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Quantum mechanics and classical physics | How different are Quantum interference and classical waves? | Quantum mechanics | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
6
] | [
" and classical physics.",
"Predictions of quantum mechanics have been verified experimentally to an extremely high degree of accuracy.",
"According to the correspondence principle between classical and quantum mechanics, all objects obey the laws of quantum mechanics, and classical mechanics is just an approximation for large systems of objects (or a statistical quantum mechanics of a large collection of particles).",
"The laws of classical mechanics thus follow from the laws of quantum mechanics as a statistical average at the limit of large systems or large quantum numbers.",
"However, chaotic systems do not have good quantum numbers, and quantum chaos studies the relationship between classical and quantum descriptions in these systems.",
"Quantum coherence is an essential difference between classical and quantum theories as illustrated by the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) paradox — an attempt to disprove quantum mechanics by an appeal to local realism.",
"Quantum interference involves adding together \"probability amplitudes\", whereas classical \"waves\" infer that there is an adding together of \"intensities\".",
"For microscopic bodies, the extension of the system is much smaller than the coherence length, which gives rise to long-range entanglement and other nonlocal phenomena characteristic of quantum systems.",
"Quantum coherence is not typically evident at macroscopic scales, though an exception to this rule may occur at extremely low temperatures (i.e.",
"approaching absolute zero) at which quantum behavior may manifest itself macroscopically.",
"This is in accordance with the following observations:",
" Many macroscopic properties of a classical system are a direct consequence of the quantum behavior of its parts.",
"For example, the stability of bulk matter (consisting of atoms and molecules which would quickly collapse under electric forces alone), the rigidity of solids, and the mechanical, thermal, chemical, optical and magnetic properties of matter are all results of the interaction of electric charges under the rules of quantum mechanics.",
" While the seemingly \"exotic\" behavior of matter posited by quantum mechanics and relativity theory become more apparent when dealing with particles of extremely small size or velocities approaching the speed of light, the laws of classical, often considered \"Newtonian\", physics remain accurate in predicting the behavior of the vast majority of \"large\" objects (on the order of the size of large molecules or bigger) at velocities much smaller than the velocity of light."
] | [
5
] |
Howard's mother | How is Howard's mother captured as the typical Jewish mother stereotype? | The Big Bang Theory | true | 1TV
| [
1
] | [
"In scenes set at Howard's home in which he interacts with his never-seen mother (voiced by Carol Ann Susi), he always does so via shouting conversations between the rooms in his house, and she similarly interacts with other characters in this manner, though she did appear momentarily in the overhead photo of Howard and Bernadette's wedding and from the side in \"The Spoiler Alert Segmentation\" episode, though her face was not shown.",
"She reflects the Jewish mother stereotype in some ways, such as being overly controlling of Howard's adult life and sometimes trying to make him feel guilty about causing her trouble.",
"She is dependent on Howard, as she requires him to help her with her wig and makeup in the morning.",
"Howard in turn is attached to his mother to the point where she still cuts his meat for him, takes him to the dentist, does his laundry and \"grounds\" him when he returns home after briefly moving out.",
"Until Howard's marriage to Bernadette in the fifth season finale, Howard's former living situation led Leonard's psychiatrist mother to speculate that he may suffer from some type of pathology, and Sheldon to refer to their relationship as Oedipal.",
"Her tendency to communicate with Howard by shouting between rooms has led Bernadette and Raj to do impressions of her, and Bernadette to attempt to communicate with her in one episode by imitating her style of shouting."
] | [
5
] |
In rabbinical literature | Who was Bathsheba's grandfather? | Bathsheba | false | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"Bathsheba was the granddaughter of Ahithophel, David's famous counselor.",
"The Haggadah states that Ahithophel, was misled by his knowledge of astrology into believing himself destined to become king of Israel.",
"He therefore induced Absalom to commit an unpardonable crime (II Sam.",
"xvi.",
"21), which sooner or later would have brought with it, according to Jewish law, the penalty of death; the motive for this advice being to remove Absalom, and thus to make a way for himself to the throne.",
"His astrological information had been, however, misunderstood by him; for in reality it only predicted that his granddaughter, Bathsheba, the daughter of his son Eliam, would become queen (Sanh.",
"101b, YalḲ.",
"Sam.",
"§ 150).",
"The Midrash portrays the influence of Satan bringing about the sinful relation of David and Bathsheba as follows: Bathsheba was bathing, perhaps behind a screen of wickerwork.",
"Satan is depicted as coming in the disguise of a bird.",
"David, shooting at the bird, strikes the screen, splitting it; thus Bathsheba is revealed in her beauty to David (Sanhedrin 107a)."
] | [
3
] |
Types | Which therapy is delivered right after cancer is surgically removed? | Radiation therapy | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
7
] | [
"Historically, the three main divisions of radiation therapy are external beam radiation therapy (EBRT or XRT) or teletherapy, brachytherapy or sealed source radiation therapy, and systemic radioisotope therapy or unsealed source radiotherapy.",
"The differences relate to the position of the radiation source; external is outside the body, brachytherapy uses sealed radioactive sources placed precisely in the area under treatment, and systemic radioisotopes are given by infusion or oral ingestion.",
"Brachytherapy can use temporary or permanent placement of radioactive sources.",
"The temporary sources are usually placed by a technique called afterloading.",
"In afterloading a hollow tube or applicator is placed surgically in the organ to be treated, and the sources are loaded into the applicator after the applicator is implanted.",
"This minimizes radiation exposure to health care personnel.",
"Particle therapy is a special case of external beam radiation therapy where the particles are protons or heavier ions.",
"Intraoperative radiation therapy or IORT is a special type of radiation therapy that is delivered immediately after surgical removal of the cancer.",
"This method has been employed in breast cancer (TARGeted Introperative radiation therapy or TARGIT), brain tumors and rectal cancers."
] | [] |
Early National Park Service years (1933–1982) | How did the Statue of Liberty commemorate D-Day in June 1944? | Statue of Liberty | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
10
] | [
"Early National Park Service years (1933–1982).",
"In 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt ordered the statue transferred to the National Park Service (NPS).",
"In 1937, the NPS gained jurisdiction over the rest of Bedloe's Island.",
"With the Army's departure, the NPS began to transform the island into a park.",
"The Works Progress Administration (WPA) demolished most of the old buildings, regraded and reseeded the eastern end of the island, and built granite steps for a new public entrance to the statue from its rear.",
"The WPA also carried out restoration work within the statue, temporarily removing the rays from the statue's halo so their rusted supports could be replaced.",
"Rusted cast-iron steps in the pedestal were replaced with new ones made of reinforced concrete; the upper parts of the stairways within the statue were replaced, as well.",
"Copper sheathing was installed to prevent further damage from rainwater that had been seeping into the pedestal.",
"The statue was closed to the public from May until December 1938.",
"During World War II, the statue remained open to visitors, although it was not illuminated at night due to wartime blackouts.",
"It was lit briefly on December 31, 1943, and on D-Day, June 6, 1944, when its lights flashed \"dot-dot-dot-dash\", the Morse code for V, for victory.",
"New, powerful lighting was installed in 1944–1945, and beginning on V-E Day, the statue was once again illuminated after sunset.",
"The lighting was for only a few hours each evening, and it was not until 1957 that the statue was illuminated every night, all night.",
"In 1946, the interior of the statue within reach of visitors was coated with a special plastic so that graffiti could be washed away.",
"In 1956, an Act of Congress officially renamed Bedloe's Island as Liberty Island, a change advocated by Bartholdi generations earlier.",
"The act also mentioned the efforts to found an American Museum of Immigration on the island, which backers took as federal approval of the project, though the government was slow to grant funds for it.",
"Nearby Ellis Island was made part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument by proclamation of President Lyndon Johnson in 1965.",
"In 1972, the immigration museum, in the statue's base, was finally opened in a ceremony led by President Richard Nixon.",
"The museum's backers never provided it with an endowment to secure its future and it closed in 1991 after the opening of an immigration museum on Ellis Island.",
"Beginning December 26, 1971, 15 anti-Vietnam war veterans occupied the statue, flying a US flag upside down from her crown.",
"They left December 28 following a Federal Court order.",
"The statue was also several times taken over briefly by demonstrators publicizing causes such as Puerto Rican independence, opposition to abortion, and opposition to US intervention in Grenada.",
"Demonstrations with the permission of the Park Service included a Gay Pride Parade rally and the annual Captive Baltic Nations rally.",
"A powerful new lighting system was installed in advance of the American Bicentennial in 1976.",
"The statue was the focal point for Operation Sail, a regatta of tall ships from all over the world that entered New York Harbor on July 4, 1976, and sailed around Liberty Island.",
"The day concluded with a spectacular display of fireworks near the statue."
] | [
5
] |
Homosexuals | Who created the Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion? | The Holocaust | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"Between 5,000 and 15,000 homosexuals of German nationality are estimated to have been sent to concentration camps.",
"James D. Steakley writes that what mattered in Germany was criminal intent or character, rather than criminal acts, and the \"\"gesundes Volksempfinden\"\" (\"healthy sensibility of the people\") became the leading normative legal principle.",
"In 1936, Himmler created the Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion.",
"Homosexuality was declared contrary to \"wholesome popular sentiment,\" and homosexuals were consequently regarded as \"defilers of German blood.\"",
"The Gestapo raided gay bars, tracked individuals using the address books of those they arrested, used the subscription lists of gay magazines to find others, and encouraged people to report suspected homosexual behavior and to scrutinize the behavior of their neighbors.",
"Tens of thousands were convicted between 1933 and 1944 and sent to camps for \"rehabilitation\", where they were identified by yellow armbands and later pink triangles worn on the left side of the jacket and the right trouser leg, which singled them out for sexual abuse.",
"Hundreds were castrated by court order.",
"They were humiliated, tortured, used in hormone experiments conducted by SS doctors, and killed.",
"Steakley writes that the full extent of gay suffering was slow to emerge after the war.",
"Many victims kept their stories to themselves because homosexuality remained criminalized in postwar Germany.",
"Around two percent of German homosexuals were persecuted by Nazis."
] | [
3
] |
Abstract | When was the chocolate brownie popularized? | Chocolate brownie | false | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"A chocolate brownie is a flat, baked square or bar developed in the United States at the end of the 19th century and popularized in both the U.S. and Canada during the first half of the 20th century.",
"The brownie is a cross between a cake and a cookie in texture.",
"Brownies come in a variety of forms.",
"They are either fudgy or cakey, depending on their density, and they may include nuts, frosting, whipped cream, chocolate chips, or other ingredients.",
"A variation that is made with brown sugar and no chocolate is called a blondie.",
"Brownies are common lunchbox fare, typically eaten by hand, and often accompanied by milk or coffee.",
"They are sometimes served warm with ice cream (à la mode), topped with whipped cream or marzipan, or sprinkled with powdered sugar.",
"They are especially popular in restaurants, where they can be found in variation on many dessert menus."
] | [
2
] |
Japanese declaration of war | How was the message transmitted? | Attack on Pearl Harbor | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3
] | [
"The attack took place before any formal declaration of war was made by Japan, but this was not Admiral Yamamoto's intention.",
"He originally stipulated that the attack should not commence until thirty minutes after Japan had informed the United States that peace negotiations were at an end.",
"The Japanese tried to uphold the conventions of war while still achieving surprise, but the attack began before the notice could be delivered.",
"Tokyo transmitted the 5,000-word notification (commonly called the \"14-Part Message\") in two blocks to the Japanese Embassy in Washington, but transcribing the message took too long for the Japanese ambassador to deliver it in time.",
"(In fact, U.S. code breakers had already deciphered and translated most of the message hours before he was scheduled to deliver it.)",
"The final part of the \"14 Part Message\" is sometimes described as a declaration of war.",
"While it neither declared war nor severed diplomatic relations, it was viewed by a number of senior U.S government and military officials as a very strong indicator that negotiations were likely to be terminated and that war might break out at any moment.",
"A declaration of war was printed on the front page of Japan's newspapers in the evening edition of December 8, but not delivered to the U.S. government until the day after the attack.",
"For decades, conventional wisdom held that Japan attacked without any official warning of a break in relations only because of accidents and bumbling that delayed the delivery of a document hinting at war to Washington.",
"In 1999, however, Takeo Iguchi, a professor of law and international relations at International Christian University in Tokyo, discovered documents that pointed to a vigorous debate inside the government over how, and indeed whether, to notify Washington of Japan's intention to break off negotiations and start a war, including a December 7 entry in the war diary saying, \"our deceptive diplomacy is steadily proceeding toward success.\"",
"Of this, Iguchi said, \"The diary shows that the army and navy did not want to give any proper declaration of war, or indeed prior notice even of the termination of negotiations ... and they clearly prevailed.\""
] | [
5
] |
Major conurbations | How many settlements have been designated city status in England? | England | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
3
] | [
"The Greater London Urban Area is by far the largest urban area in England and one of the busiest cities in the world.",
"It is considered a global city and has a population larger than other countries in the United Kingdom besides England itself.",
"Other urban areas of considerable size and influence tend to be in northern England or the English Midlands.",
"There are fifty settlements which have been designated city status in England, while the wider United Kingdom has sixty-six.",
"While many cities in England are quite large in size, such as Birmingham, Sheffield, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Newcastle, Bradford, Nottingham and others, a large population is not necessarily a prerequisite for a settlement to be afforded city status.",
"Traditionally the status was afforded to towns with diocesan cathedrals and so there are smaller cities like Wells, Ely, Ripon, Truro and Chichester.",
"According to the Office for National Statistics the ten largest, continuous built-up urban areas are:"
] | [
5
] |
By composition | How many protons and neutrons is the atomic nucleus of helium-4 composed of? | Subatomic particle | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
7
] | [
"The elementary particles of the Standard Model include:",
"Six \"flavors\" of quarks: up, down, bottom, top, strange, and charm;",
"Six types of leptons: electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tau, tau neutrino;",
"Twelve gauge bosons (force carriers): the photon of electromagnetism, the three W and Z bosons of the weak force, and the eight gluons of the strong force;",
"The Higgs boson.",
"Various extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of an elementary graviton particle and many other elementary particles.",
"Composite subatomic particles (such as protons or atomic nuclei) are bound states of two or more elementary particles.",
"For example, a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark, while the atomic nucleus of helium-4 is composed of two protons and two neutrons.",
"Composite particles include all hadrons: these include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons (such as pions and kaons)."
] | [
5
] |
Casting | In the role of Naomi Bennett, who was Merrin Dungey replaced with? | Private Practice (TV series) | false | 1TV
| [
0
] | [
"On , it was announced by ABC that Merrin Dungey, who played the role of Naomi Bennett, would be replaced by four time Tony winner Audra McDonald.",
"ABC gave no reason for this change.",
"On , it was announced that a new character, played by KaDee Strickland, had been added to the main cast.",
"Tony Award Winner Idina Menzel appeared in two episodes during the second season.",
"Menzel was married to \"Private Practice\" star Taye Diggs.",
"David Sutcliffe, Jayne Brook, and Josh Hopkins also appeared in \"Private Practice\"."
] | [
3
] |
Cryogenic | How is ice cream frozen and hardened? | Ice cream | true | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"Using liquid nitrogen to freeze ice cream is an old idea and has been used for many years to harden ice cream.",
"The use of liquid nitrogen in the primary freezing of ice cream, that is to effect the transition from the liquid to the frozen state without the use of a conventional ice cream freezer, has only recently started to see commercialization.",
"Some commercial innovations have been documented in the National Cryogenic Society Magazine \"Cold Facts\".",
"The most noted brands are Dippin' Dots, Blue Sky Creamery, Project Creamery, and Sub Zero Cryo Creamery.",
"The preparation results in a column of white condensed water vapor cloud, reminiscent of popular depictions of witches' cauldrons.",
"The ice cream, dangerous to eat while still \"steaming\", is allowed to rest until the liquid nitrogen is completely vaporised.",
"Sometimes ice cream is frozen to the sides of the container, and must be allowed to thaw.",
"Making ice cream with liquid nitrogen has advantages over conventional freezing.",
"Due to the rapid freezing, the crystal grains are smaller, giving the ice cream a creamier texture, and allowing one to get the same texture by using less milkfat.",
"Such ice crystals will grow very quickly via the processes of recrystallization, thereby obviating the original benefits unless steps are taken to inhibit ice crystal growth.",
"For similar reasons, good results can also be achieved with the more readily available \"dry ice\" and authors such as Heston Blumenthal have published recipes to produce ice cream and sorbet using a simple blender."
] | [
5
] |
Mercury | Which planet is closest to the Sun? | Solar System | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
" Mercury (0.4 AU from the Sun) is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest planet in the Solar System (0.055 Earth masses).",
"Mercury has no natural satellites, and its only known geological features besides impact craters are lobed ridges or rupes, probably produced by a period of contraction early in its history.",
"Mercury's almost negligible atmosphere consists of atoms blasted off its surface by the solar wind.",
"Its relatively large iron core and thin mantle have not yet been adequately explained.",
"Hypotheses include that its outer layers were stripped off by a giant impact; or, that it was prevented from fully accreting by the young Sun's energy."
] | [] |
Health | Why did local pregnant women protest? | Hong Kong | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
10
] | [
"There are 13 private hospitals and more than 40 public hospitals in Hong Kong.",
"There is little interaction between public and private healthcare.",
"The hospitals offer a wide range of healthcare services, and some of the territory's private hospitals are considered to be world class.",
"According to UN estimates, Hong Kong has one of the longest life expectancy of any country or territory in the world.",
"As of 2012, Hong Kong women are the longest living demographic group in the world.",
"There are two medical schools in the territory, one based at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the other at the University of Hong Kong.",
"Both have links with public sector hospitals.",
"With respect to postgraduate education, traditionally many doctors in Hong Kong have looked overseas for further training, and many took British Royal College exams such as the MRCP(UK) and the MRCS(UK).",
"However, Hong Kong has been developing its own postgraduate medical institutions, in particular the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine, and this is gradually taking over the responsibility for all postgraduate medical training in the territory.",
"Since 2011, there have been growing concerns that mothers-to-be from mainland China, in a bid to obtain the right of abode in Hong Kong and the benefits that come with it, have saturated the neonatal wards of the city's hospitals both public and private.",
"This has led to protest from local pregnant women for the government to remedy the issue, as they have found difficulty in securing a bed space for giving birth and routine check-ups.",
"Other concerns in the decade of 2001–2010 relate to the workload medical staff experience; and medical errors and mishaps, which are frequently highlighted in local news."
] | [
1
] |
Climate | Which season is warmest in south-east England? | United Kingdom | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
4
] | [
"The United Kingdom has a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round.",
"The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below or rising above .",
"The prevailing wind is from the south-west and bears frequent spells of mild and wet weather from the Atlantic Ocean, although the eastern parts are mostly sheltered from this wind since the majority of the rain falls over the western regions the eastern parts are therefore the driest.",
"Atlantic currents, warmed by the Gulf Stream, bring mild winters; especially in the west where winters are wet and even more so over high ground.",
"Summers are warmest in the south-east of England, being closest to the European mainland, and coolest in the north.",
"Heavy snowfall can occur in winter and early spring on high ground, and occasionally settles to great depth away from the hills."
] | [] |
Abstract | How is a luge defined? | Luge | true | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"A luge is a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleds supine (face up) and feet-first.",
"Steering is done by flexing the sled's runners with the calf of each leg or exerting opposite shoulder pressure to the seat.",
"Racing sleds weigh 21–25 kilograms (46–55 lb) for singles and 25–30 kilograms (55–66 lb) for doubles.",
"Luge is also the name of an Olympic sport.",
"Lugers can reach speeds of 140 km per hour (87 mph).",
"Manuel Pfister of Austria, reached a top speed of 154 km per hour (95.69 mph) on the track in Whistler, Canada prior to the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics.",
"Lugers compete against a timer and are timed to a thousandth of a second, making luge one of the most precisely timed sports in the world.",
"The first recorded use of the term \"luge\" is 1905, from the Savoy/Swiss dialect of French \"luge\" meaning \"small coasting sled\", and is possibly from a Gaulish word with the same root as English sled."
] | [
5
] |
Broadcast history | What was the air time of Private Practice? | Private Practice (TV series) | true | 1TV
| [
9
] | [
"On , the backdoor pilot of \"Private Practice\" aired on ABC, the pilot was in the double episode of \"Grey's Anatomy\" entitled \"The Other Side of This Life\", and gave a brief description of the characters in \"Private Practice\".",
"The cast included Amy Brenneman, Paul Adelstein, Tim Daly, Taye Diggs, Chris Lowell, and Merrin Dungey.",
"The 2-hour episode averaged 21 million viewers, 1.9 million more viewers than \"Grey's Anatomy's\" third season 19.1 million viewers-per-episode average at the time of its airing.",
"The episode was also No.",
"1 in the 9:00 pm and 10:00 pm timeslots.",
"On , it was announced, on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\", that \"Private Practice\" was part of ABC's 2007 fall line-up.",
"The first TV promo for the series aired during the season finale of \"Grey's Anatomy\", on .",
"The series premiere aired on , averaging 14.41 million viewers being the most watched show in its time slot.",
"The series premiered on British television on , on LIVING.",
"It was later moved to Thursday at 10:00 pm after \"Grey's Anatomy\" during mid-season 2009, to make room for the return of \"Lost\"."
] | [
0
] |
Indoor netball | Are there multiple types of indoor netballs? | Netball | true | 4SPORT
| [
2,
3
] | [
"Indoor netball.",
"Indoor netball is a variation of netball, played exclusively indoors, in which the playing court is surrounded on each side and overhead by a net.",
"The net prevents the ball from leaving the court, permitting faster play by reducing playing stoppages.",
"Different forms of indoor netball exist.",
"In a seven-per-side version called \"action netball\", seven players per team play with rules similar to netball.",
"However, a game is split into 15-minute halves with a three-minute break in between.",
"This version is played in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and England.",
"A six-per-side version of the sport is also played in New Zealand.",
"Two Centres per team can play in the whole court except the shooting circles; the remaining attacking and defending players are each restricted to one half of the court, including the shooting circles.",
"The attacking and Centre players may shoot from outside the shooting circle for a two-point goal.",
"A five-per-side game is also common in indoor netball.",
"Players can move throughout the court, with the exception of the shooting circles, which are restricted to certain attacking or defending players."
] | [] |
Setting the ball | How much time should expected after a foul before the continuation of play in water polo? | Water polo | true | 4SPORT
| [
8,
9
] | [
"The key to the offense is to accurately pass (or \"set\") the ball into the center forward or hole set, positioned directly in front of the goal (\"the hole\").",
"Any field player may throw the hole set a \"wet pass.\"",
"A wet pass is one that hits the water just outside of the hole set's reach.",
"A dry pass may also be used.",
"This is where the hole set receives the ball directly in his hand and then attempts a shot at the cage.",
"This pass is much more difficult because if the pass is not properly caught, the officials will be likely to call an offensive foul resulting in a change of ball possession.",
"The hole set attempts to take possession of the ball a wet pass, to shoot at the goal, or to draw a foul from his defender.",
"A minor foul is called if his defender (called the \"hole D\") attempts to impede movement before the hole set has possession.",
"The referee indicates the foul with one short whistle blow and points one hand to the spot of the foul and the other hand in the direction of the attack of the team to whom the free throw has been awarded.",
"The hole set then has a \"reasonable amount of time\" (typically about three seconds) to re-commence play by making a free pass to one of the other players.",
"The defensive team cannot hinder the hole set until the free throw has been taken, but the hole set cannot shoot a goal once the foul has been awarded until the ball has been played by at least one other player.",
"If the hole set attempts a goal without the free throw, the goal is not counted and the defense takes possession of the ball, unless the shot is made outside the 5-meter line.",
"As soon as the hole set has a free pass, the other attacking players attempt to swim (or \"drive\") away from their defenders towards the goal.",
"The players at the flat position will attempt to set a screen (also known as a pick) for the driver.",
"If a driver gets free from a defender, the player calls for the pass from the hole set and attempts a shot at the goal."
] | [
5
] |
Rugby within international tournaments | In what year did the US accomplish it's first victory at the Rugby union? | Rugby union | true | 4SPORT
| [
4
] | [
"Rugby union was played at the Olympic Games in 1900, 1908, 1920 and 1924.",
"As per Olympic rules, the nations of Scotland, Wales and England were not allowed to play separately as they are not sovereign states.",
"In 1900, France won the gold, beating Great Britain 27 points to 8 and defeating Germany 27 points to 17.",
"In 1908, Australasia defeated Great Britain, claiming the gold medal, the score being 32 points to three.",
"In 1920, the United States, fielding a team with many players new to the sport of rugby, upset France in a shock win, eight points to zero.",
"In 1924, the United States again defeated France 17 to 3, becoming the only team to win gold twice in the sport.",
"In 2009 the International Olympic Committee voted with a majority of 81 to 8 that rugby union be reinstated as an Olympic sport in at least the 2016 and 2020 games, but in the sevens, 4-day tournament format.",
"This is something the rugby world has aspired to for a long time and Bernard Lapasset, president of the International Rugby Board, said the Olympic gold medal would be considered to be \"the pinnacle of our sport\" (Rugby Sevens).",
"Rugby sevens has been played at the Commonwealth Games since the 1998 Games in Kuala Lumpur.",
"The present gold medal holders are New Zealand who have won the competition on four successive occasions.",
"Rugby union has also been an Asian Games event since the 1998 games in Bangkok, Thailand.",
"In the 1998 and 2002 editions of the games, both the usual fifteen-a-side variety and rugby sevens were played, but from 2006 onwards, only rugby sevens was retained.",
"In 2010, the women's rugby sevens event was introduced.",
"The event is likely to remain a permanent fixture of the Asian Games due to elevation of rugby sevens as an Olympic sport from the 2016 Olympics onwards.",
"The present gold medal holders in the sevens tournament, held in 2010, are Japan in the male event and Kazakhstan in the women's."
] | [
0
] |
Cultural significance | Who are symbolized by the chili in Rendang? | Rendang | false | 9FOOD
| [
4
] | [
"Rendang is revered in Minangkabau culture as an embodiment of the philosophy of \"musyawarah\", discussion and consultation with elders.",
"It has been claimed that the four main ingredients represent Minangkabau society as a whole :",
" The meat (\"dagiang\") symbolizes the \"Niniak Mamak\", the traditional clan leaders, such as the datuk, the nobles, royalty and revered elders.",
" The coconut milk (\"karambia\") symbolizes the \"Cadiak Pandai\", intellectuals, teachers, poets and writers.",
" The chili (\"lado\") symbolizes the \"Alim Ulama\", clerics, \"ulama\" and religious leaders.",
"The hotness of the chili symbolizes sharia.",
" The spice mixture (\"pemasak\") symbolizes the rest of Minangkabau society.",
"In Minangkabau tradition, rendang is a requisite dish for special occasions in traditional Minang ceremonies, from birth ceremonies to circumcision, marriage, Qur'an recitals and religious festivals such as Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha."
] | [
3
] |
Poland | What percent of the aircraft became mobilized? | Invasion of Poland | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
16
] | [
"Between 1936 and 1939, Poland invested heavily in the Central Industrial Region.",
"Preparations for a defensive war with Germany were ongoing for many years, but most plans assumed fighting would not begin before 1942.",
"To raise funds for industrial development, Poland sold much of the modern equipment it produced.",
"In 1936, a National Defence Fund was set up to collect funds necessary for strengthening the Polish Armed forces.",
"The Polish Army had approximately a million soldiers, but less than half were mobilized by 1 September.",
"Latecomers sustained significant casualties when public transport became targets of the \"Luftwaffe\".",
"The Polish military had fewer armored forces than the Germans, and these units, dispersed within the infantry, were unable to effectively engage the enemy.",
"Experiences in the Polish-Soviet War shaped Polish Army organizational and operational doctrine.",
"Unlike the trench warfare of World War I, the Polish-Soviet War was a conflict in which the cavalry's mobility played a decisive role.",
"Poland acknowledged the benefits of mobility but was unable to invest heavily in many of the expensive, unproven inventions since then.",
"In spite of this, Polish cavalry brigades were used as a mobile mounted infantry and had some successes against both German infantry and cavalry.",
"The Polish Air Force (\"Lotnictwo Wojskowe\") was at a severe disadvantage against the German \"Luftwaffe\", although it was not destroyed on the ground early on as is commonly believed.",
"The Polish Air Force lacked modern fighters, but its pilots were among the world's best trained, as proven a year later in the Battle of Britain, in which the Poles played a major part.",
"Overall, the Germans enjoyed numerical and qualitative aircraft superiority.",
"Poland had only about 600 aircraft, of which only 37 P-37 \"Łoś\" bombers were modern and comparable to its German counterparts.",
"The Polish Air Force had roughly 185 PZL P.11 and some 95 PZL P.7 fighters, 175 PZL.23 \"Karaś\" Bs, 35 \"Karaś\" As, and by September, over 100 PZL.37s were produced.",
"However, for the September Campaign, only some 70% of those aircraft were mobilized.",
"Only 36 PZL.37s were deployed.",
"All those aircraft were of indigenous Polish design, with the bombers being more modern than fighters, according to the Ludomił Rayski air force expansion plan, which relied on a strong bomber force.",
"The Polish fighters were a generation older than their German counterparts; the PZL P.11 fighter—produced in the early 1930s—had a top speed of only , far less than German bombers.",
"To compensate, the pilots relied on its maneuverability and high diving speed.",
"The tank force consisted of two armored brigades, four independent tank battalions and some 30 companies of TKS tankettes attached to infantry divisions and cavalry brigades.",
"The Polish Navy was a small fleet of destroyers, submarines and smaller support vessels.",
"Most Polish surface units followed Operation Peking, leaving Polish ports on 20 August and escaping by way of the North Sea to join with the British Royal Navy.",
"Submarine forces participated in Operation Worek, with the goal of engaging and damaging German shipping in the Baltic Sea, but they had much less success.",
"In addition, many merchant marine ships joined the British merchant fleet and took part in wartime convoys."
] | [
0
] |
Artificial tracks | How fast do lugers usually race? | Luge | true | 4SPORT
| [
13
] | [
"Artificial luge tracks have specially-designed and -constructed banked curves plus walled-in straights.",
"Most tracks are artificially refrigerated, but artificial tracks without artificial cooling also exist (for example, in St. Moritz).",
"Tracks tend to be very smooth.",
"The athletes ride in a flat, aerodynamic position on the sled, keeping their heads low to minimize air resistance.",
"They steer the sled mainly with their calves by applying pressure on the runners--right calf to turn left, left calf to turn right.",
"It takes a precise mix of shifting body weight, applying pressure with calves and rolling the shoulders.",
"There are also handles for minor adjustments.",
"A successful luger maintains complete concentration and relaxation on the sled while traveling at high speeds.",
"Most lugers \"visualize\" the course in their minds before sliding.",
"Fastest times result from following the perfect \"line\" down the track.",
"Any slight error, such as a brush of the wall, costs time.",
"Track conditions are also important.",
"Softer ice tends to slow speeds, while harder ice tends to lead to faster times.",
"Lugers race at speeds averaging 120–145 km/h (75–90 mph) around high banked curves while experiencing a centripetal acceleration of up to 5g.",
"Men's Singles have their start locations near where the bobsled and skeleton competitors start at most tracks, while both the Doubles and Women's Singles competition have their starthouse located further down the track.",
"Artificial track luge is the fastest and most agile sledding sport."
] | [
5
] |
Description and rules | Where are the goal posts located? | Netball | false | 4SPORT
| [
4
] | [
"The objective of a game is to score more goals than the opposition.",
"Goals are scored when a team member positioned in the attacking shooting circle shoots the ball through the goal ring.",
"The goal rings are in diameter and sit atop -high goal posts that have no backboards.",
"A -radius semi-circular \"shooting circle\" is an area at each end of the court.",
"The goal posts are located within the shooting circle.",
"Each team defends one shooting circle and attacks the other.",
"The netball court is long, wide, and divided lengthwise into thirds.",
"The ball is usually made of leather or rubber, measures in circumference, and weighs .",
"A normal game consists of four 15-minute quarters and can be played outdoors or in a covered stadium.",
"Each team is allowed seven players on the court.",
"Each player is assigned a specific position, which limits their movement to a certain area of the court.",
"A \"bib\" worn by each player contains a two letter abbreviation of indicating this position.",
"Only two positions are permitted in the attacking shooting circle, and can therefore shoot for a goal.",
"Similarly, only two positions are permitted in the defensive shooting circle; they try to prevent the opposition from shooting goals.",
"Other players are restricted to two thirds of the court, with the exception of the Centre, who may move anywhere on the court except for a shooting circle.",
"At the beginning of every quarter and after a goal has been scored, play starts with a player in the centre position passing the ball from the centre of the court.",
"These \"centre passes\" alternate between the teams, regardless of which team scored the last goal.",
"When the umpire blows the whistle to restart play, four players from each team can move into the centre third to receive the pass.",
"The centre pass must be caught or touched in the centre third.",
"The ball is then moved up and down the court through passing and must be touched by a player in each adjacent third of the court.",
"Players can hold the ball for only three seconds at any time.",
"It must be released before the foot they were standing on when they caught it touches the ground again.",
"Contact between players is only permitted if it does not impede an opponent or the general play.",
"When defending a pass or shot players must be at least away from the player with the ball.",
"If illegal contact is made, the player who contacted cannot participate in play until the player taking the penalty has passed or shot the ball.",
"If the ball is held in two hands and either dropped or a shot at goal is missed, the same player cannot be the first to touch it unless it first rebounds off the goal."
] | [
4
] |
Conquest (1519) | What was introduced by Spanish conquerors unintentionally that led to the death of millions of Aztecs starting in the 1520s? | Mexico | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
5
] | [
"Conquest (1519).",
"The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire began in February 1519 when Hernán Cortés arrived at the port in Veracruz with ca.",
"500 conquistadores, and later moved on to the Aztec capital.",
"On his search for gold and other riches, Cortés decided to invade and conquer the Aztec empire.",
"The ruler of the Aztec empire upon the arrival of the Spaniards was Moctezuma II, who was later killed; his successor and brother Cuitláhuac took control of the Aztec empire, but was among the first to fall from the smallpox epidemic a short time later.",
"Unintentionally introduced by Spanish conquerors, smallpox ravaged Mesoamerica in the 1520s, killing more than 3 million Aztecs.",
"Other sources, however, mentioned that the death toll of the Aztecs might have reached up to 15 million (out of a population of less than 30 million).",
"Severely weakened, the Aztec empire was easily defeated by Cortés and his forces on his second return.",
"Smallpox was a devastating and selective disease—it generally killed Aztecs but not Spaniards, who as Europeans had already been exposed to it for centuries and were therefore much more immune to it.",
"The deaths caused by smallpox are believed to have triggered a rapid growth of Christianity in Mexico and the Americas.",
"At first, the Aztecs believed the epidemic was a punishment from an angry god, but they later accepted their fate and no longer resisted the Spanish rule.",
"Many of the surviving Aztecs blamed the cause of smallpox to the superiority of the Christian god, which resulted in the acceptance of Catholicism and yielding to the Spanish rule throughout Mexico.",
"The territory became part of the Spanish Empire under the name of New Spain.",
"Mexico City was systematically rebuilt by Cortés following the Fall of Tenochtitlan in 1521.",
"Much of the identity, traditions and architecture of Mexico were created during the colonial period."
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | Which song was the inspiration behind the writing of "Somebody That I Used to Know"? | Somebody That I Used to Know | true | 0MUSIC
| [
5
] | [
"\"Somebody That I Used to Know\" is a song written and recorded by Belgian-Australian singer-songwriter Gotye, featuring New Zealand singer/guitarist Kimbra.",
"The song was released in Australia and New Zealand by on 5 July 2011 as the second single from Gotye's third studio album, \"Making Mirrors\" (2011).",
"It was later released by Universal Music in December 2011 in the United Kingdom, and in January 2012 in the United States and Ireland.",
"\"Somebody That I Used To Know\" was written and recorded by Gotye at his parents' house on the Mornington Peninsula in Victoria and is lyrically related to the experiences he has had with relationships.",
"\"Somebody That I Used to Know\" is a mid-tempo, indie pop ballad.",
"It samples Luiz Bonfá's song \"Seville\" from his 1967 album \"Luiz Bonfa Plays Great Songs\".",
"The song received positive reception from critics, who noted the similarities between the song and works by Sting, Peter Gabriel and American folk band Bon Iver.",
"The song won the Triple J Hottest 100 poll at the end of 2011, as well as ARIA Awards for song of the year and best video, while Kimbra was voted best female artist and Gotye was named best male artist and producer of the year.",
"In 2013 the song won two Grammy Awards for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Record of the Year, and came ninth in the Triple J Hottest 100 of the Past 20 Years, 2013.",
"Commercially, \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" became Gotye's most successful and signature song.",
"It topped the US, UK, Australian as well as 23 other national charts, and reached the top 10 in more than 30 countries around the world.",
"The song has sold more than 13 million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling digital singles of all time.",
"It was also placed at the top of a number of year-end charts by \"Billboard Magazine\" (including the Hot 100, Adult Pop Songs, and Alternative Songs) and other record chart companies around the world.",
"\"Somebody That I Used To Know\" has been performed several times live on shows such as \"The Voice\", \"American Idol\" and \"Saturday Night Live\".",
"It was covered by Canadian indie rock group Walk off the Earth using a single guitar played simultaneously by all five band members.",
"The original single's accompanying music video was directed by Natasha Pincus.",
"The video premiered on 30 July 2011 and shows Gotye and Kimbra naked against a white backdrop, and while they sing, a pattern of paint gradually covers his skin and the backdrop via stop motion animation."
] | [] |
Nucleosides and nucleotides | What are the common things in DNA and RNA? | Biomolecule | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
3
] | [
"Nucleosides are molecules formed by attaching a nucleobase to a ribose or deoxyribose ring.",
"Examples of these include cytidine (C), uridine (U), adenosine (A), guanosine (G), thymidine (T) and inosine (I).",
"Nucleosides can be phosphorylated by specific kinases in the cell, producing nucleotides.",
"Both DNA and RNA are polymers, consisting of long, linear molecules assembled by polymerase enzymes from repeating structural units, or monomers, of mononucleotides.",
"DNA uses the deoxynucleotides C, G, A, and T, while RNA uses the ribomucleotides (which have an extra hydroxyl(OH) group on the pentose ring) C, G, A, and U.",
"Modified bases are fairly common (such as with methyl groups on the base ring), as found in ribosomal RNA or transfer RNAs or for discriminating the new from old strands of DNA after replication.",
"Each nucleotide is made of an acyclic nitrogenous base, a pentose and one to three phosphate groups.",
"They contain carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and phosphorus.",
"They serve as sources of chemical energy (adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate), participate in cellular signaling (cyclic guanosine monophosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate), and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions (coenzyme A, flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)."
] | [
0
] |
Live performances | When did One Direction perform "What makes you beautiful" for the first time? | What Makes You Beautiful | false | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" for the first time on \"Red or Black?\"",
"on 10 September 2011.",
"The performance started with hosts Ant & Dec announcing that the band was supposedly running late for their appearance, and cut to a video of One Direction boarding a London Tube carriage full of fans, as the studio version of the song began playing.",
"Each fan on the tube was given a numbered ticket.",
"The band and fans disembarked the tube and made their way to the television studio, where the remainder of the song was sung live.",
"After the song, Styles caught a numbered ticket raining onstage.",
"The number corresponded to a ticket held by a fan from the tube; the colour of the fan's shirt was the correct answer for the \"Red or Black?\"",
"challenge.",
"The band performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" after its B-side, \"Na Na Na\", at the BBC Radio 1 Teen Awards on 9 October 2011.",
"The band also performed the song to open telethon \"Children in Need 2011\" on 19 November 2011.",
"After \"Gotta Be You\" and \"One Thing\", One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at Capital FM's \"Jingle Bell Ball\" on 4 December 2011, at The O2 Arena.",
"They performed a medley of \"She Makes Me Wanna\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" with JLS on the \"The X Factor\" eighth series final on 10 December 2011.",
"The group performed \"One Thing\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" on \"Dancing on Ice\" on 5 February 2012.",
"In Italy, the band performed the song at the 2012 Sanremo Music Festival on 14 February 2012.",
"In France, they performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\" on \"Le Grand Journal\" on 22 February 2012.",
"In the United States, One Direction performed the song along with \"More than This\" and \"One Thing\" for the first time on \"The Today Show\" at the Rockefeller Center on 12 March 2012.",
"An estimated 15,000 fans descended on the plaza.",
"Melissa Lonner, senior entertainment producer for \"The Today Show\", said: \"One Direction is relatively unknown with no hits yet.",
"They basically exploded, and all the adults are saying, 'Who are these people, and how do they know about it?'\".",
"They also performed the song at the 2012 Kids' Choice Awards on 31 March 2012.",
"One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\" on the NBC comedy television show \"Saturday Night Live\" on 7 April 2012, and also appeared in a comedy sketch with Sofía Vergara.",
"In Australia, they performed \"One Thing\" and \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at the 54th Logie Awards, where they also presented an award for \"Most Popular New Female Talent\" on 15 April 2012.",
"On 12 August 2012, One Direction performed \"What Makes You Beautiful\" at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in London, which represented the handover to Rio de Janeiro as the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics.",
"It was included on the set list of the group's headlining sold-out show at Madison Square Garden on 3 December 2012.",
"One Direction performed the song on two of their major concert tours: Up All Night Tour (2011–12) and Take Me Home Tour (2013)."
] | [
2,
0
] |
Cast | Laura Bishop was portrayed by what actress? | Moonrise Kingdom | false | 6MOVIES
| [
5
] | [
"Jared Gilman as Sam Shakusky",
"Kara Hayward as Suzy Bishop",
"Bruce Willis as Captain Duffy Sharp",
"Edward Norton as Scout Master Randy Ward",
"Bill Murray as Walt Bishop",
"Frances McDormand as Laura Bishop",
"Tilda Swinton as Social Services",
"Jason Schwartzman as Cousin Ben",
"Bob Balaban as Narrator",
"Harvey Keitel as Commander Pierce",
"Rob Campbell as Deluca",
"Larry Pine as Mr. Billingsley",
"Seamus Davey-Fitzpatrick as Roosevelt",
"Chandler Frantz as Gadge",
"Charlie Kilgore as Lazy-Eye",
"Andreas Sheikh as Panagle",
"L.J.",
"Foley as Izod"
] | [
0
] |
Abstract | What is the science of analyzing small objects called? | Microscope | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"A microscope (from the , \"mikrós\", \"small\" and , \"skopeîn\", \"to look\" or \"see\") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye.",
"The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy.",
"Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope.",
"There are many types of microscopes, the most common and first to be invented is the optical microscope which uses light to image the sample.",
"Other major types of microscopes are the electron microscope (both the transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope) and the various types of scanning probe microscope."
] | [
0
] |
Team officials | Who let's team officials enter the handball court? | Handball | true | 4SPORT
| [
6
] | [
"Each team is allowed to have a maximum of four team officials seated on the benches.",
"An official is anybody who is neither player nor substitute.",
"One official must be the designated representative who is usually the team manager.",
"The representative may call a team timeout once every period and may address the scorekeeper, timekeeper, and referees.",
"As of 2012, the representative may call a total of three team timeouts, with a maximum of two per period.",
"Other officials typically include physicians or managers.",
"Neither official is allowed to enter the playing court without the permission of the referees."
] | [
3
] |
Critical reception | What did the New York Daily News say about The New Normal? | The New Normal (TV series) | true | 1TV
| [
7
] | [
"",
"\"The New Normal\" received a 60 out of 100 aggregate score, based on 32 critics' responses, indicating \"mixed or average\" reception at Metacritic.",
"Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\" called it a \"surprisingly touching comedy,\" adding \"For the most part, \"Normal\" plays like a lovely, small movie, mixing humorous moments with sweet, gentle grace notes.",
"At its best, it plays like a Woody Allen film, something you may notice most when secondary characters stop and explain themselves to the camera.\"",
"Linda Stasi of the \"New York Post\" thought the series was \"pretty darned good,\" adding \"\"The New Normal\" finds its game when it's funny without trying so hard and sweet when it should be.",
"At times \"Normal\" is so touching you might pull out a tissue, or maybe a diaper.\"",
"Ken Tucker of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the series a B grade, saying it contains \"a mixture of sarcasm and sentimentality that isn't remotely realistic, but can be funny.\"",
"David Hinckley of the \"New York Daily News\" called the series \"a bumpy ride,\" adding \"\"The New Normal\" wants what \"Modern Family\" is having.",
"But if we're going to catapult from \"South Park\" to a Hallmark movie, we need a smoother ride.",
"\"On August 24, 2012, representatives from KSL-TV, the NBC affiliate in Salt Lake City, Utah, announced the station, which is owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, would not carry \"The New Normal\", citing content they believed to be inappropriate for broadcast during the family hour.",
"KUCW, the state's CW affiliate, picked up the series and aired it on Saturday nights.",
"The show has been criticised for perpetuating racial stereotypes and using a person born intersex as an object of derision."
] | [
0
] |
References in other media | Which novel by Marcel Proust features a protagonist that is working on an essay? | Johannes Vermeer | false | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"In the first volume of Marcel Proust's novel \"In Search of Lost Time\", entitled \"Swann's Way\", the protagonist Charles Swann is said to be working on an extended essay concerning Vermeer's art.",
"In addition, Vermeer's \"View of Delft\" features in a pivotal sequence of a later volume, \"The Captive\", in the same work.",
"A Vermeer painting plays a key part of the dénouement in Agatha Christie's \"After the Funeral\" (1953).",
"Susan Vreeland's novel \"Girl in Hyacinthe Blue\" follows eight individuals with a relationship to a painting of Vermeer.",
"The young adult novel \"Chasing Vermeer\" by Blue Balliett centers around the fictitious theft of Vermeer's \"A Lady Writing\".",
"J.P. Smith's novel, \"The Discovery of Light\", deals largely with Vermeer.",
"The character of Barney, in Thomas Harris's novel \"Hannibal\" (1999), has a goal to see every Vermeer painting in the world before he dies.",
"Tracy Chevalier's novel \"Girl with a Pearl Earring\" and the film of the same name (2003) are named after the painting; they present a fictional account of its creation by Vermeer and his relationship with the (equally fictional) model.",
"The film was nominated for Oscars in cinematography, art direction, and costume design.",
"Peter Greenaway's film \"A Zed & Two Noughts\" (1985) contains a plot line about an orthopedic surgeon named Van Meegeren who stages highly exact scenes from Vermeer paintings in order to paint copies of them.",
"The Dutch composer Louis Andriessen based his opera \"Writing to Vermeer\" (1997–98, libretto by Peter Greenaway) on the domestic life of Vermeer.",
"The song \"No One Was Like Vermeer\" from the 2008 album Because Her Beauty Is Raw and Wild by Boston singer-songwriter Jonathan Richman pays tribute to Vermeer's painstaking technique.",
"Richman also references Vermeer in his song \"Vincent Van Gogh\" and both songs are frequently part of Richman's live performances.",
"\"Jan Vermeer\" is a rockabilly song written by Bob Walkenhorst for his solo album \"The Beginner\".",
"David Olney's song \"Mister Vermeer\" on his 2010 album \"Dutchman's Curve\" imagines Vermeer's unrequited love for the subject of Girl with a Pearl Earring.",
"Historian Timothy Brook's \"\" (2007) examines six of Vermeer's paintings for evidence of world trade and globalization during the Dutch Golden Age.",
"The 2013 documentary film \"Tim's Vermeer\" follows inventor Tim Jenison's examination on his theory that Vermeer used optical devices to assist in generating his realistic images"
] | [] |
Based on FA rules | Do you need a three sided football? | Football | false | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
" Cubbies",
" Three sided football",
" Triskelion"
] | [] |
Etymology | Name an entree that is like lasagne but not as large. | Lasagne | true | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"In the Ancient Rome, there was a dish similar to the lasagne called \"lasana\" or \"lasanum\" (Latin word for \"container\", \"pot\") described in the book \"L'arte culinaria\" by Marcus Gavius Apicius, but the word could have a more ancient origin.",
"The first theory is that \"lasagne\" comes from Greek λάγανον (\"laganon\"), a flat sheet of pasta dough cut into strips.",
"The word λαγάνα (\"lagana\") is still used in Greek to mean a flat thin type of unleavened bread.",
"Another theory is that the word lasagne comes from the Greek λάσανα (\"lasana\") or λάσανον (\"lasanon\") meaning \"trivet or stand for a pot\", \"chamber pot\".",
"The Romans borrowed the word as \"lasanum\", meaning \"cooking pot\" in Latin.",
"The Italians used the word to refer to the dish in which lasagne is made.",
"Later the name of the food took on the name of the serving dish.",
"A third theory proposed that the dish is a development of the 14th century English recipe \"Loseyn\" as described in \"The Forme of Cury\", a cook book in use during the reign of Richard II.",
"This has similarities to modern lasagne in both its recipe, which features a layering of ingredients between pasta sheets, and its name.",
"An important difference is the lack of tomatoes, which did not arrive in Europe until after Columbus reached America in 1492.",
"The earliest discussion of the tomato in European literature appeared in a herbal written in 1544 by Pietro Andrea Mattioli while the earliest discovered cookbook with tomato recipes was published in Naples in 1692, though the author had apparently obtained these recipes from Spanish sources.",
"As with most other types of pasta, the word is a plural form, \"lasagne\" meaning more than one sheet of \"lasagna\"."
] | [] |
Characteristics | What is the Arepa? | Arepa | false | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"The \"arepa\" is a flat, round, unleavened patty made of soaked, ground kernels of maize, or—more frequently nowadays—maizemeal or maize flour which can be grilled, baked, fried, boiled or steamed, etc.",
"The characteristics vary by color, flavor, size, and the food with which it may be stuffed, depending on the region.",
"\"Arepa\" is a native sort of bread made of ground maize (or flour), water, and salt which is fried or grilled into a thick bread.",
"It can be topped or filled with meat, eggs, tomatoes, salad, cheese, shrimp, or fish depending on the meal.",
"Breakfast egg or cheese are the most common arepa fillings.",
"There are several recipes for fillings."
] | [
0
] |
Reception | According to Sight & Sound, what was the films ranking? | This Is Not a Film | true | 6MOVIES
| [
3
] | [
"",
"\"This Is Not a Film\" has garnered critical acclaim.",
"Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 99% based on reviews from 88 critics, with an average rating of 8.9/10, and the site's consensus is: \"Through simple means and filming, This is Not a Film presents a vital political statement and a snapshot of life in Iran as enemy of the state.\"",
"Sight & Sound film magazine listed this at #8 on its list of best film of 2012.",
"Calling \"This Is Not A Film\" one of the top 10 movies of 2012, critic Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post said the movie \"uses Brechtian staging, blurred lines between documentary and drama, and an iPhone to explore the notion of physical and political boundaries, the aesthetic and technological contours of cinema, and the enduring power of self-expression.\"",
"Critic A. O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" rated \"This Is Not a Film\" the fourth best documentary of 2012.",
"He called the film a \"brave and witty video diary, an essay on the struggle between political tyranny and the creative imagination.\"",
"In December 2012 it was shortlisted as one of 15 films eligible for Best Documentary Feature at the 85th Academy Awards."
] | [
0
] |
Orbital variations | The depths of oceans have a lag time in changing tempature True or False? | Climate change | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
7
] | [
"External forcing mechanisms.",
"Orbital variations.",
"Slight variations in Earth's orbit lead to changes in the seasonal distribution of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface and how it is distributed across the globe.",
"There is very little change to the area-averaged annually averaged sunshine; but there can be strong changes in the geographical and seasonal distribution.",
"The three types of orbital variations are variations in Earth's eccentricity, changes in the tilt angle of Earth's axis of rotation, and precession of Earth's axis.",
"Combined together, these produce Milankovitch cycles which have a large impact on climate and are notable for their correlation to glacial and interglacial periods, their correlation with the advance and retreat of the Sahara, and for their appearance in the stratigraphic record.",
"The IPCC notes that Milankovitch cycles drove the ice age cycles, CO2 followed temperature change \"with a lag of some hundreds of years,\" and that as a feedback amplified temperature change.",
"The depths of the ocean have a lag time in changing temperature (thermal inertia on such scale).",
"Upon seawater temperature change, the solubility of CO2 in the oceans changed, as well as other factors impacting air-sea CO2 exchange."
] | [] |
History | Where did the word "proton" first appear? | Proton | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
21
] | [
"The concept of a hydrogen-like particle as a constituent of other atoms was developed over a long period.",
"As early as 1815, William Prout proposed that all atoms are composed of hydrogen atoms (which he called \"protyles\"), based on a simplistic interpretation of early values of atomic weights (see Prout's hypothesis), which was disproved when more accurate values were measured.",
"In 1886, Eugen Goldstein discovered canal rays (also known as anode rays) and showed that they were positively charged particles (ions) produced from gases.",
"However, since particles from different gases had different values of charge-to-mass ratio (e/m), they could not be identified with a single particle, unlike the negative electrons discovered by J. J. Thomson.",
"Following the discovery of the atomic nucleus by Ernest Rutherford in 1911, Antonius van den Broek proposed that the place of each element in the periodic table (its atomic number) is equal to its nuclear charge.",
"This was confirmed experimentally by Henry Moseley in 1913 using X-ray spectra.",
"In 1917, (in experiments reported in 1919) Rutherford proved that the hydrogen nucleus is present in other nuclei, a result usually described as the discovery of the proton.",
"Rutherford had earlier learned to produce hydrogen nuclei as a type of radiation produced as a product of the impact of alpha particles on hydrogen gas, and recognize them by their unique penetration signature in air and their appearance in scintillation detectors.",
"These experiments were begun when Rutherford had noticed that, when alpha particles were shot into air (mostly nitrogen), his scintillation detectors showed the signatures of typical hydrogen nuclei as a product.",
"After experimentation Rutherford traced the reaction to the nitrogen in air, and found that when alphas were produced into pure nitrogen gas, the effect was larger.",
"Rutherford determined that this hydrogen could have come only from the nitrogen, and therefore nitrogen must contain hydrogen nuclei.",
"One hydrogen nucleus was being knocked off by the impact of the alpha particle, producing oxygen-17 in the process.",
"This was the first reported nuclear reaction, 14N + α → 17O + p. (This reaction would later be observed happening directly in a cloud chamber in 1925).",
"Rutherford knew hydrogen to be the simplest and lightest element and was influenced by Prout's hypothesis that hydrogen was the building block of all elements.",
"Discovery that the hydrogen nucleus is present in all other nuclei as an elementary particle, led Rutherford to give the hydrogen nucleus a special name as a particle, since he suspected that hydrogen, the lightest element, contained only one of these particles.",
"He named this new fundamental building block of the nucleus the \"proton,\" after the neuter singular of the Greek word for \"first\", πρῶτον.",
"However, Rutherford also had in mind the word \"protyle\" as used by Prout.",
"Rutherford spoke at the British Association for the Advancement of Science at its Cardiff meeting beginning 24 August 1920.",
"Rutherford was asked by Oliver Lodge for a new name for the positive hydrogen nucleus to avoid confusion with the neutral hydrogen atom.",
"He initially suggested both \"proton\" and \"prouton\" (after Prout).",
"Rutherford later reported that the meeting had accepted his suggestion that the hydrogen nucleus be named the \"proton\", following Prout's word \"protyle\".",
"The first use of the word \"proton\" in the scientific literature appeared in 1920."
] | [
4
] |
Energy | How much energy does the US use per year? | United States | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"The United States energy market is 29,000 terawatt hours per year.",
"Energy consumption per capita is 7.8 tons of oil equivalent per year, the 10th highest rate in the world.",
"In 2005, 40% of this energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 22% from natural gas.",
"The remainder was supplied by nuclear power and renewable energy sources.",
"The United States is the world's largest consumer of petroleum.",
"For decades, nuclear power has played a limited role relative to many other developed countries, in part because of public perception in the wake of a 1979 accident.",
"In 2007, several applications for new nuclear plants were filed.",
"The United States has 27% of global coal reserves.",
"It is the world's largest producer of natural gas and crude oil."
] | [
5
] |
Difference between classical and modern physics | Quantum field theory unified what two theory's? | Physics | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
5
] | [
"While physics aims to discover universal laws, its theories lie in explicit domains of applicability.",
"Loosely speaking, the laws of classical physics accurately describe systems whose important length scales are greater than the atomic scale and whose motions are much slower than the speed of light.",
"Outside of this domain, observations do not match their predictions.",
"Albert Einstein contributed the framework of special relativity, which replaced notions of absolute time and space with spacetime and allowed an accurate description of systems whose components have speeds approaching the speed of light.",
"Max Planck, Erwin Schrödinger, and others introduced quantum mechanics, a probabilistic notion of particles and interactions that allowed an accurate description of atomic and subatomic scales.",
"Later, quantum field theory unified quantum mechanics and special relativity.",
"General relativity allowed for a dynamical, curved spacetime, with which highly massive systems and the large-scale structure of the universe can be well-described.",
"General relativity has not yet been unified with the other fundamental descriptions; several candidate theories of quantum gravity are being developed."
] | [
0
] |
Boundaries | When was the Anglo-American Convention? | Louisiana Purchase | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
9
] | [
"A dispute immediately arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana.",
"The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor the 1800 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.",
"The United States claimed Louisiana included the entire western portion of the Mississippi River drainage basin to the crest of the Rocky Mountains and land extending southeast to the Rio Grande and West Florida.",
"Spain insisted that Louisiana comprised no more than the western bank of the Mississippi River and the cities of New Orleans and St. Louis.",
"The dispute was ultimately resolved by the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, with the United States gaining most of what it had claimed in the west.",
"The relatively narrow Louisiana of New Spain had been a special province under the jurisdiction of the Captaincy General of Cuba while the vast region to the west was in 1803 still considered part of the Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas.",
"Louisiana had never been considered to be one of New Spain's internal provinces.",
"If the territory included all the tributaries of the Mississippi on its western bank, the northern reaches of the Purchase extended into the equally ill-defined British possession—Rupert's Land of British North America, now part of Canada.",
"The Purchase originally extended just beyond the 50th parallel.",
"However, the territory north of the 49th parallel (including the Milk River and Poplar River watersheds) was ceded to the UK in exchange for parts of the Red River Basin south of 49th parallel in the Anglo-American Convention of 1818.",
"The eastern boundary of the Louisiana purchase was the Mississippi River, from its source to the 31st parallel, although the source of the Mississippi was, at the time, unknown.",
"The eastern boundary below the 31st parallel was unclear; the U.S. claimed the land as far as the Perdido River, and Spain claimed the border of its Florida Colony remained the Mississippi river.",
"In early 1804, Congress passed the Mobile Act which recognized West Florida as being part of the United States.",
"The Adams–Onís Treaty with Spain (1819) resolved the issue upon ratification in 1821.",
"Today, the 31st parallel is the northern boundary of the western half of the Florida Panhandle, and the Perdido is the western boundary of Florida.",
"Because the western boundary was contested at the time of the Purchase, President Jefferson immediately began to organize three missions to explore and map the new territory.",
"All three started from the Mississippi River.",
"The Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804) traveled up the Missouri River; the Red River Expedition (1806) explored the Red River basin; the Pike Expedition (1806) also started up the Missouri, but turned south to explore the Arkansas River watershed.",
"The maps and journals of the explorers helped to define the boundaries during the negotiations leading to the Adams–Onís Treaty, which set the western boundary as follows: north up the Sabine River from the Gulf of Mexico to its intersection with the 32nd parallel, due north to the Red River, up the Red River to the 100th meridian, north to the Arkansas River, up the Arkansas River to its headwaters, due north to the 42nd parallel and due west to its previous boundary."
] | [
2
] |
Europe | Which country or region imported rice to the Classical World? | Rice | true | 9FOOD
| [
0
] | [
"Rice was known to the Classical world, being imported from Egypt, and perhaps west Asia.",
"It was known to Greece by returning soldiers from Alexander the Great's military expedition to Asia.",
"Large deposits of rice from the first century A.D. have been found in Roman camps in Germany.",
"The Moors brought Asiatic rice to the Iberian Peninsula in the 10th century.",
"Records indicate it was grown in Valencia and Majorca.",
"In Majorca, rice cultivation seems to have stopped after the Christian conquest, although historians are not certain.",
"Muslims also brought rice to Sicily, where it was an important crop long before it is noted in the plain of Pisa (1468) or in the Lombard plain (1475), where its cultivation was promoted by Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, and demonstrated in his model farms.",
"After the 15th century, rice spread throughout Italy and then France, later propagating to all the continents during the age of European exploration.",
"In European Russia, a short-grain, starchy rice similar to the Italian varieties, has been grown in the Krasnodar Krai, and known in Russia as \"Kuban Rice\" or \"Krasnodar Rice\".",
"In the Russian Far East several \"japonica\" cultivars are grown in Primorye around the Khanka lake.",
"Increasing scale of rice production in the region has recently brought criticism towards growers' alleged bad practices in regards to the environment."
] | [] |
Main | What character is Amanda Setton in the first season of The Mindy Project? | The Mindy Project | true | 1TV
| [
9
] | [
" Mindy Kaling as Dr. Mindy Lahiri, a romantically frustrated OB/GYN at Shulman & Associates.",
" Chris Messina as Dr. Danny Castellano, another OB/GYN at the same office; Mindy's main frenemy; both doctors ignore the obvious romantic chemistry between them and settle for lesser choices in the interim.",
" Ed Weeks as Dr. Jeremy Reed, Mindy and Danny's somewhat hapless supervisor at the office.",
" Zoe Jarman as Betsy Putch, the optimistic receptionist at the office.",
" Ike Barinholtz as Morgan Tookers (Episodes 13, 15-onwards; recurring 2–12 and 14), a registered nurse at the office.",
" Beth Grant as Beverley Janoszewski (Episodes 15-onwards; guest episode 2), former nurse turned receptionist at the office.",
" Xosha Roquemore as Tamra (season 2-onwards, recurring episodes 22-24), a sassy nurse at the office.",
" Adam Pally as Dr. Peter Prentice (season 2-onwards; guest season 2, episodes 3-4), a new gynecologist at the office.",
" Anna Camp as Gwen Grandy (Main cast episodes 1–12; guest episode 17), Mindy's long-time friend who has settled down with a family.",
"Amanda Setton as Shauna Dicanio (Episodes 1–12), was a receptionist at the office.",
"Stephen Tobolowsky as Dr. Marc Shulman (Episodes 1–8), the former senior partner of the practice."
] | [
0
] |
Statistics and records | In percentages, how much of an increase in people playing rugby union or one of its variants from 2007 to 2011? | Rugby union | false | 4SPORT
| [
1
] | [
"According to a 2011 report by the Centre for the International Business of Sport at Coventry University, there are now over four and a half million people playing rugby union or one of its variants organised by the IRB.",
"This is an increase of 19 percent since the previous report in 2007.",
"The report also claimed that since 2007 participation has grown by 33 percent in Africa, 22 percent in South America and 18 percent in Asia and North America.",
"In 2014 the IRB published a breakdown of the total number of players worldwide by national unions.",
"It recorded a total of 6.6 million players globally, of those, 2.36 million were registered members playing for a club affiliated to their country's union.",
"Rugby union's premier event, the Rugby World Cup, has continued to grow since its inception in 1987.",
"The first tournament, in which 16 teams competed for the title, was broadcast to 17 countries with an accumulated total of 230 million television viewers.",
"Ticket sales during the pool stages and finals of the same tournament was less than a million.",
"The 2007 World Cup was contested by 94 countries with ticket sales of 3,850,000 over the pool and final stage.",
"The accumulated television audience for the event, then broadcast to 200 countries, was 4.2 billion.",
"The most capped international player from the tier 1 nations is Irish and British Lions centre Brian O'Driscoll who has played in 141 internationals.",
"While the top scoring tier 1 international player is New Zealand's Dan Carter, who has amassed 1442 points during his career.",
"In April 2010 Lithuania broke the record of consecutive international wins previously held by New Zealand and South Africa, which was 17 consecutive wins against tier 1 nations, with their 18th win in tier 2 in a match against Serbia.",
"The highest scoring international match between two recognised unions was Hong Kong's 164–13 victory over Singapore on 27 October 1994 While the largest winning margin of 152 points is held by two countries, Japan (a 155–3 win over Chinese Taipei) and Argentina (152–0 over Paraguay) both in 2002."
] | [
5
] |
Recurring cast | Who plays father Michael? | The New Normal (TV series) | false | 1TV
| [
7
] | [
" Jackie Hoffman as Frances, David's mother",
" Barry Bostwick as Marty, David's father",
" Mary Kay Place as Colleen, Bryan's mother",
" Marlo Thomas as Nancy Niles, Jane's boss",
" Cheri Oteri as Carla, Bryan and David's baby consultant",
" John Stamos as Brice, Jane's love interest and co-worker at Niles and Windsor Realtors",
" Michael Hitchcock as Gary, the head of the surrogacy firm",
" John Benjamin Hickey as Father Michael",
"Sterling Sulieman as Clint, Rocky's brother"
] | [
3
] |
Post-production | Who was the composer of the soundtrack for the movie The Terminator? | The Terminator | true | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"After production finished on \"The Terminator\", some post-production shots were needed.",
"These included scenes showing the Terminator outside Sarah Connor's apartment, Reese being zipped into a body bag, and the Terminator's head being crushed in a press.",
"The film's soundtrack was synthesizer music composed by Brad Fiedel.",
"Fiedel described the film's music as being about \"a mechanical man and his heartbeat\".",
"Almost all the music in the film was performed live.",
"\"The Terminator\"s theme is played over the opening credits and is played in various points in the film in sped up versions: a slowed down version when Reese dies, and a piano version during the love scene.",
"Fiedel created music for when Reese and Connor escape from the police station that would be appropriate for a \"heroic moment\".",
"Cameron turned down this theme, as he believed it would lose the audience's excitement.",
"The soundtrack to the film was released in 1984."
] | [
3
] |
Other al-Qaeda members | How many al-Queda members were sentenced? | September 11 attacks | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
3,
4
] | [
"In \"Substitution for Testimony of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed\" from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui, five people are identified as having been completely aware of the operation's details.",
"They are bin Laden, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Abu Turab al-Urduni and Mohammed Atef.",
"To date, only peripheral figures have been tried or convicted for the attacks.",
"On September 26, 2005, the Spanish high court sentenced Abu Dahdah to 27 years in prison for conspiracy on the 9/11 attacks and being a member of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda.",
"At the same time, another 17 al-Qaeda members were sentenced to penalties of between six and eleven years.",
"On February 16, 2006, the Spanish Supreme Court reduced the Abu Dahdah penalty to 12 years because it considered that his participation in the conspiracy was not proven.",
"Also in 2006, Moussaoui, who some originally suspected might have been the assigned 20th hijacker, was convicted for the lesser role of conspiracy to commit acts of terrorism and air piracy.",
"He is serving a life sentence without parole.",
"Mounir el-Motassadeq, an associate of the Hamburg-based hijackers, is serving 15 years for his role in helping the hijackers prepare for the attacks.",
"The Hamburg cell in Germany included radical Islamists who eventually came to be key operatives in the 9/11 attacks.",
"Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Ziad Jarrah, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, and Said Bahaji were all members of al-Qaeda's Hamburg cell."
] | [
5
] |
Education | what age are under the Department of Education in England? | England | false | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"The Department for Education is the government department responsible for issues affecting people in England up to the age of 19, including education.",
"State-run and -funded schools are attended by approximately 93% of English schoolchildren.",
"Of these, a minority are faith schools, primarily Church of England or Catholic.",
"Between three and four is nursery school, 4 and 11 is primary school, and 11 to 16 is secondary school.",
"After finishing compulsory education, pupils take a GCSE examination, following which they may decide to continue in further education for two years.",
"Further education colleges, such as sixth form colleges are either separate or attached to the secondary school institution and prepare students to sit A-Level examinations, for higher education at universities.",
"Although most English secondary schools are comprehensive, in some areas there are selective intake grammar schools, to which entrance is subject to passing the eleven plus exam.",
"Around 7.2% of English schoolchildren attend private schools, which are funded by private sources.",
"Standards in state schools are monitored by the Office for Standards in Education, and in private schools by the Independent Schools Inspectorate.",
"Students normally enter universities in the United Kingdom from 18 onwards, where they study for an academic degree.",
"There are over 90 universities in England, all but one of which are public.",
"The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills is the government department responsible for higher education in England.",
"Students are generally entitled to student loans for maintenance.",
"The first degree offered to undergraduates is the Bachelor's degree, which usually takes three years to complete.",
"Students are then eligible for a postgraduate degree, a Master's degree, taking one year, or a Doctorate degree, which takes three.",
"England's universities include some of the highest-ranked universities in the world; the University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, the University of Oxford and University College London are all ranked in the global top 10 in the 2010 \"QS World University Rankings\".",
"The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research.",
"The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2010 its MBA programme was ranked best in the world by the \"Financial Times\".",
"Academic degrees in England are usually split into classes: first class (I), upper second class (II:1), lower second class (II:2) and third (III), and unclassified (below third class).",
"The King's School, Canterbury and King's School, Rochester are the oldest schools in the English-speaking world.",
"Many of England's better-known schools, such as Winchester College, Eton College, St Paul's School, Rugby School, and Harrow School are fee-paying institutions."
] | [
0
] |
Women's rugby union | Who first wrote about women's rugby? | Rugby union | true | 4SPORT
| [
0
] | [
"Records of women's rugby football date back to the late 19th century, with the first documented source being Emily Valentine's writings, stating that she set up a rugby team in Portora Royal School in Enniskillen, Ireland in 1887.",
"Although there are reports of early women's matches in New Zealand and France, one of the first notable games to prove primary evidence was the 1917 war-time encounter between Cardiff Ladies and Newport Ladies; a photo of which shows the Cardiff team before the match at the Cardiff Arms Park.",
"In the past 30 years the game has grown in popularity among female athletes, and, according to the IRB, is now played in over 100 countries.",
"The English based Women's Rugby Football Union (WRFU), responsible for women's rugby in England, Scotland Ireland and Wales, was founded in 1983, and is the oldest formally organised national governing body for women's rugby.",
"This was replaced in 1994 by the Rugby Football Union for Women (RFUW) in England with each of the other Home Nations governing their own countries.",
"The premier international competition in rugby union for women is the Women's Rugby World Cup, first held in 1991.",
"Since 1994 it has been held every four years."
] | [
3
] |
Dependent and independent variables for a process | What is a thermodynamics process? | Thermodynamics | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"A process is described by changes in values of state variables of systems or by quantities of exchange of matter and energy between systems and surroundings.",
"The change must be specified in terms of prescribed variables.",
"The choice of which variables are to be used is made in advance of consideration of the course of the process, and cannot be changed.",
"Certain of the variables chosen in advance are called the independent variables.",
"From changes in independent variables may be derived changes in other variables called dependent variables.",
"For example a process may occur at constant pressure with pressure prescribed as an independent variable, and temperature changed as another independent variable, and then changes in volume are considered as dependent.",
"Careful attention to this principle is necessary in thermodynamics."
] | [
0
] |
Beverages | Dugh is made by mixing water and what else? | Yogurt | false | 9FOOD
| [
1
] | [
"Dugh (\"dawghe\" in Neo-Aramaic), ayran or dhallë is a yogurt-based, salty drink popular in Iran, Albania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, the Republic of Macedonia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.",
"It is made by mixing yogurt with water and (sometimes) salt.",
"The same drink is known as \"doogh\" in Iran; \"tan\" in Armenia; \"laban ayran\" in Syria and Lebanon; \"shenina\" in Iraq and Jordan; \"laban arbil\" in Iraq; \"majjiga\" (Telugu), \"majjige\" (Kannada), and \"moru\" (Tamil and Malayalam) in South India; namkeen \"lassi\" in Punjab and all over Pakistan.",
"A similar drink, doogh, is popular in the Middle East between Lebanon, Iran, and Iraq; it differs from ayran by the addition of herbs, usually mint, and is sometimes carbonated, commonly with carbonated water.",
"Borhani (or Burhani) is a spicy yogurt drink popular in Bangladesh and parts of Bengal.",
"It is usually served with kacchi biryani at weddings and special feasts.",
"Key ingredients are yogurt blended with mint leaves (mentha), mustard seeds and black rock salt (Kala Namak).",
"Ground roasted cumin, ground white pepper, green chili pepper paste and sugar are often added.",
"Lassi (Hindi: लस्सी, Urdu: لسی) is a yogurt-based beverage originally from the Indian subcontinent that is usually slightly salty or sweet.",
"Lassi is a staple in Punjab.",
"In some parts of the subcontinent, the sweet version may be commercially flavored with rosewater, mango or other fruit juice to create a very different drink.",
"Salty lassi is usually flavored with ground, roasted cumin and red chilies; this salty variation may also use buttermilk, and in India is interchangeably called \"ghol\" (Bengal), \"mattha\" (North India), \"majjige\" (Karnataka), \"majjiga\" (Andhra Pradesh), \"moru\" (Tamil Nadu and Kerala), \"Dahi paani\" (Odisha), \"tak\" (Maharashtra), or \"chaas\" (Gujarat).",
"Lassi is very widely drunk in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.",
"Mango Lassi is a popular drink at Indian restaurants in US.",
"In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia, an unsweetened and unsalted yogurt drink usually called simply \"jogurt\" is a popular accompaniment to \"burek\" and other bakery products.",
"Sweetened yogurt drinks are the usual form in Europe (including the UK) and the US, containing fruit and added sweeteners.",
"These are typically called \"drinking / drinkable yogurt\", such as Yop and BioBest Smoothie.",
"Also available are \"yogurt smoothies\", which contain a higher proportion of fruit and are more like smoothies.",
"In Ecuador, yogurt smoothies flavored with native fruit are served with pan de yuca as a common type of fast food.",
"Also in Turkey, yogurt-soup or \"Yayla Çorbası\" is a popular way of consuming yogurt.",
"The soup is a mix of yogurt, rice, flour and dried mint."
] | [
0
] |
Holidays | At the point when is the National Day of Romania? | Romania | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
2
] | [
"Since 2013, there are 14 non-working holidays.",
"In Romanian language, the consecrate Christian holidays have untranslatable correspondents, such as \"Rusalii\" (Pentecost), \"Dragobete\" (Valentine's Day) and \"Florii\" (Palm Sunday).",
"Nowadays, the National Day of Romania, a legal non-working holiday, is December the 1st, celebrated by military marches and manifestations across the country.",
"It commemorates the 1918 assembly of the delegates of all ethnic Romanians held in Alba Iulia, when the Union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania was declared upon.",
"During the communist regime, the national day was August the 23rd, marking the 1944 royal coup d'état by King Michael I when he decided about the dismissal and arrest of general Ion Antonescu, Romanian Prime Minister and Leader of the State.",
"On the same day he ordered the immediate cessation of Romania's collaboration with the Axis Powers, the beginning of negotiations for an armistice with the Allies and a military cooperation with the Soviet Union.",
"A certain segment of Romanians, who support the reinstatement of the monarchy, prefers the date of May 10 to be the National Day, as it used to be between 1866–1947.",
"On May 9, 1877, prime minister Kogălniceanu proclaimed the Principality of Romania's independence from the Ottoman Empire, a status recognized by the European powers in the Treaty of Berlin in 1878."
] | [
2
] |
Box lacrosse | When exactly was it that the box lacrosse was introduced? | Lacrosse | true | 4SPORT
| [
2
] | [
"Box lacrosse is played by teams of six on a hockey rink where the ice has been removed or covered by artificial turf, or in an indoor soccer or lacrosse field.",
"The enclosed playing area is called a box, in contrast to the open playing field of the traditional game.",
"This version of the game was introduced in the 1930s to promote business for hockey arenas, and within several years had nearly supplanted field lacrosse in Canada.",
"Box lacrosse is played at the highest level by the \"Senior A\" divisions of the Canadian Lacrosse Association and the National Lacrosse League (NLL).",
"The National Lacrosse League employs some minor rule changes from the Canadien Lacrosse Association (CLA) rules.",
"Notably, the games are played during the winter.",
"The NLL games consist of four fifteen-minute quarters compared with three periods of twenty minutes each (similar to ice hockey) in CLA games (multiple 15-minute OT periods for tied games, until whoever scores first).",
"NLL players may use only sticks with hollow shafts, while CLA permits solid wooden sticks.",
":The goals in box lacrosse are much smaller than field lacrosse, traditionally wide by tall in box, and wide by tall in the NLL.",
"Also, the goaltender wears much more protective padding, including a massive chest protector and armguard combination known as \"uppers\", large shin guards known as leg pads (both of which must follow strict measurement guidelines), and ice hockey-style masks or lacrosse helmets.",
"Also, at the professional level, box lacrosse goaltenders often use traditional wooden sticks outside of the NLL, which does not allow wooden sticks.",
"This makes Box Lacrosse faster and rougher than the traditional Field Lacrosse.",
"The style of the game is quick, accelerated by the close confines of the floor and a shot clock.",
"The shot clock requires the attacking team to take a shot on goal within 30 seconds of gaining possession of the ball.",
"In addition, players must advance the ball from their own defensive end to the offensive side of the floor within 10 seconds.",
"Box lacrosse is also a much more physical game.",
"Since cross checking is legal in box lacrosse, players wear rib pads in addition to the shoulder and elbow pads that field lacrosse players wear.",
"Box lacrosse players wear a different type of helmet as well, a hockey helmet with a box lacrosse cage.",
"For most penalties, the offending player is sent to the penalty box and his team has to play without him (thus lacking one player) for a short amount of time.",
"Most penalties last for two minutes, unless a five-minute major penalty has been assessed.",
"What separates box lacrosse (and ice hockey) from other sports is that at the top levels of professional and junior lacrosse, a five-minute major penalty is given and the players are not ejected for participating in a fight."
] | [
2
] |
Chart performance | The song had sold how many copies in the U.S. as of May of 2013? | Glad You Came | true | 0MUSIC
| [
7
] | [
"",
"\"Glad You Came\" debuted at number one in Ireland, making it the band's first number-one single in the country.",
"The song was at number one for five weeks.",
"In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at number one with first-week sales of over 117,000 copies, becoming the band's second number-one single in the UK.",
"As of May 2012, it is their biggest-selling single to date with 540,126 copies sold in the UK.",
"In Australia the song was certified Gold for shipping 35,000 copies.",
"In the United States, the song became their first to chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, peaking at number three for four non-consecutive weeks after it was covered on the television series \"Glee\", and becoming the highest American chart entry by a British boy band, surpassing Take That who peaked at number seven with \"Back for Good\" in November 1995.",
"As of May 2013, the song has sold 3,600,000 copies in the United States.",
"The song was the best-selling song by a boy band in digital history before One Direction's \"What Makes You Beautiful\" overtook its sales in July 2012."
] | [
5
] |
Impact | What was the purpose of the shipbuilding program mandated by Second Vinson Act? | Battle of Midway | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
17
] | [
"The Battle of Midway has often been called \"the turning point of the Pacific\".",
"However, the Japanese continued to try to secure more strategic territory in the South Pacific, and the U.S. did not move from a state of naval parity to one of increasing supremacy until after several more months of hard combat.",
"Thus, although Midway was the Allies' first major victory against the Japanese, it did not radically change the course of the war; instead it was the cumulative effects of the battles of the Coral Sea and Midway that reduced Japan's ability to undertake major offensives.",
"In addition Midway paved the way for the landings on Guadalcanal, and the prolonged attrition of the Solomon Islands campaign, both of which finally allowed the Allies to take the strategic initiative and swing onto the offensive for the rest of the Pacific War.",
"Finally, Midway bought the United States valuable time until the first of the new \"Essex\"-class fleet carriers became available at the end of 1942.",
"The battle also showed the worth of pre-war naval cryptanalysis and intelligence-gathering.",
"These efforts continued and were expanded throughout the war in both the Pacific and Atlantic theaters.",
"Successes were numerous and significant.",
"For instance, Navy cryptanalysis made possible the shooting down of Admiral Yamamoto's airplane.",
"Some authors have stated heavy losses in carriers and veteran aircrews at Midway permanently weakened the Imperial Japanese Navy.",
"Parshall and Tully, however, have stated that the losses in veteran aircrew, while heavy (110, just under 25% of the aircrew embarked on the four carriers), were not crippling to the Japanese naval air-corps as a whole: the Japanese navy had some 2,000 carrier-qualified aircrew at the start of the Pacific war.",
"A few months after Midway, the JNAF sustained similar casualty rates at both the Battle of the Eastern Solomons and Battle of Santa Cruz, and it was these battles, combined with the constant attrition of veterans during the Solomons campaign, which were the catalyst for the sharp downward spiral in operational capability.",
"However, the loss of four large fleet carriers, and over 40% of the carriers' highly trained aircraft mechanics and technicians, plus the essential flight-deck crews and armorers, and the loss of organizational knowledge embodied by such highly trained crew, were heavy blows to the Japanese carrier fleet.",
"After the battle and were the only large carriers of the original Pearl Harbor strike-force left for offensive actions.",
"Of Japan's other carriers, , which was not commissioned until early 1944, would be the only fleet carrier worth teaming with \"Shōkaku\" and \"Zuikaku\"; and \"Zuihō\" were light carriers, while and , although technically classified as fleet carriers, were second-rate ships of comparatively limited effectiveness.",
"By the time of the Battle of the Philippine Sea, the Japanese had somewhat rebuilt their carrier forces in terms of numbers, but their planes, which by then had become obsolescent, were largely flown by inexperienced and poorly trained pilots.",
"In the time it took Japan to build three carriers, the U.S. Navy commissioned more than two dozen fleet and light fleet carriers, and numerous escort carriers.",
"By 1942 the United States was already three years into a shipbuilding program mandated by the Second Vinson Act, intended to make the navy larger than Japan's.",
"The greater number of USN aviators survived the Battle of Midway and subsequent battles of 1942, and combined with growing pilot training programs, the US accumulated a large number of skilled pilots to complement its material advantages in ships and planes."
] | [
0
] |
Based on FA rules | Define what a triskelion is. | Football | true | 4SPORT
| [
2
] | [
" Cubbies",
" Three sided football",
" Triskelion"
] | [
0
] |
Release and promotion | What song off of the album "Take Care" did Drake release first? | Take Care (album) | true | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"The first track Drake released was \"Dreams Money Can Buy\" on May 20, 2011 through his October's Very Own blog.",
"Drake mentioned this song was \"A Story of Dreams, mixed with reality,\" and that this was not his first single off the album but that it would be included on \"Take Care\".",
"On June 9, 2011, a second track titled \"Marvins Room\" was released via his blog.",
"Drake initially stated that the song would not be featured on \"Take Care\", but because of the song's unexpected success, prompting it was released as a digital and radio single on July 22, 2011 and will be on \"Take Care\".",
"\"Trust Issues\" was then released shortly after on his blog, but is confirmed not to be on the album via Drake's Twitter.",
"He explained that the song was an idea he had from I'm On One and made it \"just for fun.\"",
"However, in an interview, Drake stated that Trust Issues, along with Dreams Money Can Buy, will be included in the Birthday Edition of the album.",
"On September 10, 2011, Drake released a new song titled \"Club Paradise\" on his October's Very Own blog.",
"\"Dropping this for our boy Avery...this was his favorite sh*t during the recording process.",
"2 more songs coming tonight as well.",
"ovoxo,\" he wrote on his blog.",
"On September 11, 2011, Drake released another track entitled \"Free Spirit\" featuring Rick Ross and blogged that another was to be released that night, as well.",
"Later that night he released a remix of Waka Flocka Flame's \"Round of Applause\".",
"On September 23, 2011, Drake released the official album cover to \"Take Care\".",
"On October 20, 2011, an unfinished version of \"The Real Her\" featuring only Lil Wayne was leaked online.",
"On October 8, 2011, Drake announced on his OVO blog that \"Take Care\" would be pushed back until November 15 because of three sample clearances (Take Care, Cameras, & Practice).",
"It was originally to be released on his 25th birthday, October 24, 2011.",
"The Club Paradise Tour was revealed to start in November on Twitter.",
"However, It was revealed that the tour was delayed until after Christmas/New Year break so Drake could perform at more schools.",
"A “chopped and screwed” version of the album remixed by OG Ron C titled \"Chop Care\" was released on November 29, 2011, and received over 1 million downloads in the first 48 hours.",
"It was featured on a variety of media blogs, magazines, and newspapers.",
"It was included on year-end lists by several publications, including The New York Times which gave major praise."
] | [
0
] |
Geology | What formations were re-exposed in the Mesozoic era? | Great Smoky Mountains National Park | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
10
] | [
"The majority of rocks in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park are Late Precambrian rocks that are part of the Ocoee Supergroup formation.",
"This group consists of metamorphosed sandstones, phyllites, schists, and slate.",
"Early Precambrian rocks are not only the oldest rocks in the park but also the dominant rock type in sites such as the Raven Fork Valley and upper Tuckasegee River between Cherokee and Bryson City.",
"They primarily consist of metamorphic gneiss, granite, and schist.",
"Cambrian sedimentary rocks can be found among the bottom of the Foothills to the northwest and in limestone coves such as Cades Cove.",
"One of the most visited attractions in the mountains is Cades Cove which is a window or an area where older rocks made out of sandstone surround the valley floor of younger rocks made out of limestone.",
"The oldest rocks in the Smokies are the Precambrian gneiss and schists which were formed over a billion years ago from the accumulation of marine sediments and igneous rock.",
"In the Late Precambrian period, the primordial ocean expanded and the more recent Ocoee Supergroup rocks formed from the accumulation of eroding land mass onto the continental shelf.",
"At the end of the Paleozoic era, the ocean deposited a thick layer of marine sediments which left behind sedimentary rock.",
"During the Ordovician period, the collision of North American and African plates initiated the Alleghenian orogeny that created the Appalachian range.",
"The Mesozoic era was dictated by the rapid erosion of softer sedimentary rocks and re-exposed the older Ocoee Supergroup formations."
] | [
0
] |
Third use: college classroom | Which college did Navy Peir choose to attend after the war? | Navy Pier | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
0
] | [
"With the war over, Navy Pier went to the University of Illinois, which used the facility beginning in 1946 for a two-year undergraduate program primarily serving returning veterans.",
"From the former Navy staff, Caveny stayed as the Undergraduate Division Dean, and Wolleson as the Dean of Students.",
"During its University of Illinois days, Navy Pier was also the site of a string of public events.",
"The International Exhibitions of the early 1960s drew attractions from around the world, including circus and folkloric dance acts, arts and crafts, and international cuisine.",
"In 1965, the University moved to the Chicago Circle campus, and the Pier again fell into disuse."
] | [] |
Writing | Where do the original manuscripts reside? | The Lord of the Rings | false | 6MOVIES
| [
9,
10
] | [
"Persuaded by his publishers, he started \"a new Hobbit\" in December 1937.",
"After several false starts, the story of the One Ring emerged.",
"The idea for the first chapter (\"A Long-Expected Party\") arrived fully formed, although the reasons behind Bilbo's disappearance, the significance of the Ring, and the title \"The Lord of the Rings\" did not arrive until the spring of 1938.",
"Originally, he planned to write a story in which Bilbo had used up all his treasure and was looking for another adventure to gain more; however, he remembered the Ring and its powers and thought that would be a better focus for the new work.",
"As the story progressed, he also brought in elements from 'The Silmarillion' mythology.",
"Writing was slow, because Tolkien had a full-time academic position, and needed to earn further money as a university examiner.",
"Tolkien abandoned \"The Lord of the Rings\" during most of 1943 and only re-started it in April 1944, as a serial for his son Christopher Tolkien, who was sent chapters as they were written while he was serving in South Africa with the Royal Air Force.",
"Tolkien made another concerted effort in 1946, and showed the manuscript to his publishers in 1947.",
"The story was effectively finished the next year, but Tolkien did not complete the revision of earlier parts of the work until 1949.",
"The original manuscripts, which total 9,250 pages, now reside in the J.R.R.",
"Tolkien Collection at Marquette University."
] | [
4
] |
Reception | What number did "Free Bird" reach on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs list? | Free Bird | true | 0MUSIC
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Free Bird\" is included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll, and at number 193 in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.",
"In 2009 it was named the 26th best hard rock song of all time by VH1.",
"The song—half ballad, half up-tempo guitar solo—quickly became a staple for Lynyrd Skynyrd at their live performances.",
"Many recognize its 5:12 triple guitar solo section that closes it out.",
"It often turned into an extended jam session at concerts.",
"The band would consistently play it as the last song of every show, as it was their biggest crowd pleaser.",
"Overall the song proved to be a huge hit for Lynyrd Skynyrd and it remains a fan favorite to this day.",
"It is also a classic rock radio staple.",
"Following the plane crash in 1977 in which several band members were killed, all of the songs played by surviving members were performed as instrumentals beginning with the Charlie Daniels Volunteer Jam V in 1979.",
"When \"Free Bird\" came up, a solitary microphone with a single spotlight would be at center stage while the band played the instrumental version.",
"This tradition lasted until 1989, when an almost-rioting audience coerced Rossington to urge Johnny Van Zant to sing the song for the first time – something he had vowed never to do on stage during the Tribute Tour.",
"The current version has a shortened solo similar to the original studio version."
] | [
0
] |
Reception | Has there ever been a threat of violence by fans against critics? | The Dark Knight Rises | true | 6MOVIES
| [
18
] | [
"",
"\"The Dark Knight Rises\" received mostly positive reviews from critics; Rotten Tomatoes sampled 304 reviewers and judged 88% of the reviews to be positive.",
"Metacritic, another review aggregator, assigned the film a weighted average score of 78 (out of 100) based on 45 reviews from mainstream critics, considered to be \"generally favorable reviews\".",
"CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film an A grade.",
"\"The Telegraph\" granted the film a maximum score of five stars, stating that it is \"a superhero film without a superhero,\" comparing it with \"The Godfather Part II\" and praising Hardy's performance as well as the film's intricate plot and narrative.",
"Kenneth Turan of the \"Los Angeles Times\" thought the film was \"potent, persuasive and hypnotic\" and that it was \"more than an exceptional superhero movie, it is masterful filmmaking by any standard.\"",
"\"The Playlists\" Todd Gilchrist wrote \"A cinematic, cultural and personal triumph, \"The Dark Knight Rises\" is emotionally inspiring, aesthetically significant and critically important for America itself – as a mirror of both sober reflection and resilient hope.\"",
"IGN gave it a 9 out of 10, noting similarities in tone and theme to \"Batman Begins\" over the trilogy's second installment \"The Dark Knight\", but also describing Bane as \"that bit less interesting to watch\" than Ledger's Joker, despite praising his \"menacing voice\" and \"body language-driven performance\".",
"\"The Guardian\" scored the film four out of five stars, calling it a film of \"granite, monolithic intensity\", yet also calling it a \"hammy, portentous affair\".",
"Andrew O'Hehir of \"Salon\" writes \"if \"The Dark Knight Rises\" is a fascist film, it's a great fascist film, and arguably the biggest, darkest, most thrilling and disturbing and utterly balls-out spectacle ever created for the screen\".",
"Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film three out of four stars, stating \"the film begins slowly with a murky plot and too many new characters, but builds to a sensational climax.\"",
"Film critic Richard Roeper gave the film an \"A\", calling it \"a majestic, gorgeous, brutal and richly satisfying epic\", and citing the final scenes of the picture as \"the best five minutes of any film this year.\"",
"The London Film Review gave the film a B and said \"Nolan's film is a reminder that superheroes aren't merely a frivolous distraction, but an embodiment of our best selves.\"",
"The film was crowned by \"Forbes\" as the best modern comic book superhero adaption on screen, outranking both its main summer blockbuster competitor, \"Marvel's The Avengers\", and the trilogy's previous installment \"The Dark Knight\".",
"\"The Daily Mail\" Chris Tookey said that the film was bloated and overly long, and criticized the sombre tone and lack of humor, despite praising the film's visually-impressive set pieces.",
"CNN's Tom Charity said the film was a \"disappointingly clunky and bombastic conclusion to a superior series\" and called it Nolan's worst film.",
"Anthony Lane of \"The New Yorker\" says that the \"story is dense, overlong, and studded with references that will make sense only to those intimate with Nolan's previous excursions into Batmanhood\".",
"In reaction to fan backlash to some of the negative reviews, Rotten Tomatoes chose to disable user commentary for the film leading up to its release.",
"Some fans had threatened violence against critics while others threatened to take down the websites of movie critics who had given the film a negative review."
] | [] |
The Exclusion Zone | Whats an area that extends in every direction? | Chernobyl disaster | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"An area originally extending in all directions from the plant is officially called the \"zone of alienation\".",
"It is largely uninhabited, except for about 300 residents who have refused to leave.",
"The area has largely reverted to forest, and has been overrun by wildlife because of a lack of competition with humans for space and resources.",
"Even today, radiation levels are so high that the workers responsible for rebuilding the sarcophagus are only allowed to work five hours a day for one month before taking 15 days of rest.",
"Ukrainian officials estimate the area will not be safe for human life again for another 20,000 years.",
"In 2011 Ukraine opened up the sealed zone around the Chernobyl reactor to tourists who wish to learn more about the tragedy that occurred in 1986."
] | [] |
Synopsis | What does Rihanna sing the chorus in front of? | Love the Way You Lie | false | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"Rihanna sings the chorus in front of a burning house, while an interspersing scene shows fire on a woman's (Fox) palms.",
"In another scene, the woman is asleep with her lover (Monaghan) and wakes up.",
"Eminem begins to rap in an open field.",
"The woman attacks her lover after seeing the name \"Cindy\" and a phone number written on his hand.",
"He unsuccessfully tries to kiss the woman and brings her back after she attempts to leave him.",
"The man then pushes her onto the wall and aims his fist at her, puncturing the wall instead.",
"After Rihanna sings again, the video flashes back to when the couple first meet \"at a seedy dive bar next door\" to a liquor store.",
"The man steals a bottle of vodka and they kiss on the rooftop.",
"During the present, the man apologizes to his lover and they are reconciled.",
"In another flashback, he attacks someone who plays pool with his lover.",
"Eminem joins Rihanna in front of the burning house for the final verse.",
"Meanwhile, after the flashback, the woman comes home and locks herself in the bathroom to stop her abusive lover from entering.",
"In another scene, the fire on her palms vanish as she clasps her hands.",
"Flames later engulf Eminem and the couple, who are then shown fighting in front of the burning house.",
"In the end, the couple stay together and the video returns to their first scene, in which they sleep."
] | [
0
] |
Sequels | Who is the Australian director that directed the pilot film of Teen Wolf? | Teen Wolf | false | 1TV
| [
5
] | [
"The film was followed by a cartoon spin-off in 1986, and a sequel in 1987 titled \"Teen Wolf Too\", with Jason Bateman starring as Todd Howard, Scott's cousin.",
"A second sequel starring Alyssa Milano was planned, but never filmed.",
"Another female version of \"Teen Wolf\" was in the works that later developed into 1989's \"Teen Witch\".",
"A Canadian television series similar in theme ran from 1999 to 2002 entitled \"Big Wolf on Campus\".",
"In June 2009, MTV announced that they would be adapting \"Teen Wolf\" into a television series \"with a greater emphasis on romance, horror and werewolf mythology\".",
"Australian director Russell Mulcahy directed the pilot film of the television series.",
"The first episode for the new MTV series aired on June 5, 2011."
] | [
3
] |
Commercial performance | When did the song top the Hot Dance Club Songs chart? | Wide Awake (Katy Perry song) | false | 0MUSIC
| [
8
] | [
"Upon the release of \"Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection\", \"Wide Awake\" made its first appearance on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart at number 19 based on digital sales alone.",
"After Perry's performance on the 2012 Billboard Music Awards, it debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 35 as the second highest debut of the week, behind Philip Philips' \"Home\".",
"The same week, the song debuted on multiple \"Billboard\" component charts - at number 29 on the Pop Songs and 35 on the Adult Pop Songs charts.",
"For the chart issue dated June 4, 2012, \"Wide Awake\" debuted at number 50 on the Dance/Club Play Songs chart as well as moving 5 spots on the Pop songs chart to number 20.",
"The song reached the summit on the week of August 4, 2012.",
"On June 13, 2012, the single moved ten positions to nine on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and has sold 402,000 downloads.",
"The following week, the single reached number 4, and on the chart dated August 11, 2012, it peaked at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making the song Perry's eighth consecutive single to reach the top 3 of the chart since \"California Gurls\", as well as her first song to peak in the runner-up position.",
"It was kept off the top spot by Carly Rae Jepsen's \"Call Me Maybe\".",
"On the week August 4, 2012, the song topped the Hot Dance Club Songs chart, making her tenth consecutive number-one on the chart since 2009's \"Waking Up in Vegas\", extending her own record.",
"On the \"Pop Songs\" chart, it is her ninth number-one single tied with Rihanna as artists with most number one on chart.",
"The song has sold over 3,074,841 downloads in the US as of 2013.",
"In Australia, the song debuted at number 26 on the Australian Singles Chart, and peaked at number 4, position it stayed in for three weeks.",
"In New Zealand, the song debuted at number 32, and peaked at number 1 on July 1, 2012, making it Perry's seventh single from the album \"Teenage Dream\" to peak inside the top ten, and her sixth song from the \"Teenage Dream\" era to take out the number one spot.",
"The song was then certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ).",
"The song is the eighth song from \"Teenage Dream\" to enter the top ten, and the ninth consecutive top ten single since \"Waking Up in Vegas\" and its eleventh top ten overall.",
"The song makes Perry the female artist with the most number ones on New Zealand (eight), passing the previous record of Mariah Carey with seven number 1 singles.",
"In Canada, the song peaked at number 1, becoming her eighth single to do so.",
"The song became the 21st best selling single in New Zealand of 2012.",
"In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at number 69 on the UK Singles Chart, due to strong downloads in April 2012.",
"The song then re-entered at number 74 in May 2012.",
"It has currently peaked at number 9, selling 24,545 copies in that country.",
"In Ireland, the song launched at number 30 and is currently peaking at number 6."
] | [
2
] |
Awards and nominations | At what point did "30 Rock" get a writer's guild of America award for best comedy series? | 30 Rock | true | 1TV
| [
8
] | [
"Capping its critically successful first season, \"30 Rock\" won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series and Elaine Stritch was awarded an Emmy in September 2007 for her work as a guest actress in \"Hiatus\".",
"Tina Fey and Alec Baldwin were nominated in the Outstanding Lead Actress and Outstanding Lead Actor in a comedy series categories respectively.",
"\"Jack-Tor\" and \"Tracy Does Conan\" were both nominated in the category of Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series.",
"\"30 Rock\" received four Creative Arts Emmy Awards.",
"Alec Baldwin received the Golden Globe Award for in 2007.",
"Baldwin also received the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series in 2007.",
"The show also received various other guild award nominations during its first season.",
"In 2008, Tina Fey and Alec Baldwin both won Screen Actors Guild Awards.",
"The series took home the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Comedy Series in 2008.",
"It also received the Danny Thomas Producer of the Year Award in Episodic Series – Comedy from the Producers Guild of America in 2008.",
"\"30 Rock\" received 17 Emmy nominations, for its second season, meaning it was the second most nominated series of the year.",
"These 17 nominations broke the record for the most nominations for a comedy series, meaning that \"30 Rock\" was the most-nominated comedy series for any individual Emmy year.",
"The previous holder of this record was \"The Larry Sanders Show\" in 1996 with 16 nominations.",
"\"30 Rock\" also won the Television Critics Association Award for \"Outstanding Achievement in Comedy.",
"\"Also in 2008, \"30 Rock\" completed a sweep of the major awards for best comedy series at that year's Primetime Emmy Awards.",
"The show won Outstanding Comedy Series, Alec Baldwin was recognized as Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series, and Tina Fey was given the award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series.",
"This marks the eighth time in the history of the Emmy awards that a show won best series plus best lead actor and actress.",
"Tina Fey also won the award for Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series for the episode \"Cooter\".",
"At the 2008 Golden Globe awards, \"30 Rock\" won the award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy, Alec Baldwin won Best Actor in a Television Musical or Comedy, and Tina Fey won Best Actress in a Television Musical or Comedy.",
"For the show's 2007 episodes, \"30 Rock\" received a Peabody Award at the 67th Annual Peabody Awards.",
"Upon announcing the award, the Peabody Board commended the show for being \"not only a great workplace comedy in the tradition of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\", complete with fresh, indelible secondary characters, but also a sly, gleeful satire of corporate media, especially the network that airs it\".",
"In 2009 \"30 Rock\" received a record-breaking 22 Primetime Emmy Award nominations and won five Emmy Awards, including Best Comedy Series and Best Actor in a Comedy Series (Alec Baldwin)."
] | [
0
] |
English army and Harold's preparations | Between the years 1046 and 1065, what was the number of times that the whole national "fyrd" was called out? | Battle of Hastings | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
6
] | [
"The English army was organised along regional lines, with the \"fyrd\", or local levy, serving under a local magnate – whether an earl, bishop, or sheriff.",
"The \"fyrd\" was composed of men who owned their own land, and were equipped by their community to fulfil the king's demands for military forces.",
"For every five hides, or units of land nominally capable of supporting one household, one man was supposed to serve.",
"It appears that the hundred was the main organising unit for the \"fyrd\".",
"As a whole, England could furnish about 14,000 men for the \"fyrd\", when it was called out.",
"The \"fyrd\" usually served for two months, except in emergencies.",
"It was rare for the whole national \"fyrd\" to be called out; between 1046 and 1065 it was only done three times, in 1051, 1052, and 1065.",
"The king also had a group of personal armsmen, known as housecarls, who formed the backbone of the royal forces.",
"Some earls also had their own forces of housecarls.",
"Thegns, the local landowning elites, fought either with the royal housecarls or attached themselves to the forces of an earl or other magnate.",
"The \"fyrd\" and the housecarls both fought on foot, with the major difference between them being the housecarl's superior armour.",
"The English army does not appear to have had a significant number of archers.",
"Harold had spent mid-1066 on the south coast with a large army and fleet waiting for William to invade.",
"The bulk of his forces were militia who needed to harvest their crops, so on 8 September Harold dismissed the militia and the fleet.",
"Learning of the Norwegian invasion he rushed north, gathering forces as he went, and took the Norwegians by surprise, defeating them at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September.",
"Harald of Norway and Tostig were killed, and the Norwegians suffered such great losses that only 24 of the original 300 ships were required to carry away the survivors.",
"The English victory came at great cost, as Harold's army was left in a battered and weakened state."
] | [
0
] |
Dalí museums and permanent exhibitions | Where is the Dali Universe? | Salvador Dalí | true | 3ART
| [
4
] | [
"Dalí Theatre and Museum – Figueres, Catalonia, Spain",
"Salvador Dalí House-Museum - Port Lligat, Catalonia, Spain",
"Gala Dalí House-Museum - Púbol, Catalonia, Spain",
"Salvador Dali Museum – St Petersburg, Florida, USA",
"Dalí Universe – Venice, Italy ",
"Espace Dalí – Paris, France",
"Dalí, permanent exhibition - Berlin, Germany"
] | [
4
] |
Shot dead | Princip used what type of gun to assassinate Franz Ferdinand? | Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
1
] | [
"After learning that the first assassination attempt had been unsuccessful, Princip thought about a position to assassinate the archduke on his return journey, and decided to move to a position in front of a nearby food shop (Schiller's delicatessen), near the Latin Bridge.",
"When Franz Ferdinand's car approached on its return journey, Princip stepped forward and fired two shots from a distance of about one and a half metres (5 feet) using a Belgian-made 9×17mm (.380 ACP) Fabrique Nationale model 1910 semi-automatic pistol.",
"Pistol serial numbers 19074, 19075, 19120 and 19126 were supplied to the assassins; Princip used #19074.",
"According to Albertini, \"the first bullet wounded the Archduke in the jugular vein, the second inflicted an abdominal wound on the Duchess.\"",
"Princip was immediately arrested.",
"At his sentencing, Princip stated that his intention had been to kill Governor Potiorek, rather than Sophie.",
"Both victims remained seated upright, but dying while being driven to the Governor's residence for medical treatment.",
"As reported by Count Harrach, Franz Ferdinand's last words were \"Sophie, Sophie!",
"Don't die!",
"Live for our children!\"",
"followed by six or seven utterances of \"It is nothing.\"",
"in response to Harrach's inquiry as to Franz Ferdinand's injury.",
"These utterances were followed by a long death rattle.",
"Sophie was dead on arrival at the Governor's residence.",
"Franz Ferdinand died 10 minutes later."
] | [
0
] |
Conclusion and legacy | What countries did the Habsburgs rule? | Protestant Reformation | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
"The Reformation led to a series of religious wars that culminated in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which devastated much of Germany, killing between 25 and 40% of its population.",
"From 1618 to 1648 the Roman Catholic House of Habsburg and its allies fought against the Protestant princes of Germany, supported at various times by Denmark, Sweden and France.",
"The Habsburgs, who ruled Spain, Austria, Slovene Lands, the Spanish Netherlands and much of Germany and Italy, were staunch defenders of the Roman Catholic Church.",
"Some historians believe that the era of the Reformation came to a close when Roman Catholic France allied itself, first in secret and later on the battlefields, with Protestant states against the Habsburg dynasty.",
"For the first time since the days of Luther, political and national convictions again outweighed religious convictions in Europe.",
"The main tenets of the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War, were:",
" All parties would now recognise the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, by which each prince would have the right to determine the religion of his own state, the options being Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, and now Calvinism (the principle of \"cuius regio, eius religio\")",
" Christians living in principalities where their denomination was \"not\" the established church were guaranteed the right to practice their faith in public during allotted hours and in private at their will.",
"The treaty also effectively ended the papacy's pan-European political power.",
"Fully aware of the loss, Pope Innocent X declared the treaty \"null, void, invalid, iniquitous, unjust, damnable, reprobate, inane, empty of meaning and effect for all times.\"",
"European sovereigns, Roman Catholic and Protestant alike, ignored his verdict.",
"However, this treaty did not mean that the Reformation concluded.",
"It would be about another century (ca.",
"1750) before the Reformation could truly be considered to have ended.",
"Meanwhile, other reform movements continued to spring up, even within the Reformation churches.",
"One such movement was Pietism, which impacted the Low Countries (hence the Reformed churches), Germany (hence also Lutheranism), and Great Britain, which led to a split in Lutheranism and which brought about the creation of some new churches (most notably the Moravian Church and Methodism).",
"In turn, Pietism would branch out into a \"normative\" form and Radical Pietism.",
"The Reformation had a wide-ranging influence on personal life.",
"In fashion, for instance, it led to a more sober and dignified, less wasteful esthetics.",
"Further impact on the Reformation came from the Age of Enlightenment, and its preponderance of Rationalism.",
"This would lead to redefined roles for religion, eventually relegating it to second-class status.",
"In \"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism\", Max Weber first suggested that cultural values could affect economic success, arguing that the Protestant Reformation led to values that drove people toward worldly achievements, a hard work ethic, and saving to accumulate wealth for investment.",
"The new religions (in particular, Calvinism and other more austere Protestant groups) effectively forbade wastefully using hard earned money and identified the purchase of luxuries a sin."
] | [
0
] |
Local rules | How long are the halves for plays | Field hockey | true | 4SPORT
| [
7
] | [
"There are sometimes minor variations in rules from competition to competition; for instance, the duration of matches is often varied for junior competitions or for carnivals.",
"Different national associations also have slightly differing rules on player equipment.",
"The new Euro Hockey League has made major alterations to the rules to aid television viewers, such as splitting the game into four quarters, and to try to improve player behaviour, such as a two-minute suspension for green cards—the latter was also used in the 2010 World Cup.",
"In the United States, the NCAA has its own rules for inter-collegiate competitions; high school associations similarly play to different rules, usually using the rules published by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS).",
"This article assumes FIH rules unless otherwise stated.",
"USA Field Hockey produces an annual summary of the differences.",
"In the United States, the games at the junior high level consist of two 25-minute halves, while the high school level consists of two 30-minute halves.",
"Many private American schools play 25-minute halves, and some have adopted FIH rules rather than NFHS rules.",
"Players are required to wear mouth guards and shin guards in order to play the game.",
"Also, there is a newer rule requiring certain types of sticks be used.",
"In recent years, the NFHS rules have moved closer to FIH, but in 2011 a new rule requiring protective eyewear was introduced for the 2011 Fall season.",
"The 'cage style' goggles favored by US high school lacrosse and permitted in high school field hockey is not permitted under FIH rules."
] | [
5
] |
Abstract | The fajita is called what in northern Mexico? | Fajita | true | 9FOOD
| [
5
] | [
"A fajita (; ) is a term found in Tex-Mex cuisine, commonly referring to any grilled meat usually served as a taco on a flour or corn tortilla.",
"The term originally referred to the cut of beef used in the dish which is known as skirt steak.",
"Popular meats today also include chicken, pork, shrimp, and all cuts of beef.",
"In restaurants, the meat is often cooked with onions and bell peppers.",
"Popular condiments are shredded lettuce, sour cream, guacamole, salsa, pico de gallo, cheese, and tomato.",
"The northern Mexican variant of the dish name is Arrachera."
] | [
0
] |
Cultural impact | When did Fight Club get released in theaters across the US? | Fight Club | false | 6MOVIES
| [
2
] | [
"",
"\"Fight Club\" was one of the most controversial and talked-about films of the 1990s.",
"Like other 1999 films \"Magnolia\", \"Being John Malkovich\", and \"Three Kings\", \"Fight Club\" was recognized as an innovator in cinematic form and style since it exploited new developments in filmmaking technology.",
"After \"Fight Club\"s theatrical release, it became more popular via word of mouth, and the positive reception of the DVD established it as a cult film that David Ansen of \"Newsweek\" conjectured would enjoy \"perennial\" fame.",
"The film's success also heightened the profile of the novel's author, Chuck Palahniuk, to global renown.",
"Following \"Fight Club\"s release, several fight clubs were reported to have started in the United States.",
"A \"Gentleman's Fight Club\" was started in Menlo Park, California in 2000 and had members mostly from the tech industry.",
"Teens and preteens in Texas, New Jersey, Washington state, and Alaska also initiated fight clubs and posted videos of their fights online, leading authorities to break up the clubs.",
"In 2006, an unwilling participant from a local high school was injured at a fight club in Arlington, Texas, and the DVD sales of the fight led to the arrest of six teenagers.",
"An unsanctioned fight club was also started at Princeton University, where matches were held on campus.",
"The film was suspected of influencing Luke Helder, a college student who planted pipe bombs in mailboxes in 2002.",
"Helder's goal was to create a smiley pattern on the map of the United States, similar to the scene in \"Fight Club\" in which a building is vandalized to have a smiley on its exterior.",
"On July 16, 2009, a 17-year-old who had formed his own fight club in Manhattan was charged with detonating a homemade bomb outside a Starbucks Coffee shop in the Upper East Side in May 2009; the New York City Police Department reported the suspect was trying to emulate \"Project Mayhem\".",
"In 2003, \"Fight Club\" was listed as one of the \"50 Best Guy Movies of All Time\" by \"Men's Journal\".",
"In 2004 and 2006, \"Fight Club\" was voted by \"Empire\" readers as the ninth and eighth greatest film of all time, respectively.",
"\"Total Film\" ranked \"Fight Club\" as \"The Greatest Film of our Lifetime\" in 2007 during the magazine's tenth anniversary.",
"In 2007, \"Premiere\" selected Tyler Durden's line, \"The first rule of fight club is you do not talk about fight club,\" as the 27th greatest movie line of all time.",
"In 2008, readers of \"Empire\" ranked Tyler Durden first on a list of the 100 Greatest Movie Characters.",
"\"Empire\" also identified \"Fight Club\" as the 10th greatest movie of all time in its 2008 issue \"The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time\".",
"In 2010, two viral mash-up videos featuring \"Fight Club\" were released.",
"\"Ferris Club\" was a mash-up of \"Fight Club\" and the film \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\".",
"It portrayed Ferris as Tyler Durden and Cameron as the narrator, \"claiming to see the real psychological truth behind the John Hughes classic\".",
"The second video \"Jane Austen's Fight Club\" also gained popularity online as a mash-up of \"Fight Club\"s fighting rules and the characters created by 19th century novelist Jane Austen."
] | [
2
] |
Puffy tacos, taco kits, breakfast tacos and tacodillas | Where does "Henry's Puffy Taco's" come from? | Taco | true | 9FOOD
| [
1
] | [
"Since at least 1978, a variation called the \"puffy taco\" has been popular.",
"\"Henry's Puffy Tacos\", opened by Henry Lopez in San Antonio, Texas, claims to have invented the variation, in which uncooked corn tortillas (flattened balls of masa dough) are quickly fried in hot oil until they expand and become \"puffy\".",
"Fillings are similar to hard-shell versions.",
"Restaurants offering this style of taco have since appeared in other Texas cities, as well as in California, where Henry's brother, Arturo Lopez, opened \"Arturo's Puffy Taco\" in Whittier, not long after Henry's opened.",
"Henry's continues to thrive, managed by the family's second generation.",
"Kits are available at grocery and convenience stores and usually consist of taco shells (corn tortillas already fried in a U-shape), seasoning mix and taco sauce.",
"Commercial vendors for the home market also market soft taco kits with tortillas instead of taco shells.",
"The breakfast taco, found in Tex-Mex cuisine, is filled with meat, eggs, or cheese, with other ingredients.",
"The tacodilla contains melted cheese in between the two folded tortillas, thus resembling a quesadilla."
] | [
4
] |
Abstract | What types of food are commonly found used in lasagna outside of Italy? | Lasagne | false | 9FOOD
| [
4
] | [
"Lasagne ( or or , , singular lasagna) are a wide, flat pasta shape, and possibly one of the oldest types of pasta.",
"The word also refers to a dish made with several layers of lasagne sheets alternated with sauces and various other ingredients.",
"Lasagne originated in Italy, traditionally ascribed to the city of Bologna (Emilia-Romagna), in where the first modern receipe was created and published and became a traditional dish.",
"Traditional lasagne is made by interleaving layers of pasta with layers of sauce, made with ragù, bechamel, and Parmigiano-Reggiano.",
"In other regions and outside of Italy it is common to find lasagne made with ricotta or mozzarella cheese, tomato sauce, various meats (e.g., ground beef, pork or chicken), miscellaneous vegetables (e.g., spinach, zucchini, mushrooms) and typically flavored with wine, garlic, onion, and oregano.",
"In all cases the lasagne are oven-baked.",
"Traditionally, pasta dough prepared in Southern Italy used semolina and water and in the northern regions, where semolina was not available, flour and eggs.",
"Today in Italy, since the only type of wheat allowed for commercially sold pasta is durum wheat, commercial lasagne are made of semolina (from durum wheat).",
"Emilio-Romano’s intensive farming economy in the northern region of Italy results in plentiful dairy and meat products, and their commonality in regional cooking – more so than the olive oil found in southern regions of Italy.",
"Pastas from Emilio-Romano and its capital, Bologna, are almost always served with a ragú, a thick sauce made from ingredients such as onions, carrots, finely chopped pork and beef, celery, butter, and tomatoes."
] | [
0
] |
Flora | What part of the total forested are is covered by Lodgepole Pine forests? | Yellowstone National Park | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
2
] | [
"Over 1,700 species of trees and other vascular plants are native to the park.",
"Another 170 species are considered to be exotic species and are non-native.",
"Of the eight conifer tree species documented, Lodgepole Pine forests cover 80% of the total forested areas.",
"Other conifers, such as Subalpine Fir, Engelmann Spruce, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir and Whitebark Pine, are found in scattered groves throughout the park.",
"As of 2007, the whitebark pine is threatened by a fungus known as white pine blister rust; however, this is mostly confined to forests well to the north and west.",
"In Yellowstone, about seven percent of the whitebark pine species have been impacted with the fungus, compared to nearly complete infestations in northwestern Montana.",
"Quaking Aspen and willows are the most common species of deciduous trees.",
"The aspen forests have declined significantly since the early 20th century, but scientists at Oregon State University attribute recent recovery of the aspen to the reintroduction of wolves which has changed the grazing habits of local elk.",
"There are dozens of species of flowering plants that have been identified, most of which bloom between the months of May and September.",
"The Yellowstone Sand Verbena is a rare flowering plant found only in Yellowstone.",
"It is closely related to species usually found in much warmer climates, making the sand verbena an enigma.",
"The estimated 8,000 examples of this rare flowering plant all make their home in the sandy soils on the shores of Yellowstone Lake, well above the waterline.",
"In Yellowstone's hot waters, bacteria form mats of bizarre shapes consisting of trillions of individuals.",
"These bacteria are some of the most primitive life forms on earth.",
"Flies and other arthropods live on the mats, even in the middle of the bitterly cold winters.",
"Initially, scientists thought that microbes there gained sustenance only from sulfur.",
"In 2005 researchers from the University of Colorado at Boulder discovered that the sustenance for at least some of the diverse hyperthermophilic species is molecular hydrogen.",
"\"Thermus aquaticus\" is a bacterium found in the Yellowstone hot springs that produces an important enzyme (Taq polymerase) that is easily replicated in the lab and is useful in replicating DNA as part of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process.",
"The retrieval of these bacteria can be achieved with no impact to the ecosystem.",
"Other bacteria in the Yellowstone hot springs may also prove useful to scientists who are searching for cures for various diseases.",
"Non-native plants sometimes threaten native species by using up nutrient resources.",
"Though exotic species are most commonly found in areas with the greatest human visitation, such as near roads and at major tourist areas, they have also spread into the backcountry.",
"Generally, most exotic species are controlled by pulling the plants out of the soil or by spraying, both of which are time consuming and expensive."
] | [
0
] |
Critical reception | what rating did Entertainment Weekly give to the first episode of Nurse Jackie | Nurse Jackie | false | 1TV
| [
2
] | [
"Critical reception.",
"The premiere of \"Nurse Jackie\" was met with generally positive reviews from critics.",
"\"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the first episode a B+, stating \"Edie Falco brings a genial forcefulness to Nurse Jackie.\"",
"\"New York\" magazine called the Showtime series \"smart, acrid, alternately sharp and sentimental\" and \"the best series yet in the cable channel’s ongoing meditation on the nature of addiction ... and the setting for a truly breakthrough female character\".",
"James Poniewozik from \"Time\" magazine ranked Nurse Jackie's episode \"Tiny Bubbles\" (106) as 5th on his \"Top 10 Episodes of 2009\" list.",
"Reception was not entirely positive, with \"Variety\" noting, \"The series increasingly feels like all style and limited substance – a star showcase that's less 'triumphant return' than 'Nice to have you back, but...'\""
] | [
0
] |
Track listing | How many bonus tracks are on the CD of How to Save a Life? | How to Save a Life | true | 0MUSIC
| [
0
] | [
"In later editions, an extra track was added:",
"<li value=13>\"Unsaid\" – 3:05",
"Bonus CD:",
"<li value=14>\"Over My Head (Cable Car)\" (Live at the Gothic (05.20.2005))",
"\"How to Save a Life\" (Live for MTV.com & VH1.com (07.14.2005))",
"\"Look After You\" (Live at Red Rocks (08.12.2005))",
"\"Heaven Forbid\" (Live at Red Rocks (08.12.2005))",
"Bonus DVD:",
"How to Save a Life (The Story)",
"On The Road 2006 (Documentary)",
"\"Over My Head (Cable Car)\" (Music Video)",
"\"Over My Head (Cable Car)\" (Making the video)"
] | [
5
] |
Applications | Why is it important to make the reactions as efficient as possible? | Chemical reaction | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
1
] | [
"Chemical reactions are central to chemical engineering where they are used for the synthesis of new compounds from natural raw materials such as petroleum and mineral ores.",
"It is essential to make the reaction as efficient as possible, maximizing the yield and minimizing the amount of reagents, energy inputs and waste.",
"Catalysts are especially helpful for reducing the energy required for the reaction and increasing its reaction rate.",
"Some specific reactions have their niche applications.",
"For example, the thermite reaction is used to generate light and heat in pyrotechnics and welding.",
"Although it is less controllable than the more conventional oxy-fuel welding, arc welding and flash welding, it requires much less equipment and is still used to mend rails, especially in remote areas."
] | [
1
] |
Books | When was "How I Met Your Mother and Philosophy" released? | How I Met Your Mother | false | 1TV
| [
6
] | [
" \"The Bro Code\", cited by Barney many times throughout the series, is a set of written rules for bros to follow, and has been published as a tie-in novel, an audiobook, an iPhone Application and an Android Application.",
"Barney alleges it was written by Barnabus Stinson, a contemporary of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin.",
"Many of the rules listed in this book also appear in the show's closing vanity cards in syndication, similar to what Chuck Lorre uses to end episodes of several of his shows, \"Dharma and Greg\", \"The Big Bang Theory\", \"Two and a Half Men\", and \"Mike and Molly\".",
" \"Bro on the Go\", a companion to \"The Bro Code\", released in 2009.",
" \"Bro Code for Parents: What to Expect When You're Awesome\", released in 2012.",
" \"The Playbook,\" based on the fifth season episode of the same name, by Barney Stinson and Matt Kuhn.",
" \"How I Met Your Mother and Philosophy\", released in 2013."
] | [
2,
5
] |
Pioneer Frontier | When were the Tidal Force and Canyon River Rapids rezoned into the Boardwalk? | Hersheypark | true | 2TRAVEL
| [
3
] | [
"The largest area of the park, Pioneer Frontier, the southwestern-themed section of the park, includes four of the park’s roller coasters: Trailblazer (the second oldest in the park), Sidewinder, Storm Runner, and Fahrenheit.",
"It also includes the Frontier Flyers, The Howler, Mini Scrambler, and Livery Stables.",
"It also has its own food court which features a wide variety of restaurants.",
"The section previously included the area up to and including Tidal Force until 2007 when Tidal Force and Canyon River Rapids were rezoned into the new Boardwalk."
] | [
2
] |
Plot | What are some of the causes of conflict and drama on "The Bachelor"? | The Bachelor (U.S. TV series) | false | 1TV
| [
5,
6,
7,
8,
9
] | [
"As the show is designed, the series revolves around a single bachelor (deemed eligible) who starts with a pool of romantic interests (typically 25) from whom the bachelor is expected to select a wife.",
"During the course of the season, the bachelor eliminates candidates (see The elimination process), with the bachelor proposing marriage to his final selection.",
"The participants travel to romantic and exotic locations for their adventures, and the conflicts in the series, both internal and external, stem from the elimination-style format of the show.",
"The above description is a general guideline.",
"In practice, the show does not always follow its designed structure, and those variations are often a source of drama and conflict.",
" A candidate who was eliminated returns to the show to plead her case to the bachelor.",
" A bachelor distributes more roses or fewer roses than planned.",
" A bachelor eliminates both women in a two-on-one date.",
" A bachelor eliminates a woman outside of a rose ceremony.",
" The bachelor chooses to pursue a relationship with his final selection rather than propose marriage.",
"The two most notable cases where the bachelor violated the premise of the show are Brad Womack, who selected neither of his final two women, and Jason Mesnick, who in the \"After the Final Rose\" episode broke off his engagement and proposed to the first runner-up.",
"(The two are now married.)"
] | [
0
] |
Resignation | Who is responsible for getting rid of the "smoking gun" tape? | Watergate scandal | true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
0
] | [
"The release of the \"smoking gun\" tape destroyed Nixon politically.",
"The 10 congressmen who voted against all three articles of impeachment in the House Judiciary Committee announced they would all support impeachment when the vote was taken in the full House.",
"On the night of August 7, 1974, Senators Barry Goldwater and Hugh Scott and Congressman John Jacob Rhodes met with Nixon in the Oval Office and told him that his support in Congress had all but disappeared.",
"Rhodes told Nixon that he would face certain impeachment when the articles came up for vote in the full House.",
"Goldwater and Scott told the president that there were not only enough votes in the Senate to convict him, but that no more than 15 Senators were willing to vote for acquittal.",
"Realizing that he had no chance of staying in office, Nixon decided to resign.",
"In a nationally televised address from the Oval Office on the evening of August 8, 1974, the president said, in part:The morning that his resignation was to take effect, the President, with Mrs. Nixon and their family, said farewell to the White House staff in the East Room.",
"A helicopter carried them from the White House to Andrews Air Force base in Maryland.",
"Nixon later wrote that he thought, \"As the helicopter moved on to Andrews, I found myself thinking not of the past, but of the future.",
"What could I do now?…\" At Andrews, he and his family boarded Air Force One to El Toro Marine Corps Air Station in California, and then were transported to his home in San Clemente."
] | [
3
] |
Types | Whats the dish that is meat cooked in spicy coconut milk? | Rendang | true | 9FOOD
| [
3
] | [
"In Minangkabau culinary tradition, there are three recognised stages in cooking meat in spicy coconut milk.",
"The dish which results is categorised according to the liquid content of the cooked coconut milk, which ranges from the most wet and soupy to the most dry: Gulai — Kalio — Rendang.",
"The ingredients of gulai, kalio and rendang are almost identical with the exceptions that gulai usually has less red chilli pepper and more turmeric, while rendang has richer spices.",
"If pieces of meat are cooked in spicy coconut milk and the process stopped right when the meat is done and the coconut milk has reached its boiling point, the dish is called gulai.",
"If the process continues until the coconut milk is partly evaporated and the meat has begun to brown, then you have kalio.",
"For a traditional dry rendang, the process continues hours beyond this, until the liquid has all but completely evaporated and the color turns to a dark brown, almost black color.",
"Thus not only liquid content but also colour indicate which type of rendang is involved: gulai is light yellow, kalio is brown, and rendang is very dark brown.",
"Today one mostly only finds two simpler categories of rendang: either dry or wet."
] | [] |
Classical electrodynamics | Who helped reconcile the peculiarities of classical electromagnetism? | Electromagnetism | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
12,
6
] | [
"The scientist William Gilbert proposed, in his \"De Magnete\" (1600), that electricity and magnetism, while both capable of causing attraction and repulsion of objects, were distinct effects.",
"Mariners had noticed that lightning strikes had the ability to disturb a compass needle, but the link between lightning and electricity was not confirmed until Benjamin Franklin's proposed experiments in 1752.",
"One of the first to discover and publish a link between man-made electric current and magnetism was Romagnosi, who in 1802 noticed that connecting a wire across a voltaic pile deflected a nearby compass needle.",
"However, the effect did not become widely known until 1820, when Ørsted performed a similar experiment.",
"Ørsted's work influenced Ampère to produce a theory of electromagnetism that set the subject on a mathematical foundation.",
"A theory of electromagnetism, known as classical electromagnetism, was developed by various physicists over the course of the 19th century, culminating in the work of James Clerk Maxwell, who unified the preceding developments into a single theory and discovered the electromagnetic nature of light.",
"In classical electromagnetism, the electromagnetic field obeys a set of equations known as Maxwell's equations, and the electromagnetic force is given by the Lorentz force law.",
"One of the peculiarities of classical electromagnetism is that it is difficult to reconcile with classical mechanics, but it is compatible with special relativity.",
"According to Maxwell's equations, the speed of light in a vacuum is a universal constant, dependent only on the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space.",
"This violates Galilean invariance, a long-standing cornerstone of classical mechanics.",
"One way to reconcile the two theories (electromagnetism and classical mechanics) is to assume the existence of a luminiferous aether through which the light propagates.",
"However, subsequent experimental efforts failed to detect the presence of the aether.",
"After important contributions of Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré, in 1905, Albert Einstein solved the problem with the introduction of special relativity, which replaces classical kinematics with a new theory of kinematics that is compatible with classical electromagnetism.",
"(For more information, see History of special relativity.",
")In addition, relativity theory shows that in moving frames of reference a magnetic field transforms to a field with a nonzero electric component and vice versa; thus firmly showing that they are two sides of the same coin, and thus the term \"electromagnetism\".",
"(For more information, see Classical electromagnetism and special relativity and Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism."
] | [
3
] |
Recognitions and awards | What is the amount of times that "South Park" was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program? | South Park | true | 1TV
| [
12
] | [
"In 2004, Channel 4 voted \"South Park\" the third-greatest cartoon of all time.",
"In 2007, \"Time\" magazine included the show on its list of the \"100 Best TV Shows of All Time\", proclaiming it as \"America's best source of rapid-fire satire for past decade\".",
"The same year, \"Rolling Stone\" declared it to be the funniest show on television since its debut 10 years prior.",
"In 2008, \"South Park\" was named the 12th-greatest TV show of the past 25 years by \"Entertainment Weekly\", while AOL declared it as having the \"most astute\" characters of any show in history when naming it the 16th-best television comedy series of all time.",
"In 2011, \"South Park\" was voted number one in the \"25 Greatest Animated TV Series\" poll by \"Entertainment Weekly\".",
"The character of Cartman ranked 10th on TV Guide's 2002 list of the \"Top 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters\", 198th on VH1's \"200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons\", 19th on Bravo's \"100 Greatest TV Characters\" television special in 2004, and second on MSNBC's 2005 list of TV's scariest characters behind Mr. Burns from \"The Simpsons\".",
"In 2006, Comedy Central received a Peabody Award for \"South Park\"'s \"stringent social commentary\" and \"undeniably fearless lampooning of all that is self-important and hypocritical in American life\".",
"In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked \"South Park\" at number 63 among the \"101 Best-Written Shows Ever\".",
"Also in 2013, TV Guide listed the show at number 10 among the \"60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time\".",
"\"South Park\" won the CableACE Award for Best Animated Series in 1997, the last year the awards were given out.",
"In 1998, \"South Park\" was nominated for the Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Animated Primetime or Late Night Television Program.",
"It was also nominated for the 1998 GLAAD Award for Outstanding TV – Individual Episode for \"Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride\".",
"\"South Park\" has been nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program ten times (1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2013).",
"The show has won the award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour) four times, for the 2005 episode \"Best Friends Forever\", the 2006 episode \"Make Love, Not Warcraft\", the 2009 episode \"Margaritaville\", and the 2012 episode \"Raising the Bar\".",
"The Imaginationland trilogy of episodes won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour Or More) in 2008."
] | [
0
] |
Involvement of other countries and nationals | How was the response to the holocaust? | The Holocaust | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
2
] | [
" Bermuda Conference",
" Évian Conference",
" International response to the Holocaust",
" Patria disaster",
" Struma disaster",
" Voyage of the Damned"
] | [
5
] |
Captain Moreton's Eglinton Castle | When was the "Rules of the Eglinton Castle and Cassiobury Croquet" published? | Croquet | false | 4SPORT
| [
4
] | [
"The earliest known reference to croquet in Scotland is the booklet \"The Game of Croquet, its Laws and Regulations\" which was published in the mid-1860s for the proprietor of Eglinton Castle, the Earl of Eglinton.",
"On the page facing the title page is a picture of Eglinton Castle with a game of \"croquet\" in full swing.",
"The croquet lawn existed on the northern terrace, between Eglinton Castle and the Lugton Water.",
"The 13th Earl developed a variation on croquet named Captain Moreton's Eglinton Castle croquet, which had small bells on the eight hoops \"to ring the changes\", two pegs, a double hoop with a bell and two tunnels for the ball to pass through.",
"In 1865 the 'Rules of the Eglinton Castle and Cassiobury Croquet' was published by Edmund Routledge.",
"Several incomplete sets of this form of croquet are known to exist, and one complete set is still used for demonstration games in the West of Scotland.",
"It is not known why the earl named the game thus."
] | [
2
] |
History | What is the Siujeonseo? | Bibimbap | true | 9FOOD
| [
1
] | [
"",
"\"Bibimbap\" is first mentioned in the \"Siuijeonseo\", an anonymous cookbook from the late 19th century.",
"There its name is given as 부븸밥 (\"bubuimbap\").",
"Some scholars assert that bibimbap originates from the traditional practice of mixing all the food offerings made at an ancestral rite (\"jesa\") in a bowl before partaking in it.",
"In Korean households, \"bibimbap\" is frequently prepared from steamed rice, vegetables, and meat.",
"Since the late 20th century, \"bibimbap\" has become widespread in different countries, due to its convenience of preparation.",
"It is also served on many airlines connecting to South Korea."
] | [
0
] |
Memphis | Did he make a reference to the bomb threat? | Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. | false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
| [
7
] | [
"King travelled to Memphis, Tennessee in support of striking African American sanitation workers.",
"The workers had staged a walkout on February 11, 1968, to protest unequal wages and working conditions imposed by then-mayor Henry Loeb.",
"At the time, Memphis paid black workers significantly lower wages than whites.",
"In addition, unlike white people, black people received no pay if they stayed home during bad weather; consequently, most black people were compelled to work even in driving rain and snow storms.",
"On April 3, King returned to Memphis to address a gathering at the Mason Temple (World Headquarters of the Church of God in Christ).",
"His airline flight to Memphis was delayed by a bomb threat against his plane.",
"With a thunderstorm raging outside, King delivered the last speech of his life, now known as the \"I've Been to the Mountaintop\" address.",
"As he neared the close, he made reference to the bomb threat:"
] | [] |
Abstract | What is a microscope used for ? | Microscope | false | 8SCIENCE
| [
0
] | [
"A microscope (from the , \"mikrós\", \"small\" and , \"skopeîn\", \"to look\" or \"see\") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye.",
"The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy.",
"Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope.",
"There are many types of microscopes, the most common and first to be invented is the optical microscope which uses light to image the sample.",
"Other major types of microscopes are the electron microscope (both the transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope) and the various types of scanning probe microscope."
] | [
0
] |
Legal system and judiciary | What is the connection between China's and Hong Kong's legal systems? | Hong Kong | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
0
] | [
"Hong Kong's legal system is completely independent from the legal system of mainland China.",
"In contrast to mainland China's civil law system, Hong Kong continues to follow the English Common Law tradition established under British rule.",
"The essence of English common law is that it is made by judges sitting in courts, applying legal precedent (\"stare decisis\") to the facts before them.",
"For example, murder is a common law crime rather than one established by an Act of Parliament.",
"Common law can be amended or repealed by Parliament; murder, for example, now carries a mandatory life sentence rather than the death penalty.",
"According to Article 92 of the Basic Law, Hong Kong's courts may refer to decisions rendered by courts of other common law jurisdictions as precedents, and judges from other common law jurisdictions, most commonly England, Canada and Australia, are allowed to sit as non-permanent judges of the Court of Final Appeal.",
"Structurally, the court system consists of the Court of Final Appeal, the High Court, which is made up of the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance, and the District Court, which includes the Family Court.",
"Other adjudicative bodies include the Lands Tribunal, the Magistrates' Courts, the Juvenile Court, the Coroner's Court, the Labour Tribunal, the Small Claims Tribunal, and the Obscene Articles Tribunal.",
"Justices of the Court of Final Appeal are appointed by Hong Kong's Chief Executive.",
"The Court of Final Appeal has the power of final adjudication with respect to the law of Hong Kong as well as the power of final interpretation over local laws including the power to strike down local ordinances on the grounds of inconsistency with the Basic LawThe Department of Justice is responsible for handling legal matters for the government.",
"Its responsibilities include providing legal advice, criminal prosecution, civil representation, legal and policy drafting and reform, and international legal cooperation between different jurisdictions.",
"Apart from prosecuting criminal cases, lawyers of the Department of Justice act on behalf of the government in all civil and administrative lawsuits against the government.",
"As protector of the public interest, the department may apply for judicial reviews and may intervene in any cases involving the greater public interest.",
"The Basic Law protects the Department of Justice from any interference by the government when exercising its control over criminal prosecution."
] | [
0
] |
Subjects | Was Geroge H. W. Bush featured in the film? | How to Survive a Plague | false | 6MOVIES
| [
4
] | [
"People featured in the film include:",
"Bill Bahlman",
"David Barr",
"Gregg Bordowitz",
"George H. W. Bush (archive footage)",
"Bill Clinton (archive footage)",
"Spencer Cox",
"Jim Eigo",
"Mark Harrington",
"Jesse Helms (archive footage)",
"Garance Franke-Ruta",
"Larry Kramer",
"Mathilde Krim",
"Ed Koch",
"Iris Long",
"Ray Navarro",
"Bob Rafsky",
"Peter Staley"
] | [] |
Death | When and where did Warhol die? | Andy Warhol | true | 3ART
| [
0
] | [
"Warhol died in New York City at 6:32 am on February 22, 1987.",
"According to news reports, he had been making good recovery from a routine gallbladder surgery at New York Hospital before dying in his sleep from a sudden post-operative cardiac arrhythmia.",
"Prior to his diagnosis and operation, Warhol delayed having his recurring gallbladder problems checked, as he was afraid to enter hospitals and see doctors.",
"His family sued the hospital for inadequate care, saying that the arrhythmia was caused by improper care and water intoxication.",
"The malpractice case was quickly settled out of court; Warhol's family received an undisclosed sum of money.",
"Warhol's body was taken back to Pittsburgh by his brothers for burial.",
"The wake was at Thomas P. Kunsak Funeral Home and was an open-coffin ceremony.",
"The coffin was a solid bronze casket with gold plated rails and white upholstery.",
"Warhol was dressed in a black cashmere suit, a paisley tie, a platinum wig, and sunglasses.",
"He was posed holding a small prayer book and a red rose.",
"The funeral liturgy was held at the Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic Church on Pittsburgh's North Side.",
"The eulogy was given by Monsignor Peter Tay.",
"Yoko Ono and John Richardson were speakers.",
"The coffin was covered with white roses and asparagus ferns.",
"After the liturgy, the coffin was driven to St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery in Bethel Park, a south suburb of Pittsburgh.",
"At the grave, the priest said a brief prayer and sprinkled holy water on the casket.",
"Before the coffin was lowered, Paige Powell dropped a copy of \"Interview\" magazine, an \"Interview\" T-shirt, and a bottle of the Estee Lauder perfume \"Beautiful\" into the grave.",
"Warhol was buried next to his mother and father.",
"A memorial service was held in Manhattan for Warhol on April 1, 1987, at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York."
] | [
2,
4
] |
Sports | what was the final number of medals america got in the summer olympics? | United States | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
11
] | [
"The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.",
"Baseball has been regarded as the national sport since the late 19th century, while American football is now by several measures the most popular spectator sport.",
"Basketball and ice hockey are the country's next two leading professional team sports.",
"These four major sports, when played professionally, each occupy a season at different, but overlapping, times of the year.",
"College football and basketball attract large audiences.",
"Boxing and horse racing were once the most watched individual sports, but they have been eclipsed by golf and auto racing, particularly NASCAR.",
"In the 21st century, televised mixed martial arts has also gained a strong following of regular viewers.",
"While soccer is less popular in the United States than in many other nations, the men's national soccer team has been to the past six World Cups and the women are #1 in the women's world rankings.",
"While most major U.S. sports have evolved out of European practices, basketball, volleyball, skateboarding, snowboarding, and cheerleading are American inventions, some of which have become popular in other countries.",
"Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact.",
"Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States.",
"The United States has won 2,400 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other country, and 281 in the Winter Olympic Games, the second most by 2014."
] | [
0
] |
Political discussion | Where did the 15th UNFCCC Conference take place? | Global warming | true | 8SCIENCE
| [
11
] | [
"Discourse about global warming.",
"Political discussion.",
"Most countries are Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).",
"The ultimate objective of the Convention is to prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system.",
"As is stated in the Convention, this requires that GHG concentrations are stabilized in the atmosphere at a level where ecosystems can adapt naturally to climate change, food production is not threatened, and economic development can proceed in a sustainable fashion.",
"The Framework Convention was agreed in 1992, but since then, global emissions have risen.",
"During negotiations, the G77 (a lobbying group in the United Nations representing 133 developing nations) pushed for a mandate requiring developed countries to \" the lead\" in reducing their emissions.",
"This was justified on the basis that: the developed world's emissions had contributed most to the stock of GHGs in the atmosphere; per-capita emissions (i.e., emissions per head of population) were still relatively low in developing countries; and the emissions of developing countries would grow to meet their development needs.",
"This mandate was sustained in the Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention, which entered into legal effect in 2005.",
"In ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, most developed countries accepted legally binding commitments to limit their emissions.",
"These first-round commitments expired in 2012.US President George W. Bush rejected the treaty on the basis that \"it exempts 80% of the world, including major population centers such as China and India, from compliance, and would cause serious harm to the US economy.",
"\"At the 15th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties, held in 2009 at Copenhagen, several UNFCCC Parties produced the Copenhagen Accord.",
"Parties associated with the Accord (140 countries, as of November 2010)aim to limit the future increase in global mean temperature to below .",
"A preliminary assessment published in November 2010 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) suggests a possible \"emissions gap\" between the voluntary pledges made in the Accord and the emissions cuts necessary to have a \"likely\" (greater than 66% probability) chance of meeting the objective.",
"The UNEP assessment takes the objective as being measured against the pre-industrial global mean temperature level.",
"To having a likely chance of meeting the objective, assessed studies generally indicated the need for global emissions to peak before 2020, with substantial declines in emissions thereafter.",
"The 16th Conference of the Parties (COP16) was held at Cancún in 2010.",
"It produced an agreement, not a binding treaty, that the Parties should take urgent action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to meet a goal of limiting global warming to above pre-industrial temperatures.",
"It also recognized the need to consider strengthening the goal to a global average rise of ."
] | [
4
] |
Grand Duchy of Moscow | Who took the title "Grand Duke of all the Russias" by securing its independence? | Russia | true | 5COUNTRY
| [
7
] | [
"The most powerful successor state to Kievan Rus' was the Grand Duchy of Moscow (\"Moscovy\" in the Western chronicles), initially a part of Vladimir-Suzdal.",
"While still under the domain of the Mongol-Tatars and with their connivance, Moscow began to assert its influence in the Central Rus' in the early 14th century, gradually becoming the main leading force in the process of the Rus' lands' reunification and expansion of Russia.",
"Those were hard times, with frequent Mongol-Tatar raids and agriculture suffering from the beginning of the Little Ice Age.",
"As in the rest of Europe, plagues hit Russia somewhere once every five or six years from 1350 to 1490.",
"However, because of the lower population density and better hygiene (widespread practicing of banya, the wet steam bath), the population loss caused by plagues was not so severe as in the Western Europe, and the pre-Plague populations were reached in Russia as early as 1500.",
"Led by Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow and helped by the Russian Orthodox Church, the united army of Russian principalities inflicted a milestone defeat on the Mongol-Tatars in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380.",
"Moscow gradually absorbed the surrounding principalities, including the formerly strong rivals, such as Tver and Novgorod.",
"Ivan III (\"the Great\") finally threw off the control of the Golden Horde, consolidated the whole of Central and Northern Rus' under Moscow's dominion, and was the first to take the title \"Grand Duke of all the Russias\".",
"After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Moscow claimed succession to the legacy of the Eastern Roman Empire.",
"Ivan III married Sophia Palaiologina, the niece of the last Byzantine emperor Constantine XI, and made the Byzantine double-headed eagle his own, and eventually Russian, coat-of-arms."
] | [
3
] |
Wind considerations | How did Effel account for the effects of wind? | Eiffel Tower | false | 2TRAVEL
| [
3
] | [
"At the time the tower was built many people were shocked by its daring shape.",
"Eiffel was accused of trying to create something artistic without regard to engineering.",
"However, Eiffel and his engineers, as experienced bridge builders, understood the importance of wind forces and knew that if they were going to build the tallest structure in the world they had to be certain it would withstand them.",
"In an interview with the newspaper \"Le Temps (Paris)\" of 14 February 1887, Eiffel said:Eiffel used empirical and graphical methods accounting for the effects of wind rather than a specific mathematical formula.",
"Careful examination of the tower shows a basically exponential shape (actually two different exponentials, the lower section overdesigned to ensure resistance to wind forces.",
"Several mathematical explanations have been proposed over the years for the success of the design; the most recent is described as a nonlinear integral equation based on counterbalancing the wind pressure on any point on the tower with the tension between the construction elements at that point.",
"As proof of the tower's effectiveness in wind resistance, it sways only 6–7 cm (2–3 in) in the wind."
] | [
5
] |
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