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Production | Who was the first time actress that played Wadjda in the motion picture film Wadjda? | Wadjda | false | 6MOVIES
| [
15
] | [
"According to the director Haifaa al-Mansour, it took five years to make \"Wadjda\".",
"Most of the time was spent trying to find financial backing and getting filming permission, since she insisted on filming in Saudi Arabia for reasons of authenticity.",
"She received backing from Rotana, the film production company of Prince Alwaleed bin Talal.",
"However, she was very interested in finding a foreign co-producer because \"in Saudi there are no movie theatres, there is no film industry to speak of and, therefore, little money for investment\".",
"After being chosen for a Sundance Institute writer's lab in Jordan, al-Mansour got in touch with the German production company Razor Film, which had previously produced films with Middle-Eastern topics (\"Paradise Now\" and \"Waltz with Bashir\").",
"The production involved co-operation with two German public TV broadcasters, Norddeutscher Rundfunk and Bayerischer Rundfunk.",
"Additional funding came from (FFA, Berlin); Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg GmbH (MBB, Potsdam); Mitteldeutsche Medienförderung GmbH (MDM, Leipzig) and Filmfonds Babelsberg (ILB, Potsdam-Babelsberg).",
"Al-Mansour's screenplay was influenced by neorealist cinema like Vittorio de Sica's \"Bicycle Thieves\", Jafar Panahi's \"Offside\" or \"Rosetta\".",
"The final scene recalls the final scene of François Truffaut 's The 400 Blows.",
"Al-Mansour says that the original version of her screenplay was much bleaker than the finished product: \"I decided I didn't want the film to carry a slogan and scream, but just to create a story where people can laugh and cry a little.\"",
"Al-Mansour based the character of Wadjda on one of her nieces and also on her own experiences when growing up.",
"The main themes of the story are freedom, as represented by the bicycle, and the fear of emotional abandonment, as Wadjda's father wants to take a second wife who will provide him with a son.",
"\"Wadjda\" was filmed on the streets of Riyadh, which often made it necessary for the director to work from the back of a van, as she could not publicly mix with the men in the crew.",
"Often, she could only communicate via walkie-talkie and had to watch the actors on a monitor.",
"This made it difficult to direct: \"It made me realise the need to rehearse and to develop an understanding for each scene before we shot it.\"",
"Waad Mohammed, who plays Wadjda, was a first time actress."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | What is Vermeer famously renowned for? | Johannes Vermeer | true | 3ART
| [
4,
5
] | [
"Johannes, Jan or Johan Vermeer (; 1632 – December 1675) was a Dutch painter who specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle-class life.",
"Vermeer was a moderately successful provincial genre painter in his lifetime.",
"He seems never to have been particularly wealthy, leaving his wife and children in debt at his death, perhaps because he produced relatively few paintings.",
"Vermeer worked slowly and with great care, using bright colours and sometimes expensive pigments, with a preference for lapis lazuli and Indian yellow.",
"He is particularly renowned for his masterly treatment and use of light in his work.",
"Vermeer painted mostly domestic interior scenes.",
"\"Almost all his paintings are apparently set in two smallish rooms in his house in Delft; they show the same furniture and decorations in various arrangements and they often portray the same people, mostly women.",
"\"Recognized during his lifetime in Delft and The Hague, his modest celebrity gave way to obscurity after his death; he was barely mentioned in Arnold Houbraken's major source book on 17th-century Dutch painting (\"Grand Theatre of Dutch Painters and Women Artists\"), and was thus omitted from subsequent surveys of Dutch art for nearly two centuries.",
"In the 19th century, Vermeer was rediscovered by Gustav Friedrich Waagen and Théophile Thoré-Bürger, who published an essay attributing sixty-six pictures to him, although only thirty-four paintings are universally attributed to him today.",
"Since that time, Vermeer's reputation has grown, and he is now acknowledged as one of the greatest painters of the Dutch Golden Age."
] | [
0
] |
On other planets | When was an aurora dectected? | Aurora | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
12
] | [
"",
"[[Image:Saturns Northern Aurora still.jpg|thumb|An aurora high above the northern part of Saturn; image taken by the Cassini spacecraft,a movie (click on image), shows images from 81 hours of observations of Saturn's aurora]]Both Jupiter and Saturn have magnetic fields much stronger than Earth's (Jupiter's equatorial field strength is 4.3 gauss, compared to 0.3 gauss for Earth), and both have large radiation belts.",
"Auroras have been observed on both, most clearly with the Hubble Space Telescope.",
"Uranus and Neptune have also been observed to have auroras.",
"The auroras on the gas giants seem, like Earth's, to be powered by the solar wind.",
"In addition, however, Jupiter's moons, especially Io, are powerful sources of auroras on Jupiter.",
"These arise from electric currents along field lines (\"field aligned currents\"), generated by a dynamo mechanism due to the relative motion between the rotating planet and the moving moon.",
"Io, which has active volcanism and an ionosphere, is a particularly strong source, and its currents also generate radio emissions, studied since 1955.",
"Auroras also have been observed on the surfaces of Io, Europa, and Ganymede, using the Hubble Space Telescope.",
"These auroras have also been observed on Venus and Mars.",
"Because Venus has no intrinsic (planetary) magnetic field, Venusian auroras appear as bright and diffuse patches of varying shape and intensity, sometimes distributed across the full planetary disc.",
"Venusian auroras are produced by the impact of electrons originating from the solar wind and precipitating in the night-side atmosphere.",
"An aurora was also detected on Mars, on 14 August 2004, by the SPICAM instrument aboard Mars Express.",
"The aurora was located at Terra Cimmeria, in the region of 177° East, 52° South.",
"The total size of the emission region was about 30 km across, and possibly about 8 km high.",
"By analyzing a map of crustal magnetic anomalies compiled with data from Mars Global Surveyor, scientists observed that the region of the emissions corresponded to an area where the strongest magnetic field is localized.",
"This correlation indicates that the origin of the light emission was a flux of electrons moving along the crust magnetic lines and exciting the upper atmosphere of Mars."
] | [
2
] |
Early modern history (1536–1849) | What years did the Northern Seven Years' War take place? | Denmark | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
2
] | [
"Early modern history (1536–1849).",
"After Sweden permanently broke away from the Kalmar Union in 1523, Denmark tried on two occasions to reassert control over Sweden.",
"The first was in the Northern Seven Years' War which lasted from 1563 until 1570.",
"The second occasion was the Kalmar War when King Christian IV attacked Sweden in 1611 but failed to accomplish his main objective of forcing Sweden to return to the union with Denmark.",
"The war led to no territorial changes, but Sweden was forced to pay a war indemnity of 1 million silver riksdaler to Denmark, an amount known as the \"Älvsborg ransom\".",
"King Christian used this money to found several towns and fortresses, most notably Glückstadt (founded as a rival to Hamburg), Christiania (following a fire destroying the original city of Oslo), Christianshavn, Christianstad, and Christiansand.",
"Christian also constructed a number of buildings, most notably Børsen, Rundetårn, Nyboder, Rosenborg, a silver mine, and a copper mill.",
"Inspired by the Dutch East India Company, he founded a similar Danish company and planned to claim Ceylon as a colony, but the company only managed to acquire Tranquebar on India's Coromandel Coast.",
"Denmark's large colonial aspirations were limited to a few key trading posts in Africa and India.",
"In the Thirty Years' War, Christian tried to become the leader of the Lutheran states in Germany but suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Lutter.",
"The result was that the Catholic army under Albrecht von Wallenstein was able to invade, occupy, and pillage Jutland, forcing Denmark to withdraw from the war.",
"Denmark managed to avoid territorial concessions, but Gustavus Adolphus' intervention in Germany was seen as a sign that the military power of Sweden was on the rise while Denmark's influence in the region was declining.",
"Swedish armies invaded Jutland in 1643 and claimed Skåne in 1644.",
"According to Geoffrey Parker, \"The Swedish occupation caused a drop in agricultural production and a shortage of capital; harvest failure and plague ravaged the land between 1647 and 1651; Denmark's population fell by 20 per cent.",
"\"In the 1645 Treaty of Brømsebro, Denmark surrendered Halland, Gotland, the last parts of Danish Estonia, and several provinces in Norway.",
"In 1657, King Frederick III declared war on Sweden and marched on Bremen-Verden.",
"This led to a massive Danish defeat and the armies of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden conquered both Jutland, Funen, and much of Zealand before signing the Peace of Roskilde in February 1658 which gave Sweden control of Skåne, Blekinge, Trøndelag, and the island of Bornholm.",
"Charles X Gustav quickly regretted not having destroyed Denmark completely and in August 1658 he began a two-year long siege of Copenhagen but failed to take the capital.",
"In the following peace settlement, Denmark managed to maintain its independence and regain control of Trøndelag and Bornholm.",
"Denmark tried to regain control of Skåne in the Scanian War (1675–79) but this attempt was a failure.",
"Following the Great Northern War (1700–21), Denmark managed to restore control of the parts of Schleswig and Holstein ruled by the house of Holstein-Gottorp in 1721 and 1773, respectively.",
"In the Napoleonic Wars, Denmark originally tried to pursue a policy of neutrality and trade with both France and the United Kingdom and joined the League of Armed Neutrality with Russia, Sweden, and Prussia.",
"The British considered this a hostile act and attacked Copenhagen in both 1801 and 1807, in one case carrying off the Danish fleet, in the other, burning large parts of Copenhagen.",
"This led to the so-called Danish-British Gunboat War.",
"The British control of the waterways between Denmark and Norway proved disastrous to the union's economy and in 1813, Denmark-Norway went bankrupt.",
"The Danish-Norwegian union was dissolved by the Treaty of Kiel in 1814.",
"Norway entered a new union with Sweden which lasted until 1905.",
"Denmark kept the colonies of Iceland, Faroe Islands, and Greenland.",
"Apart from the Nordic colonies, Denmark ruled over Danish India (Tranquebar in India) from 1620 to 1869, the Danish Gold Coast (Ghana) from 1658 to 1850, and the Danish West Indies (the U.S. Virgin Islands) from 1671 to 1917."
] | [
0
] |
Science and technology | What year was the Science Academy of Lisbon founded? | Portugal | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
5
] | [
"Scientific and technological research activities in Portugal are mainly conducted within a network of R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions like the INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação and the INRB – Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos.",
"The funding and management of this research system is mainly conducted under the authority of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES) itself and the MCTES's Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT).",
"The largest R&D units of the public universities by volume of research grants and peer-reviewed publications, include biosciences research institutions like the Instituto de Medicina Molecular, the Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, the IPATIMUP, the Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and the Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute.",
"Among the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal are the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation, a neuroscience and oncology research centre, which in addition awards every year one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world.",
"A number of both national and multinational high-tech and industrial companies, are also responsible for research and development projects.",
"One of the oldest learned societies of Portugal is the Sciences Academy of Lisbon, founded in 1779.",
"Iberian bilateral state-supported research efforts include the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory and the Ibercivis distributed computing platform, which are joint research programmes of both Portugal and Spain.",
"Portugal is a member of several pan-European scientific organizations.",
"These include the European Space Agency (ESA), the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN), ITER, and the European Southern Observatory (ESO).",
"Portugal has the largest aquarium in Europe, the Lisbon Oceanarium, and the Portuguese have several other notable organizations focused on science-related exhibits and divulgation, like the state agency \"Ciência Viva\", a programme of the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology to the promotion of a scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population, the Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the National Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon, and the Visionarium.",
"With the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world that helped create many thousands of scientific, technological and knowledge-based businesses, Portugal started to develop several science parks across the country.",
"These include the Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal), Sines Tecnopolo (in Sines), Tecmaia (in Maia) and Parkurbis (in Covilhã).",
"Companies locate in the Portuguese science parks to take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support.",
"Egas Moniz, a Portuguese physician who developed the cerebral angiography and leucotomy, received in 1949 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – he is the first Portuguese recipient of a Nobel Prize and the only in the sciences.",
"The European Innovation Scoreboard 2011, placed Portugal-based innovation in the 15th position, with an impressive increase in innovation expenditure and output."
] | [
0
] |
Music video | Was anyone naked in the video for Somebody That I Used to Know? | Somebody That I Used to Know | true | 0MUSIC
| [
2
] | [
"Music video.",
"The music video for \"Somebody That I Used To Know\", which was directed and produced by Natasha Pincus, shows both Gotye and Kimbra naked throughout the clip, and as they sing, his skin is gradually painted into the backdrop via stop motion animation.",
"In the director's cut, it features nudity.",
"The director's cut was never posted.",
"The painting used in the video's background, painted by Howard Clark, is based on a 1980s artwork created by Gotye's father, Frank de Backer, who also designed the cover art for the related album, \"Making Mirrors\".",
"Emma Hack, an Australian artist and skin illustrator based in Adelaide, was hired by Pincus to work on the body paintings for Gotye and Kimbra.",
"Melbourne Scenic Artist Howard Clark painted the backdrop.",
"According to Hack, it took more than 23 hours to paint both Gotye and Kimbra to fit with Howard's background.",
"Their painting symbolises their combined relationship.",
"Before its official premiere, the music video was leaked on Take 40 Australia's website.",
"According to Pincus, \"It was stolen out of our system.",
"I guess it's always wanted to get out there.",
"Within five minutes it was everywhere\".",
"On 30 July 2011 it was officially premiered on YouTube and on the Australian music show \"Rage\".",
"The music video was well received for its artistic style, picking up 200,000 views in its first two weeks, as well as receiving promotion on Twitter by actor Ashton Kutcher and Katy Perry.",
"As of May 2013, the video has over 400 million views on YouTube.",
"The video for \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" was voted number 1 in the annual \"Rage\" Fifty countdown.",
"Andy Samberg and Taran Killam parodied the video in a \"Saturday Night Live\" \"digital short\" that coincided with Gotye's 14 April 2012 performance on the show.",
"The video was nominated for Video of the Year and Best Editing in a Video at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards."
] | [] |
Results | What is the result if no side wins when the time runs out? | Cricket | true | 4SPORT
| [
6
] | [
"If the team that bats last is all out having scored fewer runs than their opponents, the team is said to have \"lost by \"n\" runs\" (where \"n\" is the difference between the number of runs scored by the teams).",
"If the team that bats last scores enough runs to win, it is said to have \"won by \"n\" wickets\", where \"n\" is the number of wickets left to fall.",
"For instance a team that passes its opponents' score having only lost six wickets would have won \"by four wickets\".",
"In a two-innings-a-side match, one team's combined first and second innings total may be less than the other side's first innings total.",
"The team with the greater score is then said to have \"won by an innings and \"n\" runs\", and does not need to bat again: \"n\" is the difference between the two teams' aggregate scores.",
"If the team batting last is all out, and both sides have scored the same number of runs, then the match is a tie; this result is quite rare in matches of two innings a side.",
"In the traditional form of the game, if the time allotted for the match expires before either side can win, then the game is declared a draw.",
"If the match has only a single innings per side, then a maximum number of deliveries for each innings is often imposed.",
"Such a match is called a \"limited overs\" or \"one-day\" match, and the side scoring more runs wins regardless of the number of wickets lost, so that a draw cannot occur.",
"If this kind of match is temporarily interrupted by bad weather, then a complex mathematical formula, known as the Duckworth-Lewis method after its developers, is often used to recalculate a new target score.",
"A one-day match can also be declared a \"no-result\" if fewer than a previously agreed number of overs have been bowled by either team, in circumstances that make normal resumption of play impossible; for example, wet weather."
] | [
2,
0
] |
Death | How did Claude Monet die? | Claude Monet | true | 3ART
| [
1,
2
] | [
"Monet died of lung cancer on 5 December 1926 at the age of 86 and is buried in the Giverny church cemetery.",
"Monet had insisted that the occasion be simple; thus only about fifty people attended the ceremony.",
"His home, garden, and waterlily pond were bequeathed by his son Michel, his only heir, to the French Academy of Fine Arts (part of the Institut de France) in 1966.",
"Through the \"Fondation Claude Monet\", the house and gardens were opened for visits in 1980, following restoration.",
"In addition to souvenirs of Monet and other objects of his life, the house contains his collection of Japanese woodcut prints.",
"The house and garden, along with the \"Museum of Impressionism Giverny,\" are major attractions in Giverny, which hosts tourists from all over the world. "
] | [
5
] |
Scoring | How is a error made? | Volleyball | false | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"When the ball contacts the floor within the court boundaries or an error is made, the team that did not make the error is awarded a point, whether they served the ball or not.",
"If the ball hits the line, the ball is counted as in.",
"The team that won the point serves for the next point.",
"If the team that won the point served in the previous point, the same player serves again.",
"If the team that won the point did not serve the previous point, the players of the team rotate their position on the court in a clockwise manner.",
"The game continues, with the first team to score 25 points by a two-point margin is awarded the set.",
"Matches are best-of-five sets and the fifth set, if necessary, is usually played to 15 points.",
"(Scoring differs between leagues, tournaments, and levels; high schools sometimes play best-of-three to 25; in the NCAA matches are played best-of-five to 25 as of the 2008 season.",
")Before 1999, points could be scored only when a team had the serve (\"side-out scoring\") and all sets went up to only 15 points.",
"The FIVB changed the rules in 1999 (with the changes being compulsory in 2000) to use the current scoring system (formerly known as \"rally point system\"), primarily to make the length of the match more predictable and to make the game more spectator- and television-friendly.",
"The final year of side-out scoring at the NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Championship was 2000.",
"Rally point scoring debuted in 2001 and games were played to 30 points through 2007.",
"For the 2008 season, games were renamed \"sets\" and reduced to 25 points to win."
] | [
5
] |
Democratization (1999-) | How long was Nigeria under military rule? | Nigeria | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Democratization (1999-).",
"Nigeria regained democracy in 1999 when it elected Olusegun Obasanjo, the former military head of state, as the new President of Nigeria ending almost 33 years of military rule (from 1966 until 1999) excluding the short-lived second republic (between 1979 and 1983) by military dictators who seized power in coups d'état and counter-coups during the Nigerian military juntas of 1966–1979 and 1983–1998.",
"Although the elections which brought Obasanjo to power in 1999 and again in 2003 were condemned as unfree and unfair, Nigeria has shown marked improvements in attempts to tackle government corruption and to hasten development.",
"Ethnic violence over the oil producing Niger Delta region and inadequate infrastructures are some of the issues in the country.",
"Umaru Yar'Adua of the People's Democratic Party (PDP) came into power in the general election of 2007 – an election that was witnessed and condemned by the international community as being severely flawed.",
"Yar'Adua died on 5 May 2010.",
"Dr. Goodluck Jonathan was sworn in as Yar'Adua's replacement on 6 May 2010, becoming Nigeria's 14th Head of State, while his vice, a former Kaduna State governor, Namadi Sambo, an architect, was chosen on 18 May 2010, by the National Assembly following President Goodluck Jonathan's nomination for Sambo to be his Vice-President.",
"Goodluck Jonathan served as Nigeria's president till 16 April 2011, when a new presidential election in Nigeria was conducted.",
"Goodluck Jonathan of the PDP was declared the winner on 19 April 2011, having won the election by a total of 22,495,187 of the 39,469,484 votes cast to stand ahead of Muhammadu Buhari from the main opposition party, the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), which won 12,214,853 of the total votes cast.",
"The international media reported the elections as having run smoothly with relatively little violence or voter fraud in contrast to previous elections."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | When Andy Dufresne was incarcerated, who did he befriend? | The Shawshank Redemption | true | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont and starring Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman.",
"Adapted from the Stephen King novella \"Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption\", the film tells the story of Andy Dufresne, a banker who spends 19 years in Shawshank State Prison for the murder of his wife and her lover despite his claims of innocence.",
"During his time at the prison, he befriends a fellow inmate, Ellis Boyd \"Red\" Redding, and finds himself protected by the guards after the warden begins using him in his money laundering operation.",
"Despite a lukewarm box office reception that barely recouped its budget, the film received multiple award nominations and favorable reviews from critics for its acting and realism.",
"It has since enjoyed a remarkable life on cable television, VHS, DVD, and Blu-ray.",
"It was included in the American Film Institute's 100 Years...100 Movies 10th Anniversary Edition."
] | [
2,
3
] |
Buena Vista Street | What's Buena Vista Street? | Disney California Adventure | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"Buena Vista Street is the first \"themed district\" inside the main entrance of California Adventure Park, taking its name from the Burbank street on which the Walt Disney Studios are located.",
"Guests enter through the main entrance gate, which resembles the landmark Pan-Pacific Auditorium.",
"Buena Vista Street includes an immersive recreation of early 1920s Los Angeles when Walt Disney first arrived with Mission and Art Deco facades housing shops and restaurants.",
"A recreation of Carthay Circle Theater, which showcased the world premiere of \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" in 1937 sits at the end of the street, serving as the visual anchor for the district.",
"The narrow gauge Red Car Trolley travels from the entry, up Buena Vista Street to Carthay Circle, then down Hollywood Boulevard towards the Tower of Terror.",
"Buena Vista Street was opened to the public on June 15, 2012."
] | [
0
] |
Health | Why did local pregnant women protest in Hong Kong? | Hong Kong | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
10
] | [
"There are 13 private hospitals and more than 40 public hospitals in Hong Kong.",
"There is little interaction between public and private healthcare.",
"The hospitals offer a wide range of healthcare services, and some of the territory's private hospitals are considered to be world class.",
"According to UN estimates, Hong Kong has one of the longest life expectancy of any country or territory in the world.",
"As of 2012, Hong Kong women are the longest living demographic group in the world.",
"There are two medical schools in the territory, one based at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the other at the University of Hong Kong.",
"Both have links with public sector hospitals.",
"With respect to postgraduate education, traditionally many doctors in Hong Kong have looked overseas for further training, and many took British Royal College exams such as the MRCP(UK) and the MRCS(UK).",
"However, Hong Kong has been developing its own postgraduate medical institutions, in particular the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine, and this is gradually taking over the responsibility for all postgraduate medical training in the territory.",
"Since 2011, there have been growing concerns that mothers-to-be from mainland China, in a bid to obtain the right of abode in Hong Kong and the benefits that come with it, have saturated the neonatal wards of the city's hospitals both public and private.",
"This has led to protest from local pregnant women for the government to remedy the issue, as they have found difficulty in securing a bed space for giving birth and routine check-ups.",
"Other concerns in the decade of 2001–2010 relate to the workload medical staff experience; and medical errors and mishaps, which are frequently highlighted in local news."
] | [
1
] |
"Hatfill v. Ashcroft" | What year was the case settled? | Person of interest | true | 1TV
| [
4
] | [
"The use of the term became widely critiqued when United States Attorney General John Ashcroft used it in a press conference when asked if Dr. Steven J. Hatfill was a suspect in the 2001 anthrax attacks case.",
"In 2002, Hatfill's attorney filed a complaint with the Justice Department's Office of Professional Responsibility, arguing that \"the term is not recognized in law or criminal procedure and that Ashcroft did not have the right 'to preside over the public shredding of life.",
"This is un-American.",
"Mr. Ashcroft owes Dr. Hatfill an apology.",
"The case was settled in 2008 for $5.8 million."
] | [
0
] |
Entry | Why is it impossible to achieve a completely vertical position through entry when diving? | Diving | false | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"The rules state that the body should be vertical, or nearly so, for entry.",
"Strictly speaking, it is physically impossible to achieve a literally vertical position throughout the entry as there will inevitably still be some rotational momentum while the body is entering the water.",
"Divers therefore attempt to create the illusion of being vertical, especially when performing rapidly rotating multiple somersault movements.",
"One technique is to allow the upper body to enter slightly short of vertical so that the continuing rotation leaves the final impression of the legs entering vertically.",
"Another is to use \"entry save\" movements of scooping the upper body underwater in the direction of rotation so as to counteract the rotation of the legs.",
"The arms must be beside the body for feet-first dives, which are typically competed only on the 1m springboard and only at fairly low levels of competition, and extended forwards in line for \"head-first\" dives, which are much more common competitively.",
"It used to be common for the hands to be interlocked with the fingers extended towards the water, but a different technique has become favoured during the last few decades.",
"Now the usual practice is for one hand to grasp the other with palms down to strike the water with a flat surface.",
"This creates a vacuum between the hands, arms and head which, with a vertical entry, will pull down and under any splash until deep enough to have minimal effect on the surface of the water (the so-called \"rip entry\").",
"Once a diver is completely under the water they may choose to roll or scoop in the same direction their dive was rotating to pull their legs into a more vertical position."
] | [
1,
2
] |
Fictionalised account | What is one of the differences from historical facts in the film? | Battle of Red Cliffs | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1
] | [
"The romantic tradition that originated with Luo Guanzhong's historical novel \"Romance of the Three Kingdoms\" differs from historical accounts in many details.",
"For example, Cao Cao's army strength was exaggerated to over 830,000 men.",
"This may be attributed to the ethos of later times, particularly of the Southern Song Dynasty .",
"The state of Shu Han, in particular, was viewed by later literati as the \"legitimate\" successor to the Han Dynasty, so fictionalised accounts assign greater prominence than the historical records warrant to the roles of Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang and other heroes from Shu.",
"This is generally accomplished by minimising the importance of Eastern Wu commanders and advisors such as Zhou Yu and Lu Su .",
"While historical accounts describe Lu Su as a sensible advisor and Zhou Yu as an eminent military leader and \"generous, sensible and courageous\" man, \"Romance of the Three Kingdoms\" depicts Lu Su as unremarkable and Zhou Yu as cruel and cynical .",
"Both are depicted as being inferior to Zhuge Liang in every respect .",
"The romances added wholly fictional and fantastical elements to the historical accounts and these were repeated in popular plays and operas.",
"Examples from the \"Romance of the Three Kingdoms\" include Zhuge Liang pretending to use magic to call forth favourable winds (that he had in fact predicted by astronomical observation) for the fire ship attack, his strategy of \"using straw boats to borrow arrows\", and Guan Yu capturing and releasing Cao Cao at Huarong Trail.",
"The fictionalised accounts also name Zhuge Liang as a military commander in the combined forces, which is historically inaccurate ."
] | [
0
] |
Popular culture and cinema | The music of persia is related to what culture? | Iran | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"The musical culture of Persia, while distinct, is closely related to other musical systems of the West and Central Asia.",
"It has also affinities to the music cultures of the Indian subcontinent, to a certain degree even to those of Africa, and, in the period after 1850 particularly, to that of Europe.",
"Its history can be traced to some extent through these relationships.",
"Like that of most of the world’s cultures, the music of Persia has depended on oral/aural transmission and learning.",
"Iranian cinema has thrived in modern Iran, and many Iranian directors have garnered worldwide recognition for their work.",
"Iranian movies have won over three hundred awards in the past twenty-five years including Oscars.",
"One of the best-known directors is Abbas Kiarostami."
] | [
0
] |
Government finance | Who's wage was cut in 2010 by 20%? | Portugal | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
5
] | [
"The Portuguese government is heavily indebted, and received a 78 billion euro bailout from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund in May 2011.",
"The ratio of Portugal’s debt to its overall economy, was 107 percent when it received the bailout.",
"As part of the deal, the country agreed to cut its budget deficit from 9.8 percent of GDP in 2010 to 5.9 percent in 2011, 4.5 percent in 2012 and 3 percent in 2013.",
"After the bailout was announced, the Portuguese government headed by Pedro Passos Coelho managed to implement measures with the intention of improve the State's financial situation, including tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending cuts.",
"The Portuguese government also agreed to eliminate its golden share in Portugal Telecom which gave it veto power over vital decisions.",
"In 2012, all public servants had already seen an average wage cut of 20% relative to their 2010 baseline, with cuts reaching 25% for those earning more than 1,500 euro per month.",
"The IMF, the European Commission and the European Central Bank said in September 2012 that Portugal’s debt would peak at 124 percent of gross domestic product in 2014.",
"The IMF previously said in July 2012 that Portugal’s debt would peak at about 118.5 percent of GDP in 2013.",
"In September 2013, the Portuguese Government reviewed again the public debt of Portugal for 2013 to 127.8 percent, after a peak of 130.9 percent in that month.",
"A report released in January 2011 by the Diário de Notícias and published in Portugal by Gradiva, had demonstrated that in the period between the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and 2010, the democratic Portuguese Republic governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles through unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms.",
"This allowed considerable slippage in state-managed public works and inflated top management and head officer bonuses and wages.",
"Persistent and lasting recruitment policies boosted the number of redundant public servants.",
"Risky credit, public debt creation, and European structural and cohesion funds were mismanaged across almost four decades.",
"After the financial crisis of 2007–2008, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investiments, embezzlement and accounting fraud.",
"The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size, market share, and the political implications - Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies, maintained personal and business relationships with the bank and its CEO, who was eventually charged and arrested for fraud and other crimes.",
"In the grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | What is the effect of a quantized electron bond on an atom? | Quantum | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
4
] | [
"In physics, a quantum (plural: quanta) is the minimum amount of any physical entity involved in an interaction.",
"Behind this, one finds the fundamental notion that a physical property may be \"quantized,\" referred to as \"the hypothesis of quantization\".",
"This means that the magnitude can take on only certain discrete values.",
"A photon is a single quantum of light, and is referred to as a \"light quantum\".",
"The energy of an electron bound to an atom is quantized, which results in the stability of atoms, and hence of matter in general.",
"As incorporated into the theory of quantum mechanics, this is regarded by physicists as part of the fundamental framework for understanding and describing nature at the smallest length-scales."
] | [
0
] |
Cultural significance | Which magazine published E.B.? | Man at the Crossroads | false | 3ART
| [
3
] | [
"The Rockefeller-Rivera dispute has become an emblem of the relationship of politics, aesthetics, creative freedom and economic power.",
"The American poet Archibald MacLeish's 1933 collection \"Frescoes for Mr. Rockefeller's City\" was inspired by the incident.",
"It included six \"irony-laden\" poems about the mural in which both Rockefeller and Rivera were criticised.",
"\"The New Yorker\" magazine published E. B.",
"White's poem \"I paint what I see: A ballad of artistic integrity\" on May 20, 1933, an imaginary debate between Rockefeller and Rivera.",
"It has been discussed or dramatized in a number of films dealing with the politics of art.",
"The events are dramatized in the American films \"Cradle Will Rock\" and \"Frida\", both set in the 1930s.",
"In \"Cradle Will Rock\", the painting we see is identical to the Mexican version.",
"When it is smashed, only the fragment of plaster containing the depiction of syphilis remains.",
"It is also discussed in the Tamil film \"Anbe Sivam\", in which an Indian Communist argues with a supporter of the capitalist system."
] | [] |
Monetarist | What do Monetarists argue caused the Great Depression? | Great Depression | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"Monetarists, including Milton Friedman, argue that the Great Depression was mainly caused by monetary contraction, the consequence of poor policy-making by the American Federal Reserve System and continued crisis in the banking system.",
"In this view, the Federal Reserve, by not acting, allowed the money supply as measured by the M2 to shrink by one-third from 1929–1933, thereby transforming a normal recession into the Great Depression.",
"Friedman argued that the downward turn in the economy, starting with the stock market crash, would have been just another recession.",
"The Federal Reserve allowed some large public bank failures – particularly that of the New York Bank of the United States – which produced panic and widespread runs on local banks, and the Federal Reserve sat idly by while banks collapsed.",
"He claimed that, if the Fed had provided emergency lending to these key banks, or simply bought government bonds on the open market to provide liquidity and increase the quantity of money after the key banks fell, all the rest of the banks would not have fallen after the large ones did, and the money supply would not have fallen as far and as fast as it did.",
"With significantly less money to go around, businessmen could not get new loans and could not even get their old loans renewed, forcing many to stop investing.",
"This interpretation blames the Federal Reserve for inaction, especially the New York branch.",
"One reason why the Federal Reserve did not act to limit the decline of the money supply was regulation.",
"At that time, the amount of credit the Federal Reserve could issue was limited by the Federal Reserve Act, which required 40% gold backing of Federal Reserve Notes issued.",
"By the late 1920s, the Federal Reserve had almost hit the limit of allowable credit that could be backed by the gold in its possession.",
"This credit was in the form of Federal Reserve demand notes.",
"A \"promise of gold\" is not as good as \"gold in the hand\", particularly when they only had enough gold to cover 40% of the Federal Reserve Notes outstanding.",
"During the bank panics a portion of those demand notes were redeemed for Federal Reserve gold.",
"Since the Federal Reserve had hit its limit on allowable credit, any reduction in gold in its vaults had to be accompanied by a greater reduction in credit.",
"On April 5, 1933, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 6102 making the private ownership of gold certificates, coins and bullion illegal, reducing the pressure on Federal Reserve gold."
] | [
0
] |
Season 4 | Can you give the name of the ex-boyfriend of Leaslie? | Parks and Recreation | true | 1TV
| [
7
] | [
"With Ben's encouragement, Leslie decides to run for city council, and the two end their relationship.",
"Leslie hires Andy as her assistant.",
"Patricia Clarkson appears as Ron's first ex-wife, \"Tammy One\", who uses her power as an IRS employee to trick Ron into thinking he's being audited and temporarily takes complete control over his life.",
"Tom and Jean-Ralphio's company, Entertainment 720, quickly blows through massive amounts of promotional funding while performing little actual work; the company goes out of business and Tom returns to his old job.",
"After struggling to move on both personally and professionally, Ben and Leslie get back together, and Ben sacrifices his job to save Leslie from losing hers.",
"The scandal leads her political advisors to abandon Leslie's campaign, and the Parks Department volunteers to become her new campaign staff.",
"Ben agrees to be Leslie's campaign manager.",
"Leslie's ex-boyfriend Dave (Louis C.K.)",
"reappears and unsuccessfully attempts to win Leslie back.",
"Leslie's campaign faces myriad setbacks against her main opponent, Bobby Newport (Paul Rudd), and his famous campaign manager Jennifer Barkley (Kathryn Hahn).",
"Ann and Tom begin an extremely rocky romantic relationship.",
"April takes on more responsibility in the department, shouldering much of Leslie's usual work.",
"In the season finale, Jennifer offers Ben a job in Washington, which he reluctantly accepts, and after the race is initially called for Newport, Leslie wins the position in a recount."
] | [] |
Spin-off | Who was responsible for the Vampire Diaries spin-off attempt? | The Vampire Diaries | true | 1TV
| [
3
] | [
"Former president of entertainment at The CW, Dawn Ostroff, mentioned a spin-off idea in 2010 that she said could happen in a few years.",
"A spin-off was in development for the 2011 fall line-up but, due to Kevin Williamson's commitment to \"The Secret Circle\", it was put on hold indefinitely.",
"On January 11, 2013, it was announced that a back-door pilot focused on the Originals, starring Joseph Morgan as Klaus titled \"The Originals\" would air on 25 April for a potential series pick-up for the 2013–2014 season.",
"This second spin-off attempt was carried out by Julie Plec with no involvement by Kevin Williamson.",
"On April 26, 2013, The CW announced that \"The Originals\" had been ordered to series to premiere in the 2013–14 television season.",
"\"The Originals\" premiered on October 3, 2013.",
"Daniel Gillies as Elijah, Claire Holt as Rebekah and Phoebe Tonkin as Hayley will also continue to play their characters, originally from \"The Vampire Diaries\", in the new spin-off series."
] | [
3
] |
Particle accelerators | When did physicists develop the particle accelerator? | Electron | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"With the development of the particle accelerator during the first half of the twentieth century, physicists began to delve deeper into the properties of subatomic particles.",
"The first successful attempt to accelerate electrons using electromagnetic induction was made in 1942 by Donald Kerst.",
"His initial betatron reached energies of 2.3 MeV, while subsequent betatrons achieved 300 MeV.",
"In 1947, synchrotron radiation was discovered with a 70 MeV electron synchrotron at General Electric.",
"This radiation was caused by the acceleration of electrons, moving near the speed of light, through a magnetic field.",
"With a beam energy of 1.5 GeV, the first high-energyparticle collider was ADONE, which began operations in 1968.",
"This device accelerated electrons and positrons in opposite directions, effectively doubling the energy of their collision when compared to striking a static target with an electron.",
"The Large Electron–Positron Collider (LEP) at CERN, which was operational from 1989 to 2000, achieved collision energies of 209 GeV and made important measurements for the Standard Model of particle physics."
] | [
2
] |
Cubism | Who developed Analytic Cubism? | Pablo Picasso | false | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"Analytic cubism (1909–1912) is a style of painting Picasso developed with Georges Braque using monochrome brownish and neutral colours.",
"Both artists took apart objects and \"analyzed\" them in terms of their shapes.",
"Picasso and Braque's paintings at this time share many similarities.",
"Synthetic cubism (1912–1919) was a further development of the genre, in which cut paper fragments – often wallpaper or portions of newspaper pages – were pasted into compositions, marking the first use of collage in fine art.",
"In Paris, Picasso entertained a distinguished coterie of friends in the Montmartre and Montparnasse quarters, including André Breton, poet Guillaume Apollinaire, writer Alfred Jarry, and Gertrude Stein.",
"Apollinaire was arrested on suspicion of stealing the \"Mona Lisa\" from the Louvre in 1911.",
"Apollinaire pointed to his friend Picasso, who was also brought in for questioning, but both were later exonerated."
] | [
3
] |
From naming to numbering | Why did Pollock not name his paintings? | Jackson Pollock | true | 3ART
| [
3,
4
] | [
"Continuing to evade the viewer's search for figurative elements in his paintings, Pollock abandoned titles and started numbering his works.",
"He said about this: \"...look passively and try to receive what the painting has to offer and not bring a subject matter or preconceived idea of what they are to be looking for\".",
"Pollock's wife, Lee Krasner, said Pollock \"used to give his pictures conventional titles... but now he simply numbers them.",
"Numbers are neutral.",
"They make people look at a picture for what it is—pure painting.\""
] | [
1
] |
Internationalization of the renminbi | What year did Russia begin using Chinese renminbi in it's transcations? | China | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"In November 2010, Russia began using the Chinese renminbi in its bilateral trade with China.",
"This was soon followed by Japan, Australia, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.",
"As a result of the rapid internationalization of the renminbi, it became the eighth-most-traded currency in the world in 2013."
] | [
0
] |
Casualties | How many people were killed during the Vietnam War? | Vietnam War | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"Estimates of the number of casualties vary, with one source suggesting up to 3.8 million violent war deaths.195,000–430,000 South Vietnamese civilians died in the war.",
"50,000–65,000 North Vietnamese civilians died in the war.",
"The Army of the Republic of Vietnam lost between 171,331 and 220,357 men during the war.",
"The official US Department of Defense figure was 950,765 communist forces killed in Vietnam from 1965 to 1974.",
"Defense Department officials believed that these body count figures need to be deflated by 30 percent.",
"In addition, Guenter Lewy assumes that one-third of the reported \"enemy\" killed may have been civilians, concluding that the actual number of deaths of communist military forces was probably closer to 444,000.",
"A detailed demographic study calculated 791,000–1,141,000 war-related deaths for all of Vietnam.",
"Between 200,000 and 300,000 Cambodians died during the war.",
"About 60,000 Laotians also died, and 58,220 U.S. service members were killed."
] | [
5
] |
Curries of Punjab | What should the spice level be? | Curry | false | 9FOOD
| [
4
] | [
"Punjab is a rich agricultural land, where fresh vegetables and fruits have always been accessible.",
"A typical Punjabi meal consists of some form of bread or rice with a \"salan\" (curry).",
"Most preparations start with the frying of a masala which is a concoction of ginger, garlic, onions and tomatoes with some dried spices.",
"This is followed by the addition of other ingredients.",
"Spice level varies greatly depending on the sub-region as well as the household itself.",
"A popular cooking fat is pure desi ghee, and some dishes are often enriched with liberal amounts of butter and cream.",
"There are certain dishes that are exclusive to Punjab, such as maash di dal and saron da saag (sarson ka saag)."
] | [
0
] |
Background and release | Who helped write the song with Adele, Set fire to Rain. | Set Fire to the Rain | false | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Set Fire to the Rain\" was written by Adele and Fraser T Smith while the production was handled by Smith.",
"On 28 October, during an interview with \"Billboard\", Columbia Records revealed that \"Rumour Has It\" would be released as the third single from the album and serviced to pop and adult contemporary radio.",
"However, the release of the song was scrapped and \"Set Fire to the Rain\" was released as the third US-single on 21 November 2011.",
"A spokesperson for Columbia, Pete Cosenza stated: \"Our research found more programmer preference for 'Set Fire to the Rain'.",
"[...] Both 'Rumour' and 'Fire' came back strong, but 'Fire' was a bit stronger.",
"[...] It's a better plan to go with 'Fire' over 'Rumour' at pop and adult radio.",
"[...] Everyone, from radio to the buying public, seems to be on board.\""
] | [
3
] |
Specialty Job | On beaches, how is ice cream sold? | Ice cream | true | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"Today, jobs specialize in the selling of ice cream.",
"The title of a person who works in this speciality is often called an 'ice cream man', however women also specialize in the selling of ice cream.",
"People in this line of work often sell ice cream on beaches.",
"On beaches, ice cream is either sold by a person who carries a box full of ice cream and is called over by people who want the purchase ice cream, or by a person who drives up to the top of the beach and rings a bell.",
"In the second method, people go up to the top of the beach and purchase ice cream straight from the ice cream seller, who is often in an ice cream van.",
"In Turkey and Australia, ice cream is sometimes sold to beach-goers from small powerboats equipped with chest freezers.",
"Some ice cream distributors sell ice cream products from traveling refrigerated vans or carts (commonly referred to in the US as \"ice cream trucks\"), sometimes equipped with speakers playing children's music.",
"The driver of an ice cream van drives throughout neighborhoods and stops every so often, usually every block.",
"The ice cream van is usually playing a jingle called \"Ice Cream\" by Andre Nickatina.",
"The seller on the ice cream van sells the ice cream through a large window; this window is also where the customer asks for ice cream and pays.",
"Ice cream vans in the United Kingdom make a music box noise rather than actual music."
] | [
5
] |
Release and promotion | When was "Free Spirit" released? | Take Care (album) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
11
] | [
"The first track Drake released was \"Dreams Money Can Buy\" on May 20, 2011 through his October's Very Own blog.",
"Drake mentioned this song was \"A Story of Dreams, mixed with reality,\" and that this was not his first single off the album but that it would be included on \"Take Care\".",
"On June 9, 2011, a second track titled \"Marvins Room\" was released via his blog.",
"Drake initially stated that the song would not be featured on \"Take Care\", but because of the song's unexpected success, prompting it was released as a digital and radio single on July 22, 2011 and will be on \"Take Care\".",
"\"Trust Issues\" was then released shortly after on his blog, but is confirmed not to be on the album via Drake's Twitter.",
"He explained that the song was an idea he had from I'm On One and made it \"just for fun.\"",
"However, in an interview, Drake stated that Trust Issues, along with Dreams Money Can Buy, will be included in the Birthday Edition of the album.",
"On September 10, 2011, Drake released a new song titled \"Club Paradise\" on his October's Very Own blog.",
"\"Dropping this for our boy Avery...this was his favorite sh*t during the recording process.",
"2 more songs coming tonight as well.",
"ovoxo,\" he wrote on his blog.",
"On September 11, 2011, Drake released another track entitled \"Free Spirit\" featuring Rick Ross and blogged that another was to be released that night, as well.",
"Later that night he released a remix of Waka Flocka Flame's \"Round of Applause\".",
"On September 23, 2011, Drake released the official album cover to \"Take Care\".",
"On October 20, 2011, an unfinished version of \"The Real Her\" featuring only Lil Wayne was leaked online.",
"On October 8, 2011, Drake announced on his OVO blog that \"Take Care\" would be pushed back until November 15 because of three sample clearances (Take Care, Cameras, & Practice).",
"It was originally to be released on his 25th birthday, October 24, 2011.",
"The Club Paradise Tour was revealed to start in November on Twitter.",
"However, It was revealed that the tour was delayed until after Christmas/New Year break so Drake could perform at more schools.",
"A “chopped and screwed” version of the album remixed by OG Ron C titled \"Chop Care\" was released on November 29, 2011, and received over 1 million downloads in the first 48 hours.",
"It was featured on a variety of media blogs, magazines, and newspapers.",
"It was included on year-end lists by several publications, including The New York Times which gave major praise."
] | [
2
] |
Setting and access | When did the Stonehenge visitors' center open to the public? | Stonehenge | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
13
] | [
"When Stonehenge was first opened to the public it was possible to walk among and even climb on the stones, but the stones were roped off in 1977 as a result of serious erosion.",
"Visitors are no longer permitted to touch the stones, but are able to walk around the monument from a short distance away.",
"English Heritage does, however, permit access during the summer and winter solstice, and the spring and autumn equinox.",
"Additionally, visitors can make special bookings to access the stones throughout the year.",
"The access situation and the proximity of the two roads has drawn widespread criticism, highlighted by a 2006 National Geographic survey.",
"In the survey of conditions at 94 leading World Heritage Sites, 400 conservation and tourism experts ranked Stonehenge 75th in the list of destinations, declaring it to be \"in moderate trouble\".",
"As motorised traffic increased, the setting of the monument began to be affected by the proximity of the two roads on either side – the A344 to Shrewton on the north side, and the A303 to Winterbourne Stoke to the south.",
"Plans to upgrade the A303 and close the A344 to restore the vista from the stones have been considered since the monument became a World Heritage Site.",
"However, the controversy surrounding expensive re-routing of the roads has led to the scheme being cancelled on multiple occasions.",
"On 6 December 2007, it was announced that extensive plans to build Stonehenge road tunnel under the landscape and create a permanent visitors' centre had been cancelled.",
"On 13 May 2009, the government gave approval for a £25 million scheme to create a smaller visitors' centre and close the A344, although this was dependent on funding and local authority planning consent.",
"On 20 January 2010 Wiltshire Council granted planning permission for a centre to the west and English Heritage confirmed that funds to build it would be available, supported by a £10m grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund.",
"On 23 June 2013 the A344 was closed to begin the work of removing the section of road and grassing it over.",
"The centre, designed by Denton Corker Marshall, opened to the public on 18 December 2013."
] | [
2
] |
Metallic character | What factors contribute to an increase in metallic character in an element? | Periodic table | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"The lower the values of ionization energy, electronegativity and electron affinity, the more metallic character the element has.",
"Conversely, nonmetallic character increases with higher values of these properties.",
"Given the periodic trends of these three properties, metallic character tends to decrease going across a period (or row) and, with some irregularities (mostly) due to poor screening of the nucleus by d and f electrons, and relativistic effects, tends to increase going down a group (or column or family).",
"Thus, the most metallic elements (such as caesium and francium) are found at the bottom left of traditional periodic tables and the most nonmetallic elements (oxygen, fluorine, chlorine) at the top right.",
"The combination of horizontal and vertical trends in metallic character explains the stair-shaped dividing line between metals and nonmetals found on some periodic tables, and the practice of sometimes categorizing several elements adjacent to that line, or elements adjacent to those elements, as metalloids."
] | [
0
] |
Gravitational time dilation and frequency shift | What becomes of light that that is projected into a gravity well? | General relativity | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"Assuming that the equivalence principle holds, gravity influences the passage of time.",
"Light sent down into a gravity well is blueshifted, whereas light sent in the opposite direction (i.e., climbing out of the gravity well) is redshifted; collectively, these two effects are known as the gravitational frequency shift.",
"More generally, processes close to a massive body run more slowly when compared with processes taking place farther away; this effect is known as gravitational time dilation.",
"Gravitational redshift has been measured in the laboratory and using astronomical observations.",
"Gravitational time dilation in the Earth's gravitational field has been measured numerous times using atomic clocks, while ongoing validation is provided as a side effect of the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS).",
"Tests in stronger gravitational fields are provided by the observation of binary pulsars.",
"All results are in agreement with general relativity.",
"However, at the current level of accuracy, these observations cannot distinguish between general relativity and other theories in which the equivalence principle is valid."
] | [
0
] |
Origins | What is the legend of tug of war? | Tug of war | false | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"The origins of tug of war are uncertain, but it is beyond dispute that this once royal sport was practised in ancient Egypt, Greece and China, where it was held in legend that the Sun and Moon played Tug of War over the light and darkness.",
"It is also widely believed the sport was made popular in Great Britain by Lord Elliott Simpson, in the 16th Century.",
"Simpson was a keen tugger.",
"According to a Tang dynasty book, The Notes of Feng, tug of war, under the name \"hook pulling\"(牵钩), was used by the military commander of the State of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period (8th century BC to 5th century BC) to train warriors.",
"During the Tang dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang promoted large-scale tug of war games, using ropes of up to 167 meters or (547.9 feet) with shorter ropes attached and more than 500 people on each end of the rope.",
"Each side also had its own team of drummers to encourage the participants.",
"In ancient Greece the sport was called \"helkustinda\" (Greek: ἑλκυστίνδα), \"efelkustinda\" (ἐφελκυστίνδα) and \"dielkustinda\" (διελκυστίνδα), which derives from \"dielkō\" (διέλκω), meaning amongst others \"I pull through\", all deriving from the verb \"helkō\" (ἕλκω), \"I draw, I pull\".",
"\"Helkustinda\" and \"efelkustinda\" seem to have been ordinary versions of tug of war, while \"dielkustinda\" had no rope, according to Julius Pollux.",
"It is possible that the teams held hands when pulling, which would have increased difficulty, since handgrips are more difficult to sustain than a grip of a rope.",
"Tug of war games in ancient Greece were among the most popular games used for strength and would help build strength needed for battle in full armor.",
"Archeological evidence shows that tug of war was also popular in India in 12th century AD:Tug of war stories about heroic champions from Scandinavia and Germany circulate Western Europe where Viking warriors pull animal skins over open pits of fire in tests of strength and endurance in preparation for battle and plunder.1500 and 1600 – tug of war is popularised during tournaments in French châteaux gardens and later in Great Britain1800 – tug of war begins a new tradition among seafaring men who were required to tug on lines to adjust sails while ships were under way and even in battle.",
"The Mohave Indians occasionally used tug-of-war matches as means of settling disputes.",
"The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" says that the phrase \"tug of war\" originally meant \"the decisive contest; the real struggle or tussle; a severe contest for supremacy\".",
"Only in the 19th century was it used as a term for an athletic contest between two teams who haul at the opposite ends of a rope."
] | [
0
] |
Slopestyle | What kinds of obstacles are on a snowboard course? | Snowboarding | false | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"Competitors perform tricks while descending a course, moving around, over, across, up, or down terrain features.",
"The course is full of obstacles including boxes, rails, jumps, jibs (includes anything the board or rider can slide across).",
"Slope-style contests consists of choosing your own line in a terrain park using a variety of boxes, jibs and jumps.",
"To win a slope-style contest one must pick the best and most difficult line in the terrain park and have a smooth flowing line of tricks performed on the obstacles.",
"Overall impression is also a huge factor in winning a slope-style contest.",
"The rider who lands the hardest tricks will not always win over the rider who lands easy"
] | [
0
] |
Culture | When was writing first introduced by the Spaniards? | Peru | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
8
] | [
"Peruvian culture is primarily rooted in Amerindian and Spanish traditions, though it has also been influenced by various Asian, African, and other European ethnic groups.",
"Peruvian artistic traditions date back to the elaborate pottery, textiles, jewelry, and sculpture of Pre-Inca cultures.",
"The Incas maintained these crafts and made architectural achievements including the construction of Machu Picchu.",
"Baroque dominated colonial art, though modified by native traditions.",
"During this period, most art focused on religious subjects; the numerous churches of the era and the paintings of the Cuzco School are representative.",
"Arts stagnated after independence until the emergence of \"Indigenismo\" in the early 20th century.",
"Since the 1950s, Peruvian art has been eclectic and shaped by both foreign and local art currents.",
"Peruvian literature is rooted in the oral traditions of pre-Columbian civilizations.",
"Spaniards introduced writing in the 16th century; colonial literary expression included chronicles and religious literature.",
"After independence, Costumbrism and Romanticism became the most common literary genres, as exemplified in the works of Ricardo Palma.",
"The early 20th century's \"Indigenismo\" movement was led by such writers as Ciro Alegría and José María Arguedas.",
"César Vallejo wrote modernist and often politically engaged verse.",
"Modern Peruvian literature is recognized thanks to authors such as Nobel laureate Mario Vargas Llosa, a leading member of the Latin American Boom.",
"Peruvian cuisine blends Amerindian and Spanish food with strong influences from Chinese, African, Arab, Italian, and Japanese cooking.",
"Common dishes include \"anticuchos\", \"ceviche\", and \"pachamanca\".",
"Peru's varied climate allows the growth of diverse plants and animals good for cooking.",
"Peru's diversity of ingredients and cooking techniques is receiving worldwide acclaim.",
"Peruvian music has Andean, Spanish, and African roots.",
"In pre-Hispanic times, musical expressions varied widely in each region; the \"quena\" and the \"tinya\" were two common instruments.",
"Spaniards introduced new instruments, such as the guitar and the harp, which led to the development of crossbred instruments like the \"charango\".",
"African contributions to Peruvian music include its rhythms and the \"cajón\", a percussion instrument.",
"Peruvian folk dances include marinera, tondero, zamacueca, diablada and huayno."
] | [
2
] |
Urbanization | Why is there growing concerns about land use in Switzerland? | Switzerland | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
2,
3
] | [
"Between two thirds and three quarters of the population live in urban areas.",
"Switzerland has gone from a largely rural country to an urban one in just 70 years.",
"Since 1935 urban development has claimed as much of the Swiss landscape as it did during the previous 2,000 years.",
"This urban sprawl does not only affect the plateau but also the Jura and the Alpine foothills and there are growing concerns about land use.",
"However from the beginning of the 21st century, the population growth in urban areas is higher than in the countryside.",
"Switzerland has a dense network of cities, where large, medium and small cities are complementary.",
"The plateau is very densely populated with about 450 people per km2 and the landscape continually shows signs of man's presence.",
"The weight of the largest metropolitan areas, which are Zürich, Geneva–Lausanne, Basel and Bern tend to increase.",
"In international comparison the importance of these urban areas is stronger than their number of inhabitants suggests.",
"In addition the two main centers of Zürich and Geneva are recognized for their particularly great quality of life."
] | [
1
] |
Questions of authenticity | The Bachelor is produced by which two studios? | The Bachelor (U.S. TV series) | true | 1TV
| [
8
] | [
"On February 26, 2009, in an exclusive interview between \"The Bachelor\" Season 13 contestant Megan Parris, and Steve Carbone, Megan commented that the producers edit the footage to create a fictional storyline.",
"\"I don't think producers showed any real conversation I had with anyone...",
"The viewers fail to realize that editing is what makes the show... You'll hear someone make one comment and then they'll show a clip of somebody's face to make it look like \"that\" is their facial reaction to that statement, but really, somebody made that face the day before to something else.",
"It's just piecing things together to make a story.",
"\"On March 26, 2009, Megan Parris argued that not only was the show scripted, but that producers bullied contestants into saying things to the camera that contestants did not want to say.",
"\"'There's nothing real about it,' she said of the show's trademark \"confessionals,\" in which contestants talk to the camera about the latest goings-on.",
"\"It is scripted,\" she said.",
"\"They basically will call you names, berate you, curse at you until they get you to say what they want you to say.\"",
"Both ABC and Warner Bros., the studio that produces \"The Bachelor,\" had no comment.",
"\"On March 15, 2010, creator Mike Fleiss appeared on \"20/20\" and said that he develops contestants into characters that will cater to his audience's tastes and that they \"need fair share of villains every season.\"",
"Fleiss has come under fire for admitting that \"The Bachelor\" has less to do with reality than it does making good television.",
"On February 24, 2012, during the taping of \"The Women Tell All\" episode of \"The Bachelor,\" a private conversation between contestant Courtney Robertson and a show producer went public when microphones were accidentally left on in between camera takes.",
"The conversation revealed the producer's role as a coach encouraging Robertson to fake certain emotions for the camera which she was not feeling."
] | [] |
Solar astronomy | What is agreed to have caused the Little Ice Age during the Middle Ages? | Astronomy | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
8
] | [
"Specific subfields.",
"Solar astronomy.",
"At a distance of about eight light-minutes, the most frequently studied star is the Sun, a typical main-sequence dwarf star of stellar class G2 V, and about 4.6 billion years (Gyr) old.",
"The Sun is not considered a variable star, but it does undergo periodic changes in activity known as the sunspot cycle.",
"This is an 11-year fluctuation in sunspot numbers.",
"Sunspots are regions of lower-than- average temperatures that are associated with intense magnetic activity.",
"The Sun has steadily increased in luminosity over the course of its life, increasing by 40% since it first became a main-sequence star.",
"The Sun has also undergone periodic changes in luminosity that can have a significant impact on the Earth.",
"The Maunder minimum, for example, is believed to have caused the Little Ice Age phenomenon during the Middle Ages.",
"The visible outer surface of the Sun is called the photosphere.",
"Above this layer is a thin region known as the chromosphere.",
"This is surrounded by a transition region of rapidly increasing temperatures, and finally by the super-heated corona.",
"At the center of the Sun is the core region, a volume of sufficient temperature and pressure for nuclear fusion to occur.",
"Above the core is the radiation zone, where the plasma conveys the energy flux by means of radiation.",
"Above that are the outer layers that form a convection zone where the gas material transports energy primarily through physical displacement of the gas.",
"It is believed that this convection zone creates the magnetic activity that generates sun spots.",
"A solar wind of plasma particles constantly streams outward from the Sun until, at the outermost limit of the solar system, it reaches the heliopause.",
"This solar wind interacts with the magnetosphere of the Earth to create the Van Allen radiation belts about the Earth, as well as the aurora where the lines of the Earth's magnetic field descend into the atmosphere."
] | [
0
] |
Issues | In what year was "Yokum v. 615 Bourbon Street"? | Bourbon Street | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"Historically noise violations were the responsibility of the party making the noise.",
"This changed in 1996 with \"Yokum v. 615 Bourbon Street\".",
"The case ruled that the property owner, not the noise-maker is responsible for noise violations.",
"A 2010 city ordinance stipulates that no music may be played in the French Quarter between 8 pm and 9 am.",
"Enforcement has been inconsistent and critics claim its goals are vague.",
"Some even state that is unconstitutional.",
"Besides being difficult to enforce, music aficionados claim that noise ordinances threaten the city's music culture.",
"Local jazz bands, such as the To Be Continued Brass Band, who play in the streets would be prohibited from doing so under such ordinances.",
"Aggressive solicitation bans are a newer issue on Bourbon Street.",
"In 2011, an ordinance was passed that banned individuals and groups from \"disseminating any social, political or religious message\" at night.",
"The ordinance does not explain the justification for this ban.",
"On September 21, 2012, the ACLU of Louisiana won a temporary restraining order against the ban on behalf of Kelsey McCauley, a woman who converted to Christianity through a religious group's activities on Bourbon Street which had several of its members arrested, and some of which were cited, on September 14, 2012 for violating the ordinance.",
"A hearing was set for October 1, 2012.",
"On July 25, 2013, the New Orleans City Council voted 6-0 to amend the law to remove the Bourbon Street ban, with language that was acceptable to attorneys on all opposing sides."
] | [
0
] |
Civil War and aftermath | When did Boutefika promise further constitutional and political reform? | Algeria | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
21
] | [
"In December 1991 the Islamic Salvation Front dominated the first of two rounds of legislative elections.",
"Fearing the election of an Islamist government, the authorities intervened on 11 January 1992, cancelling the elections.",
"Bendjedid resigned and a High Council of State was installed to act as Presidency.",
"It banned the FIS, triggering a civil insurgency between the Front's armed wing, the Armed Islamic Group, and the national armed forces, in which more than 100,000 persons are thought to have died.",
"The Islamist militants conducted a violent campaign of civilian massacres.",
"At several points in the conflict, the situation in Algeria became a point of international concern, most notably during the crisis surrounding Air France Flight 8969, a hijacking perpetrated by the Armed Islamic Group.",
"The Armed Islamic Group declared a ceasefire in October 1997.",
"Algeria held elections in 1999, considered biased by international observers and most opposition groups which were won by President Abdelaziz Bouteflika.",
"He worked to restore political stability to the country and announced a 'Civil Concord' initiative, approved in a referendum, under which many political prisoners were pardoned, and several thousand members of armed groups were granted exemption from prosecution under a limited amnesty, in force until 13 January 2000.",
"The AIS disbanded and levels of insurgent violence fell rapidly.",
"The Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat (GSPC), a splinter group of the Group Islamic Armée, continued a terrorist campaign against the Government.",
"Bouteflika was re-elected in the April 2004 presidential election after campaigning on a programme of national reconciliation.",
"The programme comprised economic, institutional, political and social reform to modernise the country, raise living standards, and tackle the causes of alienation.",
"It also included a second amnesty initiative, the Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation, which was approved in a referendum in September 2005.",
"It offered amnesty to most guerrillas and Government security forces.",
"In November 2008, the Algerian Constitution was amended following a vote in Parliament, removing the two-term limit on Presidential incumbents.",
"This change enabled Bouteflika to stand for re-election in the 2009 presidential elections, and he was re-elected in April 2009.",
"During his election campaign and following his re-election, Bouteflika promised to extend the programme of national reconciliation and a $150-billion spending programme to create three million new jobs, the construction of one million new housing units, and to continue public sector and infrastructure modernisation programmes.",
"A continuing series of protests throughout the country started on 28 December 2010, inspired by similar protests across the Middle East and North Africa.",
"On 24 February 2011, the government lifted Algeria's 19-year-old state of emergency.",
"The government enacted legislation dealing with political parties, the electoral code, and the representation of women in elected bodies.",
"In April 2011, Bouteflika promised further constitutional and political reform.",
"However, elections are routinely criticized by opposition groups as unfair and international human rights groups say that media censorship and harassment of political opponents continue."
] | [
2
] |
Architecture | Who designed Batu-Tsagaan? | Mongolia | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
10
] | [
"The traditional Mongolian dwelling is known as a \"ger\".",
"In the past it was known by the Russian term \"yurt\", but this is changing as the Mongolian term becomes better known among English-speaking countries.",
"According to Mongolian artist and art critic N. Chultem, the \"ger\" was the basis for development of traditional Mongolian architecture.",
"In the 16th and 17th centuries, lamaseries were built throughout the country.",
"Many of them started as \"ger\"-temples.",
"When they needed to be enlarged to accommodate the growing number of worshippers, the Mongolian architects used structures with 6 and 12 angles with pyramidal roofs to approximate to the round shape of a \"ger\".",
"Further enlargement led to a quadratic shape of the temples.",
"The roofs were made in the shape of marquees.",
"The trellis walls, roof poles and layers of felt were replaced by stone, brick, beams and planks, and became permanent.",
"Chultem distinguished three styles in traditional Mongolian architecture: Mongolian, Tibetan and Chinese as well as combinations of the three.",
"Among the first quadratic temples was Batu-Tsagaan (1654) designed by Zanabazar.",
"An example of the \"ger\"-style architecture is the lamasery Dashi-Choiling in Ulaanbaatar.",
"The temple Lavrin (18th century) in the Erdene Zuu lamasery was built in the Tibetan tradition.",
"An example of a temple built in the Chinese tradition is the lamasery Choijing Lamiin Sume (1904), which is a museum today.",
"The quadratic temple Tsogchin in lamasery Gandan in Ulaanbaatar is a combination of the Mongolian and Chinese tradition.",
"The temple of Maitreya (disassembled in 1938) is an example of the Tibeto-Mongolian architecture.",
"Dashi-Choiling monastery has commenced a project to restore the temple and the sculpture of Maitreya."
] | [
3
] |
Languages | How many indigenous language does the constitution recognize? | Venezuela | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Although the country is mostly monolingual Spanish, many languages are spoken in Venezuela.",
"In addition to Spanish, the Constitution recognizes more than thirty indigenous languages, including Wayuu, Warao, Pemón, and many others for the official use of the indigenous peoples, mostly with few speakers – less than 1% of the total population.",
"Immigrants, in addition to Spanish, speak their own languages.",
"Arabic is spoken by Lebanese and Syrian colonies on Isla de Margarita, Maracaibo, Punto Fijo, Puerto la Cruz, El Tigre, Maracay, and Caracas.",
"Portuguese is spoken not only by the Portuguese community in Santa Elena de Uairén but also by much of the population due to its proximity to Brazil.",
"The German community speaks their native language, while the Colonia Tovar speaks mostly an Alemannic dialect of German called \"coloniero\".",
"English is the most widely used foreign language in demand and is spoken by many professionals, academics, and members of the upper and middle classes as a result of oil exploration by foreign companies, in addition to its acceptance as a lingua franca.",
"Culturally, English is common in southern towns like El Callao, for the English-speaking native influence evident in folk songs and calypso Venezuelan and French with English voices.",
"Italian instruction is guaranteed by the presence of a constant number of schools and private institutions because the Italian government considered mandatory language teaching at school level.",
"Other languages spoken by large communities in the country are Chinese and Galician, among others."
] | [
5
] |
No clock to kill | When did the NPB shorten games? | Baseball | false | 4SPORT
| [
12
] | [
"In clock-limited sports, games often end with a team that holds the lead killing the clock rather than competing aggressively against the opposing team.",
"In contrast, baseball has no clock; a team cannot win without getting the last batter out and rallies are not constrained by time.",
"At almost any turn in any baseball game, the most advantageous strategy is some form of aggressive strategy.",
"In contrast, again, the clock comes into play even in the case of multi-day Test and first-class cricket: the possibility of a draw often encourages a team that is batting last and well behind to bat defensively, giving up any faint chance at a win to avoid a loss.",
"Baseball offers no such reward for conservative batting.",
"While nine innings has been the standard since the beginning of professional baseball, the duration of the average major league game has increased steadily through the years.",
"At the turn of the 20th century, games typically took an hour and a half to play.",
"In the 1920s, they averaged just less than two hours, which eventually ballooned to 2:38 in 1960.",
"By 1997, the average American League game lasted 2:57 (National League games were about 10 minutes shorter—pitchers at the plate making for quicker outs than designated hitters).",
"In 2004, Major League Baseball declared that its goal was an average game of merely 2:45.",
"The lengthening of games is attributed to longer breaks between half-innings for television commercials, increased offense, more pitching changes, and a slower pace of play with pitchers taking more time between each delivery, and batters stepping out of the box more frequently.",
"Other leagues have experienced similar issues.",
"In 2008, Nippon Professional Baseball took steps aimed at shortening games by 12 minutes from the preceding decade's average of 3:18."
] | [
2
] |
Composition and lyrics | What key was the song written in? | We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together | false | 0MUSIC
| [
3
] | [
"The three minute and twelve second song features electronic heavy production and a pop music vocal styling, a musical transition for Swift.",
"An alternate edition was recorded for country radio featuring a different instrumental arrangement.",
"The country arrangement replaced the guitar, drum machine, and synthesisers with a banjo, mandolin, fiddle, steel guitar and snare drums.",
"It was written in the key of G Major with a common time signature and a slow tempo of eighty-six beats per minute Moderate Rock beat, with Swift's vocals spanning one octave & four notes, from G3 to D5.",
"The track features an acoustic guitar (some of its sounds are reversed) and various synthesizers over an electronic drum beat.",
"The song was written by Swift, along with Max Martin and Shellback.",
"The lyrics discuss Swift's frustration towards a former male lover who wants to rekindle their relationship."
] | [
0
] |
Music Concourse Area | Golden Gate Park contains how many fountains? | Golden Gate Park | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
4
] | [
"Major features.",
"Music Concourse Area.",
"The Music Concourse is a sunken, oval-shaped open-air plaza originally excavated for the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894.",
"Its focal point is the Spreckels Temple of Music, also called the \"Bandshell,\" where numerous music performances have been staged.",
"It includes a number of statues of various historic figures, four fountains, and a regular grid array of heavily pollarded trees.",
"Since 2003, the Music Concourse has undergone a series of improvements to include an underground 800-car parking garage and pedestrianization of the plaza itself.",
"It is surrounded by various cultural attractions, including:"
] | [
5
] |
The four building campaigns (1664–1710) | Which architect put together the modern design at Palace of Versailles? | Palace of Versailles | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
13
] | [
"The four building campaigns (1664–1710).",
"The first building campaign (1664–1668) commenced with the \"Plaisirs de l'Île enchantée\" (Pleasures of the Enchanted Island) of 1664, a fête that was held between 7 and 13 May 1664.",
"The campaign involved alterations in the château and gardens to accommodate the 600 guests invited to the party.",
"(Nolhac, 1899, 1901; Marie, 1968; Verlet, 1985).",
"The second building campaign (1669–1672) was inaugurated with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which ended the War of Devolution.",
"During this campaign, the château began to assume some of the appearance that it has today.",
"The most important modification of the château was Le Vau's envelope of Louis XIII's hunting lodge.",
"(Nolhac, 1901; Marie, 1972; Verlet, 1985).",
"Significant to the design and construction of the \"grands appartements\" is that the rooms of both apartments are of the same configuration and dimensions – a hitherto unprecedented feature in French palace design.",
"Both the \"grand appartement du roi\" and the \"grand appartement de la reine\" formed a suite of seven enfilade rooms.",
"The decoration of the rooms, which was conducted under Le Brun's direction, depicted the \"heroic actions of the king\" and were represented in allegorical form by the actions of historical figures from the antique past (Alexander the Great, Augustus, Cyrus, etc.).",
"(Berger, 1986; Félibien, 1674; Verlet, 1985).",
"With the signing of the Treaty of Nijmegen in 1678, which ended the Dutch War, the third building campaign at Versailles began (1678–1684).",
"Under the direction of the architect, Jules Hardouin-Mansart, the Palace of Versailles acquired much of the look that it has today.",
"In addition to the Hall of Mirrors, Hardouin-Mansart designed the north and south wings and the \"Orangerie\".",
"Le Brun was occupied not only with the interior decoration of the new additions of the palace, but also collaborated with Le Nôtre's in landscaping the palace gardens (Berger, 1985; Thompson, 2006; Verlet, 1985).",
"Soon after the defeat of the War of the League of Augsburg (1688–1697), Louis XIV undertook his last building campaign at Versailles.",
"The fourth building campaign (1699–1710) concentrated almost exclusively on construction of the royal chapel designed by Hardouin-Mansart and finished by Robert de Cotte.",
"There were also some modifications in the \"appartement du roi\", namely the construction of the \"Salon de l'Œil de Bœuf\" and the King's Bedchamber.",
"With the completion of the chapel in 1710, virtually all construction at Versailles ceased; building would not be resumed at Versailles until some twenty one years later during the reign of Louis XV (Nolhac, 1911; Marie, 1976, 1984; Verlet, 1985)."
] | [] |
Law, law enforcement, and judicial system | How many Councillors of Justice are there on the Supreme Court? | Sweden | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
2
] | [
"The Supreme Court of Sweden is the third and final instance in all civil and criminal cases in Sweden.",
"Before a case can be decided by the Supreme Court, leave to appeal must be obtained, and with few exceptions, leave to appeal can be granted only when the case is of interest as a precedent.",
"The Supreme Court consists of 16 Councillors of Justice, or \"justitieråd\", which are appointed by the government, but the court as an institution is independent of the Riksdag, and the government is not able to interfere with the decisions of the court.",
"The law is enforced in Sweden by several government entities.",
"The Swedish Police Service is a Government agency concerned with police matters.",
"The National Task Force is a national SWAT unit within the National Criminal Investigation Department.",
"The Swedish Security Service's responsibilities are counter-espionage, anti-terrorist activities, protection of the constitution and protection of sensitive objects and people.",
"According to a victimization survey of 1,201 residents in 2005, Sweden has above-average crime rates compared to other EU countries.",
"Sweden has high or above-average levels of assaults, sexual assaults, hate crimes, and consumer fraud.",
"Sweden has low levels of burglary, car theft and drug problems.",
"Bribe seeking is rare.",
"A mid-November 2013 news report announced that four prisons in Sweden were closed during the year due to a significant drop in the number of inmates.",
"The decrease in the number of Swedish prisoners was considered \"out-of-the-ordinary\" by the head of Sweden's prison and probation services, with prison numbers in Sweden falling by around 1% a year since 2004.",
"Prisons were closed in the towns of Åby, Håja, Båtshagen, and Kristianstad."
] | [
5
] |
Awards and reception | What did they show at the Contemporary World Cinema during the Toronto International Film Festival? | The Selfish Giant (2013 film) | true | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival where it won the Europa Cinemas award.",
"It was also nominated for the 2013 Lux Prize.",
"The film was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival.",
"It won Best Film at the 24th Stockholm International Film Festival in November 2013.",
"Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film five out of five stars.",
"The film was nominated for the 2014 Bafta for Best British Film."
] | [
0
] |
Vegetable salad | What are some common raw vegetables used in salad? | Salad | false | 9FOOD
| [
1
] | [
"Vegetables other than greens may be used in a salad.",
"Common raw vegetables used in a salad include cucumbers, peppers, tomatoes, onions, spring onions, red onions, carrots, celery, and radishes.",
"Other ingredients, such as mushrooms, avocado, olives, hard boiled egg, artichoke hearts, heart of palm, roasted red bell peppers, green beans, croutons, cheeses, meat (e.g.",
"bacon, chicken), or seafood (e.g.",
"tuna, shrimp), are sometimes added to salads."
] | [
0
] |
Publication history | Why did Tolkien dislike the title of his book "The Return of the King" | The Lord of the Rings | true | 6MOVIES
| [
8
] | [
"A dispute with his publisher, George Allen & Unwin, led to the book being offered to Collins in 1950.",
"Tolkien intended \"The Silmarillion\" (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with \"The Lord of the Rings,\" but A&U were unwilling to do this.",
"After Milton Waldman, his contact at Collins, expressed the belief that \"The Lord of the Rings\" itself \"urgently wanted cutting\", Tolkien eventually demanded that they publish the book in 1952.",
"Collins did not; and so Tolkien wrote to Allen and Unwin, saying, \"I would gladly consider the publication of any part of the stuff.",
"\"For publication, the book was divided into three volumes: \"The Fellowship of the Ring\" (Books I, \"The Ring Sets Out\", and II, \"The Ring Goes South\"), \"The Two Towers\" (Books III, \"The Treason of Isengard\", and IV, \"The Ring Goes East\"), and \"The Return of the King\" (Books V, \"The War of the Ring\", and VI, \"The End of the Third Age\", plus six appendices).",
"This was due largely to post-war paper shortages, as well as being a way to keep down the price of the book.",
"Delays in producing appendices, maps and especially indices led to the volumes being published later than originally hoped — on 21 July 1954, on 11 November 1954 and on 20 October 1955 respectively in the United Kingdom, and slightly later in the United States.",
"\"The Return of the King\" was especially delayed.",
"Tolkien, moreover, did not especially like the title \"The Return of the King\", believing it gave away too much of the storyline.",
"He had originally suggested \"The War of the Ring\", which was dismissed by his publishers.",
"The books were published under a profit-sharing arrangement, whereby Tolkien would not receive an advance or royalties until the books had broken even, after which he would take a large share of the profits.",
"It has ultimately become the second best-selling novel ever written, with over 150 million copies sold.",
"Only \"A Tale of Two Cities\" by Charles Dickens has sold more copies worldwide (over 200 million) while the fourth best-selling novel is Tolkien's \"The Hobbit\"."
] | [
1
] |
Loans and Grants | How much of the Marshall plan aid was Germany supposed to repay? | Marshall Plan | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
9
] | [
"The Marshall plan, just as GARIOA, consisted of aid both in the form of grants and in the form of loans.",
"Out of the total, 1.2 billion USD were loan-aid.",
"Ireland which received 146.2 million USD through the Marshall plan, received 128.2 million USD as loans, and the remaining 18 million USD as grants.",
"By 1969 the Irish Marshal plan debt, which was still being repaid, amounted to 31 million pounds, out of a total Irish foreign debt of 50 million pounds.",
"The UK received 385 million USD of its Marshall plan aid in the form of loans.",
"Unconnected to the Marshall plan the UK also received direct loans from the US amounting to 4.6 billion USD.",
"The proportion of Marshall plan loans versus Marshall plan grants was roughly 15% to 85% for both the UK and France.",
"Germany, which up until the 1953 Debt agreement had to work on the assumption that all the Marshall plan aid was to be repaid, spent its funds very carefully.",
"Payment for Marshall plan goods, \"counterpart funds\", were administered by the Reconstruction Credit Institute, which used the funds for loans inside Germany.",
"In the 1953 Debt agreement the amount of Marshall plan aid that Germany was to repay was reduced to less than 1 billion USD.",
"This made the proportion of loans versus grants to Germany similar to that of France and the UK.",
"The final German loan repayment was made in 1971.",
"Since Germany chose to repay the aid debt out of the German Federal budget, leaving the German ERP fund intact, the fund was able to continue its reconstruction work.",
"By 1996 it had accumulated a value of 23 billion Deutsche Mark."
] | [
5
] |
Personal life | When did Lights get engaged? | Lights (musician) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
2
] | [
"While at a Taking Back Sunday concert, Beau Bokan, the lead vocalist of metalcore band Blessthefall, asked a mutual friend of Lights if they would introduce the two.",
"The couple started dating soon after.",
"On August 30, 2011, Lights became engaged to Bokan.",
"As his proposal, Bokan made fortune cookies for Lights, with one containing the fortune of \"Will You Marry Me?\"",
"They were married on May 12, 2012.",
"On November 4, 2013, the couple announced that Lights was pregnant with their first child via Twitter and Facebook.",
"Lights and her sister were pregnant at the same time.",
"On February 15, 2014, Lights gave birth to their daughter, Rocket Wild Bokan."
] | [
2
] |
Music video | Who did that scene where a guy goes into the water, and then at the end of the video he gets out and looks at the camera overhead? | Chasing Cars | true | 0MUSIC
| [
3,
4
] | [
"There are two music videos: one for UK, one for the US.",
"In the music video for UK, Gary Lightbody lies on open ground as cameras film him from different angles.",
"It starts raining, splashing his face and hands.",
"Gary enters a pool of water next to him and in the end of the video, he gets out of the water, rises on his feet and looks up at the camera as it zooms out overhead.",
"In the US music video, Lightbody is shown lying down in busy places while singing.",
"People ignore him and step over him.",
"Among the places he lies are a diner, an intersection, at the top of an escalator, in a subway car, at the top of a hill overlooking a highway, and at the end on a bed."
] | [
4,
3
] |
Additional main cast | Who removed the book from kirk? | Gilmore Girls | true | 1TV
| [
4
] | [
"The following characters have been promoted to main character status since season 2.",
"All additional main cast are only credited in episodes in which they appear.",
"\"*\" In the second episode of Season One ('The Lorelais' First Day at Chilton'), Sean Gunn played a character named \"Mick\", who worked for a telephone company as a DSL installer.",
"Gunn did not return as Mick, but was given a part as Kirk.",
"Also in the beginning of season one \"Mick\" or \"Kirk\" was new to Stars Hollow, not knowing who Miss Patty was, but later is known to have grown up in Stars Hollow, like when he talks about having books knocked out of his hands at as a seventh grader by Luke.",
"<br>"
] | [
3
] |
Literature | What year did Spyri die? | Switzerland | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
8
] | [
"As the Confederation, from its foundation in 1291, was almost exclusively composed of German-speaking regions, the earliest forms of literature are in German.",
"In the 18th century, French became the fashionable language in Bern and elsewhere, while the influence of the French-speaking allies and subject lands was more marked than before.",
"Among the classics of Swiss German literature are Jeremias Gotthelf (1797–1854) and Gottfried Keller (1819–1890).",
"The undisputed giants of 20th century Swiss literature are Max Frisch (1911–91) and Friedrich Dürrenmatt (1921–90), whose repertoire includes \"Die Physiker\" (The Physicists) and \"Das Versprechen\" (), released in 2001 as a Hollywood film.",
"Prominent French-speaking writers were Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) and Germaine de Staël (1766–1817).",
"More recent authors include Charles Ferdinand Ramuz (1878–1947), whose novels describe the lives of peasants and mountain dwellers, set in a harsh environment and Blaise Cendrars (born Frédéric Sauser, 1887–1961).",
"Also Italian and Romansh-speaking authors contributed but in more modest way given their small number.",
"Probably the most famous Swiss literary creation, \"Heidi\", the story of an orphan girl who lives with her grandfather in the Alps, is one of the most popular children's books ever and has come to be a symbol of Switzerland.",
"Her creator, Johanna Spyri (1827–1901), wrote a number of other books around similar themes."
] | [
0
] |
Solar activity | According to the readings from the satellites that measure the output of the Sun, is global warming due to the Sun's output? | Global warming | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
8,
1,
3,
6
] | [
"Since 1978, output from the Sun has been precisely measured by satellites.",
"These measurements indicate that the Sun's output has not increased since 1978, so the warming during the past 30 years cannot be attributed to an increase in solar energy reaching the Earth.",
"Climate models have been used to examine the role of the sun in recent climate change.",
"Models are unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades when they only take into account variations in solar output and volcanic activity.",
"Models are, however, able to simulate the observed 20th century changes in temperature when they include all of the most important external forcings, including human influences and natural forcings.",
"Another line of evidence against the sun having caused recent climate change comes from looking at how temperatures at different levels in the Earth's atmosphere have changed.",
"Models and observations show that greenhouse warming results in warming of the lower atmosphere (called the troposphere) but cooling of the upper atmosphere (called the stratosphere).",
"Depletion of the ozone layer by chemical refrigerants has also resulted in a strong cooling effect in the stratosphere.",
"If the sun were responsible for observed warming, warming of both the troposphere and stratosphere would be expected."
] | [] |
Collections | Where is it rumored that Andy Warhol bought a mummified human foot from Ancient Egypt? | Andy Warhol | false | 3ART
| [
8,
9
] | [
"Warhol was an avid collector.",
"His friends referred to his numerous collections, which filled not only his four-story townhouse, but also a nearby storage unit, as \"Andy's Stuff.\"",
"The true extent of his collections was not discovered until after his death, when the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh took in 641 boxes of his \"Stuff.",
"\"Warhol's collections included airplane menus, unpaid invoices, pizza dough, pornographic pulp novels, newspapers, stamps, supermarket flyers, and cookie jars, among other eccentricities.",
"One of his main collections was his wigs.",
"Warhol owned over forty and felt very protective of his hairpieces which were sewn by a New York wig-maker from hair imported from Italy.",
"In 1985 a girl snatched Warhol's wig off his head.",
"It was later discovered in Warhol's diary entry for that day that he wrote \"I don't know what held me back from pushing her over the balcony.",
"\"Another item found in Warhol's boxes at the museum in Pittsburgh was a mummified human foot from Ancient Egypt.",
"The curator of anthropology at Carnegie Museum of Natural History felt that Warhol most likely found it at a flea market."
] | [
4
] |
Paintings of the 1490s | What medium was The Last Supper painted in? | Leonardo da Vinci | true | 3ART
| [
8
] | [
"Leonardo's most famous painting of the 1490s is \"The Last Supper\", painted for the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria della Grazie in Milan.",
"The painting represents the last meal shared by Jesus with his disciples before his capture and death.",
"It shows specifically the moment when Jesus has just said \"one of you will betray me\".",
"Leonardo tells the story of the consternation that this statement caused to the twelve followers of Jesus.",
"The novelist Matteo Bandello observed Leonardo at work and wrote that some days he would paint from dawn till dusk without stopping to eat and then not paint for three or four days at a time.",
"This was beyond the comprehension of the prior of the convent, who hounded him until Leonardo asked Ludovico to intervene.",
"Vasari describes how Leonardo, troubled over his ability to adequately depict the faces of Christ and the traitor Judas, told the Duke that he might be obliged to use the prior as his model.",
"When finished, the painting was acclaimed as a masterpiece of design and characterisation, but it deteriorated rapidly, so that within a hundred years it was described by one viewer as \"completely ruined\".",
"Leonardo, instead of using the reliable technique of fresco, had used tempera over a ground that was mainly gesso, resulting in a surface which was subject to mold and to flaking.",
"Despite this, the painting has remained one of the most reproduced works of art, countless copies being made in every medium from carpets to cameos."
] | [
0
] |
Home media | When did Forest Gump get released on tape? | Forrest Gump | true | 6MOVIES
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Forrest Gump\" was first released on VHS tape on April 27, 1995, as a two-disc Laserdisc set on April 28, 1995, (including the \"Through the Eyes of Forrest\" special feature), before being released in a two-disc DVD set on August 28, 2001.",
"Special features included director and producer commentaries, production featurettes, and screen tests.",
"The film was released on Blu-ray disc in November 2009."
] | [
2
] |
Pink teddy bear | Where in Jane's bedroom can the damaged teddy bear be seen? | Breaking Bad | false | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"A motif within the second season is the image of a damaged teddy bear and its missing eye.",
"The teddy bear first appears at the end of the music video \"Fallacies\" for Jesse's band \"TwaüghtHammër\", which was released as a webisode in February 2009 leading to the second season.",
"The teddy bear can also be spotted on the mural on Jane's bedroom wall during the final episode of the second season, further connecting the crash to Jane.",
"It is seen in flashforwards during four episodes, the titles of which, when put together in order, form the sentence \"Seven Thirty-Seven down over ABQ\".",
"The flashforwards are shot in black and white, with the sole exception of the pink teddy bear, which is an homage to the film \"Schindler's List\", in which the color red is used to distinguish a little girl in a coat.",
"At the end of the season, Walter indirectly helps cause the midair collision of two airplanes; the pink teddy bear is then revealed to have fallen out of one of the planes and into the White family's pool.",
"Vince Gilligan called the plane accident an attempt to visualize \"all the terrible grief that Walt has wrought upon his loved ones\" and \"the judgment of God.",
"\"In the first episode of the third season, the NTSB fishes the teddy bear out of his pool and Walt later finds the missing eye in the pool filter.",
"Television critic Myles McNutt has called it \"a symbol of the damage feels responsible for,\" and \"The A.V.",
"Club\" commented that \"the pink teddy bear continues to accuse.\"",
"Fans and critics have compared the appearance of the teddy bear's face to an image of Gus Fring's face in the fourth season finale.",
"The teddy bear was auctioned off, among other memorabilia, on September 29, 2013, the air date of the show finale.",
"On October 29 of the same year, Aaron Paul posted production pictures of Cranston posing with the teddy bear on Instagram."
] | [
4
] |
Films | Which season features the most snowboarding films releases? | Snowboarding | false | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"Snowboarding films have become a main part of progression in the sport.",
"Each season, many films are released, usually in Autumn.",
"These are made by many snowboard specific video production companies as well as manufacturing companies that use these films as a form of advertisement.",
"Snowboarding videos usually contain video footage of professional riders sponsored by companies.",
"An example of commercial use of snowboarding films would be \"The White Album\", a film by snowboarding legend and filmmaker Dave Seoane about Shaun White, that includes cameos by Tony Hawk and was sponsored by PlayStation, Mountain Dew and Burton Snowboards.",
"Snowboarding films are also used as documentation of snowboarding and showcasing of current trends and styles of the sport.",
"However, sometimes the snowboarding industry is not supportive of all snowboarding-themed films.",
"In 2013, \"The Crash Reel\", a feature-length documentary by filmmaker Lucy Walker about former Shaun White rival Kevin Pearce, premiered on the film festival circuit to critical acclaim and was subsequently broadcast on HBO.",
"Using Pearce's career-ending traumatic brain injury and subsequent recovery as a backdrop, the film examines the physical dangers inherent to pro snowboarders and other extreme sports professional athletes under pressure by sponsors and the media to perform increasingly spectacular feats.",
"Although there are significant references to various brands in the film, Walker is \"adamant\" that the snowboarding industry did not sponsor the film in any way and in fact has been unsupportive, despite the film's mainstream media success."
] | [] |
Conservation | What agency oversees the conversation of Mount Rushmore? | Mount Rushmore | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"The ongoing conservation of the site is overseen by the US National Park Service.",
"Physical efforts to conserve the monument have included replacement of the sealant applied originally by Gutzon Borglum, which had proved ineffective at providing water resistance (components include linseed oil, granite dust and white lead).",
"A modern silicone replacement was used, disguised with granite dust.",
"In 1998, electronic monitoring devices were installed to track movement in the topology of the sculpture to an accuracy of 3 mm.",
"The site has been subsequently digitally recorded using a terrestrial laser scanning methodology in 2009 as part of the international Scottish Ten project, providing a record of unprecedented resolution and accuracy to inform the conservation of the site.",
"This data was made accessible online to be freely used by the wider community to aid further interpretation and public access."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Which country were the first known practical telescopes invented? | Telescope | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"A telescope is an instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light).",
"The first known practical telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century, using glass lenses.",
"They found use in terrestrial applications and astronomy.",
"Within a few decades, the reflecting telescope was invented, which used mirrors.",
"In the 20th century many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.",
"The word \"telescope\" now refers to a wide range of instruments detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.",
"The word \"\"telescope\"\" (from the Greek τῆλε, \"tele\" \"far\" and σκοπεῖν, \"skopein\" \"to look or see\"; τηλεσκόπος, \"teleskopos\" \"far-seeing\") was coined in 1611 by the Greek mathematician Giovanni Demisiani for one of Galileo Galilei's instruments presented at a banquet at the Accademia dei Lincei.",
"In the \"Starry Messenger\", Galileo had used the term \"perspicillum\"."
] | [] |
Russian military attaché's office | Where did Artamonov say he went on vacation? | Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"Apis's confession to ordering the assassination of Franz Ferdinand states that Russian Military Attaché Artamonov promised Russia's protection from Austria-Hungary if Serbia's intelligence operations became exposed and that Russia had funded the assassination.",
"Artamonov denied the involvement of his office in an interview with Albertini.",
"Artamonov stated that he went on vacation to Italy leaving Assistant Military Attaché Alexander Werchovsky in charge and though he was in daily contact with Apis he did not learn of Apis's role until after the war had ended.",
"Albertini writes that he “remained unconvinced by the behavior of this officer.” Werchovsky admitted the involvement of his office and then fell silent on the subject.",
"There is evidence that Russia was at least aware of the plot before 14 June.",
"De Schelking writes: "
] | [
4
] |
Geography | Is the Grand Canyon the deepest canyon in the world? | Grand Canyon | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"The Grand Canyon is a big fissure in the Colorado Plateau that exposes uplifted Proterozoic and Paleozoic strata, and is also one of the 19 distinct physiographic sections of the Colorado Plateau province.",
"It is not the deepest canyon in the world (Kali Gandaki Gorge in Nepal is far deeper), however, the Grand Canyon is known for its visually overwhelming size and its intricate and colorful landscape.",
"Geologically it is significant because of the thick sequence of ancient rocks that is beautifully preserved and exposed in the walls of the canyon.",
"These rock layers record much of the early geologic history of the North American continent.",
"Uplift associated with mountain formation later moved these sediments thousands of feet upward and created the Colorado Plateau.",
"The higher elevation has also resulted in greater precipitation in the Colorado River drainage area, but not enough to change the Grand Canyon area from being semi-arid.",
"The uplift of the Colorado Plateau is uneven, and the Kaibab Plateau that Grand Canyon bisects is over a thousand feet higher at the North Rim (about ) than at the South Rim.",
"Almost all runoff from the North Rim (which also gets more rain and snow) flows toward the Grand Canyon, while much of the runoff on the plateau behind the South Rim flows away from the canyon (following the general tilt).",
"The result is deeper and longer tributary washes and canyons on the north side and shorter and steeper side canyons on the south side.",
"Temperatures on the North Rim are generally lower than those on the South Rim because of the greater elevation (averaging 8,000 ft/2,438 m above sea level).",
"Heavy rains are common on both rims during the summer months.",
"Access to the North Rim via the primary route leading to the canyon (State Route 67) is limited during the winter season due to road closures."
] | [] |
Abstract | What Olympic sport has been a staple since 1912? | Modern pentathlon | true | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"The modern pentathlon is an Olympic sport that comprises five events: fencing, 200 m freestyle swimming, show jumping, and a final combined event of pistol shooting, and a 3200 m cross-country run.",
"The sport has been a core sport of the Olympic Games since 1912, and since 1949 an annual World Championship has been held.",
"Originally the competition took place over four or five days; however in 1996 a one-day format was adopted in an effort to be more audience-friendly.",
"However, modern pentathlon, despite its long Olympic history, has had to justify its inclusion in the modern Olympic Games on frequent occasions.",
"On February 11, 2013 in Lausanne, the IOC confirmed modern pentathlon once again as one of the 25 core sports of the Olympic program through until 2020.",
"The governing body, UIPM, administers the international sport in more than 90 countries in all the continents of the world."
] | [
0
] |
Music and dance | How man professional orchestras does Spain have? | Spain | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
4
] | [
"Spanish music is often considered abroad to be synonymous with flamenco, a West Andalusian musical genre, which, contrary to popular belief, is not widespread outside that region.",
"Various regional styles of folk music abound in Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Castile, the Basque Country, Galicia and Asturias.",
"Pop, rock, hip hop and heavy metal are also popular.",
"In the field of classical music, Spain has produced a number of noted composers such as Isaac Albéniz, Manuel de Falla and Enrique Granados and singers and performers such as Plácido Domingo, José Carreras, Montserrat Caballé, Alicia de Larrocha, Alfredo Kraus, Pablo Casals, Ricardo Viñes, José Iturbi, Pablo de Sarasate, Jordi Savall and Teresa Berganza.",
"In Spain there are over forty professional orchestras, including the Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona, Orquesta Nacional de España and the Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid.",
"Major opera houses include the Teatro Real,the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Teatro Arriaga and the El Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía.",
"Thousands of music fans also travel to Spain each year for internationally recognised summer music festivals Sónar which often features the top up and coming pop and techno acts, and Benicàssim which tends to feature alternative rock and dance acts.",
"Both festivals mark Spain as an international music presence and reflect the tastes of young people in the country.",
"The most popular traditional musical instrument, the guitar, originated in Spain.",
"Typical of the north are the traditional bag pipers or \"gaiteros\", mainly in Asturias and Galicia."
] | [
5
] |
Department of Asia | Which museum has the most comprehensive collection of sculpture from the Indian subcontinent in the world? | British Museum | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
2
] | [
"The scope of the Department of Asia is extremely broad, its collections of over 75,000 objects covers the material culture of the whole Asian continent (from East, South, Central and South-East Asia) and from the Neolithic up to the present day.",
"Key highlights of the collections include:",
"The most comprehensive collection of sculpture from the Indian subcontinent in the world, including the celebrated Buddhist limestone reliefs from Amaravati",
"An outstanding collection of Chinese antiquities, paintings, and porcelain, lacquer, bronze, jade, and other applied arts",
"A fine collection of Buddhist paintings from Dunhuang and the Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi (344–406 AD)",
"The most comprehensive collection of Japanese pre-20th century art in the Western world",
"The famous Sambas Treasure of buddhist gold and silver figures from west Borneo",
"Statue of Tara from Sri Lanka",
"The Kulu Vase found near the Gandhola Monastery in Himachel Pradesh",
"The Wardak Vase with its important Kharoshthi inscription",
"The colossal Amitābha Buddha from Hancui, China",
"Seated Luohan from Yixian, one from a set of eight surviving statues",
"Huixian Bronze Hu, an identical pair of bronze vessels from the Eastern Zhou Period",
"Bronze bell from Klang, Malaysia",
"Bracket figure from one of the gateways to the Great Stupa, Sanchi"
] | [] |
Naval warfare | What ship sunk a North Korean ship in the Battle of Haeju? | Korean War | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
6
] | [
"Because neither Korea had a large navy, the Korean War featured few naval battles; mostly the combatant navies served as naval artillery for their in-country armies.",
"A skirmish between North Korea and the UN Command occurred on 2 July 1950; the US Navy cruiser USS \"Juneau\", the Royal Navy cruiser HMS \"Jamaica\", and the frigate HMS \"Black Swan\" fought four North Korean torpedo boats and two mortar gunboats, and sank them.",
"During most of the war, the UN navies patrolled the west and east coasts of North Korea and sank supply and ammunition ships to deny the sea to North Korea.",
"Aside from very occasional gunfire from North Korean shore batteries, the main threat to US and UN navy ships was from magnetic mines the North Koreans employed for defensive purposes.",
"During the war, five U.S. Navy ships were lost (two minesweepers, two minesweeper escorts, and one ocean tug) all of them to mines, while 87 other warships suffered from slight to moderate damage from North Korean coastal artillery.",
"The USS \"Juneau\" sank ammunition ships that had been present in her previous battle.",
"The last sea battle of the Korean War occurred at Inchon, days before the Battle of Incheon; the ROK ship \"PC 703\" sank a North Korean mine layer in the Battle of Haeju Island, near Inchon.",
"Three other supply ships were sunk by \"PC-703\" two days later in the Yellow Sea."
] | [
0
] |
Demographics | How many people live in the territory of Hong Kong? | Hong Kong | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"The territory's population in 2011 is 7.07 million, with an average annual growth rate of 0.6% over the previous five years.",
"Residents from mainland China do not have the right of abode in Hong Kong, nor are they allowed to enter the territory freely.",
"However, the influx of immigrants from mainland China, approximating 45,000 per year, is a significant contributor to its population growth – a daily quota of 150 Mainland Chinese with family ties in Hong Kong are granted a \"one way permit\".",
"Life expectancy in Hong Kong is 79.16 years for males and 84.79 years for females as of 2009, making it one of the highest life expectancies in the world.",
"About 93.6% of the people of Hong Kong are of Chinese descent, the majority of whom are Taishanese, Chiu Chow, other Cantonese people, and Hakka.",
"Hong Kong's Han majority originate mainly from the Guangzhou and Taishan regions in Guangdong province.",
"The remaining 6.4% of the population is composed of non-ethnic Chinese.",
"There is a South Asian population of Indians, Pakistanis and Nepalese; some Vietnamese refugees have become permanent residents of Hong Kong.",
"There are also Britons, Americans, Canadians, Japanese, and Koreans working in the city's commercial and financial sector.",
"In 2008, there were an estimate of 252,500 foreign domestic helpers from Indonesia and the Philippines working in Hong Kong.",
"Hong Kong's \"de facto\" official language is Cantonese, a Chinese language originating from Guangdong province to the north of Hong Kong.",
"English is also an official language, and according to a 1996 by-census is spoken by 3.1 percent of the population as an everyday language and by 34.9 percent of the population as a second language.",
"Signs displaying both Chinese and English are common throughout the territory.",
"Since the 1997 handover, an increase in immigrants from mainland China and greater integration with the mainland economy have brought an increasing number of Mandarin speakers to Hong Kong.",
"A majority of residents of Hong Kong would claim no religious affiliation, professing a form of agnosticism or atheism.",
"According to the U.S Department of State only 43 percent of the population practices some form of religion.",
"Some figures put it higher, according to a Gallup poll, 64% of Hong Kong residents do not believe in any religion, and possibly 80% of Hong Kong claim no religion.",
"In Hong Kong teaching evolution won out in curriculum dispute about whether to teach other explanations, and that creationism and intelligent design will form no part of the senior secondary biology curriculum.",
"Hong Kong enjoys a high degree of religious freedom, guaranteed by the Basic Law.",
"Hong Kong's main religions are Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism; a local religious scholar in contact with major denominations estimates there are approximately 1.5 million Buddhists and Taoists.",
"A Christian community of around 833,000 forms about 11.7% of the total population; Protestants forms a larger number than Roman Catholics at a rate of 4:3, although smaller Christian communities exist, including the Latter-Day Saints and Jehovah's Witnesses.",
"The Anglican and Roman Catholic churches each freely appoint their own bishops, unlike in mainland China.",
"There are also Sikh, Muslim, Jewish, Hindu and Bahá'í communities.",
"The practice of Falun Gong is tolerated.",
"Statistically Hong Kong's income gap is the greatest in Asia Pacific.",
"According to a report by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in 2008, Hong Kong's Gini coefficient, at 0.53, was the highest in Asia and \"relatively high by international standards\".",
"However, the government has stressed that income disparity does not equate to worsening of the poverty situation, and that the Gini coefficient is not strictly comparable between regions.",
"The government has named economic restructuring, changes in household sizes, and the increase of high-income jobs as factors that have skewed the Gini coefficient."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | Which senator sponsored Mount Rushmore's construction? | Mount Rushmore | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
8,
7
] | [
"The Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore (Lakota Sioux name: Six Grandfathers) near Keystone, South Dakota, in the United States.",
"Sculpted by Danish-American Gutzon Borglum and his son, Lincoln Borglum, Mount Rushmore features sculptures of the heads of four United States presidents: George Washington (1732–1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), and Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865).",
"The entire memorial covers and is above sea level.",
"South Dakota historian Doane Robinson is credited with conceiving the idea of carving the likenesses of famous people into the Black Hills region of South Dakota in order to promote tourism in the region.",
"Robinson's initial idea was to sculpt the Needles; however, Gutzon Borglum rejected the Needles site because of the poor quality of the granite and strong opposition from Native American groups.",
"They settled on the Mount Rushmore location, which also has the advantage of facing southeast for maximum sun exposure.",
"Robinson wanted it to feature western heroes like Lewis and Clark, Red Cloud, and Buffalo Bill Cody, but Borglum decided the sculpture should have a more national focus and chose the four presidents whose likenesses would be carved into the mountain.",
"After securing federal funding through the enthusiastic sponsorship of \"Mount Rushmore's great political patron,\" U.S.",
"Senator Peter Norbeck, construction on the memorial began in 1927, and the presidents' faces were completed between 1934 and 1939.",
"Upon Gutzon Borglum's death in March 1941, his son Lincoln Borglum took over construction.",
"Although the initial concept called for each president to be depicted from head to waist, lack of funding forced construction to end in late October 1941.",
"Mount Rushmore has become an iconic symbol of presidential greatness and has appeared in works of fiction, and has been discussed or depicted in other popular works.",
"It attracts nearly three million people annually."
] | [] |
Trench warfare begins | From Lorraine to where was there a complete line of entrenched German forces facing Britain and France? | World War I | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
9
] | [
"Western Front.",
"Trench warfare begins.",
"Military tactics before World War I had failed to keep pace with advances in technology.",
"These advances allowed for impressive defence systems, which out-of-date military tactics could not break through for most of the war.",
"Barbed wire was a significant hindrance to massed infantry advances.",
"Artillery, vastly more lethal than in the 1870s, coupled with machine guns, made crossing open ground extremely difficult.",
"Commanders on both sides failed to develop tactics for breaching entrenched positions without heavy casualties.",
"In time, however, technology began to produce new offensive weapons, such as gas warfare and the tank.",
"Just after the First Battle of the Marne (5–12 September 1914), both Entente and German forces each continually sought to outflank the other by manoeuvering to the north: this series of manoeuvres became known as the \"Race to the Sea\".",
"When these outflanking efforts failed, Britain and France soon found themselves facing an uninterrupted line of entrenched German forces from Lorraine to Belgium's coast.",
"Britain and France sought to take the offensive, while Germany defended the occupied territories.",
"Consequently, German trenches were much better constructed than those of their enemy; Anglo-French trenches were only intended to be \"temporary\" before their forces broke through German defences.",
"Both sides tried to break the stalemate using scientific and technological advances.",
"On 22 April 1915, at the Second Battle of Ypres, the Germans (violating the Hague Convention) used chlorine gas for the first time on the Western Front.",
"Several types of gas soon became widely used by both sides, and though it never proved a decisive, battle-winning weapon, poison gas became one of the most-feared and best-remembered horrors of the war.",
"Tanks were first used in combat by the British during the Battle of Flers-Courcelette (part of the wider Somme offensive) on 15 September 1916, with only partial success.",
"However, their effectiveness would grow as the war progressed; the Germans employed only very small numbers of their own design, supplemented by captured Allied tanks."
] | [
4
] |
British Museum Press | What does the acronym BMP stand for? | British Museum | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
" Press.",
"The British Museum Press (BMP) is the publishing business and a division of the British Museum Company Ltd, a company and a charity (established in 1973) wholly owned by the Trustees of the British Museum.",
"The BMP publishes both popular and scholarly illustrated books to accompany the exhibition programme and explore aspects of the general collection.",
"Profits from their sales goes to support the British Museum.",
"Scholarly titles are published in the Research Publications series, all of which are peer-reviewed.",
"This series was started in 1978 and was originally called Occasional Papers.",
"The series is designed to disseminate research on items in the collection.",
"Between six and eight titles are published each year in this series."
] | [
0
] |
Track listing | How long is the remix of Lovelife? | Counting Stars | true | 0MUSIC
| [
2
] | [
";CD single",
" \"Counting Stars\" – 4:17",
" \"Counting Stars\" (Lovelife remix) – 3:55"
] | [
5
] |
Aviation accidents | How old was the person that siad they wanted to commit suicide in Stone Mountain? | Stone Mountain | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
1
] | [
"According to George Weiblen's annotated calendar for Monday, May 7, 1928: \"Mail plane crashed on mountain at 8:00 P.M.\"Around dusk on September 16, 2003, in clear weather, a small airplane circled the mountain five times, then crashed headlong into the south side, burst into flames and killed the pilot.",
"A witness testifying at the NTSB investigation stated that the pilot, a 69-year-old accountant, had threatened on multiple occasions to commit suicide by flying into the mountain.",
"The official NTSB accident report lists the probable cause as \"The pilot's intentional flight into the ground for the purpose of suicide while impaired by alcohol.\""
] | [
5
] |
Cast | in "Kung Fu Panda", the role of Crane is played by who? | Kung Fu Panda | true | 6MOVIES
| [
9
] | [
" Jack Black as Po, an energetic yet accident-prone giant panda.",
"He is also a die-hard fan of the Furious Five and kung fu, despite the fact that his father wants him take over the family noodle shop.",
"To everyone's surprise, Po is chosen as the Dragon Warrior by Master Oogway, and in the end he defeats Tai Lung.",
" Dustin Hoffman as Master Shifu, an old red panda who is the stern kung fu master to the Five and (unwillingly) to Po; he is troubled over mistakes in the past and is the former-master and adoptive father of Tai Lung.",
" Angelina Jolie as Tigress, a tiger and leader of the Furious Five.",
"She is the most hostile to Po when he's chosen as the Dragon Warrior, but eventually accepts him when he defeats Tai Lung.",
" Jackie Chan as Monkey, a Gee's golden langur and member of the Furious Five; he has an easygoing attitude, and like Sun Wukong, the Monkey of Chinese folktales, he is adept with a staff.",
" Lucy Liu as Viper, a Green Tree Viper and member of the Furious Five; she is kind and the most good-natured to Po when he is chosen as the Dragon Warrior.",
" Seth Rogen as Mantis, a Chinese mantis and member of the Furious Five; he is extremely strong for his size and is also experienced in acupuncture.",
" David Cross as Crane, a Red-crowned Crane and another member of the Furious Five; he tends to be both practical and sarcastic.",
" Ian McShane as Tai Lung, a muscular snow leopard, who was denied the Dragon Scroll by Master Oogway.",
"After rampaging the Valley of Peace for being denied the scroll, Tai Lung was sent to Chorh-Gom Prison for twenty years, after which he escaped and returned for revenge.",
"He is the adoptive son and former-student of Shifu.",
" Randall Duk Kim as Master Oogway, Shifu's mentor and the wise leader of the Jade Palace.",
"He is an ancient Galápagos tortoise.",
" James Hong as Mr. Ping, Po's father, a happy-go-lucky Chinese goose who runs a noodle restaurant along with his son, who is unwilling to follow in his father's footsteps.",
" Dan Fogler as Zeng, a Chinese goose who is Shifu's nervous messenger.",
" Michael Clarke Duncan as Commander Vachir, a Javan rhinoceros who is the boastful warden of Chorh-Gom Prison, where Tai Lung is imprisoned."
] | [
3
] |
Series overview | How many people were left after the invasion on "Falling Skies"? | Falling Skies | false | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"",
"\"Falling Skies\" tells the story of the aftermath of a global invasion by extraterrestrials (including mechanical attack drones called \"mechs\", a species of green-skinned six-legged beings known as \"Skitters\" that appear to control the mechs, and a third mysterious species known as the Overlords, or \"espheni\", presumably the actual engineers of the invasion and the masters of the Skitters).",
"Within a few days the invaders neutralized the world's power grid and technology, destroyed the militaries of all the world's countries, and killed over 90% of the human population.",
"The aliens' objectives are not explained, though the aliens try to round up children between the ages of 8 and 18 and attach a biomechanical obedience device onto (and into) their spines, referred to as a \"harness\".",
"The harness controls the child's mind, and forcibly removing it generally kills the child.",
"The story begins six months after the invasion and follows a group of survivors who band together to fight back.",
"The group, known as the Second Massachusetts (an allusion to a historical regiment from the Continental Army), is led by retired U.S. Army Captain Dan Weaver and Boston University history professor Tom Mason who, while in search of his son Ben, must put his extensive knowledge of military history into practice as one of the leaders of the resistance movement."
] | [
5
] |
Bacteriophages | How many types of bacteriophage are there? | Bacteria | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria.",
"Many types of bacteriophage exist, some simply infect and lyse their host bacteria, while others insert into the bacterial chromosome.",
"A bacteriophage can contain genes that contribute to its host's phenotype: for example, in the evolution of and \"Clostridium botulinum\", the toxin genes in an integrated phage converted a harmless ancestral bacterium into a lethal pathogen.",
"Bacteria resist phage infection through restriction modification systems that degrade foreign DNA, and a system that uses CRISPR sequences to retain fragments of the genomes of phage that the bacteria have come into contact with in the past, which allows them to block virus replication through a form of RNA interference.",
"This CRISPR system provides bacteria with acquired immunity to infection."
] | [
5
] |
Landing | What is a successful landing in gymastics called? | Gymnastics | true | 4SPORT
| [
5
] | [
"In an aerial routine, or any form of tumbling, landing is the final phase, following take off and flight This is a critical skill in terms of execution in competition scores, general performance, and injury occurrence.",
"Without the necessary magnitude of energy dissipation during impact, the risk of sustaining injuries during somersaulting increases.",
"These injuries commonly occur at the lower extremities and include; cartilage lesions, ligament tears, and bone bruises/fractures.",
"To avoid such injuries, and to receive a high performance score, proper technique must be used by the gymnast.",
"\"The subsequent ground contact or impact landing phase must be achieved using a safe, aesthetic and well-executed double foot landing.\"",
"A successful landing in gymnastics is classified as soft, meaning the knee and hip joints are at greater than 63 degrees of flexion.",
"A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force.",
"Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum.",
"Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing.",
"Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude.",
"With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars."
] | [
0
] |
Sports | What sport is popular in the UAE? | United Arab Emirates | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"Football is a popular sport in the UAE.",
"Emirati football clubs Al-Ain, Al-Wasl, Al-Shabbab ACD, Al-Sharjah, Al-Wahda, and Al-Ahli are the most popular teams and enjoy the reputation of long-time regional champions.",
"The United Arab Emirates Football Association was first established in 1971 and since then has dedicated its time and effort to promoting the game, organizing youth programs and improving the abilities of not only its players, but of the officials and coaches involved with its regional teams.",
"The UAE national football team qualified for the FIFA World Cup in 1990 with Egypt.",
"It was the third consecutive World Cup with two Arab nations qualifying, after Kuwait and Algeria in 1982, and Iraq and Algeria again in 1986.",
"The UAE won the Gulf Cup Championship two times.",
"They won the first cup in January 2007 held in Abu Dhabi and has won the recent cup in January 2013 held in Bahrain.",
"Cricket is one of the most popular sports in the UAE, largely because of the expatriate population from the Indian subcontinent, the United Kingdom, and Australia.",
"The Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium in Sharjah has hosted 4 international test cricket matches so far.",
"Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium in Abu Dhabi also hosted international cricket matches.",
"Dubai has two cricket stadiums (Dubai Cricket Ground No.1 and No.2) with a third, the DSC Cricket Stadium as part of Dubai Sports City.",
"Dubai is also home to the International Cricket Council.",
"The UAE national cricket team qualified for the 1996 Cricket World Cup and narrowly missed out on qualification for the 2007 Cricket World Cup.",
"Formula One is particularly popular in the United Arab Emirates, and is annually held at the picturesque Yas Marina Circuit.",
"The race is held at evening time, and is the first ever Grand Prix to start in daylight and finish at night.",
"Other popular sports include camel racing, falconry, endurance riding, and tennis."
] | [
0
] |
Astrophysics | What scientist came up with the theory of relativity? | Physics | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
6
] | [
"Astrophysics and astronomy are the application of the theories and methods of physics to the study of stellar structure, stellar evolution, the origin of the solar system, and related problems of cosmology.",
"Because astrophysics is a broad subject, astrophysicists typically apply many disciplines of physics, including mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, nuclear and particle physics, and atomic and molecular physics.",
"The discovery by Karl Jansky in 1931 that radio signals were emitted by celestial bodies initiated the science of radio astronomy.",
"Most recently, the frontiers of astronomy have been expanded by space exploration.",
"Perturbations and interference from the earth's atmosphere make space-based observations necessary for infrared, ultraviolet, gamma-ray, and X-ray astronomy.",
"Physical cosmology is the study of the formation and evolution of the universe on its largest scales.",
"Albert Einstein's theory of relativity plays a central role in all modern cosmological theories.",
"In the early 20th century, Hubble's discovery that the universe is expanding, as shown by the Hubble diagram, prompted rival explanations known as the steady state universe and the Big Bang.",
"The Big Bang was confirmed by the success of Big Bang nucleosynthesis and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background in 1964.",
"The Big Bang model rests on two theoretical pillars: Albert Einstein's general relativity and the cosmological principle.",
"Cosmologists have recently established the ΛCDM model of the evolution of the universe, which includes cosmic inflation, dark energy, and dark matter.",
"Numerous possibilities and discoveries are anticipated to emerge from new data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope over the upcoming decade and vastly revise or clarify existing models of the universe.",
"In particular, the potential for a tremendous discovery surrounding dark matter is possible over the next several years.",
"Fermi will search for evidence that dark matter is composed of weakly interacting massive particles, complementing similar experiments with the Large Hadron Collider and other underground detectors.IBEX is already yielding new astrophysical discoveries: \"No one knows what is creating the ENA (energetic neutral atoms) ribbon\" along the termination shock of the solar wind, \"but everyone agrees that it means the textbook picture of the heliosphere — in which the solar system's enveloping pocket filled with the solar wind's charged particles is plowing through the onrushing 'galactic wind' of the interstellar medium in the shape of a comet — is wrong.\""
] | [
0
] |
Anatomical theories | Who talked about Dr. Meshberger's interpretation? | The Creation of Adam | true | 3ART
| [
3
] | [
"Several hypotheses have been put forward about the meaning of \"The Creation of Adam\"'s highly original composition, many of them taking Michelangelo's well-documented expertise in human anatomy as their starting point.",
"In 1990, an Anderson, Indiana physician named Frank Lynn Meshberger, M.D.",
"noted in the medical publication the \"Journal of the American Medical Association\" that the background figures and shapes portrayed behind the figure of God appeared to be an anatomically accurate picture of the human brain.",
"Dr. Meshberger's interpretation has been discussed by Dr. Mark Lee Appler.",
"On close examination, borders in the painting correlate with major sulci of the cerebrum in the inner and outer surface of the brain, the brain stem, the frontal lobe, the basilar artery, the pituitary gland and the optic chiasm.",
"Alternatively, it has been observed that the red cloth around God has the shape of a human uterus (one art historian has called it a \"uterine mantle\"), and that the scarf hanging out, coloured green, could be a newly cut umbilical cord.",
"\"This is an interesting hypothesis that presents the Creation scene as an idealised representation of the physical birth of man.",
"It explains the navel that appears on Adam, which is at first perplexing because he was created, not born of a woman.\""
] | [
3
] |
Acts of vandalism | When did a vandal with a knife cut The Night Watch? | The Night Watch | true | 3ART
| [
0,
1
] | [
"On January 13, 1911, a man slashed the painting with a shoemaker's knife.",
"The work was attacked with a bread knife by an unemployed school teacher on September 14, 1975, resulting in several large zig-zagged slashes.",
"It was successfully restored after four years, but some evidence of the damage is still visible up close.",
"The man was never charged and committed suicide in a mental institution in April 1976.",
"On April 6, 1990, a man sprayed acid onto the painting with a concealed pump bottle.",
"Security guards intervened and water was quickly sprayed onto the canvas.",
"The acid had only penetrated the varnish layer of the painting and it was fully restored."
] | [
2
] |
Conflicts | Did Harrison walk out and quit on the group? | Let It Be | false | 0MUSIC
| [
5
] | [
"The rehearsals and recording sessions for the album did not run smoothly.",
"The acrimony that began during the recording of the previous year's \"White Album\" resumed soon after the rehearsals began.",
"The Beatles were not getting along, and Lennon and McCartney weren't working together as before.",
"McCartney assumed the role of the leader, while a laid back Lennon was more interested in spending time/making music with his soon-to-be wife Yoko Ono, who was now present in the studio with him at all times.",
"All of the factors led to friction within the band.",
"At one point, Harrison walked out and quit the group after several arguments with McCartney and a severe fall-out with Lennon, due to the former's perfectionism and the latter's growing lack of interest in the band.",
"Harrison was eventually coaxed back a few days later.",
"The film version is famous for showcasing a number of conflicts between the group members and has frequently been referred to as a documentary intended to show the making of an album but instead showing \"the break-up of a band\"."
] | [] |
Middle distance | The most prevalent middle-distance track events are what? | Track and field | true | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"The most common middle-distance track events are the 800 metres, 1500 metres and mile run, although the 3000 metres may also be classified as a middle-distance event.",
"The 880 yard run, or half mile, was the forebear of the 800 m distance and it has its roots in competitions in the United Kingdom in the 1830s.",
"The 1500 m came about as a result of running three laps of a 500 m track, which was commonplace in continental Europe in the 20th century.",
"Runners start the race from a standing position along a curved starting line and after hearing the starter's pistol they head towards the innermost track to follow the quickest route to the finish.",
"In 800 m races athletes begin at a staggered starting point before the turn in the track and they must remain in their lanes for the first 100 m of the race.",
"This rule was introduced to reduce the amount of physical jostling between runners in the early stages of the race.",
"Physiologically, these middle-distance events demand that athletes have good aerobic and anaerobic energy producing systems, and also that they have strong speed endurance.",
"The 1500 m and mile run events have historically been some of the most prestigious track and field events.",
"Swedish rivals Gunder Hägg and Arne Andersson broke each other's 1500 m and mile world records on a number of occasions in the 1940s.",
"The prominence of the distances were maintained by Roger Bannister, who (in 1954) was the first to run the long-elusive four-minute mile, and Jim Ryun's exploits served to popularise interval training.",
"Races between British rivals Sebastian Coe, Steve Ovett and Steve Cram characterised middle-distance running in 1980s.",
"From the 1990s onwards, North Africans such as Noureddine Morceli of Algeria and Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco came to dominate the 1500 and mile events.",
"Beyond the short distances of sprinting events, factors such as an athlete's reactions and top speed becomes less important, while qualities such as pace, race tactics and endurance become more so."
] | [
0
] |
Iraqi drones | While presenting to the U. N., what did Colin Powel suggest about UAVs? | 2003 invasion of Iraq | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1
] | [
"In October 2002, a few days before the US Senate vote on the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution, about 75 senators were told in closed session that the Iraqi government had the means of delivering biological and chemical weapons of mass destruction by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) drones that could be launched from ships off the US' Atlantic coast to attack US eastern seaboard cities.",
"Colin Powell suggested in his presentation to the United Nations that UAVs were transported out of Iraq and could be launched against the United States.",
"In fact, Iraq had no offensive UAV fleet or any capability of putting UAVs on ships.",
"Iraq's UAV fleet consisted of less than a handful of outdated Czech training drones.",
"At the time, there was a vigorous dispute within the intelligence community whether the CIA's conclusions about Iraq's UAV fleet were accurate.",
"The US Air Force agency denied outright that Iraq possessed any offensive UAV capability."
] | [
0
] |
In Norway | Who introduced the kebob in Norway during the 1980's? | Kebab | false | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"In Norway, the kebab was introduced by Pakistani and Turkish immigrants during the 1980s.",
"The kebab has become a symbol of immigration from the Muslim world, and speaking Norwegian with an Arab accent or with a lot of words and expressions borrowed from the Pakistani, Turkish, Arabic, and Persian languages is sometimes referred to as \"Kebabnorsk\" (Kebab Norwegian).",
"The kebabs in Norway are served in a variety of ways, commonly in fast-food shops selling both hamburgers and kebabs.",
"The kebab roll has become increasingly popular, with the kebab not served in pita bread, but rather wrapped in pizza dough (making it look like a spring roll) for easy consumption.",
"The most \"Norwegian\" kebab to date is probably the whalemeat kebab sold at the Inferno Metal Festival.",
"As of 2008, the average price of the kebab in Norway lies around 65 kroner, or about €8.",
"In Bergen the average price of a kebab is around 50 kr.",
"In Bergen kebab is most commonly served in the dürüm variety, with two types of sauces, one standard and one optional hot chili variety.",
"The Norwegian Food Safety Authority in 2007 issued a warning about cheap kebabs.",
"According to \"Verdens Gang\" they estimated that more than 80% of kebab shops in Oslo use illegally produced meat.",
"It was warned that such meat could be dangerous to eat because it could contain salmonella or other bacteria, and that it could be connected to organised crime."
] | [
3
] |
Judo versus Jujutsu | What kind of techniques did Kano reject? | Judo | false | 4SPORT
| [
4
] | [
" versus Jujutsu.",
"Central to Kano's vision for judo were the principles of and .",
"He illustrated the application of \"seiryoku zen'yō\" with the concept of :Kano realised that \"seiryoku zen'yō\", initially conceived as a Jujutsu concept, had a wider philosophical application.",
"Coupled with the Confucianist-influenced \"jita kyōei\", the wider application shaped the development of judo from a to a .",
"Kano rejected techniques that did not conform to these principles and emphasised the importance of efficiency in the execution of techniques.",
"He was convinced that practice of Jujutsu while conforming to these ideals was a route to self-improvement and the betterment of society in general.",
"He was, however, acutely conscious of the Japanese public's negative perception of Jujutsu:Kano believed that \"\"Jūjutsu\"\" was insufficient to describe his art: although means \"art\" or \"means\", it implies a method consisting of a collection of physical techniques.",
"Accordingly, he changed the second character to , meaning way, road or path, which implies a more philosophical context than \"jutsu\" and has a common origin with the Chinese concept of \"tao\".",
"Thus Kano renamed it ."
] | [
0
] |
Types of biomolecules | What is the name for the biomolecule that humans consume for health purposes? | Biomolecule | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
3
] | [
"A diverse range of biomolecules exist, including:",
" Small molecules:",
"* Lipids, polysaccharides, glycolipids, sterols, glycerolipids",
"* Vitamins",
"* Hormones, neurotransmitters",
"*Metabolites",
" Monomers, oligomers and polymers:"
] | [
0
] |
Canada | What is the process and ingredients for making peameal bacon? | Bacon | true | 9FOOD
| [
4
] | [
"An individual piece of bacon is a 'slice' or 'strip'.",
"In Canada:",
" The term bacon on its own or, more specifically, side bacon typically refers to bacon from the pig's belly.",
" Back bacon refers to either smoked or unsmoked bacon cut from the boneless eye of pork loin; this is called 'Canadian bacon' in the United States.",
" Peameal bacon is back bacon, brined and coated in fine cornmeal (historically, it was rolled in a meal made from ground dried peas)."
] | [
0
] |
Soviet Union centre – the new General Secretary | When was Michail Gorbachev elected? | Dissolution of the Soviet Union | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1
] | [
"Soviet Union centre – the new General Secretary.",
"Mikhail Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo on 11 March 1985, only three hours after Konstantin Chernenko's death.",
"At age 54, he was the youngest member of the Politburo.",
"Gorbachev's primary goal as General Secretary was to revive the Soviet economy after the stagnant Brezhnev years.",
"In an effort to revive the stagnant Soviet economy, in 1985 new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev began a process of increasing political liberalization (glasnost/perestroika) in the communist one-party state.",
"In 1985, he announced that the Soviet economy was stalled and that reorganization was needed.",
"Gorbachev soon realized that fixing the Soviet economy would be nearly impossible without reforming the political and social structure of the Communist nation.",
"The reforms began in personnel changes.",
"On 23 April 1985 Gorbachev brought his two proteges Yegor Ligachev, and Nikolai Ryzhkov into the Politburo as full members, and sensibly took the opportunity to keep the 'power' ministries happy by promoting KGB Head Viktor Chebrikov from candidate to full member of the Politburo, and appointing Minister of Defence Marshal Sergei Sokolov a Politburo candidate member.",
"Nikonov was brought into the CPSU Central Committee Secretariat.",
"However, this liberalization led to the emergence from 1986 onwards of nationalist movements and ethnic disputes within the diverse republics of the Soviet Union.",
"It also led to the revolutions of 1989, which saw the mainly peaceful (Romania excepted) toppling of the Soviet imposed Communist regimes of the Warsaw Pact, which in turn increased pressure on Gorbachev to introduce greater democracy and autonomy for the Soviet Union's constituent republics.",
"Under Gorbachev's leadership, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1989 introduced limited competitive elections to a new central legislature, the Congress of People's Deputies, although a ban on other political parties was not lifted until 1990.",
"A 17 March 1991 referendum showed 76.4% of Soviet citizens voting to retain the Union.",
"However, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia, Georgia, and Armenia did not participate.",
"In May 1985 in Leningrad Gorbachev made a speech advocating widespread reforms.",
"One of the first reforms Gorbachev introduced was the anti-alcohol campaign, begun in May 1985, which was designed to fight widespread alcoholism in the Soviet Union.",
"Prices of vodka, wine, and beer were raised, and their sales were restricted.",
"It was a serious blow to the state budget, a loss of approximately 100 billion rubles according to Alexander Yakovlev, after alcohol production migrated to the black market economy.",
"The purpose of these reforms, however, was to prop up the existing centrally planned economy, unlike later reforms, which tended toward market socialism.",
"On 1 July 1985 Gorbachev promoted Eduard Shevardnadze First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party to full member of the Politburo, and the following day appointed Shevardnadze as Minister of Foreign Affairs replacing Andrei Gromyko.",
"Gromyko, disparaged as \"Mr Nyet\" in the West, had served for 28 years as Minister of Foreign Affairs and was considered an 'old thinker' who was kicked upstairs to the mainly ceremonial position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, which was officially Soviet Head of State.",
"Also on July 1, 1985 Gorbachev took the opportunity to dispose of his main rival by removing Grigory Romanov from the Politburo, and brought Boris Yeltsin and Lev Zaikov into the CPSU Central Committee Secretariat.",
"In the fall Gorbachev continued his program to bring forward younger and more energetic men into the government.",
"On September 27, 1985 Nikolai Ryzhkov replaced 79 year old Nikolai Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, effectively the Soviet Prime Minister, and on 14 October 1985 Nikolai Talyzin replaced Nikolai Baibakov as Chairman of the State Planning Committee (GOSPLAN).",
"At the next Central Committee meeting on 15 October 1985 Tikhonov retired from the Politburo and Nikolai Talyzin became a candidate member.",
"Finally on 23 December 1985 Gorbachev appointed Boris Yeltsin First Secretary of the Moscow Communist Party replacing Viktor Grishin."
] | [
2
] |
Types of biomolecules | What type of biomolecules are consumed by humans for health purposes? | Biomolecule | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
3
] | [
"A diverse range of biomolecules exist, including:",
" Small molecules:",
"* Lipids, polysaccharides, glycolipids, sterols, glycerolipids",
"* Vitamins",
"* Hormones, neurotransmitters",
"*Metabolites",
" Monomers, oligomers and polymers:"
] | [
0
] |
Events | How many people were killed during a single day of the October revolution? | October Revolution | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
21
] | [
"On , the Bolsheviks' Central Committee voted 10-2 for a resolution saying that \"an armed uprising is inevitable, and that the time for it is fully ripe\".",
"On , Bolshevik leader Jaan Anvelt led his leftist revolutionaries in an uprising in Tallinn, the capital of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia.",
"Two days later, Bolsheviks led their forces in the uprising in Petrograd (modern day Saint Petersburg), the capital of Russia, against the Kerensky Provisional Government.",
"For the most part, the revolt in Petrograd was bloodless, with the Red Guards led by Bolsheviks taking over major government facilities with little opposition before finally launching an assault on the poorly defended Winter Palace.",
"The official Soviet version of events follows: An assault led by Vladimir Lenin was launched at 9:45 p.m. signaled by a blank shot from the cruiser \"Aurora\".",
"(The \"Aurora\" was placed in Petrograd and still stands there now.)",
"The Winter Palace was guarded by Cossacks, cadets (military students), and a Women's Battalion.",
"It was taken at about 2 a.m.",
"The earlier date was made the official date of the Revolution, when all offices except the Winter Palace had been taken.",
"More contemporary research with access to government archives significantly corrects accepted Soviet edited and embellished history.",
"The archival version shows that parties of Bolshevik operatives sent out from the Smolny by Lenin took over all critical centers of power in Petrograd in the early hours of the night without a shot being fired.",
"In fact the effectively unoccupied Winter Palace also was taken bloodlessly by a small group which broke in, got lost in the cavernous interior, and accidentally happened upon the remnants of Kerensky's provisional government in the imperial family's breakfast room.",
"The illiterate revolutionaries then compelled those arrested to write up their own arrest papers.",
"The stories of the \"defense of the Winter Palace\" and the heroic \"Storming of the Winter Palace\" came later as the creative propaganda product of Bolshevik publicists.",
"Grandiose paintings depicting the \"Women's Battalion\" and photo stills taken from Sergei Eisenstein's staged film depicting the \"politically correct\" version of the October events in Petrograd came to be taken as truth.",
"Later official accounts of the revolution from the Soviet Union would depict the events in October as being far more dramatic than they actually had been.",
"(See firsthand account by British General Knox.)",
"This was helped by the historical reenactment, entitled \"The Storming of the Winter Palace\", which was staged in 1920.",
"This reenactment, watched by 100,000 spectators, provided the model for official films made much later, which showed a huge storming of the Winter Palace and fierce fighting (See Sergei Eisenstein's \"\").",
"In reality the Bolshevik insurgents faced little or no opposition.",
"The insurrection was timed and organized to hand state power to the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, which began on 25 October.",
"After a single day of revolution eighteen people had been arrested and two had been killed."
] | [
5
] |
Critical response | Whose performance did Scott Shetler parallel "More grounded" to? | Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You) | true | 0MUSIC
| [
1,
2
] | [
"",
"\"Stronger\" received critical acclaim from contemporary critics, with many complimenting its sound and Clarkson's vocal performance.",
"Scott Shetler of \"PopCrush\" gave the song four stars out of five, lauding its strong hook and empowering message.",
"He ended his review by describing the song as \"vintage Kelly Clarkson.\"",
"Jenna Hally Rubenstein of \"MTV Buzzworthy\" compared it to \"Since U Been Gone,\" which has \"a super radio-friendly hook.\"",
"Elizabeth Lancaster of MTV Newsroom listed it as one of five key tracks in \"Stronger,\" writing \"Upbeat yet soulful, the chorus will drag you up and onto the floor to dance the heartache away alongside her.\"",
"Grady Smith of \"Entertainment Weekly\" thought that the song's \"belty pop/rock wheelhouse\" should please fans of the sound.",
"He later added that \"Clarkson might have been better off releasing \"What Doesn’t Kill You\" as the first track from \"Stronger.\"\"",
"Another positive reception came from Glenn Gamboa of \"Newsday\", who praised Clarkson for \"infusing her tales of empowerment after a breakup with her unique combo of vulnerability and sass.\"",
"Jonathan Keefe of \"Slant\" thought that the song is \"tailor-made for radio play\" and that \"the chilly electro-pop that Greg Kurstin brings to the verses, suggests a top forty version of Robyn's \"Call Your Girlfriend\" (2010).",
"On March 5, 2013 \"Billboard\" ranked the song number 2 in its list of \"Top 100 American Idol Hits of All Time\".",
"In March 2013, the song became the runner-up in an online poll \"March Madness\" voted by people, losing to \"Scream & Shout\".",
"Chris Willman of Reuters criticized the lyrics, commenting that \"Never mind how tired that tune's titular phrase is.",
"For a laugh, look up the YouTube video in which some wag mashed together a medley of 30 different songs that already borrowed \"That which does not kill me makes me stronger\" as a lyrical hook.\"",
"Kevin Ritchie from Now Magazine emphasized that the lyrics are \"about as clichéd as a mission statement can get, but it also makes for a solid pop song.\"",
"Robert Copsey of \"Digital Spy\" gave the song four stars out of five, writing \"The message behind her song may already be a well-worn, almost cliched lesson, but as she continues to prove, there's little shame in coming out with the expected.\""
] | [] |
Solar astronomy | What is believed to have caused the Little Ice Age phenomenon in the Middle Ages? | Astronomy | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
8
] | [
"Specific subfields.",
"Solar astronomy.",
"At a distance of about eight light-minutes, the most frequently studied star is the Sun, a typical main-sequence dwarf star of stellar class G2 V, and about 4.6 billion years (Gyr) old.",
"The Sun is not considered a variable star, but it does undergo periodic changes in activity known as the sunspot cycle.",
"This is an 11-year fluctuation in sunspot numbers.",
"Sunspots are regions of lower-than- average temperatures that are associated with intense magnetic activity.",
"The Sun has steadily increased in luminosity over the course of its life, increasing by 40% since it first became a main-sequence star.",
"The Sun has also undergone periodic changes in luminosity that can have a significant impact on the Earth.",
"The Maunder minimum, for example, is believed to have caused the Little Ice Age phenomenon during the Middle Ages.",
"The visible outer surface of the Sun is called the photosphere.",
"Above this layer is a thin region known as the chromosphere.",
"This is surrounded by a transition region of rapidly increasing temperatures, and finally by the super-heated corona.",
"At the center of the Sun is the core region, a volume of sufficient temperature and pressure for nuclear fusion to occur.",
"Above the core is the radiation zone, where the plasma conveys the energy flux by means of radiation.",
"Above that are the outer layers that form a convection zone where the gas material transports energy primarily through physical displacement of the gas.",
"It is believed that this convection zone creates the magnetic activity that generates sun spots.",
"A solar wind of plasma particles constantly streams outward from the Sun until, at the outermost limit of the solar system, it reaches the heliopause.",
"This solar wind interacts with the magnetosphere of the Earth to create the Van Allen radiation belts about the Earth, as well as the aurora where the lines of the Earth's magnetic field descend into the atmosphere."
] | [
0
] |
Prehistory | What years do fossils at Zhoukoudian date back to? | China | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
1
] | [
"Archaeological evidence suggests that early hominids inhabited China between 250,000 and 2.24 million years ago.",
"A cave in Zhoukoudian (near present-day Beijing) exhibits hominid fossils dated at between 680,000 and 780,000 BCE.",
"The fossils are of Peking Man, an example of \"Homo erectus\" who used fire.",
"The Peking Man site has also yielded remains of \"Homo sapiens\" dating back to 18,000–11,000 BCE.",
"Some scholars assert that a form of proto-writing existed in China as early as 3000 BCE.",
"According to Chinese tradition, the first imperial dynasty was the Xia, which emerged around 2070 BCE.",
"However, the dynasty was considered mythical by historians until scientific excavations found early Bronze Age sites at Erlitou, Henan in 1959.",
"It remains unclear whether these sites are the remains of the Xia Dynasty or of another culture from the same period."
] | [
0
] |
History | What literature was the word proton first used in? | Proton | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
21
] | [
"The concept of a hydrogen-like particle as a constituent of other atoms was developed over a long period.",
"As early as 1815, William Prout proposed that all atoms are composed of hydrogen atoms (which he called \"protyles\"), based on a simplistic interpretation of early values of atomic weights (see Prout's hypothesis), which was disproved when more accurate values were measured.",
"In 1886, Eugen Goldstein discovered canal rays (also known as anode rays) and showed that they were positively charged particles (ions) produced from gases.",
"However, since particles from different gases had different values of charge-to-mass ratio (e/m), they could not be identified with a single particle, unlike the negative electrons discovered by J. J. Thomson.",
"Following the discovery of the atomic nucleus by Ernest Rutherford in 1911, Antonius van den Broek proposed that the place of each element in the periodic table (its atomic number) is equal to its nuclear charge.",
"This was confirmed experimentally by Henry Moseley in 1913 using X-ray spectra.",
"In 1917, (in experiments reported in 1919) Rutherford proved that the hydrogen nucleus is present in other nuclei, a result usually described as the discovery of the proton.",
"Rutherford had earlier learned to produce hydrogen nuclei as a type of radiation produced as a product of the impact of alpha particles on hydrogen gas, and recognize them by their unique penetration signature in air and their appearance in scintillation detectors.",
"These experiments were begun when Rutherford had noticed that, when alpha particles were shot into air (mostly nitrogen), his scintillation detectors showed the signatures of typical hydrogen nuclei as a product.",
"After experimentation Rutherford traced the reaction to the nitrogen in air, and found that when alphas were produced into pure nitrogen gas, the effect was larger.",
"Rutherford determined that this hydrogen could have come only from the nitrogen, and therefore nitrogen must contain hydrogen nuclei.",
"One hydrogen nucleus was being knocked off by the impact of the alpha particle, producing oxygen-17 in the process.",
"This was the first reported nuclear reaction, 14N + α → 17O + p. (This reaction would later be observed happening directly in a cloud chamber in 1925).",
"Rutherford knew hydrogen to be the simplest and lightest element and was influenced by Prout's hypothesis that hydrogen was the building block of all elements.",
"Discovery that the hydrogen nucleus is present in all other nuclei as an elementary particle, led Rutherford to give the hydrogen nucleus a special name as a particle, since he suspected that hydrogen, the lightest element, contained only one of these particles.",
"He named this new fundamental building block of the nucleus the \"proton,\" after the neuter singular of the Greek word for \"first\", πρῶτον.",
"However, Rutherford also had in mind the word \"protyle\" as used by Prout.",
"Rutherford spoke at the British Association for the Advancement of Science at its Cardiff meeting beginning 24 August 1920.",
"Rutherford was asked by Oliver Lodge for a new name for the positive hydrogen nucleus to avoid confusion with the neutral hydrogen atom.",
"He initially suggested both \"proton\" and \"prouton\" (after Prout).",
"Rutherford later reported that the meeting had accepted his suggestion that the hydrogen nucleus be named the \"proton\", following Prout's word \"protyle\".",
"The first use of the word \"proton\" in the scientific literature appeared in 1920."
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