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Debris removal
|
What did a quarter million construction workers reach their lifetime limits on
|
Chernobyl disaster
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
3
] |
[
"The worst of the radioactive debris was collected inside what was left of the reactor, much of it shoveled in by liquidators wearing heavy protective gear (dubbed \"bio-robots\" by the military); these workers could only spend a maximum of 40 seconds at a time working on the rooftops of the surrounding buildings because of the extremely high doses of radiation given off by the blocks of graphite and other debris.",
"The reactor itself was covered with bags of sand, lead and boric acid dropped from helicopters: some 5,000 metric tons of material were dropped during the week that followed the accident.",
"At the time there was still fear that the reactor could re-enter a self-sustaining nuclear chain-reaction and explode again, and a new containment structure was planned to prevent rain entering and triggering such an explosion, and to prevent further release of radioactive material.",
"This was the largest civil engineering task in history, involving a quarter of a million construction workers who all reached their official lifetime limits of radiation.",
"By December 1986, a large concrete sarcophagus had been erected to seal off the reactor and its contents.",
"A unique \"clean up\" medal was given to the workers.",
"Many of the vehicles used by the \"liquidators\" remain parked in a field in the Chernobyl area.",
"During the construction of the sarcophagus, a scientific team re-entered the reactor as part of an investigation dubbed \"Complex Expedition\", to locate and contain nuclear fuel in a way that could not lead to another explosion.",
"These scientists manually collected cold fuel rods, but great heat was still emanating from the core.",
"Rates of radiation in different parts of the building were monitored by drilling holes into the reactor and inserting long metal detector tubes.",
"The scientists were exposed to high levels of radiation and radioactive dust.",
"After six months of investigation, in December 1986, they discovered with the help of a remote camera an intensely radioactive mass in the basement of Unit Four, more than two metres wide and weighing hundreds of tons, which they called \"the elephant's foot\" for its wrinkled appearance.",
"The mass was composed of sand, glass and a large amount of nuclear fuel that had escaped from the reactor.",
"The concrete beneath the reactor was steaming hot, and was breached by solidified lava and spectacular unknown crystalline forms termed chernobylite.",
"It was concluded that there was no further risk of explosion."
] |
[
0
] |
World Taekwondo Federation
|
What are the only allowed moves in tao kwon do?
|
Taekwondo
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
6
] |
[
"Under World Taekwondo Federation and Olympic rules, sparring is a full-contact event and takes place between two competitors in an area measuring 8 meters square.",
"A win can occur by points, or if one competitor is unable to continue (knockout) the other competitor wins.",
"Each match consists of three semi-continuous rounds of contact, with one minute's rest between rounds.",
"There are two age categories: 14–17 years and 18 years and older.",
"Depending on the type of tournament and club, competitors may also wear fist protectors, foot protectors, instep guards, helmets, or mouth guards.",
"Points are awarded for permitted, accurate, and powerful techniques delivered to the legal scoring areas; light contact does not score any points.",
"The only techniques allowed are kicks (delivering a strike using an area of the foot below the ankle) and punches (delivering a strike using the closed fist).",
"In most competitions, points are awarded by three corner judges using electronic scoring tallies.",
"Several A-Class tournaments, however, are now experimenting with electronic scoring equipment contained within the competitors' body protectors.",
"This limits corner judges to scoring only attacks to the head.",
"Some believe that the new electronic scoring system will help to reduce controversy concerning judging decisions, but this technology is still not universally accepted.",
"Beginning in 2009, a kick or punch that makes contact with the opponent's \"hogu\" (the body guard that functions as a scoring target) scores one point.",
"If a kick to the \"hogu\" involves a technique that includes fully turning the attacking competitor's body, so that the back is fully exposed to the targeted competitor during execution of the technique (spinning kick), an additional point is awarded.",
"A kick to the head scores three points; as of October 2010 an additional point is awarded if a turning kick was used to execute this attack.",
"Punches to the head are not allowed.",
"As of March 2010, no additional points are awarded for knocking down an opponent (beyond the normal points awarded for legal strikes).",
"The referee can give penalties at any time for rule-breaking, such as hitting an area not recognized as a target, usually the legs or neck.",
"Penalties are divided into \"Kyong-go\" (warning penalty) and \"Gam-jeom\" (deduction penalty).",
"Two \"Kyong-go\" are counted as an addition of one point for the opposing contestant.",
"However, the final odd-numbered \"Kyong-go\" is not counted in the grand total.",
"At the end of three rounds, the competitor with most points wins the match.",
"In the event of a tie, a fourth \"sudden death\" overtime round, sometimes called a \"Golden Point\", is held to determine the winner after a one-minute rest period.",
"In this round, the first competitor to score a point wins the match.",
"If there is no score in the additional round, the winner is decided by superiority, as determined by the refereeing officials.",
"Until 2008, if one competitor gained a 7 point lead over the other, or if one competitor reached a total of 12 points, then that competitor was immediately declared the winner and the match ended.",
"These rules were abolished by the WTF at the start of 2009.",
"In October 2010 the WTF reintroduced a point-gap rule, stating that if a competitor has a 12-point lead at the end of the second round or achieves a 12-point lead at any point in the third round, then the match is over and that competitor is declared the winner."
] |
[
0
] |
Critical reception
|
Who makes up the duo Espionage?
|
Drive By (song)
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
2
] |
[
"",
"\"Billboard\" gave the song a positive review stating:If at first you succeed -- why not try again?",
"For the first single from its forthcoming \"California 37,\" Train returns to the Espionage, the Norwegian songwriting and production duo of Espen Lind and Amund Bjorklund that helped the group put together its 2010 comeback smash \"Hey Soul Sister.\"",
"\"Drive By\" starts with a staccato guitar strum and a percussive thump that certainly recalls its predecessor, with a slight ethnic flavor that makes it recall a Bar Mitzvah reception.",
"Frontman Pat Monahan semi-speaks the in tuneful, rap-like cadence, then turns to smooth pop singing for the choruses.",
"The lyric, however, is a bit darker, with Monahan's protagonist trying to convince a one-night-stand that he really wants to \"get down to the more-than-friends\" at last.",
"We bet she's heard that from all the pop singers, but Monahan pleads with enough joyful exuberance that she -- and we -- might just buy it."
] |
[
3
] |
The proton and the idea of nuclear electrons
|
What is the charge of alpha particles?
|
Atomic number
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
2
] |
[
"In 1915 the reason for nuclear charge being quantized in units of Z, which were now recognized to be the same as the element number, was not understood.",
"An old idea called Prout's hypothesis had postulated that the elements were all made of residues (or \"protyles\") of the lightest element hydrogen, which in the Bohr-Rutherford model had a single electron and a nuclear charge of one.",
"However, as early as 1907 Rutherford and Thomas Royds had shown that alpha particles, which had a charge of +2, were the nuclei of helium atoms, which had a mass four times that of hydrogen, not two times.",
"If Prout's hypothesis were true, something had to be neutralizing some of the charge of the hydrogen nuclei present in the nuclei of heavier atoms.",
"In 1917 Rutherford succeeded in generating hydrogen nuclei from a nuclear reaction between alpha particles and nitrogen gas, and believed he had proven Prout's law.",
"He called the new heavy nuclear particles protons in 1920 (alternate names being proutons and protyles).",
"It had been immediately apparent from the work of Moseley that the nuclei of heavy atoms have more than twice as much mass as would be expected from their being made of hydrogen nuclei, and thus there was required a hypothesis for the neutralization of the extra protons presumed present in all heavy nuclei.",
"A helium nucleus was presumed to be composed of four protons plus two \"nuclear electrons\" (electrons bound inside the nucleus) to cancel two of the charges.",
"At the other end of the periodic table, a nucleus of gold with a mass 197 times that of hydrogen, was thought to contain 118 nuclear electrons in the nucleus to give it a residual charge of + 79, consistent with its atomic number."
] |
[
0
] |
Kalmar Union
|
What year was Queen Margaret crowned?
|
Norway
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
19
] |
[
"Upon the death of Haakon V, King of Norway, in 1319, Magnus Erikson, at just three years old, inherited the throne as King Magnus VII of Norway.",
"At the same time a movement to make Magnus King of Sweden proved successful.",
"(At this time both the kings of Sweden and of Denmark were elected to the throne by their respective nobles.)",
"Thus, with his election to the throne of Sweden, both Sweden and Norway were united under King Magnus VII.",
"In 1349, the Black Death radically altered Norway, killing between 50% and 60% of its population and leaving it in a period of social and economic decline.",
"The plague left Norway very poor.",
"Although the death rate was comparable with the rest of Europe, economic recovery took much longer because of the small, scattered population.",
"Before the plague, the population was only about 500,000 people.",
"After the plague, many farms lay idle while the population slowly increased.",
"The few surviving farms' tenants found their bargaining positions with their landlords greatly strengthened.",
"King Magnus VII ruled Norway until 1350, when his son, Haakon, was placed on the throne as Haakon VI.",
"In 1363, Haakon VI married Margaret, the daughter of King Valdemar IV of Denmark.",
"Upon the death of Haakon VI, in 1379, his son, Olaf IV, was only 10 years old.",
"Olaf had already been elected to the throne of Denmark on 3 May 1376.",
"Thus, upon Olaf's accession to the throne of Norway, Denmark and Norway entered personal union.",
"Olaf's mother and Haakon's widow, Queen Margaret, managed the foreign affairs of Denmark and Norway during the minority of Olaf IV.",
"Margaret was working toward a union of Sweden with Denmark and Norway by having Olaf elected to the Swedish throne.",
"She was on the verge of achieving this goal when Olaf IV suddenly died.",
"However, Denmark made Margaret temporary ruler upon the death of Olaf.",
"On 2 February 1388 Norway followed suit and crowned Margaret.",
"Queen Margaret knew that her power would be more secure if she were able to find a king to rule in her place.",
"She settled on Eric of Pomerania, grandson of her sister.",
"Thus at an all-Scandinavian meeting held at Kalmar, Erik of Pomerania was crowned king of all three Scandinavian countries.",
"Thus, royal politics resulted in personal unions between the Nordic countries, eventually bringing the thrones of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden under the control of Queen Margaret when the country entered into the Kalmar Union."
] |
[
0
] |
Synopsis
|
What is the scenary where Rihanna sings the chorus?
|
Love the Way You Lie
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
0
] |
[
"Rihanna sings the chorus in front of a burning house, while an interspersing scene shows fire on a woman's (Fox) palms.",
"In another scene, the woman is asleep with her lover (Monaghan) and wakes up.",
"Eminem begins to rap in an open field.",
"The woman attacks her lover after seeing the name \"Cindy\" and a phone number written on his hand.",
"He unsuccessfully tries to kiss the woman and brings her back after she attempts to leave him.",
"The man then pushes her onto the wall and aims his fist at her, puncturing the wall instead.",
"After Rihanna sings again, the video flashes back to when the couple first meet \"at a seedy dive bar next door\" to a liquor store.",
"The man steals a bottle of vodka and they kiss on the rooftop.",
"During the present, the man apologizes to his lover and they are reconciled.",
"In another flashback, he attacks someone who plays pool with his lover.",
"Eminem joins Rihanna in front of the burning house for the final verse.",
"Meanwhile, after the flashback, the woman comes home and locks herself in the bathroom to stop her abusive lover from entering.",
"In another scene, the fire on her palms vanish as she clasps her hands.",
"Flames later engulf Eminem and the couple, who are then shown fighting in front of the burning house.",
"In the end, the couple stay together and the video returns to their first scene, in which they sleep."
] |
[
4,
0
] |
Society
|
What is zakat?
|
Saudi Arabia
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
11
] |
[
"Saudi society has a number of issues and tensions.",
"A rare independent opinion poll published in 2010 indicated that Saudis' main social concerns were unemployment (at 10% in 2010), corruption and religious extremism.",
"Crime is not a significant problem.",
"However, the government of Saudi Arabia's objective of being a religious Islamic country, coupled with economic difficulties, has created deep social tensions in Saudi society.",
"Many Saudis want a reformed, more secular government and to have more influence in the political process.",
"On the other hand, juvenile delinquency, drug-use and excessive use of alcohol are getting worse.",
"High unemployment and a generation of young males filled with contempt toward the Royal Family is a significant threat to Saudi social stability.",
"Some Saudis feel they are entitled to well-paid government jobs, and the failure of the government to satisfy this sense of entitlement has led to considerable dissatisfaction.",
"The Shiite minority, located primarily in the Eastern Province, are subjected to institutionalized government discrimination, inequality and repression.",
"Terrorist attacks in Saudi Arabia have made it clear that Saudi Arabia does harbor indigenous terrorists.",
"According to a 2009 U.S. State Department communication by Hillary Clinton, United States Secretary of State, (disclosed as part of the Wikileaks U.S. 'cables leaks' controversy in 2010) \"donors in Saudi Arabia constitute the most significant source of funding to Sunni terrorist groups worldwide\".",
"Part of this funding arises through the zakat (an act of charity dictated by Islam) paid by all Saudis to charities, and amounting to at least 2.5% of their income.",
"Although many charities are genuine, others, it is alleged, serve as fronts for money laundering and terrorist financing operations.",
"While many Saudis contribute to those charities in good faith believing their money goes toward good causes, it has been alleged that others know full well the terrorist purposes to which their money will be applied.",
"According to a study conducted by Dr. Nura Al-Suwaiyan, director of the family safety program at the National Guard Hospital, one in four children are abused in Saudi Arabia.",
"The National Society for Human Rights reports that almost 45% of the country's children are facing some sort of abuse and domestic violence.",
"It has also been claimed that trafficking of women is a particular problem in Saudi Arabia as the country's large number of female foreign domestic workers, and loopholes in the system cause many to fall victim to abuse and torture.",
"Widespread inbreeding in Saudi Arabia, resulting from the traditional practice of encouraging marriage between close relatives, has produced high levels of several genetic disorders including thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, spinal muscular atrophy, deafness and muteness."
] |
[
0
] |
"The Victors"
|
The real-life execution of what individual inspired the scene in the movie that used the song?
|
Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
3
] |
[
"Frank Sinatra's version was controversially used by director Carl Foreman in his 1963 anti-war film \"The Victors\" as the soundtrack backdrop (along with the carol \"Hark!",
"The Herald Angels Sing\") to the execution by firing squad of a G.I.",
"deserter in a bleak, snowy field on Christmas Eve - a scene inspired by the real-life execution of Pvt.",
"Eddie Slovik in 1945.",
"The \"New York Times\" film reviewer, while recognising the power of the scene, complained that \"the device itself is almost as specious and sentimental as what is trying to mock.\""
] |
[
0
] |
Dispositions of forces and tactics
|
Who commanded the right division at the Battle of Hasting?
|
Battle of Hastings
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
9
] |
[
"Most recent historians conclude that Harold's forces deployed in a small, dense formation around the top of Caldbec Hill, with their flanks protected by woods and a stream and marshy ground in front of them.",
"Lawson points out the possibility that the English line was a bit longer and extended enough to anchor on one of the streams nearby.",
"The English formed a shield wall, with the front ranks holding their shields close together or even overlapping to provide protection from attack.",
"More is known about the Norman deployment.",
"Duke William appears to have arranged his forces in three groups, or \"battles\", which roughly corresponded to their origins.",
"The left units were the Bretons, along with those from Anjou, Poitou and Maine.",
"This division was led by Alan the Red, a relative of the Breton count.",
"The centre was held by the Normans, under the direct command of the duke and with many of his relatives and kinsmen grouped around the ducal party.",
"The final division on the right consisted of the Frenchmen, along with some men from Picardy, Boulogne, and Flanders.",
"The right was commanded by William fitzOsbern and Count Eustace II of Boulogne.",
"The front lines were archers with a line of foot soldiers armed with spears behind.",
"There were probably a few crossbowmen and slingers in with the archers.",
"The cavalry was held in reserve, and a small group of clergymen and servants situated at the base of Telham Hill was not expected to take part in the fighting.",
"William's disposition of his forces implies that he planned to open the battle with archers in the front rank weakening the enemy with arrows, followed by infantry who would engage in close combat.",
"The infantry would create openings in the English lines that could be exploited by a cavalry charge to break through the English forces and pursue the fleeing soldiers."
] |
[
3
] |
Gamma-ray telescopes
|
At what photon energy does the index of refraction start to increase again?
|
Telescope
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
7
] |
[
"Higher energy X-ray and Gamma-ray telescopes refrain from focusing completely and use coded aperture masks: the patterns of the shadow the mask creates can be reconstructed to form an image.X-ray and Gamma-ray telescopes are usually on Earth-orbiting satellites or high-flying balloons since the Earth's atmosphere is opaque to this part of the electromagnetic spectrum.",
"However, high energy X-rays and gamma-rays do not form an image in the same way as telescopes at visible wavelengths.",
"An example of this type of telescope is the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope.",
"The detection of very high energy gamma rays, with shorter wavelength and higher frequency than regular gamma rays, requires further specialization.",
"An example of this type of observatory is VERITAS.",
"Very high energy gamma-rays are still photons, like visible light, whereas cosmic rays includes particles like electrons, protons, and heavier nuclei.",
"A discovery in 2012 may allow focusing gamma-ray telescopes.",
"At photon energies greater than 700 keV, the index of refraction starts to increase again."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
What kind of meat is normally used in a kebab?
|
Kebab
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
2
] |
[
"Kebab (also kebap or kabab) is a Middle Eastern dish of pieces of meat, fish, or vegetables roasted or grilled on a skewer or spit originating in the Middle East, whereas in Europe it refers to doner kebab, sliced meat served in a pita.",
"In the Middle East, however, kebab refers to meat that is cooked over or next to flames; large or small cuts of meat, or even ground meat; it may be served on plates, in sandwiches, or in bowls.",
"The traditional meat for kebab is lamb, but depending on local tastes and religious prohibitions, other meats may include beef, goat, chicken, pork or fish.",
"Like other ethnic foods brought by travellers, the kebab has remained a part of everyday cuisine in most of the Eastern Mediterranean and South Asia.",
"It is also popular among Western youth as a snack after a night-out."
] |
[
0
] |
Berries
|
Berries are formed by which number of ovaries?
|
Fruit
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
0
] |
[
"Berries are another type of fleshy fruit; they are simple fruit created from a single ovary.",
"The ovary may be compound, with several carpels.",
"Type include (examples follow in the table below):",
" Pepo – Berries where the skin is hardened, cucurbits",
" Hesperidium – Berries with a rind and a juicy interior, like most citrus fruit"
] |
[] |
Applications
|
What is one of the concepts of evolutionary biology?
|
Evolution
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"Concepts and models used in evolutionary biology, such as natural selection, have many applications.",
"Artificial selection is the intentional selection of traits in a population of organisms.",
"This has been used for thousands of years in the domestication of plants and animals.",
"More recently, such selection has become a vital part of genetic engineering, with selectable markers such as antibiotic resistance genes being used to manipulate DNA.",
"Proteins with valuable properties have evolved by repeated rounds of mutation and selection (for example modified enzymes and new antibodies) in a process called directed evolution.",
"Understanding the changes that have occurred during organism's evolution can reveal the genes needed to construct parts of the body, genes which may be involved in human genetic disorders.",
"For example, the mexican tetra is an albino cavefish that lost its eyesight during evolution.",
"Breeding together different populations of this blind fish produced some offspring with functional eyes, since different mutations had occurred in the isolated populations that had evolved in different caves.",
"This helped identify genes required for vision and pigmentation.",
"Many human diseases are not static phenomena, but capable of evolution.",
"Viruses, bacteria, fungi and cancers evolve to be resistant to host immune defences, as well as pharmaceutical drugs.",
"These same problems occur in agriculture with pesticide and herbicide resistance.",
"It is possible that we are facing the end of the effective life of most of available antibiotics and predicting the evolution and evolvability of our pathogens and devising strategies to slow or circumvent it is requiring deeper knowledge of the complex forces driving evolution at the molecular level.",
"In computer science, simulations of evolution using evolutionary algorithms and artificial life started in the 1960s and was extended with simulation of artificial selection.",
"Artificial evolution became a widely recognised optimisation method as a result of the work of Ingo Rechenberg in the 1960s.",
"He used evolution strategies to solve complex engineering problems.",
"Genetic algorithms in particular became popular through the writing of John Holland.",
"Practical applications also include automatic evolution of computer programmes.",
"Evolutionary algorithms are now used to solve multi-dimensional problems more efficiently than software produced by human designers and also to optimise the design of systems."
] |
[
0
] |
Sports
|
How man times was the Olympic Games hosted in the United States?
|
United States
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
10
] |
[
"The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.",
"Baseball has been regarded as the national sport since the late 19th century, while American football is now by several measures the most popular spectator sport.",
"Basketball and ice hockey are the country's next two leading professional team sports.",
"These four major sports, when played professionally, each occupy a season at different, but overlapping, times of the year.",
"College football and basketball attract large audiences.",
"Boxing and horse racing were once the most watched individual sports, but they have been eclipsed by golf and auto racing, particularly NASCAR.",
"In the 21st century, televised mixed martial arts has also gained a strong following of regular viewers.",
"While soccer is less popular in the United States than in many other nations, the men's national soccer team has been to the past six World Cups and the women are #1 in the women's world rankings.",
"While most major U.S. sports have evolved out of European practices, basketball, volleyball, skateboarding, snowboarding, and cheerleading are American inventions, some of which have become popular in other countries.",
"Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact.",
"Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States.",
"The United States has won 2,400 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other country, and 281 in the Winter Olympic Games, the second most by 2014."
] |
[
5
] |
Continental Europe
|
Which countries in Europe provided funding for new industries during the Industrial Revolution?
|
Industrial Revolution
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
6
] |
[
"Industrialisation beyond Great Britain.",
"Continental Europe.",
"The Industrial Revolution on Continental Europe came a little later than in Great Britain.",
"In many industries, this involved the application of technology developed in Britain in new places.",
"Often the technology was purchased from Britain or British engineers and entrepreneurs moved abroad in search of new opportunities.",
"By 1809 part of the Ruhr Valley in Westphalia was called 'Miniature England' because of its similarities to the industrial areas of England.",
"The German, Russian and Belgian governments all provided state funding to the new industries.",
"In some cases (such as iron), the different availability of resources locally meant that only some aspects of the British technology were adopted."
] |
[] |
Home media
|
Including domestic DVD sales, how much did Terminator Salvation gross?
|
Terminator Salvation
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
6
] |
[
"The DVD and Blu-ray Disc of the film was released on December 1, 2009.",
"The former contains the theatrical cut of the film with a featurette on the Mototerminators.",
"The Blu-ray features both the theatrical cut and the R-rated Director's cut, which is three minutes longer (118 minutes), with bonus material including Maximum Movie Mode, a video commentary in which director McG talks about the film while it plays, featurettes, a video archive, and a digital comic of the first issue of the official film prequel comic.",
"Both versions include a digital copy of the theatrical cut for portable media players.",
"Target Stores will be the only retailer to carry the Director's Cut on DVD.",
"On its first week of retail, \"Terminator Salvation\" debuted at the top spot of the Blu-ray charts, and on second in the DVD charts, behind \"Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian\".",
"The film made $29,811,432 in domestic DVD sales bringing its total gross to $401,439,971 "
] |
[
5
] |
Society
|
What percentage of U.S children are victims of abuse?
|
Saudi Arabia
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
15
] |
[
"Saudi society has a number of issues and tensions.",
"A rare independent opinion poll published in 2010 indicated that Saudis' main social concerns were unemployment (at 10% in 2010), corruption and religious extremism.",
"Crime is not a significant problem.",
"However, the government of Saudi Arabia's objective of being a religious Islamic country, coupled with economic difficulties, has created deep social tensions in Saudi society.",
"Many Saudis want a reformed, more secular government and to have more influence in the political process.",
"On the other hand, juvenile delinquency, drug-use and excessive use of alcohol are getting worse.",
"High unemployment and a generation of young males filled with contempt toward the Royal Family is a significant threat to Saudi social stability.",
"Some Saudis feel they are entitled to well-paid government jobs, and the failure of the government to satisfy this sense of entitlement has led to considerable dissatisfaction.",
"The Shiite minority, located primarily in the Eastern Province, are subjected to institutionalized government discrimination, inequality and repression.",
"Terrorist attacks in Saudi Arabia have made it clear that Saudi Arabia does harbor indigenous terrorists.",
"According to a 2009 U.S. State Department communication by Hillary Clinton, United States Secretary of State, (disclosed as part of the Wikileaks U.S. 'cables leaks' controversy in 2010) \"donors in Saudi Arabia constitute the most significant source of funding to Sunni terrorist groups worldwide\".",
"Part of this funding arises through the zakat (an act of charity dictated by Islam) paid by all Saudis to charities, and amounting to at least 2.5% of their income.",
"Although many charities are genuine, others, it is alleged, serve as fronts for money laundering and terrorist financing operations.",
"While many Saudis contribute to those charities in good faith believing their money goes toward good causes, it has been alleged that others know full well the terrorist purposes to which their money will be applied.",
"According to a study conducted by Dr. Nura Al-Suwaiyan, director of the family safety program at the National Guard Hospital, one in four children are abused in Saudi Arabia.",
"The National Society for Human Rights reports that almost 45% of the country's children are facing some sort of abuse and domestic violence.",
"It has also been claimed that trafficking of women is a particular problem in Saudi Arabia as the country's large number of female foreign domestic workers, and loopholes in the system cause many to fall victim to abuse and torture.",
"Widespread inbreeding in Saudi Arabia, resulting from the traditional practice of encouraging marriage between close relatives, has produced high levels of several genetic disorders including thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, spinal muscular atrophy, deafness and muteness."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
Where was karate created?
|
Karate
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"Karate developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom.",
"It was brought to the Japanese mainland in the early 20th century during a time of cultural exchanges between the Japanese and the Ryukyuans.",
"It was systematically taught in Japan after the Taisho era.",
"In 1922 the Japanese Ministry of Education invited Gichin Funakoshi to Tokyo to give a karate demonstration.",
"In 1924 Keio University established the first university karate club in Japan and by 1932, major Japanese universities had karate clubs.",
"In this era of escalating Japanese militarism, the name was changed from (\"Chinese hand\" or \"Tang hand\") to (\"empty hand\") – both of which are pronounced \"karate\" – to indicate that the Japanese wished to develop the combat form in Japanese style.",
"After World War II, Okinawa became an important United States military site and karate became popular among servicemen stationed there.",
"The martial arts movies of the 1960s and 1970s served to greatly increase the popularity of martial arts around the world, and in English the word \"karate\" began to be used in a generic way to refer to all striking-based Oriental martial arts.",
"Karate schools began appearing across the world, catering to those with casual interest as well as those seeking a deeper study of the art.",
"Shigeru Egami, Chief Instructor of Shotokan Dojo, opined \"that the majority of followers of karate in overseas countries pursue karate only for its fighting techniques ... Movies and television ... depict karate as a mysterious way of fighting capable of causing death or injury with a single blow ... the mass media present a pseudo art far from the real thing.\"",
"Shoshin Nagamine said \"Karate may be considered as the conflict within oneself or as a life-long marathon which can be won only through self-discipline, hard training and one's own creative efforts.",
"\"In 2009, in the 121st International Olympic Committee voting, karate did not receive the necessary two-thirds majority vote to become an Olympic sport.",
"Karate was being considered for the 2020 Olympics,—however at a meeting of the IOC's executive board, held in Russia on May 29, 2013, it was decided that karate (along with wushu and several other non-martial arts) would not be considered for inclusion in 2020 at the IOC's 125th session in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in September 2013.",
"Web Japan (sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs) claims there are 50 million karate practitioners worldwide, while the World Karate Federation claims there are 100 million practitioners around the world."
] |
[
4
] |
From naming to numbering
|
Who was Pollock's wife?
|
Jackson Pollock
| false | 3ART
|
[
2
] |
[
"Continuing to evade the viewer's search for figurative elements in his paintings, Pollock abandoned titles and started numbering his works.",
"He said about this: \"...look passively and try to receive what the painting has to offer and not bring a subject matter or preconceived idea of what they are to be looking for\".",
"Pollock's wife, Lee Krasner, said Pollock \"used to give his pictures conventional titles... but now he simply numbers them.",
"Numbers are neutral.",
"They make people look at a picture for what it is—pure painting.\""
] |
[
3
] |
Posthumous fame
|
how much did wheatfield with cypresses cost in 1993?
|
Vincent van Gogh
| true | 3ART
|
[
9
] |
[
"Posthumous fame.",
"Following his first exhibitions in the late 1880s, Van Gogh's fame grew steadily among colleagues, art critics, dealers and collectors.",
"After his death, memorial exhibitions were mounted in Brussels, Paris, The Hague and Antwerp.",
"In the early 20th century, there were retrospectives in Paris (1901 and 1905), and Amsterdam (1905), and important group exhibitions in Cologne (1912), New York (1913) and Berlin (1914).",
"These had a noticeable impact on later generations of artists.",
"By the mid 20th century Van Gogh was seen as one of the greatest and most recognizable painters in history.",
"In 2007 a group of Dutch historians compiled the \"Canon of Dutch History\" to be taught in schools and included Van Gogh as one of the fifty topics of the canon, alongside other national icons such as Rembrandt and De Stijl.",
"Together with those of Pablo Picasso, Van Gogh's works are among the world's most expensive paintings ever sold, based on data from auctions and private sales.",
"Those sold for over US$100 million (today's equivalent) include Portrait of Dr. Gachet, Portrait of Joseph Roulin and Irises.",
"A Wheatfield with Cypresses was sold in 1993 for US$57 million, a spectacularly high price at the time, while his Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear was sold privately in the late 1990s for an estimated US$80/$90 million.",
"A newly discovered painting by the Dutch artist was publicly unveiled on September 10, 2013, after it was retrieved from the attic of a Norwegian collector who misjudged the work as a fraud following its purchase in 1908.",
"\"Sunset at Montmajour\" is a large oil landscape painting and, as of September 24, 2013, is displayed at Amsterdam's Van Gogh Museum."
] |
[
5
] |
Geology
|
Why did Borglum choose this particular site?
|
Mount Rushmore
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
10,
11,
12,
13
] |
[
"Mount Rushmore is largely composed of granite.",
"The memorial is carved on the northwest margin of the Harney Peak granite batholith in the Black Hills of South Dakota, so the geologic formations of the heart of the Black Hills region are also evident at Mount Rushmore.",
"The batholith magma intruded into the pre-existing mica schist rocks during the Proterozoic, roughly 1.6 billion years ago.",
"Coarse grained pegmatite dikes are associated with the granite intrusion of Harney Peak and are visibly lighter in color, thus explaining the light-colored streaks on the foreheads of the presidents.",
"The Black Hills granites were exposed to erosion during the Neoproterozoic, but were later buried by sandstone and other sediments during the Cambrian.",
"Remaining buried throughout the Paleozoic, they were re-exposed again during the Laramide orogeny around 70 million years ago.",
"The Black Hills area was uplifted as an elongated geologic dome.",
"Subsequent erosion stripped the granite of the overlying sediments and the softer adjacent schist.",
"Some schist does remain and can be seen as the darker material just below the sculpture of Washington.",
"The tallest mountain in the region is Harney Peak ().",
"Borglum selected Mount Rushmore as the site for several reasons.",
"The rock of the mountain is composed of smooth, fine-grained granite.",
"The durable granite erodes only every 10,000 years, thus was more than sturdy enough to support the sculpture and its long-term exposure.",
"The mountain's height of above sea level made it suitable, and because it faces the southeast, the workers also had the advantage of sunlight for most of the day."
] |
[
1
] |
Recipe
|
How do Poutine differ in France and Quebec?
|
Poutine
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
0,
1,
2,
3,
5
] |
[
"In the basic recipe for poutine, French fries are covered with fresh cheese curds, and topped with brown gravy.",
"In a Quebec poutine:",
"\"Fries\": Usually of medium thickness, and fried (sometimes doubly) so that the inside stays soft, while the outside is crispy.",
"\"Cheese curds\": Fresh cheese curds are used to give the desired texture.",
"The curd size may vary but is usually slightly smaller than bite-sized.",
"\"Gravy\": Traditionally a light and thin chicken, veal, or turkey gravy, mildly spiced with a hint of pepper, or a \"sauce brune\" which is a combination of beef and chicken stock, a variant originating in Quebec.",
"The gravy should be thin enough to easily filter down into the mass of fries and cheese curds.",
"These sauces typically also contain vinegar or a sour flavouring to balance the richness of the cheese and fries.",
"Traditional poutine sauces (\"mélange à sauce poutine\") are sold in Quebec, Ontario, and Maritime grocery stores in jars or cans and in powdered mix packets.",
"Recently, some stores have begun to offer vegetarian gravy as an option to cater to ovolactovegetarians.",
"Heavy beef or pork-based brown gravies are rarely used.",
"To maintain the texture of the fries, the cheese curd and gravy are added immediately prior to serving the dish.",
"The hot gravy is usually poured over the cold cheese curds, so that the cheese is warmed without completely melting.",
"It is important to control the temperature, timing and the order in which the ingredients are added, so as to obtain the right food textures which is an essential part of the experience of eating poutine."
] |
[
5
] |
T1rho MRI
|
Regading Magnetic resonance imaging, what process of decay occurs under the influence of RF
|
Magnetic resonance imaging
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
9
] |
[
"T1ρ (T1rho): Molecules have a kinetic energy that is a function of the temperature and is expressed as translational and rotational motions, and by collisions between molecules.",
"The moving dipoles disturb the magnetic field but are often extremely rapid so that the average effect over a long time-scale may be zero.",
"However, depending on the time-scale, the interactions between the dipoles do not always average away.",
"At the slowest extreme the interaction time is effectively infinite and occurs where there are large, stationary field disturbances (e.g., a metallic implant).",
"In this case the loss of coherence is described as a \"static dephasing\".",
"T2* is a measure of the loss of coherence in an ensemble of spins that includes all interactions (including static dephasing).",
"T2 is a measure of the loss of coherence that excludes static dephasing, using an RF pulse to reverse the slowest types of dipolar interaction.",
"There is in fact a continuum of interaction time-scales in a given biological sample, and the properties of the refocusing RF pulse can be tuned to refocus more than just static dephasing.",
"In general, the rate of decay of an ensemble of spins is a function of the interaction times and also the power of the RF pulse.",
"This type of decay, occurring under the influence of RF, is known as T1ρ.",
"It is similar to T2 decay but with some slower dipolar interactions refocused, as well as static interactions, hence T1ρ≥T2."
] |
[
0
] |
History
|
How did the Natinoal Air and Space Museum keep costs low in the 1970s
|
National Air and Space Museum
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
10
] |
[
"The museum was originally called the National Air Museum when formed on August 12, 1946 by an act of Congress and signed into law by President Harry S. Truman.",
"Some pieces in the National Air and Space Museum collection date back to the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia after which the Chinese Imperial Commission donated a group of kites to the Smithsonian after Smithsonian Secretary Spencer Fullerton Baird convinced exhibiters that shipping them home would be too costly.",
"The Stringfellow steam engine intended for aircraft was added to the collection in 1889, the first piece actively acquired by the Smithsonian now in the current NASM collection.",
"After the establishment of the museum, there was no one building that could hold all the items to be displayed, many obtained from the United States Army and United States Navy collections of domestic and captured aircraft from World War I.",
"Some pieces were on display in the Arts and Industries Building, some were stored in the Aircraft Building (also known as the \"Tin Shed\"), a large temporary metal shed in the Smithsonian Castle's south yard.",
"Larger missiles and rockets were displayed outdoors in what was known as Rocket Row.",
"The shed housed at large Martin bomber, a LePere fighter-bomber, and an Aeromarine 39B floatplane.",
"Still, much of the collection remained in storage due to a lack of display space.",
"The combination of the large numbers of aircraft donated to the Smithsonian after World War II and the need for hangar and factory space for the Korean War drove the Smithsonian to look for its own facility to store and restore aircraft.",
"The current Garber Facility was ceded to the Smithsonian by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission in 1952 after the curator Paul E. Garber spotted the wooded area from the air.",
"Bulldozers from Fort Belvoir and prefabricated buildings from the United States Navy kept the initial costs low.",
"The space race in the 1950s and 1960s led to the renaming of the museum to the National Air and Space Museum, and finally congressional passage of appropriations for the construction of the new exhibition hall, which opened July 1, 1976 at the height of the United States Bicentennial festivities under the leadership of Director Michael Collins, who had flown to the Moon on Apollo 11.",
"The Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center opened in 2003, funded by a private donation.",
"The museum received COSTAR, the corrective optics instrument installed in the Hubble Space Telescope during its first servicing mission (STS-61), when it was removed and returned to Earth after Space Shuttle mission STS-125.",
"The museum also holds the backup mirror for the Hubble which, unlike the one that was launched, was ground to the correct shape.",
"There were once plans for it to be installed to the Hubble itself, but plans to return the satellite to Earth were scrapped after the Space Shuttle \"Columbia\" disaster in 2003; the mission was re-considered as too risky.",
"The Smithsonian has also been promised the International Cometary Explorer, which is currently in a solar orbit that occasionally brings it back to Earth, should NASA attempt to recover it."
] |
[
5
] |
Synopsis
|
When happens at the end of the music video "Turn Me On (David Guetta song)"?
|
Turn Me On (David Guetta song)
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
11
] |
[
"Set in a steampunk world, Guetta plays a mad scientist creating his very own Nicki Minaj from mechanical parts.",
"The clip opens on Guetta, perhaps trying out some early cosmetic-surgery tactics, putting the final touches on his Minaj doll plans.",
"Then it focuses on the mechanisms behind the Nicki being: latex lips, brass wiring, tubing and various other gizmos.",
"As the song hits the chorus for the first time, fans get a view of his creation.",
"Her plastic skin is shiny and completely bare as she slowly transforms into the very human-looking Nicki.",
"Seemingly pleased with his creation, Guetta unleashes it onto the world.",
"The entrance to the second verse shows Minaj, dressed in a long black dress, black top hat and shocking pink hip-length hair, leaving Guetta's studio through two black gates and is now free to roam the streets, filled with other doll-like creatures who can't help but stare at Guetta's incredibly lifelike creation.",
"With Minaj continuing her journey through town, the other jealous doll creatures make their way to Guetta's lab, where he begins to work on them too, giving them more lifelike appearances.",
"The female creatures then discover that he is a doll himself, however, his interior resembles chainmail.",
"The female dolls then start to feel him.",
"Meanwhile, Nicki is surrounded by the male dolls as she belts out the song.",
"As the video finishes, Minaj is spotted riding her horse around town, as the female dolls make their escape from Guetta's place of business."
] |
[
2
] |
Growth and acquisitions
|
In what year was the original park, Six Flags, sold?
|
Six Flags
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
0
] |
[
"The original park, in Arlington (between Dallas and Fort Worth) was sold in 1966 to a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which was actively pursuing non-railroad investments in an effort to diversify its sources of income.",
"(In 1968, the Pennsylvania Railroad merged with the New York Central Railroad to form Penn Central Corp.) With the new owners came a more abundant supply of capital for geographic expansion and park additions.",
"Six Flags opened Six Flags Over Georgia in 1967 and Six Flags Over Mid-America in 1971, which would, along with Six Flags Over Texas, be the only three parks that would be constructed by the company.",
"The company continued to grow by acquiring independent parks.",
"Six Flags purchased AstroWorld in Houston, Texas in 1975, Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey in 1977 and Magic Mountain in Valencia, California in 1979.",
"These purchases were followed by Penn Central selling assets to Bally Manufacturing in 1982.",
"In 1984, the Great America theme park in Gurnee, Illinois was acquired from the Marriott hotel chain.",
"Also in 1984, as a result of its acquisition of Great America, Six Flags acquired the rights to Time Warner/Warner Bros.' \"Looney Tunes\" animated characters for use in Six Flags properties.",
"Bally surrendered control of the chain to Wesray Capital Corporation in a 1987 leveraged buyout.",
"Time Warner quickly began to gain more leverage in the company, gaining a 19.5% stake in Six Flags in 1990 and then 50% in 1991, with the remaining shares of the company being split by Blackstone Group and Wertheim Schroder & Company.",
"Time Warner purchased the remaining stake in Six Flags in 1993, changing the company's name from \"Six Flags Corp\".",
"to \"Six Flags Theme Parks, Inc\".",
"In 1996, Six Flags began to manage Fiesta Texas theme park in San Antonio, Texas and purchased the park from USAA in 1998."
] |
[
0
] |
Rose Period
|
What year did the rose period end?
|
Pablo Picasso
| true | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"The Rose Period (1904–1906) is characterised by a more cheery style with orange and pink colours, and featuring many circus people, acrobats and harlequins known in France as saltimbanques.",
"The harlequin, a comedic character usually depicted in checkered patterned clothing, became a personal symbol for Picasso.",
"Picasso met Fernande Olivier, a bohemian artist who became his mistress, in Paris in 1904.",
"Olivier appears in many of his Rose Period paintings, many of which are influenced by his warm relationship with her, in addition to his increased exposure to French painting.",
"The generally upbeat and optimistic mood of paintings in this period is reminiscent of the 1899–1901 period (i.e.",
"just prior to the Blue Period) and 1904 can be considered a transition year between the two periods.",
"By 1905, Picasso became a favourite of American art collectors Leo and Gertrude Stein.",
"Their older brother Michael Stein and his wife Sarah also became collectors of his work.",
"Picasso painted portraits of both Gertrude Stein and her nephew Allan Stein.",
"Gertrude Stein became Picasso's principal patron, acquiring his drawings and paintings and exhibiting them in her informal \"Salon\" at her home in Paris.",
"At one of her gatherings in 1905, he met Henri Matisse, who was to become a lifelong friend and rival.",
"The Steins introduced him to Claribel Cone and her sister Etta who were American art collectors; they also began to acquire Picasso and Matisse's paintings.",
"Eventually Leo Stein moved to Italy.",
"Michael and Sarah Stein became patrons of Matisse, while Gertrude Stein continued to collect Picasso.",
"In 1907 Picasso joined an art gallery that had recently been opened in Paris by Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler.",
"Kahnweiler was a German art historian and art collector who became one of the premier French art dealers of the 20th century.",
"He was among the first champions of Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque and the Cubism that they jointly developed.",
"Kahnweiler promoted burgeoning artists such as André Derain, Kees van Dongen, Fernand Léger, Juan Gris, Maurice de Vlaminck and several others who had come from all over the globe to live and work in Montparnasse at the time."
] |
[
0
] |
At auction
|
How much did Jackson Pollock's piece "Blue Poles: Number 11, 1952" sell for at auction in 1973?
|
Jackson Pollock
| false | 3ART
|
[
2
] |
[
"Art market.",
"At auction.",
"In 1973, Blue Poles \"(Blue Poles: Number 11, 1952),\" was purchased by the Australian Whitlam Government for the National Gallery of Australia for US $2 million (A$1.3 million at the time of payment).",
"At the time, this was the highest price ever paid for a modern painting.",
"The painting is now one of the most popular exhibits in the gallery.",
"It was a centerpiece of the Museum of Modern Art's 1998 retrospective in New York, the first time the painting had been shown in America since its purchase.",
"In November 2006, Pollock's \"No.",
"5, 1948\" became the world's most expensive painting, when it was sold privately to an undisclosed buyer for the sum of $140,000,000.",
"Another artist record was established in 2004, when \"No.",
"12\" (1949), a medium-sized drip painting that had been shown in the United States Pavilion at the 1950 Venice Biennale, fetched $11.7 million at Christie's, New York.",
"In 2012, \"Number 28, 1951,\" one of the artist’s combinations of drip and brushwork in shades of silvery gray with red, yellow and shots of blue and white, also sold at Christie's, New York, for $20.5 million—$23 million with fees—within its estimated range of $20 million to $30 million.",
"In 2013 Pollock's \"Number 19\" (1948) was sold by Christies for a reported $58,363,750 during an auction that ultimately reached $495 million total sales in one night which Christies reports as a record to date as the most expensive auction of contemporary art."
] |
[
5
] |
Title and subject
|
Who was the Italian painting named for?
|
Mona Lisa
| true | 3ART
|
[
11
] |
[
"The title of the painting that is known in English as Mona Lisa stems from a description by Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote \"\"Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife\".\"",
"\"Mona\" in Italian is a polite form of address originating as \"ma donna\" —similar to \"Ma’am\", \"Madam\", or \"my lady\" in English.",
"This became \"madonna\", and its contraction \"mona\".",
"The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled \"Mona\" (as used by Vasari), is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as \"Monna Lisa\", but this is rare in English.",
"Vasari's account of the \"Mona Lisa\" comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death, and which has long been the best known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter.",
"Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1525, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named \"la Gioconda\", a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo.",
"That Leonardo painted such a work, and its date, were confirmed in 2005 when a scholar at Heidelberg University discovered a marginal note in a 1477 printing of a volume written by the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero.",
"The note is dated October 1503 and was written by Leonardo's contemporary Agostino Vespucci.",
"This note likens Leonardo to renowned Greek painter Apelles, who is mentioned in the text, and states that Leonardo was at that time working on a painting of Lisa del Giocondo.",
"The sitter, Lisa del Giocondo,was a member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany, and the wife of wealthy Florentine silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo.",
"The painting is thought to have been commissioned for their new home, and to celebrate the birth of their second son, Andrea.",
"The Italian name for the painting, \"La Gioconda\", means \"jocund\" (\"happy\" or \"jovial\"), or literally \"the jocund one\", a pun on the feminine form of the sitter's married name \"Giocondo\".",
"In French, the title \"La Joconde\" has the same meaning.",
"Over the years there have been several alternative views among scholars as to the subject of the painting.",
"Some have argued that Lisa del Giocondo was the subject of a different portrait, identifying at least four other paintings as the \"Mona Lisa\" referred to by Vasari.",
"Several other individuals have been proposed as the subject of the painting.",
"Isabella of Aragon, Cecilia Gallerani, Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla, Isabella d'Este, Pacifica Brandano or Brandino, Isabela Gualanda, Caterina Sforza, —even Salaì and Leonardo himself— are all among the list of posited models portrayed in the painting.",
"Currently, the consensus of art historians is that the painting depicts Lisa del Giocondo, which has always been the traditional view."
] |
[
3
] |
Cloning extinct and endangered species
|
How were tissue samples from the last "bucardo" preserved
|
Cloning
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
9
] |
[
" extinct and endangered species.",
"Cloning, or more precisely, the reconstruction of functional DNA from extinct species has, for decades, been a dream of some scientists.",
"Current cloning techniques have an average success rate of less than 5 percent, even when working with familiar species; cloning wild animals is usually less than 1 percent successful.",
"The possible implications of this were dramatized in the best-selling novel by Michael Crichton and high budget Hollywood thriller \"Jurassic Park\".",
"Early hopes to save species through cloning have been dashed as the difficulties of cloning any species have made progress very slow.",
"Several tissue banks have come into existence, including the \"Frozen Zoo\" at the San Diego Zoo, to store frozen tissue from the world's rarest and most endangered species.",
"In 2001, a cow named Bessie gave birth to a cloned Asian gaur, an endangered species, but the calf died after two days.",
"In 2003, a banteng was successfully cloned, followed by three African wildcats from a thawed frozen embryo.",
"These successes provided hope that similar techniques (using surrogate mothers of another species) might be used to clone extinct species.",
"Anticipating this possibility, tissue samples from the last \"bucardo\" (Pyrenean Ibex) were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after it died in 2000.",
"Researchers are also considering cloning endangered species such as the giant panda and cheetah.",
"In 2002, geneticists at the Australian Museum announced that they had replicated DNA of the Thylacine (Tasmanian Tiger), at the time extinct for about 65 years, using polymerase chain reaction.",
"However, on February 15, 2005 the museum announced that it was stopping the project after tests showed the specimens' DNA had been too badly degraded by the (ethanol) preservative.",
"On 15 May 2005 it was announced that the Thylacine project would be revived, with new participation from researchers in New South Wales and Victoria.",
"In January 2009, for the first time, an extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex mentioned above was cloned, at the Centre of Food Technology and Research of Aragon, using the preserved DNA of the skin samples from 2001 and domestic goat egg-cells.",
"The ibex died shortly after birth due to physical defects in its lungs.",
"One of the most anticipated targets for cloning was once the Woolly Mammoth, but attempts to extract DNA from frozen mammoths have been unsuccessful, though a joint Russo-Japanese team is currently working toward this goal.",
"In January 2011, it was reported by Yomiuri Shimbun that a team of scientists headed by Akira Iritani of Kyoto University had built upon research by Dr. Wakayama, saying that they will extract DNA from a mammoth carcass that had been preserved in a Russian laboratory and insert it into the egg cells of an African elephant in hopes of producing a mammoth embryo.",
"The researchers said they hoped to produce a baby mammoth within six years.",
"Scientists at the University of Newcastle and University of New South Wales announced in March 2013 that the very recently extinct gastric-brooding frog would be the subject of a cloning attempt to resurrect the species."
] |
[
5
] |
Recurring cast
|
What character did Nick Zano sleep with in an episode in Season 2?
|
2 Broke Girls
| true | 1TV
|
[
6
] |
[
" Brooke Lyons as Peach Landis (season 1-2), a high society mother who acts like the most clueless version of that.",
"She is the woman whose babies, Brad and Angelina (a reference to real-life actors Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie), Max babysits for.",
"She fired Max from that job to appease an awful friend of hers after a cupcake-catering mishap, and after she begged Max to return full-time, Max decided that she would only return in a part-time capacity.",
"Her last appearance was in the third episode of the show's second season and hasn't been seen or heard from since.",
" Nick Zano as Johnny (seasons 1–2), Max's on-again-off-again love interest.",
"He told Max he broke up with Cashandra and was getting married to another women he just met a week ago in the season 1 finale.",
"He was not seen again until the episode \"And the Big Opening\" of season 2, in which he and Max had sex.",
"He and Max both agreed that they only wanted each other when they were taken by another person.",
"He left at the end of that episode promising her he would see her again someday.",
" Ryan Hansen as Andy (season 2), a candy store owner whose business was across from the cupcake store, and Caroline's love interest in season 2.",
" Federico Dordei as Luis (season 3), a flamboyant man who becomes the new day waiter in the third season episode \"And the Group Head\", who likes Oleg.",
" Gilles Marini as Nicolas (season 3), a French \"master baker\" who owns and teaches at the Manhattan School of Pastry; he was Caroline's love interest, until she realized he is married in \"And the French Kiss\".",
" Mary Lynn Rajskub as Bebe (season 3), a neurotic pastry chef who works at the front desk of the Manhattan School of Pastry.",
" Eric André as Deacon \"Deke\" Bromberg (season 3), a sarcastic student at the Pastry School who quickly becomes Max's friend and later boyfriend.",
"He's the second person Max says \"I love you\" to (the first being Caroline).",
"It's later revealed he's rich, his parents owning a large elevator company.",
" Patrick Cox as John (season 3), a large homosexual bald man who shares a table in the pastry school classroom with Max, who nicknames him \"Big Mary\"."
] |
[
0
] |
Acts of vandalism
|
In what year was The Night Watch first cut by a vandal with a knife?
|
The Night Watch
| false | 3ART
|
[
1
] |
[
"On January 13, 1911, a man slashed the painting with a shoemaker's knife.",
"The work was attacked with a bread knife by an unemployed school teacher on September 14, 1975, resulting in several large zig-zagged slashes.",
"It was successfully restored after four years, but some evidence of the damage is still visible up close.",
"The man was never charged and committed suicide in a mental institution in April 1976.",
"On April 6, 1990, a man sprayed acid onto the painting with a concealed pump bottle.",
"Security guards intervened and water was quickly sprayed onto the canvas.",
"The acid had only penetrated the varnish layer of the painting and it was fully restored."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
Starry Night is the picture of a town in which country?
|
The Starry Night
| true | 3ART
|
[
1
] |
[
"Starry Night () is a painting by the Dutch post-impressionist artist Vincent van Gogh.",
"Painted in June 1889, it depicts the view outside of his sanitarium room window at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (located in southern France) at night, although it was painted from memory during the day.",
"It has been in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, part of the Lillie P. Bliss Bequest, since 1941.",
"The painting is among Van Gogh's most well-known works and marks a decisive turn towards greater imaginative freedom in his art."
] |
[] |
Development
|
When was Schwartz working on the polot
|
Gossip Girl
| false | 1TV
|
[
2
] |
[
"The \"Gossip Girl\" book series was originally supposed to be adapted into a film starring Lindsay Lohan with head \"Gilmore Girls\" creator Amy Sherman-Palladino.",
"When the film project did not get off the ground, Stephanie Savage and Josh Schwartz took over the project to create a television series.",
"As of October 2006, Schwartz was working on the pilot.",
"He said: \"I was very skeptical.",
"I don't want to do \"The O.C.",
"NYC\".",
"But I thought the books were smart.",
"The characters are worldly in a way that Orange County kids aren't.\"",
"The characteristics for each character in the pilot were based on the first \"Gossip Girl\" book.",
"In January 2007, the show was given the green light by The CW."
] |
[
2
] |
1857–1900
|
Eminent domain in 1857 cause the eviction of how many residents?
|
Central Park
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
19
] |
[
"Central Park was not a part of the Commissioners' Plan of 1811; however, between 1821 and 1855, New York City nearly quadrupled in population.",
"Since it was not part of the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, John Randel, Jr., surveyed the park and the only remaining surveying bolt from his survey is still visible.",
"The bolt is in a rock just north of the Dairy and the 65th Street Transverse and south of Center Drive.",
"As the city expanded, people were drawn to the few existing open spaces, mainly cemeteries, to get away from the noise and chaotic life in the city.",
"New York City's need for a great public park was voiced by the poet and editor of the \"Evening Post\" (now the \"New York Post\"), William Cullen Bryant, and by the first American landscape architect, Andrew Jackson Downing, who began to publicize the city's need for a public park in 1844.",
"A stylish place for open-air driving, similar to the Bois de Boulogne in Paris or London's Hyde Park, was felt to be needed by many influential New Yorkers, and, after an abortive attempt in 1850-51 to designate Jones's Wood, in 1853 the New York legislature settled upon a area from 59th to 106th Streets for the creation of the park, at a cost of more than US$5 million for the land alone.",
"The state appointed a Central Park Commission to oversee the development of the park, and in 1857 the commission held a landscape design contest.",
"Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux developed what came to be known as the \"Greensward Plan\", which was selected as the winning design.",
"According to Olmsted, the park was \"\"of great importance as the first real Park made in this country—a democratic development of the highest significance…,\"\" a view probably inspired by his stay and various trips in Europe during 1850.",
"He visited several parks during these trips and was particularly impressed by Birkenhead Park and Derby Arboretum in England.",
"Several influences came together in the design.",
"Landscaped cemeteries, such as Mount Auburn (Cambridge, Massachusetts) and Green-Wood (Brooklyn, New York) had set examples of idyllic, naturalistic landscapes.",
"The most influential innovations in the Central Park design were the \"separate circulation\" systems for pedestrians, horseback riders, and pleasure vehicles.",
"The \"crosstown\" commercial traffic was entirely concealed in sunken roadways, (today called \"transverses\"), screened with densely planted shrub belts so as to maintain a rustic ambiance.",
"The Greensward plan called for some 36 bridges, all designed by Vaux, ranging from rugged spans of Manhattan schist or granite, to lacy neo-gothic cast iron; no two are alike.",
"The ensemble of the formal line of the Mall's doubled allées of elms culminating at Bethesda Terrace, whose centerpiece is the Bethesda Fountain, with a composed view beyond of lake and woodland, was at the heart of the larger design.",
"Execution of the \"Greensward Plan\" was the responsibility of a number of individuals, including Jacob Wrey Mould (architect), Ignaz Anton Pilat (master gardener), George Waring (engineer), and Andrew Haswell Green (politician), in addition to Olmsted and Vaux.",
"Before the construction of the park could start, the area had to be cleared of its inhabitants,most of whom were quite poor and either free African Americans or residents of English or Irish origin.",
"Most of them lived in small villages, such as Seneca Village, Harsenville, or the Piggery District; or in the school and convent at Mount St. Vincent's Academy.",
"Around 1,600 residents occupying the area at the time, were evicted under the rule of eminent domain during 1857.",
"Seneca Village and parts of the other communities were razed to make room for the park.",
"During the construction of the park, Olmsted fought constant battles with the park commissioners, many of whom were appointees of the city's Democratic machine.",
"In 1860, he was forced out for the first of many times as Central Park's superintendent, and Andrew Haswell Green, the former president of New York City's board of education took over as the chairman of the commission.",
"Despite the fact that he had relatively little experience, he still managed to accelerate the construction, as well as to finalize the negotiations for the purchase of an additional at the north end of the park, between 106th and 110th Streets, which would be used as the \"rugged\" part of the park, its swampy northeast corner dredged, and reconstructed as the Harlem Meer.",
"Between 1860 and 1873, most of the major hurdles to construction were overcome, and the park was substantially completed.",
"Construction combined the modern with the ageless: up-to-date steam-powered equipment and custom-designed wheeled tree moving machines augmented massive numbers of unskilled laborers wielding shovels.",
"The work was extensively documented with technical drawings and photographs.",
"During this period, more than 18,500 cubic yards (14,000 m³) of topsoil had been transported in from New Jersey, because the original soil was not fertile or substantial enough to sustain the various trees, shrubs, and plants called for by the Greensward Plan.",
"When the park was officially completed in 1873, more than ten million cartloads of material had been transported out of the park, including soil and rocks.",
"More than four million trees, shrubs and plants representing approximately 1,500 species were transplanted to the park.",
"More gunpowder was used to clear the area than was used at the battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War.",
"Sheep grazed on the Sheep Meadow from the 1860s until 1934, when they were moved to Prospect Park in Brooklyn,and were soon moved to a farm near Otisville, New York as it was feared they would be used for food by impoverished Depression-era New Yorkers.",
"[htt"
] |
[
5
] |
Timeline
|
Who financed the Leaning Tower of Pisa?
|
Leaning Tower of Pisa
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
0
] |
[
" On January 5, 1172, Donna Berta di Bernardo, a widow and resident of the house of dell'Opera di Santa Maria, bequeathed sixty soldi to the \"Opera Campanilis petrarum Sancte Marie\".",
"The sum was then used toward the purchase of a few stones which still form the base of the bell tower.",
" On August 9, 1173, the foundations of the Tower were laid.",
" Nearly four centuries later Giorgio Vasari wrote: \"Guglielmo, according to what is being said, in year 1174 with Bonanno as sculptor, laid the foundations of the bell tower of the cathedral in Pisa.",
"\"",
" Giorgio Vasari indicates that Tommaso di Andrea Pisano was the designer of the belfry between 1360 and 1370.",
" On December 27, 1233, the worker Benenato, son of Gerardo Bottici, oversaw the continuation of the construction of the bell tower.",
" On February 23, 1260, Guido Speziale, son of Giovanni, a worker on the cathedral Santa Maria Maggiore, was elected to oversee the building of the Tower.",
" On April 12, 1264, the master builder Giovanni di Simone and 23 workers went to the mountains close to Pisa to cut marble.",
"The cut stones were given to Rainaldo Speziale, worker of St. Francesco."
] |
[
3
] |
Abstract
|
In which year did the song The Christmas Song get recorded?
|
The Christmas Song
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
9
] |
[
"\"The Christmas Song\" (commonly subtitled \"Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire\" or, as it was originally subtitled, \"Merry Christmas to You\") is a classic Christmas song written in 1944 by Bob Wells and Mel Tormé.",
"According to Tormé, the song was written during a blistering hot summer.",
"In an effort to \"stay cool by thinking cool\", the most-performed (according to BMI) Christmas song was born.",
"\"I saw a spiral pad on his (Wells') piano with four lines written in pencil\", Tormé recalled.",
"\"They started, 'Chestnuts roasting..., Jack Frost nipping..., Yuletide carols..., Folks dressed up like Eskimos.'",
"Bob didn't think he was writing a song lyric.",
"He said he thought if he could immerse himself in winter he could cool off.",
"Forty minutes later that song was written.",
"\"I wrote all the music and some of the lyrics.",
"\"The Nat King Cole Trio first recorded the song early in 1946.",
"At Cole's behestand over the objections of his label, Capitol Recordsa second recording was made the same year utilizing a small string section, this version becoming a massive hit on both the pop and R&B charts.",
"Cole again recorded the song in 1953, using the same arrangement with a full orchestra arranged and conducted by Nelson Riddle, and once more in 1961, in a stereophonic version with orchestra conducted by Ralph Carmichael.",
"Nat King Cole's 1961 version is generally regarded as definitive, and in 2004 was the most loved seasonal song with women aged 30–49, while Cole's original 1946 recording was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1974."
] |
[] |
Ancient Greece and Rome
|
Whay cheese was noted for being made from sheeps milk?
|
Cheese
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
7
] |
[
"Ancient Greek mythology credited Aristaeus with the discovery of cheese.",
"Homer's \"Odyssey\" (8th century BCE) describes the Cyclops making and storing sheep's and goats' milk cheese.",
"From Samuel Butler's translation:By Roman times, cheese was an everyday food and cheesemaking a mature art.",
"Columella's \"De Re Rustica\" (circa 65 CE) details a cheesemaking process involving rennet coagulation, pressing of the curd, salting, and aging.",
"Pliny's \"Natural History\" (77 CE) devotes a chapter (XI, 97) to describing the diversity of cheeses enjoyed by Romans of the early Empire.",
"He stated that the best cheeses came from the villages near Nîmes, but did not keep long and had to be eaten fresh.",
"Cheeses of the Alps and Apennines were as remarkable for their variety then as now.",
"A Ligurian cheese was noted for being made mostly from sheep's milk, and some cheeses produced nearby were stated to weigh as much as a thousand pounds each.",
"Goats' milk cheese was a recent taste in Rome, improved over the \"medicinal taste\" of Gaul's similar cheeses by smoking.",
"Of cheeses from overseas, Pliny preferred those of Bithynia in Asia Minor."
] |
[] |
Festivals
|
In Egypt, what are religious carnivals known as?
|
Egypt
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
0
] |
[
"Egypt celebrates many festivals and religious carnivals, also known as \"mulid\".",
"They are usually associated with a particular Coptic or Sufi saint, but are often celebrated by Egyptians irrespective of creed or religion.",
"Ramadan has a special flavor in Egypt, celebrated with sounds, lights (local lanterns known as \"fawanees\") and much flare that many Muslim tourists from the region flock to Egypt to witness during Ramadan.",
"The ancient spring festival of Sham en Nisim (Coptic: \"shom en nisim\") has been celebrated by Egyptians for thousands of years, typically between the Egyptian months of Paremoude (April) and Pashons (May), following Easter Sunday."
] |
[
0
] |
Controversy
|
What was found by the USDA inspectors?
|
Disney's Animal Kingdom
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
7
] |
[
"Even in planning stages, various Florida based animal rights groups and PETA did not like the idea of Disney creating a theme park where animals were held in captivity.",
"The groups protested, and PETA tried to convince travel agents not to book trips to the park.",
"A few weeks before the park opened, a number of animals died due to accidents.",
"The United States Department of Agriculture viewed most of the cases and found no violations of animal-welfare regulations.",
"On opening day, the Orange County Sheriff's office sent about 150 deputies in fear that there may be a large protest, but only two dozen protesters showed up.",
"The protest lasted two hours, and there were no arrests.",
"One year after the park opened, Animal Rights Foundation of Florida complained that a New Year's Eve fireworks show could upset the animals.",
"A USDA inspector came to the park and found no problems with launching low-noise fireworks half a mile away."
] |
[
0
] |
Interior seating
|
What's the difference between 'immum' and 'summum'?
|
Colosseum
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
7
] |
[
"According to the Codex-Calendar of 354, the Colosseum could accommodate 87,000 people, although modern estimates put the figure at around 50,000.",
"They were seated in a tiered arrangement that reflected the rigidly stratified nature of Roman society.",
"Special boxes were provided at the north and south ends respectively for the Emperor and the Vestal Virgins, providing the best views of the arena.",
"Flanking them at the same level was a broad platform or \"podium\" for the senatorial class, who were allowed to bring their own chairs.",
"The names of some 5th century senators can still be seen carved into the stonework, presumably reserving areas for their use.",
"The tier above the senators, known as the \"maenianum primum\", was occupied by the non-senatorial noble class or knights (\"equites\").",
"The next level up, the \"maenianum secundum\", was originally reserved for ordinary Roman citizens (\"plebeians\") and was divided into two sections.",
"The lower part (the \"immum\") was for wealthy citizens, while the upper part (the \"summum\") was for poor citizens.",
"Specific sectors were provided for other social groups: for instance, boys with their tutors, soldiers on leave, foreign dignitaries, scribes, heralds, priests and so on.",
"Stone (and later marble) seating was provided for the citizens and nobles, who presumably would have brought their own cushions with them.",
"Inscriptions identified the areas reserved for specific groups.",
"Another level, the \"maenianum secundum in legneis\", was added at the very top of the building during the reign of Domitian.",
"This comprised a gallery for the common poor, slaves and women.",
"It would have been either standing room only, or would have had very steep wooden benches.",
"Some groups were banned altogether from the Colosseum, notably gravediggers, actors and former gladiators.",
"Each tier was divided into sections (\"maeniana\") by curved passages and low walls (\"praecinctiones\" or \"baltei\"), and were subdivided into \"cunei\", or wedges, by the steps and aisles from the vomitoria.",
"Each row (\"gradus\") of seats was numbered, permitting each individual seat to be exactly designated by its gradus, cuneus, and number."
] |
[
0
] |
DVD releases
|
Where was Season One released on April 4, 2011?
|
Rules of Engagement (TV series)
| false | 1TV
|
[
4
] |
[
"Sony Pictures Home Entertainment owns the rights to release DVDs in Region 1.",
"The fifth season of the series was made available beginning February 7, 2012, exclusively as a made-on-demand release from Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, in conjunction with amazon.com.",
"Similarly, the sixth season received a MOD release from online retailers, on October 2, 2012.",
"Paramount Pictures, in conjunction with CBS Home Entertainment, will start releasing the series on DVD internationally in 2011.",
"Season One was released in the UK (Region 2 DVD) on April 4, 2011.",
"Note: Following the events of Charlie Sheen’s departure from \"Two and a Half Men\", CBS ordered an additional two episodes for \"Rules of Engagement\"’s fifth season, bringing the total number of episodes to 26 from the initial 24 ordered.",
"Despite the episodes, \"Scavenger Hunt\" and \"Cheating,\" airing during the sixth season, they were originally produced for the fifth season, and are included in the fifth season collection.",
"Therefore, the sixth season’s DVD release features the 13 episodes produced over that time period, versus the 15 that were broadcast by CBS."
] |
[
4
] |
Islamic heritage sites
|
How many structures remain in mecca that date back to the time of Muhammad?
|
Saudi Arabia
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
7
] |
[
"Saudi Arabia, and specifically the Hejaz, as the cradle of Islam, has many of the most significant historic Muslim sites, including the two holiest sites of Mecca and Medina.",
"One of the King's titles is Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, the two mosques being Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, which contains Islam's most sacred place, the Kaaba, and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi in Medina which contains Muhammad's tomb.",
"However, Saudi Wahhabism is hostile to any reverence given to historical or religious places of significance for fear that it may give rise to 'shirk' (that is, idolatry).",
"As a consequence, under Saudi rule, the Hejaz cities have suffered from considerable destruction of their physical heritage and, for example, it has been estimated that about 95% of Mecca's historic buildings, most over a thousand years old, have been demolished.",
"These include the mosque originally built by Muhammad's daughter Fatima, and other mosques founded by Abu Bakr (Muhammad's father-in-law and the first Caliph), Umar (the second Caliph), Ali (Muhammad's son-in-law and the fourth Caliph), and Salman al-Farsi (another of Muhammad's companions).",
"Other historic buildings that have been destroyed include the house of Khadijah, the wife of the Prophet, the house of Abu Bakr, now the site of the local Hilton hotel; the house of Ali-Oraid, the grandson of the Prophet, and the Mosque of abu-Qubais, now the location of the King's palace in Mecca.",
"Critics have described this as \"Saudi vandalism\" and claim that over the last 50 years, 300 historic sites linked to Muhammad, his family or companions have been lost.",
"It has been reported that there now are fewer than 20 structures remaining in Mecca that date back to the time of Muhammad."
] |
[
5
] |
History
|
When was the mountain the site of a meeting initiated by President Washington?
|
Stone Mountain
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
7
] |
[
"Human habitation of Stone Mountain and its surroundings date back into prehistory.",
"When the mountain was first encountered by European explorers, its summit was encircled by a rock wall, similar to that still to be found on Georgia's Fort Mountain.",
"The wall is believed to have been built by early Native American inhabitants of the area, although its purpose remains unclear.",
"By the beginning of the 20th century the wall had disappeared, the rocks having been taken away by early visitors as souvenirs, rolled down the rockface, or removed by the commercial quarrying operation.",
"The mountain was as well the eastern end of the Campbelton Trail, a Native American path that ran through what is now the Atlanta area.",
"Europeans first learned of the mountain in 1597, when Spanish explorers were told of a mountain further inland which was \"very high, shining when the sun set like a fire.\"",
"By this time, the Stone Mountain area was inhabited by the Creek and (to a lesser extent) Cherokee peoples.",
"In 1790 the mountain was the site of a meeting initiated by President George Washington in hopes of negotiating a peace treaty with the Creek.",
"Instead a series of wars ensued, and the Creek were forced to cede the land to the state of Georgia in 1821.",
"In the early 19th century, the area was known as Rock Mountain.",
"After the founding of DeKalb County and the county seat of Decatur in 1822 Stone Mountain was a natural recreation area; it was common for young men to take their dates on horseback from Decatur to the mountain.",
"Entrepreneur Aaron Cloud built a 165 foot (50 m) wooden observation tower at the summit of the mountain in 1838, but it was destroyed by a storm and replaced by a much smaller tower in 1851.",
"Visitors to the mountain would travel to the area by rail and road, and then walk up the 1.1 mile mountaintop trail to the top, where Cloud also had a restaurant and club.",
"Granite quarrying started at Stone Mountain in the 1830s, but became a major industry following the completion of a railroad spur to the quarry site in 1847.",
"This line was rebuilt by the Georgia Railroad in 1869.",
"Over the years, Stone Mountain granite was used in many buildings and structures, including the locks of the Panama Canal, the steps to the East Wing of the United States Capitol and the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo.",
"In recent years, granite suppliers in Georgia sent stone samples cut from Stone Mountain to the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Foundation to be considered for use in a planned monument in King's honor; the Foundation later chose to use granite imported from China.",
"Unfortunately, quarrying during earlier periods also destroyed several spectacular geological features on Stone Mountain, such as the Devil's Crossroads, which was located on top of the mountain.",
"In 1887 Stone Mountain was purchased for $45,000 by the Venable Brothers of Atlanta, who quarried the mountain for 24 more years, and descendents of the Venable family would retain ownership of the mountain until it was purchased by the State of Georgia in the 1950s.",
"Martin Luther King, Jr. mentioned the monument in his 1963 \"I Have a Dream\" speech in Washington, D.C., when he said \"let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!\"",
"During the 1996 Summer Olympics, Stone Mountain Park provided venues for Olympic events in tennis, archery and track cycling.",
"The venues for archery and cycling were temporary and are now part of the songbird and habitat trail."
] |
[
2
] |
Ancient history
|
Who defeated the Carthaginian state?
|
Algeria
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
18
] |
[
"Ancient history.",
"At Ain Hanech region (Saïda Province), early remnants (200,000 BC) of hominid occupation in North Africa were found.",
"Neanderthal tool makers produced hand axes in the Levalloisian and Mousterian styles (43,000 BC) similar to those in the Levant.",
"Algeria was the site of the highest state of development of Middle Paleolithic Flake tool techniques.",
"Tools of this era, starting about 30,000 BC, are called Aterian (after the archeological site of Bir el Ater, south of Tebessa).",
"The earliest blade industries in North Africa are called Iberomaurusian (located mainly in Oran region).",
"This industry appears to have spread throughout the coastal regions of the Maghreb between 15,000 and 10,000 BC.",
"Neolithic civilization (animal domestication and agriculture) developed in the Saharan and Mediterranean Maghrib between 6000 and 2000 BC.",
"This life, richly depicted in the Tassili n'Ajjer paintings, predominated in Algeria until the classical period.",
"The amalgam of peoples of North Africa coalesced eventually into a distinct native population that came to be called Berbers, who are the indigenous peoples of northern Africa.",
"From their principal center of power at Carthage, the Carthaginians expanded and established small settlements along the North African coast; by 600 BC, a Phoenician presence existed at Tipasa, east of Cherchell, Hippo Regius (modern Annaba) and Rusicade (modern Skikda).",
"These settlements served as market towns as well as anchorages.",
"As Carthaginian power grew, its impact on the indigenous population increased dramatically.",
"Berber civilization was already at a stage in which agriculture, manufacturing, trade, and political organization supported several states.",
"Trade links between Carthage and the Berbers in the interior grew, but territorial expansion also resulted in the enslavement or military recruitment of some Berbers and in the extraction of tribute from others.",
"By the early 4th century BC, Berbers formed the single largest element of the Carthaginian army.",
"In the Revolt of the Mercenaries, Berber soldiers rebelled from 241 to 238 BC after being unpaid following the defeat of Carthage in the First Punic War.",
"They succeeded in obtaining control of much of Carthage's North African territory, and they minted coins bearing the name Libyan, used in Greek to describe natives of North Africa.",
"The Carthaginian state declined because of successive defeats by the Romans in the Punic Wars.",
"In 146 BC the city of Carthage was destroyed.",
"As Carthaginian power waned, the influence of Berber leaders in the hinterland grew.",
"By the 2nd century BC, several large but loosely administered Berber kingdoms had emerged.",
"Two of them were established in Numidia, behind the coastal areas controlled by Carthage.",
"West of Numidia lay Mauretania, which extended across the Moulouya River in modern day Morocco to the Atlantic Ocean.",
"The high point of Berber civilization, unequaled until the coming of the Almohads and Almoravids more than a millennium later, was reached during the reign of Massinissa in the 2nd century BC.",
"After Masinissa's death in 148 BC, the Berber kingdoms were divided and reunited several times.",
"Massinissa's line survived until 24 AD, when the remaining Berber territory was annexed to the Roman Empire.",
"For several centuries Algeria was ruled by the Romans, who founded many colonies in the region.",
"Like the rest of North Africa, Algeria was one of the breadbaskets of the empire, exporting cereals and other agricultural products.",
"The Vandals of Geiseric moved into North Africa in 429, and by 435 controlled coastal Numidia.",
"They did not make any significant settlement on the land.",
"The region was later recaptured by the Eastern Roman Empire, which ruled it until the Muslim Conquest in the 7th century."
] |
[
3
] |
Foreign relations
|
How many countries maintain an embassy in Norway?
|
Norway
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
1
] |
[
"Norway maintains embassies in 86 countries.",
"60 countries maintain an embassy in Norway, all of them in the capital, Oslo.",
"Norway is a founding member of the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Council of Europe and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).",
"Norway issued applications for accession to the European Union (EU) and its predecessors in 1962, 1967 and 1992, respectively.",
"While Denmark, Sweden and Finland obtained membership, the Norwegian electorate rejected the treaties of accession in referenda in 1972 and 1994.",
"After the 1994 referendum, Norway maintained its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA), an arrangement granting the country access to the internal market of the Union, on the condition that Norway implements those of the Union's pieces of legislation which are deemed relevant (of which there were approximately seven thousand by 2010) Successive Norwegian governments have, since 1994, requested participation in parts of the EU's co-operation that go beyond the provisions of the EEA agreement.",
"Non-voting participation by Norway has been granted in, for instance, the Union's Common Security and Defence Policy, the Schengen Agreement, and the European Defence Agency, as well as 19 separate programmes.",
"Norway contributes to international development.",
"In addition, it participated in the 1990s brokering of the Oslo Accords, an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.",
"These were unsuccessful."
] |
[
5
] |
Abstract
|
What was the reasoning behind Christopher Nolan's use of the IMAX camera for shooting The Dark Knight Rises?
|
The Dark Knight Rises
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
8
] |
[
"The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 British-American epic superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan, who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother Jonathan Nolan and the story with David S. Goyer.",
"Featuring the DC Comics character Batman, the film is the final installment in Nolan's \"Batman\" film trilogy, and it is the sequel to \"Batman Begins\" (2005) and \"The Dark Knight\" (2008).",
"Christian Bale reprises the lead role of Bruce Wayne/Batman, with a returning cast of his allies: Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth, Gary Oldman as James Gordon, and Morgan Freeman as Lucius Fox.",
"The film introduces Selina Kyle (Anne Hathaway), a sly, morally ambiguous cat burglar, and Bane (Tom Hardy), a mercenary bent on destroying Gotham City.",
"Drawn back into action by new threats facing the city, an older Bruce Wayne is forced to come out of retirement and become Batman once again.",
"Christopher Nolan was initially hesitant about returning to the series for a second time, but agreed to come back after developing a story with his brother and Goyer that he felt would conclude the series on a satisfactory note.",
"Nolan drew inspiration from Bane's comic book debut in the 1993 \"\" storyline, the 1986 series \"The Dark Knight Returns\", and the 1999 storyline \"No Man's Land\".",
"Filming took place in various locations, including Jodhpur, London, Nottingham, Glasgow, Los Angeles, New York City, Newark, and Pittsburgh.",
"Nolan used IMAX cameras for much of the filming, including the first six minutes of the film, to optimize the quality of the picture.",
"A variation of the Batplane termed \"The Bat\", an underground prison set, and a new Batcave set were created specifically for the film.",
"As with \"The Dark Knight\", viral marketing campaigns began early during production to help promotion.",
"When filming concluded, Warner Bros. refocused its campaign: developing promotional websites, releasing the first six minutes of the film, screening theatrical trailers, and sending out information regarding the film's plot.",
"\"The Dark Knight Rises\" premiered in New York City on July 16, 2012.",
"The film was released in Australia and New Zealand on July 19, 2012, and in North America and the United Kingdom on July 20, 2012.",
"Upon release it received a favorable critical response and grossed over $1.081 billion worldwide.",
"It is currently the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time, the third-highest-grossing film of 2012, and the third-highest-grossing superhero film of all time."
] |
[
0
] |
History
|
When did the Quanjude restaurant get built in Beijing?
|
Peking duck
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
7
] |
[
"Duck has been roasted in China since the Southern and Northern Dynasties.",
"A variation of roast duck was prepared for the Emperor of China in the Yuan Dynasty.",
"The dish, originally named \"Shaoyazi\" (燒鴨子), was mentioned in the \"Complete Recipes for Dishes and Beverages\" (飲膳正要) manual in 1330 by Hu Sihui (忽思慧), an inspector of the imperial kitchen.",
"The Peking Roast Duck that came to be associated with the term was fully developed during the later Ming Dynasty, and by then, Peking Duck was one of the main dishes on imperial court menus.",
"The first restaurant specialising in Peking Duck, Bianyifang, was established in the Xianyukou, Qianmen area of Beijing in 1416.",
"By the Qianlong Period (1736–1796) of the Qing Dynasty, the popularity of Peking Duck spread to the upper classes, inspiring poetry from poets and scholars who enjoyed the dish.",
"For instance, one of the verses of \"Duan Zhu Zhi Ci\", a collection of Beijing poems was, \"Fill your plates with roast duck and suckling pig\".",
"In 1864, the Quanjude (全聚德) restaurant was established in Beijing.",
"Yang Quanren (楊全仁), the founder of Quanjude, developed the hung oven to roast ducks.",
"With its innovations and efficient management, the restaurant became well known in China, introducing the Peking Duck to the rest of the world.",
"By the mid-20th century, Peking Duck had become a national symbol of China, favored by tourists and diplomats alike.",
"For example, Henry Kissinger, the Secretary of State of the United States, met Premier Zhou Enlai in the Great Hall of the People on July 10, during his first visit to China.",
"After a round of inconclusive talks in the morning, the delegation was served Peking Duck for lunch, which became Kissinger's favourite.",
"The Americans and Chinese issued a joint statement the following day, inviting President Richard Nixon to visit China in 1972.",
"Peking Duck was hence considered one of the factors behind the rapprochement of the United States to China in the 1970s.",
"Following Zhou's death in 1976, Kissinger paid another visit to Beijing to savor Peking Duck.",
"Peking Duck, at the Quanjude in particular, has also been a favorite dish for various political leaders ranging from Cuban revolutionary Fidel Castro to former German chancellor Helmut Kohl."
] |
[
2
] |
In Norway
|
What is the average cost of a kebab in Bergen?
|
Kebab
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
6
] |
[
"In Norway, the kebab was introduced by Pakistani and Turkish immigrants during the 1980s.",
"The kebab has become a symbol of immigration from the Muslim world, and speaking Norwegian with an Arab accent or with a lot of words and expressions borrowed from the Pakistani, Turkish, Arabic, and Persian languages is sometimes referred to as \"Kebabnorsk\" (Kebab Norwegian).",
"The kebabs in Norway are served in a variety of ways, commonly in fast-food shops selling both hamburgers and kebabs.",
"The kebab roll has become increasingly popular, with the kebab not served in pita bread, but rather wrapped in pizza dough (making it look like a spring roll) for easy consumption.",
"The most \"Norwegian\" kebab to date is probably the whalemeat kebab sold at the Inferno Metal Festival.",
"As of 2008, the average price of the kebab in Norway lies around 65 kroner, or about €8.",
"In Bergen the average price of a kebab is around 50 kr.",
"In Bergen kebab is most commonly served in the dürüm variety, with two types of sauces, one standard and one optional hot chili variety.",
"The Norwegian Food Safety Authority in 2007 issued a warning about cheap kebabs.",
"According to \"Verdens Gang\" they estimated that more than 80% of kebab shops in Oslo use illegally produced meat.",
"It was warned that such meat could be dangerous to eat because it could contain salmonella or other bacteria, and that it could be connected to organised crime."
] |
[
0
] |
Boundaries
|
Interstate 15 and Las Vegas Boulevard run parallel to each other in which direction?
|
Las Vegas Strip
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
10
] |
[
"Historically, the casinos that were not in Downtown Las Vegas along Fremont Street were restricted to outside of the city limits on Las Vegas Boulevard.",
"In 1959 the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign was constructed exactly outside of the city limits.",
"The sign is today about south of the southernmost entrance to Mandalay Bay (the southernmost casino).",
"In the strictest sense, \"the Strip\" refers only to the stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard that is roughly between Sahara Avenue and Russell Road, a distance of .",
"However, the term is often used to refer not only to the road but also to the various casinos and resorts that line the road, and even to properties which are not on the road but in proximity.",
"Phrases such as \"Strip Area\", \"Resort Corridor\" or \"Resort District\" are sometimes used to indicate a larger geographical area, including properties or more away from Las Vegas Boulevard, such as the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino.",
"The traditional definition considers the Strip's northern terminus as the now-defunct Sahara Casino, though travel guides typically extend it to include the Stratosphere, to the north.",
"At one time, the southern end of the Strip was Tropicana Avenue, but continuing construction has extended this boundary to Russell Road.",
"Mandalay Bay is located just north of Russell Road and is the southernmost resort considered to be on the Strip.",
"Because of the number and size of the resorts, the Resort Corridor can be quite wide.",
"Interstate 15 runs roughly parallel and to the west of Las Vegas Boulevard for the entire length of the Strip.",
"Paradise Road runs to the east in a similar fashion, and ends at St. Louis Avenue.",
"The eastern side of the Strip is bounded by McCarran International Airport south of Tropicana Avenue.",
"North of this point, the Resort Corridor can be considered to extend as far east as Paradise Road, although some consider Koval Lane as a less inclusive boundary.",
"Interstate 15 is sometimes considered the western edge of the Resort Corridor from Interstate 215 to Spring Mountain Road.",
"North of this point, Industrial Road serves as the western edge.",
"The famous Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign is located in the median just south of Russell Road, across from the now-demolished Klondike Hotel & Casino; another similar sign is in the median at the north end of the Strip near the intersection of East St. Louis and South Main Streets.",
"Newer resorts such as South Point and the M Resort are on Las Vegas Boulevard South as distant as 8 miles south of the Welcome to Las Vegas sign.",
"Marketing for these casinos usually states that they are on southern Las Vegas Boulevard and not \"Strip\" properties."
] |
[] |
World War I
|
Where was the location of WWI fought?
|
Treaty of Versailles
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
1
] |
[
"World War I.",
"The First World War (1914–1918) was fought across Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia.",
"Countries beyond the war zones were also affected by the disruption of international trade, finance and diplomatic pressures from the belligerents.",
"In 1917, two revolutions occurred within the Russian Empire, which led to the collapse of the Imperial Government and the rise of the Bolshevik Party led by Vladimir Lenin."
] |
[
4
] |
Movement
|
Swimming bacteria can travel how many body lengths per second?
|
Bacteria
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
1
] |
[
"Many bacteria can move using a variety of mechanisms: flagella are used for swimming through fluids; bacterial gliding and twitching motility move bacteria across surfaces; and changes of buoyancy allow vertical motion.",
"Swimming bacteria frequently move near 10 body lengths per second and a few as fast as 100.",
"This makes them at least as fast as fish, on a relative scale.",
"In bacterial gliding and twitching motility, bacteria use their type IV pili as a grappling hook, repeatedly extending it, anchoring it and then retracting it with remarkable force (>80 pN).",
"Flagella are semi-rigid cylindrical structures that are rotated and function much like the propeller on a ship.",
"Objects as small as bacteria operate a low Reynolds number and cylindrical forms are more efficient than the flat, paddle-like, forms appropriate at human-size scale.",
"Bacterial species differ in the number and arrangement of flagella on their surface; some have a single flagellum (monotrichous), a flagellum at each end (amphitrichous), clusters of flagella at the poles of the cell (lophotrichous), while others have flagella distributed over the entire surface of the cell (peritrichous).",
"The bacterial flagella is the best-understood motility structure in any organism and is made of about 20 proteins, with approximately another 30 proteins required for its regulation and assembly.",
"The flagellum is a rotating structure driven by a reversible motor at the base that uses the electrochemical gradient across the membrane for power.",
"This motor drives the motion of the filament, which acts as a propeller.",
"Many bacteria (such as \"E. coli\") have two distinct modes of movement: forward movement (swimming) and tumbling.",
"The tumbling allows them to reorient and makes their movement a three-dimensional random walk.",
"(See external links below for link to videos.)",
"The flagella of a unique group of bacteria, the spirochaetes, are found between two membranes in the periplasmic space.",
"They have a distinctive helical body that twists about as it moves.",
"Motile bacteria are attracted or repelled by certain stimuli in behaviors called taxes: these include chemotaxis, phototaxis, energy taxis, and magnetotaxis.",
"In one peculiar group, the myxobacteria, individual bacteria move together to form waves of cells that then differentiate to form fruiting bodies containing spores.",
"The myxobacteria move only when on solid surfaces, unlike \"E. coli\", which is motile in liquid or solid media.",
"Several \"Listeria\" and \"Shigella\" species move inside host cells by usurping the cytoskeleton, which is normally used to move organelles inside the cell.",
"By promoting actin polymerization at one pole of their cells, they can form a kind of tail that pushes them through the host cell's cytoplasm."
] |
[
5
] |
Institution of the Eucharist
|
What is the significance of Jesus's action in sharing bread and wine?
|
Last Supper
| true | 3ART
|
[
7
] |
[
"The Eucharist, which \"is recorded as celebrated by the early Christian community at Jerusalem and by St. Paul on his visit to Troas\", is held to have been instituted by Christ.",
"The institution of the Lord's Supper is recorded in the three Synoptic Gospels and in Paul's first epistle to the Corinthians.",
"The words of institution differ slightly in each account, reflecting a Marcan tradition (upon which Matthew is based) and a Pauline tradition (upon which Luke is based).",
"In addition, is a disputed text which does not appear in some of the early manuscripts of Luke.",
"Some scholars, therefore, believe that it is an interpolation, while others have argued that it is original.",
"A comparison of the accounts given in the Gospels and 1 Corinthians is shown in the table below, with text from the ASV.",
"The disputed text from Luke 22:19b-20 is in italics.",
"Jesus' actions in sharing the bread and wine have been linked with which refers to a blood sacrifice that, as recounted in , Moses offered in order to seal a covenant with God.",
"Scholars often interpret the description of Jesus' action as asking his disciples to consider themselves part of a sacrifice, where Jesus is the one due to physically undergo it.",
"Although the Gospel of John does not include a description of the bread and wine ritual during the Last Supper, most scholars agree that (the Bread of Life Discourse) has a Eucharistic nature and resonates with the \"words of institution\" used in the Synoptic Gospels and the Pauline writings on the Last Supper."
] |
[
0
] |
Soviet Moon program
|
How many people were on board the "Lunniy Orbitalny Korabl"?
|
Space Race
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
5
] |
[
"The Soviet Union had planned to divide their lunar program into two separate manned programs: circumlunar flights in 1967 and lunar landings from 1968.",
"The circumlunar missions were to be launched by a UR-500 rocket, later known as the Proton.",
"The cosmonauts would be flown to the Moon in the Soyuz 7K-L1 (Zond), which made four unsuccessful unmanned flights between 1967 and 1970.",
"One flight of the Zond was, however, successful and returned its non-human passengers (tortoises) to Earth; had it been used for a manned circumlunar mission, the flight would have carried two cosmonauts.",
"The Soviet lunar landing missions would use spacecraft derived from the Soyuz 7K-L1.",
"The orbital module (Soyuz 7K-L3), the \"\"Lunniy Orbitalny Korabl\"\" (LOK), had a crew of two.",
"The LOK and a separate lunar lander, the \"\"Lunniy Korabl\"\" (LK), had 40% of the mass of the Apollo CSM/LM due to the launch vehicle's capabilities.",
"The launch vehicle would have been the N1 rocket, which was roughly the same height and takeoff mass as the American Saturn V, exceeded its takeoff thrust by 28%, and yet had roughly half the TLI payload capability.",
"The N1 was unsuccessfully tested four times, exploding each time due to problems with the first stage's thirty engines.",
"The Soviet leadership cancelled the program in 1970 after the first two successful American Moon landings."
] |
[
5
] |
Drawings and prints
|
Who donated lots of art by Albrecht Durer to the Metropolitan Museum of Art?
|
Metropolitan Museum of Art
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
2
] |
[
"Though other departments contain significant numbers of drawings and prints, the Drawings and Prints department specifically concentrates on North American pieces and western European works produced after the Middle Ages.",
"The first Old Master drawings, comprising 670 sheets, were presented as a single group in 1880 by Cornelius Vanderbilt II and in effect launched the department, though it was not formally constituted as a department until later.",
"Other early donors to the department include Junius Spencer Morgan II who presented a broad range of material, but mainly dated from the sixteenth century, including 2 woodblocks and many prints by Albrecht Dürer in 1919.",
"Currently, the Drawings and Prints collection contains more than 17,000 drawings, 1.5 million prints, and twelve thousand illustrated books.",
"The great masters of European painting, who produced many more sketches and drawings than actual paintings, are extensively represented in the Drawing and Prints collection.",
"The department's holdings contain major drawings by Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Rembrandt, as well as prints and etchings by Van Dyck, Dürer, and Degas among many others."
] |
[
3
] |
Abstract
|
How is Chicken parmigiana served?
|
Chicken parmigiana
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
3
] |
[
"Chicken parmigiana (also referred to as a \"parmi\" or \"parma\") is a chicken dish based on the Italian Parmigiana, and is regularly served in Australian pubs.",
"The meal consists of a breaded chicken breast, or chicken schnitzel, covered with a tomato-based neapolitan sauce and cheese.",
"In Australia the addition of a slice of ham or bacon makes up the parmigiana.",
"The dish is typically served with a side of chips and salad, although there is some dispute as to whether the chips should be served under or next to the chicken.",
"Size is considered to be a major part of the chicken parmigiana, and increased competition has led to a greater focus on the size of the meal.",
"Some restaurants hold competitions with prizes for people who successfully finish a large chicken parmigiana, such as the \"Parmageddon\" which was held in an Adelaide Hills pub.",
"The popularity of the chicken parmigiana led to a specialised chicken parmigiana restaurant opening in Melbourne, and the chicken parmigiana is the subject of reviews on dedicated websites which compare the dish as purchased from various pubs within a region.",
"Other meals have also taken on the chicken parmigiana theme, including pies and Subway sandwiches."
] |
[
5
] |
Cultural artifacts: Dispute between Peru and Yale University
|
Who is the owner of La Casa Concha?
|
Machu Picchu
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
14
] |
[
"In 1912 and 1914–15, Bingham excavated treasures from Machu Picchu—ceramic vessels, silver statues, jewelry, and human bones—and took them from Peru to Yale University in the United States for further study, supposedly for a period of 18 months.",
"Yale has retained the artifacts until now, under the argument that Peru did not have the infrastructure or proper conditions to take care of the pieces.",
"Eliane Karp, an anthropologist who is married to the former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo, accused Yale of profiting from Peru's cultural heritage by claiming title to thousands of pieces removed by Bingham.",
"Many have been on display at Yale's Peabody Museum since their removal.",
"Yale returned some of the artifacts to Peru, but the university kept the remainder, claiming its position was supported by federal case law involving Peruvian antiquities.",
"On 19 September 2007, the \"Courant\" reported that Peru and Yale had reached an agreement regarding the requested return of the artifacts.",
"The agreement includes sponsorship of a joint traveling exhibition and construction of a new museum and research center in Cusco about which Yale will advise Peruvian officials.",
"Yale acknowledges Peru's title to all the excavated objects from Machu Picchu, but Yale will share rights with Peru in the research collection, part of which will remain at Yale as an object of continuing study.",
"On 19 June 2008, National Geographic Society's vice-president Terry Garcia was quoted by the daily publication, \"La República\".",
"\"We were part of this agreement.",
"National Geographic was there, we know what was said, the objects were lent and should be returned.",
"\"On 21 November 2010, Yale University agreed in principle to the return of the controversial artifacts to their original home in Peru.",
"As of November 2012, the third and final batch of thousands of artifacts were delivered.",
"La Casa Concha (The Shell House) located close to Cusco's colonial center will be the permanent site where the Yale University artifacts will be exhibited.",
"Owned by the National University of San Antonio Abad Del Cusco, La Casa Concha will also feature a study area for local and foreign students."
] |
[
3
] |
Dining and drinking in the Market
|
Does the Pike Place Market have places to eat?
|
Pike Place Market
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
0
] |
[
"While one can easily graze one's way through the Market food stalls and shops, the Pike Place Market offers numerous other eating (and drinking) options.",
"The once endemic workingmen's and sailors' taverns are gone; at roughly opposite corners of the Market, the Virginia Inn (founded as Virginia Bar, approximately 1908; operated as a cardroom during Prohibition, then Virginia Inn; passed into current management 1980 and slowly gentrified) and Place Pigalle (originally Lotus Inn, name dates from 1950s, remodeled 1982) retain their names, but both have gone upmarket.",
"The Athenian Inn in the Main Market traces its history back to a 1909 bakery and is a relatively ungentrified bar and restaurant.",
"Three Girls Bakery dates back to 1912 and may have been the first Seattle business started by women.",
"While it is not in its original Corner Market location, no longer bakes on premises, and its current owner Jack Levy is a man, it still sells a vast variety of baked goods, does a brisk business in takeaway sandwiches, and has an old-style lunch counter.",
"For a different type of dining experience, the Pink Door (founded 1981), entered by a nearly unmarked door on upper Post Alley, is a favorite first-date restaurant, with solid Italian food, a fantasia of a dining room, a bar that sometimes features live jazz, and an outdoor deck overlooking Elliott Bay.",
"Another restaurant combining Italian food and romantic ambience is the \"grottolike\" Il Bistro, located below grade in the Economy Market, off a cobblestone ramp that leads to Lower Post Alley.",
"When it was founded in 1977 it was played an important role in the rise of fine dining in Seattle.",
"Other longstanding Market restaurants and bars include Lowell's (founded 1957), an old Main Market standby self-described as \"almost classy\"; French bistro Maximilien, founded in 1975 by François Kissel, owned since 1997 by host Axel Macé and chef Eric Francy, and highly praised by Julia Child; and the Copacabana (founded 1964), Seattle's only Bolivian restaurant, upstairs in the Triangle Market with a balcony overlooking Pike Place."
] |
[] |
Abstract
|
Who was the model for Van Gogh's art?
|
Sien (Van Gogh series)
| true | 3ART
|
[
3
] |
[
"Sien (Van Gogh series)Vincent van Gogh drew and painted a series of works of his mistress Sien during their time together in the Netherlands.",
"In particular, his drawing \"Sorrow\" is widely acknowledged as a masterwork of draftsmanship, the culmination of a long and sometimes uncertain apprenticeship in learning his craft.",
"Commonly called Sien Hoornik, Clasina Maria Hoornik (1850 - 1904) lived with van Gogh during much of his time in The Hague from 1881 to 1883.",
"Van Gogh used Sien, a pregnant prostitute, as a model for his work and later took Sien and her daughter into his home.",
"Van Gogh made drawings and paintings of Sien and her daughter, baby and mother over that period, which reflected the domestic life and hardships of the working poor.",
"Their relationship was not accepted by his family or supporters, although his brother Theo did not withdraw his support over it.",
"It did contribute undoubtedly, however, to a split with Anton Mauve, a cousin-in-law and noted painter of the Hague School, who had introduced van Gogh to painting as well as supporting him financially, and whom van Gogh revered.",
"At his brother Theo's urging, van Gogh left Sien in 1883 to paint in Drenthe, putting an end to the only domestic relationship he was ever to have.",
"Sien resumed her life as a seamstress, cleaning woman and likely prostitute before marrying in 1901.",
"On 12 November 1904, aged 54, she threw herself into the Schelde river and drowned, fulfilling a prophecy she had made to van Gogh in 1883: \"Yes, I'm a whore ... it’s bound to end up with me jumping into the water.\""
] |
[
3
] |
Current rankings
|
Was the godfather ever named the greatest film ever made by Entertainment Weekly?
|
The Godfather
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
3
] |
[
" The film is ranked at the top of Metacritic's top 100 list, and is ranked 5th on Rotten Tomatoes' all time best list (100% \"Certified Fresh\").",
" In 2002, \"The Godfather\" and \"The Godfather Part II\" reached No.",
"2 on Film4's list of \"The 100 Greatest Films of All Time\".",
" \"Entertainment Weekly\" named \"The Godfather\" the greatest film ever made.",
" \"The Godfather\" was voted in at No.",
"1 on \"Empire\" magazine's list of \"The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time\" in November 2008.",
" In \"Time Out\"'s 2003 readers' poll, \"The Godfather\" was ranked the second best film of all time, after \"Some Like It Hot\".",
" Currently 2nd on IMDB's top 250 movies list, with its sequel occupying the 3rd position."
] |
[] |
Accolades
|
What year was Toy Story 3 nominated for a Kids' Choice Award?
|
Toy Story 3
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
3
] |
[
"On January 25, 2011, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that \"Toy Story 3\" was not only nominated for Best Animated Feature, but also for Best Picture.",
"This makes \"Toy Story 3\" not only the first animated sequel in history to be nominated for Best Picture, but also the third animated film to be nominated for Best Picture (following \"Beauty and the Beast\" and \"Up\"), with \"Toy Story 3\" becoming the second Pixar film to be nominated for both awards.",
"\"Toy Story 3\" also became the first ever Pixar film - and the first animated feature film since \"Shrek\" - to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, though six of Pixar's previous films were nominated for the Best Original Screenplay: \"Toy Story\", \"Finding Nemo\", \"The Incredibles\", \"Ratatouille\", \"WALL-E\", and \"Up\".",
"In 2011, it was nominated for a Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Animated Movie, but lost to \"Despicable Me\"."
] |
[
0
] |
Canned version
|
What is another item that can be included with ramen packages sold from vending machines?
|
Ramen
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
2
] |
[
"In Akihabara, vending machines distribute warm ramen in a steel can, known as .",
"It is produced by a popular ramen restaurant and contains noodles, soup, menma, and pork.",
"It is intended as a quick snack, and includes a small folded plastic fork.",
"There are few kinds of flavor such as \"tonkotsu\" and curry."
] |
[
0
] |
Background
|
What line did Kurstin recall from the script?
|
Blow Me (One Last Kiss)
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
12,
13,
14
] |
[
"On October 7, 2011, RCA Music Group announced that it would be disbanding Jive Records, along with Arista and J Records.",
"With the shutdown, Pink and all other artists previously signed to the labels, would release any future material through RCA Records.",
"In 2011, Joe Riccitelli, an executive with the label, announced that Pink was preparing to enter the studio to begin work on her sixth studio album, to be released in September 2012.",
"On February 29, 2012, Pink took to her Twitter account and confirmed that she is currently in the writing process for her new record.",
"On June 19, 2012, Pink announced via a video on Twitter that the first single from her upcoming album will be called \"Blow Me (One Last Kiss)\" and that it would be released on July 9, 2012.",
"She added, \"I think you're going to like it, because I really like it, and I like it enough for all of us.\"",
"However, the demo version of the song leaked on July 1, 2012, a week before its scheduled release.",
"The next day, it was released via Pink's official page and her YouTube account.",
"On July 4, 2012, Pink announced that her sixth studio album will be titled \"The Truth About Love\".",
"Speaking to Billboard Magazine in August 2012, Greg Kurstin revealed that he and the singer had trouble coming up with a name for the track.",
"The producer had been working with Pink on an intense nine-day songwriting session that yielded six songs.",
"One particular track, an empowering breakup anthem in the vein of \"So What,\" seemed like it might be written and recorded within a day-it just needed a title.",
"\"She kept coming back to 'Let's throw in the towel,' and it was one of those things where we had to say, 'Is that line really the song?'\"",
"Kurstin recalled.",
"\"So then I came back with 'Blow me … one last kiss' and we got really excited.",
"Most of the time with Pink she's so strong writing lyrics I don't really interfere.",
"I let her do her thing.",
"That could've been the only time I did that.\""
] |
[
0
] |
Madonna and Child
|
What was Michelangelo's earliest known work?
|
Michelangelo
| false | 3ART
|
[
1
] |
[
"Madonna and Child.",
"The \"Madonna of the Steps\" is Michelangelo's earliest known work.",
"It is carved in shallow relief, a technique often employed by the master-sculptor of the early 15th-century, Donatello and others such as Desiderio da Settignano.",
"While the Madonna is in profile, the easiest aspect for a shallow relief, the child displays a twisting motion that was to become characteristic of Michelangelo's work.",
"The \"Taddeo Tondo\" of 1502, shows the Christ Child frightened by a Bullfinch, a symbol of the Crucifixion.",
"The lively form of the child was later adapted by Raphael in the \"Bridgewater Madonna\".",
"The \"Bruges Madonna\" was, at the time of its creation, unlike other such statues which show the Virgin proudly presenting her son.",
"Here, the Christ Child, restrained by his mother's clasping hand, is about to step off into the world.",
"The \"Doni Tondo\", depicting the Holy Family, has elements of all three previous works: the frieze of figures in the background has the appearance of a low-relief, while the circular shape and dynamic forms echo the Taddeo Tondo.",
"The twisting motion present in the Bruges Madonna is accentuated in the painting.",
"The painting heralds the forms, movement and colour that Michelangelo was to employ on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel."
] |
[
0
] |
Career in Mexico
|
What artists did the program include?
|
Diego Rivera
| false | 3ART
|
[
3
] |
[
"In 1920, urged by Alberto J. Pani, the Mexican ambassador to France, Rivera left France and traveled through Italy studying its art, including Renaissance frescoes.",
"After José Vasconcelos became Minister of Education, Rivera returned to Mexico in 1921 to become involved in the government sponsored Mexican mural program planned by Vasconcelos.",
"\"See also Mexican muralism.\"",
"The program included such Mexican artists as José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and Rufino Tamayo, and the French artist Jean Charlot.",
"In January 1922, he painted – experimentally in encaustic – his first significant mural \"Creation\" in the Bolívar Auditorium of the National Preparatory School in Mexico City while guarding himself with a pistol against right-wing students.",
"In the autumn of 1922, Rivera participated in the founding of the Revolutionary Union of Technical Workers, Painters and Sculptors, and later that year he joined the Mexican Communist Party (including its Central Committee).",
"His murals, subsequently painted in fresco only, dealt with Mexican society and reflected the country's 1910 Revolution.",
"Rivera developed his own native style based on large, simplified figures and bold colors with an Aztec influence clearly present in murals at the Secretariat of Public Education in Mexico City begun in September 1922, intended to consist of one hundred and twenty-four frescoes, and finished in 1928.",
"His art, in a fashion similar to the steles of the Maya, tells stories.",
"The mural \"En el Arsenal\" (In the Arsenal) shows on the right-hand side Tina Modotti holding an ammunition belt and facing Julio Antonio Mella, in a light hat, and Vittorio Vidali behind in a black hat.",
"However, the \"En el Arsenal\" detail shown does not include the right-hand side described nor any of the three individuals mentioned; instead it shows the left-hand side with Frida Kahlo handing out munitions.",
"Leon Trotsky lived with Rivera and Kahlo for several months while exiled in Mexico.",
"Some of Rivera's most famous murals are featured at the National School of Agriculture at Chapingo near Texcoco (1925–27), in the Cortés Palace in Cuernavaca (1929–30), and the National Palace in Mexico City (1929–30, 1935)."
] |
[
0
] |
1976–present: reunification and reforms
|
How many South Vietnamese were executed in killings?
|
Vietnam
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
3
] |
[
"In the aftermath of the war, under Lê Duẩn's administration, the government embarked on a mass campaign of collectivization of farms and factories.",
"This caused economic chaos and resulted in triple-digit inflation, while national reconstruction efforts progressed slowly.",
"At least one million South Vietnamese were sent to reeducation camps, with an estimated 165,000 prisoners dying.",
"Between 100,000 and 200,000 South Vietnamese were executed in extrajudicial killings; another 50,000 died performing hard labor in \"New Economic Zones\".",
"In the late 1970s and early 1980s, millions of people fled the country in crudely built boats, creating an international humanitarian crisis; hundreds of thousands died at sea.",
"In 1978, the Vietnamese military invaded Cambodia to remove from power the Khmer Rouge, who had been attacking Vietnamese border villages.",
"Vietnam was victorious, installing a government in Cambodia which ruled until 1989.",
"This action worsened relations with the Chinese, who launched a brief incursion into northern Vietnam in 1979.",
"This conflict caused Vietnam to rely even more heavily on Soviet economic and military aid.",
"At the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in December 1986, reformist politicians replaced the \"old guard\" government with new leadership.",
"The reformers were led by 71-year-old Nguyen Van Linh, who became the party's new general secretary.",
"Linh and the reformers implemented a series of free-market reforms – known as \"\" (\"Renovation\") – which carefully managed the transition from a planned economy to a \"socialist-oriented market economy\".",
"Though the authority of the state remained unchallenged under \"Đổi Mới\", the government encouraged private ownership of farms and factories, economic deregulation and foreign investment, while maintaining control over strategic industries.",
"The Vietnamese economy subsequently achieved strong growth in agricultural and industrial production, construction, exports and foreign investment.",
"However, these reforms have also caused a rise in income inequality and gender disparities."
] |
[
5
] |
Box office
|
Which countries were the largest markets outside of North America for the movie "Gravity."
|
Gravity (film)
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
7
] |
[
"Preliminary reports predicted the film would open with takings of over $40 million in North America.",
"The film earned $1.4 million from its Thursday night showings, and reached $17.5 million on Friday.",
"\"Gravity\" topped the box office and broke \"Paranormal Activity 3\"s record as the highest-earning October and autumn openings ever, grossing $55.8 million.",
"80 percent of the film's opening weekend gross came from its 3D showings, which grossed $44 million.",
"$11.2 million20 percent of the receiptscame from IMAX 3D showings; the highest percentage ever for a film opening more than $50 million.",
"The film stayed at number one at the box office during its second and third weekends.",
"\"Gravity\" opened at number one in the United Kingdom, taking over the first weekend of release and remained there for the second week.",
"The film's largest markets outside North America were China ($71.2m), the United Kingdom ($47.0m) and France ($38.2m).",
"On February 17, 2014 the film grossed $700m worldwide.",
"As of March 30, 2014, \"Gravity\" has grossed $273,312,639 in North America and $442,300,000 in other countries, making a worldwide gross of $715,612,639making it the eighth-highest grossing film of 2013."
] |
[] |
Terminology
|
What is the more common name for ketchup in Australia and New Zealand?
|
Ketchup
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
3
] |
[
"The term used for the sauce varies.",
"\"Ketchup\" (sometimes spelled \"catsup\" in American English, called \"a failed attempt at Anglicization\") is the dominant term in American English and Canadian English, with \"catsup\" being the prominent term in some southern US states.",
"In these dialects, \"tomato sauce\" refers to pasta sauce, and is not a synonym for ketchup.",
"\"Tomato sauce\" is more common in Commonwealth English (e.g., Australia, India, New Zealand and South Africa).",
"In British English, the two terms are interchangeable.",
"\"Red sauce\" is used in Welsh English, Scottish English, Irish English and some parts of England, such as the Black Country, and in South London, often contrasting with brown sauce with which it is often served but in Canadian and American English, \"red sauce\" refers to red spicy sauces (or sweet and sour sauce) and is not a synonym for ketchup.",
"The etymology of the word \"ketchup\" is unclear, with multiple competing theories:"
] |
[
0
] |
Climate
|
In what region are there warm summers as well as cold winters with significant snowfall?
|
Argentina
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
3
] |
[
"The generally temperate climate ranges from subtropical in the north to subpolar in the far south.",
"The north is characterized by very hot, humid summers with mild drier winters, and is subject to periodic droughts.",
"Central Argentina has a temperate climate, with hot summers with thunderstorms, and cool winters; and higher moisture at the east.",
"The southern regions have warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall, especially in mountainous zones.",
"Major wind currents include the cool Pampero Winds blowing on the flat plains of Patagonia and the \"Pampas\"; following the cold front, warm currents blow from the north in middle and late winter, creating mild conditions.",
"The Zonda, a hot dry wind, affects west-central Argentina.",
"Squeezed of all moisture during the descent from the Andes, Zonda winds can blow for hours with gusts up to , fueling wildfires and causing damage; when the Zonda blows (June–November), snowstorms and blizzard (\"viento blanco\") conditions usually affect higher elevations.",
"The Sudestada usually moderates cold temperatures but brings very heavy rains, rough seas and coastal flooding.",
"It is most common in late autumn and winter along the central coast and in the Río de la Plata estuary."
] |
[
0
] |
Boards
|
Are shallow fins good for surface tricks?
|
Wakeboarding
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
4
] |
[
"Boards are buoyant with the core usually made up of foam, honeycomb or wood mixed with resin and coated with fiberglass.",
"Metal screws are inserted to attach bindings and fins.",
"The configuration and positioning of the fins and bindings vary according to rider preference and are adjusted for a variety of reasons.",
"A wakeboarder will change the type of fins used for different types of tricks.",
"For example, shallow fins (which do not protrude into the water very far) are better for surface tricks, such as flat spins.",
"Many newer board models contain small moulded fins on the board, allowing the rider to use smaller centre fins and also to create less drag.",
"Board hardware is often set up to allow a rider to ride \"Switch\" or \"Fakie,\" with either foot forward.",
"Such setups are usually symmetrical in layout.",
"New riders normally set up their boards to be comfortable to ride with their \"natural\" foot forward, which does not allow for riding Switch without modifications.",
"For best results and easy wakeboarding, this sport is normally done in lakes, though the intercoastal waterways are also becoming popular."
] |
[] |
Impact of the dissolution of the USSR on historical research
|
When did the USSR dissolve?
|
October Revolution
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
5
] |
[
"The dissolution of the USSR had an impact on historical interpretations of the October Revolution.",
"Since 1991, increasing access to large amounts of Soviet archival materials made it possible to re‑examine the October Revolution.",
"Though both Western and Russian historians now have access to many of these archives, the impact of the dissolution of the USSR can be seen most clearly in the work of historians in the former USSR.",
"While the disintegration essentially helped solidify the Western and Revisionist views, post-USSR Russian historians largely repudiated the former Soviet historical interpretation of the Revolution.",
"In other words, the established Soviet view of the October Revolution has been challenged, and consequently “Russian historians’ outlook has come closer to that of their Western conferes.” As Stephen Kotkin argues, 1991 prompted “a return to political history and the apparent resurrection of totalitarianism, the interpretive view that, in different ways…revisionists sought to bury”.",
"In other words, after 1991, there has been the revival among some historians of the “continuity thesis”, the idea that there was an uncomplicated, natural evolution from the October Revolution’s organizational structure to Stalin’s Gulags."
] |
[
2
] |
Inequality
|
What decade did Catchings and Foster spread their theory?
|
Great Depression
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
0
] |
[
"Two economists of the 1920s, Waddill Catchings and William Trufant Foster, popularized a theory that influenced many policy makers, including Herbert Hoover, Henry A. Wallace, Paul Douglas, and Marriner Eccles.",
"It held the economy produced more than it consumed, because the consumers did not have enough income.",
"Thus the unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920s caused the Great Depression.",
"According to this view, the root cause of the Great Depression was a global over-investment in heavy industry capacity compared to wages and earnings from independent businesses, such as farms.",
"The solution was the government must pump money into consumers' pockets.",
"That is, it must redistribute purchasing power, maintain the industrial base, but re-inflate prices and wages to force as much of the inflationary increase in purchasing power into consumer spending.",
"The economy was overbuilt, and new factories were not needed.",
"Foster and Catchings recommended federal and state governments start large construction projects, a program followed by Hoover and Roosevelt."
] |
[
0
] |
Ore
|
What was the key ingredient for the atomic bomb?
|
Manhattan Project
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
0
] |
[
"The key raw material for the project was uranium, which was used as fuel for the reactors, as feed that was transformed into plutonium, and, in its enriched form, in the atomic bomb itself.",
"There were four known major deposits of uranium in 1940: in Colorado, in northern Canada, in Joachimstal in Czechoslovakia, and in the Belgian Congo.",
"All but Joachimstal were in allied hands.",
"A November 1942 survey determined that sufficient quantities of uranium were available to satisfy the project's requirements.",
"Nichols arranged with the State Department for export controls to be placed on uranium oxide and negotiated for the purchase of of uranium ore from the Belgian Congo that was being stored in a warehouse on Staten Island and the remaining stocks of mined ore stored in the Congo.",
"He negotiated with Eldorado Gold Mines for the purchase of ore from its mine in Port Hope, Ontario, and its shipment in 100-ton lots.",
"The Canadian government subsequently bought up the company's stock until it acquired a controlling interest.",
"While these purchases assured a sufficient supply to meet wartime needs, the American and British leaders concluded that it was in their countries' interest to gain control of as much of the world's uranium deposits as possible.",
"The richest source of ore was the Shinkolobwe mine in the Belgian Congo, but it was flooded and closed.",
"Nichols unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate its reopening and the sale of the entire future output to the United States with Edgar Sengier, the director of the company that owned the mine, Union Minière du Haut Katanga.",
"The matter was then taken up by the Combined Policy Committee.",
"As 30 percent of Union Minière's stock was controlled by British interests, the British took the lead in negotiations.",
"Sir John Anderson and Ambassador John Winant hammered out a deal with Sengier and the Belgian government in May 1944 for the mine to be reopened and of ore to be purchased at $1.45 a pound.",
"To avoid dependence on the British and Canadians for ore, Groves also arranged for the purchase of US Vanadium Corporation's stockpile in Uravan, Colorado.",
"Uranium mining in Colorado yielded about of ore. Mallinckrodt Incorporated in St. Louis, Missouri, took the raw ore and dissolved it in nitric acid to produce uranyl nitrate.",
"Ether was then added in a liquid–liquid extraction process to separate the impurities from the uranyl nitrate.",
"This was then heated to form uranium trioxide, which was reduced to highly pure uranium dioxide.",
"By July 1942, Mallinckrodt was producing a ton of highly pure oxide a day, but turning this into uranium metal initially proved more difficult for contractors Westinghouse and Metal Hydrides.",
"Production was too slow and quality was unacceptably low.",
"A special branch of the Metallurgical Laboratory was established at Iowa State College in Ames, Iowa, under Frank Spedding to investigate alternatives, and its Ames process became available in 1943."
] |
[
0
] |
Museums
|
What is the name of Israel's national Holocaust museum?
|
Israel
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
1
] |
[
"The Israel Museum in Jerusalem is one of Israel's most important cultural institutions and houses the Dead Sea scrolls, along with an extensive collection of Judaica and European art.",
"Israel's national Holocaust museum, Yad Vashem, is the world central archive of Holocaust-related information.",
"Beth Hatefutsoth (the Diaspora Museum), on the campus of Tel Aviv University, is an interactive museum devoted to the history of Jewish communities around the world.",
"Apart from the major museums in large cities, there are high-quality artspaces in many towns and \"kibbutzim\".",
"\"Mishkan Le'Omanut\" on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad is the largest art museum in the north of the country.",
"Several Israeli museums are devoted to Islamic culture, including the Rockefeller Museum and the L. A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art, both in Jerusalem.",
"The Rockefeller specializes in archaeological remains from the Ottoman and other periods of Middle East history.",
"It is also the home of the first hominid fossil skull found in Western Asia called Galilee Man.",
"A cast of the skull is on display at the Israel Museum."
] |
[
0
] |
Battle
|
Why did Cao Cao fall back in the Battle of Red Cliffs?
|
Battle of Red Cliffs
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
2
] |
[
"The Battle of Red Cliffs unfolded in three stages: an initial skirmish at Red Cliffs followed by a retreat to the Wulin (烏林) battlefields on the northwestern bank of the Yangtze, a decisive naval engagement, and Cao Cao's disastrous retreat along Huarong Road.",
"The combined Sun-Liu force sailed upstream from either Xiakou or Fankou to Red Cliffs, where they encountered Cao Cao's vanguard force.",
"Plagued by disease and low morale due to the series of forced marches they had undertaken on the prolonged southern campaign , Cao Cao's men could not gain an advantage in the small skirmish which ensued, so Cao Cao retreated to Wulin (north of the Yangtze River) and the allies pulled back to the south .",
"Cao Cao had chained his ships from stem to stern, possibly aiming to reduce seasickness in his navy, which comprised mostly northerners who were not used to living on ships.",
"Observing this, divisional commander Huang Gai sent Cao Cao a letter feigning surrender and prepared a squadron of capital ships described as \"mengchong doujian\" (蒙衝鬥艦).",
"The ships had been converted into fire ships by filling them with bundles of kindling, dry reeds, and fatty oil.",
"As Huang Gai's \"defecting\" squadron approached the midpoint of the river, the sailors applied fire to the ships before taking to small boats.",
"The unmanned fire ships, carried by the southeastern wind, sped towards Cao Cao's fleet and set it ablaze.",
"Within a short time smoke and flames stretched across the sky, and a large number of men and horses either burned to death or drowned .",
"Following the initial shock, Zhou Yu and the allies led a lightly armed force to capitalise on the assault.",
"The northern army was thrown into confusion and was utterly defeated.",
"Seeing the situation was hopeless, Cao Cao then issued a general order of retreat and destroyed a number of his remaining ships before withdrawing .",
"Cao Cao's army attempted a retreat along Huarong Road, including a long stretch passing through marshlands north of Dongting Lake.",
"Heavy rains had reduced the track to a thick mire, making the road so treacherous that many of the sick soldiers had to carry bundles of grass on their backs and use them to fill the road, to allow the horsemen to cross.",
"Many of these soldiers drowned in the mud or were trampled to death in the effort.",
"To the misery of Cao Cao's army, the allies, led by Zhou Yu and Liu Bei, gave chase over land and water until they reached Nan Commandery (南郡; present-day Jiangling County, Jingzhou, Hubei); combined with famine and disease, this decimated Cao Cao's remaining forces.",
"Cao Cao then retreated north to his home base of Ye (in present-day Handan, Hebei), leaving Cao Ren and Xu Huang to guard Jiangling, Yue Jin stationed in Xiangyang, and Man Chong in Dangyang .",
"The allied counterattack might have vanquished Cao Cao and his forces entirely.",
"However, the crossing of the Yangtze River dissolved into chaos as the allied armies converged on the riverbank and fought over the limited number of ferries.",
"To restore order, a detachment led by Sun Quan's general Gan Ning established a bridgehead in Yiling to the north, and only a staunch rearguard action by Cao Ren prevented further catastrophe (; )."
] |
[
1
] |
Water polo equipment
|
Are mouthguards necessary to play water polo?
|
Water polo
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
11
] |
[
" equipment.",
"Little player equipment is needed to play water polo.",
"Items required in water polo include:",
"Ball: A water polo ball is constructed of waterproof material to allow it to float on the water.",
"The cover is textured to give players additional grip.",
"The size of the ball is different for men's, women's and junior games.",
"Caps: A water polo cap is used to protect the players' heads and ears, and to make them identifiable from afar.",
"Home team field players wear numbered white caps; Visiting team field players wear numbered dark-colored or black caps.",
"Both starting goalkeepers wear red caps (sometimes quartered), numbered \"1\" (substitute goalies' caps are numbered either \"13\" for FINA international play or \"15\" for NCAA play) Caps are fitted with ear protectors.",
"Goals: Two goals are needed in order to play water polo.",
"These can either be put on the side of the pool, or in the pool using floaters.",
"Mouthguard: A mouthguard is not mandatory in most tournaments, but is recommended.",
"Swimwear: Male water polo players wear either swim briefs or jammers (thigh-length trunks).",
"Female players must wear a one-piece swimsuit.",
"Suit-grabbing fouls are common, so players often wear tight-fitting suits, and may layer on several suits at a time for additional security.",
"Many swimwear labels also sell specialized water polo suits that feature reinforced stitching and tougher fabric.",
"Female water polo suits are generally one-piece outfits which do not have open backs, but zip securely up the back so as to not have straps that can be easily grabbed."
] |
[] |
Rules and regulations
|
When is a successful shot worth three points?
|
Basketball
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
3
] |
[
"Measurements and time limits discussed in this section often vary among tournaments and organizations; international and NBA rules are used in this section.",
"The object of the game is to outscore one's opponents by throwing the ball through the opponents' basket from above while preventing the opponents from doing so on their own.",
"An attempt to score in this way is called a shot.",
"A successful shot is worth two points, or three points if it is taken from beyond the three-point arc which is from the basket in international games and in NBA games.",
"A one-point shot can be earned when shooting from the foul line after a foul is made."
] |
[
2
] |
Early walls
|
What dynasty built walls?
|
Great Wall of China
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
13
] |
[
"Early walls.",
"The Chinese were already familiar with the techniques of wall-building by the time of the Spring and Autumn period between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.",
"During this time and the subsequent Warring States period, the states of Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Yan and Zhongshan all constructed extensive fortifications to defend their own borders.",
"Built to withstand the attack of small arms such as swords and spears, these walls were made mostly by stamping earth and gravel between board frames.",
"Qin Shi Huang conquered all opposing states and unified China in 221 BC, establishing the Qin Dynasty.",
"Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the destruction of the wall sections that divided his empire along the former state borders.",
"To position the empire against the Xiongnu people from the north, he ordered the building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's northern frontier.",
"Transporting the large quantity of materials required for construction was difficult, so builders always tried to use local resources.",
"Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while rammed earth was used for construction in the plains.",
"There are no surviving historical records indicating the exact length and course of the Qin Dynasty walls.",
"Most of the ancient walls have eroded away over the centuries, and very few sections remain today.",
"The human cost of the construction is unknown, but it has been estimated by some authors that hundreds of thousands,if not up to a million, workers died building the Qin wall.",
"Later, the Han, Sui, and the Northern dynasties all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great cost to defend themselves against northern invaders.",
"The Tang and Song Dynasties did not build any walls in the region substantially.",
"The Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties, who ruled Northern China throughout most of the 10th–13th centuries, constructed defensive walls in the 12th century, but those were located much to the north of the Great Wall as we know it, within today's Inner and Outer Mongolia."
] |
[
0
] |
Release
|
In what year was Terminator Salvation released
|
Terminator Salvation
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
"The film was released in North America on May 21, 2009 with Warner Bros. setting the American premiere on May 14, 2009 at the Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood.",
"Elsewhere, Sony Pictures Entertainment released the film in most overseas territories on different dates in June.",
"One exception was Mexico, however, because of the swine flu outbreak in the country, which forced Sony to push the release date to July 31, 2009.",
"It is rated PG-13 by the Motion Picture Association of America for \"intense sequences of sci-fi violence, action, and language,\" unlike the previous R-rated films.",
"The decision to release the film with a PG-13 rating has met with much criticism from fans, as well as the media.",
"The rating decision was made after McG cut out a shot of Marcus stabbing a thug with a screwdriver, as the director felt disallowing the young audience due to that one shot was unfair.",
"He also deleted a topless scene for Moon Bloodgood because, \"It was a soft moment between a man and a woman that was designed to echo the Kelly McGillis/Harrison Ford moment in \"Witness\" in the end, it felt more like a gratuitous moment of a girl taking her top off in an action picture, and I didn't want that to convolute the story or the characters.\"",
"The producers had expected the rating because of the modern leniency towards violence in PG-13 films, such as the 2007 action film, \"Live Free or Die Hard\"."
] |
[
0
] |
Neta
|
Why is raw Asian fish of higher quality.
|
Sushi
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
0
] |
[
"For culinary, sanitary, and aesthetic reasons, the minimum quality and freshness of fish to be eaten raw must be superior to that of fish which is to be cooked.",
"Sushi chefs are trained to recognize important attributes, including smell, color, firmness, and freedom from parasites that may go undetected in commercial inspection.",
"Commonly used fish are tuna (\"maguro, shiro-maguro\"), Japanese amberjack, yellowtail (\"hamachi\"), snapper (\"kurodai\"), mackerel (\"saba\"), and salmon (\"sake\").",
"The most valued sushi ingredient is \"toro,\" the fatty cut of the fish.",
"This comes in a variety of \"ōtoro\" (often from the bluefin species of tuna) and \"chūtoro\", meaning \"middle toro\", implying that it is halfway into the fattiness between \"toro\" and the regular cut.",
"\"Aburi\" style refers to \"nigiri\" sushi where the fish is partially grilled (topside) and partially raw.",
"Most nigiri sushi will be completely raw.",
"Other seafoods such as squid (\"ika\"), eel (\"anago\" and \"unagi\"), pike conger (\"hamo\"), octopus (\"tako\"), shrimp (\"ebi\" and \"amaebi\"), clam (\"mirugai\", \"aoyagi\" and \"akagai\"), fish roe (\"ikura\", \"masago\", \"kazunoko\" and \"tobiko\"), sea urchin (\"uni\"), crab (\"kani\"), and various kinds of shellfish (abalone, prawn, scallop) are the most popular seafoods in sushi.",
"Oysters, however, are less common, as the taste is not thought to go well with the rice.",
"\"Kani kama\", or imitation crab stick, is commonly substituted for real crab, most notably in California rolls.",
"Pickled daikon radish (\"takuan\") in \"shinko maki\", pickled vegetables (\"tsukemono\"), fermented soybeans (\"nattō\") in \"nattō maki\", avocado, cucumber in \"kappa maki\", asparagus, yam, pickled ume (\"umeboshi\"), gourd (\"kanpyō\"), burdock (\"gobo\"), and sweet corn (possibly mixed with mayonnaise) are also used in sushi.",
"Tofu and eggs (in the form of slightly sweet, layered omelette called \"tamagoyaki\" and raw quail eggs ride as a \"gunkan-maki\" topping) are common."
] |
[
1
] |
Plot
|
What gender were Jesse and Celine's kids?
|
Before Midnight (film)
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
"Nine years after the conclusion of \"Before Sunset\", Jesse (Hawke) and Céline (Delpy) are a couple and parents to twin girls conceived when they got together for the second time.",
"Jesse is also struggling to maintain his relationship with his teenage son, Hank (Davey-Fitzpatrick), who lives in Chicago with Jesse's ex-wife and who, after spending the summer with Jesse and Céline on the Greek Peloponnese peninsula, is being dropped off at the airport to fly home.",
"Jesse has continued to find success as a novelist, while Céline is at a career crossroads, considering a job with the French government.",
"After dropping off Hank at the airport, the couple discuss their worries about Hank having a healthy childhood and Céline deciding what to do with her career, before returning to the house of their Greek friend, Patrick (Lassally).",
"Over dinner they discuss ideas about love and life, and the other people staying with them buy Jesse and Céline a hotel room for that night so they can have some time alone.",
"While walking to the hotel, the couple reminisce about how they met and how their lives have changed since then.",
"When they arrive at the hotel, however, the two have a vicious argument, as both of them pour out their fears about a present and future together.Céline eventually storms out of the hotel room, telling Jesse she doesn't think she loves him anymore before sitting in the hotel's outdoor restaurant alone.",
"Jesse joins her and playfully tries to explain to her how things can be different from tonight.",
"Céline initially finds his attempts childish, saying that their fantasies will never match the imperfect reality their relationship constantly goes through.",
"Jesse then proclaims his love to her, saying that he loves her unconditionally and is not sure what else she could want from a relationship.",
"Céline suddenly resumes Jesse's joke and the two seem to reconcile."
] |
[
0
] |
Etching
|
Who introduced Van Gogh to etching?
|
Portrait of Dr. Gachet
| false | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"Van Gogh, introduced to etching by Gachet, made the etching \"Portrait of Doctor Gachet\" in 1890.",
"Gachet and Van Gogh discussed creating a series of southern France themes but that never happened.",
"This was the one and only etching, also known as \"L'homme à la pipe\" (Man with a pipe), that Van Gogh ever made.",
"Van Gogh's brother, Theo, who received an impression of the etching, called it \"a true painter's etching.",
"No refinement in the execution, but a drawing on metal.\"",
"It is a different pose than that in Van Gogh's \"Portrait of Dr. Gachet\", owned by Musée d'Orsay.",
"The National Gallery of Canada finds that \"The undulating flow of the line is typical of the expressive quality of Van Gogh's late style.\"",
"The impression owned by the National Gallery is from one of the 60 printings following Van Gogh's death by Dr. Gachet's son, Paul Gachet Jr. Gachet's collector's stamp appears on the bottom edge of the print."
] |
[
3
] |
Seedless fruits
|
What is an important feature of some fruits of commerce?
|
Fruit
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
0
] |
[
"Seedlessness is an important feature of some fruits of commerce.",
"Commercial cultivars of bananas and pineapples are examples of seedless fruits.",
"Some cultivars of citrus fruits (especially navel oranges), satsumas, mandarin oranges, table grapes, grapefruit, and watermelons are valued for their seedlessness.",
"In some species, seedlessness is the result of \"parthenocarpy\", where fruits set without fertilization.",
"Parthenocarpic fruit set may or may not require pollination but most seedless citrus fruits require stimulus from pollination to produce fruit.",
"Seedless bananas and grapes are triploids, and seedlessness results from the abortion of the embryonic plant that is produced by fertilization, a phenomenon known as \"stenospermocarpy\" which requires normal pollination and fertilization."
] |
[
0
] |
Storybook Circus
|
When was Michkey's Toontown Fair closed to make way for Storybook Circus?
|
Magic Kingdom
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
4
] |
[
"Part of Fantasyland, Storybook Circus is located at the former site of Mickey's Toontown Fair, and is based on elements from \"Dumbo\" and the Mickey Mouse universe.",
"Attractions include The Barnstormer and Dumbo the Flying Elephant, which was removed from its former location on January 8, 2012.",
"Also included is the Casey Jr. Splash n' Soak Station (a water play area themed to Casey Jr., the train from \"Dumbo\").",
"Storybook Circus began soft openings on March 12, 2012, with more parts opening on March 31.",
"Mickey's Toontown Fair closed permanently on February 11, 2011, to make way for Storybook Circus.",
"Some elements of Mickey's Toontown Fair were demolished, and others were re-themed to fit the circus concept.",
"An expanded Dumbo the Flying Elephant ride was built, with an interactive queue, and a second Dumbo ride was built next to it, in order to increase capacity.",
"The Barnstormer at Goofy's Wiseacre Farm was re-themed to \"The Great Goofini\".",
"A big top area was built for meet-and-greets, called Pete's Silly Sideshow.",
"This attraction features Goofy as a stuntman, Minnie as a magician, Daisy as a fortune-teller, and Donald as a snake-charmer."
] |
[
2
] |
Bombers
|
Who were the bombers of Luftwaffe?
|
Battle of Britain
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
0
] |
[
"The \"Luftwaffe\"'s four primary bombers were the Heinkel He 111, Dornier Do 17, and Junkers Ju 88 for level bombing, and the Junkers Ju 87 \"Stuka\" for diving attacks.",
"The Heinkel He 111 was used in greater numbers than the others during the conflict and is better known, partly due to its distinctive wing shape.",
"Each level bomber also had a few reconnaissance versions that were used during the battle.",
"Although successful in previous \"Luftwaffe\" engagements, the \"Stuka\" suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Britain, particularly on 18 August, due to its slow speed and vulnerability to fighter interception after the dive bombing.",
"As a result of the losses and limited payload and range, \"Stuka\" units were largely removed from operations over England and concentrated on shipping instead until they were re-deployed to the Eastern Front in 1941.",
"They returned on occasion, such as on 13 September to attack Tangmere airfield.",
"The remaining three bomber types differed in their capabilities; the Heinkel 111 was the slowest; the Ju 88 was the fastest once its mainly external bomb load was dropped; and the Do 17 had the smallest bomb load.",
"All three bomber types suffered heavy losses from British fighters, but the Ju 88 disproportionately so.",
"The German bombers required constant protection by the \"Luftwaffe\"'s fighter force.",
"There were not enough Bf 109Es to support more than 300–400 bombers on any given day.",
"Later in the conflict, when night bombing became more frequent, all three were used.",
"However, due to its reduced bomb load, the lighter Do 17 was used less than the He 111 and Ju 88 for this purpose.",
"On the British side, three bomber types were mostly used on night operations against targets such as factories, invasion ports and railway centres; the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, the Handley-Page Hampden and the Vickers Wellington were classified as heavy bombers by the RAF, although the Hampden was a medium bomber comparable to the He 111.",
"The twin-engined Bristol Blenheim and the obsolescent single-engined Fairey Battle were both light bombers; the Blenheim was the most numerous of the aircraft equipping RAF Bomber Command and was used in attacks against shipping, ports, airfields and factories on the continent by day and by night.",
"The Fairey Battle squadrons, which had suffered heavy losses in daylight attacks during the Battle of France, were brought up to strength with reserve aircraft and continued to operate at night in attacks against the invasion ports, until the Battle was withdrawn from UK front line service in October 1940."
] |
[
3
] |
Awards and nominations
|
Gilmore Girls was the recipient of which Emmy Award?
|
Gilmore Girls
| true | 1TV
|
[
2
] |
[
"",
"\"Gilmore Girls\" received an American Film Institute Award and two Viewers For Quality Television Awards, and was named New Program of the Year by the Television Critics Association.",
"The show won an Emmy for its only nomination: 2004's Outstanding Makeup for a Series for the episode \"The Festival of Living Art\".",
"The show's actors have received many awards for their work on the series.",
"Graham won two Family Television Awards, and she won Teen Choice Award for Best TV Mom twice.",
"Alexis Bledel won a Young Artist Award and a Family Television Award.",
"The series also won a Family Television Award for New Series, and was named Best Family TV Drama Series by the Young Artist Awards."
] |
[] |
Variations
|
Can burgers be only made with beef?
|
Hamburger
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
0
] |
[
"Burgers can also be made with patties made from ingredients other than beef.",
"For example, a \"turkey burger\" uses ground turkey meat, a \"chicken burger\" uses ground chicken meat.",
"A \"buffalo burger\" uses ground meat from a bison, and an \"ostrich burger\" is made from ground seasoned ostrich meat.",
"A deer burger uses ground venison from deer.",
"A \"veggie burger\", \"garden burger\", or \"tofu burger\" uses a meat analogue, a meat substitute such as tofu, TVP, seitan (wheat gluten), quorn, beans, grains or an assortment of vegetables, ground up and mashed into patties."
] |
[] |
Live performances
|
How did Rihanna utilize the "cleopatra" style in her performance?
|
Where Have You Been
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
9,
3,
4
] |
[
"Rihanna performed \"Where Have You Been\" for the first time live at the 2012 Post-Grammy Charity Fundraiser, along with \"We Found Love\", on February 13, 2012.",
"On April 15, 2012, Rihanna performed the song at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, again with \"We Found Love\".",
"On May 5, 2012, Rihanna performed the song on \"Saturday Night Live\" in the United States.",
"The performance featured an aesthetic similar to that of the music video; the \"SNL\" set was decorated in a \"One Thousand and One Nights\" fashion.",
"Rihanna and her backup dancers performed a highly choreographed dance routine, the same as the music video, and wore Arabian inspired outfits.",
"She also performed the song at the 2012 Robin Hood Benefit in New York.",
"The performance was in \"Cleopatra\" style.",
"The singer performed the song on \"American Idol\"'s season 11 finale on May 23, 2012.",
"Rihanna performed \"Where Have You Been\" at Radio 1's Hackney Weekend on June 24, 2012, as the tenth song on the set list.",
"The performance featured a giant sphinx on the stage."
] |
[
5
] |
Setting
|
Where do contestants stay at the start of filming?
|
The Bachelor (U.S. TV series)
| true | 1TV
|
[
0
] |
[
"For the first two weeks of filming the contestants stay in \"Villa De La Vina,\" a , six-bedroom, nine-bath home in Agoura Hills, California.",
"The custom home, built in 2005, is located on 10 acres at 2351 Kanan Road.",
"As of October 10, 2008, the home was listed for sale at a price of US$8.75 million.",
"For the third and remaining episodes are the contestants have filmed around the world.",
"Episodes have been filmed throughout the United States, Canada, England, New Zealand, Vietnam, Korea to name just a few.",
"The Agoura Hills, California mansion was not used during a few seasons including season 7 that was filmed New York City, where Charlie O'Connell, who had appeared in \"Sliders\" with his brother Jerry O'Connell, lived, Paris, France for season 8; Rome, Italy for season 9, where Lorenzo Borghese lived who is half-Italian. "
] |
[
4
] |
East Europe breaks away
|
Which Communist governments became the first to negotiate organizing of competitive elections?
|
Cold War
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
2
] |
[
"By 1989, the Soviet alliance system was on the brink of collapse, and, deprived of Soviet military support, the Communist leaders of the Warsaw Pact states were losing power.",
"Grassroots organizations, such as Poland's Solidarity movement, rapidly gained ground with strong popular bases.",
"In 1989, the Communist governments in Poland and Hungary became the first to negotiate the organizing of competitive elections.",
"In Czechoslovakia and East Germany, mass protests unseated entrenched Communist leaders.",
"The Communist regimes in Bulgaria and Romania also crumbled, in the latter case as the result of a violent uprising.",
"Attitudes had changed enough that US Secretary of State James Baker suggested that the American government would not be opposed to Soviet intervention in Romania, on behalf of the opposition, to prevent bloodshed.",
"The tidal wave of change culminated with the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which symbolized the collapse of European Communist governments and graphically ended the Iron Curtain divide of Europe.",
"The 1989 revolutionary wave swept across Central and Eastern Europe peacefully overthrew all the Soviet-style communist states: East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria, Romania was the only Eastern-bloc country to topple its communist regime violently and execute its head of state."
] |
[] |
Public transportation
|
Between which hours does the Subway line run daily?
|
Universal Studios Hollywood
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
2
] |
[
"Universal Studios Hollywood can easily be accessed by public transportation.",
"The Metro Red line subway train runs between Union Station in Downtown Los Angeles, Westlake, Koreatown, Los Angeles, East Hollywood, and Hollywood.",
"The subway line runs daily between the hours of 4:55 a.m. and 12:35 a.m.",
"The last Metro Red Line train to Downtown Los Angeles departs the Universal City station at 12:58 a.m. on Mondays-Thursdays and Sunday/Holidays.",
"On Fridays and Saturdays, the last Metro Red Line train to Downtown Los Angeles departs the station at 2:00 a.m.",
"Passengers can also arrive at the entrance of the theme park entrance by several Metro bus routes.",
"Metro Local lines: 150, 155, 224,240, and Metro Rapid line: 750 stop at Lankershim Blvd & Universal Center Drive (front entrance).",
"Metro local line: 165 and Metro Shuttle Line: 656 Owl stop farther away from the entrance at Ventura Blvd.",
"& Lankershim blvd.",
"Passengers will need to walk north on Lankershim blvd and turn right on Universal Center drive.",
"There is an additional stop further south at Cahuenga / Universal Studios Blvd served both by these lines.",
"This stop is leads directly towards citywalk and the entrance to the theme park.",
"At the front entrance (Universal Center Dr. & Lankershim Blvd), there is a free shuttle tram which directly takes the passengers directly towards the theme park entrance.",
"The shuttle time varies between days but it typically runs between: 7:00 a.m.-7:00 p.m. and later on Fridays and Saturdays."
] |
[] |
Box office
|
In what year was "Despicable Me" released in the US?
|
Despicable Me
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
"Released on July 9, 2010, in the United States, \"Despicable Me\" opened at the number one spot at the box office and pulled in $56.3 million, making it the third biggest opening grossing for an animated film in 2010 behind \"Toy Story 3\" and \"Shrek Forever After\".",
"In its second weekend, the film dipped 42% to second place behind \"Inception\" with $32.8 million earned.",
"The film then had another drop of 27% in its third weekend and finished in third place with $23.8 million.",
"On August 5, 2010, the film crossed the $200 million mark, becoming the first Universal film to reach the milestone since 2007's \"The Bourne Ultimatum\".",
"On the weekend lasting from September 3–5, 2010, it surpassed \"Shrek Forever After\" to become the second highest-grossing animated film of 2010 in the United States and Canada, behind \"Toy Story 3\".",
"It was also the highest-grossing non-DreamWorks/non-Disney·Pixar animated film of all time in these territories, since overtaken by its sequel.",
"The film has made $251,513,985 in the United States and Canada as well as an estimated $291,600,000 internationally for a worldwide total of $543,010,705, against its $69 million budget.",
"This film is also Universal's sixth highest-grossing film (unadjusted for inflation) and the tenth-highest-grossing animated feature of all-time in North America.",
"In worldwide earnings, it is the sixth biggest film of Universal Studios, the fourth highest-grossing animated film of 2010 trailing \"Toy Story 3\", \"Shrek Forever After\", and \"Tangled\", the 25th highest-grossing animated film of all time and the 9th highest-grossing film of 2010."
] |
[
0
] |
Aftermath
|
How does the Batte of Red Cliffs explain the event in history in southern China?
|
Battle of Red Cliffs
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
7
] |
[
"By the end of 209, the post Cao Cao had established at Jiangling fell to Zhou Yu.",
"The borders of the land under Cao Cao's control contracted about , to the area around Xiangyang .",
"Liu Bei, on the other hand, had gained territory by taking over the four commanderies (Wuling, Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang) south of the Yangtze River.",
"Sun Quan's troops had suffered far greater casualties than Liu Bei's in the extended conflict against Cao Ren following the Battle of Red Cliffs , and the death of Zhou Yu in 210 resulted in a drastic weakening of Sun Quan's strength in Jing Province .",
"Liu Bei also occupied Jing Province that Cao Cao had recently lost — a strategic and naturally fortified area on the Yangtze River that Sun Quan claimed for himself.",
"The control of Jing Province provided Liu Bei with virtually unlimited access to the passage into Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) and important waterways into Wu (southeastern China), as well as dominion of the southern Yangtze River.",
"Never again would Cao Cao command so large a fleet as he had at Jiangling, nor would a similar opportunity to destroy his southern rivals present itself again .",
"The Battle of Red Cliffs and the capture of Jing Province by Liu Bei confirmed the separation of southern China from the northern heartland of the Yellow River valley, and also foreshadowed a north-south axis of hostility which would resonate for centuries ."
] |
[
5
] |
Success of athletes
|
Which season did Shawn Johnson and Gilles Marini tie in the finale?
|
Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)
| false | 1TV
|
[
22
] |
[
"Athletes have historically been far more successful as a group than other celebrities on the show.",
"At the end of the spring 2011 season, 28 athletes have competed on the show, representing 20% of the contestants.",
"They've won six competitions and placed second four times; a collective success (win or runner-up) rate of 36%.",
"In other words, better than one third of the athletes who have appeared on the show have finished either first or second.",
"This is far better than the rate for reality-show contestants, supermodels, actors, politicians and other celebrities.",
"Musicians/singers, at 27%, are the second most successful group.",
"It is speculated by the cast and staff on the show as well as the athletes themselves, that they have several advantages in some key areas:",
"Physical ability – Many of the physical abilities associated with gifted athleticism such as strength, agility, quickness, balance, stamina and more generally, body control and muscle coordination, are also considered useful and advantageous qualities in competitive dancing.",
"Training and coaching – Athletes are familiar with effective and efficient training techniques.",
"Professional dancer Cheryl Burke states, \"They are used to being coached and they respond to criticism better than, say, actors\".",
"Casting director Deena Katz says, \"They know their limits and don't overtrain like some others do\", and so they avoid injuries, which hamper many of the contestants.",
"Competitive instinct – Successful athletes are competitive individuals and therefore comfortable in an environment which encourages \"bettering\" an opponent.",
"In addition, they are familiar with performing under pressure and in some cases, thrive on it.",
"Highly successful, elite athletes are capable of performing at their highest level when it is most important.",
"They are able to focus and possibly even \"raise\" the quality of their performance during the biggest of competitions, whereas other contestants may falter under the same pressure.",
"There are disadvantages as well, particularly with the larger athletes such as football and basketball players.",
"Some of these athletes have difficulty making their over-sized frames look graceful on the dance floor.",
"However, this can also be an advantage: since this struggle with their large size is often plainly apparent during their performances, voters will tend to give them more leeway in this area, while an actor or singer with known dance background or training may be held to a higher standard in the voters' minds.",
"In every season finale in which an athlete was present, and was either tied for the top of the leader board or one point behind the leader said athlete went on to win the season.",
"This has happened on five occasions:",
"Season 3: Emmitt Smith and Mario Lopez tied in the finale, with both scoring 89/90",
"Season 5: Helio Castroneves scored one point behind Mel B in the finale, scoring 84/90 to her 85/90 (Castroneves is the only, male, non-NFL player for this to occur to)",
"Season 8: Shawn Johnson and Gilles Marini tied in the finale, with both scoring 88/90 (Johnson is the only female athlete for this to occur to)",
"Season 12: Hines Ward and Chelsea Kane tied in the finale, with both scoring 89/90 (Kane, however, landed in third place)",
"Season 14: Donald Driver scored one point behind Katherine Jenkins in the finale, scoring 89/90 to her 90/90"
] |
[] |
Team play
|
What screening is most common and has a W formation?
|
Volleyball
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
20
] |
[
"Volleyball is essentially a game of transition from one of the above skills to the next, with choreographed team movement between plays on the ball.",
"These team movements are determined by the teams chosen serve receive system, offensive system, coverage system, and defensive system.",
"The serve receive system is the formation used by the receiving team to attempt to pass the ball to the designated setter.",
"Systems can consist of 5 receivers, 4 receivers, 3 receivers, and in some cases 2 receivers.",
"The most popular formation at higher levels is a 3 receiver formation consisting of two left sides and a libero receiving every rotation.",
"This allows middles and right sides to become more specialized at hitting and blocking.",
"Offensive systems are the formations used by the offense to attempt to ground the ball into the opposing court (or otherwise score points).",
"Formations often include designated player positions with skill specialization (see \"Player specialization\", below).",
"Popular formations include the 4-2, 6-2, and 5-1 systems (see \"Formations\", below).",
"There are also several different attacking schemes teams can use to keep the opposing defense off balance.",
"Coverage systems are the formations used by the offense to protect their court in the case of a blocked attack.",
"Executed by the 5 offensive players not directly attacking the ball, players move to assigned positions around the attacker to dig up any ball that deflects off the block back into their own court.",
"Popular formations include the 2-3 system and the 1-2-2 system.",
"In lieu of a system, some teams just use a random coverage with the players nearest the hitter.",
"Defensive systems are the formations used by the defense to protect against the ball being grounded into their court by the opposing team.",
"The system will outline which players are responsible for which areas of the court depending on where the opposing team is attacking from.",
"Popular systems include the 6-Up, 6-Back-Deep, and 6-Back-Slide defense.",
"There are also several different blocking schemes teams can employ to disrupt the opposing teams offense.",
"Some teams, when they are ready to serve, will line up their other five players in a screen to obscure the view of the receiving team.",
"This action is only illegal if the server makes use of the screen, so the call is made at the referees discretion as to the impact the screen made on the receivers ability to pass the ball.",
"The most common style of screening involves a W formation designed to take up as much horizontal space as possible."
] |
[
0
] |
Recipe
|
What could be added to maintain the quality of the fries?
|
Poutine
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
11
] |
[
"In the basic recipe for poutine, French fries are covered with fresh cheese curds, and topped with brown gravy.",
"In a Quebec poutine:",
"\"Fries\": Usually of medium thickness, and fried (sometimes doubly) so that the inside stays soft, while the outside is crispy.",
"\"Cheese curds\": Fresh cheese curds are used to give the desired texture.",
"The curd size may vary but is usually slightly smaller than bite-sized.",
"\"Gravy\": Traditionally a light and thin chicken, veal, or turkey gravy, mildly spiced with a hint of pepper, or a \"sauce brune\" which is a combination of beef and chicken stock, a variant originating in Quebec.",
"The gravy should be thin enough to easily filter down into the mass of fries and cheese curds.",
"These sauces typically also contain vinegar or a sour flavouring to balance the richness of the cheese and fries.",
"Traditional poutine sauces (\"mélange à sauce poutine\") are sold in Quebec, Ontario, and Maritime grocery stores in jars or cans and in powdered mix packets.",
"Recently, some stores have begun to offer vegetarian gravy as an option to cater to ovolactovegetarians.",
"Heavy beef or pork-based brown gravies are rarely used.",
"To maintain the texture of the fries, the cheese curd and gravy are added immediately prior to serving the dish.",
"The hot gravy is usually poured over the cold cheese curds, so that the cheese is warmed without completely melting.",
"It is important to control the temperature, timing and the order in which the ingredients are added, so as to obtain the right food textures which is an essential part of the experience of eating poutine."
] |
[
0
] |
Food security
|
By what year will the global population be double ?
|
Global warming
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
2
] |
[
"Under present trends, by 2030, maize production in Southern Africa could decrease by up to 30%, while rice, millet and maize in South Asia could decrease by up to 10%.",
"By 2080, yields in developing countries could decrease by 10% to 25% on average while India could see a drop of 30% to 40%.",
"By 2100, while the population of three billion is expected to double, rice and maize yields in the tropics are expected to decrease by 20–40% because of higher temperatures without accounting for the decrease in yields as a result of soil moisture and water supplies stressed by rising temperatures.",
"Future warming of around (by 2100, relative to 1990–2000) could result in increased crop yields in mid- and high-latitude areas, but in low-latitude areas, yields could decline, increasing the risk of malnutrition.",
"A similar regional pattern of net benefits and costs could occur for economic (market-sector) effects.",
"Warming above could result in crop yields falling in temperate regions, leading to a reduction in global food production."
] |
[
0
] |
Vietnamese women
|
Madame Nhu was commander of what during Diem's presidency?
|
Vietnam War
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
7
] |
[
"Unlike the American women who went to Vietnam, North Vietnamese women were enlisted and fought in the combat zone as well as provided manual labor to keep the Ho Chi Minh trail open, cook for the troops, and some served as \"comfort women\" for male communist fighters.",
"They also worked in the rice fields in North Vietnam and Viet Cong-held farming areas in South Vietnam's Mekong Delta region to provide food for their families and the war effort.",
"Women were enlisted in both the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and the Viet Cong guerrilla insurgent force in South Vietnam.",
"Some women also served for the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong intelligence services.",
"In South Vietnam, many women voluntarily serve in the ARVN's Women's Armed Force Corps (WAFC) and various other Women's corps in the military.",
"Some, like in the WAFC, fought in combat with other soldiers.",
"Others have served as nurses and doctors in the battlefield and in military hospitals, or served in South Vietnam or America's intelligence agencies.",
"During Diệm's presidency, Madame Nhu was the commander of the WAFC."
] |
[
0
] |
Remixes, Extra Festive, and Superfestive versions
|
When was the song all I want for Christmas first released?
|
All I Want for Christmas Is You
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
0
] |
[
"When the song was first released as a single in 1994, no remixes were commissioned.",
"Carey re-released the song commercially in Japan in 2000, with a new remix known as the So So Def remix.",
"The remix contains new vocals and is played over a harder, more urban beat; it features raps by Jermaine Dupri and Bow Wow.",
"The remix appears on Carey's compilation album \"Greatest Hits\" (2001) as a bonus track.",
"In 2009, a remix produced by Carey and Low Sunday, called \"Mariah's New Dance Mix\", was released.",
"The mix laid the original 1994 vocals over new electronic instrumentation.",
"The remix garnered a positive response.",
"MTV's Kyle Anderson wrote that \"it's difficult to improve perfection,\" but that the remix \"does dress up the song in a disco thump that should make your office Christmas party 28 percent funkier than it was last year.\"",
"Idolator's Becky Bain praised the song's catchiness.",
"In 2010, Carey re-recorded the song for her thirteenth studio and second holiday album, \"Merry Christmas II You\".",
"Titled \"All I Want for Christmas Is You (Extra Festive)\", the new version featured re-recorded vocals, softer bell ringing and stronger drumming, and an orchestral introduction that replaced the a capella introduction.",
"Steven J. Horowitz from \"Rap-Up\" wrote that the new version \"sound just as enjoyable as it did in 1994.\"",
"While the song was praised, it drew criticism for being too similar to the original.",
"Thomas Connor from the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" wrote that the new version \"just seems to add a few brassy backup singers to the exact same arrangement.\"",
"Caryn Ganz from \"Rolling Stone\" agreed, writing that it was \"hard to figure out what's 'extra festive'\" about the new version.",
"Dan Hancox, editor of \"The National\", also felt the new version was unnecessary.",
"In 2011, pop singer Justin Bieber also recorded a version of the song as a duet with Carey, titled \"All I Want for Christmas Is You (Superfestive!",
")\", on his holiday album, \"Under the Mistletoe\".",
"The accompanying music video for the duet was filmed in Macy's department store in New York, and features Bieber shopping with his friends whilst Carey poses on a staging area next to a Christmas tree and gifts.",
"The two rejoice at the end by sitting in a sleigh with a crowd of young customers handing out gifts to everyone."
] |
[
2
] |
Descriptions of painting
|
What was Picasso's most mysterious and challenging painting and when was it created?
|
Dora Maar au Chat
| true | 3ART
|
[
1,
11
] |
[
"",
"\"Dora Maar au Chat\" presents the artist's most mysterious and challenging mistress regally posed three-quarter length in a large wooden chair with a small black cat perched behind her in both an amusing and menacing attitude.",
"The faceted planes of her body and richly layered surface of brushstrokes impart a monumental and sculptural quality to this portrait.",
"The painting is also remarkable for its brilliance of colour and the complex and dense patterning of the model's dress.",
"The powerful figure is set in a dramatic, yet simple setting composed of a vertiginously inclined plane of wooden floorboards and shallow interior space that is arranged in a manner reminiscent of Picasso’s earliest manipulations of space in a cubist manner.",
"\"Dora Maar au Chat\" is one of Picasso’s most valued depictions of his lover and artistic companion.",
"Their partnership had been one of intellectual exchange and intense passion—Dora was an artist, spoke Picasso’s native Spanish, and shared his political concerns.",
"She even assisted with the execution of the monumental \"Guernica\" and produced the only photo-documentary of the work in progress.",
"She was an intellectual force – a characteristic that both stimulated and challenged Picasso and her influence on him resulted in some of his most powerful and daring portraits of his 75-year career.",
"Among the best of them are the oils completed during the late 1930s and early 1940s, when Picasso’s art resonated with the drama and emotional upheaval of the era and which Dora came to personify.",
"The luminous \"Dora Maar au Chat\" was painted in 1941, at the beginning of the Second World War in France .",
"Maar was one of the most influential figures in Picasso’s life during their relationship and she also became his primary model.",
"By the time he painted the present picture he had incorporated Dora Maar’s image into countless versions of this motif.",
"During the occupation of Paris by the Nazis, and as tension mounted in their relationship, the artist would express his frustration by furiously abstracting her image, often portraying her in tears.",
"While the present portrait might seem a departure from Picasso's more hostile depictions of this model, it may be one of his most brilliant and biting provocations of his \"Weeping Woman\".",
"Picasso once likened Maar’s allure and temperament to that of an “Afghan cat”, and the cat in this picture is laden with significance.",
"In the history of art, the pairing of cats and women was an allusion to feminine wiles and sexual aggression, as exemplified in Manet’s notorious \"Olympia\".",
"It is also interesting to consider that the artist has paid particular attention to the sharp, talon-like nails on the long fingers of his model.",
"In life Maar’s well-manicured hands were one of her most beautiful and distinctive features, and here they have taken on another, more violent characteristic.",
"In addition to being a rare, three-quarter length portrait of Dora Maar, the present work is also a generous and painterly composition with an extraordinary attention to detail.",
"The artist used an extraordinarily vibrant palette in his rendering of the angles of the chair and the patterning of Maar’s dress.",
"The most embellished and symbolic element of the sitter’s wardrobe in this picture is her hat, Maar’s most famous accessory and signifier of her involvement in the Surrealist movement.",
"Ceremoniously placed atop her head like a crown, it is festooned with colourful plumes and outlined with a band of vibrant red.",
"Larger than life, an impression enhanced by her vibrant body that cannot be confined by the boundaries of the chair, Maar looms in this picture like a pagan goddess seated on her throne."
] |
[
2,
0
] |
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