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Universities and schools
|
How many national level tournaments does the United States host for the sport of fencing?
|
Fencing
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
3
] |
[
"Fencing has a long history with universities and schools for at least 500 years.",
"At least one style of fencing, Mensur in Germany, is practiced only within universities.",
"University students compete internationally at the World University Games.",
"The United States holds two national level university tournaments including the NCAA championship and the USACFC National Championships tournaments in the USA and the BUCS fencing championships in the United Kingdom.",
"Equipment costs and the relatively small scale of the sport limits university fencing to a small number of schools.",
"National fencing organizations have set up programs to encourage more students to fence.",
"Examples include the Regional Youth Circuit program in the USA and the Leon Paul Youth Development series in the UK.",
"In recent years, attempts have been made to introduce fencing to a wider and younger audience, by using foam and plastic swords, which require much less protective equipment.",
"This makes it much less expensive to provide classes, and makes it easier to take fencing to a wider range of schools than traditionally has been the case.",
"There is even a competition series in Scotland – the Plastic-and-Foam Fencing FunLeague – specifically for Primary and early Secondary school-age children using this equipment.",
"The UK hosts two national competitions in which schools compete against each other directly: the Public Schools Fencing Championship, a competition only open to Independent Schools, and the Scottish Secondary Schools Championships, open to all secondary schools in Scotland.",
"It contains both teams and individual events and is highly anticipated.",
"Schools organise matches directly against one another and school age pupils can compete individually in the British Youth Championships.",
"Many universities in Ontario, Canada have fencing teams that participate in an annual inter-university competition called the OUA Finals."
] |
[
5
] |
Notation
|
What is A's nucleotide?
|
Nucleic acid sequence
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
2
] |
[
"While A, T, C, and G represent a particular nucleotide at a position, there are also letters that represent ambiguity which are used when more than one kind of nucleotide could occur at that position.",
"The rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) are as follows:",
"A = adenine",
"C = cytosine",
"G = guanine",
"T = thymine",
"R = G A (purine)",
"Y = T C (pyrimidine)",
"K = G T (keto)",
"M = A C (amino)",
"S = G C (strong bonds)",
"W = A T (weak bonds)",
"B = G T C (all but A)",
"D = G A T (all but C)",
"H = A C T (all but G)",
"V = G C A (all but T)",
"N = A G C T (any)",
"These symbols are also valid for RNA, except with U (uracil) replacing T (thymine).",
"Apart from adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T) and uracil (U), DNA and RNA also contain bases that have been modified after the nucleic acid chain has been formed.",
"In DNA, the most common modified base is 5-methylcytidine (m5C).",
"In RNA, there are many modified bases, including pseudouridine (Ψ), dihydrouridine (D), inosine (I), ribothymidine (rT) and 7-methylguanosine (m7G).",
"Hypoxanthine and xanthine are two of the many bases created through mutagen presence, both of them through deamination (replacement of the amine-group with a carbonyl-group).",
"Hypoxanthine is produced from adenine, xanthine from guanine.",
"Similarly, deamination of cytosine results in uracil."
] |
[
0
] |
Federal state
|
How long did the civil war in Switzerland last?
|
Switzerland
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
2
] |
[
"The restoration of the power to the patriciate was only temporary.",
"After a period of unrest with repeated violent clashes such as the Züriputsch of 1839, civil war broke out in 1847 when some of the Catholic cantons tried to set up a separate alliance (the \"Sonderbundskrieg\").",
"The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties, most of which were through friendly fire.",
"However minor the Sonderbundskrieg seems to be when compared with other European riots and wars in the 19th century, it nevertheless had a major impact on both the psychology and the society of the Swiss and of Switzerland.",
"The war convinced most Swiss of the need for unity and strength towards its European neighbours.",
"Swiss people from all strata of society, whether Catholic or Protestant, from the liberal or conservative current, realised that the cantons would profit more if their economic and religious interests were merged.",
"Thus, while the rest of Europe saw revolutionary uprisings, the Swiss drew up a constitution which provided for a federal layout, much of it inspired by the American example.",
"This constitution provided for a central authority while leaving the cantons the right to self-government on local issues.",
"Giving credit to those who favoured the power of the cantons (the Sonderbund Kantone), the national assembly was divided between an upper house (the Swiss Council of States, 2 representatives per canton) and a lower house (the National Council of Switzerland, representatives elected from across the country).",
"Referenda were made mandatory for any amendment of this constitution.",
"A system of single weights and measures was introduced and in 1850 the Swiss franc became the Swiss single currency.",
"Article 11 of the constitution forbade sending troops to serve abroad, though the Swiss were still obliged to serve Francis II of the Two Sicilies with Swiss Guards present at the Siege of Gaeta in 1860, marking the end of foreign service.",
"An important clause of the constitution was that it could be re-written completely if this was deemed necessary, thus enabling it to evolve as a whole rather than being modified one amendment at a time.",
"This need soon proved itself when the rise in population and the Industrial Revolution that followed led to calls to modify the constitution accordingly.",
"An early draft was rejected by the population in 1872 but modifications led to its acceptance in 1874.",
"It introduced the facultative referendum for laws at the federal level.",
"It also established federal responsibility for defense, trade, and legal matters.",
"In 1891, the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of direct democracy, which remain unique even today."
] |
[
5
] |
Track listing
|
How long is the track "Every Breath You Take"?
|
Every Breath You Take
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
"7\": A&M / AM 117",
" \"Every Breath You Take\" – 4:13",
" \"Murder By Numbers\" – 4:31",
"2x7\": A&M / AM 117",
" \"Every Breath You Take\" – 4:13",
" \"Murder By Numbers\" – 4:31",
" \"Man In A Suitcase\" (live) – 2:18",
" \"Truth Hits Everybody '83\" -3:34",
" rare 2x7\" single"
] |
[
5
] |
Production
|
How old is a maple when it is usually tapped?
|
Maple syrup
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
3
] |
[
"Maple syrup production is centred in northeastern North America; however, given the correct weather conditions, it can be made wherever suitable species of maple trees grow.",
"A maple syrup production farm is called a \"sugarbush\" or \"sugarwood\".",
"Sap is often boiled in a \"sugar house\" (also known as a \"sugar shack,\" \"sugar shanty,\" or \"cabane à sucre\"), a building louvered at the top to vent the steam from the boiling sap.",
"Maples are usually tapped beginning at 30 to 40 years of age.",
"Each tree can support between one and three taps, depending on its trunk diameter.",
"The average maple tree will produce of sap per season, up to per day.",
"This is roughly equal to 7% of its total sap.",
"Seasons last for four to eight weeks, depending on the weather.",
"During the day, starch stored in the roots for the winter rises through the trunk as sugary sap, allowing it to be tapped.",
"Sap is not tapped at night because the temperature drop inhibits sap flow, although taps are typically left in place overnight.",
"Some producers also tap in autumn, though this practice is less common than spring tapping.",
"Maples can continue to be tapped for sap until they are over 100 years old."
] |
[
2,
5
] |
Composition
|
Set Fire to the Rain was written by who?
|
Set Fire to the Rain
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
2
] |
[
"",
"\"Set Fire to the Rain\" is the fifth track on Adele's second album \"21\".",
"It was written with producer Fraser T Smith.",
"It is written in the key of D minor with a tempo of 108 beats per minute, following the chord progression of Dm–F–C–Gm–Dm–F–C–Csus4–C, and Adele's voice spans A3-D5.",
"The song describes the contradictory elements of a relationship, and the impossibility of letting go which is displayed in the lyrics \"You and me together, nothing gets better/But there’s a side to you that I never knew, never knew/All the things you'd say, they were never true, never true/And the games you play, you would always win.\"",
"One of the most pop-influenced of the album, the song is characterised by John Murphy of MusicOMH as a \"power ballad\".",
"In contrast to the understated production of most songs on the album, the song features lush instrumentation and a swelling string arrangement over a mid-tempo rhythm, creating a wall of sound for the singer's mourning vocals.",
"Dave Simpson of \"The Guardian\" in an article revealed that Adele got inspiration for the song \"when mah lightah stopped workin'\" in the wet."
] |
[
3
] |
Military
|
During which war was Brazil last invaded?
|
Brazil
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
6
] |
[
"The armed forces of Brazil are the second-largest in Latin America, consist of the Brazilian Army, the Brazilian Navy, and the Brazilian Air Force with a total of 371,199 active personnel.",
"The Army has 235,978 active personnel.",
"The Military Police (States' Military Police) is described as an ancillary force of the Army by the constitution, but is under the control of each state's governor.",
"The Navy once operated some of the most powerful warships in the world with the two dreadnoughts, which sparked a South American dreadnought race between Argentina, Brazil, and Chile.",
"Today, it is a green water force and one of the ten navies that possesses an aircraft carrier.",
"The Air Force has about 700 manned aircraft in service.",
"Brazil has not been invaded since 1865 during the Paraguayan War.",
"Additionally, Brazil has no contested territorial disputes with any of its neighbours and neither does it have rivalries, like Chile and Bolivia have with each other.",
"Since 1648 the Brazilian Armed Forces have been relied upon to fight in defense of Brazilian sovereignty and to suppress civil rebellions.",
"The Brazilian military has also three times intervened militarily to overthrow the Brazilian government.",
"It has built a tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping missions such as in Haiti and East Timor."
] |
[] |
Recent commentaries
|
Who cites "Starry Night" as an exemplar of van Gogh's fascination with the nocturnal?
|
The Starry Night
| false | 3ART
|
[
3
] |
[
"Simon Singh, in his book \"Big Bang\", says that \"Starry Night\" has striking similarities to a sketch of the \"Whirlpool Galaxy\", drawn by Lord Rosse 44 years before Van Gogh's work.",
"The painting has been compared to an astronomical photograph of a star named V838 Monocerotis, taken by the Hubble in 2004.",
"The clouds of gas surrounding the star resemble the swirling patterns Van Gogh used in this painting.",
"Art historian Joachim Pissarro cites \"Starry Night\" as an exemplar of the artist's fascination with the nocturnal."
] |
[
3
] |
Season 3 (2009–10)
|
In season 3 of Private Practice, which character is involved in a car accident?
|
Private Practice (TV series)
| true | 1TV
|
[
1,
7
] |
[
"Season 3 (2009–10).",
"In the third season, Violet survives the cliffhanger in season two while she gives her baby Lucas to Pete while she recovers from the ordeal.",
"Addison and Sam get even closer but decide not to become a couple because they don't want to hurt Naomi, Charlotte and Cooper break up, and Dell loses Heather in an explosion which nearly kills Betsey also.",
"Addison and Pete become a couple, which causes Addison to get close to Lucas until Violet wants him back even going as far as taking Pete to court to get joint custody.",
"Sheldon starts to fall for Charlotte after they start to sleep together and Sam and Naomi's daughter, Maya, gets pregnant and marries the father of her baby, Dink.",
"And Derek Shepherd's sister, Dr. Amelia Shepherd, arrives in town.",
"In the season finale, Addison and Sam finally get together while Charlotte and Cooper get engaged much to Sheldon's dismay.",
"Pete and Violet work over their issues, while Dell and Maya get involved in a car accident and the severity of Dell's condition is overlooked while Maya was being attended to in the operating room.",
"Dr. Amelia Shepherd, younger sister of Derek Shepherd (Addison's ex-husband), operated on him but was unable to resuscitate following Dell's heart failure.",
"Maya survived her operation to save her spinal cord and prevent paralysis while at the same time she gives birth to a girl, who also survives the ordeal."
] |
[] |
Statue
|
Who created the epitaph engraved right over Lincoln's head at his Memorial?
|
Lincoln Memorial
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
9
] |
[
"Lying between the north and south chambers is the central hall containing the solitary figure of Lincoln sitting in contemplation.",
"The statue was carved by the Piccirilli Brothers under the supervision of the sculptor, Daniel Chester French, and took four years to complete.",
"The statue, originally intended to be only tall, was, on further consideration, enlarged so that it finally stood tall from head to foot, the scale being such that if Lincoln were standing, he would be tall.",
"The extreme width of the statue is the same as its height.",
"The Georgia white marble sculpture weighs and had to be shipped in 28 separate pieces.",
"The statue rests upon an oblong pedestal of Tennessee marble high, wide, and deep.",
"Directly beneath this lies a platform of Tennessee marble about long, wide, and high.",
"Lincoln's arms rest on representations of Roman fasces, a subtle touch that associates the statue with the Augustan (and imperial) theme (obelisk and funerary monuments) of the Washington Mall.",
"The statue is discretely bordered by two pilasters, one on each side.",
"Between these pilasters and above Lincoln's head stands the engraved epitaph, composed by Royal Cortissoz, shown in the box to the left."
] |
[
3
] |
In RNA processing
|
Where are RNA Nucleotides found?
|
RNA
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
2
] |
[
"Many RNAs are involved in modifying other RNAs.",
"Introns are spliced out of pre-mRNA by spliceosomes, which contain several small nuclear RNAs (snRNA), or the introns can be ribozymes that are spliced by themselves.RNA can also be altered by having its nucleotides modified to other nucleotides than A, C, G and U.",
"In eukaryotes, modifications of RNA nucleotides are in general directed by small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA; 60-300 nt), found in the nucleolus and cajal bodies.",
"snoRNAs associate with enzymes and guide them to a spot on an RNA by basepairing to that RNA.",
"These enzymes then perform the nucleotide modification.",
"rRNAs and tRNAs are extensively modified, but snRNAs and mRNAs can also be the target of base modification.",
"RNA can also be methylated."
] |
[
4
] |
1976–present: reunification and reforms
|
Who was the leader of Vietnam who, in the aftermath of the war, ordered the government to embark on a mass campaign of collectivization of farms and factories?
|
Vietnam
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
0
] |
[
"In the aftermath of the war, under Lê Duẩn's administration, the government embarked on a mass campaign of collectivization of farms and factories.",
"This caused economic chaos and resulted in triple-digit inflation, while national reconstruction efforts progressed slowly.",
"At least one million South Vietnamese were sent to reeducation camps, with an estimated 165,000 prisoners dying.",
"Between 100,000 and 200,000 South Vietnamese were executed in extrajudicial killings; another 50,000 died performing hard labor in \"New Economic Zones\".",
"In the late 1970s and early 1980s, millions of people fled the country in crudely built boats, creating an international humanitarian crisis; hundreds of thousands died at sea.",
"In 1978, the Vietnamese military invaded Cambodia to remove from power the Khmer Rouge, who had been attacking Vietnamese border villages.",
"Vietnam was victorious, installing a government in Cambodia which ruled until 1989.",
"This action worsened relations with the Chinese, who launched a brief incursion into northern Vietnam in 1979.",
"This conflict caused Vietnam to rely even more heavily on Soviet economic and military aid.",
"At the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in December 1986, reformist politicians replaced the \"old guard\" government with new leadership.",
"The reformers were led by 71-year-old Nguyen Van Linh, who became the party's new general secretary.",
"Linh and the reformers implemented a series of free-market reforms – known as \"\" (\"Renovation\") – which carefully managed the transition from a planned economy to a \"socialist-oriented market economy\".",
"Though the authority of the state remained unchallenged under \"Đổi Mới\", the government encouraged private ownership of farms and factories, economic deregulation and foreign investment, while maintaining control over strategic industries.",
"The Vietnamese economy subsequently achieved strong growth in agricultural and industrial production, construction, exports and foreign investment.",
"However, these reforms have also caused a rise in income inequality and gender disparities."
] |
[
3
] |
Public consciousness
|
When did BBC apply for the TARDIS trademark?
|
Doctor Who
| false | 1TV
|
[
17
] |
[
"It has been suggested that the transmission of the first episode was delayed by ten minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy the previous day; whereas in fact, it went out just eighty seconds late.",
"Because it was believed that the coverage of the events of the assassination as well as a series of power blackouts across the country may have caused too many viewers to miss this introduction to a new series, the BBC broadcast it again on 30 November 1963, just before the broadcast of episode two.",
"The programme soon became a national institution in the United Kingdom, with a large following among the general viewing audience.",
"Many renowned actors asked for, or were offered and accepted, guest-starring roles in various stories.",
"With popularity came controversy over the show's suitability for children.",
"Morality campaigner Mary Whitehouse repeatedly complained to the BBC in the 1970s over what she saw as the show's frightening and gory content.",
"John Nathan-Turner, who produced the series during the 1980s, was heard to say that he looked forward to Whitehouse's comments, as the show's ratings would increase soon after she had made them.",
"The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa\" became coined and entered British pop culture, signifying in humour the stereotypical early-series behaviour of children who wanted to avoid seeing frightening parts of a television programme while remaining in the room to watch the remainder of it.",
"The phrase retains this association with Doctor Who, to the point that in 1991 the Museum of the Moving Image in London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa\".",
"The electronic theme music too was perceived as eerie, novel, and frightening, at the time.",
"A 2012 article placed this childhood juxtapose of fear and thrill \"at the center of many people's relationship with the show\", and a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy deemed the series the \"scariest TV show of all time\".",
"During Jon Pertwee's second series as the Doctor, in the serial \"Terror of the Autons\" (1971), images of murderous plastic dolls, daffodils killing unsuspecting victims, and blank-featured policemen marked the apex of the show's ability to frighten children.",
"Other notable moments in that decade include a disembodied brain falling to the floor in \"The Brain of Morbius\" and the Doctor apparently being drowned by Chancellor Goth in \"The Deadly Assassin\" (both 1976).",
"A BBC audience research survey conducted in 1972 found that, by their own definition of violence (\"any act which may cause physical and/or psychological injury, hurt or death to persons, animals or property, whether intentional or accidental\") \"Doctor Who\" was the most violent of the drama programmes the corporation produced at the time.",
"The same report found that 3% of the surveyed audience regarded the show as \"very unsuitable\" for family viewing.",
"Responding to the findings of the survey in \"The Times\" newspaper, journalist Philip Howard maintained that, \"to compare the violence of \"Dr Who\", sired by a horse-laugh out of a nightmare, with the more realistic violence of other television series, where actors who look like human beings bleed paint that looks like blood, is like comparing Monopoly with the property market in London: both are fantasies, but one is meant to be taken seriously.",
"\"The image of the TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn, who lived in the resort of Herne Bay, Kent, was one of the people who conceived the idea of a police box as a time machine.",
"In 1996, the BBC applied for a trade mark to use the TARDIS's blue police box design in merchandising associated with \"Doctor Who\".",
"In 1998, the Metropolitan Police Authority filed an objection to the trade mark claim; but in 2002, the Patent Office ruled in favour of the BBC.</ref>The programme's broad appeal attracts audiences of children and families as well as science fiction fans.",
"The 21st century revival of the programme has become the centrepiece of BBC One's Saturday schedule, and has, \"defined the channel\".",
"Since its return, \"Doctor Who\" has consistently received high ratings, both in number of viewers and as measured by the Appreciation Index.",
"In 2007, Caitlin Moran, television reviewer for \"The Times\", wrote that \"Doctor Who\" is, \"quintessential to being British\".",
"Director Steven Spielberg has commented that, \"the world would be a poorer place without \"Doctor Who\"\".",
"On 4 August 2013, a live programme titled \"Doctor Who Live: The Next Doctor\" was broadcast on BBC One, during which the actor playing the Twelfth Doctor was revealed.",
"The show was simultaneously broadcast in the US and Australia."
] |
[
2
] |
British Museum Press
|
What year did Research Publications series start?
|
British Museum
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
5
] |
[
" Press.",
"The British Museum Press (BMP) is the publishing business and a division of the British Museum Company Ltd, a company and a charity (established in 1973) wholly owned by the Trustees of the British Museum.",
"The BMP publishes both popular and scholarly illustrated books to accompany the exhibition programme and explore aspects of the general collection.",
"Profits from their sales goes to support the British Museum.",
"Scholarly titles are published in the Research Publications series, all of which are peer-reviewed.",
"This series was started in 1978 and was originally called Occasional Papers.",
"The series is designed to disseminate research on items in the collection.",
"Between six and eight titles are published each year in this series."
] |
[
0
] |
In translation
|
What is the use of mRNA?
|
RNA
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries information about a protein sequence to the ribosomes, the protein synthesis factories in the cell.",
"It is coded so that every three nucleotides (a codon) correspond to one amino acid.",
"In eukaryotic cells, once precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) has been transcribed from DNA, it is processed to mature mRNA.",
"This removes its introns—non-coding sections of the pre-mRNA.",
"The mRNA is then exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is bound to ribosomes and translated into its corresponding protein form with the help of tRNA.",
"In prokaryotic cells, which do not have nucleus and cytoplasm compartments, mRNA can bind to ribosomes while it is being transcribed from DNA.",
"After a certain amount of time the message degrades into its component nucleotides with the assistance of ribonucleases.",
"Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small RNA chain of about 80 nucleotides that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation.",
"It has sites for amino acid attachment and an anticodon region for codon recognition that binds to a specific sequence on the messenger RNA chain through hydrogen bonding.",
"Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the catalytic component of the ribosomes.",
"Eukaryotic ribosomes contain four different rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S and 5S rRNA.",
"Three of the rRNA molecules are synthesized in the nucleolus, and one is synthesized elsewhere.",
"In the cytoplasm, ribosomal RNA and protein combine to form a nucleoprotein called a ribosome.",
"The ribosome binds mRNA and carries out protein synthesis.",
"Several ribosomes may be attached to a single mRNA at any time.",
"Nearly all the RNA found in a typical eukaryotic cell is rRNA.",
"Transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) is found in many bacteria and plastids.",
"It tags proteins encoded by mRNAs that lack stop codons for degradation and prevents the ribosome from stalling."
] |
[
0
] |
Impact of Hurricane Katrina
|
What was the total of tourists in 2009?
|
Bourbon Street
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
14
] |
[
"Given Bourbon Street's high ground location in the French Quarter, it was mostly intact following 2005's Hurricane Katrina.",
"A major tourist attraction, Bourbon Street renovation was given high priority after the storm.",
"Despite these efforts, New Orleans was still experiencing a dearth of visitors.",
"In 2004, a year before Katrina, the city had 10.1 million visitors.",
"A year after the storm, that number was 3.7 million.",
"Attempts to draw tourists back to the city were undertaken by the New Orleans Tourism Marketing Corporation that featured Louisiana celebrities such as chef Emeril Lagasse and actress Patricia Clarkson with the slogan \"Come Fall In Love With Louisiana All Over Again.\"",
"Attracting tourists was vital, as one third of the city's operating budget, approximately $6 billion, came from the tourism industry.",
"Officials saw tourists as vital for economic recovery in the city.",
"A major impedance for tourists were the mixed messages regarding the city's level of recovery.",
"Advertising campaigns gave the impression that the city was thriving.",
"At the same time, New Orleans was asking for increased federal assistance and National Guardsmen to combat crime waves in the city.",
"The tourism industry received a boom when the 2006 Mardi Gras went off without a hitch.",
"Popular Bourbon Street restaurants, such as Galatoire's, reopened around this time as well.",
"Reopening and rebuilding of popular tourist attractions led to a surge in post-Katrina tourists.",
"By 2009, the city attracted 7.9 million tourists."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
What were the dates of the German invasion on Poland during WWII?
|
Invasion of Poland
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
1,
2
] |
[
"The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War or the Fourth Partition of Poland (Polish: \"Kampania wrześniowa\" or \"Wojna obronna 1939 roku\" or \"IV rozbiór Polski\") in Poland and the Poland Campaign (German: \"Polenfeldzug\") or Fall Weiß (Case White) in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II in Europe.",
"The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, while the Soviet invasion commenced on 17 September 1939 following the Molotov-Tōgō agreement which terminated the Russian and Japanese hostilities (Nomonhan incident) in the east on 16 September 1939.",
"The campaign ended on 6 October 1939 with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland.",
"The morning after the Gleiwitz incident, German forces invaded Poland from the north, south, and west.",
"As the Germans advanced, Polish forces withdrew from their forward bases of operation close to the Polish–German border to more established lines of defence to the east.",
"After the mid-September Polish defeat in the Battle of the Bzura, the Germans gained an undisputed advantage.",
"Polish forces then withdrew to the southeast where they prepared for a long defence of the Romanian Bridgehead and awaited expected support and relief from France and the United Kingdom.",
"The two countries had pacts with Poland and had declared war on Germany on 3 September, though in the end their aid to Poland in the September campaign was very limited.",
"The Soviet Red Army's invasion of Eastern Poland on 17 September, in accordance with a secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, rendered the Polish plan of defence obsolete.",
"Facing a second front, the Polish government concluded the defence of the Romanian Bridgehead was no longer feasible and ordered an emergency evacuation of all troops to neutral Romania.",
"On 6 October, following the Polish defeat at the Battle of Kock, German and Soviet forces gained full control over Poland.",
"The success of the invasion marked the end of the Second Polish Republic, though Poland never formally surrendered.",
"On 8 October, after an initial period of military administration, Germany directly annexed western Poland and the former Free City of Danzig and placed the remaining block of territory under the administration of the newly established General Government.",
"The Soviet Union incorporated its newly acquired areas into its constituent Belarusian and Ukrainian republics, and immediately started a campaign of sovietization.",
"In the aftermath of the invasion, a collective of underground resistance organizations formed the Polish Underground State within the territory of the former Polish state.",
"Many of the military exiles that managed to escape Poland subsequently joined the Polish Armed Forces in the West, an armed force loyal to the Polish government in exile."
] |
[
0
] |
Stonehenge 3 IV (2280 BC to 1930 BC)
|
in what way was stonehenge arranged?
|
Stonehenge
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
2
] |
[
" 3 IV (2280 BC to 1930 BC).",
"This phase saw further rearrangement of the bluestones.",
"They were arranged in a circle between the two rings of sarsens and in an oval at the centre of the inner ring.",
"Some archaeologists argue that some of these bluestones were from a second group brought from Wales.",
"All the stones formed well-spaced uprights without any of the linking lintels inferred in Stonehenge 3 III.",
"The Altar Stone may have been moved within the oval at this time and re-erected vertically.",
"Although this would seem the most impressive phase of work, Stonehenge 3 IV was rather shabbily built compared to its immediate predecessors, as the newly re-installed bluestones were not well-founded and began to fall over.",
"However, only minor changes were made after this phase."
] |
[
0
] |
Publication history
|
When did Tolien demad the book was published (LotR)
|
The Lord of the Rings
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
2
] |
[
"A dispute with his publisher, George Allen & Unwin, led to the book being offered to Collins in 1950.",
"Tolkien intended \"The Silmarillion\" (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with \"The Lord of the Rings,\" but A&U were unwilling to do this.",
"After Milton Waldman, his contact at Collins, expressed the belief that \"The Lord of the Rings\" itself \"urgently wanted cutting\", Tolkien eventually demanded that they publish the book in 1952.",
"Collins did not; and so Tolkien wrote to Allen and Unwin, saying, \"I would gladly consider the publication of any part of the stuff.",
"\"For publication, the book was divided into three volumes: \"The Fellowship of the Ring\" (Books I, \"The Ring Sets Out\", and II, \"The Ring Goes South\"), \"The Two Towers\" (Books III, \"The Treason of Isengard\", and IV, \"The Ring Goes East\"), and \"The Return of the King\" (Books V, \"The War of the Ring\", and VI, \"The End of the Third Age\", plus six appendices).",
"This was due largely to post-war paper shortages, as well as being a way to keep down the price of the book.",
"Delays in producing appendices, maps and especially indices led to the volumes being published later than originally hoped — on 21 July 1954, on 11 November 1954 and on 20 October 1955 respectively in the United Kingdom, and slightly later in the United States.",
"\"The Return of the King\" was especially delayed.",
"Tolkien, moreover, did not especially like the title \"The Return of the King\", believing it gave away too much of the storyline.",
"He had originally suggested \"The War of the Ring\", which was dismissed by his publishers.",
"The books were published under a profit-sharing arrangement, whereby Tolkien would not receive an advance or royalties until the books had broken even, after which he would take a large share of the profits.",
"It has ultimately become the second best-selling novel ever written, with over 150 million copies sold.",
"Only \"A Tale of Two Cities\" by Charles Dickens has sold more copies worldwide (over 200 million) while the fourth best-selling novel is Tolkien's \"The Hobbit\"."
] |
[
2
] |
Soundtrack
|
Who wrote the soundtrack for the original Toy Story movie?
|
Toy Story
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
1
] |
[
"The soundtrack for \"Toy Story\" was produced by Walt Disney Records and was released on November 22, 1995, the week of the film's release.",
"Scored and written by Randy Newman, the soundtrack has received praise for its \"sprightly, stirring score\".",
"Despite the album's critical success, the soundtrack only peaked at number 94 on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart.",
"A cassette and CD single release of \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" was released on April 12, 1996, in order to promote the soundtrack's release.",
"The soundtrack was remastered in 2006 and although it is no longer available physically, the album is available for purchase digitally in retailers such as iTunes.",
"Tracklisting",
"Charts"
] |
[
3
] |
Victor Steinbrueck Park
|
In which year did Victor Steinbrueck pass away?
|
Pike Place Market
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
5
] |
[
"Victor Steinbrueck Park directly north of the market was originally Market Park.",
"From about 1909 the site held an armory, which was damaged by fire in 1962.",
"The land was taken over by the city in 1968, and the remnant of the armory was razed.",
"In 1970 the land passed to park usage.",
"The resulting Market Park was majorly redesigned in 1982.",
"After Steinbrueck's 1985 death, it was renamed after the architect who was instrumental in the market's preservation."
] |
[] |
Abstract
|
Which direction defines a nucleic acid sequence?
|
Nucleic acid sequence
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of letters that indicate the order of nucleotides within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule.",
"By convention, sequences are usually presented from the 5' end to the 3' end.",
"Because nucleic acids are normally linear (unbranched) polymers, specifying the sequence is equivalent to defining the covalent structure of the entire molecule.",
"For this reason, the nucleic acid sequence is also termed the primary structure.",
"The sequence has capacity to represent information.",
"Biological DNA represents the information which directs the functions of a living thing.",
"In that context, the term genetic sequence is often used.",
"Sequences can be read from the biological raw material through DNA sequencing methods.",
"Nucleic acids also have a secondary structure and tertiary structure.",
"Primary structure is sometimes mistakenly referred to as \"primary sequence\".",
"Conversely, there is no parallel concept of secondary or tertiary sequence."
] |
[] |
Auroral mechanism
|
How are auroras created?
|
Aurora
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
1
] |
[
"l mechanism.",
"Auroras are associated with the solar wind, a flow of ions continuously flowing outward from the Sun.",
"The Earth's magnetic field traps these particles, many of which travel toward the poles where they are accelerated toward Earth.",
"Collisions between these ions and atmospheric atoms and molecules cause energy releases in the form of auroras appearing in large circles around the poles.",
"Auroras are more frequent and brighter during the intense phase of the solar cycle when coronal mass ejections increase the intensity of the solar wind.",
"Auroras result from emissions of photons in the Earth's upper atmosphere, above , from ionized nitrogen molecules regaining an electron, and oxygen atoms and nitrogen molecules returning from an excited state to ground state.",
"They are ionized or excited by the collision of solar wind and magnetospheric particles being funneled down and accelerated along the Earth's magnetic field lines; excitation energy is lost by the emission of a photon, or by collision with another atom or molecule:",
"oxygen emissions: green or brownish-red, depending on the amount of energy absorbed.",
"nitrogen emissions: blue or red; blue if the atom regains an electron after it has been ionized, red if returning to ground state from an excited state.",
"Oxygen is unusual in terms of its return to ground state: it can take three quarters of a second to emit green light and up to two minutes to emit red.",
"Collisions with other atoms or molecules absorb the excitation energy and prevent emission.",
"Because the very top of the atmosphere has a higher percentage of oxygen and is sparsely distributed such collisions are rare enough to allow time for oxygen to emit red.",
"Collisions become more frequent progressing down into the atmosphere, so that red emissions do not have time to happen, and eventually even green light emissions are prevented.",
"This is why there is a color differential with altitude; at high altitude oxygen red dominates, then oxygen green and nitrogen blue/red, then finally nitrogen blue/red when collisions prevent oxygen from emitting anything.",
"Green is the most common of all auroras.",
"Behind it is pink, a mixture of light green and red, followed by pure red, yellow (a mixture of red and green), and finally, pure blue."
] |
[
5
] |
The United Nations Development Programme
|
What is the launch date of the Chernobyl Recover and Development Programme?
|
Chernobyl disaster
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
0
] |
[
"The United Nations Development Programme has launched in 2003 a specific project called the Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme (CRDP) for the recovery of the affected areas.",
"The programme was initiated in February 2002 based on the recommendations in the report on Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident.",
"The main goal of the CRDP's activities is supporting the Government of Ukraine in mitigating long-term social, economic, and ecological consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe.",
"CRDP works in the four most Chernobyl-affected areas in Ukraine: Kyivska, Zhytomyrska, Chernihivska and Rivnenska."
] |
[
0
] |
Credits and personnel
|
Who did the mastering in the song,"What Makes You Beautiful"
|
What Makes You Beautiful
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
2,
12
] |
[
"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"",
"Warren Casey – writing",
"Tom Coyne – mastering",
"Carl Falk – writing, production, programming, instruments, guitar",
"Serban Ghenea – mixing",
"John Hanes – mix engineering",
"Jim Jacobs – writing",
"Savan Kotecha – writing",
"Phil Seaford – mix engineering assistance",
"Rami Yacoub – writing, production, programming, instruments, bass",
"Featuring a musical sample of \"Summer Nights\" from the musical \"Grease\".",
"\"Na Na Na\"",
"Dick Beetham – mastering",
"Iain James – writing",
"Savan Kotecha – writing",
"Matt Lawrence – engineering",
"Greg Marriot – engineering assistance",
"James Murray – writing",
"Matt Squire – writing, production, backing vocals, mixing",
"Mustapha Omer – writing"
] |
[
0,
3
] |
Infrared astronomy
|
What is studied using the infrared system?
|
Astronomy
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
1
] |
[
"Infrared astronomy is founded on the detection and analysis of infrared radiation (wavelengths longer than red light).",
"The infrared spectrum is useful for studying objects that are too cold to radiate visible light, such as planets, circumstellar disks or nebulae whose light is blocked by dust.",
"Longer infrared wavelengths can penetrate clouds of dust that block visible light, allowing the observation of young stars in molecular clouds and the cores of galaxies.",
"Observations from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) have been particularly effective at unveiling numerous Galactic protostars and their host star clusters.",
"With the exception of wavelengths close to visible light, infrared radiation is heavily absorbed by the atmosphere, or masked, as the atmosphere itself produces significant infrared emission.",
"Consequently, infrared observatories have to be located in high, dry places or in space.",
"Some molecules radiate strongly in the infrared.",
"This allows the study the chemistry of space; more specifically it can detect water in comets."
] |
[
0
] |
Government and politics
|
Who were the candidates in Chile in 2010
|
Chile
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
22
] |
[
"The current Constitution of Chile was approved in a national plebiscite —regarded as \"highly irregular\" by some observers— in September 1980, under the military government of Augusto Pinochet.",
"It entered into force in March 1981.",
"After Pinochet's defeat in the 1988 plebiscite, the constitution was amended to ease provisions for future amendments to the Constitution.",
"In September 2005, President Ricardo Lagos signed into law several constitutional amendments passed by Congress.",
"These include eliminating the positions of appointed senators and senators for life, granting the President authority to remove the commanders-in-chief of the armed forces, and reducing the presidential term from six to four years.",
"The Congress of Chile has a 38-seat Senate and a 120-member Chamber of Deputies.",
"Senators serve for eight years with staggered terms, while deputies are elected every 4 years.",
"The current Senate has a 20–18 split in favor of the opposition coalition.",
"The last congressional elections were held on 13 December 2009, concurrently with the presidential election.",
"The current lower house-the Chamber of Deputies-contains 58 members of the governing center-right coalition, 54 from the center-left opposition and 8 from small parties or independents.",
"The Congress is located in the port city of Valparaíso, about west of the capital, Santiago.",
"Chile's congressional elections are governed by a binomial system that, for the most part, rewards the two largest representations equally, often regardless of their relative popular support.",
"Parties are thus forced to form wide coalitions and, historically, the two largest coalitions (Concertación and Alianza) split most of the seats.",
"Only if the leading coalition ticket out-polls the second place coalition by a margin of more than 2-to-1 does the winning coalition gain both seats, which tends to lock the legislative in a roughly 50-50 split.",
"Chile's judiciary is independent and includes a court of appeal, a system of military courts, a constitutional tribunal, and the Supreme Court of Chile.",
"In June 2005, Chile completed a nationwide overhaul of its criminal justice system.",
"The reform has replaced inquisitorial proceedings with an adversarial system more similar to that of the United States.",
"In the 2001 congressional elections, the conservative Independent Democratic Union (UDI) surpassed the Christian Democrats for the first time to become the largest party in the lower house.",
"In the 2005 parliamentary election, both leading parties, the Christian Democrats and the UDI lost representation in favor of their respective allies Socialist Party (which became the biggest party in the Concertación block) and National Renewal in the right-wing alliance.",
"In the last legislative elections in Chile, the Communist Party won 3 out of 120 seats in the Chamber of Deputies for the first time in 30 years (the Communist Party was not allowed to exist as such during the dictatorship).",
"Chileans voted in the first round of presidential elections on 13 December 2009.",
"None of the four presidential candidates got more than 50 percent of the vote.",
"As a result, the top two candidates, center-left Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia coalition's Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle and center-right Coalición por el Cambio coalition's Sebastián Piñera, competed in a run-off election on 17 January 2010, which Piñera won.",
"This was Chile's fifth presidential election since the end of the Pinochet era.",
"All five have been judged free and fair.",
"The president is constitutionally barred from serving consecutive terms."
] |
[
3
] |
Season 2: 2008–2009
|
Who did Desmond Harrington play on Gossip Girl?
|
Gossip Girl
| false | 1TV
|
[
8
] |
[
"The second season mainly explores the senior year of the characters with the premiere at the Hamptons and primarily focused on the relationship between Blair and Chuck, who were labeled \"the heart of \"GG\"\" by \"People\" magazine.",
"At first, both characters negate their feelings for one another, and go through random schemes and manipulations.",
"The first half of the season deals with Serena's growing prominence as a socialite which draws the attention of Blair as their friendship is tested when the character of Poppy Lifton (Tamara Feldman) arrives, a socialite who inadvertently drives a wedge between Serena and Blair after inspiring Serena to take her place in the spotlight during the early episodes of the season.",
"Nate faces the aftermath of his father's criminal past and pursues a relationship with Vanessa, who becomes further entangled into the world of the Upper East Side.",
"Jenny reignites her rebellious nature by pursuing a career as a fashion designer, thereby challenging Rufus' skills as a parent while Dan's friendship with Nate and relationship with Serena slowly transforms him from a social outcast to an insider.",
"The show finished its first half during the first week of December, with the shocking death of Bart Bass.",
"The second half of the season reveals the impact of Bart's death, causing a significant change of character direction for Chuck that subsequently leads to the growth of Rufus and Lily's relationship, the revelation of the two having a son together, and contributing to the decline of Dan and Serena's relationship.",
"John Shea reprised his role as Harold Waldorf during a Thanksgiving episode and becomes entangled in Blair's striving ambition of attending Yale.",
"Desmond Harrington entered the series as Chuck's manipulative uncle, Jack Bass.",
"Feldman returned to the season with Armie Hammer as Serena's new love interest, Gabriel Edwards.",
"Michelle Trachtenberg returned to the role of Georgina Sparks and filmed her scenes during February, also adjoining her character's return to the second season mystery.",
"A backdoor pilot for a spin-off premiered in May, but was not picked up by The CW to the limited number of spots available on their fall line-up.",
"As the storylines progressed, the role of \"Gossip Girl\" is slightly decreased.",
"She continues to run her blog, but she keeps the ultimate information for herself, sending it in the final episode as the last blast, where Serena decides to find out who \"Gossip Girl\" really is, but ultimately fails.",
"The season finale ended with a well-received kiss between Blair and Chuck."
] |
[
3
] |
Heliopause
|
The heliosphere is divided into how many regions?
|
Solar System
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"The heliosphere is divided into two separate regions.",
"The solar wind travels at roughly 400 km/s until it collides with the interstellar wind; the flow of plasma in the interstellar medium.",
"The collision occurs at the termination shock, which is roughly 80–100 AU from the Sun upwind of the interstellar medium and roughly 200 AU from the Sun downwind.",
"Here the wind slows dramatically, condenses, and becomes more turbulent, forming a great oval structure known as the heliosheath.",
"This structure is believed to look and behave very much like a comet's tail, extending outward for a further 40 AU on the upwind side but tailing many times that distance downwind; evidence from the Cassini and Interstellar Boundary Explorer spacecraft has suggested that it is forced into a bubble shape by the constraining action of the interstellar magnetic field.",
"The outer boundary of the heliosphere, the heliopause, is the point at which the solar wind finally terminates and is the beginning of interstellar space.",
"Both \"Voyager 1\" and \"Voyager 2\" are reported to have passed the termination shock and entered the heliosheath, at 94 and 84 AU from the Sun, respectively.",
"\"Voyager 1\" is also reported to have reached the heliopause.",
"The shape and form of the outer edge of the heliosphere is likely affected by the fluid dynamics of interactions with the interstellar medium as well as solar magnetic fields prevailing to the south, e.g.",
"it is bluntly shaped with the northern hemisphere extending 9 AU farther than the southern hemisphere.",
"Beyond the heliopause, at around 230 AU, lies the bow shock, a plasma \"wake\" left by the Sun as it travels through the Milky Way.",
"Due to a lack of data, the conditions in local interstellar space are not known for certain.",
"It is expected that NASA's Voyager spacecraft, as they pass the heliopause, will transmit valuable data on radiation levels and solar wind back to Earth.",
"How well the heliosphere shields the Solar System from cosmic rays is poorly understood.",
"A NASA-funded team has developed a concept of a \"Vision Mission\" dedicated to sending a probe to the heliosphere."
] |
[
5
] |
Impact
|
What was the reason the shipbuilding program mandated by Second Vinson Act was created?
|
Battle of Midway
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
17
] |
[
"The Battle of Midway has often been called \"the turning point of the Pacific\".",
"However, the Japanese continued to try to secure more strategic territory in the South Pacific, and the U.S. did not move from a state of naval parity to one of increasing supremacy until after several more months of hard combat.",
"Thus, although Midway was the Allies' first major victory against the Japanese, it did not radically change the course of the war; instead it was the cumulative effects of the battles of the Coral Sea and Midway that reduced Japan's ability to undertake major offensives.",
"In addition Midway paved the way for the landings on Guadalcanal, and the prolonged attrition of the Solomon Islands campaign, both of which finally allowed the Allies to take the strategic initiative and swing onto the offensive for the rest of the Pacific War.",
"Finally, Midway bought the United States valuable time until the first of the new \"Essex\"-class fleet carriers became available at the end of 1942.",
"The battle also showed the worth of pre-war naval cryptanalysis and intelligence-gathering.",
"These efforts continued and were expanded throughout the war in both the Pacific and Atlantic theaters.",
"Successes were numerous and significant.",
"For instance, Navy cryptanalysis made possible the shooting down of Admiral Yamamoto's airplane.",
"Some authors have stated heavy losses in carriers and veteran aircrews at Midway permanently weakened the Imperial Japanese Navy.",
"Parshall and Tully, however, have stated that the losses in veteran aircrew, while heavy (110, just under 25% of the aircrew embarked on the four carriers), were not crippling to the Japanese naval air-corps as a whole: the Japanese navy had some 2,000 carrier-qualified aircrew at the start of the Pacific war.",
"A few months after Midway, the JNAF sustained similar casualty rates at both the Battle of the Eastern Solomons and Battle of Santa Cruz, and it was these battles, combined with the constant attrition of veterans during the Solomons campaign, which were the catalyst for the sharp downward spiral in operational capability.",
"However, the loss of four large fleet carriers, and over 40% of the carriers' highly trained aircraft mechanics and technicians, plus the essential flight-deck crews and armorers, and the loss of organizational knowledge embodied by such highly trained crew, were heavy blows to the Japanese carrier fleet.",
"After the battle and were the only large carriers of the original Pearl Harbor strike-force left for offensive actions.",
"Of Japan's other carriers, , which was not commissioned until early 1944, would be the only fleet carrier worth teaming with \"Shōkaku\" and \"Zuikaku\"; and \"Zuihō\" were light carriers, while and , although technically classified as fleet carriers, were second-rate ships of comparatively limited effectiveness.",
"By the time of the Battle of the Philippine Sea, the Japanese had somewhat rebuilt their carrier forces in terms of numbers, but their planes, which by then had become obsolescent, were largely flown by inexperienced and poorly trained pilots.",
"In the time it took Japan to build three carriers, the U.S. Navy commissioned more than two dozen fleet and light fleet carriers, and numerous escort carriers.",
"By 1942 the United States was already three years into a shipbuilding program mandated by the Second Vinson Act, intended to make the navy larger than Japan's.",
"The greater number of USN aviators survived the Battle of Midway and subsequent battles of 1942, and combined with growing pilot training programs, the US accumulated a large number of skilled pilots to complement its material advantages in ships and planes."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
What do the locals call Victoria Peak?
|
Victoria Peak
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
1
] |
[
"Victoria Peak (, or previously ) is a mountain in the western half of Hong Kong Island.",
"It is also known as Mount Austin, and locally as The Peak.",
"With an altitude of , it is the highest mountain on the island (Tai Mo Shan is the highest point in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region).",
"The summit is occupied by a radio telecommunications facility and is closed to the public.",
"However, the surrounding area of public parks and high-value residential land is the area that is normally meant by the name \"The Peak\".",
"It is a major tourist attraction that offers views over Central, Victoria Harbour, Lamma Island and the surrounding islands."
] |
[
0
] |
Video games
|
What year was "South Park Rally" released?
|
South Park
| false | 1TV
|
[
3
] |
[
"Following the early success of the series, three video games based on the series were released by Acclaim Entertainment.",
"A first-person shooter simply titled \"South Park\" was released in 1998 for the PC, Nintendo 64, and PlayStation.",
"This was followed in 1999 by ', a party video game featuring quizzes and mini-games, on the Dreamcast, PlayStation, Nintendo 64, and PC.",
"In 2000, \"South Park Rally\", a racing game, was released on the Dreamcast, PlayStation, Nintendo 64, and PC.",
"Parker and Stone had little to do with the development of these games, apart from providing voice acting, and have publicly criticized Acclaim and the quality of the \"South Park\" games they produced.",
"Several years after these early games, the decision was made to form a small group called South Park Digital Studios, which would, among other things, work on creating new \"South Park\" games, that would involve the studio and the show's creators more heavily.",
"The first such title is \"South Park Let's Go Tower Defense Play!",
"\", a tower defense game developed by Doublesix, which was released in 2009 for the Xbox Live Arcade service on the Xbox 360 console.",
"Another Xbox Live Arcade game, ' is a platformer, which was released in the spring of 2012. \"\"",
"is a role-playing video game that was written by Parker and Stone, and was originally scheduled to be released on March 5, 2013 for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 consoles, and Microsoft Windows; The game released March 4, 2014 to positive reviews."
] |
[
0
] |
Credits and personnel
|
Who was the mix engineer on What Makes You Beautiful?
|
What Makes You Beautiful
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
5
] |
[
"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"",
"Warren Casey – writing",
"Tom Coyne – mastering",
"Carl Falk – writing, production, programming, instruments, guitar",
"Serban Ghenea – mixing",
"John Hanes – mix engineering",
"Jim Jacobs – writing",
"Savan Kotecha – writing",
"Phil Seaford – mix engineering assistance",
"Rami Yacoub – writing, production, programming, instruments, bass",
"Featuring a musical sample of \"Summer Nights\" from the musical \"Grease\".",
"\"Na Na Na\"",
"Dick Beetham – mastering",
"Iain James – writing",
"Savan Kotecha – writing",
"Matt Lawrence – engineering",
"Greg Marriot – engineering assistance",
"James Murray – writing",
"Matt Squire – writing, production, backing vocals, mixing",
"Mustapha Omer – writing"
] |
[
0,
3
] |
History
|
This is a former British colony that has adopted some British cuisine.
|
Egg tart
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
5
] |
[
"Custard tarts were introduced in Hong Kong in the 1940s by cha chaan tengs.",
"Which was derived from the original \"pastel de nata\" ( Portuguese egg tarts ).",
"Egg tarts evolved from the very similar Portuguese egg tart pastries, known as pastel de nata, traveling to Hong Kong via the Portuguese colony of Macau.",
"Hong Kong egg tarts are an adaptation of English custard tarts.",
"Canton (modern Guangdong) had more frequent contact with the West, in particular Britain, than the rest of China.",
"Also, as a former British colony, Hong Kong adopted some British cuisine."
] |
[] |
Abstract
|
The field of professional astronomy was eventually divided into 2 branches, observational and theoretical, when did this happen?
|
Astronomy
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
6
] |
[
"Astronomy is a natural science that is the study of celestial objects (such as moons, planets, stars, nebulae, and galaxies), the physics, chemistry, and evolution of such objects, and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth, including supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic background radiation.",
"A related but distinct subject, cosmology, is concerned with studying the universe as a whole.",
"Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences.",
"Prehistoric cultures have left astronomical artifacts such as the Egyptian monuments and Nubian monuments, and early civilizations such as the Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese, Indians, Iranians and Maya performed methodical observations of the night sky.",
"However, the invention of the telescope was required before astronomy was able to develop into a modern science.",
"Historically, astronomy has included disciplines as diverse as astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy, and the making of calendars, but professional astronomy is nowadays often considered to be synonymous with astrophysics.",
"During the 20th century, the field of professional astronomy split into observational and theoretical branches.",
"Observational astronomy is focused on acquiring data from observations of astronomical objects, which is then analyzed using basic principles of physics.",
"Theoretical astronomy is oriented toward the development of computer or analytical models to describe astronomical objects and phenomena.",
"The two fields complement each other, with theoretical astronomy seeking to explain the observational results and observations being used to confirm theoretical results.",
"Astronomy is one of the few sciences where amateurs can still play an active role, especially in the discovery and observation of transient phenomena.",
"Amateur astronomers have contributed to many important astronomical discoveries.",
"Astronomy is not to be confused with astrology, the belief system which claims that human affairs are correlated with the positions of celestial objects.",
"Although the two fields share a common origin they are now entirely distinct."
] |
[
2
] |
Role of women
|
Was legal divorce granted to patriot women?
|
American Revolution
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
11
] |
[
"Women contributed to the American Revolution in many ways, and were involved on both sides.",
"While formal Revolutionary politics did not include women, ordinary domestic behaviors became charged with political significance as Patriot women confronted a war that permeated all aspects of political, civil, and domestic life.",
"They participated by boycotting British goods, spying on the British, following armies as they marched, washing, cooking, and tending for soldiers, delivering secret messages, and in a few cases like Deborah Samson, fighting disguised as men.",
"Also, Mercy Otis Warren held meetings in her house and cleverly attacked Loyalists with her creative plays and histories.",
"Above all, they continued the agricultural work at home to feed their families and the armies.",
"They maintained their families during their husbands' absences and sometimes after their deaths.",
"American women were integral to the success of the boycott of British goods, as the boycotted items were largely household items such as tea and cloth.",
"Women had to return to knitting goods, and to spinning and weaving their own cloth — skills that had fallen into disuse.",
"In 1769, the women of Boston produced 40,000 skeins of yarn, and 180 women in Middletown, Massachusetts wove of cloth.",
"A crisis of political loyalties could disrupt the fabric of colonial America women's social worlds: whether a man did or did not renounce his allegiance to the King could dissolve ties of class, family, and friendship, isolating women from former connections.",
"A woman's loyalty to her husband, once a private commitment, could become a political act, especially for women in America committed to men who remained loyal to the King.",
"Legal divorce, usually rare, was granted to Patriot women whose husbands supported the King."
] |
[] |
Soundtrack
|
Which song on the official soundtrack for Das Boot was not composed by Doldinger?
|
Das Boot
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
2
] |
[
"The characteristic lead melody of the soundtrack, composed and produced by Klaus Doldinger, took on a life of its own after German rave group U96 created a remixed \"techno version\" in 1991.",
"The title theme \"Das Boot\" later became an international hit.",
"The official soundtrack features only compositions by Doldinger, except for \"J'attendrai\" sung by Rina Ketty.",
"The soundtrack (\"Filmmusik\") released following the release of \"The Director's Cut\" version omits \"J'attendrai\".",
"Songs heard in the film, but not included on the album are \"La Paloma\" sung by Rosita Serrano, the \"Erzherzog-Albrecht-Marsch\" (a popular military march), \"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\" performed by the Red Army Chorus, Heimat, Deine Sterne and the Westerwald-Marsch."
] |
[] |
Infrastructure
|
Japan has how many airports?
|
Japan
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
12
] |
[
", 46.1 percent of energy in Japan was produced from petroleum, 21.3 percent from coal, 21.4 percent from natural gas, 4.0 percent from nuclear power, and 3.3 percent from hydropower.",
"Nuclear power produced 9.2 percent of Japan's electricity, as of 2011, down from 24.9 percent the previous year.",
"However, as of May 5, 2012, all of the country's nuclear power plants had been taken offline because of ongoing public opposition following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, though government officials have been continuing to try to sway public opinion in favor of returning at least some of Japan's 50 nuclear reactors to service.",
"Given its heavy dependence on imported energy, Japan has aimed to diversify its sources and maintain high levels of energy efficiency.",
"Japan's road spending has been extensive.",
"Its 1.2 million kilometers of paved road are the main means of transportation.",
"A single network of high-speed, divided, limited-access toll roads connects major cities and is operated by toll-collecting enterprises.",
"New and used cars are inexpensive; car ownership fees and fuel levies are used to promote energy efficiency.",
"However, at just 50 percent of all distance traveled, car usage is the lowest of all G8 countries.",
"Dozens of Japanese railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets; major companies include seven JR enterprises, Kintetsu Corporation, Seibu Railway and Keio Corporation.",
"Some 250 high-speed Shinkansen trains connect major cities and Japanese trains are known for their safety and punctuality.",
"Proposals for a new Maglev route between Tokyo and Osaka are at an advanced stage.",
"There are 173 airports in Japan; the largest domestic airport, Haneda Airport, is Asia's second-busiest airport.",
"The largest international gateways are Narita International Airport, Kansai International Airport and Chūbu Centrair International Airport.",
"Nagoya Port is the country's largest and busiest port, accounting for 10 percent of Japan's trade value."
] |
[
5
] |
Bombers
|
What are the names of the bombers of Luftwaffe?
|
Battle of Britain
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
0
] |
[
"The \"Luftwaffe\"'s four primary bombers were the Heinkel He 111, Dornier Do 17, and Junkers Ju 88 for level bombing, and the Junkers Ju 87 \"Stuka\" for diving attacks.",
"The Heinkel He 111 was used in greater numbers than the others during the conflict and is better known, partly due to its distinctive wing shape.",
"Each level bomber also had a few reconnaissance versions that were used during the battle.",
"Although successful in previous \"Luftwaffe\" engagements, the \"Stuka\" suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Britain, particularly on 18 August, due to its slow speed and vulnerability to fighter interception after the dive bombing.",
"As a result of the losses and limited payload and range, \"Stuka\" units were largely removed from operations over England and concentrated on shipping instead until they were re-deployed to the Eastern Front in 1941.",
"They returned on occasion, such as on 13 September to attack Tangmere airfield.",
"The remaining three bomber types differed in their capabilities; the Heinkel 111 was the slowest; the Ju 88 was the fastest once its mainly external bomb load was dropped; and the Do 17 had the smallest bomb load.",
"All three bomber types suffered heavy losses from British fighters, but the Ju 88 disproportionately so.",
"The German bombers required constant protection by the \"Luftwaffe\"'s fighter force.",
"There were not enough Bf 109Es to support more than 300–400 bombers on any given day.",
"Later in the conflict, when night bombing became more frequent, all three were used.",
"However, due to its reduced bomb load, the lighter Do 17 was used less than the He 111 and Ju 88 for this purpose.",
"On the British side, three bomber types were mostly used on night operations against targets such as factories, invasion ports and railway centres; the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, the Handley-Page Hampden and the Vickers Wellington were classified as heavy bombers by the RAF, although the Hampden was a medium bomber comparable to the He 111.",
"The twin-engined Bristol Blenheim and the obsolescent single-engined Fairey Battle were both light bombers; the Blenheim was the most numerous of the aircraft equipping RAF Bomber Command and was used in attacks against shipping, ports, airfields and factories on the continent by day and by night.",
"The Fairey Battle squadrons, which had suffered heavy losses in daylight attacks during the Battle of France, were brought up to strength with reserve aircraft and continued to operate at night in attacks against the invasion ports, until the Battle was withdrawn from UK front line service in October 1940."
] |
[
0
] |
Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace
|
Who founded the first major empire in 13th century BC?
|
Turkey
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
13
] |
[
"Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace.",
"The Anatolian peninsula, comprising most of modern Turkey, is one of the oldest permanently settled regions in the world.",
"Various Ancient Anatolian populations have lived in Anatolia, beginning with the Neolithic period until conquest of Alexander the Great.",
"Many of these peoples spoke the Anatolian languages, a branch of the larger Indo-European language family.",
"In fact, given the antiquity of the Indo-European Hittite and Luwian languages, some scholars have proposed Anatolia as the hypothetical center from which the Indo-European languages radiated.",
"European part of Turkey, called Eastern Thrace, has also been inhabited since forty thousand years ago, and is known to have been in the Neolithic era by about 6000 B.C.",
"with its inhabitants starting the practice of agriculture.Göbekli Tepe is the site of the oldest known man-made religious structure, a temple dating to 10,000 BC, while Çatalhöyük is a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BCE to 5700 BCE.",
"It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date and in July 2012 was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.",
"The settlement of Troy started in the Neolithic Age and continued into the Iron Age.",
"The earliest recorded inhabitants of Anatolia were the Hattians and Hurrians, non-Indo-European peoples who inhabited central and eastern Anatolia, respectively, as early as ca.",
"2300 BC.",
"Indo-European Hittites came to Anatolia and gradually absorbed the Hattians and Hurrians ca.",
"2000–1700 BC.",
"The first major empire in the area was founded by the Hittites, from the eighteenth through the 13th century BC.",
"The Assyrians conquered and settled parts of southeastern Turkey as early as 1950 BC until the year 612 BC.",
"Following the collapse of the Hittite empire c. 1180 BC, the Phrygians, an Indo-European people, achieved ascendancy in Anatolia until their kingdom was destroyed by the Cimmerians in the 7th century BC.",
"The most powerful of Phrygia's successor states were Lydia, Caria and Lycia."
] |
[
3
] |
Critical reception
|
Was Ken Tucker's impression of the series positive?
|
The New Normal (TV series)
| false | 1TV
|
[
6
] |
[
"",
"\"The New Normal\" received a 60 out of 100 aggregate score, based on 32 critics' responses, indicating \"mixed or average\" reception at Metacritic.",
"Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\" called it a \"surprisingly touching comedy,\" adding \"For the most part, \"Normal\" plays like a lovely, small movie, mixing humorous moments with sweet, gentle grace notes.",
"At its best, it plays like a Woody Allen film, something you may notice most when secondary characters stop and explain themselves to the camera.\"",
"Linda Stasi of the \"New York Post\" thought the series was \"pretty darned good,\" adding \"\"The New Normal\" finds its game when it's funny without trying so hard and sweet when it should be.",
"At times \"Normal\" is so touching you might pull out a tissue, or maybe a diaper.\"",
"Ken Tucker of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the series a B grade, saying it contains \"a mixture of sarcasm and sentimentality that isn't remotely realistic, but can be funny.\"",
"David Hinckley of the \"New York Daily News\" called the series \"a bumpy ride,\" adding \"\"The New Normal\" wants what \"Modern Family\" is having.",
"But if we're going to catapult from \"South Park\" to a Hallmark movie, we need a smoother ride.",
"\"On August 24, 2012, representatives from KSL-TV, the NBC affiliate in Salt Lake City, Utah, announced the station, which is owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, would not carry \"The New Normal\", citing content they believed to be inappropriate for broadcast during the family hour.",
"KUCW, the state's CW affiliate, picked up the series and aired it on Saturday nights.",
"The show has been criticised for perpetuating racial stereotypes and using a person born intersex as an object of derision."
] |
[] |
Doubles
|
When are flick serves used?
|
Badminton
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
8
] |
[
"Both pairs will try to gain and maintain the attack, smashing downwards when possible.",
"Whenever possible, a pair will adopt an ideal attacking formation with one player hitting down from the rearcourt, and his partner in the midcourt intercepting all smash returns except the lift.",
"If the rearcourt attacker plays a dropshot, his partner will move into the forecourt to threaten the net reply.",
"If a pair cannot hit downwards, they will use flat strokes in an attempt to gain the attack.",
"If a pair is forced to lift or clear the shuttlecock, then they must defend: they will adopt a side-by-side position in the rear midcourt, to cover the full width of their court against the opponents' smashes.",
"In doubles, players generally smash to the middle ground between two players in order to take advantage of confusion and clashes.",
"At high levels of play, the backhand serve has become popular to the extent that forehand serves have become fairly rare at a high level of play.",
"The straight low serve is used most frequently, in an attempt to prevent the opponents gaining the attack immediately.",
"Flick serves are used to prevent the opponent from anticipating the low serve and attacking it decisively.",
"At high levels of play, doubles rallies are extremely fast.",
"Men's doubles is the most aggressive form of badminton, with a high proportion of powerful jump smashes and very quick reflex exchanges.",
"Because of this, spectator interest is sometimes greater for men's doubles than for singles."
] |
[
2
] |
Critical response
|
What was Metacritic's score for Body of Proof?
|
Body of Proof
| false | 1TV
|
[
1
] |
[
"Critical response.",
"The show was met with mixed reviews: Metacritic summarizes the opinions of 21 critics in giving the show's first season a score of 56 out of 100.",
"\"Entertainment Weekly\" included the show in the 10 TV events to look forward to in 2011.",
"Critic David Hinckley from the New York \"Daily News\" gave the show a positive review, noting it \"would be interesting enough if it were just \"Quincy\" with better legs.",
"Add the other elements and you have something worth checking out at 10 o'clock\".",
"Other reviews were more negative, commenting on the clichéd plot and character development.",
"\"Las Vegas Weekly\" critic Josh Bell commented that \"The problem is that Megan’s personal issues are as clichéd and clumsily presented as her boilerplate murder cases, and the show makes strained connections between the two that don’t really hold together.\"",
"\"The Detroit News\" called it \"Saggy, predictable and preachy, the series debut was delayed for months and still doesn't have what it takes to impress viewers.",
"What a poor replacement for \"Detroit 1-8-7\" (\"Detroit 1–8–7\" was canceled and \"Body of Proof\" was renewed).\"",
"The \"Los Angeles Times\" said \"Murphey and the writers will have to do a lot of heavy lifting for \"Body of Proof\" to transcend its immediate predictability.",
"There's only so much Delany can do with a cardboard show.",
"God may be in the details, but the walls still have to hold.\""
] |
[
0
] |
Varieties
|
What could Tteokgalbi be compared to?
|
Galbi
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
4
] |
[
"Dwaeji galbi () is made with pork ribs that can be seasoned with a typical ganjang-based sauce or gochujang-based sauce (chili pepper condiment).",
"In the latter case, the dish is called \"maeun dwaeji galbi\" (), literally meaning \"hot and spicy pork ribs\" in Korean.",
"Dak galbi () is made with chicken legs although the name contains \"galbi\".",
"It is seasoned with a gochujang-based sauce, but \"maeun\" (매운, hot and spicy) is not prefixed.",
"Tteokgalbi () is made much like meat balls.",
"Ground beef ribs are clumped together in chunks before being grilled.",
"Rice cakes (tteok) is often grilled with the tteokgalbi, typically at the center of it.",
"L.A.",
"galbi () is made with beef ribs thinly cut across the bone.",
"As the name suggests, this is an American variation that originates from South Korean expatriate communities in the Californian city of Los Angeles.",
"It is prepared in the same way as regular galbi, except that the ribs are cut differently.",
"Because most American butcheries cut ribs rib-eye style, instead of the thicker chunks of individual ribs South Koreans typically do in their own country, South Korean-owned restaurants in Los Angeles made galbi with these thinner cuts of beef with several ribs.",
"This variation has since made its way back to South Korea as well."
] |
[
0
] |
Rise of modern light microscopy
|
Who developed Phase Contrast?
|
Microscope
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
8
] |
[
"The first detailed account of the interior construction of living tissue based on the use of a microscope did not appear until 1644, in Giambattista Odierna's \"L'occhio della mosca\", or \"The Fly's Eye\".",
"It was not until the 1660s and 1670s that the microscope was used extensively for research in Italy, The Netherlands and England.",
"Marcelo Malpighi in Italy began the analysis of biological structures beginning with the lungs.",
"Robert Hooke's \"Micrographia\" had a huge impact, largely because of its impressive illustrations.",
"The greatest contribution came from Antonie van Leeuwenhoek who discovered red blood cells and spermatozoa and helped popularise microscopy as a technique.",
"On 9 October 1676, Van Leeuwenhoek reported the discovery of micro-organisms.",
"In 1893 August Köhler developed a key technique for sample illumination, Köhler illumination, which is central to modern light microscopy.",
"This method of sample illumination gives rise to extremely even lighting and overcomes many limitations of older techniques of sample illumination.",
"Further developments in sample illumination came from Frits Zernike in 1953 for inventing Phase Contrast, and Georges Nomarski 1955 for his development of differential interference contrast illumination; both of which allow imaging of unstained, transparent samples."
] |
[
3
] |
Conflicts
|
Which album did the Beatles record the year before Let It Be?
|
Let It Be
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
"The rehearsals and recording sessions for the album did not run smoothly.",
"The acrimony that began during the recording of the previous year's \"White Album\" resumed soon after the rehearsals began.",
"The Beatles were not getting along, and Lennon and McCartney weren't working together as before.",
"McCartney assumed the role of the leader, while a laid back Lennon was more interested in spending time/making music with his soon-to-be wife Yoko Ono, who was now present in the studio with him at all times.",
"All of the factors led to friction within the band.",
"At one point, Harrison walked out and quit the group after several arguments with McCartney and a severe fall-out with Lennon, due to the former's perfectionism and the latter's growing lack of interest in the band.",
"Harrison was eventually coaxed back a few days later.",
"The film version is famous for showcasing a number of conflicts between the group members and has frequently been referred to as a documentary intended to show the making of an album but instead showing \"the break-up of a band\"."
] |
[] |
Zambia's independence and Rhodesia's UDI
|
When did the Zambia border re-open?
|
Victoria Falls
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
3
] |
[
"In 1964, Northern Rhodesia became the independent state of Zambia.",
"The following year, Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence.",
"This was not recognized by Zambia, the United Kingdom or the vast majority of states and led to United Nations-mandated sanctions.",
"In response to the emerging crisis, in 1966 Zambia restricted or stopped border crossings; it did not re-open the border completely until 1980.",
"Guerilla warfare arose on the southern side of the Zambezi from 1972: the Rhodesian Bush War.",
"Visitor numbers began to drop, particularly on the Rhodesian side.",
"The war affected Zambia through military incursions, causing the latter to impose security measures including the stationing of soldiers to restrict access to the gorges and some parts of the falls.",
"Zimbabwe's internationally recognised independence in 1980 brought comparative peace, and the 1980s witnessed renewed levels of tourism and the development of the region as a centre for adventure sports.",
"Activities that gained popularity in the area include whitewater rafting in the gorges, bungee jumping from the bridge, game fishing, horse riding, kayaking, and flights over the falls."
] |
[
2
] |
Background
|
When did they start planning a second phase of operations?
|
Battle of Midway
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
1
] |
[
"Japan had attained its initial strategic goals quickly, taking the Philippines, Malaya, Singapore, and the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia); the latter, with its vital oil resources, was particularly important to Japan.",
"Because of this, preliminary planning for a second phase of operations commenced as early as January 1942.",
"However, there were strategic disagreements between the Imperial Army and Imperial Navy, and infighting between the Navy's GHQ and Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's Combined Fleet, such that a follow-up strategy was not formed until April 1942.",
"Admiral Yamamoto finally succeeded in winning the bureaucratic struggle with a thinly veiled threat to resign, after which his plan for the Central Pacific was adopted.",
"Yamamoto's primary strategic goal was the elimination of America's carrier forces, which he perceived as the principal threat to the overall Pacific campaign.",
"This concern was acutely heightened by the Doolittle Raid on 18 April 1942, in which 16 US Army Air Forces B-25 Mitchell bombers launched from bombed targets in Tokyo and several other Japanese cities.",
"The raid, while militarily insignificant, was a severe psychological shock to the Japanese and showed the existence of a gap in the defenses around the Japanese home islands as well as the accessibility of Japanese territory to American bombers.",
"This, and other successful hit-and-run raids by American carriers in the South Pacific, showed that they were still a threat, although seemingly reluctant to be drawn into an all-out battle.",
"Yamamoto reasoned that another attack on the main U.S Naval base at Pearl Harbor would induce all of the American fleet to sail out to fight, including the carriers.",
"However, due to the strength of American land-based air power on the Hawaiian Islands, he judged that it was too risky to attack Pearl Harbor directly.",
"Instead, Yamamoto selected Midway, a tiny atoll at the extreme northwest end of the Hawaiian Island chain, approximately from Oahu.",
"Midway was not especially important in the larger scheme of Japan's intentions, but the Japanese felt the Americans would consider Midway a vital outpost of Pearl Harbor and would therefore be compelled to defend it vigorously.",
"The U.S. did consider Midway vital; after the battle, establishment of a U.S. submarine base on Midway allowed submarines operating from Pearl Harbor to refuel and reprovision, extending their radius of operations by .",
"In addition to serving as a seaplane base, Midway's airstrips also served as a forward staging point for bomber attacks on Wake Island."
] |
[
2
] |
Golf
|
Who was the world champion of women's golf croquet in 2011?
|
Croquet
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
12
] |
[
"In golf croquet, a hoop is won by the first ball to go through each hoop.",
"Unlike association croquet, there are no additional turns for hitting other balls.",
"Each player takes a stroke in turn, each trying to hit a ball through the same hoop.",
"The sequence of play is blue, red, black, yellow.",
"Blue and black balls play against red and yellow.",
"When a hoop is won, the sequence of play continues as before.",
"The winner of the game is the player/team who wins the most hoops.",
"Golf croquet is the fastest-growing version of the game, owing largely to its simplicity and competitiveness.",
"There is an especially large interest with competitive success by players in Egypt.",
"Golf croquet is easier to learn and play, but requires strategic skills and accurate play.",
"In comparison with association croquet, play is faster and balls are more likely to be lifted off the ground, as seen in this video footage.",
"In April 2013, Reg Bamford of South Africa beat Ahmed Nasr of Egypt in the final of the Golf Croquet World Championship in Cairo, becoming the first person to simultaneously hold the title in both association croquet and golf croquet.",
"As of 2011, the Women's Golf Croquet World Champion was Rachel Rowe (England)."
] |
[
3
] |
Defense
|
In water polo, what defensive positions can be set up?
|
Water polo
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
1,
2,
3,
4
] |
[
"Defensive positions are often the same positionally, but just switched from offense to defense.",
"For example, the centre forward or hole set, who directs the attack on offense, on defense is known as \"hole D\" (also known as set guard, hole guard, hole check, pit defense or two-meter defense), and guards the opposing team's center forward (also called the hole).",
"Defense can be played man-to-man or in zones, such as a 2–4 (four defenders along the goal line).",
"It can also be played as a combination of the two in what is known as an \"M drop\" defense, in which the point defender moves away (\"sloughs off\") his man into a zone in order to better defend the center position.",
"In this defense, the two wing defenders split the area furthest from the goal, allowing them a clearer lane for the counter-attack if their team recovers the ball."
] |
[
0
] |
Conception
|
What were three previous titles of the show now known as "Friends"?
|
Friends
| false | 1TV
|
[
11,
5,
14
] |
[
"David Crane and Marta Kauffman began developing three new television pilots that would premiere in 1994 after their sitcom \"Family Album\" was cancelled by CBS in 1993.",
"Kauffman and Crane decided to pitch the series about \"six people in their 20s making their way in Manhattan\" to NBC, since they thought it would fit best there.",
"Crane and Kauffman presented the idea to their production partner Kevin Bright, who had served as executive producer on their HBO series \"Dream On\".",
"The idea for the series was conceived when Crane and Kauffman began thinking about the time when they had finished college and started living by themselves in New York; Kauffman believed they were looking at a time when the future was \"more of a question mark.\"",
"They found the concept to be interesting, as they believed \"everybody knows that feeling,\" and because it was also how they felt about their own lives at the time.",
"The team titled the series \"Insomnia Cafe\", and pitched the idea as a seven-page treatment to NBC in December 1993.",
"At the same time, Warren Littlefield, the then-president of NBC Entertainment, was seeking a comedy involving young people living together and sharing expenses.",
"Littlefield wanted the group to share memorable periods of their lives with friends, who had become \"new, surrogate family members\".",
"However, Littlefield found difficulty in bringing the concept to life, and found the scripts developed by NBC to be terrible.",
"When Kauffman, Crane and Bright pitched \"Insomnia Cafe\", Littlefield was impressed that they knew who their characters were.",
"NBC bought the idea as a put pilot, meaning they risked financial penalties if the pilot was not filmed.",
"Kauffman and Crane began writing a pilot script for a show now titled \"Friends Like Us\", which took three days to write.",
"Littlefield wanted the series to represent Generation X and explore a new kind of tribal bonding, but the trio did not share his vision.",
"Crane argued that it was not a series for one generation, and wanted to produce a series that everyone would enjoy watching.",
"NBC liked the pilot script and ordered the series under another title, \"Six of One\", mainly due to the similar title it shared with the ABC sitcom \"These Friends of Mine\"."
] |
[
0
] |
Track listing
|
What are the number of instrumental version of Where Have You been in this list?
|
Where Have You Been
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
16,
21,
14
] |
[
";Digital download",
"\"Where Have You Been\" — 4:03",
";The Calvin Harris Extended Remix - Digital download",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (The Calvin Harris Extended Remix) — 6:01",
";Germany, Austria and Switzerland CD single ",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Album Version) — 4:02",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Hector Fonseca Radio Edit) — 3:57",
";International Remixes EP",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Hardwell Club Mix) — 6:34",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Papercha$er Remix) — 6:35",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Hector Fonseca Radio Edit) — 3:57",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Vice Edit) — 3:39",
";U.S. Remixes EP",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Hardwell Club Mix) — 6:34",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Hardwell Instrumental) — 6:34",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Papercha$er Remix) — 6:35",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Papercha$er Instrumental) — 6:34",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Hector Fonseca Radio Edit) — 3:56",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Hector Fonseca Remix) — 8:00",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Hector Fonseca Dub) — 6:38",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Vice Club Mix) — 5:35",
"\"Where Have You Been\" (Vice Instrumental) — 5:36"
] |
[
4,
0
] |
Music and dance
|
Is pop,rock, hiphop and heavy metal popular?
|
Spain
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
2
] |
[
"Spanish music is often considered abroad to be synonymous with flamenco, a West Andalusian musical genre, which, contrary to popular belief, is not widespread outside that region.",
"Various regional styles of folk music abound in Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Castile, the Basque Country, Galicia and Asturias.",
"Pop, rock, hip hop and heavy metal are also popular.",
"In the field of classical music, Spain has produced a number of noted composers such as Isaac Albéniz, Manuel de Falla and Enrique Granados and singers and performers such as Plácido Domingo, José Carreras, Montserrat Caballé, Alicia de Larrocha, Alfredo Kraus, Pablo Casals, Ricardo Viñes, José Iturbi, Pablo de Sarasate, Jordi Savall and Teresa Berganza.",
"In Spain there are over forty professional orchestras, including the Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona, Orquesta Nacional de España and the Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid.",
"Major opera houses include the Teatro Real,the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Teatro Arriaga and the El Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía.",
"Thousands of music fans also travel to Spain each year for internationally recognised summer music festivals Sónar which often features the top up and coming pop and techno acts, and Benicàssim which tends to feature alternative rock and dance acts.",
"Both festivals mark Spain as an international music presence and reflect the tastes of young people in the country.",
"The most popular traditional musical instrument, the guitar, originated in Spain.",
"Typical of the north are the traditional bag pipers or \"gaiteros\", mainly in Asturias and Galicia."
] |
[] |
Quantum mechanics and classical physics
|
When can you detect quantum coherence at macroscopic scales?
|
Quantum mechanics
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
5
] |
[
" and classical physics.",
"Predictions of quantum mechanics have been verified experimentally to an extremely high degree of accuracy.",
"According to the correspondence principle between classical and quantum mechanics, all objects obey the laws of quantum mechanics, and classical mechanics is just an approximation for large systems of objects (or a statistical quantum mechanics of a large collection of particles).",
"The laws of classical mechanics thus follow from the laws of quantum mechanics as a statistical average at the limit of large systems or large quantum numbers.",
"However, chaotic systems do not have good quantum numbers, and quantum chaos studies the relationship between classical and quantum descriptions in these systems.",
"Quantum coherence is an essential difference between classical and quantum theories as illustrated by the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) paradox — an attempt to disprove quantum mechanics by an appeal to local realism.",
"Quantum interference involves adding together \"probability amplitudes\", whereas classical \"waves\" infer that there is an adding together of \"intensities\".",
"For microscopic bodies, the extension of the system is much smaller than the coherence length, which gives rise to long-range entanglement and other nonlocal phenomena characteristic of quantum systems.",
"Quantum coherence is not typically evident at macroscopic scales, though an exception to this rule may occur at extremely low temperatures (i.e.",
"approaching absolute zero) at which quantum behavior may manifest itself macroscopically.",
"This is in accordance with the following observations:",
" Many macroscopic properties of a classical system are a direct consequence of the quantum behavior of its parts.",
"For example, the stability of bulk matter (consisting of atoms and molecules which would quickly collapse under electric forces alone), the rigidity of solids, and the mechanical, thermal, chemical, optical and magnetic properties of matter are all results of the interaction of electric charges under the rules of quantum mechanics.",
" While the seemingly \"exotic\" behavior of matter posited by quantum mechanics and relativity theory become more apparent when dealing with particles of extremely small size or velocities approaching the speed of light, the laws of classical, often considered \"Newtonian\", physics remain accurate in predicting the behavior of the vast majority of \"large\" objects (on the order of the size of large molecules or bigger) at velocities much smaller than the velocity of light."
] |
[
2
] |
Literature
|
What was the beginning of modern Irish fiction?
|
Republic of Ireland
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
1
] |
[
"Ireland has made a significant contribution to world literature in both the English and Irish languages.",
"Modern Irish fiction began with the publishing of the 1726 novel \"Gulliver's Travels\" by Jonathan Swift.",
"Other writers of importance during the 18th century and their most notable works include Laurence Sterne with the publication of \"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman\" and Oliver Goldsmith's \"The Vicar of Wakefield\".",
"Numerous Irish novelists emerged during the 19th century, including Maria Edgeworth, John Banim, Gerald Griffin, Charles Kickham, William Carleton, George Moore, and Somerville and Ross.",
"Bram Stoker is best known as the author of the 1897 novel \"Dracula\".",
"James Joyce (1882–1941) published his most famous work \"Ulysses\" in 1922, which is an interpretation of the \"Odyssey\" set in Dublin.",
"Edith Somerville continued writing after the death of her partner Martin Ross in 1915.",
"Dublin's Annie M. P. Smithson was one of several authors catering for fans of romantic fiction in the 1920s and 1930s.",
"After the Second World War, popular novels were published by, among others, Brian O'Nolan, who published as Flann O'Brien, Elizabeth Bowen, and Kate O'Brien.",
"During the final decades of the 20th century, Edna O'Brien, John McGahern, Maeve Binchy, Joseph O'Connor, Roddy Doyle, Colm Tóibín, and John Banville came to the fore as novelists.",
"Patricia Lynch (1898–1972) was a prolific children's author, while Eoin Colfer has been particularly successful in this genre in recent years.",
"In the genre of the short story, which is a form favoured by many Irish writers, the most prominent figures include Seán Ó Faoláin, Frank O'Connor and William Trevor.",
"Well known Irish poets include Patrick Kavanagh, Thomas McCarthy, Dermot Bolger, and Nobel Prize in Literature laureates William Butler Yeats and Seamus Heaney (born in Northern Ireland but resided in Dublin).",
"Prominent writers in the Irish language are Pádraic Ó Conaire, Máirtín Ó Cadhain, Séamus Ó Grianna, and Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill.",
"The history of Irish theatre begins with the expansion of the English administration in Dublin during the early 17th century, and since then, Ireland has significantly contributed to English drama.",
"In its early history, theatrical productions in Ireland tended to serve political purposes, but as more theatres opened and the popular audience grew, a more diverse range of entertainments were staged.",
"Many Dublin-based theatres developed links with their London equivalents, and British productions frequently found their way to the Irish stage.",
"However, most Irish playwrights went abroad to establish themselves.",
"In the 18th century, Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan were two of the most successful playwrights on the London stage at that time.",
"At the beginning of the 20th century, theatre companies dedicated to the staging of Irish plays and the development of writers, directors and performers began to emerge, which allowed many Irish playwrights to learn their trade and establish their reputations in Ireland rather than in Britain or the United States.",
"Following in the tradition of acclaimed practitioners, principally Oscar Wilde and Literature Nobel Prize laureates George Bernard Shaw (1925), and Samuel Beckett (1969), playwrights such as Seán O'Casey, Brian Friel, Sebastian Barry, Brendan Behan, Conor McPherson, and Billy Roche have gained popular success.",
"Other Irish playwrights of the 20th century include Denis Johnston, Thomas Kilroy, Tom Murphy, Hugh Leonard, Frank McGuinness, and John B. Keane."
] |
[
0
] |
Differences between the film and reality
|
What is the name of Woodroof ex wife?
|
Dallas Buyers Club
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
7
] |
[
"The characters of Rayon and Dr. Eve Saks were fictional; the writers had interviewed transgender AIDS patients, activists, and doctors for the film and combined these stories to create the two composite supporting roles.",
"However, Woodroof did lose all his friends after they found out he was HIV-positive.",
"In his interviews with Borten, Woodroof implied that this, along with interactions with gay people living with AIDS through the buyers club, led to a rethinking of his apparent anti-gay sentiments and changed his views on gay people.",
"Other people who knew him said that he did not harbor anti-gay sentiments and was himself bisexual.",
"Also, while a rodeo enthusiast, he never rode any bulls himself.",
"Although the film shows Woodroof diagnosed in 1985, he told Borten that a doctor had informed him he might have the disease well before that; Woodroof believed he may have been infected in 1981, something that was briefly alluded to in a flashback in the film.",
"While Woodroof was known for outlandish behavior, according to those who knew him, both the film and McConaughey made him rougher than he actually was, describing him as \"outrageous, but not confrontational\" and not as obviously anti-gay earlier in his life.",
"The real Woodroof also had an ex-wife, Brenda, a daughter and a sister who were not approached by the writers and were left out of the script to make the film more of a character study."
] |
[
0
] |
Composition and lyrics
|
What key is the musical piece "One More Night written in?
|
One More Night (Maroon 5 song)
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
3
] |
[
"",
"\"One More Night\" was written by Adam Levine, Shellback, Max Martin, and Savan Kotecha, while production was handled by Martin and Shellback.",
"It is a pop song, with a reggae beat infused into the percussion, giving the song a more dancey feel.",
"The song is in the key of F minor and in 4/4 time.",
"Lyrically, the song is built upon the idea of the quintessential push and pull between what the heart, mind and body want, which are usually opposing things.",
"It starts with Adam Levine's \"Ooh-ooh-ooh-ooh\", underlined by a reggae beat.",
"\"You and I go hard at each other like we're goin' to war\", Levine sings and then tempers that statement by saying, \"Try to tell you ‘no but my body keeps on telling you ‘yes’\", lamenting over not being able to resist the atrractive charms of an addictive person.",
"The chorus finds Levine bewitched by someone he knows he shouldn’t be with: \"So I cross my heart and I hope to die / That I’ll only stay with you one more night / And I know I said it a million times / But I’ll only stay with you one more night.",
"\"Regarding the song's theme, Amy Sciaretto of \"PopCrush\" defined the track: \"The song is erected on a thumped out beat, in addition to Levine’s signature falsetto, where he tosses off lyrics about not getting along with (or being able to untangle himself from) his lady love.",
"Levine is hoping he only stays with her just 'one more night'.\""
] |
[
0
] |
History
|
What is another word for disease-causing pathogens?
|
Pathology
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
5
] |
[
"The history of pathology can be traced back to antiquity when people began examining bodies.",
"The examination of bodies led to the dissection of bodies in order to discover the cause of death.",
"During that time, the people already began formulating today what we know as inflammation, tumors, boils, and much more.",
"Pathology began to develop as a subject during the 19th Century through teachers and physicians that studied pathology.",
"They referred to it as “pathological anatomy” or “morbid anatomy.” However, pathology as a field of medicine was not recognized until the late 19th and early 20th centuries.",
"In the 19th century, physicians realized that disease-causing pathogens, or germs (disease-causing, or pathogenic, microbes, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, amoebae, molds, protists, and prions) existed and were capable of reproduction and multiplication, and that evil spirits or humors, or even the signs and symptoms of the condition, were not the causative agent of a disease.",
"Through the new information gathered regarding germ reproduction, physicians began to compare the characteristics of one germ’s symptoms as they developed within an affected individual to another germ’s characteristics and symptoms.",
"This realization led to the foundational understanding that diseases are able to create themselves, and that they can affect human beings in unique ways.",
"In order to determine causes of diseases, medical experts used the most common and widely accepted assumptions or symptoms of their times.",
"This is true for those in the past and today.",
"What set pathology apart from other specialties was the ability to determine a symptom with the naked eye.",
"During the 19th century, Rudolf Virchow gave the biggest contribution to the field by introducing the procedure of analyzing tissue and cells through a microscope to pathologists.",
"This greatly affected the discipline because it was another way to analyze objects, and it led to more advanced technological developments.",
"By the late 1920s to early 1930s pathology was deemed a medical specialty.",
"During the years following, the decision to split pathology into sub-specialties arose.",
"Today, anatomical, clinical, molecular, forensic, oral, dermatopathology, hematopathology, and neuropathology exist as medical specialties.",
"Today, pathologists are physicians who are diagnosing patients with diseases through examination of biopsies and resections.",
"Their work also includes working with other physicians and scientists on solutions to treat diseases such as various kinds of cancers."
] |
[
0
] |
Military intervention vs diplomatic solution
|
Who's Dominique
|
2003 invasion of Iraq
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
1
] |
[
"Criticisms about the evidence used to justify the war notwithstanding, many opponents of military intervention objected, saying that a diplomatic solution would be preferable, and that war should be reserved as a truly last resort.",
"This position was exemplified by French Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin, who responded to U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell's 5 February 2003 presentation to the U.N Security Council by saying that: \"Given the choice between military intervention and an inspections regime that is inadequate because of a failure to cooperate on Iraq's part, we must choose the decisive reinforcement of the means of inspections.",
"\"In response to Donald Rumsfeld's reference to European countries that did not support the invasion of Iraq as 'Old Europe', Dominique de Villepin ended his speech with words that would later come to embody the French-German political, economic, and military alliance throughout the beginning of the 21st Century: \"This message comes to you today from an old country, France, from a continent like mine, Europe, that has known wars, occupation and barbarity.",
"(…) Faithful to its values, it wishes resolutely to act with all the members of the international community.",
"It believes in our ability to build together a better world.",
"\"The direct opposition between diplomatic solution and military intervention involving France and the United States which was personified by Chirac versus Bush and later Powell versus de Villepin, became a milestone in the Franco-American relations.",
"Anti-French propangada exploiting the classic Francophobic clichés immediately ensued in the United States and the United Kingdom.",
"A call for a boycott on French wine was launched in the United States and the \"New York Post\" covered on the 1944 \"Sacrifice\" of the GIs France would had forgotten.",
"It was followed a week later, on 20 February, by the British newspaper \"The Sun\" publishing a special issue entitled \"Chirac is a worm\" and including \"ad hominem\" attacks such as \"Jacques Chirac has become the shame of Europe\".",
"Actually both newspapers expressed the opinion of their owner, U.S. billionaire Rupert Murdoch, a military intervention supporter and a George W. Bush partisan as argued by Roy Greenslade in \"The Guardian\" published on 17 February."
] |
[
3
] |
History
|
During which year did Stone Mountain Park provide venues for Olympic events in tennis, archery, and track cycling?
|
Stone Mountain
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
20
] |
[
"Human habitation of Stone Mountain and its surroundings date back into prehistory.",
"When the mountain was first encountered by European explorers, its summit was encircled by a rock wall, similar to that still to be found on Georgia's Fort Mountain.",
"The wall is believed to have been built by early Native American inhabitants of the area, although its purpose remains unclear.",
"By the beginning of the 20th century the wall had disappeared, the rocks having been taken away by early visitors as souvenirs, rolled down the rockface, or removed by the commercial quarrying operation.",
"The mountain was as well the eastern end of the Campbelton Trail, a Native American path that ran through what is now the Atlanta area.",
"Europeans first learned of the mountain in 1597, when Spanish explorers were told of a mountain further inland which was \"very high, shining when the sun set like a fire.\"",
"By this time, the Stone Mountain area was inhabited by the Creek and (to a lesser extent) Cherokee peoples.",
"In 1790 the mountain was the site of a meeting initiated by President George Washington in hopes of negotiating a peace treaty with the Creek.",
"Instead a series of wars ensued, and the Creek were forced to cede the land to the state of Georgia in 1821.",
"In the early 19th century, the area was known as Rock Mountain.",
"After the founding of DeKalb County and the county seat of Decatur in 1822 Stone Mountain was a natural recreation area; it was common for young men to take their dates on horseback from Decatur to the mountain.",
"Entrepreneur Aaron Cloud built a 165 foot (50 m) wooden observation tower at the summit of the mountain in 1838, but it was destroyed by a storm and replaced by a much smaller tower in 1851.",
"Visitors to the mountain would travel to the area by rail and road, and then walk up the 1.1 mile mountaintop trail to the top, where Cloud also had a restaurant and club.",
"Granite quarrying started at Stone Mountain in the 1830s, but became a major industry following the completion of a railroad spur to the quarry site in 1847.",
"This line was rebuilt by the Georgia Railroad in 1869.",
"Over the years, Stone Mountain granite was used in many buildings and structures, including the locks of the Panama Canal, the steps to the East Wing of the United States Capitol and the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo.",
"In recent years, granite suppliers in Georgia sent stone samples cut from Stone Mountain to the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Foundation to be considered for use in a planned monument in King's honor; the Foundation later chose to use granite imported from China.",
"Unfortunately, quarrying during earlier periods also destroyed several spectacular geological features on Stone Mountain, such as the Devil's Crossroads, which was located on top of the mountain.",
"In 1887 Stone Mountain was purchased for $45,000 by the Venable Brothers of Atlanta, who quarried the mountain for 24 more years, and descendents of the Venable family would retain ownership of the mountain until it was purchased by the State of Georgia in the 1950s.",
"Martin Luther King, Jr. mentioned the monument in his 1963 \"I Have a Dream\" speech in Washington, D.C., when he said \"let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!\"",
"During the 1996 Summer Olympics, Stone Mountain Park provided venues for Olympic events in tennis, archery and track cycling.",
"The venues for archery and cycling were temporary and are now part of the songbird and habitat trail."
] |
[] |
Canada
|
How is Canadian bacon made?
|
Bacon
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
3
] |
[
"An individual piece of bacon is a 'slice' or 'strip'.",
"In Canada:",
" The term bacon on its own or, more specifically, side bacon typically refers to bacon from the pig's belly.",
" Back bacon refers to either smoked or unsmoked bacon cut from the boneless eye of pork loin; this is called 'Canadian bacon' in the United States.",
" Peameal bacon is back bacon, brined and coated in fine cornmeal (historically, it was rolled in a meal made from ground dried peas)."
] |
[
5
] |
Moon race
|
Which countries were involved in the space race and what was the outcome?
|
Apollo 11
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
0,
1,
2
] |
[
"The Soviet Union was secretly attempting to compete with the US in landing a man on the Moon but had been hampered by repeated failures in development of a launcher comparable to the Saturn V. Meanwhile, they tried to beat the US to return lunar material to the Earth by means of unmanned probes.",
"On July 13, three days before Apollo 11's launch, they launched Luna 15, which reached lunar orbit before Apollo 11.",
"During descent, a malfunction caused Luna 15 to crash in Mare Crisium about two hours before Armstrong and Aldrin took off from the surface.",
"The Jodrell Bank Observatory radio telescope in England was later discovered to have recorded transmissions from Luna 15 during its descent, and this was published in July 2009 on the 40th anniversary of Apollo 11."
] |
[
0
] |
Basic unresolved problems in biology
|
Do experts agree about why we age?
|
Biology
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
6
] |
[
"Despite the profound advances made over recent decades in our understanding of life’s fundamental processes, some basic problems have remained unresolved.",
"For example, one of the major unresolved problems in biology is the primary adaptive function of sex, and particularly its key processes in eukaryotes, meiosis and homologous recombination.",
"One view is that sex evolved primarily as an adaptation for increasing genetic diversity (see references e.g.).",
"An alternative view is that sex is an adaptation for promoting accurate DNA repair in germ-line DNA, and that increased genetic diversity is primarily a byproduct that may be useful in the long run.",
"(See also Evolution of sexual reproduction).",
"Another basic unresolved problem in biology is the biologic basis of aging.",
"At present, there is no consensus view on the underlying cause of aging.",
"Various competing theories are outlined in Ageing#Theories."
] |
[
1
] |
Career in Mexico
|
What artists did the program contain?
|
Diego Rivera
| true | 3ART
|
[
3
] |
[
"In 1920, urged by Alberto J. Pani, the Mexican ambassador to France, Rivera left France and traveled through Italy studying its art, including Renaissance frescoes.",
"After José Vasconcelos became Minister of Education, Rivera returned to Mexico in 1921 to become involved in the government sponsored Mexican mural program planned by Vasconcelos.",
"\"See also Mexican muralism.\"",
"The program included such Mexican artists as José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and Rufino Tamayo, and the French artist Jean Charlot.",
"In January 1922, he painted – experimentally in encaustic – his first significant mural \"Creation\" in the Bolívar Auditorium of the National Preparatory School in Mexico City while guarding himself with a pistol against right-wing students.",
"In the autumn of 1922, Rivera participated in the founding of the Revolutionary Union of Technical Workers, Painters and Sculptors, and later that year he joined the Mexican Communist Party (including its Central Committee).",
"His murals, subsequently painted in fresco only, dealt with Mexican society and reflected the country's 1910 Revolution.",
"Rivera developed his own native style based on large, simplified figures and bold colors with an Aztec influence clearly present in murals at the Secretariat of Public Education in Mexico City begun in September 1922, intended to consist of one hundred and twenty-four frescoes, and finished in 1928.",
"His art, in a fashion similar to the steles of the Maya, tells stories.",
"The mural \"En el Arsenal\" (In the Arsenal) shows on the right-hand side Tina Modotti holding an ammunition belt and facing Julio Antonio Mella, in a light hat, and Vittorio Vidali behind in a black hat.",
"However, the \"En el Arsenal\" detail shown does not include the right-hand side described nor any of the three individuals mentioned; instead it shows the left-hand side with Frida Kahlo handing out munitions.",
"Leon Trotsky lived with Rivera and Kahlo for several months while exiled in Mexico.",
"Some of Rivera's most famous murals are featured at the National School of Agriculture at Chapingo near Texcoco (1925–27), in the Cortés Palace in Cuernavaca (1929–30), and the National Palace in Mexico City (1929–30, 1935)."
] |
[
0
] |
Music
|
When the song Live to Rise was announced that it will be in Avengers movie?
|
The Avengers (2012 film)
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
6
] |
[
"In November 2011, Marvel announced that Alan Silvestri, who scored \"Captain America: The First Avenger\", would write and compose the score for \"The Avengers\".",
"Silvestri said, \"I've worked on films where there have been a number of stars and certainly worked on films where there have been characters of equal weight in terms of their level of importance and profile in the film, but this one is somewhat extreme in that regard because each of these characters has their own world and it's a very different situation.",
"It's very challenging to look for a way to give everyone the weight and consideration they need, but at the same time the film is really about the coming together of these characters, which implies that there is this entity called the Avengers which really has to be representative of all of them together.\"",
"Silvestri developed the score with the London Symphony Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios in London, England.",
"Whedon said, \"The score is very old-fashioned, which is why was letter-perfect for this movie because he can give you the heightened emotion, the [Hans Zimmer school of 'I'm just feeling a lot right now!'",
"but he can also be extraordinarily cue and character specific, which I love.",
"\"In March 2012, American alternative rock band Soundgarden announced through its Facebook page that its song \"Live to Rise\" would be included on the film's soundtrack.",
"Additionally, the Indian rock band Agnee released a music video for its single \"Hello Andheron\", which serves as the theme song for the film's Indian release.",
"The following day, Marvel revealed details for the soundtrack, which was released May 1, 2012, the same day as the score."
] |
[
2
] |
Philosophy
|
What is of prime importance in karate?
|
Karate
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
5
] |
[
"In \"Karate-Do Kyohan,\" Funakoshi quoted from the Heart Sutra, which is prominent in Shingon Buddhism: \"Form is emptiness, emptiness is form itself\" (\"shiki zokuze kū kū zokuze shiki\").",
"He interpreted the \"kara\" of Karate-dō to mean \"to purge oneself of selfish and evil thoughts ... for only with a clear mind and conscience can the practitioner understand the knowledge which he receives.\"",
"Funakoshi believed that one should be \"inwardly humble and outwardly gentle.\"",
"Only by behaving humbly can one be open to Karate's many lessons.",
"This is done by listening and being receptive to criticism.",
"He considered courtesy of prime importance.",
"He said that \"Karate is properly applied only in those rare situations in which one really must either down another or be downed by him.\"",
"Funakoshi did not consider it unusual for a devotee to use Karate in a real physical confrontation no more than perhaps once in a lifetime.",
"He stated that Karate practitioners must \"never be easily drawn into a fight.\"",
"It is understood that one blow from a real expert could mean death.",
"It is clear that those who misuse what they have learned bring dishonor upon themselves.",
"He promoted the character trait of personal conviction.",
"In \"time of grave public crisis, one must have the courage ... to face a million and one opponents.\"",
"He taught that indecisiveness is a weakness."
] |
[
0
] |
Homeless camps
|
Oakland's helicopter were sought to be borrowed by who to look for homeless camps?
|
Golden Gate Park
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
4
] |
[
"The City of San Francisco has sometimes grappled with what to do about camps of homeless people living in Golden Gate Park, which have been criticized as unsanitary, and \"demoralizing\" for park users and workers.",
"The camps have been described by journalists as full of garbage, broken glass, hypodermic needles, and human excrement, and the people in them are described as suffering from serious addictions and often behaving aggressively with police and park gardeners.",
"There have been occasional incidents of violence against homeless people in the park, including the 2010 park beating to death of a homeless man and an attack on park visitors by dogs owned by a park resident, also in 2010.",
"In the 1990s, then-Mayor Willie Brown sought unsuccessfully to borrow the Oakland Police Department's helicopters in order to find homeless people's camps.",
"Starting in 1988 under then-mayor Art Agnos, and continuing under the direction of subsequent mayors including Frank Jordan, Willie Brown, and Gavin Newsom, San Francisco police have conducted intermittent sweeps of the park aimed at eliminating the camps.",
"Tactics have included information campaigns designed to inform homeless residents about city services available to help them; waking sleeping homeless people and making them leave the park; issuing citations for infractions and misdemeanors such as camping, trespassing, or public intoxication, which carry penalties of $75 to $100; and the seizure and removal from the park of homeless people's possessions.",
"The crackdowns have been criticized by anti-poverty activists and civil liberties groups, who say they attack only the symptoms of homelessness while ignoring its root causes, and criminalize the poor for their poverty while ignoring their property rights and constitutional rights.",
"In 2006, the American Civil Liberties Union brought a lawsuit against the city government on behalf of 10 homeless people, alleging property violations by the city during sweeps in Golden Gate Park the year before."
] |
[
3
] |
Etymology
|
The name vietnam originated with what dynasty?
|
Vietnam
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
0
] |
[
"The name \"Việt Nam\" () is a variation of \"Nam Việt\" (; literally \"Southern Việt\"), a name that can be traced back to the Triệu Dynasty of the 2nd century BC.",
"The word \"Việt\" originated as a shortened form of Bách Việt (), a word applied to a group of peoples then living in southern China and Vietnam.",
"The form \"Vietnam\" () is first recorded in the 16th-century oracular poem \"Sấm Trạng Trình\".",
"The name has also been found on 12 steles carved in the 16th and 17th centuries, including one at Bao Lam Pagoda in Haiphong that dates to 1558.",
"Between 1804 and 1813, the name was used officially by Emperor Gia Long.",
"It was revived in the early 20th century by Phan Bội Châu's \"History of the Loss of Vietnam\", and later by the Vietnamese Nationalist Party.",
"The country was usually called Annam until 1945, when both the imperial government in Huế and the Viet Minh government in Hanoi adopted \"Việt Nam\".",
"Since the use of Chinese characters was discontinued in 1918, the alphabetic spelling of Vietnam is official."
] |
[
0
] |
Education
|
What is the Literacy rate of people over the age of 15 in Argentina
|
Argentina
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
1
] |
[
"Argentina built a national public education system in comparison to other nations, placing the country high in the global rankings of literacy.",
"Today Argentina has a literacy rate of 97.4%, and 16.2% over age 15 have completed secondary school studies or higher.",
"School attendance is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 17.",
"The Argentine school system consists of an elementary or lower school level lasting six or seven years, and a secondary or high school level lasting between five to six years, depending on the jurisdiction.",
"There are forty-seven national public universities across the country, as well as forty-six private ones.",
"The universities of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, La Plata, Rosario, and the National Technological University are among the most important.",
"Public universities faced cutbacks in spending during the 1980s and 1990s, which led to a decline in overall quality.",
"Four out of five Argentine adults have completed grade school, over a third have completed their secondary education and one in nine Argentine adults have college degrees.",
"Likewise, Argentina has the highest rate of university students in Latin America: official sources recently reported roughly 1,500,000 college students within the Argentine University System."
] |
[
0
] |
Frank and Charles Menches
|
Why did they switch from pork sausage to beef in hamburgers?
|
Hamburger
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
1,
2
] |
[
"Another claim from 1885 comes from Frank and Charles Menches who claim to have sold a ground beef sandwich at the Erie County Fair in Hamburg, New York.",
"During the fair, they ran out of pork sausage for their sandwiches and substituted beef.",
"Kunzog, who spoke to Frank Menches, says they exhausted their supply of sausage, so purchased chopped up beef from a butcher, Andrew Klein.",
"Though historian Joseph Streamer wrote that the meat was from Stein's market not Klein's; despite Stein having sold the market in 1874.",
"The story notes that the origin of the hamburger comes from Hamburg, New York not Hamburg Germany.",
"Yet Frank Menches's obituary in \"The New York Times\" states that these events took place at the 1892 Summit County Fair in Akron, Ohio."
] |
[
1
] |
Military intervention vs diplomatic solution
|
During what time did the boycott on French wine begin?
|
2003 invasion of Iraq
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
7
] |
[
"Criticisms about the evidence used to justify the war notwithstanding, many opponents of military intervention objected, saying that a diplomatic solution would be preferable, and that war should be reserved as a truly last resort.",
"This position was exemplified by French Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin, who responded to U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell's 5 February 2003 presentation to the U.N Security Council by saying that: \"Given the choice between military intervention and an inspections regime that is inadequate because of a failure to cooperate on Iraq's part, we must choose the decisive reinforcement of the means of inspections.",
"\"In response to Donald Rumsfeld's reference to European countries that did not support the invasion of Iraq as 'Old Europe', Dominique de Villepin ended his speech with words that would later come to embody the French-German political, economic, and military alliance throughout the beginning of the 21st Century: \"This message comes to you today from an old country, France, from a continent like mine, Europe, that has known wars, occupation and barbarity.",
"(…) Faithful to its values, it wishes resolutely to act with all the members of the international community.",
"It believes in our ability to build together a better world.",
"\"The direct opposition between diplomatic solution and military intervention involving France and the United States which was personified by Chirac versus Bush and later Powell versus de Villepin, became a milestone in the Franco-American relations.",
"Anti-French propangada exploiting the classic Francophobic clichés immediately ensued in the United States and the United Kingdom.",
"A call for a boycott on French wine was launched in the United States and the \"New York Post\" covered on the 1944 \"Sacrifice\" of the GIs France would had forgotten.",
"It was followed a week later, on 20 February, by the British newspaper \"The Sun\" publishing a special issue entitled \"Chirac is a worm\" and including \"ad hominem\" attacks such as \"Jacques Chirac has become the shame of Europe\".",
"Actually both newspapers expressed the opinion of their owner, U.S. billionaire Rupert Murdoch, a military intervention supporter and a George W. Bush partisan as argued by Roy Greenslade in \"The Guardian\" published on 17 February."
] |
[
0
] |
Pre-colonial history
|
Which British painter did the earliest depiction of Victoria Falls?
|
Victoria Falls
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
15
] |
[
"Archaeological sites around the falls have yielded \"Homo habilis\" stone artifacts from 3 million years ago, 50,000-year-old Middle Stone Age tools and Late Stone Age (10,000 and 2,000 years ago) weapons, adornments and digging tools.",
"Iron-using Khoisan hunter-gatherers displaced these Stone Age people and in turn were displaced by Bantu tribes such as the southern Tonga people known as the Batoka/Tokalea, who called the falls \"Shungu na mutitima\".",
"The Matabele, later arrivals, named them \"aManz' aThunqayo\", and the Batswana and Makololo (whose language is used by the Lozi people) call them \"Mosi-o-Tunya\".",
"All these names mean essentially \"the smoke that thunders\".",
"A map from c.1750 drawn by Jacques Nicolas Bellin for Abbé Antoine François Prevost d'Exiles marks the falls as \"cataractes\" and notes a settlement to the north of the Zambezi as being friendly with the Portuguese at the time.",
"Earlier still Nicolas de Fer's 1715 map of southern Africa has the fall clearly marked in the correct position.",
"It also has dotted lines denoting trade routes that David Livingstone followed 140 years later.",
"The first European to see the falls was David Livingstone on 17 November 1855, during his 1852–56 journey from the upper Zambezi to the mouth of the river.",
"The falls were well known to local tribes, and Voortrekker hunters may have known of them, as may the Arabs under a name equivalent to \"the end of the world\".",
"Europeans were sceptical of their reports, perhaps thinking that the lack of mountains and valleys on the plateau made a large falls unlikely.",
"Livingstone had been told about the falls before he reached them from upriver and was paddled across to a small island that now bears the name Livingstone Island in Zambia.",
"Livingstone had previously been impressed by the Ngonye Falls further upstream, but found the new falls much more impressive, and gave them their English name in honour of Queen Victoria.",
"He wrote of the falls, \"No one can imagine the beauty of the view from anything witnessed in England.",
"It had never been seen before by European eyes; but scenes so lovely must have been gazed upon by angels in their flight.",
"\"In 1860, Livingstone returned to the area and made a detailed study of the falls with John Kirk.",
"Other early European visitors included Portuguese explorer Serpa Pinto, Czech explorer Emil Holub, who made the first detailed plan of the falls and its surroundings in 1875 (published in 1880), and British artist Thomas Baines, who executed some of the earliest paintings of the falls.",
"Until the area was opened up by the building of the railway in 1905, though, the falls were seldom visited by other Europeans."
] |
[] |
Media coverage
|
How many hours did NBC devote to the shooting in the first week?
|
Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
20
] |
[
"As the shooting took place, ABC News was signing off from its electoral broadcast, while the CBS broadcast was already over.",
"It was not until 21 minutes after the shots that CBS's coverage of the shooting would begin.",
"The reporters who had been present to report on Kennedy's win in the primary ended up crowding into the kitchen where he had been shot and the immediate aftermath was captured only by audio recording and cameras that had no live transmission capability.",
"ABC was able to show scant live footage from the kitchen after Kennedy had been transported but unlike CBS and NBC, all of ABC's coverage from the Ambassador was in black and white.",
"CBS and NBC shot footage in the kitchen of the shooting's aftermath on color film, which could not be broadcast until it was developed two hours after the incident.",
"Reporter Andrew West of KRKD, a Mutual Broadcasting System radio affiliate in Los Angeles, captured on audio tape the sounds of the immediate aftermath of the shooting but not the actual shooting itself.",
"Using his reel-to-reel tape recorder and attached microphone, West had just recorded the senator's victory speech.",
"With the audio still rolling, West asked the Senator the following question... Andrew West: \"Senator, how are you going to counter Mr. Humphrey and his backgrounding you as far as the delegate votes go?",
"\"Senator Kennedy: \"It just goes back to the struggle for it.",
"\"After this brief exchange, West turned off his tape recorder and followed Kennedy and his entourage to the kitchen pantry.",
"Just a few minutes later, seconds after Kennedy was shot, West turned his recorder on again and started reporting the sudden developments... Andrew West: \"Senator Kennedy has been shot!",
"Senator Kennedy has been shot; is that possible?",
"Is that possible?",
"It's...is it possible, ladies and gentlemen?",
"It is possible, he has...not only Senator Kennedy, oh my God.",
"Senator Kennedy has been shot, and another man, a Kennedy campaign manager, and possibly shot in the head.",
"\"Several seconds later, West gave an on-the-spot account of the struggle with Sirhan in the hotel kitchen pantry, shouting at Rafer Johnson to \"Get the gun, Rafer, get the gun!\"",
"and telling others to \"get a hold of thumb and break it, if you have to!",
"Get his thumb!...",
"We don't want another Oswald!",
"\"Over the following week, NBC devoted 55 hours to the shooting and aftermath, ABC 43, and CBS 42, with all three networks preempting their regular coverage and advertisements to cover the story."
] |
[
5
] |
Restoration
|
When the "fig leaf" was removed, what was discovered about the figure below and to the right of St. Bartholomew in Michelango's "The Last Judgement"?
|
The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)
| false | 3ART
|
[
5,
6
] |
[
"The fresco was restored along with the Sistine vault between 1980 and 1994 under the supervision of curator of the Vatican Museums Frabrizio Mancinelli.",
"The illustration reflects the restoration.",
"During the course of the restoration about half of the censorship of the \"Fig-Leaf Campaign\" was removed.",
"Numerous pieces of buried details, caught under the smoke and grime of scores of years were revealed after the restoration.",
"It was discovered that the fresco of Biagio de Cesena as Minos with donkey ears was being bitten in the genitalia by a coiled snake.",
"Another discovery is of the figure condemned to Hell directly below and to the right of St. Bartholomew with flayed skin.",
"It was, for centuries, considered to be male until removal of the \"fig leaf\" showed that it was female."
] |
[
2,
0
] |
Other branches of anatomy
|
What is the study of anatomy for artistic reasons called?
|
Anatomy
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
5
] |
[
"Superficial or surface anatomy is important as the study of anatomical landmarks that can be readily seen from the exterior contours of the body.",
"It enables physicians or veterinary surgeons to gauge the position and anatomy of the associated deeper structures.",
"Superficial is a directional term that indicates that structures are located relatively close to the surface of the body.",
"Comparative anatomy relates to the comparison of anatomical structures (both gross and microscopic) in different animals.",
"Anthropological anatomy or physical anthropology relates to the comparison of the anatomy of different races of humans.",
"Artistic anatomy relates to anatomic studies for artistic reasons."
] |
[
0
] |
Historical accuracy
|
When did Melvin Weinberg begin working for his father?
|
American Hustle
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
5
] |
[
"",
"\"American Hustle\" does not attempt to directly document the events of Abscam.",
"The names are changed, and the film begins with the on-screen message, \"Some of this actually happened\".",
"Major departures from reality include:",
" In the film, Irving Rosenfeld begins a life of criminality when he smashes storefront windows as a child in order to provide more work for his father's glass-installation business.",
"In real life, Melvin Weinberg began working for his father only as an adult.",
"He did smash windows at that point, and according to one article after Abscam was revealed, it was indeed done to shore up business for Weinberg's father.",
"A later report, however, states that it was done at the behest of the local union, to punish businesses who used non-union glaziers.",
" In the film, Camden mayor Carmine Polito is shown as a selfless politician who gets involved in the scam only to provide jobs to his constituents; Irving feels so bad for Carmine that he engineers a reduced sentence for him.",
"In reality, though Camden mayor Angelo Errichetti was widely praised for caring about the people of Camden, he also had a reputation for committing crimes.",
"During the Abscam operation, he offered to get the fake sheikh into illegal businesses such as money counterfeiting and drug smuggling.",
"Though Weinberg developed a fondness for Errichetti as a man who \"didn't beat around the bush\", he made no attempt to protect Errichetti from prosecution.",
" Evelyn Knight, Weinberg's mistress on whom the character of Sydney Prosser is based, was involved in Weinberg's scams, though to a lesser extent than shown in the film; and she was not involved in Abscam.",
"She was also English, not an American impersonating an Englishwoman as shown in the film.",
" Weinberg's wife Cynthia Marie Weinberg, the basis for Rosalyn Rosenfeld, is not known to have had an affair with someone from the mafia, nor did she nearly blow Weinberg's cover.",
" The character of Richie DiMaso is based to some extent on federal agent Tony Amoroso, although in real life Amoroso was just one of a number of agents involved in setting up and executing the scam.",
" In the film, the sheikh is impersonated by a Mexican-American FBI agent with very limited Arabic.",
"In real life, the sheikh was played by two different agents: first briefly by an American, Mike Denehy, who spoke no Arabic, then by a Lebanese-American."
] |
[
2
] |
Main Street, U.S.A.
|
What was Mickey's Toontown Fair replaced with in 2012?
|
Magic Kingdom
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
16
] |
[
"Symbolically, Main Street, U.S.A. represents the park's \"opening credits,\" where guests pass under the train station (the opening curtain,) then view the names of key personnel along the windows of the buildings' upper floors.",
"Many windows bear the name of a fictional business, such as \"Seven Summits Expeditions, Frank G. Wells President\", with each representing a tribute to significant people connected to the Disney company and the development of the Walt Disney World Resort.",
"It features stylistic influences from around the country.",
"Taking its inspiration from New England to Missouri, this design is most noticeable in the four corners in the middle of Main Street, where each of the four corner buildings represents a different architectural style.",
"There is no opera house as there is at Disneyland; instead, there is the Town Square Theater.",
"Also, this is where Christopher George Weaver, the \"mayor\" of Main Street U.S.A., and one of the park's most important figures, resides.",
"Main Street is lined with shops selling merchandise and food.",
"The decor is early-20th century small-town America, inspired by Walt Disney's childhood and the film \"Lady and the Tramp\".",
"City Hall contains the Guest Relations lobby, where cast members provide information and assistance.",
"A working barber shop gives haircuts for a fee.",
"The Emporium carries a wide variety of Disney souvenirs such as plush toys, collectible pins and Mickey-ear hats.",
"Tony’s Town Square Restaurant and The Plaza Restaurant are table-service locations.",
"At the end of Main Street is Casey's Corner, where guests enjoy traditional American ballpark fare including hot dogs and fries while watching old cartoons on the bleachers.",
"The Main Street Confectionary sells sweets priced by their weight, such as candied apples, crisped rice treats, chocolates, cookies and fudge.",
"Most windows bear the name of people who were influential at Disney parks.",
"An example of a classic Main Street, U.S.A. attraction is the narrow gauge Walt Disney World Railroad, which transports guest throughout the park, making stops at Main Street, U.S.A., Fantasyland, and Frontierland.",
"The railroad's previous stop at Mickey's Toontown Fair was replaced by the Fantasyland stop in 2012.",
"Main Street, U.S.A. also has the Main Street Vehicles attraction, which includes a narrow gauge tramway with horse-drawn streetcars, and several old-fashioned motor vehicles.",
"In the distance beyond the end of Main Street stands Cinderella Castle.",
"Though only 189 feet (55m) tall, it benefits from a technique known as forced perspective.",
"The second stories of all the buildings along Main Street are shorter than the first stories, and the third stories are even shorter than the second, and the top windows of the castle are much smaller than they appear.",
"The resulting visual effect is that the buildings appear to be larger and taller than they really are.",
"The park contains two additional tributes: the \"Partners\" statue of Walt Disney and Mickey Mouse in front of Cinderella Castle and the \"Sharing the Magic\" statue of Roy O. Disney sitting with Minnie Mouse in the Town Square section of Main Street, U.S.A.",
"Both were sculpted by veteran Imagineer Blaine Gibson.",
"In 2012, Disney replaced the shop in the Firehouse with a sign up for the Sorcerers of the Magic Kingdom game."
] |
[
0
] |
Descriptions of painting
|
What is the artist's most mysterious and challenging painting and when was it painted?
|
Dora Maar au Chat
| false | 3ART
|
[
1,
10,
11
] |
[
"",
"\"Dora Maar au Chat\" presents the artist's most mysterious and challenging mistress regally posed three-quarter length in a large wooden chair with a small black cat perched behind her in both an amusing and menacing attitude.",
"The faceted planes of her body and richly layered surface of brushstrokes impart a monumental and sculptural quality to this portrait.",
"The painting is also remarkable for its brilliance of colour and the complex and dense patterning of the model's dress.",
"The powerful figure is set in a dramatic, yet simple setting composed of a vertiginously inclined plane of wooden floorboards and shallow interior space that is arranged in a manner reminiscent of Picasso’s earliest manipulations of space in a cubist manner.",
"\"Dora Maar au Chat\" is one of Picasso’s most valued depictions of his lover and artistic companion.",
"Their partnership had been one of intellectual exchange and intense passion—Dora was an artist, spoke Picasso’s native Spanish, and shared his political concerns.",
"She even assisted with the execution of the monumental \"Guernica\" and produced the only photo-documentary of the work in progress.",
"She was an intellectual force – a characteristic that both stimulated and challenged Picasso and her influence on him resulted in some of his most powerful and daring portraits of his 75-year career.",
"Among the best of them are the oils completed during the late 1930s and early 1940s, when Picasso’s art resonated with the drama and emotional upheaval of the era and which Dora came to personify.",
"The luminous \"Dora Maar au Chat\" was painted in 1941, at the beginning of the Second World War in France .",
"Maar was one of the most influential figures in Picasso’s life during their relationship and she also became his primary model.",
"By the time he painted the present picture he had incorporated Dora Maar’s image into countless versions of this motif.",
"During the occupation of Paris by the Nazis, and as tension mounted in their relationship, the artist would express his frustration by furiously abstracting her image, often portraying her in tears.",
"While the present portrait might seem a departure from Picasso's more hostile depictions of this model, it may be one of his most brilliant and biting provocations of his \"Weeping Woman\".",
"Picasso once likened Maar’s allure and temperament to that of an “Afghan cat”, and the cat in this picture is laden with significance.",
"In the history of art, the pairing of cats and women was an allusion to feminine wiles and sexual aggression, as exemplified in Manet’s notorious \"Olympia\".",
"It is also interesting to consider that the artist has paid particular attention to the sharp, talon-like nails on the long fingers of his model.",
"In life Maar’s well-manicured hands were one of her most beautiful and distinctive features, and here they have taken on another, more violent characteristic.",
"In addition to being a rare, three-quarter length portrait of Dora Maar, the present work is also a generous and painterly composition with an extraordinary attention to detail.",
"The artist used an extraordinarily vibrant palette in his rendering of the angles of the chair and the patterning of Maar’s dress.",
"The most embellished and symbolic element of the sitter’s wardrobe in this picture is her hat, Maar’s most famous accessory and signifier of her involvement in the Surrealist movement.",
"Ceremoniously placed atop her head like a crown, it is festooned with colourful plumes and outlined with a band of vibrant red.",
"Larger than life, an impression enhanced by her vibrant body that cannot be confined by the boundaries of the chair, Maar looms in this picture like a pagan goddess seated on her throne."
] |
[
2,
0
] |
Nucleobase classification
|
Is uracil usually found in DNA?
|
DNA
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
2
] |
[
"The nucleobases are classified into two types: the purines, A and G, being fused five- and six-membered heterocyclic compounds, and the pyrimidines, the six-membered rings C and T. A fifth pyrimidine nucleobase, uracil (U), usually takes the place of thymine in RNA and differs from thymine by lacking a methyl group on its ring.",
"In addition to RNA and DNA a large number of artificial nucleic acid analogues have also been created to study the properties of nucleic acids, or for use in biotechnology.",
"Uracil is not usually found in DNA, occurring only as a breakdown product of cytosine.",
"However in a number of bacteriophages – \"Bacillus subtilis\" bacteriophages PBS1 and PBS2 and \"Yersinia\" bacteriophage piR1-37 – thymine has been replaced by uracil.",
"Another phage - Staphylococcal phage S6 - has been identified with a genome where thymine has been replaced by uracil.",
"Base J (beta-d-glucopyranosyloxymethyluracil), a modified form of uracil, is also found in a number of organisms: the flagellates \"Diplonema\" and \"Euglena\", and all the kinetoplastid genera Biosynthesis of J occurs in two steps: in the first step a specific thymidine in DNA is converted into hydroxymethyldeoxyuridine; in the second HOMedU is glycosylated to form J. Proteins that bind specifically to this base have been identified.",
"These proteins appear to be distant relatives of the Tet1 oncogene that is involved in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia.",
"J appears to act as a termination signal for RNA polymerase II."
] |
[] |
Dress
|
How do women wear abayas?
|
Saudi Arabia
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
16
] |
[
"Saudi Arabian dress strictly follows the principles of hijab (the Islamic principle of modesty, especially in dress).",
"The predominantly loose and flowing, but covering, garments are suited to Saudi Arabia's desert climate.",
"Traditionally, men usually wear an ankle length garment woven from wool or cotton (known as a thawb), with a keffiyeh (a large checkered square of cotton held in place by an agal) or a ghutra (a plain white square made of finer cotton, also held in place by an agal) worn on the head.",
"For rare chilly days, Saudi men wear a camel-hair cloak (bisht) over the top.",
"Women's clothes are decorated with tribal motifs, coins, sequins, metallic thread, and appliques.",
"Women are required to wear an abaya or modest clothing when in public.",
" Ghutrah () is a traditional headdress typically worn by Arab men.",
"It is made of a square of cloth (\"scarf\"), usually cotton, folded and wrapped in various styles around the head.",
"It is commonly worn in areas with an arid climate, to provide protection from direct sun exposure, and also protection of the mouth and eyes from blown dust and sand.",
" Agal () is an item of Arab headgear constructed of cord which is fastened around the Ghutrah to hold it in place.",
"The \"agal\" is usually black in colour.",
" Thawb () is the standard Arabic word for garment.",
"It is ankle length, usually with long sleeves similar to a robe.",
" Bisht () is a traditional Arabic men's cloak usually only worn for prestige on special occasions such as weddings.",
" Abaya () is a women's garment.",
"It is a black cloak which loosely covers the entire body except the head.",
"Some women choose to cover their faces with a niqāb and some do not.",
"Some Abayas cover the top of the head as well."
] |
[
5
] |
Defense
|
What are the modes of defense used in water polo?
|
Water polo
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
1,
2,
3,
4
] |
[
"Defensive positions are often the same positionally, but just switched from offense to defense.",
"For example, the centre forward or hole set, who directs the attack on offense, on defense is known as \"hole D\" (also known as set guard, hole guard, hole check, pit defense or two-meter defense), and guards the opposing team's center forward (also called the hole).",
"Defense can be played man-to-man or in zones, such as a 2–4 (four defenders along the goal line).",
"It can also be played as a combination of the two in what is known as an \"M drop\" defense, in which the point defender moves away (\"sloughs off\") his man into a zone in order to better defend the center position.",
"In this defense, the two wing defenders split the area furthest from the goal, allowing them a clearer lane for the counter-attack if their team recovers the ball."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
When was the balcony surrounding the torch closed to public access?
|
Statue of Liberty
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
21
] |
[
"The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: \"La Liberté éclairant le monde\") is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in the middle of New York Harbor, in Manhattan, New York City.",
"The statue, designed by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886, was a gift to the United States from the people of France.",
"The statue is of a robed female figure representing Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, who bears a torch and a \"tabula ansata\" (a tablet evoking the law) upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776.",
"A broken chain lies at her feet.",
"The statue is an icon of freedom and of the United States: a welcoming signal to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"Bartholdi was inspired by French law professor and politician Édouard René de Laboulaye, who is said to have commented in 1865 that any monument raised to American independence would properly be a joint project of the French and American peoples.",
"Due to the troubled political situation in France, work on the statue did not commence until the early 1870s.",
"In 1875, Laboulaye proposed that the French finance the statue and the Americans provide the site and build the pedestal.",
"Bartholdi completed the head and the torch-bearing arm before the statue was fully designed, and these pieces were exhibited for publicity at international expositions.",
"The torch-bearing arm was displayed at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, in 1876, and in New York's Madison Square Park from 1876 to 1882.",
"Fundraising proved difficult, especially for the Americans, and by 1885 work on the pedestal was threatened due to lack of funds.",
"Publisher Joseph Pulitzer of the \"New York World\" started a drive for donations to complete the project that attracted more than 120,000 contributors, most of whom gave less than a dollar.",
"The statue was constructed in France, shipped overseas in crates, and assembled on the completed pedestal on what was then called Bedloe's Island.",
"The statue's completion was marked by New York's first ticker-tape parade and a dedication ceremony presided over by President Grover Cleveland.",
"The statue was administered by the United States Lighthouse Board until 1901 and then by the Department of War; since 1933 it has been maintained by the National Park Service.",
"The statue was closed for renovation for much of 1938.",
"In the early 1980s, it was found to have deteriorated to such an extent that a major restoration was required.",
"While the statue was closed from 1984 to 1986, the torch and a large part of the internal structure were replaced.",
"After the September 11 attacks in 2001, it was closed for reasons of safety and security; the pedestal reopened in 2004 and the statue in 2009, with limits on the number of visitors allowed to ascend to the crown.",
"The statue, including the pedestal and base, was closed for a year until October 28, 2012, so that a secondary staircase and other safety features could be installed; Liberty Island remained open.",
"However, one day after the reopening, Liberty Island closed due to the effects of Hurricane Sandy; the statue and island opened again on July 4, 2013.",
"Public access to the balcony surrounding the torch has been barred for safety reasons since 1916."
] |
[
2
] |
Reception
|
What date was Life is Beautiful released?
|
Life Is Beautiful
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
2
] |
[
"",
"\"Life is Beautiful\" became commercially successful.",
"After Miramax Films released the film on 23 October 1998 in the United States, the film went on to gross $57,563,264 in North America, and $171,600,000 internationally, with a worldwide gross of $229,163,264.",
"It is the highest grossing movie to be made in Italy, and the second highest grossing foreign film in the United States.",
"The film also received mostly positive reviews, with the film aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes giving the film a \"Fresh\" 80% rating.",
"Despite its acclaim, actor-director Roberto Benigni received criticism for its comedic elements incorporated into the backdrop of the Holocaust.",
"Roger Ebert gave the film 3 1/2 stars, stating, \"At Cannes, it offended some left-wing critics with its use of humor in connection with the Holocaust.",
"What may be most offensive to both wings is its sidestepping of politics in favor of simple human ingenuity.",
"The film finds the right notes to negotiate its delicate subject matter.\""
] |
[
0
] |
Cuisine
|
Pork is the most popular meat in China but about what percentage of China's total meat consumption comes from pork?
|
China
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
3
] |
[
"Chinese cuisine is highly diverse, drawing on several millennia of culinary history.",
"The dynastic emperors of ancient China were known to have many dining chambers in their palaces, with each chamber divided into several departments, each responsible for a specific type of dish.",
"China's staple food is rice.",
"Pork is the most popular meat in China, accounting for about three-fourths of the country's total meat consumption.",
"Spices are central to Chinese cuisine.",
"Numerous foreign offshoots of Chinese food, such as Hong Kong cuisine and American Chinese food, have emerged in the various nations that play host to the Chinese diaspora."
] |
[
0
] |
Health and education
|
What are levels of giving in England
|
Dissolution of the Monasteries
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
7
] |
[
"The Act of 1539 also provided for the suppression of religious hospitals; which had constituted in England a distinct class of institution, endowed for the purpose of caring for older people.",
"A very few of these, such as Saint Bartholomew's Hospital in London, were excepted by special royal dispensation, but most closed, their residents being discharged with small pensions.",
"Monasteries had also supplied free food and alms for the poor and destitute, and it has been argued that the removal of this and other charitable resources, amounting to about 5% of net monastic income, was one of the factors in the creation of the army of \"sturdy beggars\" that plagued late Tudor England, causing the social instability that led to the Edwardian and Elizabethan Poor Laws.",
"Monasteries had necessarily undertaken schooling for their novice members, which in the later medieval period had tended to extend to cover choristers and sometimes other younger scholars; and all this educational resource was lost with their dissolution.",
"By contrast, where monasteries had provided grammar schools for older scholars, these were commonly refounded with enhanced endowments; some by royal command in connection to the newly re-established cathedral churches, others by private initiative.",
"Monastic orders had maintained, for the education of their members, six colleges at the universities of Oxford or Cambridge; of which five survived as refoundations.",
"Hospitals too were frequently to be re-endowed by private benefactors; and many new almshouses and charities were to be founded by the Elizabethan gentry and professional classes.",
"Nevertheless, it has been estimated that only in 1580 did overall levels of charitable giving in England return to those before the dissolution.",
"On the eve of the overthrow, the various monasteries owned approximately 2,000,000 acres (just under 8 100 km²), over 16 percent of England, with tens of thousands of tenant farmers working those lands; some of whom had family ties to a particular monastery going back many generations."
] |
[
0
] |
Alleged copyright infringement
|
Who was Robert Hughes's brother?
|
Prison Break
| false | 1TV
|
[
2
] |
[
"On October 24, 2006, the Associated Press reported that Donald and Robert Hughes filed a lawsuit against Fox Broadcasting Company and the show's executive producer and creator, Paul Scheuring, for copyright infringement, seeking unspecified damages and other costs.",
"They claimed that in 2001, they had sent Fox their manuscript which was based on their own experiences of a prison break at a juvenile facility.",
"In the 1960s, Donald Hughes planned and successfully executed a prison escape for his brother, Robert Hughes, who was wrongfully incarcerated."
] |
[
3
] |
Medical concerns
|
In what country was boxing banned until 2007?
|
Boxing
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
15
] |
[
"Knocking a person unconscious or even causing concussion may cause permanent brain damage.",
"There is no clear division between the force required to knock a person out and the force likely to kill a person.",
"Since 1980, more than 200 amateur boxers, professional boxers and Toughman fighters have died due to ring or training injuries.",
"In 1983, the \"Journal of the American Medical Association\" called for a ban on boxing.",
"The editor, Dr. George Lundberg, called boxing an \"obscenity\" that \"should not be sanctioned by any civilized society.\"",
"Since then, the British, Canadian and Australian Medical Associations also have called for bans on boxing.",
"Supporters of the ban state that boxing is the only sport where hurting the other athlete is the goal.",
"Dr. Bill O'Neill, boxing spokesman for the British Medical Association, has supported the BMA's proposed ban on boxing: \"It is the only sport where the intention is to inflict serious injury on your opponent, and we feel that we must have a total ban on boxing.\"",
"Opponents respond that such a position is misguided opinion, stating that amateur boxing is scored solely according to total connecting blows with no award for \"injury\".",
"They observe that many skilled professional boxers have had rewarding careers without inflicting injury on opponents by accumulating scoring blows and avoiding punches winning rounds scored 10-9 by the 10-point must system, and they note that there are many other sports where concussions are much more prevalent.",
"In 2007, one study of amateur boxers showed that protective headgear did not prevent brain damage, and another found that amateur boxers faced a high risk of brain damage.",
"The Gothenburg study analyzed temporary levels of neurofiliment light in cerebral spinal fluid which they conclude is evidence of damage, even though the levels soon subside.",
"More comprehensive studies of neurologiocal function on larger samples performed by Johns Hopkins University and accident rates analyzed by National Safety Council show amateur boxing is a comparatively safe sport.",
"In 1997, the American Association of Professional Ringside Physicians was established to create medical protocols through research and education to prevent injuries in boxing.",
"Professional boxing is forbidden in Norway, Iceland, Iran and North Korea.",
"It was banned in Sweden until 2007 when the ban was lifted but strict restrictions, including four three-minute rounds for fights, were imposed.",
"It was banned in Albania from 1965 till the fall of Communism in 1991; it is now legal."
] |
[
0
] |
40th anniversary events
|
When did Life.com release their photo gallery?
|
Apollo 11
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
0
] |
[
"On July 15, 2009, Life.com released a photo gallery of previously unpublished photos of the astronauts taken by \"Life\" photographer Ralph Morse prior to the Apollo 11 launch.",
"From July 16–24, 2009, NASA streamed the original mission audio on its website in real time 40 years to the minute after the events occurred.",
"In addition, it is in the process of restoring the video footage and has released a preview of key moments.",
"On July 20, 2009, the crew of Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins met with U.S. President Barack Obama at the White House.",
"\"We expect that there is, as we speak, another generation of kids out there who are looking up at the sky and are going to be the next Armstrong, Collins and Aldrin,\" Obama said.",
"\"We want to make sure that NASA is going to be there for them when they want to take their journey.",
"\"The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum set up a Flash website that rebroadcasts the transmissions of Apollo 11 from launch to landing on the Moon.",
"A group of British scientists interviewed as part of the anniversary events reflected on the significance of the Moon landing:It was carried out in a technically brilliant way with risks taken ... that would be inconceivable in the risk-averse world of today ...",
"The Apollo programme is arguably the greatest technical achievement of mankind to date ... nothing since Apollo has come close the excitement that was generated by those astronauts - Armstrong, Aldrin and the 10 others who followed them.",
"On August 7, 2009, an act of Congress awarded the three astronauts a Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States.",
"The bill was sponsored by Florida Sen. Bill Nelson and Florida Rep. Alan Grayson.",
"In July 2010, air to ground voice recordings and film footage shot in Mission Control during the Apollo 11 powered descent and landing was re-synchronised and released for the first time."
] |
[
2
] |
Initial air attacks
|
How many bombers took off from Midway?
|
Battle of Midway
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
3
] |
[
"Initial air attacks.",
"At about 09:00 on 3 June, Ensign Jack Reid, piloting a PBY from US Navy patrol squadron VP-44, spotted the Japanese Occupation Force some to the west-southwest of Midway.",
"He mistakenly reported this group as the Main Force.",
"Nine B-17s took off from Midway at 12:30 for the first air attack.",
"Three hours later, they found the Japanese Tanaka's transport group to the west.",
"Under heavy anti-aircraft fire, they dropped their bombs.",
"Though hits were reported, none of the bombs actually hit and no significant damage was inflicted.",
"Early the following morning Japanese oil tanker \"Akebono Maru\" sustained the first hit when a torpedo from an attacking PBY struck her around 01:00.",
"This was the only successful air-launched torpedo attack by the U.S. during the entire battle.",
"At 04:30 on 4 June, Nagumo launched his initial attack on Midway itself, consisting of 36 Aichi D3A dive bombers and 36 Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers, escorted by 36 Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters.",
"At the same time he launched a defensive combat air patrol (CAP) with his eight search aircraft (one from the heavy cruiser launched 30 minutes late due to technical difficulties).",
"Japanese reconnaissance arrangements were flimsy, with too few aircraft to adequately cover the assigned search areas, laboring under poor weather conditions to the northeast and east of the task force.",
"Yamamoto's faulty dispositions had now become a serious liability.",
"As Nagumo's bombers and fighters were taking off, 11 PBYs were leaving Midway to run their search patterns.",
"At 05:30, PBY reported sighting two Japanese carriers with empty decks, indicating an air strike en route.",
"American radar picked up the enemy at a distance of several miles, and interceptors were scrambled.",
"Unescorted bombers headed off to attack the Japanese carrier fleet, their fighter escorts remaining behind to defend Midway.",
"At 06:20 Japanese carrier aircraft bombed and heavily damaged the U.S. base.",
"Midway-based Marine fighters, which included 7 F4Fs and 21 F2As, intercepted the Japanese and suffered heavy losses, though they managed to destroy four B5Ns and at least three A6Ms.",
"Within the first few minutes, 3 F4Fs and 13 F2As were destroyed, while most of the surviving U.S. planes were damaged, with only two remained airworthy.",
"American anti-aircraft fire was accurate and intense, destroying four additional Japanese aircraft and damaging many more.",
"Of the 108 Japanese aircraft involved in this attack, 11 were destroyed, 14 were heavily damaged, and 29 were damaged to some degree.",
"The initial Japanese attack did not succeed in neutralizing Midway: American bombers could still use the airbase to refuel and attack the Japanese invasion force, and most of Midway's land-based defenses were intact.",
"Japanese pilots reported to Nagumo that another aerial attack to soften Midway's defences would be necessary if troops were to go ashore by 7 June.",
"Having taken off prior to the Japanese attack, American bombers based on Midway made several attacks on the Japanese carrier fleet.",
"These included six Grumman Avengers, detached to Midway from the s VT-8 (Midway was the first combat mission for the VT-8 airmen, and it was the combat debut of the TBF), Marine Scout-Bombing Squadron 241 (VMSB-241), consisting of eleven SB2U-3s and sixteen SBDs, plus four USAAF B-26s, armed with torpedoes, and fifteen B-17s.",
"The Japanese repelled these attacks for the loss of two fighters, destroying five TBFs, two SB2Us, eight SBDs and two B-26s.",
"The first Marine aviator to perish in the battle, Major Lofton R. Henderson of VMSB-241, was killed while leading his inexperienced Dauntless squadron into action.",
"The main airfield at Guadalcanal was named Henderson Field after him in August 1942; two civil airports also bear this name.",
"One B-26, after being seriously damaged by anti-aircraft fire, veered into a steep dive straight toward the \"Akagi\".",
"Making no attempt to pull out of its run, the aircraft narrowly missed crashing directly into the carrier's bridge, which could potentially have killed Nagumo and his command staff.",
"This experience may well have contributed to Nagumo's determination to launch another attack on Midway, in direct violation of Yamamoto's order to keep the reserve strike force armed for anti-ship operations."
] |
[
5
] |
History
|
When was the Quanjude restaurant established in Beijing?
|
Peking duck
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
7
] |
[
"Duck has been roasted in China since the Southern and Northern Dynasties.",
"A variation of roast duck was prepared for the Emperor of China in the Yuan Dynasty.",
"The dish, originally named \"Shaoyazi\" (燒鴨子), was mentioned in the \"Complete Recipes for Dishes and Beverages\" (飲膳正要) manual in 1330 by Hu Sihui (忽思慧), an inspector of the imperial kitchen.",
"The Peking Roast Duck that came to be associated with the term was fully developed during the later Ming Dynasty, and by then, Peking Duck was one of the main dishes on imperial court menus.",
"The first restaurant specialising in Peking Duck, Bianyifang, was established in the Xianyukou, Qianmen area of Beijing in 1416.",
"By the Qianlong Period (1736–1796) of the Qing Dynasty, the popularity of Peking Duck spread to the upper classes, inspiring poetry from poets and scholars who enjoyed the dish.",
"For instance, one of the verses of \"Duan Zhu Zhi Ci\", a collection of Beijing poems was, \"Fill your plates with roast duck and suckling pig\".",
"In 1864, the Quanjude (全聚德) restaurant was established in Beijing.",
"Yang Quanren (楊全仁), the founder of Quanjude, developed the hung oven to roast ducks.",
"With its innovations and efficient management, the restaurant became well known in China, introducing the Peking Duck to the rest of the world.",
"By the mid-20th century, Peking Duck had become a national symbol of China, favored by tourists and diplomats alike.",
"For example, Henry Kissinger, the Secretary of State of the United States, met Premier Zhou Enlai in the Great Hall of the People on July 10, during his first visit to China.",
"After a round of inconclusive talks in the morning, the delegation was served Peking Duck for lunch, which became Kissinger's favourite.",
"The Americans and Chinese issued a joint statement the following day, inviting President Richard Nixon to visit China in 1972.",
"Peking Duck was hence considered one of the factors behind the rapprochement of the United States to China in the 1970s.",
"Following Zhou's death in 1976, Kissinger paid another visit to Beijing to savor Peking Duck.",
"Peking Duck, at the Quanjude in particular, has also been a favorite dish for various political leaders ranging from Cuban revolutionary Fidel Castro to former German chancellor Helmut Kohl."
] |
[
2
] |
Plot
|
Who plays Piper Chapman in Orange is the New Black?
|
Orange Is the New Black
| false | 1TV
|
[
0
] |
[
"The series revolves around Piper Chapman (Taylor Schilling), a woman living in New York City who is sentenced to 15 months in a women's federal prison for transporting a suitcase full of drug money to her former girlfriend, Alex Vause (Laura Prepon), who is an international drug smuggler.",
"The offense occurred ten years prior to the start of the series, and in that time Piper had moved on to a quiet, law-abiding life among New York's upper middle class.",
"While in prison, Piper is reunited with Alex, and they re-examine their relationship and deal with the tough inmates."
] |
[
3
] |
Oxidation and reduction
|
Elements that give electrons and can oxidize what what property about them?
|
Chemical reaction
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
12
] |
[
"Redox reactions can be understood in terms of transfer of electrons from one involved species (reducing agent) to another (oxidizing agent).",
"In this process, the former species is \"oxidized\" and the latter is \"reduced\".",
"Though sufficient for many purposes, these descriptions are not precisely correct.",
"Oxidation is better defined as an increase in oxidation state, and reduction as a decrease in oxidation state.",
"In practice, the transfer of electrons will always change the oxidation state, but there are many reactions that are classed as \"redox\" even though no electron transfer occurs (such as those involving covalent bonds).",
"In the following redox reaction, hazardous sodium metal reacts with toxic chlorine gas to form the ionic compound sodium chloride, or common table salt:",
"formula_21",
"In the reaction, sodium metal goes from an oxidation state of 0 (as it is a pure element) to +1: in other words, the sodium lost one electron and is said to have been oxidized.",
"On the other hand, the chlorine gas goes from an oxidation of 0 (it is also a pure element) to -1: the chlorine gains one electron and is said to have been reduced.",
"Because the chlorine is the one reduced, it is considered the electron acceptor, or in other words, induces oxidation in the sodium - thus the chlorine gas is considered the oxidizing agent.",
"Conversely, the sodium is oxidized or is the electron donor, and thus induces reduction in the other species and is considered the \"reducing agent\".",
"Which of the involved reactants would be reducing or oxidizing agent can be predicted from the electronegativity of their elements.",
"Elements with low electronegativity, such as most metals, easily donate electrons and oxidize – they are reducing agents.",
"On the contrary, many ions with high oxidation numbers, such as , , , , can gain one or two extra electrons and are strong oxidizing agents.",
"The number of electrons donated or accepted in a redox reaction can be predicted from the electron configuration of the reactant element.",
"Elements try to reach the low-energy noble gas configuration, and therefore alkali metals and halogens will donate and accept one electron respectively.",
"Noble gases themselves are chemically inactive.",
"An important class of redox reactions are the electrochemical reactions, where electrons from the power supply are used as the reducing agent.",
"These reactions are particularly important for the production of chemical elements, such as chlorine or aluminium.",
"The reverse process in which electrons are released in redox reactions and can be used as electrical energy is possible and used in batteries."
] |
[
0
] |
Composition and lyrics
|
Who co-wrote Taylor Swift's "We are never ever getting back together"?
|
We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
5
] |
[
"The three minute and twelve second song features electronic heavy production and a pop music vocal styling, a musical transition for Swift.",
"An alternate edition was recorded for country radio featuring a different instrumental arrangement.",
"The country arrangement replaced the guitar, drum machine, and synthesisers with a banjo, mandolin, fiddle, steel guitar and snare drums.",
"It was written in the key of G Major with a common time signature and a slow tempo of eighty-six beats per minute Moderate Rock beat, with Swift's vocals spanning one octave & four notes, from G3 to D5.",
"The track features an acoustic guitar (some of its sounds are reversed) and various synthesizers over an electronic drum beat.",
"The song was written by Swift, along with Max Martin and Shellback.",
"The lyrics discuss Swift's frustration towards a former male lover who wants to rekindle their relationship."
] |
[
3
] |
Abstract
|
Who sang Every Breath You Take and how did it perform?
|
Every Breath You Take
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
7,
9,
10
] |
[
"\"Every Breath You Take\" is a song by The Police on the band's 1983 album \"Synchronicity\", written by Sting.",
"The single entered the charts at position 36 on 4 June 1983.",
"The single was one of the biggest hits of 1983, topping the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for eight weeks and the UK Singles Chart for four weeks.",
"It also topped the \"Billboard\" Top Tracks chart for nine weeks.",
"At the 26th Annual Grammy Awards the song was nominated for three Grammy Awards including Song of the Year, Record of the Year, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals.",
"Sting won Song of the Year while The Police won Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals; however, it did not win Record of the Year.",
"The song ranked No.",
"84 on the \"Rolling Stone\" list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time the highest position of any new wave rock song.",
"It also ranked No.",
"25 on \"Billboard\"'s Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs.",
"The song is considered to be The Police's signature song, and in 2010 was estimated to generate between a quarter and a third of Sting's music publishing income.",
"In the USA, Every Breath You Take was the best-selling single of 1983 and fifth best-selling single of the decade."
] |
[
5,
3
] |
Clothing and fashion
|
In what city is the Pakistan Fashion Design Council?
|
Pakistan
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
8
] |
[
"The shalwar kameez is the national dress of Pakistan and is worn by men and women in all four provinces Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa and FATA in the country and in Azad Kashmir.",
"Each province has its own style of wearing the Shalwar Qameez.",
"Pakistanis wairclothes range from exquisite colors and designs to the type of fabric (silk, chiffon, cotton, etc.",
"Pakistani fashion has flourished well in the changing environment of fashion world.",
"Since Pakistan came into being its fashion has been historically evolved from different phases and made its unique identity apart from Indian fashion and culture.",
"At this time, Pakistani fashion is a combination of traditional and modern dresses and it has become the cultural identification of Pakistan.",
"Despite of all modern trends, the regional and traditional dresses have developed their own significance as a symbol of native tradition.",
"This regional fashion is not static but evolving into more modern and pure forms.",
"The Pakistan Fashion Design Council based in Lahore organizes \"Fashion Week\" and Fashion Pakistan based in Karachi organizes fashion shows in that city.",
"Pakistan’s first fashion week was held in November 2009."
] |
[
0
] |
German leadership
|
For what reason was Von Rundstedt taken down from his command?
|
Invasion of Normandy
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
9
] |
[
"German commanders at all levels failed to react to the assault phase in a timely manner.",
"Communications problems exacerbated the difficulties caused by Allied air and naval firepower.",
"Local commanders also seemed incapable of the task of fighting an aggressive defense on the beach, as Rommel envisioned.",
"The German High Command remained fixated on the Calais area, and von Rundstedt was not permitted to commit the armoured reserve.",
"When it was finally released late in the day, any chance of success was much more difficult.",
"Overall, despite considerable Allied material superiority, the Germans kept the Allies bottled up in a small beachhead for nearly two months, aided immeasurably by terrain factors.",
"Although there were several known disputes among the Allied commanders, their tactics and strategy were essentially determined by agreement between the main commanders.",
"By contrast, the German leaders were bullied and their decisions interfered with by Hitler, controlling the battle from a distance with little knowledge of local conditions.",
"Field Marshals von Rundstedt and Rommel repeatedly asked Hitler for more discretion but were refused.",
"Von Rundstedt was removed from his command on 29 June after he bluntly told the Chief of Staff at Hitler's Armed Forces HQ (Field Marshal Keitel) to \"Make peace, you idiots!\"",
"Rommel was severely injured by Allied aircraft on 17 July.",
"The German commanders also suffered in the quality of the available troops.",
"Sixty thousand of the 850,000 in Rundstedt's command were raised from the many prisoners of war captured on the Eastern Front.",
"These \"Ost\" units had volunteered to fight against Stalin, but when instead unwisely used to defend France against the Western Allies, ended up being unreliable.",
"Many surrendered or deserted at the first available opportunity."
] |
[
0
] |
Critter Country
|
What year did Critter Country open its doors?
|
Disneyland
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
0
] |
[
"Critter Country opened in 1972 as \"Bear Country\", and was renamed in 1988.",
"Formerly the area was home to Indian Village, where indigenous tribespeople demonstrated their dances and other customs.",
"Today, the main draw of the area is Splash Mountain, a log-flume journey inspired by the Uncle Remus stories of Joel Chandler Harris and the animated segments of Disney's Academy Award-winning 1946 film, \"Song of the South\".",
"In 2003, a dark ride called The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh replaced the Country Bear Jamboree, which closed in 2001.",
"The attraction is still open in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom."
] |
[
0
] |
Geography
|
How long is The United Arab Emiates border with Saudi Arabia?
|
United Arab Emirates
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
2
] |
[
"The United Arab Emirates is situated in Southwest Asia, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia; it is in a strategic location along southern approaches to the Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil.",
"The UAE lies between 22°30' and 26°10' north latitude and between 51° and 56°25′ east longitude.",
"It shares a 530-kilometer border with Saudi Arabia on the west, south, and southeast, and a 450-kilometer border with Oman on the southeast and northeast.",
"The land border with Qatar in the Khawr al Udayd area is about nineteen kilometers () in the northwest; however, it is a source of ongoing dispute.",
"Following Britain's military departure from UAE in 1971, and its establishment as a new state, the UAE laid claim to islands resulting in disputes with Iran that remain unresolved.",
"UAE also disputes claim on other islands against the neighboring state of Qatar.",
"The largest emirate, Abu Dhabi, accounts for 87% of the UAE's total area ().",
"The smallest emirate, Ajman, encompasses only (see figure).",
"The UAE coast stretches for more than along the southern shore of the Persian Gulf.",
"Most of the coast consists of salt pans that extend far inland.",
"The largest natural harbor is at Dubai, although other ports have been dredged at Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, and elsewhere.",
"Numerous islands are found in the Persian Gulf, and the ownership of some of them has been the subject of international disputes with both Iran and Qatar.",
"The smaller islands, as well as many coral reefs and shifting sandbars, are a menace to navigation.",
"Strong tides and occasional windstorms further complicate ship movements near the shore.",
"The UAE also has a stretch of the Al Bāţinah coast of the Gulf of Oman, although the Musandam Peninsula, the very tip of Arabia by the Strait of Hormuz is an exclave of Oman separated by the UAE.",
"South and west of Abu Dhabi, vast, rolling sand dunes merge into the Rub al-Khali (Empty Quarter) of Saudi Arabia.",
"The desert area of Abu Dhabi includes two important oases with adequate underground water for permanent settlements and cultivation.",
"The extensive Liwa Oasis is in the south near the undefined border with Saudi Arabia.",
"About to the northeast of Liwa is the Al-Buraimi oasis, which extends on both sides of the Abu Dhabi-Oman border.",
"Lake Zakher is a man-made lake near the border with Oman.",
"Prior to withdrawing from the area in 1971, Britain delineated the internal borders among the seven emirates in order to preempt territorial disputes that might hamper formation of the federation.",
"In general, the rulers of the emirates accepted the British intervention, but in the case of boundary disputes between Abu Dhabi and Dubai, and also between Dubai and Sharjah, conflicting claims were not resolved until after the UAE became independent.",
"The most complicated borders were in the Al-Hajar al-Gharbi Mountains, where five of the emirates contested jurisdiction over more than a dozen enclaves."
] |
[
5
] |
Episode title quotes
|
Give the title of the episode of The Amazing Race 21 created by Natalie.
|
The Amazing Race 21
| false | 1TV
|
[
5
] |
[
"Episode titles are often taken from quotes made by the racers.",
" \"Double Your Money (Shanghai, China)\" – \"Phil Keoghan\"",
" \"Long Hair, Don't Care (Surabaya, Indonesia)\" – \"Jaymes\"",
" \"There's No Crying in Baseball (Bangil, Indonesia)\" – \"Brittany\"",
" \"Funky Monkey (Dhaka, Bangladesh)\" – \"Abbie\"",
" \"Chill Out, Freak (Dhaka, Bangladesh)\" – \"Natalie\"",
" \"Get Your Sexy On (Istanbul, Turkey)\" – \"Nadiya\"",
" \"Off to See the Wizard (Moscow, Russia)\" – \"James\" ",
" \"We Was Robbed (Moscow, Russia)\" – \"James\" ",
" \"Fishy Kiss (Amsterdam, Netherlands)\" – \"Nadiya\"",
" \"Not a Well-Rounded Athlete (Mallorca, Spain)\" – \"James\" ",
" \"Take Down That Million (Loire Valley, France & New York City, New York)\" – \"Trey\""
] |
[] |
Intimachay and the Royal Feast of the Sun
|
On which side of Machu Picchu is Intimachay located?
|
Machu Picchu
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
9
] |
[
"Intimachay is a special cave designed to celebrate and observe the Royal Feast of the Sun.",
"This festival was only to be celebrated by nobility in the Incan month of Capac Raymi and was associated with the December solstice.",
"The festival would begin earlier in the month and would conclude on the solstice.",
"On this day, boys of nobility would be initiated into manhood by conducting an ear-piercing ritual as they watched the sun rise from within the cave.",
"Architecturally, Intimachay is the most significant structure located at Machu Picchu.",
"Its entrances, walls, steps and windows are all comprised with some of the finest masonry found in Incan Empire.",
"The cave also includes a unique tunnel-like window which cannot be found in any other Incan structure.",
"This window was strategically constructed to only allow sunlight into the cave for a span of several days around the time of the December solstice.",
"For this reason, the cave was inaccessible for much of the year.",
"Intimachay is located on the eastern side of Machu Picchu, just north of the \"Condor Stone.\"",
"Many of the caves surrounding this area were prehistorically used as tombs, yet there is no evidence to suggest that it too was a burial ground."
] |
[] |
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