to the National Gallery, London.",
"(London version).",
"Two Arles versions left the artist's estate unrecorded:",
"(F.453) (private collection).",
"Sold 1891 to Octave Mirbeau, Paris, (via Tanguy, Paris) for £12 (about £1,300 in 2013 £).",
"Sold 1996 to a private collector for an undisclosed sum.",
"(F.455) (Philadelphia version)."
] | [
2
] |
Education | What is the reading rate of people over the age of 15 in Argentina | Argentina | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Argentina built a national public education system in comparison to other nations, placing the country high in the global rankings of literacy.",
"Today Argentina has a literacy rate of 97.4%, and 16.2% over age 15 have completed secondary school studies or higher.",
"School attendance is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 17.",
"The Argentine school system consists of an elementary or lower school level lasting six or seven years, and a secondary or high school level lasting between five to six years, depending on the jurisdiction.",
"There are forty-seven national public universities across the country, as well as forty-six private ones.",
"The universities of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, La Plata, Rosario, and the National Technological University are among the most important.",
"Public universities faced cutbacks in spending during the 1980s and 1990s, which led to a decline in overall quality.",
"Four out of five Argentine adults have completed grade school, over a third have completed their secondary education and one in nine Argentine adults have college degrees.",
"Likewise, Argentina has the highest rate of university students in Latin America: official sources recently reported roughly 1,500,000 college students within the Argentine University System."
] | [
0
] |
Host range | What are by far the most abundant biological entities on Earth and outnumber all the others put together? | Virus | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"Viruses are by far the most abundant biological entities on Earth and they outnumber all the others put together.",
"They infect all types of cellular life including animals, plants, bacteria and fungi.",
"However, different types of viruses can infect only a limited range of hosts and many are species-specific.",
"Some, such as smallpox virus for example, can infect only one species – in this case humans, and are said to have a narrow host range.",
"Other viruses, such as rabies virus, can infect different species of mammals and are said to have a broad range.",
"The viruses that infect plants are harmless to animals, and most viruses that infect other animals are harmless to humans.",
"The host range of some bacteriophages is limited to a single strain of bacteria and they can be used to trace the source of outbreaks of infections by a method called phage typing."
] | [
0
] |
Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt | What member of the Ptolemaic line last ruled Egypt? | Egypt | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
4
] | [
"The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia.",
"Alexandria became the capital city and a center of Greek culture and trade.",
"To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs.",
"The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life.",
"The last ruler from the Ptolemaic line was Cleopatra VII, who committed suicide following the burial of her lover Mark Antony who had died in her arms (from a self-inflicted stab wound), after Octavian had captured Alexandria and her mercenary forces had fled.",
"The Ptolemies faced rebellions of native Egyptians often caused by an unwanted regime and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its annexation by Rome.",
"Nevertheless Hellenistic culture continued to thrive in Egypt well after the Muslim conquest.",
"Christianity was brought to Egypt by Saint Mark the Evangelist in the 1st century.",
"Diocletian's reign marked the transition from the Roman to the Byzantine era in Egypt, when a great number of Egyptian Christians were persecuted.",
"The New Testament had by then been translated into Egyptian.",
"After the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, a distinct Egyptian Coptic Church was firmly established."
] | [
0
] |
Notable other performances | When Kelly performed the song at the 40th Annual Grammy Awards," I Believe I Can Fly".Which NBA player was commonly associated with it? | I Believe I Can Fly | false | 0MUSIC
| [
2
] | [
"R.",
"Kelly performed the song at the 40th Annual Grammy Awards.STS-122 crew heard this song on flight day 10 as a wake up call.",
"Since its release, it has become commonly associated with the NBA, most notably with Michael Jordan.",
"It also the song was in the 1997 NBA Finals on NBC.",
"On December 21, 2011, R. Kelly performed it on X-Factor as a duet with Melanie Amaro.",
"A version of the song, recorded by the Halifax community choir, was used as the backing track to a 2012 UK TV advertisement for the Halifax Bank.",
"On October 13, 2012, when the Space Shuttle Endeavour was being transferred from Los Angeles International Airport to the California Science Center through the streets of Los Angeles, the recording was played as the shuttle left The Forum, and the song was performed live by James Ingram later that day at Debbie Allen's live show celebrating the Endeavour's arrival at the corner of Crenshaw Blvd and Martin Luther King Blvd.",
"(The shuttle was delayed over five hours in arriving there; to keep the crowd entertained, the performance went on only slightly delayed.)"
] | [
2
] |
Abstract | When did Judy Garland release "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"? | Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas | true | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"\"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas\" is a song introduced by Judy Garland in the 1944 MGM musical \"Meet Me in St. Louis\".",
"Frank Sinatra later recorded a version with modified lyrics.",
"The song was written by Hugh Martin and Ralph Blane.",
"In 2007, ASCAP ranked \"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas\" the third most performed Christmas song during the preceding five years that had been written by ASCAP members."
] | [
2
] |
History | Who lived in the area that became Great Smoky Mountains National Park? | Great Smoky Mountains National Park | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"Before the arrival of European settlers, the region was part of the homeland of the Cherokees.",
"Frontierspeople began settling the land in the 18th and early 19th century.",
"In 1830 President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, beginning the process that eventually resulted in the forced removal of all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi River to what is now Oklahoma.",
"Many of the Cherokee left, but some, led by renegade warrior Tsali, hid out in the area that is now the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.",
"Some of their descendants now live in the Qualla Boundary to the south of the park.",
"As white settlers arrived, logging grew as a major industry in the mountains, and a rail line, the Little River Railroad, was constructed in the late-19th Century to haul timber out of the remote regions of the area.",
"Cut-and-run-style clearcutting was destroying the natural beauty of the area, so visitors and locals banded together to raise money for preservation of the land.",
"The U.S. National Park Service wanted a park in the eastern United States, but did not have much money to establish one.",
"Though Congress had authorized the park in 1926, there was no nucleus of federally owned land around which to build a park.",
"John D. Rockefeller, Jr., contributed $5 million, the U.S. government added $2 million, and private citizens from Tennessee and North Carolina pitched in to assemble the land for the park, piece by piece.",
"Slowly, mountain homesteaders, miners, and loggers were evicted from the land.",
"Farms and timbering operations were abolished to establish the protected areas of the park.",
"Travel writer Horace Kephart, for whom Mount Kephart was named, and photographer George Masa were instrumental in fostering the development of the park.",
"Former Governor Ben W. Hooper of Tennessee was the principal land purchasing agent for the park, which was officially established on June 15, 1934.",
"During the Great Depression, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Works Progress Administration, and other federal organizations made trails, fire watchtowers, and other infrastructure improvements to the park and Smoky Mountains.",
"It was also a site for filming of parts of Disney's hit 1950s TV series, \"Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier\".",
"This park was designated an International Biosphere Reserve in 1976, was certified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983, and became a part of the Southern Appalachian Biosphere Reserve in 1988.",
"A 75th anniversary re-dedication ceremony was held on September 2, 2009.",
"Among those in attendance were all four US Senators, the three US Representatives whose districts include the park, the governors of both states, and Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar.",
"Tennessee native, singer, and actress Dolly Parton also attended and performed."
] | [
3
] |
Layout | What is the architecture adapted to, and how many buildings are represented? | Machu Picchu | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
2,
3
] | [
"The site is roughly divided into an urban sector and an agricultural sector, as well as the upper town and the lower town.",
"The temples are part of the upper town, the warehouses the lower.",
"The architecture is adapted to the natural form of the mountains.",
"Approximately 200 buildings are arranged on wide parallel terraces around a vast central square that is oriented east-west.",
"The various \"kanchas\" or compounds are long and narrow in order to exploit the terrain.",
"Extensive terraces were used for agriculture and sophisticated channeling systems provided irrigation for the fields.",
"Numerous stone stairways set in the walls allowed access to the different levels across the site.",
"The eastern section of the city was probably residential.",
"The western, separated by the square, was for religious and ceremonial purposes.",
"This section contains the Torreón, the massive tower which may have been used as an observatory.",
"Located in the first zone are the primary archaeological treasures: the \"Intihuatana\", the \"Temple of the Sun\" and the \"Room of the Three Windows\".",
"These were dedicated to \"Inti\", their sun god and greatest deity.",
"The Popular District, or Residential District, is the place where the lower-class people lived.",
"It includes storage buildings and simple houses.",
"The royalty area, a sector for the nobility, is a group of houses located in rows over a slope; the residence of the Amautas (wise persons) was characterized by its reddish walls, and the zone of the \"Ñustas\" (princesses) had trapezoid-shaped rooms.",
"The Monumental Mausoleum is a carved statue with a vaulted interior and carved drawings.",
"It was used for rites or sacrifices.",
"The Guardhouse is a three-sided building, with one of its long sides opening onto the Terrace of the Ceremonial Rock.",
"The three-sided style of Inca architecture is known as the \"wayrona\" style."
] | [
0,
5
] |
Description | What is nucleaus of the most common isotope of the hydrogen atom? | Proton | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
5
] | [
"Protons are spin-½ fermions and are composed of three valence quarks, making them baryons (a sub-type of hadrons).",
"The two up quarks and one down quark of the proton are held together by the strong force, mediated by gluons.",
"A modern perspective has the proton composed of the valence quarks (up, up, down), the gluons, and transitory pairs of sea quarks.",
"The proton has an approximately exponentially decaying positive charge distribution with a mean square radius of about 0.8 fm.",
"Protons and neutrons are both nucleons, which may be bound together by the nuclear force to form atomic nuclei.",
"The nucleus of the most common isotope of the hydrogen atom (with the chemical symbol \"H\") is a lone proton.",
"The nuclei of the heavy hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium contain one proton bound to one and two neutrons, respectively.",
"All other types of atomic nuclei are composed of two or more protons and various numbers of neutrons."
] | [
0
] |
Moon race | when was the 40th anniversary of apollo 11? | Apollo 11 | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3
] | [
"The Soviet Union was secretly attempting to compete with the US in landing a man on the Moon but had been hampered by repeated failures in development of a launcher comparable to the Saturn V. Meanwhile, they tried to beat the US to return lunar material to the Earth by means of unmanned probes.",
"On July 13, three days before Apollo 11's launch, they launched Luna 15, which reached lunar orbit before Apollo 11.",
"During descent, a malfunction caused Luna 15 to crash in Mare Crisium about two hours before Armstrong and Aldrin took off from the surface.",
"The Jodrell Bank Observatory radio telescope in England was later discovered to have recorded transmissions from Luna 15 during its descent, and this was published in July 2009 on the 40th anniversary of Apollo 11."
] | [
2
] |
Music | Who composed Fruitvale Station? | Fruitvale Station | false | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"The musical score to \"Fruitvale Station\" was composed by Ludwig Göransson.",
"Also a USC graduate, Göransson said of the scoring process: \"Ryan and I talked a lot about how sound design was going to have a huge role in the movie and very early on I got sent the actual sound recordings of the Bart Train.",
"I manipulated the train sound and made it almost feel like a dark ambient synth sound and I used it almost throughout the whole Bart platform scene.",
"The other element in the score is lots of layered and manipulated guitars sounding almost like haunting pads.\"",
"Coogler added: \"One thing that we always wanted to be conscious of with the score, was to make sure that it always felt organic.",
"A lot of the film would play without score, so Ludwig made sure that whenever we brought score in came out of sounds in the environment.\"",
"A soundtrack album, \"Fruitvale Station – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\", was be released digitally on September 24, 2013 and on CD October 15, 2013 through Lakeshore Records."
] | [
3
] |
Cast | In Wake in Fright who plays Jarvis? | Wake in Fright | true | 6MOVIES
| [
10
] | [
" Gary Bond as John Grant",
" Donald Pleasence as Doc Tydon",
" Chips Rafferty as Jock Crawford",
" Sylvia Kay as Janette Hynes",
" John Meillon as Charlie",
" Jack Thompson as Dick",
" Peter Whittle as Joe",
" Al Thomas as Tim Hynes",
" Dawn Lake as Joyce",
" John Armstrong as Atkins",
" Slim de Grey as Jarvis",
" Maggie Dence as receptionist",
" Norman Erskine as Joe the cook"
] | [
3
] |
Ratings | How many viewers watched the 2-5th episodes of Once Upon a Time? | Once Upon a Time (TV series) | false | 1TV
| [
4
] | [
"The first season premiered as the top-rated drama series.",
"The pilot episode was watched by 13 million viewers and received a 4.0 rating/share among 18–49 year olds.",
"It was the season's highest-rated drama debut among the age range and ABC's biggest debut in five years.",
"With DVR viewers, the premiere climbed to 15.5 million viewers and a 5.2 rating/share in adults 18–49.",
"The show's next three episodes had consistent ratings every week with over 11 million viewers.",
"The series has become the number one non-sports program with viewers and young adults on Sunday nights."
] | [
5
] |
The "Repetitions", January 1889 | What did the Tokyo version of Van Gogh's Sunflowers add? | Sunflowers (Van Gogh series) | true | 3ART
| [
2
] | [
"Both \"repetitions\" of the 4th version are no longer in their original state.",
"In the Amsterdam version a strip of wood was added at the top—probably by Van Gogh himself.",
"The Tokyo version, however, was enlarged on all sides with strips of canvas, which were added at a later time—presumably by the first owner, Emile Schuffenecker.",
"The series is perhaps his best known and most widely reproduced.",
"In recent years, there has been debate regarding the authenticity of one of the paintings, and it has been suggested that this version may have been the work of Émile Schuffenecker or of Paul Gauguin.",
"Most experts, however, conclude that the work is genuine."
] | [
0
] |
Neutral medium | In electrochemistry, what is the procedure used on a Neutral medium? | Electrochemistry | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"The same procedure as used on acid medium is applied, for example on balancing using electron ion method to complete combustion of propane.",
"\"Unbalanced reaction\": C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O",
"\"Reduction\": 4 H+ + O2 + 4 e– → 2 H2O",
"\"Oxidation\": 6 H2O + C3H8 → 3 CO2 + 20 e– + 20 H+",
"As in acid and basic medium, electrons which were used to compensate oxidation changes are multiplied to opposite half reactions, thus solving the equation.",
"20 H+ + 5 O2 + 20 e– → 10 H2O",
"6 H2O + C3H8 → 3 CO2 + 20 e– + 20 H+",
"Equation balanced:",
"C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O"
] | [
0
] |
Origins | What yaer did MacFarlane come up with the idea for "Family Guy"? | Family Guy | true | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"MacFarlane initially conceived \"Family Guy\" in 1995 while studying animation at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD).",
"During college, he created his thesis film entitled \"The Life of Larry\", which was submitted by his professor at RISD to Hanna-Barbera.",
"MacFarlane was hired by the company.",
"In 1996 MacFarlane created a sequel to \"The Life of Larry\" entitled \"Larry and Steve\", which featured a middle-aged character named Larry and an intellectual dog, Steve; the short was broadcast in 1997 as one of Cartoon Network's \"World Premiere Toons\".",
"Executives at Fox saw the \"Larry\" shorts and contracted MacFarlane to create a series, entitled \"Family Guy\", based on the characters.",
"Fox proposed MacFarlane complete a 15-minute short, and gave him a budget of $50,000.",
"Several aspects of \"Family Guy\" were inspired by the \"Larry shorts\".",
"While working on the series, the characters of Larry and his dog Steve slowly evolved into Peter and Brian.",
"MacFarlane stated that the difference between \"The Life of Larry\" and \"Family Guy\" was that \"\"Life of Larry\" was shown primarily in my dorm room and \"Family Guy\" was shown after the Super Bowl.\"",
"After the pilot aired, the series was given the green light.",
"MacFarlane drew inspiration from several sitcoms such as \"The Simpsons\" and \"All in the Family\".",
"Premises were drawn from several 1980s Saturday morning cartoons he watched as a child, such as \"The Fonz and the Happy Days Gang\" and \"Rubik, the Amazing Cube\".",
"The Griffin family first appeared on the demo that MacFarlane pitched to Fox on May 15, 1998.",
"\"Family Guy\" was originally planned to start out as short movies for the sketch show \"MADtv\", but the plan changed because MADtv's budget was not large enough to support animation production.",
"MacFarlane noted that he then wanted to pitch it to Fox, as he thought that that was the place to create a prime-time animation show.",
"\"Family Guy\" was originally pitched to Fox in the same year as \"King of the Hill\", but the show was not bought until years later, when \"King of the Hill\" became successful.",
"Fox ordered 13 episodes of \"Family Guy\" to air in midseason after MacFarlane impressed executives with a seven-minute demo."
] | [
0
] |
Arts | Beginning the 20th century, name one of the world's leading opera singers. | Australia | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
11
] | [
"Australian visual arts are thought to have begun with the cave paintings, rock engravings and body painting of its Indigenous peoples.",
"The traditions of Indigenous Australians are largely transmitted orally, through ceremony and the telling of Dreamtime stories.",
"From the time of European settlement, a theme in Australian art has been the natural landscape, seen for example in the works of Albert Namatjira, Arthur Streeton and others associated with the Heidelberg School, and Arthur Boyd.",
"The country's landscape remains a source of inspiration for Australian modernist artists; it has been depicted in acclaimed works by the likes of Sidney Nolan, Fred Williams, Sydney Long, and Clifton Pugh.",
"Australian artists influenced by modern American and European art include cubist Grace Crowley, surrealist James Gleeson, and pop artist Martin Sharp.",
"Contemporary Indigenous Australian art is the only art movement of international significance to emerge from Australia and \"the last great art movement of the 20th century\"; its exponents have included Emily Kngwarreye.",
"Art critic Robert Hughes has written several influential books about Australian history and art, and was described as the \"world's most famous art critic\" by \"The New York Times\".",
"The National Gallery of Australia and state galleries maintain Australian and overseas collections.",
"Australia has one of the world's highest attendances of art galleries and museums per head of population—far more than Britain or America.",
"Many of Australia's performing arts companies receive funding through the federal government's Australia Council.",
"There is a symphony orchestra in each state, and a national opera company, Opera Australia, well-known for its famous soprano Joan Sutherland.",
"At the beginning of the 20th century, Nellie Melba was one of the world's leading opera singers.",
"Ballet and dance are represented by The Australian Ballet and various state companies.",
"Each state has a publicly funded theatre company.",
"Australian literature has also been influenced by the landscape; the works of writers such as Banjo Paterson, Henry Lawson, and Dorothea Mackellar captured the experience of the Australian bush.",
"The character of the nation's colonial past, as represented in early literature, is popular with modern Australians.",
"In 1973, Patrick White was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the first Australian to have achieved this.",
"Australian winners of the Man Booker Prize have included Peter Carey and Thomas Keneally; David Williamson, David Malouf, and J. M. Coetzee, who recently became an Australian citizen, are also renowned writers, and Les Murray is regarded as \"one of the leading poets of his generation\"."
] | [] |
Energy | What is the United States energy market? | United States | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"The United States energy market is 29,000 terawatt hours per year.",
"Energy consumption per capita is 7.8 tons of oil equivalent per year, the 10th highest rate in the world.",
"In 2005, 40% of this energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 22% from natural gas.",
"The remainder was supplied by nuclear power and renewable energy sources.",
"The United States is the world's largest consumer of petroleum.",
"For decades, nuclear power has played a limited role relative to many other developed countries, in part because of public perception in the wake of a 1979 accident.",
"In 2007, several applications for new nuclear plants were filed.",
"The United States has 27% of global coal reserves.",
"It is the world's largest producer of natural gas and crude oil."
] | [
0
] |
Estonia – the first demonstrations | Estonian youth demonstrated on what day? | Dissolution of the Soviet Union | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"In spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia.",
"Signatures were collected and in Tartu, students assembled in the university's main hall to express their lack of confidence in the government.",
"At the 1st May 1987 demonstration, young people showed up bearing banners and slogans, despite a ban against such actions.",
"On 15 August 1987, former political prisoners formed the MRP-AEG group (Estonians for the Public Disclosure of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), which was headed by Tiit Madisson.",
"In September 1987, the Edasi newspaper published a proposal by Edgar Savisaar, Siim Kallas, Tiit Made and Mikk Titma calling for Estonia to make the transition to autonomy.",
"Initially geared toward economic independence, then toward a certain amount of political autonomy, the project, Isemajandav Eesti (A Self-Managing Estonia) became known according to its Estonian acronym, IME, which means \"miracle\".",
"On 21 October, a demonstration dedicated to those who gave their lives in the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence took place in Võru, which culminated in a conflict with the militia.",
"For the first time in years, the blue, black and white national tricolor was publicly visible."
] | [
0
] |
Season 2 | What federal agent was assigned to track down the 8 fugitives? | Prison Break | false | 1TV
| [
5
] | [
"The second season begins eight hours after the escape, focusing mainly on the eight escapees.",
"Series creator Paul Scheuring describes the second season as \"\"The Fugitive\" times eight\" and likens it to the \"second half of \"The Great Escape\".\"",
"The fugitives split up and journey to locations across the country with the authorities close behind them as they each pursue their individual goals.",
"Brad Bellick (Wade Williams) gets fired from the prison where he worked as the main guard and chases after the inmates himself for the reward money.",
"Several of the escapees reunite in search of a large cache of money buried long ago by another Fox River inmate, Charles Westmoreland (Muse Watson).",
"Federal agent Alexander Mahone (William Fichtner) is assigned to track down and capture the eight fugitives, but is revealed to be working for The Company, which wants all eight men dead.",
"When Sara discovers her father, Governor Frank Tancredi (John Heard), has been killed, she meets with Michael, remaining with him as the brothers try to bring down now-President Reynolds, a Company member.",
"To ensure the brothers' safety, Sara allows herself to be arrested and faces trial.",
"During the trial, the testimony of former Secret Service agent Paul Kellerman (Paul Adelstein), who used to work for the Company-controlled President, exonerates Lincoln and Sara.",
"Half of the escapees are killed or recaptured, but the brothers make it to Panama.",
"Michael, T-Bag, Mahone, and Bellick are arrested by the Panamanian authorities and imprisoned at the Penitenciaría Federal de Sona."
] | [
0
] |
Shooting in Aurora, Colorado | What date did the Aurora shooting happened on? | The Dark Knight Rises | true | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"On July 20, 2012, during a midnight showing of the film at the Century 16 cinema in Aurora, Colorado, a gunman wearing a gas mask opened fire inside the theater, killing 12 people and injuring 58 others.",
"Police responding to the shooting apprehended a suspect, later identified as 24-year-old James Eagan Holmes, shortly after arriving on the scene.",
"At the time of his arrest, Holmes allegedly identified himself as the Joker to police.",
"Warner Bros. stated that it was deeply saddened by the shooting, and announced the cancellation of the Paris, Mexico, and Japan premieres of \"The Dark Knight Rises\", and suspended the marketing campaign for the film in Finland.",
"Several broadcast networks also suspended television ads for the film in the United States because of the tragedy.",
"The trailer for \"Gangster Squad\", another Warner Bros. movie which was included in the screening of \"The Dark Knight Rises\", has been removed as it contains a scene which shows gangsters shooting submachine guns at moviegoers through the screen, similar to the shooting in Aurora.",
"Director Christopher Nolan released a public statement calling the shooting \"unbearably savage\".",
"Other stars of the film released statements expressing their condolences, with star Christian Bale paying a personal visit to the survivors and the memorial in Aurora."
] | [
0
] |
Attraction history | What date did Transformers: The Ride open? | Universal Studios Hollywood | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
22
] | [
"In 1965, The War Lord Tower opened as one of the first attractions in the theme park.",
"This was followed by the opening of the Animal Actors School Stage in 1970.",
"In 1974, the Rockslide staged event was added to the Studio Tour.",
"The following year The Land of a Thousand Faces opened on the Upper Lot.",
"In 1979, The Battle of Galactica replaced Rockslide as a staged event on the Studio Tour.",
"The Flintstones Show opened, replacing the Star Trek Adventure.",
"In 1996, opened.",
"In 1997, two shows were replaced: The Land Before Time show replaced Rocky and Bullwinkle Live; and Totally Nickelodeon replaced The Flintstones Show.",
"Just one year after it opened, The Land Before Time show was replaced with Coke Soak.",
"In 1999, T2 3-D: Battle Across Time and a Chicken Run Walkthrough opened on the upper lot.",
"Additionally, Beetlejuice's Rock and Roll Graveyard Revue was closed.",
"In 2000, the Rugrats Magic Adventure replaced Totally Nickelodeon.",
"In 2001, the Nickelodeon Blast Zone opened.",
"Also in 2001, Animal Planet Live replaced the Animal Actors School Stage.",
"In 2 replaced The Mummy Returns: Chamber of Doom.",
"The following year, Fear Factor Live replaced Spider-Man Rocks.",
"In 2007, Universal's House of Horrors opened, replacing Van Helsing: Fortress Dracula.",
"Both Lucy: A Tribute and Back to the Future: The Ride were closed, prior to being replaced in 2008 by The Simpsons Ride and The Universal Story Museum respectively.",
"Also in 2008, the Nickelodeon Blast Zone was rebranded to The Adventures of Curious George.",
"In 2009, Creature from the Black Lagoon: The Musical replaced Fear Factor Live in the Upper Lot.",
"In 2010, the Special Effects Stages and Backdraft attractions were closed to make way for Transformers: The Ride which was announced in 2008 (Special Effects Stages was moved to the former Creature From The Black Lagoon building and reopened as Special Effects Stage).",
"King Kong 360 3-D also opened.",
"On May 24, 2012, Transformers: The Ride opened on the Lower Lot.",
"On December 31, 2012, Universal Studios Hollywood closed for , the attraction at Universal Studios Florida, set to come in the April of 2014.",
"Universal Studios Hollywood has plans to open The Wizarding World of Harry Potter which will feature the Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey ride sometime in 2015-2016."
] | [
0
] |
Production | What illness caused Greene's death in "The Shawshank Redemption"? | The Shawshank Redemption | false | 6MOVIES
| [
17
] | [
"Darabont secured the film adaptation rights from author Stephen King after impressing the author with his short film adaptation of \"The Woman in the Room\" in 1983.",
"Although the two had become friends and maintained a pen-pal relationship, Darabont did not work with him until four years later in 1987, when he optioned to adapt \"Shawshank\".",
"This is one of the more famous Dollar Deals made by King with aspiring filmmakers.",
"Darabont later directed \"The Green Mile\" (1999), which was based on another work about a prison by Stephen King, and then followed that up with an adaptation of King's novella \"The Mist\".",
"Rob Reiner, who had previously adapted another King novella, \"The Body\", into the film \"Stand by Me\" (1986), offered $2.5 million in an attempt to write and direct \"Shawshank\".",
"He planned to cast Tom Cruise in the part of Andy and Harrison Ford as Red.",
"Darabont seriously considered and liked Reiner's vision, but he ultimately decided it was his \"chance to do something really great\" by directing the film himself.",
"Though the film is set in Maine, the Ohio State Reformatory in Mansfield, Ohio, served as the fictional Shawshank Prison.",
"Though a large portion of the prison was torn down after filming, the main administration building and two cell blocks remained; the site would be revisited later for filming parts of the film \"Air Force One\".",
"Several of the interior shots of the specialized prison facilities, such as the admittance rooms and the warden's office, were shot in the reformatory.",
"The interior of the boarding room used by Brooks and Red was located in the administration building, though exterior shots were made elsewhere.",
"The prison site is a tourist attraction.",
"Internal scenes in the prison cellblocks were actually filmed on a soundstage built inside the nearby shuttered Westinghouse factory.",
"Downtown scenes were also filmed in Mansfield, as well as neighboring Ashland, Ohio.",
"The oak tree under which Andy buries his letter to Red is located at , near Malabar Farm State Park, in Lucas, Ohio.",
"The tree was heavily damaged by straight-line winds in a thunderstorm on July 29, 2011; officials are unsure if the tree will survive.",
"The film was dedicated to Allen Greene, an agent and a close personal friend of the film's director, Frank Darabont.",
"Greene died shortly before the film was released due to complications of HIV/AIDS."
] | [
0
] |
Box office | What is the highest-grossing motion picture worldwide of 1994? | The Lion King | false | 6MOVIES
| [
3
] | [
"Box office.",
"\"The Lion King\" earned $422,783,777 in North America and an $564,700,000 in other territories for a worldwide total of $987,483,777.",
"It is the ninteenth highest-grossing film, the third-highest-grossing animated film of all time worldwide and the second highest-grossing film of Walt Disney Animation Studios (behind \"Frozen)\".",
"It is also the highest-grossing motion picture of 1994 worldwide.",
"After its initial run, having earned $768.6 million, it ranked as the second-highest grossing film of all time worldwide, behind \"Jurassic Park\" .",
"It held the record for the highest-grossing animated feature film (in North America, outside North America, and worldwide) until it was surpassed by the computer animated \"Finding Nemo\" (2003), \"Shrek 2\" (2004), \"\" (2009), \"Toy Story 3\" (2010), and \"Frozen\" (2013).",
"During its 3D re-release, \"The Lion King\" surpassed all the afomentioned films but \"Toy Story 3\" to rank as the second-highest-grossing animated film worldwide, and the highest-grossing hand-drawn animation.",
"It is also the biggest animated movie of the last 50 years in terms of estimated attendance."
] | [
0
] |
1953 overrun | On what date did the Pennsylvania Railroad's "Federal", the overnight train from Boston, crash into the station? | Union Station (Washington, D.C.) | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"On the morning of January 15, 1953, the Pennsylvania Railroad's \"Federal\", the overnight train from Boston, crashed into the station.",
"When the engineer tried to apply the trainline brakes two miles out of the platforms, he discovered that he only had engine brakes.",
"He radioed a warning ahead, and the concourse was cleared as the train coasted downhill into track 16.",
"The GG1 locomotive, No.",
"4876, hit the bumper block at about , jumped onto the platform, destroyed the stationmaster’s office at the end of the track, took out a newsstand, and was on its way to crashing through the wall into the Great Hall.",
"Just then, the floor of the terminal, having never been designed to carry the weight of a locomotive, gave way, dropping the engine into the basement.",
"The electric locomotive fell into about the center of what is now the food court.",
"Remarkably, no one was killed, and passengers in the rear cars thought that they had only had a rough stop.",
"An investigation revealed that an anglecock on the brakeline had been closed, probably by an icicle knocked from an overhead bridge.",
"The accident inspired the finale of the 1976 film \"Silver Streak\".",
"The durable design of the GG1 made its damage repairable, and it was soon back in service after being hauled away in pieces to the PRR's main shops in Altoona, Pennsylvania.",
"Before the latter action was undertaken, however, the GG1 and the hole it made were temporarily planked over and hidden from view due to the imminent inauguration of General Dwight D. Eisenhower as the thirty-fourth President of the United States."
] | [
0
] |
Language | How much of the population of Tunisia were French-speakers in 2010? | Tunisia | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
4
] | [
"Arabic is the official language, and Tunisian Arabic, known as Derja, is the local, vernacular variety of Arabic and is used by the public.",
"There is also a small minority of speakers of Shelha, a Berber language.",
"French also plays a major role in Tunisian society, despite having no official status.",
"It is widely used in education (e.g., as the language of instruction in the sciences in secondary school), the press, and in business.",
"In 2010, there were 6,639,000 French-speakers in Tunisia, or about 64% of the population.",
"Italian is understood and spoken by a small part of the Tunisian population.",
"Shop signs, menus and road signs in Tunisia are generally written in both Arabic and French.",
"There are also thousands of English or 20% of the population can speak or at least make a conversation with the language specifically those who are in 20s of their ages do speak the language fluently."
] | [
5
] |
Drive hunt captures | Who is Seaworld's spokesperson? | SeaWorld | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"In response to criticism leveled at SeaWorld and other marine parks by the award-winning documentary film \"The Cove\" which accuses them of obtaining dolphins obtained in drive hunts, SeaWorld spokesperson Fred Jacobs stated that, \"We think we're being unfairly criticized for something we're opposed to.\"",
"He adds that, \"SeaWorld opposes the dolphin hunts documented in \"The Cove\".",
"We do not purchase any animals from these hunts.",
"More than 80 percent of the marine mammals in our care were born in our parks.",
"We haven't collected a dolphin from the wild in decades.\"",
"Since 1993 there have been no permits issued to facilities in the United States to import dolphins acquired through drive hunt methods.",
"Marilee Menard, the executive director of the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums, has also stated that she believes that \"The Cove\" filmmakers are \"misrepresenting that the majority of zoos and aquariums with dolphins around the world are taking these animals.\""
] | [
3
] |
The Hollow | When did Hershey Park get water rides? | Hersheypark | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
2
] | [
"This section was named after the oldest operating coaster in the park, Comet, and lies along Spring Creek.",
"This is one of the oldest areas part of Hersheypark; many rides have come and gone in this area.",
"The park's first water ride, the Mill Chute installed in 1929, was alongside the creek where Great Bear runs today.",
"The original location for the bumper cars, then called the Auto Skooters, is now the SooperDooperLooper Sandwich Stop.",
"There were giant slides on the hill where the Hersheypark Amphitheater is located.",
"A turnpike ride was located underneath the high bridge that crossed Spring Creek to Minetown.",
"The park's carousel, before being moved to Carrousel Circle in 1972, was located along the creek adjacent to the station of Comet.",
"Before SooperDooperLooper came to Comet Hollow in 1977, a Himalaya ride was in that location, and before that, twin Eli Bridge Ferris wheels.",
"A whip, and a station for the Electric Railroad were also located in Comet Hollow at one time.",
"One of Hersheypark's most significant floods occurred in 1972 as a result of Hurricane Agnes.",
"A number of rides were heavily damaged or destroyed as a result.",
"These rides include the turnpike ride, the Mill Chute and the giant slides.",
"They were eventually replaced (the Coal Cracker (1973) and Twin Turnpike (1975) were put on higher ground in Minetown, and the Merry Derry Dip Fun Slide was put in Midway America twenty five years later in 1997).",
"Today, Comet Hollow features three roller coasters, Comet (Hersheypark), Skyrush, and the first looping roller coaster on the East Coast, SooperDooperLooper.",
"It also houses the Wave Swinger.",
"Almost all of Great Bear's track courses through Comet Hollow.",
"Beginning with the 2012 season and renovations being done to this area, the park changed the name of the once 'Comet Hollow' to the now present name of 'The Hollow'."
] | [
2
] |
Flooding and clearing | What is the most common type of snorkel like? | Snorkeling | false | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"The most common type of snorkel is a simple tube that is allowed to flood when underwater.",
"The snorkeler expels water from the snorkel either with a sharp exhalation on return to the surface (\"blast clearing\") or by tilting the head back shortly before reaching the surface and exhaling until reaching or breaking the surface (\"displacement method\") and facing forward again before inhaling the next breath.",
"The displacement method expels water by displacing its presence in the snorkel with air; it is a technique that takes practice but clears the snorkel with less effort, but only works when surfacing.",
"Clearing splash water while at the surface requires blast clearing.",
"Some snorkels have a sump in the mouthpiece to allow a small volume of water to remain in the snorkel without being inhaled when the snorkeler breathes.",
"Some also have a one-way output valve in the sump, which automatically drains the sump as it fills with water.",
"A few snorkels have float-operated valves attached to the top end of the tube to keep water out when a wave passes, but these cause problems when diving as the snorkel must then be equalised during descent, using part of the diver's inhaled air supply.",
"Some recent designs have a splash deflector on the top end that prevents entry of any water that splashes over the open end of the tube, thereby keeping it relatively free from water.",
"Finswimmers usually don't use snorkels with a sump valve, as they learn to spit water out through the tube, allowing greater speed and lowering the stress of eventual swallowing of small quantities of water, which would impede their competition performance.",
"There is actually a method to re-train former snorkelers to use sump valve, splash deflector and noseclip to become a proficient finswimmer.",
"Common problem with all assistive mechanical clearing mechanisms is their tendency to fail if infrequently used, stored for long periods, environmental fouling, or due to lack of maintenance.",
"Modern designs use silicone rubber in the mouthpiece and one-way clearing and float valves due to its resistance to degradation and its long service life.",
"Natural rubber was formerly used, but slowly oxidizes and breaks down due to ultraviolet light exposure from the sun.",
"It eventually loses its flexibility, becomes brittle and cracks, which can cause clearing valves to stick in the open or closed position, and float valves to leak due to a failure of the valve seat to seal.",
"In even older designs, some snorkels were made with small \"ping pong\" balls in a cage mounted to the open end of the tube to prevent water ingress.",
"These are no longer sold or recommended because they are unreliable and considered hazardous.",
"Similarly, diving masks with a built-in snorkel are considered unsafe and obsolete.",
"Application of a grease to valve seats can aid in sealing, but is mechanically washed away over time.",
"A heavy application can cause valves to stick closed and trap grit (foul), which will cause the valve to leak.",
"Environmental fouling can be caused by beach sand or loose-floating plant or animal matter becoming lodged in the valve, preventing proper operation.",
"Although swimming with a snorkel is much easier than without, it is important that a novice swimmer also learn surface breathing and floating without a snorkel, in the event that the clearing mechanisms fail, rendering the snorkel useless as a breathing aid."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | What is the film Captain Phillips? | Captain Phillips (film) | false | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"Captain Phillips (film)Captain Phillips is a 2013 American thriller film directed by Paul Greengrass and starring Tom Hanks and Barkhad Abdi.",
"The film is based on the true story of the 2009 \"Maersk Alabama\" hijacking, an incident during which merchant mariner Captain Richard Phillips was taken hostage by pirates in the Indian Ocean led by Abduwali Muse.",
"The screenplay was written by Billy Ray, and is based on the 2010 book \"A Captain's Duty: Somali Pirates, Navy SEALs, and Dangerous Days at Sea\" by Richard Phillips with Stephan Talty.",
"Scott Rudin, Dana Brunetti and Michael De Luca served as producers on the project.",
"It premiered at the 2013 New York Film Festival, and was theatrically released on October 11, 2013.",
"The film emerged as a box office success with earnings of over $217 million against a budget of $55 million.",
"In 2014, \"Captain Phillips\" received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for Abdi, but did not win in any of the categories."
] | [
0
] |
Marathon races | Which marathon traces the route of the 1896 Olympic course? | Marathon | false | 4SPORT
| [
9
] | [
" races.",
"Annually, more than 500 marathons are organized worldwide.",
"Some of these belong to the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races (AIMS) which has grown since its foundation in 1982 to embrace over 300 member events in 83 countries and territories.",
"The marathons of Berlin, Boston, Chicago, London, New York City and Tokyo form the World Marathon Majors series, awarding $500,000 annually to the best overall male and female performers in the series.",
"In 2006, the editors of Runner's World selected a \"World's Top 10 Marathons\", in which the Amsterdam, Honolulu, Paris, Rotterdam, and Stockholm marathons were featured along with the five mentioned above.",
"Other notable large marathons include United States Marine Corps Marathon, Los Angeles, and Rome.",
"The Boston Marathon is the world's oldest annual marathon, inspired by the success of the 1896 Olympic marathon and held since 1897.",
"The oldest annual marathon in Europe is the Košice Peace Marathon, held since 1924 in Košice, Slovakia.",
"The historic Polytechnic Marathon was discontinued in 1996.",
"The Athens Classic Marathon traces the route of the 1896 Olympic course, starting in Marathon on the eastern coast of Attica, site of the Battle of Marathon of 490 B.C.E., and ending at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens.",
"The Midnight Sun Marathon is held in Tromsø, Norway at 70 degrees north.",
"Using unofficial and temporary courses, measured by GPS, races of marathon distance are now held at the North Pole, in Antarctica and over desert terrain.",
"Other unusual marathons include the Great Wall Marathon on The Great Wall of China, the Big Five Marathon among the safari wildlife of South Africa, the Great Tibetan Marathon – a marathon in an atmosphere of Tibetan Buddhism at an altitude of , and the Polar Circle Marathon on the permanent ice cap of Greenland.",
"The Intercontinental Istanbul Eurasia Marathon is the only marathon where participants run over two continents (Europe and Asia) during the course of a single event.",
"In the Detroit Free Press Marathon, participants cross the US/Canadian border twice.",
"The Niagara Falls International Marathon includes one international border crossing, via the Peace Bridge from Buffalo, New York, United States to Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada."
] | [] |
Safety | What is the percentage of injured competitors? | Taekwondo | true | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"Although taekwondo competitors have an apparently substantial risk of injury, most injuries are minor.",
"A 2009 meta-analysis reported that an average of about 8% of competitors are injured per exposure to competition.",
"Age, gender, and level of play did not significantly affect the injury rate.",
"The legs are the most common location for injuries, and bruising is the most common injury type.",
"Injuries may occur if students are taught to block punches in a formal manner (chamber position, perfect angles, etc.)",
"even when sparring.",
"When comparing the speed of a punch and the reaction time taken to block effectively, it is difficult to block a punch.",
"Many taekwondo schools teach students blocking for grading and classwork, and dodging or parrying for sparring."
] | [
0
] |
Moon race | What countries participated in the space race and what was the result? | Apollo 11 | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0,
1,
2
] | [
"The Soviet Union was secretly attempting to compete with the US in landing a man on the Moon but had been hampered by repeated failures in development of a launcher comparable to the Saturn V. Meanwhile, they tried to beat the US to return lunar material to the Earth by means of unmanned probes.",
"On July 13, three days before Apollo 11's launch, they launched Luna 15, which reached lunar orbit before Apollo 11.",
"During descent, a malfunction caused Luna 15 to crash in Mare Crisium about two hours before Armstrong and Aldrin took off from the surface.",
"The Jodrell Bank Observatory radio telescope in England was later discovered to have recorded transmissions from Luna 15 during its descent, and this was published in July 2009 on the 40th anniversary of Apollo 11."
] | [
0
] |
Modern dissenting hypotheses | When did Pharoah Khufu rule in Egypt? | Great Sphinx of Giza | true | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"Rainer Stadelmann, former director of the German Archaeological Institute in Cairo, examined the distinct iconography of the \"nemes\" (headdress) and the now-detached beard of the Sphinx and concluded that the style is more indicative of the Pharaoh Khufu (2589–2566 BC), builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza and Khafra's father.",
"He supports this by suggesting that Khafra's Causeway was built to conform to a pre-existing structure, which, he concludes, given its location, could only have been the Sphinx.",
"Colin Reader, an English geologist who independently conducted a more recent survey of the enclosure, agrees that the various quarries on the site have been excavated around the Causeway.",
"Because these quarries are known to have been used by Khufu, Reader concludes that the Causeway (and the temples on either end thereof) must predate Khufu, thereby casting doubt on the conventional Egyptian chronology.",
"In 2004, Vassil Dobrev of the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale in Cairo announced that he had uncovered new evidence that the Great Sphinx may have been the work of the little-known Pharaoh Djedefre (2528–2520 BC), Khafra's half brother and a son of Khufu.",
"Dobrev suggests that Djedefre built the Sphinx in the image of his father Khufu, identifying him with the sun god Ra in order to restore respect for their dynasty.",
"Dobrev also notes, like Stadelmann and others, that the causeway connecting Khafre's pyramid to the temples was built around the Sphinx suggesting it was already in existence at the time."
] | [
2
] |
Healthcare | What portion of GDP in the UK is expended on healthcare? | United Kingdom | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
7
] | [
"Healthcare in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter and each country has its own system of private and publicly funded health care, together with alternative, holistic and complementary treatments.",
"Public healthcare is provided to all UK permanent residents and is mostly free at the point of need, being paid for from general taxation.",
"The World Health Organization, in 2000, ranked the provision of healthcare in the United Kingdom as fifteenth best in Europe and eighteenth in the world.",
"Regulatory bodies are organised on a UK-wide basis such as the General Medical Council, the Nursing and Midwifery Council and non-governmental-based, such as the Royal Colleges.",
"However, political and operational responsibility for healthcare lies with four national executives; healthcare in England is the responsibility of the UK Government; healthcare in Northern Ireland is the responsibility of the Northern Ireland Executive; healthcare in Scotland is the responsibility of the Scottish Government; and healthcare in Wales is the responsibility of the Welsh Assembly Government.",
"Each National Health Service has different policies and priorities, resulting in contrasts.",
"Since 1979 expenditure on healthcare has been increased significantly to bring it closer to the European Union average.",
"The UK spends around 8.4 per cent of its gross domestic product on healthcare, which is 0.5 percentage points below the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average and about one percentage point below the average of the European Union."
] | [
0
] |
Knots and line handling | Describe a reef knot. | Sailing | false | 4SPORT
| [
9
] | [
"The tying and untying of knots and hitches as well as the general handling of ropes and lines are fundamental to the art of sailing.",
"The RYA basic 'Start Yachting' syllabus lists the following knots and hitches:",
"figure-eight knot — stopper knot",
"round turn and two half hitches — secure the end of a rope to a fixed object",
"bowline — used to form a fixed loop at the end of a rope",
"It also lists securing a line around a cleat and the use of winches and jamming cleats.",
"The RYA Competent Crew syllabus adds the following to the list above, as well as knowledge of the correct use of each: ",
"clove hitch — securing lines running along a series of posts",
"rolling hitch — rigging a stopper to relax the tension on a sheet",
"reef knot — joining two ends of a single line to bind around an object",
"single and double sheet bend — joining two ropes of different diameters",
"In addition it requires competent crewmembers to understand 'taking a turn' around a cleat and to be able to make cleated lines secure.",
"Lines and halyards need to be coiled neatly for stowage and reuse.",
"Dock lines need to be thrown and handled safely and correctly when coming alongside, up to a buoy, and when anchoring, as well as when casting off and getting under way."
] | [] |
Thefts | Whose note were "Thanks for the poor security"? | The Scream | true | 3ART
| [
3
] | [
"",
"\"The Scream\" has been the target of a number of thefts and theft attempts.",
"Some damage has been suffered in these thefts.",
"On 12 February 1994, the same day as the opening of the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, two men broke into the National Gallery, Oslo, and stole its version of \"The Scream\", leaving a note reading \"Thanks for the poor security\".",
"The painting had been moved down to a second-story gallery as part of the Olympic festivities.",
"After the gallery refused to pay a ransom demand of US$1 million in March 1994, Norwegian police set up a sting operation with assistance from the British police (SO10) and the Getty Museum and the painting was recovered undamaged on 7 May 1994.",
"In January 1996, four men were convicted in connection with the theft, including Pål Enger, who had been convicted of stealing Munch's \"Vampire\" in 1988.",
"They were released on appeal on legal grounds: the British agents involved in the sting operation had entered Norway under false identities.",
"The 1910 tempera on board version of \"The Scream\" was stolen on 22 August 2004, during daylight hours, when masked gunmen entered the Munch Museum in Oslo and stole it and Munch's \"Madonna\".",
"A bystander photographed the robbers as they escaped to their car with the artwork.",
"On 8 April 2005, Norwegian police arrested a suspect in connection with the theft, but the paintings remained missing and it was rumored that they had been burned by the thieves to destroy evidence.",
"On 1 June 2005, with four suspects already in custody in connection with the crime, the city government of Oslo offered a reward of 2 million Norwegian krone (roughly US$313,500 or €231,200) for information that could help locate the paintings.",
"Although the paintings remained missing, six men went on trial in early 2006, variously charged with either helping to plan or participating in the robbery.",
"Three of the men were convicted and sentenced to between four and eight years in prison in May 2006, and two of the convicted, Bjørn Hoen and Petter Tharaldsen, were also ordered to pay compensation of 750 million kroner (roughly US$117.6 million or €86.7 million) to the City of Oslo.",
"The Munch Museum was closed for ten months for a security overhaul.",
"On 31 August 2006, Norwegian police announced that a police operation had recovered both \"The Scream\" and \"Madonna\", but did not reveal detailed circumstances of the recovery.",
"The paintings were said to be in a better-than-expected condition.",
"\"We are 100 percent certain they are the originals,\" police chief Iver Stensrud told a news conference.",
"\"The damage was much less than feared.\"",
"Munch Museum director Ingebjørg Ydstie confirmed the condition of the paintings, saying it was much better than expected and that the damage could be repaired.",
"\"The Scream\" had moisture damage on the lower left corner, while \"Madonna\" suffered several tears on the right side of the painting as well as two holes in Madonna's arm.",
"Before repairs and restoration began, the paintings were put on public display by the Munch Museum beginning 27 September 2006.",
"During the five-day exhibition, 5,500 people viewed the damaged paintings.",
"The conserved works went back on display on 23 May 2008, when the exhibition \"Scream and Madonna — Revisited\" at the Munch Museum in Oslo displayed the paintings together.",
"Some damage to \"The Scream\" may prove impossible to repair, but the overall integrity of the work has not been compromised."
] | [] |
Production | When was the official announcement made for Before Midnight? | Before Midnight (film) | true | 6MOVIES
| [
12
] | [
"Linklater, Hawke, and Delpy all had suggested the possibility of a sequel to \"Before Sunset\".",
"In a video interview in November 2011, Hawke said that he, Delpy and Linklater \"have been talking a lot in the last six months.",
"All three of us have been having similar feelings, that we're kind of ready to revisit those characters.",
"There's nine years between the first two movies and, if we made the film next summer, it would be nine years again, so we started thinking that would be a good thing to do.",
"So we're going to try and write it this year.",
"\"In June 2012, Hawke confirmed that the sequel to \"Before Sunset\" would be filmed in summer 2012.",
"Soon after, Delpy denied filming would take place in 2012, stating that they were still only writing the script and that filming would not take place until \"sometime in the next year, year and a half.\"",
"However, in August 2012, numerous reports emerged from Messenia, Greece, that the film was in fact being shot there.",
"When asked about the reports, this time Hawke stated that he, Delpy and Linklater were in Greece only to write the film, telling MTV News that \"we're here writing a third installment to \"Before Sunrise\".",
"If it works out, we'll film it, and if it doesn't, we won't.",
"It's not really worth talking about.",
"I'm just here developing.\"",
"However, Hawke and Delpy's denial was proven to be a ruse when the completion of filming of the new movie, titled \"Before Midnight\", was announced on September 5, 2012.",
"Linklater later revealed that after 10 weeks of writing and rehearsing, the film was made in 15 days for less than $3 million, and he aimed to take it to a film festival in early 2013."
] | [
2
] |
Chemical structure | When was the electron discovered? | Chemistry | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
3
] | [
"",
"[[File:Rutherford gold foil experiment results.svg|right|upright|thumb|\"Top:\" Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom undisturbed.<br>\"Bottom:\" Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected, indicating a small, concentrated charge.",
"]]At the turn of the twentieth century the theoretical underpinnings of chemistry were finally understood due to a series of remarkable discoveries that succeeded in probing and discovering the very nature of the internal structure of atoms.",
"In 1897, J. J. Thomson of Cambridge University discovered the electron and soon after the French scientist Becquerel as well as the couple Pierre and Marie Curie investigated the phenomenon of radioactivity.",
"In a series of pioneering scattering experiments Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester discovered the internal structure of the atom and the existence of the proton, classified and explained the different types of radioactivity and successfully transmuted the first element by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles.",
"His work on atomic structure was improved on by his students, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr and Henry Moseley.",
"The electronic theory of chemical bonds and molecular orbitals was developed by the American scientists Linus Pauling and Gilbert N. Lewis.",
"The year 2011 was declared by the United Nations as the International Year of Chemistry.",
"It was an initiative of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, and of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization and involves chemical societies, academics, and institutions worldwide and relied on individual initiatives to organize local and regional activities."
] | [
2
] |
Grizzly Peak | What is Grizzly Peak's main attraction? | Disney California Adventure | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"Grizzly Peak is themed around California's wilderness and national parks with particular references to Yosemite and Redwood national parks.",
"Its main attraction is Grizzly River Run, a Gold Rush-esque river rapids ride around the summit of Grizzly Peak.",
"Nearby is the Redwood Creek Challenge Trail; a playground area that includes a show featuring characters from Disney·Pixar's \"Up\".",
"A special entrance exclusive to guests of Disney's Grand Californian Hotel is located in this area.",
"There are also several restaurants in the Grizzly Peak district that are themed to California's farmland and heritage.",
"California-themed food and wine festivals are hosted in this area as well."
] | [
0
] |
Impressionism | How many times did Monet paint the subject? | Claude Monet | false | 3ART
| [
8
] | [
"The first Impressionist exhibition was held in 1874 at 35 boulevard des Capucines, Paris, from 15 April to 15 May.",
"The primary purpose of the participants was not so much to promote a new style, but to free themselves from the constraints of the Salon de Paris.",
"The exhibition, open to anyone prepared to pay 60 francs, gave artists the opportunity to show their work without the interference of a jury.",
"Renoir chaired the hanging committee and did most of the work himself, as others members failed to present themselves.",
"In addition to \"\" (pictured above) Monet presented four oil paintings and seven pastels.",
"Among the paintings he displayed was \"The Luncheon\" (1868), which features Camille Doncieux and Jean Monet, and which had been rejected by the Paris Salon of 1870.",
"Also in this exhibition was a painting titled \"Boulevard des Capucines\", a painting of the boulevard done from the photographer Nadar's apartment at no.",
"35.",
"Monet painted the subject twice and it is uncertain which of the two pictures, that now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, or that in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City was the painting that appeared in the groundbreaking 1874 exhibition, though more recently the Moscow picture has been favoured.",
"Altogether, 165 works were exhibited in the exhibition, including 4 oils, 2 pastels and 3 watercolors by Morisot; 6 oils and 1 pastel by Renoir; 10 works by Degas; 5 by Pissarro; 3 by Cézanne; and 3 by Guillaumin.",
"Several works were on loan, including Cézanne's \"Modern Olympia\", Morisot's \"Hide and Seek\" (owned by Manet) and 2 landscapes by Sisley that had been purchased by Durand-Ruel.",
"The total attendance is estimated at 3500 and some works did sell, though some exhibitors had placed their prices too high.",
"Pissarro was asking 1000 francs for \"The Orchard\" and Monet the same for \"Impression: Sunrise\", neither of which sold.",
"Renoir failed to obtain the 500 francs he was asking for \"La Loge\", but later sold it for 450 francs to Père Martin, dealer and supporter of the group."
] | [
5
] |
Biodiversity | How many different species live in Japan? | Japan | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
2
] | [
"Japan has nine forest ecoregions which reflect the climate and geography of the islands.",
"They range from subtropical moist broadleaf forests in the Ryūkyū and Bonin Islands, to temperate broadleaf and mixed forests in the mild climate regions of the main islands, to temperate coniferous forests in the cold, winter portions of the northern islands.",
"Japan has over 90,000 species of wildlife, including the brown bear, the Japanese macaque, the Japanese raccoon dog, and the Japanese giant salamander.",
"A large network of national parks has been established to protect important areas of flora and fauna as well as thirty-seven Ramsar wetland sites.",
"Four sites have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List for their outstanding natural value."
] | [
5
] |
Creation | Whcih company commissioned the show in 1998? | Up Series | false | 6MOVIES
| [
5
] | [
"The first film in the series, \"Seven Up!",
"\", was directed by Paul Almond and commissioned by Granada Television as a programme in the \"World in Action\" series broadcast in 1964.",
"From \"7 Plus Seven\" onward the films have been directed by Michael Apted, who had been a researcher on \"Seven Up!\"",
"and chose the original children with Gordon McDougall.",
"The premise of the film was taken from the Jesuit motto \"Give me a child until he is seven and I will give you the man\", which is based on a quotation by Francis Xavier.",
"The 1998 programme was commissioned by BBC One, although still produced for them by Granada Television."
] | [] |
American side | Can you get to the Cave of Winds from Goat Island? | Niagara Falls | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
2
] | [
"From the U.S. side, the American Falls can be viewed from walkways along Prospect Point Park, which also features the Prospect Point Park observation tower and a boat dock for the \"Maid of the Mist\".",
"Goat Island offers more views of the falls and is accessible by foot and automobile traffic by bridge above the American Falls.",
"From Goat Island, the Cave of the Winds is accessible by elevator and leads hikers to a point beneath Bridal Veil Falls.",
"Also on Goat Island are the Three Sisters Islands, the Power Portal where a huge statue of Nikola Tesla (the inventor whose patents for the AC induction motor and other devices for AC power transmission helped make the harnessing of the falls possible) can be seen, and a walking path that enables views of the rapids, the Niagara River, the gorge, and all of the falls.",
"Most of these attractions lie within the Niagara Falls State Park.",
"The Niagara Scenic Trolley offers guided trips along the American Falls and around Goat Island.",
"Panoramic and aerial views of the falls can also be viewed from the Flight of Angels helium balloon ride, or by helicopter.",
"The Niagara Gorge Discovery Center showcases the natural and local history of Niagara Falls and the Niagara Gorge.",
"A casino and luxury hotel was opened in Niagara Falls, New York, by the Seneca Indian tribe.",
"The Seneca Niagara Casino occupies the former Niagara Falls Convention Center.",
"The new hotel is the first addition to the city's skyline since completion of the United Office Building in the twenties."
] | [] |
Opening | When the Sydney Opera House was formally opened, who presided over the ceremony? | Sydney Opera House | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"The Opera House was formally opened by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, on 20 October 1973.",
"A large crowd attended.",
"Utzon was not invited to the ceremony, nor was his name mentioned.",
"The opening was televised and included fireworks and a performance of Beethoven's Symphony No.",
"9."
] | [
2,
3
] |
Combined events | What are the most common combined events? | Track and field | false | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"Combined (or multi-discipline) events are competitions in which athletes participate in a number of track and field events, earning points for their performance in each event, which adds to a total points score.",
"Outdoors, the most common combined events are the men's decathlon and the women's heptathlon.",
"Due to stadium limitations, indoor combined events competition have a reduced number of events, resulting in the men's heptathlon and the women's pentathlon.",
"Athletes are allocated points based on an international-standard points scoring system, such as the decathlon scoring table.",
"The Ancient Olympic pentathlon (comprising long jump, javelin, discus, the \"stadion\" race and wrestling) was a precursor to the track and field combined events and this ancient event was restored at the 1906 Summer Olympics (Intercalated Games).",
"A men's decathlon was held at the 1904 Summer Olympics, albeit contested between five American and two British athletes."
] | [
0
] |
Architecture | Who built the National Air and Space museum? | National Air and Space Museum | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
3
] | [
"Because of the museum's close proximity to the United States Capitol, the Smithsonian wanted a building that would be architecturally impressive but would not stand out too boldly against the Capitol building.",
"St. Louis-based architect Gyo Obata of HOK designed the museum as four simple marble-encased cubes containing the smaller and more theatrical exhibits, connected by three spacious steel-and-glass atria which house the larger exhibits such as missiles, airplanes and spacecraft.",
"The mass of the museum is similar to the National Gallery of Art across the National Mall, and uses the same pink Tennessee marble as the National Gallery.",
"Built by Gilbane Building Company, the museum was completed in 1976.",
"The west glass wall of the building is used for the installation of airplanes, functioning as a giant door.",
"Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum also designed the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Virginia."
] | [
3
] |
Administrative divisions | Austria consists of how many states? | Austria | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"As a federal republic, Austria is divided into nine states ().",
"These states are then divided into districts () and statutory cities ().",
"Districts are subdivided into municipalities ().",
"Statutory Cities have the competencies otherwise granted to both districts and municipalities.",
"The states are not mere administrative divisions but have some legislative authority distinct from the federal government, e.g.",
"in matters of culture, social care, youth and nature protection, hunting, building, and zoning ordinances.",
"In recent years, it has been discussed whether today it is appropriate for a small country to maintain ten parliaments."
] | [
5
] |
Cambridge rules | Where can I find the revised rules? | Football | true | 4SPORT
| [
2
] | [
"In 1848, at Cambridge University, Mr. H. de Winton and Mr. J.C. Thring, who were both formerly at Shrewsbury School, called a meeting at Trinity College, Cambridge with 12 other representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury.",
"An eight-hour meeting produced what amounted to the first set of modern rules, known as the \"Cambridge rules\".",
"No copy of these rules now exists, but a revised version from circa 1856 is held in the library of Shrewsbury School.",
"The rules clearly favour the kicking game.",
"Handling was only allowed \"when a player catches the ball directly from the foot\" entitling them to a free kick and there was a primitive offside rule, disallowing players from \"loitering\" around the opponents' goal.",
"The Cambridge rules were not widely adopted outside English public schools and universities (but it was arguably the most significant influence on the Football Association committee members responsible for formulating the rules of Association football)."
] | [
4
] |
Batsuit | What problem did the foam used for making the cape present in Batman Begins? | Batman Begins | true | 6MOVIES
| [
7
] | [
"The filmmakers intended to create a very mobile Batsuit that would allow the wearer to move easily to fight and crouch.",
"Previous film incarnations of the Batsuit had been stiff and especially restricted full head movement.",
"Costume designer Lindy Hemming and her crew worked on the Batsuit at an FX workshop codenamed \"Cape Town\", a secured compound located at Shepperton Studios in London.",
"The Batsuit's basic design was a neoprene undersuit, which was shaped by attaching molded cream latex sections.",
"Christian Bale was molded and sculpted prior to his physical training so the team could work on a full body cast.",
"To avoid imperfections picked up by sculpting with clay, plastiline was used to smooth the surface.",
"In addition, the team brewed different mixtures of foam to find the mixture that would be the most flexible, light, durable, and black.",
"The latter presented a problem, since the process to make the foam black reduced the foam's durability.",
"For the cape, director Christopher Nolan wanted to have a \"flowing cloak... that blows and flows as in so many great graphic novels\".",
"Hemming's team created the cape out of their own version of parachute nylon that had electrostatic flocking, a process shared with the team by the British Ministry of Defence.",
"The process was used by the London police force to minimize night vision detection.",
"The cape was topped by a cowl, which was designed by Nolan, Hemming, and costume effects supervisor Graham Churchyard.",
"The cowl was created to be thin enough to allow motion but thick enough to avoid wrinkling when Bale turned his head in the Batsuit.",
"Churchyard explained the cowl had been designed to show \"a man who has angst\", so his character would be revealed through the mask."
] | [
0
] |
Aftermath | After the Battle of Stalingard, what title was the city Moscow awarded with in 1965? | Battle of Moscow | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
18,
19,
20
] | [
"The Red Army's winter counter-offensive drove the Wehrmacht from Moscow, but the city was still considered to be threatened, with the front line still relatively close.",
"Because of this, the Moscow theater remained a priority for Stalin, who at first appeared to be in shock due to the initial German success.",
"In particular, the initial Soviet advance was unable to level the Rzhev salient, held by several divisions of Army Group Center.",
"Immediately after the Moscow counter-offensive, a series of Soviet attacks (the Battles of Rzhev) were attempted against the salient, each time with heavy losses on both sides.",
"Soviet losses 776,000 men, and German losses between 500,000 and 780,000 men.",
"By early 1943, the Wehrmacht had to disengage from the salient as the whole front was moving west.",
"Nevertheless, the Moscow front was not finally secured until October 1943, when Army Group Center was decisively repulsed from the Smolensk landbridge and from the left shore of the upper Dnieper at the end of the Second Battle of Smolensk.",
"Furious that his army had been unable to take Moscow, Hitler dismissed his commander-in-chief, Walther von Brauchitsch, on 19 December 1941, and took personal charge of the \"Wehrmacht\", effectively taking control of all military decisions and setting most experienced German officers against him.",
"Additionally, Hitler surrounded himself with staff officers with little or no recent combat experience.",
"As Guderian wrote in his memoirs, \"This created a cold (chill) in our relations, a cold (chill) that could never be eliminated afterwards.\"",
"This increased Hitler's distrust of his senior officers and severely reduced the German advantages due to their superior military leadership.",
"Germany now faced the prospect of a war of attrition, something it was not prepared for and bound to lose in the long run.",
"Overall, the battle was a stinging defeat for the Axis, though not necessarily a crushing one, and it ended German hopes for a quick and decisive victory over the Soviet Union.",
"For the first time since June 1941, Soviet forces had stopped the Germans and driven them back.",
"This resulted in Stalin becoming overconfident and deciding to further expand the offensive.",
"On 5 January 1942, during a meeting in the Kremlin, Stalin announced that he was planning a general spring counteroffensive, which would be staged simultaneously near Moscow, Leningrad and in southern Russia.",
"This plan was accepted over Zhukov's objections.",
"Low Red Army reserves and Wehrmacht tactical skill led to a bloody stalemate near Rzhev, known as the \"Rzhev meat grinder\", and to a string of Red Army defeats, such as the Second Battle of Kharkov, the failed attempt at elimination of the Demyansk pocket, and the encirclement of General Vlasov's army near Leningrad in a failed attempt to lift the siege of the city.",
"Ultimately, these failures would lead to a successful German offensive in the south and to the Battle of Stalingrad.",
"Nevertheless, the defense of Moscow became a symbol of Soviet resistance against the invading Axis forces.",
"To commemorate the battle, Moscow was awarded the title of \"Hero City\" in 1965, on the 20th anniversary of Victory Day.",
"A Museum of the Defence of Moscow was created in 1995."
] | [
0
] |
Record sale at auction | Did Tobias Meyer describe "The Scream" in positive terms? | The Scream | true | 3ART
| [
3
] | [
"The 1895 pastel-on-board version of the painting, owned by Norwegian businessman Petter Olsen, sold at Sotheby's for a record US$120 million at auction on 2 May 2012.",
"The bidding started at $40 million and lasted for over 12 minutes when Leon Black by phone gave the final offer of US$119,922,500, including the buyer's premium.",
"Sotheby's said the painting was the most colorful and vibrant of the four versions painted by Munch and the only version whose frame was hand-painted by the artist to include his poem, detailing the work's inspiration.",
"After the sale, Sotheby's auctioneer Tobias Meyer said the painting was \"worth every penny\", adding: \"It is one of the great icons of art in the world and whoever bought it should be congratulated.",
"\"The previous record for the most expensive work of art sold at auction had been held by Picasso's \"Nude, Green Leaves and Bust\", which went for US$106.5 million at Christie's two years prior on 4 May 2010.",
"When accounting for inflation, the highest price paid for art at an auction is still held by Van Gogh's \"Portrait of Dr. Gachet\", which sold for $82.5 million in 1990, or about $ million 2012 dollars.",
"There have been reports that \"The Card Players\", by Cézanne, sold privately for $250m in 2011, which can not be verified for the establishment of a record price."
] | [] |
Pass | What is a reception also called? | Volleyball | false | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"Also called reception, the pass is the attempt by a team to properly handle the opponent's serve, or any form of attack.",
"Proper handling includes not only preventing the ball from touching the court, but also making it reach the position where the setter is standing quickly and precisely.",
"The skill of passing involves fundamentally two specific techniques: underarm pass, or bump, where the ball touches the inside part of the joined forearms or platform, at waist line; and overhand pass, where it is handled with the fingertips, like a set, above the head.",
"Either are acceptable in professional and beach volleyball, however there are much tighter regulations on the overhand pass in beach volleyball."
] | [
0
] |
Awards | What did 'Life is Beautiful' win in 1998? | Life Is Beautiful | false | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Life is Beautiful\" was shown at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, and went on to win the Grand Prix.",
"At the 71st Academy Awards, the film won awards for Best Music, Original Dramatic Score, and Best Foreign Language Film, with Benigni winning Best Actor for his role.",
"The film also received Academy Award nominations for Directing, Film Editing, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Picture."
] | [
0
] |
Soviet Union centre – the new General Secretary | What age did Mikhail Gorbachev become a member of the Politburo? | Dissolution of the Soviet Union | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"Soviet Union centre – the new General Secretary.",
"Mikhail Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo on 11 March 1985, only three hours after Konstantin Chernenko's death.",
"At age 54, he was the youngest member of the Politburo.",
"Gorbachev's primary goal as General Secretary was to revive the Soviet economy after the stagnant Brezhnev years.",
"In an effort to revive the stagnant Soviet economy, in 1985 new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev began a process of increasing political liberalization (glasnost/perestroika) in the communist one-party state.",
"In 1985, he announced that the Soviet economy was stalled and that reorganization was needed.",
"Gorbachev soon realized that fixing the Soviet economy would be nearly impossible without reforming the political and social structure of the Communist nation.",
"The reforms began in personnel changes.",
"On 23 April 1985 Gorbachev brought his two proteges Yegor Ligachev, and Nikolai Ryzhkov into the Politburo as full members, and sensibly took the opportunity to keep the 'power' ministries happy by promoting KGB Head Viktor Chebrikov from candidate to full member of the Politburo, and appointing Minister of Defence Marshal Sergei Sokolov a Politburo candidate member.",
"Nikonov was brought into the CPSU Central Committee Secretariat.",
"However, this liberalization led to the emergence from 1986 onwards of nationalist movements and ethnic disputes within the diverse republics of the Soviet Union.",
"It also led to the revolutions of 1989, which saw the mainly peaceful (Romania excepted) toppling of the Soviet imposed Communist regimes of the Warsaw Pact, which in turn increased pressure on Gorbachev to introduce greater democracy and autonomy for the Soviet Union's constituent republics.",
"Under Gorbachev's leadership, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1989 introduced limited competitive elections to a new central legislature, the Congress of People's Deputies, although a ban on other political parties was not lifted until 1990.",
"A 17 March 1991 referendum showed 76.4% of Soviet citizens voting to retain the Union.",
"However, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia, Georgia, and Armenia did not participate.",
"In May 1985 in Leningrad Gorbachev made a speech advocating widespread reforms.",
"One of the first reforms Gorbachev introduced was the anti-alcohol campaign, begun in May 1985, which was designed to fight widespread alcoholism in the Soviet Union.",
"Prices of vodka, wine, and beer were raised, and their sales were restricted.",
"It was a serious blow to the state budget, a loss of approximately 100 billion rubles according to Alexander Yakovlev, after alcohol production migrated to the black market economy.",
"The purpose of these reforms, however, was to prop up the existing centrally planned economy, unlike later reforms, which tended toward market socialism.",
"On 1 July 1985 Gorbachev promoted Eduard Shevardnadze First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party to full member of the Politburo, and the following day appointed Shevardnadze as Minister of Foreign Affairs replacing Andrei Gromyko.",
"Gromyko, disparaged as \"Mr Nyet\" in the West, had served for 28 years as Minister of Foreign Affairs and was considered an 'old thinker' who was kicked upstairs to the mainly ceremonial position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, which was officially Soviet Head of State.",
"Also on July 1, 1985 Gorbachev took the opportunity to dispose of his main rival by removing Grigory Romanov from the Politburo, and brought Boris Yeltsin and Lev Zaikov into the CPSU Central Committee Secretariat.",
"In the fall Gorbachev continued his program to bring forward younger and more energetic men into the government.",
"On September 27, 1985 Nikolai Ryzhkov replaced 79 year old Nikolai Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, effectively the Soviet Prime Minister, and on 14 October 1985 Nikolai Talyzin replaced Nikolai Baibakov as Chairman of the State Planning Committee (GOSPLAN).",
"At the next Central Committee meeting on 15 October 1985 Tikhonov retired from the Politburo and Nikolai Talyzin became a candidate member.",
"Finally on 23 December 1985 Gorbachev appointed Boris Yeltsin First Secretary of the Moscow Communist Party replacing Viktor Grishin."
] | [
0
] |
Death | How many people attended Monet's funeral? | Claude Monet | false | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"Monet died of lung cancer on 5 December 1926 at the age of 86 and is buried in the Giverny church cemetery.",
"Monet had insisted that the occasion be simple; thus only about fifty people attended the ceremony.",
"His home, garden, and waterlily pond were bequeathed by his son Michel, his only heir, to the French Academy of Fine Arts (part of the Institut de France) in 1966.",
"Through the \"Fondation Claude Monet\", the house and gardens were opened for visits in 1980, following restoration.",
"In addition to souvenirs of Monet and other objects of his life, the house contains his collection of Japanese woodcut prints.",
"The house and garden, along with the \"Museum of Impressionism Giverny,\" are major attractions in Giverny, which hosts tourists from all over the world. "
] | [
5
] |
Politics | What is Germany's 1949 constitutional document known as? | Germany | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Germany is a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic republic.",
"The German political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1949 constitutional document known as the \"Grundgesetz\" (Basic Law).",
"Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both chambers of parliament; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the separation of powers, the federal structure, and the rule of law are valid in perpetuity.",
"The president is the head of state and invested primarily with representative responsibilities and powers.",
"He is elected by the \"Bundesversammlung\" (federal convention), an institution consisting of the members of the \"Bundestag\" and an equal number of state delegates.",
"The second-highest official in the German order of precedence is the \"Bundestagspräsident\" (President of the \"Bundestag\"), who is elected by the \"Bundestag\" and responsible for overseeing the daily sessions of the body.",
"The third-highest official and the head of government is the Chancellor, who is appointed by the \"Bundespräsident\" after being elected by the \"Bundestag\".",
"The chancellor, currently Angela Merkel, is the head of government and exercises executive power, similar to the role of a Prime Minister in other parliamentary democracies.",
"Federal legislative power is vested in the parliament consisting of the \"Bundestag\" (Federal Diet) and \"Bundesrat\" (Federal Council), which together form the legislative body.",
"The \"Bundestag\" is elected through direct elections, by proportional representation (mixed-member).",
"The members of the \"Bundesrat\" represent the governments of the sixteen federated states and are members of the state cabinets.",
"Since 1949, the party system has been dominated by the Christian Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party of Germany.",
"So far every chancellor has been a member of one of these parties.",
"However, the smaller liberal Free Democratic Party (which had members in the Bundestag from 1949 to 2013) and the Alliance '90/The Greens (which has had seats in parliament since 1983) have also played important roles.",
"Minor parties such as The Left, Free Voters and the Pirate Party are represented in some state parliaments."
] | [
0
] |
Maritime industry | Which industry is a key element of Greek economic activity? | Greece | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"The shipping industry is a key element of Greek economic activity dating back to ancient times.",
"Today, shipping is one of the country's most important industries.",
"It accounts for 4.5% of GDP, employs about 160,000 people (4% of the workforce), and represents 1/3 of the country's trade deficit.",
"During the 1960s, the size of the Greek fleet nearly doubled, primarily through the investment undertaken by the shipping magnates, Aristotle Onassis and Stavros Niarchos.",
"The basis of the modern Greek maritime industry was formed after World War II when Greek shipping businessmen were able to amass surplus ships sold to them by the U.S. government through the Ship Sales Act of the 1940s.",
"According to a United Nations Conference on Trade and Development report in 2011, the Greek merchant navy is the largest in the world at 16.2% of the world's total capacity, up from 15.96% in 2010.",
"This is a drop from the equivalent number in 2006, which was 18.2%.",
"The total tonnage of the country's merchant fleet is 202 million dwt, ranked 1st in the world.",
"In terms of total number of ships, the Greek Merchant Navy stands at 4th worldwide, with 3,150 ships (741 of which are registered in Greece whereas the rest 2,409 in other ports).",
"In terms of ship categories, Greece ranks first in both tankers and dry bulk carriers, fourth in the number of containers, and fifth in other ships.",
"However, today's fleet roster is smaller than an all-time high of 5,000 ships in the late 1970s.",
"Additionally, the total number of ships flying a Greek flag (includes non-Greek fleets) is 1,517, or 5.3% of the world's dwt (ranked 5th)."
] | [] |
History | What was the original construction of squash racquets? | Squash (sport) | true | 4SPORT
| [
8
] | [
"Squash's use of stringed racquets is shared with tennis, which dates from the late sixteenth century, though is more directly descended from the game of racquets from England.",
"In \"racquets\", instead of hitting over a net as in tennis, players hit a squeezable ball against walls.",
"Squash was invented in Harrow School out of the older game racquets around 1830 before the game spread to other schools, eventually becoming an international sport.",
"The first courts built at this school were rather dangerous because they were near water pipes, buttresses, chimneys, and ledges.",
"The school soon built four outside courts.",
"Natural rubber was the material of choice for the ball.",
"Students modified their racquets to have a smaller reach to play in these cramped conditions.",
"The racquets have changed in much the same way as those used in tennis.",
"Squash racquets used to be made out of laminated timber.",
"In the 1980s, construction shifted to lighter, carbon-based materials (such as graphite) with small additions of such components as Kevlar, boron and titanium.",
"Natural \"gut\" strings were replaced with synthetic strings.",
"In the 19th century the game increased in popularity with various schools, clubs and even private citizens building squash courts, but with no set dimensions.",
"The first squash court in North America appeared at St. Paul's School in New Hampshire in 1884.",
"In 1904 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the earliest national association of squash in the world was formed as the United States Squash Racquets Association, (USSRA), now known as U.S.",
"Squash.",
"In April 1907 the Tennis, Racquets & Fives Association set up a sub committee to set standards for squash.",
"Then the sport soon formed, combining the three sports together called “Squash”.",
"In 1912 the Titanic had a squash court in first class.",
"It was not until 1923 that the Royal Automobile Club hosted a meeting to further discuss the rules and regulations and another five years elapsed before the Squash Racquets Association was formed to set standards for squash in Great Britain.",
"The sport spread to America and Canada, and eventually around the globe.",
"It was founded in 1924 in New York as Metropolitan Racquets Association, or MSRA."
] | [
0
] |
In popular culture | "Sunday in the Park with George" was written by who? | A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte | true | 3ART
| [
1
] | [
"The January 1974 \"Playboy\" magazine featured Nancy Cameron, its Playmate of the Month, on its cover superimposed on the painting in similar style.",
"The painting was the basis for the 1984 Broadway musical \"Sunday In The Park With George\" by Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine.",
"Subsequently the painting is sometimes referred to by the misnomer \"\"Sunday in the Park\"\".",
"The painting is prominently featured in the 1986 comedy film \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\".",
"At the Old Deaf School Park in Columbus, Ohio, sculptor James T. Mason recreated the painting in topiary form; the installation was completed in 1989.",
"The painting was the inspiration for the commemorative poster printed for the 1993 Detroit Belle Isle Grand Prix, with racing cars and the Detroit skyline added.",
"The painting was featured, among others, in a scene from \"\".",
"It also featured in an episode of Family Guy, when Stewie visits an art museum; both times a parody of the famous \"Ferris Bueller\" sequence."
] | [
3
] |
Treaty signing | Who was in charge of signing the Louisiana Purchase? | Louisiana Purchase | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0,
2
] | [
"On Saturday, April 30, 1803, the Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris.",
"Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4.",
"After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, \"We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank.",
"\"The United States Senate ratified the treaty with a vote of twenty-four to seven on October 20.",
"The Senators who voted against the treaty were: Simeon Olcott and William Plumer of New Hampshire, William Wells and Samuel White of Delaware, James Hillhouse and Uriah Tracy of Connecticut, and Timothy Pickering of Massachusetts.",
"On the following day, the Senate authorized President Jefferson to take possession of the territory and establish a temporary military government.",
"In legislation enacted on October 31, Congress made temporary provisions for local civil government to continue as it had under French and Spanish rule and authorized the President to use military forces to maintain order.",
"Plans were also set forth for several missions to explore and chart the territory, the most famous being the Lewis and Clark Expedition.",
"France turned New Orleans over on December 20, 1803 at The Cabildo.",
"On March 10, 1804, a formal ceremony was conducted in St. Louis to transfer ownership of the territory from France to the United States.",
"Effective on October 1, 1804, the purchased territory was organized into the Territory of Orleans (most of which became the state of Louisiana) and the District of Louisiana, which was temporarily under the control of the governor and judges of the Indiana Territory."
] | [
3
] |
Architecture | What was the reason for churches being built 1,00 years ago in Norway? | Norway | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
2
] | [
"With expansive forests, Norway has had a tradition of building in wood.",
"Many of today's most interesting new buildings are made of wood, reflecting the strong appeal that this material continues to hold for Norwegian designers and builders.",
"With Norway's conversion to Christianity some 1,000 years ago, churches were constructed.",
"Stonework architecture was introduced from Europe for the most important structures, beginning with the construction of Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim.",
"In the early Middle Ages, wooden stave churches were constructed throughout Norway.",
"Many of them have survived and represent Norway's most unique contribution to architectural history.",
"A fine example is Urnes Stave Church, which is now on UNESCO's World Heritage List.",
"Another notable example of wooden architecture are buildings at the Bryggen Wharf in Bergen, consisting of a row of narrow wooden structures along the quayside.",
"In the 17th century, under the Danish monarchy, cities and villages such as Kongsberg and Røros were established.",
"The city had a church built in the Baroque style.",
"Traditional wooden buildings were constructed in Røros which have survived changes since then.",
"After Norway's union with Denmark was dissolved in 1814, Oslo became the capital.",
"The architect Christian H. Grosch designed the earliest parts of the University of Oslo, the Oslo Stock Exchange, and many other buildings and churches constructed in that early national period.",
"At the beginning of the 20th century, the city of Ålesund was rebuilt in the Art Nouveau style, influenced by styles of France.",
"The 1930s, when functionalism dominated, became a strong period for Norwegian architecture.",
"It is only since the late 20th century that Norwegian architects have achieved international renown.",
"One of the most striking modern buildings in Norway is the Sami Parliament in Kárášjohka, designed by Stein Halvorson and Christian Sundby.",
"Its debating chamber is an abstract timber version of a \"lavvo,\" the traditional tent used by the nomadic Sami people."
] | [
0
] |
Critical reception | Who said that Where Have You Been was rave-tastic? | Where Have You Been | false | 0MUSIC
| [
3
] | [
"",
"\"Where Have You Been\" garnered positive reviews from music critics.",
"Andy Kellman for Allmusic wrote that \"Where Have You Been\", along with the album's lead single \"We Found Love\", serve as \"Talk That Talk\"s \"place-holding\" dance tracks.",
"Greg Kot for the \"Chicago Tribune\" compared \"Where Have You Been\" and \"We Found Love\" for being \"rave-tastic.\"",
"Aside from noting the similarities between the two songs, Randell Roberts for \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote that neither song would sound out of place at an Electric Daisy Carnival.",
"Julianne Escobedo Shepherd for \"Spin\" also wrote that the song was a perfect play for a festival, writing Where Have You Been' is tailor-made for a Coachella pool rave.\"",
"Jon Caramanica for \"The New York Times\" was complimentary of both songs, but wrote that \"Where Have You Been\" \"is even better.\"",
"Mark Graham for VH1 compared the song to one of Rihanna's previous singles from her 2007 album \"Good Girl Gone Bad\", \"Don't Stop the Music\", writing Where Have You Been will almost certainly be Rihanna's biggest club smash since 'Don't Stop the Music'.",
"\"Robert Copsey for Digital Spy shared the same opinion as Graham, writing \"We labelled 'Where Have You Been' the record's 'Don't Stop The Music'.\"",
"He continued to give an explanation as to why the songs are similar writing \"On the surface, similarities between the two are almost non-existent, but on closer inspection, not only are they the danciest cuts on their respective LPs, they're both favourites that fans have been eager to see get an official release.\"",
"Copsey concluded his review praising the song and Rihanna, writing \"Like Rihanna herself, it's hectic, confident and unashamedly sexual.\"",
"Meghan Brownfield for the \"Columbia Missourian\" praised the song as a track which people will want to dance to as well as writing that the lyrics ensure that the listener pays attention to the lyrics, saying \"It is a song you would hear in a club that everyone would want to dance to.",
"This song makes you want to move, and it also has some strong lyrics that make you focus on what she is saying.\"",
"Matthew Cole for Slant Magazine, however, was critical of the song, writing that the song is a \"boring dubstep-normalizing dance number reminiscent of LMFAO,\" as well as Rihanna's own \"We Found Love\"."
] | [
4,
3
] |
Annual events | What month and year did the final presentation at Disney's Hollywood Studios occur? | Disney's Hollywood Studios | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
9
] | [
"Disney's Hollywood Studios hosts a number of events during the year that often draw thousands of fans to the park.",
" ESPN The Weekend (late winter) features commentators from the Disney-owned cable sports channels as well as sports celebrities.",
" Star Wars Weekends (May - June) brings \"Star Wars\" fans and celebrities together for special park events.",
"Running Fridays-Sundays throughout June, they feature the 501st Legion (a worldwide \"Star Wars\" costuming group) parading through the park in Stormtrooper costumes, several \"Star Wars\" actors appearing each weekend for photos and autographs, Jedi Training Academy classes for younger guests, and other activities.",
" The Osborne Family Spectacle of Dancing Lights (November–January) take over the Streets of America during the Christmas season.",
"The display features over five million Christmas lights on more than of wire.",
"One former event of note was the ABC Super Soap Weekend.",
"Scheduled in November, the event paid tribute to the legions of fans of soap operas from ABC.",
"Guests could meet stars from \"All My Children\", \"One Life to Live\" and \"General Hospital\".",
"The event's final presentation was in November 2008, with ABC instead planning to schedule multiple, smaller regional events around the country for its fans."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Independence was secured by Indonesia after which war? | Indonesia | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
13
] | [
"Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia ( ), is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia and Oceania.",
"Indonesia is an archipelago comprising 13,466 islands.",
"It encompasses 33 provinces and 1 Special Administrative Region (for being governed by a pre-colonial monarchy) with over 238 million people, making it the world's fourth most populous country.",
"Indonesia's republic form of government comprises an elected legislature and president.",
"The nation's capital city is Jakarta.",
"The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia.",
"Other neighboring countries include Singapore, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.",
"Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.",
"The Indonesian economy is the world's 16th largest by nominal GDP.",
"The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India.",
"Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished.",
"Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources.",
"Muslim traders brought the now-dominant Islam, while European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery.",
"Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II.",
"Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.",
"Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups.",
"The largest – and politically dominant – ethnic group are the Javanese.",
"A shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it.",
"Indonesia's national motto, \"\"Bhinneka Tunggal Ika\"\" (\"Unity in Diversity\" \"literally,\" \"many, yet one\"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country.",
"Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity.",
"The country has abundant natural resources, yet poverty remains widespread."
] | [] |
Background | Glad you came was writtem by who? | Glad You Came | false | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"The song was written and produced by Steve Mac.",
"It serves as the second single from The Wanted's second album, \"Battleground\" which was released on 7 November 2011.",
"Band member Tom Parker said of the song, \"We all felt it was a new, refreshing sound and a perfect song for the summer which really gets you in the mood for a party.\"",
"The song premiered on the radio on 24 May 2011.",
"The song was also remixed by Alex Gaudino.",
"The American television series \"Glee\" covered the track in the episode \"On My Way\", which was aired during the third season.",
"It was performed at the Regionals competition between New Directions and the Dalton Academy Warblers.",
"Sebastian (Grant Gustin) leads the performance."
] | [
3
] |
Merchandise | When was "Glee-The complete First Season" released? | Glee (TV series) | false | 1TV
| [
9
] | [
"Three soundtrack albums were released to accompany \"Glee\" first season: ', ' and '.",
"Two extended plays (EP) accompanied the episodes \"The Power of Madonna\" and \"Journey to Regionals\": ' and ' respectively.",
"\"Glee: The Music, The Complete Season One\", a compilation album featuring all 100 studio recordings from the first season, was released exclusively to the iTunes Store.",
"Five soundtrack albums were released to accompany \"Glee\" second season: ', featuring Christmas-themed songs, and ', were both released in November 2010; ', ', and ' were 2011 releases, in March, April, and May, respectively.",
"An EP entitled \"\" was released to accompany the Halloween episode, \"The Rocky Horror Glee Show\".",
"Two EPs were released exclusively at the Target discount chain: \"Glee: The Music, Love Songs\" in the last week of 2010, and \"Glee: The Music, Dance Party\" in early September 2011.",
"\"Glee\" has been released on several DVD and Blu-ray box-sets.",
"\"Glee – Pilot Episode: Director's Cut\" features the pilot episode and a preview of the second episode, \"Showmance\".",
"\"Glee – Volume 1: Road to Sectionals\" contains the first thirteen episodes of season one, and \"Glee – Volume 2: Road to Regionals\" contains the final nine episodes of the first season.",
"\"Glee – The Complete First Season\" was released on September 13, 2010.",
"Three boxed sets were released for the second season: \"Glee Season 2: Volume 1\" containing the first ten episodes on January 25, 2011, and both \"Glee Season 2: Volume 2\" with the final twelve episode and \"Glee: The Complete Second Season\" with all twenty-two on September 13, 2011.",
"All three were released on DVD; only the complete season is available on Blu-ray.",
"Little, Brown Books is in the process of publishing five \"Glee\"–related young adult novels, which are being developed in collaboration with the show's producers and writers.",
"The first three novels have been written by Sophia Lowell; the first, \"Glee: The Beginning\", was released in August 2010 and serves as a prequel to the events of the television series.",
"Subsequent novels include \"Glee: Foreign Exchange\", released in February 2011, and \"Glee: Summer Break\", released in July 2011.",
"Twentieth Century Fox Consumer Products have plans for a line of \"Glee\"–related merchandise including games, electrical products, greeting cards, apparel and stationery.",
"Macy's carry a line of \"Glee\"–related clothing, and Claire's stock accessories."
] | [
2
] |
Universal Transit | What is Universal Orlando's internal transportation called? | Universal Orlando | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"Universal Orlando's internal transportation system is often dubbed \"Universal Transit.\"",
"The system consists of water taxis, buses, escalators, elevators, moving walkways, and pathways which transport guests between the parking structure, hotels, CityWalk, the theme parks, and Wet 'n Wild.",
"Onsite hotel guests can get to the theme parks and CityWalk by either boarding a water taxi which will take them directly to CityWalk or may use walkways.",
"The dock at CityWalk is located at the center of CityWalk and can be accessed by theme park visitors via the bridges connecting CityWalk to the theme parks.",
"Along the pathways, bicycles also transport guests for an additional cost.",
"For guests who prefer not to use a water taxi or walk or wish to go to Wet 'n Wild, they will find shuttle transportation also available at the onsite hotels.",
"These stop at five locations: Loews Portofino Bay Hotel & Spa, Hard Rock Hotel, Loews Royal Pacific Resort, Universal Orlando theme parks, and Wet 'n Wild.",
"The resort also features two large parking structures, for day and night guests who need to park, connected by bridge to Citywalk and the theme parks."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | What year did the movie "Batman Begins" premiere? | Batman Begins | false | 6MOVIES
| [
0
] | [
"Batman Begins is a 2005 British-American superhero film based on the fictional DC Comics character Batman, co-written and directed by Christopher Nolan.",
"It stars Christian Bale as Batman along with Michael Caine, Liam Neeson, Katie Holmes, Gary Oldman, and Morgan Freeman.",
"The film reboots the \"Batman\" film series, telling the origin story of the character from Bruce Wayne's initial fear of bats, the death of his parents, his journey to become Batman, and his fight against Ra's al Ghul's plot to destroy Gotham City.",
"It draws inspiration from classic comic book storylines such as \"The Man Who Falls\", ', and '.",
"After a series of unsuccessful projects to resurrect Batman on screen following the 1997 critical failure of \"Batman & Robin\", Nolan and David S. Goyer began to work on the film in early 2003 and aimed for a darker and more realistic tone, with humanity and realism being the basis of the film.",
"The goal was to get the audience to care for both Batman and Bruce Wayne.",
"The film, which was primarily shot in Iceland and Chicago, relied on traditional stunts and miniatures – computer-generated imagery was used minimally.",
"\"Batman Begins\" was both critically and commercially successful.",
"The film opened on June 17, 2005, in the United States and Canada in 3,858 theaters.",
"It grossed $48 million in its opening weekend in North America, eventually grossing over $372 million worldwide.",
"The film received critical acclaim and has been considered by many as one of the best superhero films ever made.",
"Critics noted that fear was a common motif throughout the film, and remarked that it had a darker tone compared with previous \"Batman\" films.",
"The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography and three BAFTA awards.",
"The film is followed by \"The Dark Knight\" (2008) and \"The Dark Knight Rises\" (2012) in a continual story-arc, which has later been referred to as \"The Dark Knight\" trilogy."
] | [
0
] |
Types | What is an observatory? | Telescope | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
20
] | [
"The name \"telescope\" covers a wide range of instruments.",
"Most detect electromagnetic radiation, but there are major differences in how astronomers must go about collecting light (electromagnetic radiation) in different frequency bands.",
"Telescopes may be classified by the wavelengths of light they detect:",
" X-ray telescopes, using shorter wavelengths than ultraviolet light",
" Ultraviolet telescopes, using shorter wavelengths than visible light",
" Optical telescopes, using visible light",
" Infrared telescopes, using longer wavelengths than visible light",
" Submillimetre telescopes, using longer wavelengths than infrared light",
"As wavelengths become longer, it becomes easier to use antenna technology to interact with electromagnetic radiation (although it is possible to make very tiny antenna).",
"The near-infrared can be handled much like visible light, however in the far-infrared and submillimetre range, telescopes can operate more like a radio telescope.",
"For example the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope observes from wavelengths from 3 μm (0.003 mm) to 2000 μm (2 mm), but uses a parabolic aluminum antenna.",
"On the other hand, the Spitzer Space Telescope, observing from about 3 μm (0.003 mm) to 180 μm (0.18 mm) uses a mirror (reflecting optics).",
"Also using reflecting optics, the Hubble Space Telescope with Wide Field Camera 3 can observe from about 0.2 μm (0.0002 mm) to 1.7 μm (0.0017 mm) (from ultra-violet to infrared light).",
" Fresnel Imager, an optical lens technology",
" X-ray optics, optics for certain X-ray wavelengths",
"Another threshold in telescope design, as photon energy increases (shorter wavelengths and higher frequency) is the use of fully reflecting optics rather than glancing-incident optics.",
"Telescopes such as TRACE and SOHO use special mirrors to reflect Extreme ultraviolet, producing higher resolution and brighter images then otherwise possible.",
"A larger aperture does not just mean more light is collected, it is collected at a higher diffraction limit.",
"Telescopes may also be classified by location: ground telescope, space telescope, or flying telescope.",
"They may also be classified by whether they are operated by professional astronomers or amateur astronomers.",
"A vehicle or permanent campus containing one or more telescopes or other instruments is called an observatory."
] | [
0
] |
Modern physics | What's an example of something that was a problem for classical physics? | Physics | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
3
] | [
"Modern physics began in the early 20th century with the work of Max Planck in quantum theory and Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.",
"Both of these theories came about due to inaccuracies in classical mechanics in certain situations.",
"Classical mechanics predicted a varying speed of light, which could not be resolved with the constant speed predicted by Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism; this discrepancy was corrected by Einstein's theory of special relativity, which replaced classical mechanics for fast-moving bodies and allowed for a constant speed of light.",
"Black body radiation provided another problem for classical physics, which was corrected when Planck proposed that light comes in individual packets known as photons; this, along with the photoelectric effect and a complete theory predicting discrete energy levels of electron orbitals, led to the theory of quantum mechanics taking over from classical physics at very small scales.",
"Quantum mechanics would come to be pioneered by Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Dirac.",
"From this early work, and work in related fields, the Standard Model of particle physics was derived.",
"Following the discovery of a particle with properties consistent with the Higgs boson at CERN in 2012, all fundamental particles predicted by the standard model, and no others, appear to exist; however physics beyond the Standard Model, with theories such as supersymmetry, is an active area of research."
] | [
0
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.