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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Applications
|
Regarding pyrotechnics and welding, what does a thermite reaction generate?
|
Chemical reaction
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
4
] |
[
"Chemical reactions are central to chemical engineering where they are used for the synthesis of new compounds from natural raw materials such as petroleum and mineral ores.",
"It is essential to make the reaction as efficient as possible, maximizing the yield and minimizing the amount of reagents, energy inputs and waste.",
"Catalysts are especially helpful for reducing the energy required for the reaction and increasing its reaction rate.",
"Some specific reactions have their niche applications.",
"For example, the thermite reaction is used to generate light and heat in pyrotechnics and welding.",
"Although it is less controllable than the more conventional oxy-fuel welding, arc welding and flash welding, it requires much less equipment and is still used to mend rails, especially in remote areas."
] |
[
0
] |
Death
|
When did Claude Monet pass away and what did he die of?
|
Claude Monet
| false | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"Monet died of lung cancer on 5 December 1926 at the age of 86 and is buried in the Giverny church cemetery.",
"Monet had insisted that the occasion be simple; thus only about fifty people attended the ceremony.",
"His home, garden, and waterlily pond were bequeathed by his son Michel, his only heir, to the French Academy of Fine Arts (part of the Institut de France) in 1966.",
"Through the \"Fondation Claude Monet\", the house and gardens were opened for visits in 1980, following restoration.",
"In addition to souvenirs of Monet and other objects of his life, the house contains his collection of Japanese woodcut prints.",
"The house and garden, along with the \"Museum of Impressionism Giverny,\" are major attractions in Giverny, which hosts tourists from all over the world. "
] |
[
2,
0
] |
In Norway
|
Who brought kebobs to Norway in the 1980's?
|
Kebab
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
0
] |
[
"In Norway, the kebab was introduced by Pakistani and Turkish immigrants during the 1980s.",
"The kebab has become a symbol of immigration from the Muslim world, and speaking Norwegian with an Arab accent or with a lot of words and expressions borrowed from the Pakistani, Turkish, Arabic, and Persian languages is sometimes referred to as \"Kebabnorsk\" (Kebab Norwegian).",
"The kebabs in Norway are served in a variety of ways, commonly in fast-food shops selling both hamburgers and kebabs.",
"The kebab roll has become increasingly popular, with the kebab not served in pita bread, but rather wrapped in pizza dough (making it look like a spring roll) for easy consumption.",
"The most \"Norwegian\" kebab to date is probably the whalemeat kebab sold at the Inferno Metal Festival.",
"As of 2008, the average price of the kebab in Norway lies around 65 kroner, or about €8.",
"In Bergen the average price of a kebab is around 50 kr.",
"In Bergen kebab is most commonly served in the dürüm variety, with two types of sauces, one standard and one optional hot chili variety.",
"The Norwegian Food Safety Authority in 2007 issued a warning about cheap kebabs.",
"According to \"Verdens Gang\" they estimated that more than 80% of kebab shops in Oslo use illegally produced meat.",
"It was warned that such meat could be dangerous to eat because it could contain salmonella or other bacteria, and that it could be connected to organised crime."
] |
[
3
] |
Official disapproval and attempts to ban football
|
When was football banned in England?
|
Football
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
2
] |
[
"Numerous attempts have been made to ban football games, particularly the most rowdy and disruptive forms.",
"This was especially the case in England and in other parts of Europe, during the Middle Ages and early modern period.",
"Between 1324 and 1667, football was banned in England alone by more than 30 royal and local laws.",
"The need to repeatedly proclaim such laws demonstrated the difficulty in enforcing bans on popular games.",
"King Edward II was so troubled by the unruliness of football in London that on April 13, 1314 he issued a proclamation banning it: \"Forasmuch as there is great noise in the city caused by hustling over large balls from which many evils may arise which God forbid; we command and forbid, on behalf of the King, on pain of imprisonment, such game to be used in the city in the future.",
"\"The reasons for the ban by Edward III, on June 12, 1349, were explicit: football and other recreations distracted the populace from practicing archery, which was necessary for war.",
"In 1424, the Parliament of Scotland passed a Football Act that stated \"it is statut and the king forbiddis that na man play at the fut ball under the payne of iiij d\" – in other words, playing football was made illegal, and punishable by a fine of four pence.",
"By 1608, the local authorities in Manchester were complaining that: \"With the ffotebale...hath beene greate disorder in our towne of Manchester we are told, and glasse windowes broken yearlye and spoyled by a companie of lewd and disordered persons ...\" That same year, the word\"football\" was used disapprovingly by William Shakespeare.",
"Shakespeare's play \"King Lear\" contains the line: \"Nor tripped neither, you base football player\" (Act I, Scene 4).",
"Shakespeare also mentions the game in \"A Comedy of Errors\" (Act II, Scene 1):\"Spurn\" literally means \"to kick away\", thus implying that the game involved kicking a ball between players.",
"King James I of England's \"Book of Sports\" (1618) however, instructs Christians to play at football every Sunday afternoon after worship.",
"The book's aim appears to be an attempt to offset the strictness of the Puritans regarding the keeping of the Sabbath."
] |
[
2
] |
German plan
|
What number of assaults were to come together at Warsaw during the invasion of Poland?
|
Invasion of Poland
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
19
] |
[
"Details of the campaign.",
"German plan.",
"The September Campaign was devised by General Franz Halder, chief of the general staff, and directed by General Walther von Brauchitsch, the commander in chief of the upcoming campaign.",
"It called for the start of hostilities before a declaration of war, and pursued a doctrine of mass encirclement and destruction of enemy forces.",
"The infantry—far from completely mechanized but fitted with fast moving artillery and logistic support—was to be supported by \"Panzers\" and small numbers of truck-mounted infantry (the \"Schützen\" regiments, forerunners of the \"panzergrenadiers\") to assist the rapid movement of troops and concentrate on localized parts of the enemy front, eventually isolating segments of the enemy, surrounding, and destroying them.",
"The pre-war \"armored idea\" (which an American journalist in 1939 dubbed \"Blitzkrieg\")—which was advocated by some generals, including Heinz Guderian—would have had the armor punching holes in the enemy's front and ranging deep into rear areas; in actuality, the campaign in Poland would be fought along more traditional lines.",
"This stemmed from conservatism on the part of the German high command, who mainly restricted the role of armor and mechanized forces to supporting the conventional infantry divisions.",
"Poland's terrain was well suited for mobile operations when the weather cooperated; the country had flat plains with long frontiers totalling almost , Poland's long border with Germany on the west and north—facing East Prussia—extended .",
"Those had been lengthened by another on the southern side in the aftermath of the Munich Agreement of 1938.",
"The German incorporation of Bohemia and Moravia and creation of the German puppet state of Slovakia meant that Poland's southern flank was exposed.",
"Hitler demanded that Poland be conquered in six weeks, but German planners thought that it would require three months.",
"They intended to fully exploit their long border with the great enveloping manoeuver of \"Fall Weiss\".",
"German units were to invade Poland from three directions:",
"A main attack over the western Polish border.",
"This was to be carried out by Army Group South commanded by General Gerd von Rundstedt, attacking from German Silesia and from the Moravian and Slovak border: General Johannes Blaskowitz's 8th Army was to drive eastward against Łódź; General Wilhelm List's 14th Army was to push on toward Kraków and to turn the Poles' Carpathian flank; and General Walter von Reichenau's 10th Army, in the centre with Army Group South's armor, was to deliver the decisive blow with a northeastward thrust into the heart of Poland.",
"A second route of attack from northern Prussia.",
"General Fedor von Bock commanded Army Group North, comprising General Georg von Küchler's 3rd Army, which was to strike southward from East Prussia, and General Günther von Kluge's 4th Army, which was to attack eastward across the base of the Polish Corridor.",
"A tertiary attack by part of Army Group South's allied Slovak units from Slovakia.",
"From within Poland, the German minority would assist by engaging in diversion and sabotage operations through \"Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz\" units prepared before the war.",
"All three assaults were to converge on Warsaw, while the main Polish army was to be encircled and destroyed west of the Vistula.",
"\"Fall Weiss\" was initiated on 1 September 1939, and was the first operation of Second World War in Europe."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
What singer released "Jingle Bell Rock" in 1958?
|
Jingle Bell Rock
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
0
] |
[
"\"Jingle Bell Rock\" is a popular Christmas song first released by Bobby Helms in 1958.",
"It has received frequent airplay in the United States during every Christmas time since then.",
"\"Jingle Bell Rock\" was composed by Joseph Carleton Beal (1900–1967), and James Ross Boothe (1917–1976).",
"Beal was a Massachusetts-born public relations man and longtime resident of South Ocean Avenue in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Boothe was a Texan writer in the advertising business."
] |
[
0
] |
Analysis and commentary
|
Who compared Zuckenberg's to Norman Lear regarding influence on Modern Family?
|
Modern Family
| true | 1TV
|
[
0
] |
[
"In \"The New York Times\", Bruce Feiler called attention to how the show depicts the increasing way communications technology shapes the way people perceive others, even family members. \"",
"is surely the first family comedy that incorporates its own hashtag of simultaneous self-analysis directly into the storyline,\" he writes.",
"\"Mark Zuckerberg may be a greater influence on \"Modern Family\" than Norman Lear.",
"\"The show's writers and actors agree.",
"\"We used to talk about how cellphones killed the sitcom because no one ever goes to anyone's house anymore\" for routine information, Abraham Higginbotham told Feiler.",
"\"We embrace technology so it's part of the story.\"",
"Ty Burrell draws on Fran Lebowitz's observation that there is no institution other than media.",
"\"I had this little flash of Phil—and me—that we are parsing our personality together externally from how people perceive us.",
"\"James Parker said that \"The American family circa 2011 is, after all, an acutely self-conscious and self-interrogating unit: How does one 'parent'?",
"Who does what, which 'role'?",
"Is Dad sufficiently dad-like and Mom enough of a mom?\"",
"he writes.",
"\"\"Modern Family\" taps right into all this, the cameras that lurch through its three households producing the sensation of a wild and shaky experiment, recorded for purposes educational or scientific.",
"\"In a 2014 article in \"Slate\", the site's podcast executive producer, Andy Bowers, a resident of Los Angeles's Westside, where the show films most of its exteriors, praised the series for its realistic depiction of life in that part of the city.",
"\"f you live around here and watch the show, it's easy to forget these people are fictional.",
"They feel like real neighbors who inhabit the same world we do, much more so than any other TV show I've ever seen.\"",
"Many of the show's locations were familiar to him as places he regularly visited or passed.",
"In addition to its accurate depiction of the area's physical landscape, Bowers added, it was a realistic depiction of its social and cultural landscape:\"Modern Family\" has been called a culturally-defining series.",
"Eric Stonestreet voiced his opinion on the social implications of the show and what the support means to him."
] |
[
3
] |
Subject matter
|
What is the name of the brother of Van Gogh?
|
The Starry Night
| true | 3ART
|
[
4
] |
[
"The center part shows the village of Saint-Rémy under a swirling sky, in a view from the asylum towards north.",
"The Alpilles far to the right fit to this view, but there is little rapport of the actual scene with the intermediary hills which seem to be derived from a different part of the surroundings, south of the asylum.",
"The cypress tree to the left was added into the composition.",
"Of note is the fact Van Gogh had already, during his time in Arles, repositioned Ursa Major from the north to the south in his painting \"Starry Night Over the Rhone\".",
"In a letter to his brother Theo, Van Gogh wrote of it: "
] |
[
0
] |
Assessment of the battle
|
Which landings were the first successful opposed landings across the English Channel in over eight centuries.
|
Invasion of Normandy
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
0
] |
[
"The Normandy landings were the first successful opposed landings across the English Channel in over eight centuries.",
"They were costly in terms of men, but the defeat inflicted on the Germans was one of the largest of the war.",
"Strategically, the campaign led to the loss of the German position in most of France and the secure establishment of a new major front.",
"In larger context the Normandy landings helped the Soviets on the Eastern front, who were facing the bulk of the German forces and, to a certain extent, contributed to the shortening of the conflict there.",
"Although there was a shortage of artillery ammunition, at no time were the Allies critically short of any necessity.",
"This was a remarkable achievement considering they did not hold a port until Cherbourg fell.",
"By the time of the breakout the Allies also enjoyed a considerable superiority in numbers of troops (approximately 7:2) and armoured vehicles (approximately 4:1) which helped overcome the natural advantages the terrain gave to the German defenders.",
"Allied intelligence and counterintelligence efforts were successful beyond expectations.",
"The Operation Fortitude deception before the invasion kept German attention focused on the Pas de Calais, and indeed high-quality German forces were kept in this area, away from Normandy, until July.",
"Prior to the invasion, few German reconnaissance flights took place over Britain, and those that did saw only the dummy staging areas.",
"Ultra decrypts of German communications had been helpful as well, exposing German dispositions and revealing their plans such as the Mortain counterattack.",
"Allied air operations also contributed significantly to the invasion, via close tactical support, interdiction of German lines of communication (preventing timely movement of supplies and reinforcements—particularly the critical Panzer units), and rendering the Luftwaffe ineffective in Normandy.",
"Although the impact upon armoured vehicles was less than expected, air activity intimidated these units and cut their supplies.",
"Despite initial heavy losses in the assault phase, Allied morale remained high.",
"Casualty rates among all the armies were tremendous, and the Commonwealth forces had to use a recently created category—Double Intense—to be able to describe them."
] |
[] |
Composition and lyrical interpretation
|
What is Part of Me's tonal range?
|
Part of Me (Katy Perry song)
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
3
] |
[
"",
"\"Part of Me\" is a power pop song set to a house beat.",
"It is composed in the key of D minor and set in a 4/4 time signature at a tempo of 130 beats per minute.",
"The melody spans the tonal range of D4 to D5, while the music follows the chord progression of Dm–F–Bb-C. Production was done by Perry's frequent collaborator, Dr. Luke.",
"The song begins with Perry's somber and emotional delivery of the line, \"Days like this I want to drive away/ Pack my bags and watch your shadow fade.\"",
"At the bridge, the beat amplifies and Perry's lyrics become more aggressive as she commands \"Now Look at Me!",
"\", signalling to her ex that she is still strong, regardless of what he tries to do to bring her down.",
"The beat reaches a peak at the chorus, and Perry's tone and the song's lyrics become more aggressive and prominent as she sings, \"This is the Part of me that you're never-ever gonna take away from me.\"",
"As the song continues, Perry's lyrics become strong and empowered: \"So you can keep the diamond ring/ It don't mean nothing anyway/ In fact you can keep everything Yeah/ Yeah Except for me\".",
"Perry repeats the ending chorus as the beat fades.",
"James Dinh of MTV noted that \"the pop star appears strong, bold and just a tad resentful after a breakup\" on the track.",
"His analysis of the lyrics observed that \"The singer declares herself unbreakable after a breakup, evident in lines such as \"Days like this I want to drive away/ Pack my bags and watch your shadow fade/ 'Cause you chewed me up and spit me out/ Like I was poison in your mouth/ You took my light, you drained me down/ But that was then and this is now, now look at me.\"",
"Dinh pointed out similarities between \"Part of Me\" and Perry's previous single \"California Gurls\", noting that \"the tune's steady beat amplifies\" as the chorus starts.",
"Andrew Hampp of \"Billboard\" described the song as a \"dance-floor rave up\", and compared the song's composition to Jessie J's \"Domino\".",
"Edna Gundersen from\" USA Today\" stated: \"Katy Perry could be addressing her ex or her detractors on this defiant slapdown, a gleaming \"Firework\"-like pop torpedo propelled by slick beats and a brazen chorus.\"",
"Chris Ryan, also of MTV, inferred that the song was aimed at Perry's ex-boyfriend Travie McCoy, while \"New York\" magazine journalist Amanda Dobbis described it as \"another break-up anthem\".",
"Fans and media noted differences in the lyrics between the demo and the single, and claimed that the changes redirected the song's subject from McCoy to Perry's ex-husband Russell Brand, from whom she had recently divorced.",
"Perry declared it was not about Brand, stating:I wrote it two years ago, which is funny because everybody is like \"God, it sounds so current,\" and some people that I work with were like \"You should just say you wrote it a couple of weeks ago.\"",
"I'm like \"I'm not a dick, I'm going to tell the truth.\"",
"I wrote it two years ago when I was writing and recording Teenage Dream, it didn't feel right on the record.",
"I would've had to take out one of my other songs that [made the album a nice, complete package."
] |
[
0
] |
Singles
|
Is the singles or doubles court more narrow?
|
Badminton
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"The singles court is narrower than the doubles court, but the same length.",
"Since one person needs to cover the entire court, singles tactics are based on forcing the opponent to move as much as possible; this means that singles strokes are normally directed to the corners of the court.",
"Players exploit the length of the court by combining lifts and clears with drop shots and net shots.",
"Smashing tends to be less prominent in singles than in doubles because the smasher has no partner to follow up his effort and is thus vulnerable to a skillfully placed return.",
"Moreover, frequent smashing can be exhausting in singles where the conservation of a player's energy is at a premium.",
"However, players with strong smashes will sometimes use the shot to create openings, and players commonly smash weak returns to try to end rallies.",
"In singles, players will often start the rally with a forehand high serve or with a flick serve.",
"Low serves are also used frequently, either forehand or backhand.",
"Drive serves are rare.",
"At high levels of play, singles demands extraordinary fitness.",
"Singles is a game of patient positional manoeuvring, unlike the all-out aggression of doubles."
] |
[] |
Other terms
|
What is the term for walls in sailing?
|
Sailing
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"Walls are called \"bulkheads\" or \"ceilings\", while the surfaces referred to as ceilings on land are called 'overheads'or 'deckheads'.",
"Floors are called 'soles' or \"decks\".",
"\"Broken up\" was the fate of a ship that hit a \"rocky point\" or was simply no longer wanted.",
"The toilet is traditionally called the 'head', the kitchen is the \"galley\".",
"When lines are tied off, this may be referred to as 'made fast' or 'belayed.'",
"Sails in different sail plans have unchanging names, however.",
"For the naming of sails, see sail-plan."
] |
[
0
] |
MRI versus CT
|
What does CT stand for?
|
Magnetic resonance imaging
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"MRI and computed tomography (CT) are complementary imaging technologies and each has advantages and limitations for particular applications.",
"CT is more widely used than MRI in OECD countries with a mean of 132 vs 46 exams per 1000 population performed respectively.",
"A concern is the potential for CT to contribute to radiation-induced cancer and in 2007 it was estimated that 0.4% of current cancers in the United States were due to CTs performed in the past, and that in the future this figure may rise to 1.5–2% based on historical rates of CT usage.",
"An Australian study found that one in every 1800 CT scans was associated with an excess cancer.",
"An advantage of MRI is that no ionizing radiation is used and so it is recommended over CT when either approach could yield the same diagnostic information.",
"However, although the cost of MRI has fallen, making it more competitive with CT, there are not many common imaging scenarios in which MRI can simply replace CT, although this substitution has been suggested for the imaging of liver disease.",
"The effect of low doses of radiation on carcinogenesis are also disputed.",
"Although MRI is associated with biological effects, these have not been proven to cause measurable harm.",
"In a comparison of possible genotoxic effects of MRI compared with those of CT scans, Knuuti et al.",
"noted that although previous studies have demonstrated DNA damage associated with MRI, \"the long-term biological and clinical significance of DNA double-strand breaks induced by MRI remains unknown\".",
"Iodinated contrast medium is routinely used in CT and the main adverse events are anaphylactoid reactions and nephrotoxicity.",
"Commonly used MRI contrast agents have a good safety profile but linear non-ionic agents in particular have been implicated in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with severely impaired renal function.MRI is contraindicated in the presence of MR-unsafe implants, and although these patients may be imaged with CT, beam hardening artefact from metallic devices, such as pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, may also affect image quality.",
"MRI is a longer investigation than CT and an exam may take between 20 - 40 mins depending on complexity."
] |
[
0
] |
The Seljuks and the Ottoman Empire
|
When did the Ottomans conquer the Byzantine Emprire?
|
Turkey
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
6
] |
[
"The \"House of Seljuk\" was a branch of the \"Kınık\" Oğuz Turks who resided on the periphery of the Muslim world, in the Yabghu Khaganate of the Oğuz confederacy, to the north of the Caspian and Aral Seas, in the 9th century.",
"In the 10th century, the Seljuks started migrating from their ancestral homeland into Persia, which became the administrative core of the Great Seljuk Empire.",
"In the latter half of the 11th century, the Seljuks began penetrating into the eastern regions of Anatolia.",
"In 1071, the Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert, starting Turkification of the area; the Turkish language and Islam were introduced to Anatolia and gradually spread over the region and the slow transition from a predominantly Christian and Greek-speaking Anatolia to a predominantly Muslim and Turkish-speaking one was underway.",
"In 1243, the Seljuk armies were defeated by the Mongols, causing the Seljuk Empire's power to slowly disintegrate.",
"In its wake, one of the Turkish principalities governed by Osman I would, over the next 200 years, evolve into the Ottoman Empire, expanding throughout Anatolia, the Balkans, the Levant and North Africa.",
"In 1453, the Ottomans completed their conquest of the Byzantine Empire by capturing its capital, Constantinople.",
"In 1514, Sultan Selim I (1512–1520) successfully expanded the Empire's southern and eastern borders by defeating Shah Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty in the Battle of Chaldiran.",
"In 1517, Selim I expanded Ottoman rule into Algeria and Egypt, and created a naval presence in the Red Sea.",
"Subsequently, a competition started between the Ottoman and Portuguese empires to become the dominant sea power in the Indian Ocean, with numerous naval battles in the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf.",
"The Portuguese presence in the Indian Ocean was perceived as a threat for the Ottoman monopoly over the ancient trading routes between East Asia and Western Europe (later collectively named the Silk Road).",
"This important monopoly was increasingly compromised following the discovery of the Cape of Good Hope by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias in 1488, which had a considerable impact on the Ottoman economy.",
"The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent.",
"The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.",
"At sea, the Ottoman Navy contended with several Holy Leagues (composed primarily of Habsburg Spain, the Republic of Genoa, the Republic of Venice, the Knights of St. John, the Papal States, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Duchy of Savoy) for control of the Mediterranean Sea.",
"In the east, the Ottomans were occasionally at war with Safavid Persia over conflicts stemming from territorial disputes or religious differences between the 16th and 18th centuries.",
"From the beginning of the 19th century onwards, the Ottoman Empire began to decline.",
"As it gradually shrank in size, military power and wealth, many Balkan Muslims migrated to the Empire's heartland in Anatolia, along with the Circassians fleeing the Russian conquest of the Caucasus.",
"The decline of the Ottoman Empire led to a rise in nationalist sentiment among the various subject peoples, leading to increased ethnic tensions which occasionally burst into violence, such as the Hamidian massacres.",
"The Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers and was ultimately defeated.",
"During the war, an estimated 1,500,000 Armenians were deported and exterminated in the Armenian Genocide.",
"The Turkish government denies that there was an Armenian Genocide and claims that Armenians were only relocated from the eastern war zone.",
"Large-scale massacres were also committed against the empire's other minority groups such as the Greeks and Assyrians.",
"Following the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, the victorious Allied Powers sought to partition the Ottoman state through the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres."
] |
[
2
] |
Goalkeeper
|
What is the different between handball and association football?
|
Handball
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
5
] |
[
"Only the goalkeepers are allowed to move freely within the goal perimeter, although they may not cross the goal perimeter line while carrying or dribbling the ball.",
"Within the zone, they are allowed to touch the ball with all parts of their bodies including their feet.",
"The goalkeepers may participate in the normal play of their teammates.",
"They may be substituted by a regular field player if their team elects to use this scheme in order to outnumber the defending players.",
"This field player becomes the designated goalkeeper on the court; and must wear some vest or bib to be identified as such.",
"If either goalkeeper deflects the ball over the outer goal line, their team stays in possession of the ball, in contrast to other sports like association football.",
"The goalkeeper resumes the play with a throw from within the zone (\"goalkeeper throw\").",
"Passing to one's own goalkeeper results in a turnover.",
"Throwing the ball against the head of the goalkeeper when he is not moving is to be punished by disqualification (\"red card\")."
] |
[
0
] |
Other variants
|
Do schools use a variation of the FIE format?
|
Fencing
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
4
] |
[
"Other variants include chair fencing, \"one-hit épée\" (one of the five events which constitute modern pentathlon) and the various types of non-Olympic competitive fencing.",
"Chair fencing is similar to wheelchair fencing but for the able bodied.",
"The opponents set up opposing chairs and fence while seated; all the usual rules of fencing are applied.",
"An example of the latter is the American Fencing League (distinct from the United States Fencing Association): the format of competitions is different and the right of way rules are interpreted in a different way.",
"In a number of countries, school and university matches deviate slightly from the FIE format."
] |
[] |
Background and writing
|
When did Carey write the hit song "All I Want for Christmas is You?"
|
All I Want for Christmas Is You
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
4
] |
[
"After a string of commercially successful albums, Carey's label Columbia Records began exercising the idea of the singer releasing a Christmas album.",
"They felt that up until that point, Carey had been viewed as a pop singer.",
"With the record, Columbia intended to broaden Carey's target market, and have her perceived more as an entertainer, not just a singer.",
"Having been brought up as Christian and always celebrating Christmas, she agreed to create a holiday-themed album.",
"With Walter Afanasieff, Carey co-wrote \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" while recording the album in mid-1994.",
"In an interview, Carey explained the inspiration behind the song:I'm a very festive person and I love the holidays.",
"I've sung Christmas songs since I was a little girl.",
"I used to go Christmas caroling.",
"When it came to the album, we had to have a nice balance between standard Christian hymns and fun songs.",
"It was definitely a priority for me to write at least a few new songs, but for the most part people really want to hear the standards at Christmas time, no matter how good a new song is.",
"Ostensibly, the song was inspired by Carey's romantic sentiments toward her then-husband Tommy Mottola.",
"After the album's release, many promotional singles were released; while other songs were sent to Christian airplay radio stations, \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" was sent to pop and Top 40 channels.",
"Author Chris Nickson described the song as \"fun and mellow\", and he felt its uptempo beat contrasted with the album's strong religious theme, broadening the album's appeal to teenage audiences."
] |
[
2
] |
Strategy
|
Where do you go after you make a shot in Racquetball?
|
Racquetball
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
2
] |
[
"The primary strategy of racquetball is to command the center of the court just at or behind the dashed receiving line.",
"This allows the player to move as quickly as possible to all areas of the court and limit open court areas which are difficult to defend.",
"After a shot, return quickly to center court.",
"The antithesis of this is to be against a wall which severely limits the player's movement and allows the opponent an open court.",
"Keep an eye on the opponent by glancing sideways to anticipate their return shot and move appropriately in the court.",
"Learn the typical return shots of the opponent and move appropriately in the court for a return shot.",
"Attempt to not be predictable with your return shots.",
"Other more obvious strategies are to keep the returned ball as low on the front wall as possible, keeping the ball moving fast (limiting reaction time) and to keep your opponent moving away from center court by the use of lobs, cross court shots, and dinks."
] |
[
4
] |
Architecture
|
What year did the Elysian tower finish construction?
|
Republic of Ireland
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
27
] |
[
"Ireland has a wealth of structures, surviving in various states of preservation, from the Neolithic period, such as \"Brú na Bóinne\", Poulnabrone dolmen, Castlestrange stone, Turoe stone, and Drombeg stone circle.",
"As the Romans never conquered Ireland, architecture of Greco-Roman origin is extremely rare.",
"The country instead had an extended period of Iron Age architecture.",
"The Irish round tower originated during the Early Medieval period.",
"Christianity introduced simple monastic houses, such as Clonmacnoise, Skellig Michael and Scattery Island.",
"A stylistic similarity has been remarked between these double monasteries and those of the Copts of Egypt.",
"Gaelic kings and aristocrats occupied ringforts or \"crannógs\".",
"Church reforms during the 12th century via the Cistercians stimulated continental influence, with the Romanesque styled Mellifont, Boyle and Tintern abbeys.",
"Gaelic settlement had been limited to the Monastic proto-towns, such as Kells, where the current street pattern preserves the original circular settlement outline to some extent.",
"Significant urban settlements only developed following the period of Viking invasions.",
"The major Hiberno-Norse Longphorts were located on the coast, but with minor inland fluvial settlements, such as the eponymous Longford.",
"Castles were built by the Normans during the late 12th century, such as Dublin Castle and Kilkenny Castle, and the concept of the planned walled trading town was introduced, which gained legal status and several rights by grant of a Charter under Feudalism.",
"These charters specifically governed the design of these towns.",
"Two significant waves of planned town formation followed, the first being the 16th and 17th century plantation towns, which were used as a mechanism for the Tudor English kings to suppress local insurgency, followed by 18th century landlord towns.",
"Surviving Norman founded planned towns include Drogheda and Youghal; plantation towns include Portlaoise and Portarlington; well-preserved 18th century planned towns include Westport and Ballinasloe.",
"These episodes of planned settlement account for the majority of present day towns throughout the country.",
"Gothic cathedrals, such as St Patrick's, were also introduced by the Normans.",
"Franciscans were dominant in directing the abbeys by the Late Middle Ages, while elegant tower houses, such as Bunratty Castle, were built by the Gaelic and Norman aristocracy.",
"Many religious buildings were ruined with the Dissolution of the Monasteries.",
"Following the Restoration, palladianism and rococo, particularly country houses, swept through Ireland under the initiative of Edward Lovett Pearce, with the Houses of Parliament being the most significant.",
"With the erection of buildings such as The Custom House, Four Courts, General Post Office and King's Inns, the neoclassical and Georgian styles flourished, especially in Dublin.",
"Georgian townhouses produced streets of singular distinction, particularly in Dublin, Limerick and Cork.",
"Following Catholic Emancipation, cathedrals and churches influenced by the French Gothic Revival emerged, such as St Colman's and St Finbarre's.",
"Ireland has long been associated with thatched roof cottages, though these are nowadays considered quaint.",
"Beginning with the American designed art deco church at Turner's Cross in 1927, Irish architecture followed the international trend towards modern and sleek building styles since the 20th century.",
"Recent developments include the regeneration of Ballymun and an urban extension of Dublin at Adamstown.",
"Since the establishment of the Dublin Docklands Development Authority in 1997, the Dublin Docklands area underwent large-scale redevelopment, which included the construction of the Convention Centre Dublin and Grand Canal Theatre.",
"Completed in 2008, the Elysian tower in Cork is the tallest storeyed building in Ireland, at a height of , surpassing Cork County Hall.",
"The Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland regulates the practice of architecture in the state."
] |
[
0
] |
Apollo 11
|
what year was the final leg of the moon race
|
Space Race
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
0
] |
[
"1969 saw the final leg of the Moon Race, with the United States leading it after the flight of Apollo 8.",
"Unbeknownst to the Americans, the Soviet moon program was in deep trouble.",
"Without the N-1 rocket, the USSR had no way to land on the Moon.",
"The next two Apollo missions proved that the Lunar Module worked well, both in low-Earth orbit and in lunar orbit.",
"It was time to proceed to an actual landing mission.",
"Under this backdrop, Apollo 11 was being prepared for a July encounter with the Moon.",
"The Apollo 11 crew consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, command module pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and lunar module pilot (LMP) Edwin \"Buzz\" Aldrin.",
"They were selected as the crew in January 1969, and they trained for the mission until just before the actual launch day.",
"On July 16, 1969, at exactly 9:32 am EDT, the Saturn V rocket – serial number SA-506 – lifted off from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida with Apollo 11 on board.",
"The lunar trip took just over three days.",
"After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named \"Eagle\", and began their descent.",
"After overcoming several computer malfunctions, Armstrong took over manual flight-control at about , and guided the Lunar Module to a landing on the Moon's Sea of Tranquility at 4:17 pm EDT, July 20, 1969.",
"The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft.",
"At 10:56:15 pm EDT, Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon.",
"The first step was witnessed by at least 500 million TV viewers on Earth.",
"His first words when he stepped off the LM's landing pad were, \"That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.\"",
"Aldrin joined him on the surface almost 20 minutes later.",
"Altogether, they spent just under two and one-quarter hours outside their craft.",
"The next day, they performed the first launch from another celestial body, and rendezvoused with the \"Columbia\" Command Module.",
"Apollo 11 safely left lunar orbit and returned to Earth, landing in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969.",
"When the spacecraft splashed down, 2,982 days had passed since Kennedy committed the United States to landing a man on the Moon and bringing him back safely to the Earth before the end of the decade; the mission was completed with just 161 days to spare.",
"With the safe completion of the Apollo 11 mission, the Americans won the race to the Moon.",
"This was followed by successful lunar landings on Apollo 12 (November 1969), Apollo 14 (February 1971), Apollo 15 (July 1971), Apollo 16 (April 1972), and Apollo 17 (December 1972).",
"One lunar landing attempt, Apollo 13 (April 1970), was unsuccessful, but the crew returned safely."
] |
[
0
] |
World War Two
|
When was Moore commissioned by the Church of St. Matthew to carve Madonna and Child?
|
Henry Moore
| true | 3ART
|
[
10
] |
[
"At the outbreak of the Second World War the Chelsea School of Art was evacuated to Northampton and Moore resigned his teaching post.",
"During the war, Moore produced powerful drawings of Londoners sleeping in the London Underground while sheltering from the Blitz.",
"Kenneth Clark, the chairman of the War Artists' Advisory Committee,WAAC, had previously tried to recruit Moore as a full-time salaried war artist and now agreed to purchase some of the shelter drewings and issued contracts for further examples.",
"The shelter drawings WAAC acquired were completed between the autumn of 1940 and the spring of 1941 and are regarded as among the finest products of the WAAC scheme.",
"In August 1941 WAAC commissioned Moore to drew miners working underground at the Wheldale Colliery in Yorkshire, where his father had worked at the start of the century.",
"Whereas Moore drew the people in the shelters as passively waiting the all-clear he shows the miners aggressively working the coal-faces.",
"These drawings helped to boost Moore's international reputation, particularly in America where examples were included in the WAAC \"Britain at War\" exhibition which toured North America throughout the war.",
"After their Hampstead home was hit by bomb shrapnel in September 1940, Moore and Irina moved out of London to live in a farmhouse called Hoglands in the hamlet of Perry Green near Much Hadham, Hertfordshire.",
"This was to become Moore's home and workshop for the rest of his life.",
"Despite acquiring significant wealth later in life, Moore never felt the need to move to larger premises and, apart from the addition of a number of outbuildings and studios, the house changed little over the years.",
"In 1943 he received a commission from the Church of St. Matthew, Northampton, to carve a Madonna and Child; this sculpture was the first in an important series of family-group sculptures."
] |
[
2
] |
Practical uses
|
Were guns a valid weapon in duels?
|
Shooting
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
4
] |
[
"Shooting is used for hunting upland game birds such as grouse or pheasant, rabbits, culling, deer hunting, or other wild game animals, or shooting pest animals.",
"Clay pigeon shooting is meant to simulate shooting live pigeons released from traps, after doing so was banned in the United Kingdom in 1921.",
"Sometimes \"shooting\" refers to the hunting activity itself.",
"Shooting is also used in warfare, self-defense, crime, and law enforcement.",
"Duels were sometimes held using guns.",
"Shooting without a target has applications such as celebratory gunfire, 21-gun salute, or firing starting pistols, incapable of releasing bullets."
] |
[] |
Terminology
|
What do they call dessert in the UK?
|
Pudding
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
1
] |
[
"In the United Kingdom and most Commonwealth countries, \"pudding\" can be used to describe both sweet and savory dishes.",
"However, unless qualified, the term in everyday usage typically denotes a dessert; in the UK, \"pudding\" is used as synonym for a dessert course.",
"Dessert puddings are rich, fairly homogeneous starch- or dairy-based desserts such as rice pudding, steamed cake mixtures such as Treacle sponge pudding with or without the addition of ingredients such as dried fruits such as Christmas pudding.",
"Savory dishes include things such as Yorkshire pudding, black pudding, suet pudding and steak and kidney pudding.",
"In the United States and Canada, \"pudding\" characteristically denotes a sweet milk-based dessert similar in consistency to egg-based custards, instant custards or a mousse, often commercially set using gelatin or similar collagen agent such as the Jello brand line of products.",
"In Commonwealth countries these puddings are called custards (often shortened to curd) if they are egg-thickened, blancmange if starch-thickened, and jelly if gelatin based.",
"Pudding may also refer to other dishes such as bread and rice pudding, although typically these names derive from the origin as British dishes."
] |
[
0
] |
Work in Florence
|
In Donatello's "Feast of Herod," how are the foreground figures represented?
|
Donatello
| true | 3ART
|
[
17
] |
[
"In Florence, Donatello assisted Lorenzo Ghiberti with the statues of prophets for the north door of the Florence Baptistery, for which he received payment in November 1406 and early 1408.",
"In 1409–1411 he executed the colossal seated figure of \"Saint John the Evangelist\", which until 1588 occupied a niche of the old cathedral façade, and is now placed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo.",
"This work marks a decisive step forward from late Gothic Mannerism in the search for naturalism and the rendering of human feelings.",
"The face, the shoulders and the bust are still idealized, while the hands and the fold of cloth over the legs are more realistic.",
"In 1411–1413, Donatello worked on a statue of St. Mark for the guild church of Orsanmichele.",
"In 1417 he completed the \"Saint George\" for the Confraternity of the Cuirass-makers.",
"The elegant \"St. George and the Dragon\" relief on the statue's base, executed in schiacciato (a very low bas-relief) is one of the first examples of central-point perspective in sculpture.",
"From 1423 is the \"Saint Louis of Toulouse\" for the Orsanmichele, now in the Museum of the Basilica di Santa Croce.",
"Donatello had also sculpted the classical frame for this work, which remains, while the statue was moved in 1460 and replaced by \"Incredulity of Saint Thomas\" by Verrocchio.",
"Between 1415 and 1426, Donatello created five statues for the campanile of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, also known as the Duomo.",
"These works are the \"Beardless Prophet\"; \"Bearded Prophet\" (both from 1415); the \"Sacrifice of Isaac\" (1421); \"Habbakuk\" (1423–1425); and \"Jeremiah\" (1423–1426); which follow the classical models for orators and are characterized by strong portrait details.",
"From the late teens is the \"Pazzi Madonna\" relief in Berlin.",
"In 1425, he executed the notable \"Crucifix\" for Santa Croce; this work portrays Christ in a moment of the agony, eyes and mouth partially opened, the body contracted in an ungraceful posture.",
"From 1425–1427, Donatello collaborated with Michelozzo on the funerary monument of the Antipope John XXIII for the Battistero in Florence.",
"Donatello made the recumbent bronze figure of the deceased, under a shell.",
"In 1427, he completed in Pisa a marble relief for the funerary monument of Cardinal Rainaldo Brancacci at the church of Sant'Angelo a Nilo in Naples.",
"In the same period, he executed the relief of the \"Feast of Herod\" and the statues of \"Faith\" and \"Hope\" for the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Siena.",
"The relief is mostly in \"stiacciato\", with the foreground figures are done in bas-relief."
] |
[
5
] |
Theory of critical opalescence
|
When will be the derivative zero?
|
Albert Einstein
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
2
] |
[
"Einstein returned to the problem of thermodynamic fluctuations, giving a treatment of the density variations in a fluid at its critical point.",
"Ordinarily the density fluctuations are controlled by the second derivative of the free energy with respect to the density.",
"At the critical point, this derivative is zero, leading to large fluctuations.",
"The effect of density fluctuations is that light of all wavelengths is scattered, making the fluid look milky white.",
"Einstein relates this to Rayleigh scattering, which is what happens when the fluctuation size is much smaller than the wavelength, and which explains why the sky is blue.",
"Einstein quantitatively derived critical opalescence from a treatment of density fluctuations, and demonstrated how both the effect and Rayleigh scattering originate from the atomistic constitution of matter."
] |
[
2
] |
Other al-Qaeda members
|
How many years of prison was Mounir el-Motassadeq sentenced to for the September 11 hijacking?
|
September 11 attacks
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
8
] |
[
"In \"Substitution for Testimony of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed\" from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui, five people are identified as having been completely aware of the operation's details.",
"They are bin Laden, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Abu Turab al-Urduni and Mohammed Atef.",
"To date, only peripheral figures have been tried or convicted for the attacks.",
"On September 26, 2005, the Spanish high court sentenced Abu Dahdah to 27 years in prison for conspiracy on the 9/11 attacks and being a member of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda.",
"At the same time, another 17 al-Qaeda members were sentenced to penalties of between six and eleven years.",
"On February 16, 2006, the Spanish Supreme Court reduced the Abu Dahdah penalty to 12 years because it considered that his participation in the conspiracy was not proven.",
"Also in 2006, Moussaoui, who some originally suspected might have been the assigned 20th hijacker, was convicted for the lesser role of conspiracy to commit acts of terrorism and air piracy.",
"He is serving a life sentence without parole.",
"Mounir el-Motassadeq, an associate of the Hamburg-based hijackers, is serving 15 years for his role in helping the hijackers prepare for the attacks.",
"The Hamburg cell in Germany included radical Islamists who eventually came to be key operatives in the 9/11 attacks.",
"Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Ziad Jarrah, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, and Said Bahaji were all members of al-Qaeda's Hamburg cell."
] |
[
5
] |
Maritime industry
|
The Greek flag is currently on how many ships?
|
Greece
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
11
] |
[
"The shipping industry is a key element of Greek economic activity dating back to ancient times.",
"Today, shipping is one of the country's most important industries.",
"It accounts for 4.5% of GDP, employs about 160,000 people (4% of the workforce), and represents 1/3 of the country's trade deficit.",
"During the 1960s, the size of the Greek fleet nearly doubled, primarily through the investment undertaken by the shipping magnates, Aristotle Onassis and Stavros Niarchos.",
"The basis of the modern Greek maritime industry was formed after World War II when Greek shipping businessmen were able to amass surplus ships sold to them by the U.S. government through the Ship Sales Act of the 1940s.",
"According to a United Nations Conference on Trade and Development report in 2011, the Greek merchant navy is the largest in the world at 16.2% of the world's total capacity, up from 15.96% in 2010.",
"This is a drop from the equivalent number in 2006, which was 18.2%.",
"The total tonnage of the country's merchant fleet is 202 million dwt, ranked 1st in the world.",
"In terms of total number of ships, the Greek Merchant Navy stands at 4th worldwide, with 3,150 ships (741 of which are registered in Greece whereas the rest 2,409 in other ports).",
"In terms of ship categories, Greece ranks first in both tankers and dry bulk carriers, fourth in the number of containers, and fifth in other ships.",
"However, today's fleet roster is smaller than an all-time high of 5,000 ships in the late 1970s.",
"Additionally, the total number of ships flying a Greek flag (includes non-Greek fleets) is 1,517, or 5.3% of the world's dwt (ranked 5th)."
] |
[
5
] |
Rules and regulations
|
What earns a point shot in basketball?
|
Basketball
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
4
] |
[
"Measurements and time limits discussed in this section often vary among tournaments and organizations; international and NBA rules are used in this section.",
"The object of the game is to outscore one's opponents by throwing the ball through the opponents' basket from above while preventing the opponents from doing so on their own.",
"An attempt to score in this way is called a shot.",
"A successful shot is worth two points, or three points if it is taken from beyond the three-point arc which is from the basket in international games and in NBA games.",
"A one-point shot can be earned when shooting from the foul line after a foul is made."
] |
[
0
] |
Opening day
|
When was Disneyland dedicated at an "International Press Preview"?
|
Disneyland
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
0
] |
[
"Disneyland was dedicated at an \"International Press Preview\" event held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests and the media.",
"Although 28,000 people attended the event, only about half of those were actual invitees, the rest having purchased counterfeit tickets.",
"The following day, it opened to the public, featuring twenty attractions.",
"The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald Reagan.",
"ABC broadcast the event live, during which many guests tripped over the television camera cables.",
"In Frontierland, a camera caught Cummings kissing a dancer.",
"When Disney started to read the plaque for Tomorrowland, he read partway then stopped when a technician off-camera said something to him, and after realizing he was on-air, said, \"I thought I got a signal\", and began the dedication from the start.",
"At one point, while in Fantasyland, Linkletter tried to give coverage to Cummings, who was on the pirateship.",
"He was not ready, and tried to give the coverage back to Linkletter, who had lost his microphone.",
"Cummings then did a play-by-play of him trying to find it in front of Mr. Toad's Wild Ride.",
"Traffic was delayed on the two-lane Harbor Boulevard.",
"Famous figures who were scheduled to show up every two hours showed up all at once.",
"The temperature was an unusually high , and because of a local plumbers' strike, Disney was given a choice of having working drinking fountains or running toilets.",
"He chose the latter, leaving many drinking fountains dry.",
"This generated negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; disappointed guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell soda, while other vendors ran out of food.",
"The asphalt that had been poured that morning was soft enough to let ladies' high-heeled shoes sink into it.",
"A gas leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland, Frontierland, and Fantasyland to close for the afternoon.",
"Some parents threw their children over the crowd's shoulders to get them onto rides, such as the King Arthur Carrousel.",
"In later years, Disney and his 1955 executives referred to July 17, 1955 as \"Black Sunday\".",
"After the extremely negative press from the preview opening, Walt Disney invited attendees back for a private \"second day\" to experience Disneyland properly.",
"The next day, crowds gathered in line as early as 2:00 am.",
"The first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson with ticket number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre-purchase ticket number 1 from Curtis Lineberry, the manager of admissions.",
"However, an official picture of Walt Disney and two children, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5) and Michael Schwartner (7), inaccurately identifies them as the first two guests of Disneyland.",
"Both received lifetime passes to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single Disney-owned park in the world.",
"Approximately 50,000 guests attended the Monday opening day."
] |
[
2
] |
Demographics
|
What is the life expectancy of women in Hong Kong?
|
Hong Kong
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
3
] |
[
"The territory's population in 2011 is 7.07 million, with an average annual growth rate of 0.6% over the previous five years.",
"Residents from mainland China do not have the right of abode in Hong Kong, nor are they allowed to enter the territory freely.",
"However, the influx of immigrants from mainland China, approximating 45,000 per year, is a significant contributor to its population growth – a daily quota of 150 Mainland Chinese with family ties in Hong Kong are granted a \"one way permit\".",
"Life expectancy in Hong Kong is 79.16 years for males and 84.79 years for females as of 2009, making it one of the highest life expectancies in the world.",
"About 93.6% of the people of Hong Kong are of Chinese descent, the majority of whom are Taishanese, Chiu Chow, other Cantonese people, and Hakka.",
"Hong Kong's Han majority originate mainly from the Guangzhou and Taishan regions in Guangdong province.",
"The remaining 6.4% of the population is composed of non-ethnic Chinese.",
"There is a South Asian population of Indians, Pakistanis and Nepalese; some Vietnamese refugees have become permanent residents of Hong Kong.",
"There are also Britons, Americans, Canadians, Japanese, and Koreans working in the city's commercial and financial sector.",
"In 2008, there were an estimate of 252,500 foreign domestic helpers from Indonesia and the Philippines working in Hong Kong.",
"Hong Kong's \"de facto\" official language is Cantonese, a Chinese language originating from Guangdong province to the north of Hong Kong.",
"English is also an official language, and according to a 1996 by-census is spoken by 3.1 percent of the population as an everyday language and by 34.9 percent of the population as a second language.",
"Signs displaying both Chinese and English are common throughout the territory.",
"Since the 1997 handover, an increase in immigrants from mainland China and greater integration with the mainland economy have brought an increasing number of Mandarin speakers to Hong Kong.",
"A majority of residents of Hong Kong would claim no religious affiliation, professing a form of agnosticism or atheism.",
"According to the U.S Department of State only 43 percent of the population practices some form of religion.",
"Some figures put it higher, according to a Gallup poll, 64% of Hong Kong residents do not believe in any religion, and possibly 80% of Hong Kong claim no religion.",
"In Hong Kong teaching evolution won out in curriculum dispute about whether to teach other explanations, and that creationism and intelligent design will form no part of the senior secondary biology curriculum.",
"Hong Kong enjoys a high degree of religious freedom, guaranteed by the Basic Law.",
"Hong Kong's main religions are Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism; a local religious scholar in contact with major denominations estimates there are approximately 1.5 million Buddhists and Taoists.",
"A Christian community of around 833,000 forms about 11.7% of the total population; Protestants forms a larger number than Roman Catholics at a rate of 4:3, although smaller Christian communities exist, including the Latter-Day Saints and Jehovah's Witnesses.",
"The Anglican and Roman Catholic churches each freely appoint their own bishops, unlike in mainland China.",
"There are also Sikh, Muslim, Jewish, Hindu and Bahá'í communities.",
"The practice of Falun Gong is tolerated.",
"Statistically Hong Kong's income gap is the greatest in Asia Pacific.",
"According to a report by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in 2008, Hong Kong's Gini coefficient, at 0.53, was the highest in Asia and \"relatively high by international standards\".",
"However, the government has stressed that income disparity does not equate to worsening of the poverty situation, and that the Gini coefficient is not strictly comparable between regions.",
"The government has named economic restructuring, changes in household sizes, and the increase of high-income jobs as factors that have skewed the Gini coefficient."
] |
[
0
] |
History
|
Where was Rendang created?
|
Rendang
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
3
] |
[
"Rendang originates from the Sumatran Minangkabau region.",
"One of the earliest written records of rendang is from the early 16th century Hikayat Amir Hamzah.",
"The making of rendang spreads from Minangkabau region to Mandailing, Riau, Jambi, across the strait to Malacca and Negeri Sembilan, resulting in a variety of rendang traditions.",
"The popularity of rendang has spread widely from its original domain because of the \"merantau\" (migrating) culture of Minangkabau people.",
"Overseas Minangkabau leave their hometown to start a career in other Indonesian cities as well as neighboring countries, and Padang restaurants, Minangkabau eating establishments that are ubiquitous in Indonesian cities, spring up.",
"These Padang restaurants have introduced and popularized rendang and other Padang food dishes across Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the wider world.",
"Andalas University historian, Prof. Gusti Asnan suggests that rendang began to spread across the region when Minangkabau merchants and migrant workers began to trade and migrate to Malacca in the 16th century.",
"“Because the journey through the river waterways in Sumatra took much time, a durable preserved dry rendang is suitable for long journey.” The dried Padang rendang is a durable food, good to consume for weeks, even when left at room temperature."
] |
[
4
] |
Box office performance
|
In which year was 'The Godfather' the highest grossing film?
|
The Godfather
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
1
] |
[
"Box office performance.",
"\"The Godfather\" was a blockbuster, breaking many box office records to become the highest grossing film of 1972.",
"It earned $81.5 million in theatrical rentals in North America during its initial release, increasing its earnings to $85.7 million through a reissue in 1973, and including a limited re-release in 1997 it ultimately earned an equivalent exhibition gross of $135 million.",
"It displaced \"Gone with the Wind\" to claim the record as the top rentals earner, a position it would retain until the release of \"Jaws\" in 1975.",
"News articles at the time proclaimed it was the first film to gross $100 million in North America, but such accounts are erroneous since this record in fact belongs to \"The Sound of Music\", released in 1965.",
"The film repeated its native success overseas, earning in total an unprecedented $142 million in worldwide theatrical rentals, to become the highest net earner.",
"Profits were so high for \"The Godfather\" that earnings for Gulf & Western Industries, Inc., which owned Paramount Pictures, jumped from seventy-seven cents per share to three dollars and thirty cents a share for the year, according to a \"Los Angeles Times\" article, dated December 13, 1972.",
"To date, it has grossed between $245 and 286 million in international box office receipts, and adjusted for ticket price inflation in North America, ranks among the top 25 highest-grossing films."
] |
[] |
Holidays
|
Romania was declared independent from the Ottoman Empire by Kogalniceanu when?
|
Romania
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
7
] |
[
"Since 2013, there are 14 non-working holidays.",
"In Romanian language, the consecrate Christian holidays have untranslatable correspondents, such as \"Rusalii\" (Pentecost), \"Dragobete\" (Valentine's Day) and \"Florii\" (Palm Sunday).",
"Nowadays, the National Day of Romania, a legal non-working holiday, is December the 1st, celebrated by military marches and manifestations across the country.",
"It commemorates the 1918 assembly of the delegates of all ethnic Romanians held in Alba Iulia, when the Union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania was declared upon.",
"During the communist regime, the national day was August the 23rd, marking the 1944 royal coup d'état by King Michael I when he decided about the dismissal and arrest of general Ion Antonescu, Romanian Prime Minister and Leader of the State.",
"On the same day he ordered the immediate cessation of Romania's collaboration with the Axis Powers, the beginning of negotiations for an armistice with the Allies and a military cooperation with the Soviet Union.",
"A certain segment of Romanians, who support the reinstatement of the monarchy, prefers the date of May 10 to be the National Day, as it used to be between 1866–1947.",
"On May 9, 1877, prime minister Kogălniceanu proclaimed the Principality of Romania's independence from the Ottoman Empire, a status recognized by the European powers in the Treaty of Berlin in 1878."
] |
[
2
] |
Death
|
What was the date and time of Warhol's death in New York City?
|
Andy Warhol
| false | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"Warhol died in New York City at 6:32 am on February 22, 1987.",
"According to news reports, he had been making good recovery from a routine gallbladder surgery at New York Hospital before dying in his sleep from a sudden post-operative cardiac arrhythmia.",
"Prior to his diagnosis and operation, Warhol delayed having his recurring gallbladder problems checked, as he was afraid to enter hospitals and see doctors.",
"His family sued the hospital for inadequate care, saying that the arrhythmia was caused by improper care and water intoxication.",
"The malpractice case was quickly settled out of court; Warhol's family received an undisclosed sum of money.",
"Warhol's body was taken back to Pittsburgh by his brothers for burial.",
"The wake was at Thomas P. Kunsak Funeral Home and was an open-coffin ceremony.",
"The coffin was a solid bronze casket with gold plated rails and white upholstery.",
"Warhol was dressed in a black cashmere suit, a paisley tie, a platinum wig, and sunglasses.",
"He was posed holding a small prayer book and a red rose.",
"The funeral liturgy was held at the Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic Church on Pittsburgh's North Side.",
"The eulogy was given by Monsignor Peter Tay.",
"Yoko Ono and John Richardson were speakers.",
"The coffin was covered with white roses and asparagus ferns.",
"After the liturgy, the coffin was driven to St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery in Bethel Park, a south suburb of Pittsburgh.",
"At the grave, the priest said a brief prayer and sprinkled holy water on the casket.",
"Before the coffin was lowered, Paige Powell dropped a copy of \"Interview\" magazine, an \"Interview\" T-shirt, and a bottle of the Estee Lauder perfume \"Beautiful\" into the grave.",
"Warhol was buried next to his mother and father.",
"A memorial service was held in Manhattan for Warhol on April 1, 1987, at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York."
] |
[
0
] |
Conception
|
What year was the show Grey's Anatomy cancelled?
|
Grey's Anatomy
| true | 1TV
|
[
23
] |
[
"Shonda Rhimes, the series' creator, wanted to make a show that she would enjoy watching, and thought it would be interesting to create a show about \"smart women competing against one another\".",
"When asked how she decided to develop a medical drama, Rhimes responded: The series was pitched to the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), who gave the green light, and the show was picked up as a mid-season replacement for \"Boston Legal\" in the 2005 television season.",
"Francie Calfo, executive vice president of development at ABC Entertainment, commented that ABC was looking for a medical show that was unlike the others airing at the time.",
"She pointed out that “shows are hard, and it was hard trying to figure out where ours could be different.",
"But where everybody else is speeding up their medical shows, [Rhimes found a way to slow it down, so you get to know the characters.",
"There's definitely a strong female appeal to it.",
"\"Rhimes initially conceived \"Grey's Anatomy\" as a statement against racism.",
"She endeavored to create a show that featured a racially diverse cast that allowed viewers to relate to characters regardless of race.",
"While creating characters, as well as writing the first script, the series' writers had no character descriptions in mind, and hoped to cast the best actor available for each part.",
"Rhimes has explained that if the network did not allow her to create characters this way, she would have been hesitant about moving forward with the series.",
"Female roles in particular were developed as multi-faceted characters.",
"Rhimes offered her insight on this: \"I wanted to create a world in which you felt as if you were watching very real women.",
"Most of the women I saw on TV didn't seem like people I actually knew.",
"They felt like ideas of what women are.",
"They never got to be nasty or competitive or hungry or angry.",
"They were often just the loving wife or the nice friend.",
"But who gets to be the bitch?",
"Who gets to be the three-dimensional woman?",
"\"The series debuted on March 25, 2005 and was scheduled to run in the \"Boston Legal\" time slot for four weeks.",
"However, high ratings and viewership led to it holding onto the slot for the remainder of the season.",
"ABC Entertainment President, Steve McPherson, commented on the scheduling change: \"Ultimately we decided that, without having adequate lead time or marketing dollars to devote to moving either show so late in the season, we'd continue to let [\"Grey's Anatomy\"] build on its tremendous momentum through May.\"",
"The show's title, \"Grey's Anatomy\", was devised as a play on words: a reference to both Henry Gray's medical textbook, \"Gray's Anatomy\", and the title character Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo).",
"Prior to broadcast, it was announced that the show's title would change from \"Grey's Anatomy\" to \"Complications\", although ultimately this did not come to pass.",
"The show was renewed for a tenth season on May 10, 2013."
] |
[
0
] |
Release
|
What year did All is Lost play during the Cannes Film Festival?
|
All Is Lost
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
1
] |
[
"",
"\"All Is Lost\" screened out of competition at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival on May 22.",
"The film was distributed theatrically by Lionsgate and by Roadside Attractions in the United States.",
"FilmNation Entertainment handled foreign sales for the film.",
"In February 2012, Universal Pictures purchased distribution of the film in select international territories (except for Germany, Austria, all Latin American countries, Canada, Québec, Japan, China, India, Pakistan, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, and the Middle East).",
"It began a limited release in the United States on October 18, 2013."
] |
[
0
] |
Home media
|
What year did the movie "Amélie" come out?
|
Amélie
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
1
] |
[
"The film has no overall worldwide distributor, but Blu-ray discs have been released in Canada and Australia.",
"The first release occurred in Canada in September 2008 by TVA Films.",
"This version did not contain any English subtitles and received criticisms regarding picture quality.",
"In November 2009, an Australian release occurred.",
"This time the version contained English subtitles and features no region coding.",
"Momentum Pictures released a Blu-ray in the UK on 17 October 2011.",
"The film is also available on HD on iTunes and other digital download services."
] |
[
0
] |
Home media
|
how many rental video copies did shawshank ship?
|
The Shawshank Redemption
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
"Despite its disappointing box office return, Warner Bros. shipped 320,000 rental video copies throughout the United States, and it became one of the top rented films of 1995.",
"The film's home viewing success was considered to be based on positive recommendations and repeat customers.",
"The film's Academy Award nominations enabled it to fare well in the video sales and cable TV viewings.",
"In June 1997, TNT, an American cable network, showed the film for the first time.",
"The film was the first feature in TNT's \"Saturday Night New Classics\".",
"A 2004 \"Sunday Times\" article suggested that TNT aired the film frequently from then on, about once every two months.",
"TV airings of the film accrued record breaking numbers."
] |
[
5
] |
Abstract
|
What is Looper?
|
Looper (film)
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
"Looper (film)Looper is a 2012 American science fiction action thriller film written and directed by Rian Johnson and starring Bruce Willis, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and Emily Blunt.",
"In the film, time travel is invented by the year 2074 and, though immediately outlawed, is used by criminal organizations to send those they want killed into the past where they are killed by \"loopers\", assassins paid with silver bars strapped to their targets.",
"Joe, a looper, encounters himself when his older self is sent back in time to be killed.",
"\"Looper\" was selected as the opening film of the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival.",
"It was released to positive reviews in Australia on September 27, 2012, and in the US and the UK on September 28, 2012 by TriStar Pictures and FilmDistrict in the US, and Entertainment One in the UK."
] |
[
0
] |
Rugby within international tournaments
|
When was the women's rugby sevens event introduced?
|
Rugby union
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
12
] |
[
"Rugby union was played at the Olympic Games in 1900, 1908, 1920 and 1924.",
"As per Olympic rules, the nations of Scotland, Wales and England were not allowed to play separately as they are not sovereign states.",
"In 1900, France won the gold, beating Great Britain 27 points to 8 and defeating Germany 27 points to 17.",
"In 1908, Australasia defeated Great Britain, claiming the gold medal, the score being 32 points to three.",
"In 1920, the United States, fielding a team with many players new to the sport of rugby, upset France in a shock win, eight points to zero.",
"In 1924, the United States again defeated France 17 to 3, becoming the only team to win gold twice in the sport.",
"In 2009 the International Olympic Committee voted with a majority of 81 to 8 that rugby union be reinstated as an Olympic sport in at least the 2016 and 2020 games, but in the sevens, 4-day tournament format.",
"This is something the rugby world has aspired to for a long time and Bernard Lapasset, president of the International Rugby Board, said the Olympic gold medal would be considered to be \"the pinnacle of our sport\" (Rugby Sevens).",
"Rugby sevens has been played at the Commonwealth Games since the 1998 Games in Kuala Lumpur.",
"The present gold medal holders are New Zealand who have won the competition on four successive occasions.",
"Rugby union has also been an Asian Games event since the 1998 games in Bangkok, Thailand.",
"In the 1998 and 2002 editions of the games, both the usual fifteen-a-side variety and rugby sevens were played, but from 2006 onwards, only rugby sevens was retained.",
"In 2010, the women's rugby sevens event was introduced.",
"The event is likely to remain a permanent fixture of the Asian Games due to elevation of rugby sevens as an Olympic sport from the 2016 Olympics onwards.",
"The present gold medal holders in the sevens tournament, held in 2010, are Japan in the male event and Kazakhstan in the women's."
] |
[
2
] |
Loans and Grants
|
How much money did Ireland receive through the Marshall plan?
|
Marshall Plan
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
2
] |
[
"The Marshall plan, just as GARIOA, consisted of aid both in the form of grants and in the form of loans.",
"Out of the total, 1.2 billion USD were loan-aid.",
"Ireland which received 146.2 million USD through the Marshall plan, received 128.2 million USD as loans, and the remaining 18 million USD as grants.",
"By 1969 the Irish Marshal plan debt, which was still being repaid, amounted to 31 million pounds, out of a total Irish foreign debt of 50 million pounds.",
"The UK received 385 million USD of its Marshall plan aid in the form of loans.",
"Unconnected to the Marshall plan the UK also received direct loans from the US amounting to 4.6 billion USD.",
"The proportion of Marshall plan loans versus Marshall plan grants was roughly 15% to 85% for both the UK and France.",
"Germany, which up until the 1953 Debt agreement had to work on the assumption that all the Marshall plan aid was to be repaid, spent its funds very carefully.",
"Payment for Marshall plan goods, \"counterpart funds\", were administered by the Reconstruction Credit Institute, which used the funds for loans inside Germany.",
"In the 1953 Debt agreement the amount of Marshall plan aid that Germany was to repay was reduced to less than 1 billion USD.",
"This made the proportion of loans versus grants to Germany similar to that of France and the UK.",
"The final German loan repayment was made in 1971.",
"Since Germany chose to repay the aid debt out of the German Federal budget, leaving the German ERP fund intact, the fund was able to continue its reconstruction work.",
"By 1996 it had accumulated a value of 23 billion Deutsche Mark."
] |
[
5
] |
Biodiversity
|
What is the reason for the rise in the level of endemism in Borneo?
|
Malaysia
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
4
] |
[
"Malaysia signed the Rio Convention on Biological Diversity on 12 June 1993, and became a party to the convention on 24 June 1994.",
"It has subsequently produced a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, which was received by the convention on 16 April 1998.",
"The country is megadiverse with a high number of species and high levels of endemism.",
"It is estimated to contain 20 per cent of the world's animal species.",
"High levels of endemism are found on the diverse forests of Borneo's mountains, as species are isolated from each other by lowland forest."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
How should chicken parmigiana be served?
|
Chicken parmigiana
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
3
] |
[
"Chicken parmigiana (also referred to as a \"parmi\" or \"parma\") is a chicken dish based on the Italian Parmigiana, and is regularly served in Australian pubs.",
"The meal consists of a breaded chicken breast, or chicken schnitzel, covered with a tomato-based neapolitan sauce and cheese.",
"In Australia the addition of a slice of ham or bacon makes up the parmigiana.",
"The dish is typically served with a side of chips and salad, although there is some dispute as to whether the chips should be served under or next to the chicken.",
"Size is considered to be a major part of the chicken parmigiana, and increased competition has led to a greater focus on the size of the meal.",
"Some restaurants hold competitions with prizes for people who successfully finish a large chicken parmigiana, such as the \"Parmageddon\" which was held in an Adelaide Hills pub.",
"The popularity of the chicken parmigiana led to a specialised chicken parmigiana restaurant opening in Melbourne, and the chicken parmigiana is the subject of reviews on dedicated websites which compare the dish as purchased from various pubs within a region.",
"Other meals have also taken on the chicken parmigiana theme, including pies and Subway sandwiches."
] |
[
5
] |
Apollo 11
|
What was the exact time and date of lift off for the Saturn V rocket?
|
Space Race
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
8
] |
[
"1969 saw the final leg of the Moon Race, with the United States leading it after the flight of Apollo 8.",
"Unbeknownst to the Americans, the Soviet moon program was in deep trouble.",
"Without the N-1 rocket, the USSR had no way to land on the Moon.",
"The next two Apollo missions proved that the Lunar Module worked well, both in low-Earth orbit and in lunar orbit.",
"It was time to proceed to an actual landing mission.",
"Under this backdrop, Apollo 11 was being prepared for a July encounter with the Moon.",
"The Apollo 11 crew consisted of commander (CDR) Neil Armstrong, command module pilot (CMP) Michael Collins, and lunar module pilot (LMP) Edwin \"Buzz\" Aldrin.",
"They were selected as the crew in January 1969, and they trained for the mission until just before the actual launch day.",
"On July 16, 1969, at exactly 9:32 am EDT, the Saturn V rocket – serial number SA-506 – lifted off from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida with Apollo 11 on board.",
"The lunar trip took just over three days.",
"After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named \"Eagle\", and began their descent.",
"After overcoming several computer malfunctions, Armstrong took over manual flight-control at about , and guided the Lunar Module to a landing on the Moon's Sea of Tranquility at 4:17 pm EDT, July 20, 1969.",
"The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft.",
"At 10:56:15 pm EDT, Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon.",
"The first step was witnessed by at least 500 million TV viewers on Earth.",
"His first words when he stepped off the LM's landing pad were, \"That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.\"",
"Aldrin joined him on the surface almost 20 minutes later.",
"Altogether, they spent just under two and one-quarter hours outside their craft.",
"The next day, they performed the first launch from another celestial body, and rendezvoused with the \"Columbia\" Command Module.",
"Apollo 11 safely left lunar orbit and returned to Earth, landing in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969.",
"When the spacecraft splashed down, 2,982 days had passed since Kennedy committed the United States to landing a man on the Moon and bringing him back safely to the Earth before the end of the decade; the mission was completed with just 161 days to spare.",
"With the safe completion of the Apollo 11 mission, the Americans won the race to the Moon.",
"This was followed by successful lunar landings on Apollo 12 (November 1969), Apollo 14 (February 1971), Apollo 15 (July 1971), Apollo 16 (April 1972), and Apollo 17 (December 1972).",
"One lunar landing attempt, Apollo 13 (April 1970), was unsuccessful, but the crew returned safely."
] |
[
0
] |
Japan
|
What was the most prominent negative result of deficit spending?
|
Great Depression
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
3,
11,
14,
15
] |
[
"The Great Depression did not strongly affect Japan.",
"The Japanese economy shrank by 8% during 1929–31.",
"Japan's Finance Minister Takahashi Korekiyo was the first to implement what have come to be identified as Keynesian economic policies: first, by large fiscal stimulus involving deficit spending; and second, by devaluing the currency.",
"Takahashi used the Bank of Japan to sterilize the deficit spending and minimize resulting inflationary pressures.",
"Econometric studies have identified the fiscal stimulus as especially effective.",
"The devaluation of the currency had an immediate effect.",
"Japanese textiles began to displace British textiles in export markets.",
"The deficit spending proved to be most profound.",
"The deficit spending went into the purchase of munitions for the armed forces.",
"By 1933, Japan was already out of the depression.",
"By 1934, Takahashi realized that the economy was in danger of overheating, and to avoid inflation, moved to reduce the deficit spending that went towards armaments and munitions.",
"This resulted in a strong and swift negative reaction from nationalists, especially those in the army, culminating in his assassination in the course of the February 26 Incident.",
"This had a chilling effect on all civilian bureaucrats in the Japanese government.",
"From 1934, the military's dominance of the government continued to grow.",
"Instead of reducing deficit spending, the government introduced price controls and rationing schemes that reduced, but did not eliminate inflation, which would remain a problem until the end of World War II.",
"The deficit spending had a transformative effect on Japan.",
"Japan's industrial production doubled during the 1930s.",
"Further, in 1929 the list of the largest firms in Japan was dominated by light industries, especially textile companies (many of Japan's automakers, like Toyota, have their roots in the textile industry).",
"By 1940 light industry had been displaced by heavy industry as the largest firms inside the Japanese economy."
] |
[
0
] |
Creamy puddings
|
Why can instant puddings be prepared quickly?
|
Pudding
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
4
] |
[
"The second and newer type of pudding consists of sugar, milk, and a thickening agent such as cornstarch, gelatin, eggs, rice or tapioca to create a sweet, creamy dessert.",
"These puddings are made either by simmering on top of the stove in a saucepan or double boiler or by baking in an oven, often in a bain-marie.",
"These puddings are easily scorched on the fire, which is why a double boiler is often used; microwave ovens are also now often used to avoid this problem and to reduce stirring.",
"Creamy puddings are typically served chilled, but a few, such as zabaglione and rice pudding, may be served warm.",
"Instant puddings do not require boiling and can therefore be prepared more quickly.",
"This pudding terminology is common in North America and some European countries such as the Netherlands, whilst in Britain egg-thickened puddings are considered custards and starch-thickened puddings called blancmange."
] |
[
1
] |
Genetic engineering
|
What are GMOs used for?
|
DNA
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
6
] |
[
"Uses in technology.",
"Genetic engineering.",
"Methods have been developed to purify DNA from organisms, such as phenol-chloroform extraction, and to manipulate it in the laboratory, such as restriction digests and the polymerase chain reaction.",
"Modern biology and biochemistry make intensive use of these techniques in recombinant DNA technology.",
"Recombinant DNA is a man-made DNA sequence that has been assembled from other DNA sequences.",
"They can be transformed into organisms in the form of plasmids or in the appropriate format, by using a viral vector.",
"The genetically modified organisms produced can be used to produce products such as recombinant proteins, used in medical research, or be grown in agriculture."
] |
[
0
] |
Codenames
|
What was the code name of the officers that knew about the plans for d-day invasion of Normandy?
|
Invasion of Normandy
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
11,
12
] |
[
"The Allies assigned codenames to the various operations involved in the invasion.",
"\"Overlord\" was the name assigned to the establishment of a large-scale lodgement on the northern portion of the Continent.",
"The first phase, the establishment of a secure foothold, was codenamed \"Neptune\".",
"According to the D-day museum:",
"\"\"The armed forces use codenames to refer to the planning and execution of specific military operations.",
"Operation Overlord was the codename for the Allied invasion of northwest Europe.",
"The assault phase of Operation Overlord was known as Operation Neptune.",
"(...) Operation Neptune began on D-Day (June 6th 1944) and ended on 30 June 1944.",
"By this time, the Allies had established a firm foothold in Normandy.",
"Operation Overlord also began on D-Day, and continued until Allied forces crossed the River Seine on 19 August 1944.",
"\"\"",
"Officers with knowledge of D-Day were not to be sent where there was the slightest danger of being captured.",
"These officers were given the codename of \"Bigot\", derived from the words \"To Gib\" (To Gibraltar) that was stamped on the papers of officers who took part in the North African invasion in 1942.",
"On the night of 27 April, during Exercise Tiger, a pre-invasion exercise off the coast of Slapton Sands beach, several American LSTs were attacked by German E boats and among the 638 Americans killed in the attack and a further 308 killed by friendly fire, ten \"Bigots\" were listed as missing.",
"As the invasion would be cancelled if any were captured or unaccounted for, their fate was given the highest priority and eventually all ten bodies were recovered."
] |
[
0
] |
Costume design
|
What type of fragments were used to make Bane's clothes in The Dark Knight Rises?
|
The Dark Knight Rises
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
3
] |
[
"Costume design.",
"Costume designer Lindy Hemming explained that Bane uses a mask to inhale an analgesic gas, which, in director Christopher Nolan's words, \"keeps his pain just below the threshold so he can function.\"",
"In designing Bane's costume, Hemming needed it to look \"like an amalgam of all sorts of bits and pieces he cobbled together, as he passed through some very remote places.",
"We made parts of his vest, for example, from fragments of an old military tent.",
"His clothes are militaristic, but are not in any way a uniform.\"",
"Hemming also designed Bane's mask to look \"animalistic\".",
"Costume effects supervisor Graham Churchyard created a three-dimensional model of actor Tom Hardy's face and skull to design the mask, allowing the mask to perfectly conform to the contours of Hardy's face.",
"Hemming personally designed Bane's coat, which she admitted took two years to complete.",
"Taking inspiration from a Swedish army jacket and a frock coat from the French Revolution, it was designed to make Bane look like equal parts dictatorial and revolutionary.",
"The design was difficult as Hemming struggled to find a tailor in Los Angeles who could work with shearling.",
"The Batsuit consisted of 110 separate pieces, each of which had to be replicated dozens of times over the course of the production.",
"The base layer was made of a polyester mesh that is utilized by the military and high-tech sports manufacturers because of its breathability and moisture-wicking properties.",
"Molded pieces of flexible urethane were then attached to the mesh, to form the overall body armor plating.",
"Carbon fiber panels were placed inside the sections on the legs, chest and abdomen.",
"The cowl was sculpted from a cast of Bale's face and head to become a perfect fit for Christian Bale.",
"The suit remained unchanged for the film since \"The Dark Knight\".",
"In creating Selina Kyle's catsuit, two layers of material were used, with the outer layer being polyurethane coated spandex, embossed with a hexagonal pattern.",
"The catsuit also consisted of elbow-length gloves, a utility belt, and thigh-high boots with spike heels."
] |
[
0
] |
Critical reception
|
Who is the artist of the song "Where Have You Been"?
|
Where Have You Been
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
2
] |
[
"",
"\"Where Have You Been\" garnered positive reviews from music critics.",
"Andy Kellman for Allmusic wrote that \"Where Have You Been\", along with the album's lead single \"We Found Love\", serve as \"Talk That Talk\"s \"place-holding\" dance tracks.",
"Greg Kot for the \"Chicago Tribune\" compared \"Where Have You Been\" and \"We Found Love\" for being \"rave-tastic.\"",
"Aside from noting the similarities between the two songs, Randell Roberts for \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote that neither song would sound out of place at an Electric Daisy Carnival.",
"Julianne Escobedo Shepherd for \"Spin\" also wrote that the song was a perfect play for a festival, writing Where Have You Been' is tailor-made for a Coachella pool rave.\"",
"Jon Caramanica for \"The New York Times\" was complimentary of both songs, but wrote that \"Where Have You Been\" \"is even better.\"",
"Mark Graham for VH1 compared the song to one of Rihanna's previous singles from her 2007 album \"Good Girl Gone Bad\", \"Don't Stop the Music\", writing Where Have You Been will almost certainly be Rihanna's biggest club smash since 'Don't Stop the Music'.",
"\"Robert Copsey for Digital Spy shared the same opinion as Graham, writing \"We labelled 'Where Have You Been' the record's 'Don't Stop The Music'.\"",
"He continued to give an explanation as to why the songs are similar writing \"On the surface, similarities between the two are almost non-existent, but on closer inspection, not only are they the danciest cuts on their respective LPs, they're both favourites that fans have been eager to see get an official release.\"",
"Copsey concluded his review praising the song and Rihanna, writing \"Like Rihanna herself, it's hectic, confident and unashamedly sexual.\"",
"Meghan Brownfield for the \"Columbia Missourian\" praised the song as a track which people will want to dance to as well as writing that the lyrics ensure that the listener pays attention to the lyrics, saying \"It is a song you would hear in a club that everyone would want to dance to.",
"This song makes you want to move, and it also has some strong lyrics that make you focus on what she is saying.\"",
"Matthew Cole for Slant Magazine, however, was critical of the song, writing that the song is a \"boring dubstep-normalizing dance number reminiscent of LMFAO,\" as well as Rihanna's own \"We Found Love\"."
] |
[
4,
3
] |
Persons of color
|
Among the groups, which one have no systematic program for their elimination?
|
The Holocaust
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
3
] |
[
"The number of black people in Germany when the Nazis came to power is variously estimated at 5,000–25,000.",
"It is not clear whether these figures included Asians.",
"According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C., \"The fate of black people from 1933 to 1945 in Nazi Germany and in German-occupied territories ranged from isolation to persecution, sterilization, medical experimentation, incarceration, brutality, and murder.",
"However, there was no systematic program for their elimination as there was for Jews and other groups.\"",
"Meanwhile, Afrikaaners, Berbers, Iranians and Pre-Partition Indians were classified as Aryans, so not persecuted (see main article).",
"Racial restrictions were relaxed to the extent that Turkic peoples, Arabs and South Asians were recruited by the German military due to the shortage of manpower."
] |
[] |
Dividing an atom
|
Where does an atomic number come from?
|
Subatomic particle
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
2
] |
[
"The negatively-charged electron has a mass equal to of that of a hydrogen atom.",
"The remainder of the hydrogen atom's mass comes from the positively charged proton.",
"The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in its nucleus.",
"Neutrons are neutral particles having a mass slightly greater than that of the proton.",
"Different isotopes of the same element contain the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons.",
"The mass number of an isotope is the total number of nucleons (neutrons and protons collectively).",
"Chemistry concerns itself with how electron sharing binds atoms into structures such as crystals and molecules.",
"Nuclear physics deals with how protons and neutrons arrange themselves in nuclei.",
"The study of subatomic particles, atoms and molecules, and their structure and interactions, requires quantum mechanics.",
"Analyzing processes that change the numbers and types of particles requires quantum field theory.",
"The study of subatomic particles \"per se\" is called particle physics.",
"The term \"high-energy physics\" is nearly synonymous to \"particle physics\" since creation of particles requires high energies: it occurs only as a result of cosmic rays, or in particle accelerators.",
"Particle phenomenology systematizes the knowledge about subatomic particles obtained from these experiments."
] |
[
4
] |
Abstract
|
The food group Shellfish includes what varieties of food?
|
Seafood
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
2
] |
[
"Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans.",
"Seafood prominently includes fish and shellfish.",
"Shellfish include various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.",
"Historically, sea mammals such as whales and dolphins have been consumed as food, though that happens to a lesser extent these days.",
"Edible sea plants, such as some seaweeds and microalgae, are widely eaten as seafood around the world, especially in Asia (see the category of sea vegetables).",
"In North America, although not generally in the United Kingdom, the term \"seafood\" is extended to fresh water organisms eaten by humans, so all edible aquatic life may be referred to as seafood.",
"For the sake of completeness, this article includes all edible aquatic life.",
"The harvesting of wild seafood is known as fishing and the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture, mariculture, or in the case of fish, fish farming.",
"Seafood is often distinguished from meat, although it is still animal and is excluded in a strict vegetarian diet.",
"Seafood is an important source of protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas.",
"Most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animal.",
"Some seafoods (kelp) are used as food for other plants (fertilizer).",
"In these ways, seafoods are indirectly used to produce further food for human consumption.",
"Products, such as fish oil and spirulina tablets are also extracted from seafoods.",
"Some seafood is feed to aquarium fish, or used to feed domestic pets, such as cats, and a small proportion is used in medicine, or is used industrially for non-food purposes (leather)."
] |
[
0
] |
Scanning probe microscopy
|
History of the first scanning tunneling microscope
|
Microscope
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
1
] |
[
"The 1980s saw the development of the first scanning probe microscopes.",
"The first was the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981, developed by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer.",
"This was closely followed in 1986 with Gerd Binnig, Quate, and Gerber's invention of the atomic force microscope."
] |
[] |
Social welfare
|
What was the Romanian unemployment rate in 2011?
|
Romania
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
10
] |
[
"In 1990, after the fall of the communist regime, the whole system was reformed.",
"It was divided into multiple categories (healthcare, child care, adults and elderly), and the concept of generalized social welfare became reduced in scale.",
"Families or mothers do not pay for giving birth, which is subsidized by state tax revenues.",
"As soon as mothers give birth, they are entitled to vacation.",
"They receive aid which amounts 75% of their net income, without a limit being set.",
"After the age of two, children receive an allowance of approximately €9 per month up until the age of 18, although they must attend school in order to receive it.",
"Adults are also able to apply for unemployment aid.",
"The amount varies from case to case, but is generally comparable to the minimum wage.",
"The unemployment aid can be granted if the payer has contributed and if they can prove they are actively seeking for a job.",
"The unemployment aid is granted on a time-limited, individually determined basis.",
"The unemployment rate in Romania has been relatively low in recent years and stands at around 5% in 2011.",
"The pension system was also reformed.",
"The current average retirement age (55 years for women and 57 years for men) will be gradually increased until 2014 to 60 years for women and 65 years for men.",
"Pension is granted nonetheless of the contributions made during one's lifetime.",
"It increases proportionally with the contribution a person made during their working age.",
"Some retirees have pensions that overcome the medium salary, but a third of them live off with a pension equal to or under the minimum wage.",
"Pension is provided by the state."
] |
[
0
] |
Setting and access
|
In which year did Stonehenge's stones get roped off?
|
Stonehenge
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
0
] |
[
"When Stonehenge was first opened to the public it was possible to walk among and even climb on the stones, but the stones were roped off in 1977 as a result of serious erosion.",
"Visitors are no longer permitted to touch the stones, but are able to walk around the monument from a short distance away.",
"English Heritage does, however, permit access during the summer and winter solstice, and the spring and autumn equinox.",
"Additionally, visitors can make special bookings to access the stones throughout the year.",
"The access situation and the proximity of the two roads has drawn widespread criticism, highlighted by a 2006 National Geographic survey.",
"In the survey of conditions at 94 leading World Heritage Sites, 400 conservation and tourism experts ranked Stonehenge 75th in the list of destinations, declaring it to be \"in moderate trouble\".",
"As motorised traffic increased, the setting of the monument began to be affected by the proximity of the two roads on either side – the A344 to Shrewton on the north side, and the A303 to Winterbourne Stoke to the south.",
"Plans to upgrade the A303 and close the A344 to restore the vista from the stones have been considered since the monument became a World Heritage Site.",
"However, the controversy surrounding expensive re-routing of the roads has led to the scheme being cancelled on multiple occasions.",
"On 6 December 2007, it was announced that extensive plans to build Stonehenge road tunnel under the landscape and create a permanent visitors' centre had been cancelled.",
"On 13 May 2009, the government gave approval for a £25 million scheme to create a smaller visitors' centre and close the A344, although this was dependent on funding and local authority planning consent.",
"On 20 January 2010 Wiltshire Council granted planning permission for a centre to the west and English Heritage confirmed that funds to build it would be available, supported by a £10m grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund.",
"On 23 June 2013 the A344 was closed to begin the work of removing the section of road and grassing it over.",
"The centre, designed by Denton Corker Marshall, opened to the public on 18 December 2013."
] |
[] |
Early history
|
What happened during the Battle of the Maule?
|
Chile
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
5
] |
[
"Early history.",
"About 10,000 years ago, migrating Native Americans settled in fertile valleys and coastal areas of what is present-day Chile.",
"Example settlement sites from the very early human habitation are Monte Verde, Cueva del Milodon and the Pali Aike Crater's lava tube.",
"The Incas briefly extended their empire into what is now northern Chile, but the Mapuche (or Araucanians as they were known by the Spaniards) successfully resisted many attempts by the Inca Empire to subjugate them, despite their lack of state organization.",
"They fought against the Sapa Inca Tupac Yupanqui and his army.",
"The result of the bloody three-day confrontation known as the Battle of the Maule was that the Inca conquest of the territories of Chile ended at the Maule river."
] |
[
0
] |
Events on the ground_1
|
How much of the Mitsubishi Arms Plant was damaged?
|
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
11
] |
[
"Events on the ground.",
"Although the bomb was more powerful than the one used on Hiroshima, the effect was confined by hillsides to the narrow Urakami Valley.",
"Of 7,500 Japanese employees who worked inside the Mitsubishi Munitions plant, including mobilized students and regular workers, 6,200 were killed.",
"Some 17,000–22,000 others who worked in other war plants and factories in the city died as well.",
"Casualty estimates for immediate deaths range from 40,000 to 75,000.",
"Total deaths by the end of 1945 may have reached 80,000.",
"Unlike Hiroshima's military death toll, only 150 soldiers were killed instantly, including thirty-six from the IJA 134th AAA Regiment of the 4th AAA Division.",
"At least eight known POWs died from the bombing and as many as 13 may have died, including a British citizen, Royal Air Force Corporal Ronald Shaw, and seven Dutch POWs.",
"One American POW, Joe Kieyoomia, was in Nagasaki at the time of the bombing but survived, reportedly having been shielded from the effects of the bomb by the concrete walls of his cell.",
"There were 24 Australian POWs in Nagasaki, all of whom survived.",
"The radius of total destruction was about , followed by fires across the northern portion of the city to south of the bomb.",
"About 58% of the Mitsubishi Arms Plant was damaged, and about 78% of the Mitsubishi Steel Works.",
"The Mitsubishi Electric Works only suffered 10% structural damage as it was on the border of the main destruction zone.",
"The Mitsubishi-Urakami Ordnance Works, the factory that manufactured the type 91 torpedoes released in the attack on Pearl Harbor, was destroyed in the blast."
] |
[
5
] |
Season 8
|
How does Season of How I Met Your Mother end?
|
How I Met Your Mother
| true | 1TV
|
[
19
] |
[
"Ted visits Robin on the day of her wedding to Barney, causing him to remember how he and Victoria ran away from her wedding to be together.",
"The summer is spent with Ted, Barney and Robin enjoying their current relationships however all subsequently break up with their partners.",
"Victoria splits up with Ted over his friendship with Robin, Barney and Quinn break up due to their inability to trust each other and Robin breaks up with Nick realizing his immaturity.",
"Robin and Barney kiss but decide not to get together, despite Barney's wishes.",
"Barney then begins dating Robin's hated co-worker Patrice (Ellen D. Williams), a relationship later exposed as a ruse to make Robin realize her true feelings for him.",
"In a culminating scene Barney proposes to Robin, who says yes.",
"Marshall and Lily attempt to get used to being parents, which causes a brief estrangement from the gang as Baby Marvin takes up the majority of their time.",
"Lily's father Mickey becomes Marvin's nanny, freeing the two up to spend more time with their friends.",
"The Captain, ex-husband of Ted's old girlfriend Zoey, offers Lily a job as an art consultant due to her identifying a painting that made a huge profit for him.",
"Lily accepts, happy to finally achieve her dream of having a job in the art industry while Marshall decides to apply to become a judge.",
"The Captain offers Lilly a year's work in Rome, which she accepts with Marshall's blessing.",
"However, just before Barney and Robin's wedding, Marshall is informed that his application to become a judge has been granted, a development that would require them to stay in the US.",
"Ted briefly dates Jeanette (Abby Elliott), a girl who stalked him after he appeared on the cover of \"New York Magazine\" due to his design of GNB headquarters.",
"He quickly realizes he's made a mistake and breaks up with her.",
"Ted's feelings of loneliness grow, especially as he is now the only single member of the group, and he decides he is truly ready to settle down.",
"He argues with Lily over hiring a DJ or a band for Barney and Robin's wedding, but is forced to provide a band at short notice when Lily concedes the argument.",
"During a chance meeting on the subway, Cindy offers the services of her roommate's wedding band; said roommate is Ted's future wife.",
"As the week of the wedding approaches, Robin has doubts about marrying Barney and shares an emotional moment with Ted.",
"Guilty, Ted realizes he can't be around Barney and Robin after they're married and decides to move to Chicago the day after the wedding.",
"The season concludes with everyone travelling to Barney and Robin's wedding, including the mother of Ted's children (revealed on screen for the first time and portrayed by Cristin Milioti), who is seen buying a train ticket to the venue and holding her yellow umbrella."
] |
[
5
] |
Rules and regulations
|
How can you earn a one-point shot in Basketball?
|
Basketball
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
4
] |
[
"Measurements and time limits discussed in this section often vary among tournaments and organizations; international and NBA rules are used in this section.",
"The object of the game is to outscore one's opponents by throwing the ball through the opponents' basket from above while preventing the opponents from doing so on their own.",
"An attempt to score in this way is called a shot.",
"A successful shot is worth two points, or three points if it is taken from beyond the three-point arc which is from the basket in international games and in NBA games.",
"A one-point shot can be earned when shooting from the foul line after a foul is made."
] |
[
5
] |
Collecting from the wider world (1850–75)
|
When did the British museum start expanding its collections?
|
British Museum
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
7
] |
[
"Collecting from the wider world (1850–75).",
"The opening of the forecourt in 1852 marked the completion of Robert Smirke's 1823 plan, but already adjustments were having to be made to cope with the unforeseen growth of the collections.",
"Infill galleries were constructed for Assyrian sculptures and Sydney Smirke's Round Reading Room, with space for a million books, opened in 1857.",
"Because of continued pressure on space the decision was taken to move natural history to a new building in South Kensington, which would later become the British Museum of Natural History.",
"Roughly contemporary with the construction of the new building was the career of a man sometimes called the \"second founder\" of the British Museum, the Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi.",
"Under his supervision, the British Museum Library (now the British Library) quintupled in size and became a well-organised institution worthy of being called a national library, the largest library in the world after the National Library of Paris.",
"The quadrangle at the centre of Smirke's design proved to be a waste of valuable space and was filled at Panizzi's request by a circular Reading Room of cast iron, designed by Smirke's brother, Sydney Smirke.",
"Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.",
"Overseas excavations continued and John Turtle Wood discovered the remains of the 4th century BC Temple of Artemis at Ephesos, another Wonder of the Ancient World."
] |
[
2
] |
Mission controls
|
Where is Roskosmos's Mission Control Center located?
|
International Space Station
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
1
] |
[
"The components of the ISS are operated and monitored by their respective space agencies at mission control centres across the globe, including:",
" Roskosmos's Mission Control Center at Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, controls the Russian Orbital Segment which handles Guidance, Navigation & Control for the entire Station., in addition to individual Soyuz and Progress missions.",
" ESA's ATV Control Centre, at the Toulouse Space Centre (CST) in Toulouse, France, controls flights of the unmanned European Automated Transfer Vehicle.",
" JAXA's JEM Control Centre and HTV Control Centre at Tsukuba Space Centre (TKSC) in Tsukuba, Japan, are responsible for operating the Japanese Experiment Module complex and all flights of the 'White Stork' HTV Cargo spacecraft, respectively.",
" NASA's Mission Control Center at Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, USA, serves as the primary control facility for the United States segment of the ISS and also controlled the Space Shuttle missions that visited the station.",
" NASA's Payload Operations and Integration Center at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, coordinates payload operations in the USOS.",
" ESA's Columbus Control Centre at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, manages the European \"Columbus\" research laboratory.",
" CSA's MSS Control at Saint-Hubert, Quebec, Canada, controls and monitors the Mobile Servicing System, or Canadarm2."
] |
[
4
] |
Architecture
|
What inspired St. Peter's in Adelaide, Australia?
|
Notre Dame de Paris
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
9
] |
[
"Notre-Dame de Paris was among the first buildings in the world to use the flying buttress (arched exterior supports).",
"The building was not originally designed to include the flying buttresses around the choir and nave but after the construction began, the thinner walls (popularized in the Gothic style) grew ever higher and stress fractures began to occur as the walls pushed outward.",
"In response, the cathedral's architects built supports around the outside walls, and later additions continued the pattern.",
"Many small individually crafted statues were placed around the outside to serve as column supports and water spouts.",
"Among these are the famous gargoyles, designed for water run-off, and chimeras.",
"The statues were originally colored as was most of the exterior.",
"The paint has worn off, but the gray stone was once covered with vivid colors.",
"The cathedral was essentially complete by 1345.",
"The cathedral has a narrow climb of 387 steps at the top of several spiral staircases; along the climb it is possible to view its most famous bell and its gargoyles in close quarters, as well as having a spectacular view across Paris when reaching the top.",
"The design of St. Peter's Anglican Cathedral in Adelaide, Australia was inspired by Notre-Dame de Paris."
] |
[
0
] |
Nutrients and the nutritional importance of rice
|
Consumption of which types of rice reduce the progression of atherosclerotic plaque development?
|
Rice
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
15
] |
[
"Nutrition and health.",
"Nutrients and the nutritional importance of rice.",
"Rice is the staple food of over half the world's population.",
"It is the predominant dietary energy source for 17 countries in Asia and the Pacific, 9 countries in North and South America and 8 countries in Africa.",
"Rice provides 20% of the world’s dietary energy supply, while wheat supplies 19% and maize (corn) 5%.",
"A detailed analysis of nutrient content of rice suggests that the nutrition value of rice varies based on a number of factors.",
"It depends on the strain of rice, that is between white, brown, black, red and purple varieties of rice – each prevalent in different parts of the world.",
"It also depends on nutrient quality of the soil rice is grown in, whether and how the rice is polished or processed, the manner it is enriched, and how it is prepared before consumption.",
"An illustrative comparison between white and brown rice of protein quality, mineral and vitamin quality, carbohydrate and fat quality suggests that neither is a complete nutrition source.",
"Between the two, there is a significant difference in fiber content and minor differences in other nutrients.",
"Brilliantly colored rice strains, such as purple rice, derive their color from anthocyanins and tocols.",
"Scientific studies suggest that these color pigments have antioxidant properties that may be useful to human health.",
"In purple rice bran, hydrophilic antioxidants are in greater quantity and have higher free radical scavenging activity than lipophilic antioxidants.",
"Anthocyanins and γ-tocols in purple rice are largely located in the inner portion of purple rice bran.",
"Comparative nutrition studies on red, black and white varieties of rice suggest that pigments in red and black rice varieties may offer nutritional benefits.",
"Red or black rice consumption was found to reduce or retard the progression of atherosclerotic plaque development, induced by dietary cholesterol, in mammals.",
"White rice consumption offered no similar benefits, and the study claims this to be due to absent antioxidants in red and black varieties of rice."
] |
[] |
Types of mount
|
What is the purpose of a telescope mount ?
|
Telescope
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0
] |
[
"A telescope mount is a mechanical structure which supports a telescope.",
"Telescope mounts are designed to support the mass of the telescope and allow for accurate pointing of the instrument.",
"Many sorts of mounts have been developed over the years, with the majority of effort being put into systems that can track the motion of the stars as the Earth rotates.",
"The two main types of tracking mount are:",
" Altazimuth mount",
" Equatorial mount"
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
Which national park is the most visited in the U.S.?
|
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
0,
2
] |
[
"Great Smoky Mountains National Park is a United States National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site that straddles the ridgeline of the Great Smoky Mountains, part of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which are a division of the larger Appalachian Mountain chain.",
"The border between Tennessee and North Carolina runs northeast to southwest through the centerline of the park.",
"It is the most visited national park in the United States.",
"On its route from Maine to Georgia, the Appalachian Trail also passes through the center of the park.",
"The park was chartered by the United States Congress in 1934 and officially dedicated by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1940.",
"It encompasses , making it one of the largest protected areas in the eastern United States.",
"The main park entrances are located along U.S. Highway 441 (Newfound Gap Road) at the towns of Gatlinburg, Tennessee, and Cherokee, North Carolina.",
"It was the first national park whose land and other costs were paid for in part with federal funds; previous parks were funded wholly with state money or private funds."
] |
[] |
Helms recordings
|
What version of 'Jingle Bell rock' is the most known in the world?
|
Jingle Bell Rock
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
"",
"\"Jingle Bell Rock\" has been performed by many, but Helms' version is the most known in the world.",
"Its title and some of its lyrics are takeoffs on the old Christmas standard, \"Jingle Bells.\"",
"It makes brief references to other popular songs of the 1950s, such as \"Rock Around the Clock,\" and mentions going to a \"Jingle hop.\"",
"An electric guitar played by Hank Garland can be heard playing the first notes to the chorus from \"Jingle Bells.",
"\"Despite being titled a Jingle Bell \"Rock\", Helms' version of the song was performed in the crossover style known as rockabilly.",
"Bobby Helms' original version on Decca 9-30513 from 1957, was re-recorded by him on Kapp K-719 in 1965 and yet again in 1967 on Little Darlin' LD-0038.",
"In 1970, Helms recorded an entire album titled \"Jingle Bell Rock\" on Certron C-7013, releasing from the album the title track on Certron C-10021 with a picture sleeve.",
"In yet another re-recording, Helms released a version on Ashley AS-4200 (year unknown).",
"In 1983, Bobby Helms released his last recording of \"Jingle Bell Rock\" on Black Rose 82713."
] |
[
0
] |
Pacific (1942–43)
|
What year did the Commonwealth forces retreat to India in WWII?
|
World War II
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
17
] |
[
"Pacific (1942–43).",
"By the end of April 1942, Japan and its ally Thailand had almost fully conquered Burma, Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, Singapore, and Rabaul, inflicting severe losses on Allied troops and taking a large number of prisoners.",
"Despite stubborn resistance at Corregidor, the US possession of the Philippines was eventually captured in May 1942, forcing its government into exile.",
"On 16 April, in Burma 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the Battle of Yenangyaung and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division.",
"Japanese forces also achieved naval victories in the South China Sea, Java Sea and Indian Ocean, and bombed the Allied naval base at Darwin, Australia.",
"The only real Allied success against Japan was a Chinese victory at Changsha in early January 1942.",
"These easy victories over unprepared opponents left Japan overconfident, as well as overextended.",
"In early May 1942, Japan initiated operations to capture Port Moresby by amphibious assault and thus sever communications and supply lines between the United States and Australia.",
"The Allies, however, prevented the invasion by intercepting and defeating the Japanese naval forces in the Battle of the Coral Sea.",
"Japan's next plan, motivated by the earlier Doolittle Raid, was to seize Midway Atoll and lure American carriers into battle to be eliminated; as a diversion, Japan would also send forces to occupy the Aleutian Islands in Alaska.",
"In early June, Japan put its operations into action but the Americans, having broken Japanese naval codes in late May, were fully aware of the plans and force dispositions and used this knowledge to achieve a decisive victory at Midway over the Imperial Japanese Navy.",
"With its capacity for aggressive action greatly diminished as a result of the Midway battle, Japan chose to focus on a belated attempt to capture Port Moresby by an overland campaign in the Territory of Papua.",
"The Americans planned a counter-attack against Japanese positions in the southern Solomon Islands, primarily Guadalcanal, as a first step towards capturing Rabaul, the main Japanese base in Southeast Asia.",
"Both plans started in July, but by mid-September, the Battle for Guadalcanal took priority for the Japanese, and troops in New Guinea were ordered to withdraw from the Port Moresby area to the northern part of the island, where they faced Australian and United States troops in the Battle of Buna-Gona.",
"Guadalcanal soon became a focal point for both sides with heavy commitments of troops and ships in the battle for Guadalcanal.",
"By the start of 1943, the Japanese were defeated on the island and withdrew their troops.",
"In Burma, Commonwealth forces mounted two operations.",
"The first, an offensive into the Arakan region in late 1942, went disastrously, forcing a retreat back to India by May 1943.",
"The second was the insertion of irregular forces behind Japanese front-lines in February which, by the end of April, had achieved mixed results."
] |
[
0
] |
Comparisons of technique
|
The wrist is not a muscle, it is what?
|
Badminton
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
6
] |
[
"Badminton and tennis techniques differ substantially.",
"The lightness of the shuttlecock and of badminton rackets allow badminton players to make use of the wrist and fingers much more than tennis players; in tennis the wrist is normally held stable, and playing with a mobile wrist may lead to injury.",
"For the same reasons, badminton players can generate power from a short racket swing: for some strokes such as net kills, an elite player's swing may be less than .",
"For strokes that require more power, a longer swing will typically be used, but the badminton racket swing will rarely be as long as a typical tennis swing.",
"It is often asserted that power in badminton strokes comes mainly from the wrist.",
"This is a misconception and may be criticised for two reasons.",
"First, it is strictly speaking a category error: the wrist is a joint, not a muscle; the forearm muscles control its movement.",
"Second, wrist movements are weak when compared to forearm or upper arm movements.",
"Badminton biomechanics have not been the subject of extensive scientific study, but some studies confirm the minor role of the wrist in power generation, and indicate that the major contributions to power come from internal and external rotations of the upper and lower arm.",
"Modern coaching resources such as the \"Badminton England Technique DVD\" reflect these ideas by emphasising forearm rotation rather than wrist movements."
] |
[
0
] |
Other properties
|
When was "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" first published?
|
Subatomic particle
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
5
] |
[
"Through the work of Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, and many others, current scientific theory holds that \"all\" particles also have a wave nature.",
"This has been verified not only for elementary particles but also for compound particles like atoms and even molecules.",
"In fact, according to traditional formulations of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, wave–particle duality applies to all objects, even macroscopic ones; although wave properties of macroscopic objects cannot be detected due to their small wavelengths.",
"Interactions between particles have been scrutinized for many centuries, and a few simple laws underpin how particles behave in collisions and interactions.",
"The most fundamental of these are the laws of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum, which let us make calculations of particle interactions on scales of magnitude that range from stars to quarks.",
"These are the prerequisite basics of Newtonian mechanics, a series of statements and equations in \"Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica\", originally published in 1687."
] |
[
2
] |
Plate tectonics
|
How is the geometry of the oceans determined?
|
Climate change
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
2
] |
[
"Over the course of millions of years, the motion of tectonic plates reconfigures global land and ocean areas and generates topography.",
"This can affect both global and local patterns of climate and atmosphere-ocean circulation.",
"The position of the continents determines the geometry of the oceans and therefore influences patterns of ocean circulation.",
"The locations of the seas are important in controlling the transfer of heat and moisture across the globe, and therefore, in determining global climate.",
"A recent example of tectonic control on ocean circulation is the formation of the Isthmus of Panama about 5 million years ago, which shut off direct mixing between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.",
"This strongly affected the ocean dynamics of what is now the Gulf Stream and may have led to Northern Hemisphere ice cover.",
"During the Carboniferous period, about 300 to 360 million years ago, plate tectonics may have triggered large-scale storage of carbon and increased glaciation.",
"Geologic evidence points to a \"megamonsoonal\" circulation pattern during the time of the supercontinent Pangaea, and climate modeling suggests that the existence of the supercontinent was conducive to the establishment of monsoons.",
"The size of continents is also important.",
"Because of the stabilizing effect of the oceans on temperature, yearly temperature variations are generally lower in coastal areas than they are inland.",
"A larger supercontinent will therefore have more area in which climate is strongly seasonal than will several smaller continents or islands."
] |
[
5
] |
Work in Florence
|
In what year was "Saint George" completed?
|
Donatello
| false | 3ART
|
[
5
] |
[
"In Florence, Donatello assisted Lorenzo Ghiberti with the statues of prophets for the north door of the Florence Baptistery, for which he received payment in November 1406 and early 1408.",
"In 1409–1411 he executed the colossal seated figure of \"Saint John the Evangelist\", which until 1588 occupied a niche of the old cathedral façade, and is now placed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo.",
"This work marks a decisive step forward from late Gothic Mannerism in the search for naturalism and the rendering of human feelings.",
"The face, the shoulders and the bust are still idealized, while the hands and the fold of cloth over the legs are more realistic.",
"In 1411–1413, Donatello worked on a statue of St. Mark for the guild church of Orsanmichele.",
"In 1417 he completed the \"Saint George\" for the Confraternity of the Cuirass-makers.",
"The elegant \"St. George and the Dragon\" relief on the statue's base, executed in schiacciato (a very low bas-relief) is one of the first examples of central-point perspective in sculpture.",
"From 1423 is the \"Saint Louis of Toulouse\" for the Orsanmichele, now in the Museum of the Basilica di Santa Croce.",
"Donatello had also sculpted the classical frame for this work, which remains, while the statue was moved in 1460 and replaced by \"Incredulity of Saint Thomas\" by Verrocchio.",
"Between 1415 and 1426, Donatello created five statues for the campanile of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, also known as the Duomo.",
"These works are the \"Beardless Prophet\"; \"Bearded Prophet\" (both from 1415); the \"Sacrifice of Isaac\" (1421); \"Habbakuk\" (1423–1425); and \"Jeremiah\" (1423–1426); which follow the classical models for orators and are characterized by strong portrait details.",
"From the late teens is the \"Pazzi Madonna\" relief in Berlin.",
"In 1425, he executed the notable \"Crucifix\" for Santa Croce; this work portrays Christ in a moment of the agony, eyes and mouth partially opened, the body contracted in an ungraceful posture.",
"From 1425–1427, Donatello collaborated with Michelozzo on the funerary monument of the Antipope John XXIII for the Battistero in Florence.",
"Donatello made the recumbent bronze figure of the deceased, under a shell.",
"In 1427, he completed in Pisa a marble relief for the funerary monument of Cardinal Rainaldo Brancacci at the church of Sant'Angelo a Nilo in Naples.",
"In the same period, he executed the relief of the \"Feast of Herod\" and the statues of \"Faith\" and \"Hope\" for the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Siena.",
"The relief is mostly in \"stiacciato\", with the foreground figures are done in bas-relief."
] |
[
0
] |
Thailand
|
Are there more than one variety of sausage in thai cuisine?
|
Sausage
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
0
] |
[
"There are many varieties of sausages known to Thai cuisine, some of which are specialities of a specific region of Thailand.",
"From northern Thailand comes \"sai ua\", a grilled minced pork sausage flavored with curry paste and fresh herbs.",
"Another grilled sausage is called \"sai krok Isan\", a fermented sausage with a distinctive slightly sour taste from northeastern Thailand (the region also known as Isan).",
"Both sausages are commonly eaten with sticky rice, fresh vegetables, and a fresh \"nam phrik\" (Thai chilli paste) or some raw bird's eye chilies.",
"They might also be served together with a refreshing Thai salad such as \"som tum\" (green papaya salad).",
"Also very popular in Thailand is \"naem\", a raw fermented pork sausage similar to the Vietnamese \"nem chua\" and Laotian \"som moo\".",
"This variety of sausage is often encountered as \"yam naem\" and \"naem khluk\", both of which are Thai salads.",
"Adopted from Vietnam comes \"mu yo\".",
"It is somewhat similar in taste and texture to liverwurst and, served with a \"nam chim\" (Thai dipping sauce), a popular snack in Thailand.",
"It too can be used as an ingredient for Thai salads and as a meat ingredient in, for instance, Thai soups.",
"\"Kun chiang\" is a dry and sweet Chinese sausage which has also been incorporated into the Thai culinary culture.",
"Known as \"lap cheong\" by Cantonese, in Thailand it is most often used, again, as an ingredient for a Thai salad, \"yam kun chiang\", one that is normally only eaten together with \"khao tom kui\", a plain rice congee.",
"A host of modern, factory-made, sausages have become popular as snacks in recent years.",
"These most often resemble hot-dogs and frankfurters and are commonly sold grilled or deep-fried at street stalls, and served with a sweet, sticky and slightly spicy soy-based sauce."
] |
[] |
Broadcast history
|
The Gilmore Girls were aired for how many seasons?
|
Gilmore Girls
| true | 1TV
|
[
11
] |
[
"",
"\"Gilmore Girls\" first season commenced in the Thursday 8pm/7pm Central time slot, as a lead in for \"Charmed\".",
"Renewed for a second season, the show was relocated on Tuesdays 8pm/7pm, the time slot of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", which transferred to UPN, and served as a lead-in for \"Smallville\".",
"In its syndicated release in the United States, the show airs on the ABC Family Channel, and from 2009-2013, aired in weekend timeslots on their sister network SOAPnet, which closed at the start of 2014.",
"First season reruns aired on Monday nights from March until May 2001 while \"Roswell\" was on hiatus.",
"An additional run of the first season aired in summer of 2002 on Sunday nights under the title \"Gilmore Girls Beginnings\", and was one of two shows on The WB to give the \"Beginnings\" in its title for reruns (the other being \"7th Heaven\").",
"In the United Kingdom \"Gilmore Girls\" was initially screened on Nickelodeon from 2003.",
"It remains the only hour-long series to air thereon to date.",
"Only the first three seasons were shown, with episodes edited for content and some, like \"The Big One,\" dropped entirely.",
"The series was subsequently picked up by the Hallmark Channel, which gave UK premieres to Seasons 4 and 5, and E4, which continues to show all seven seasons in rotation, with occasional cuts to render it suitable for its early time slot.",
"On 16 January 2012, Gilmore Girls aired its final episode on UK Channel E4.",
"All seven seasons are now being aired, unedited, on 5*.",
"In Brazil and Mexico, the show premiered in November 5, 2000 on Warner Channel.",
"Then it was shown Boomerang across Latin America."
] |
[
5
] |
Abstract
|
"We Are Young" was released on which day?
|
We Are Young
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
"\"We Are Young\" is a song recorded by American band Fun featuring Janelle Monáe, for their second studio album \"Some Nights\" (2012).",
"It was released on September 20, 2011 as the lead single from \"Some Nights\".",
"Musically, \"We Are Young\" is an anthem that incorporates the genres of indie pop, alternative rock, and power pop.",
"The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, with many noting the song as a breakthrough for the indie genre and praising the song's catchiness.",
"\"We Are Young\" has attained commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in several countries.",
"The track initially only gained attention from online media, although it did receive its first commercial radio airplay on Tampa Bay alternative radio station, 97X, debuting on September 19, 2011.",
"However, it was soon covered by the television show \"Glee\".",
"With the \"Glee\" version having success on the charts, the song was licensed for use in a Chevrolet Sonic commercial that aired during Super Bowl XLVI.",
"The single song propelled the band into mainstream success, topping the digital charts in February 2012 and becoming a crossover hit, peaking at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 through airplay on contemporary hit radio stations, topping the chart for six weeks straight.",
"It is also the first song to log seven weeks of 300,000 or more in digital sales, a record that was previously held by Eminem's \"Love the Way You Lie\" (2010).",
"\"We Are Young\" has been certified five-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, and is both Fun and Monáe's first charting single on the Hot 100, as well as their first number-one single.",
"The song also topped the Hot 100 Airplay chart with 120 million impressions in seven weeks, becoming the first group since Destiny's Child's \"Survivor\" (2001) to do so.",
"The song was named 99th on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Songs of All-time.",
"An accompanying music video was directed by Marc Klasfeld at David Sukonick Concert Hall in Los Angeles.",
"It features the group performing on a stage at a bar where a riot breaks out.",
"As part of promotion for the song, it was performed at the 2011 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, the American late night television show \"Conan\", and was used as the opening song at the 2012 MTV Movie Awards.",
"The song is featured in the music video game, \"Rock Band Blitz\".",
"The song won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 55th Grammy Awards, where it was also a nominee for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance."
] |
[] |
Health
|
How many ministries have merged?
|
Belgium
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
10
] |
[
"The Belgians are known to enjoy good health.",
"According to 2012 estimates, the average life expectancy is 79.65 years.",
"Since 1960, life expectancy has, in line with the European average, grown by two months per year.",
"Death in Belgium is mainly due to heart and vascular disorders, neoplasms, disorders of the respiratory system and unnatural causes of death (accidents, suicide).",
"Non-natural causes of death and cancer are the most common causes of death for females up to age 24 and males up to age 44.",
"Healthcare in Belgium is financed through both social security contributions and taxation.",
"Health insurance is compulsory.",
"Health care is delivered by a mostly private system of independent medical practitioners and hospitals.",
"Most of the time each provided service is directly paid by the patient and reimbursed later on by health insurance companies.",
"Belgian health care system is supervised and financed by the federal government, the three Communities and the three Regions, i.e.",
"six distinct Ministries (the Flemish Community and Region have merged)."
] |
[
5
] |
Legacy
|
What year was it ranked as the #2 break up song by VH1?
|
Every Breath You Take
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
1
] |
[
"In 1999, \"Every Breath You Take\" was listed as one of the Top 100 Songs of the Century by BMI.",
"In 2003, VH1 ranked the song the #2 greatest Break-up song of all time.",
"And also as of 2003, Sting was still taking in an average of $2000 per day in royalties for the then 20-year-old song \"Every Breath You Take.",
"\"In October 2007, Sting was awarded a Million-Air certificate for 9 million airplays of \"Every Breath You Take\" at the prestigious BMI Awards show in London, with only Van Morrison's \"Brown Eyed Girl\" a close second at 8 million air plays.",
"Sting performed the song in front of an audience of 1.9 billion people at Live Aid in 1985, with Phil Collins providing additional vocals.",
"Sting performed it again, 20 years later, at Live 8."
] |
[
0
] |
States and processes
|
What is the working body referred to?
|
Thermodynamics
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
14
] |
[
"There are three fundamental kinds of entity in thermodynamics, states of a system, processes of a system, and thermodynamic operations.",
"This allows three fundamental approaches to thermodynamic reasoning, that in terms of states of thermodynamic equilibrium of a system, and that in terms of time-invariant processes of a system, and that in terms of cyclic processes of a system.",
"The approach through states of thermodynamic equilibrium of a system requires a full account of the state of the system as well as a notion of process from one state to another of a system, but may require only an idealized or partial account of the state of the surroundings of the system or of other systems.",
"The method of description in terms of states of thermodynamic equilibrium has limitations.",
"For example, processes in a region of turbulent flow, or in a burning gas mixture, or in a Knudsen gas may be beyond \"the province of thermodynamics\".",
"This problem can sometimes be circumvented through the method of description in terms of cyclic or of time-invariant flow processes.",
"This is part of the reason why the founders of thermodynamics often preferred the cyclic process description.",
"Approaches through processes of time-invariant flow of a system are used for some studies.",
"Some processes, for example Joule-Thomson expansion, are studied through steady-flow experiments, but can be accounted for by distinguishing the steady bulk flow kinetic energy from the internal energy, and thus can be regarded as within the scope of classical thermodynamics defined in terms of equilibrium states or of cyclic processes.",
"Other flow processes, for example thermoelectric effects, are essentially defined by the presence of differential flows or diffusion so that they cannot be adequately accounted for in terms of equilibrium states or classical cyclic processes.",
"The notion of a cyclic process does not require a full account of the state of the system, but does require a full account of how the process occasions transfers of matter and energy between the principal system (which is often called the \"working body\") and its surroundings, which must include at least two heat reservoirs at different known and fixed temperatures, one hotter than the principal system and the other colder than it, as well as a reservoir that can receive energy from the system as work and can do work on the system.",
"The reservoirs can alternatively be regarded as auxiliary idealized component systems, alongside the principal system.",
"Thus an account in terms of cyclic processes requires at least four contributory component systems.",
"The independent variables of this account are the amounts of energy that enter and leave the idealized auxiliary systems.",
"In this kind of account, the working body is often regarded as a \"black box\", and its own state is not specified.",
"In this approach, the notion of a properly numerical scale of empirical temperature is a presupposition of thermodynamics, not a notion constructed by or derived from it."
] |
[
0
] |
Marketing
|
what smartphone app translates minion language?
|
Despicable Me
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
4
] |
[
"Marketing.NBC (which is owned by Universal) had an extensive marketing campaign leading up to the film's release.",
"Sneak peeks were shown in episodes of \"The Biggest Loser\".",
"\"Despicable Me\" was also featured on \"Last Comic Standing\" when Gru comes in to audition.",
"IHOP restaurants promoted the film by introducing three new menu items, a kids' breakfast meal, and a drink all having the word \"minion\" in them.",
"Best Buy released a free smartphone application called \"Best Buy Movie Mode\", which translated what the Minions were saying during the end credits of the 3D theatrical release.",
"For the home media release of the film, the application was updated to translate the Minions' language throughout the entire film."
] |
[
0
] |
Juice bars
|
What three ingredients are sometimes used as "boosters" for beverages at a juice bar?
|
Juice
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
2
] |
[
" bars.",
"A juice bar is an establishment that primarily serves prepared juice beverages such as freshly squeezed or extracted fruit juices, juice blends, fruit smoothies (a thick fruit drink, often iced), or other juices such as fresh wheatgrass juice.",
"Sometimes other solid ingredients or nutritional supplements may be added as boosters, such as fresh bananas, eggs, nuts or nut butter, bodybuilding supplements, soy protein powder or others such as whey or hemp protein powders, wheat germ, or Spirulina (dietary supplement) or Chlorella.",
"Also if less juice is used with these same ingredients drinks called health shakes may be produced.",
"Juice bars share some of the characteristics of a coffeehouse, a soda fountain, a café, and a snack bar.",
"Juice bars may be stand alone businesses in cities, or located at gyms, along commuter areas, near lunch time areas, at beaches, and at tourist attractions.",
"In Mexico, juice bars have become more popular in recent times.",
"Mexican juice bars will often sell healthy beverages and snacks that are popular in Mexico."
] |
[
0
] |
In popular culture
|
Which 1986 comedy featured this painting?
|
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
| true | 3ART
|
[
3
] |
[
"The January 1974 \"Playboy\" magazine featured Nancy Cameron, its Playmate of the Month, on its cover superimposed on the painting in similar style.",
"The painting was the basis for the 1984 Broadway musical \"Sunday In The Park With George\" by Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine.",
"Subsequently the painting is sometimes referred to by the misnomer \"\"Sunday in the Park\"\".",
"The painting is prominently featured in the 1986 comedy film \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\".",
"At the Old Deaf School Park in Columbus, Ohio, sculptor James T. Mason recreated the painting in topiary form; the installation was completed in 1989.",
"The painting was the inspiration for the commemorative poster printed for the 1993 Detroit Belle Isle Grand Prix, with racing cars and the Detroit skyline added.",
"The painting was featured, among others, in a scene from \"\".",
"It also featured in an episode of Family Guy, when Stewie visits an art museum; both times a parody of the famous \"Ferris Bueller\" sequence."
] |
[] |
Irish and Australian varieties
|
What is Auskick?
|
Football
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
2
] |
[
" Australian rules football — officially known as \"Australian football\", and informally as \"football\", \"footy\" or \"Aussie rules\".",
"In some areas it is referred to as \"AFL\", the name of the main organising body and competition",
"* Auskick — a version of Australian rules designed by the AFL for young children",
"* Metro footy (or Metro rules footy) — a modified version invented by the USAFL, for use on gridiron fields in North American cities (which often lack grounds large enough for conventional Australian rules matches)",
"* Kick-to-kick – informal versions of the game",
"* 9-a-side footy — a more open, running variety of Australian rules, requiring 18 players in total and a proportionally smaller playing area (includes contact and non-contact varieties)",
"* Rec footy — \"Recreational Football\", a modified non-contact variation of Australian rules, created by the AFL, which replaces tackles with tags",
"* Touch Aussie Rules — a non-contact variation of Australian Rules played only in the United Kingdom",
"* Samoa rules — localised version adapted to Samoan conditions, such as the use of rugby football fields",
"* Masters Australian football (a.k.a.",
"\"Superules\") — reduced contact version introduced for competitions limited to players over 30 years of age",
"* Women's Australian rules football — women's competition played with a smaller ball and (sometimes) reduced contact",
" Gaelic football — Played predominantly in Ireland.",
"Commonly referred to as \"football\" or \"Gaelic\"",
"*Ladies Gaelic football",
" International rules football — a compromise code used for games between Gaelic and Australian Rules players"
] |
[
0
] |
Development and production
|
who was the actor that played the role of Julian?
|
How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life)
| false | 1TV
|
[
4
] |
[
"In January 2012, ABC placed a pilot order for \"How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life)\".",
"Claudia Lonow wrote the pilot episode, and serves as showrunner and head writer.",
"Lonow also executive produces the series alongside Brian Grazer and Francie Calfo, under their production company Imagine Entertainment.",
"Casting announcements began in February 2012, with Sarah Chalke first cast in the lead role of Polly, the recently divorced mother who moves back in with her parents.",
"Jon Dore then joined the series in the role of Julian, Polly's ex-husband.",
"Following Dore, Elizabeth Perkins signed on to play the role of Elaine, Polly's optimistic and outspoken mother.",
"Next to board the series was Rachel Eggleston as Natalie, Polly and Julian's six-year-old daughter.",
"Brad Garrett then joined the series as Max, Polly's stepfather, who owns a successful chain of nightclubs.",
"Rebecca Delgado Smith boarded the series in the role of Jenn, Polly's co-worker who occasionally helps Polly with her dating problems.",
"Orlando Jones completed the main cast in the series when he signed on to play the role of Gregg, Polly's married best friend and co-worker.",
"On May 11, 2012, ABC placed a series order for the comedy.",
"Shortly after the series order was placed, Rebecca Delgado Smith and Orlando Jones were dropped from the cast.",
"Smith's role was subsequently recast with Stephanie Hunt.",
"The series went into production early and the first season was completed by November 2012."
] |
[
3
] |
Emission mechanism
|
What does the energy of the emitted electrons depend on?
|
Photoelectric effect
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
4
] |
[
"The photons of a light beam have a characteristic energy proportional to the frequency of the light.",
"In the photoemission process, if an electron within some material absorbs the energy of one photon and acquires more energy than the work function (the electron binding energy) of the material, it is ejected.",
"If the photon energy is too low, the electron is unable to escape the material.",
"Since an increase in the intensity of low-frequency light will only increase the number of low-energy photons sent over a given interval of time, this change in intensity will not create any single photon with enough energy to dislodge an electron.",
"Thus, the energy of the emitted electrons does not depend on the intensity of the incoming light, but only on the energy (equivalently frequency) of the individual photons.",
"It is an interaction between the incident photon and the outermost electrons.",
"Electrons can absorb energy from photons when irradiated, but they usually follow an \"all or nothing\" principle.",
"All of the energy from one photon must be absorbed and used to liberate one electron from atomic binding, or else the energy is re-emitted.",
"If the photon energy is absorbed, some of the energy liberates the electron from the atom, and the rest contributes to the electron's kinetic energy as a free particle."
] |
[
0
] |
The Dowding System
|
Who forwarded information of interest to Group Headquarters?
|
Battle of Britain
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
6
] |
[
"RAF strategy.",
"The Dowding System.",
"During early tests of the Chain Home system, the slow flow of information from the CH radars and observers to the aircraft often caused them to miss their \"bandits\".",
"The solution, today known as the \"Dowding system\", was to create a set of reporting chains to move information from the various observation points to the pilots in their fighters.",
"It was named after its chief architect, \"Stuffy\" Dowding.",
"Reports from CH radars and the Royal Observer Corps were sent directly to Fighter Command Headquarters (FCHQ) where they were \"filtered\" to combine multiple reports of the same formations into single tracks.",
"Telephone operators would then forward only the information of interest to the Group headquarters, where the map would be re-created.",
"This process was repeated to produce another version of the map at the Sector level, covering a much smaller area.",
"Looking over their maps, Group level commanders could select squadrons to attack particular targets.",
"From that point the Sector operators would give commands to the fighters to arrange an interception, as well as return them to base.",
"Sector stations also controlled the anti-aircraft batteries in their area; an army officer sat beside each fighter controller and directed the gun crews when to open and cease fire.",
"The Dowding system dramatically improved the speed and accuracy of the information that flowed to the pilots.",
"During the early war period it was expected that an average interception mission might have a 30% chance of ever seeing their target.",
"During the Battle, the Dowding system maintained an average rate over 75%, with several examples of 100% rates - every fighter dispatched found and intercepted its target.",
"Luftwaffe fighters randomly found targets and often returned home having never seen an enemy aircraft.",
"The result is what is now known as an example of \"force multiplication\"; RAF fighters were as effective as two or more Luftwaffe fighters, greatly offsetting, or overturning, the disparity in actual numbers."
] |
[
3
] |
Flick
|
When is a shot called a flick?
|
Table tennis
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
1
] |
[
"When a player tries to attack a ball that has not bounced beyond the edge of the table, the player does not have the room to wind up in a \"backswing\".",
"The ball \"may still be attacked\", however, and the resulting shot is called a flick because the backswing is compressed into a quick wrist action.",
"A flick is not a single stroke and can resemble either a drive or a loop in its characteristics.",
"What identifies the stroke is the backswing is compressed into a short wrist flick."
] |
[
2
] |
Abstract
|
When did the Battle of Moscow take place?
|
Battle of Moscow
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
1
] |
[
"The Battle of Moscow is the name given by Soviet historians to two periods of strategically significant fighting on a sector of the Eastern Front during World War II.",
"It took place between October 1941 and January 1942.",
"The Soviet defensive effort frustrated Hitler's attack on Moscow, capital of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the largest Soviet city.",
"Moscow was one of the primary military and political objectives for Axis forces in their invasion of the Soviet Union.",
"The German strategic offensive named Operation Typhoon was planned to conduct two pincer offensives, one to the north of Moscow against the Kalinin Front by the 3rd and 4th Panzer Armies, simultaneously severing the Moscow–Leningrad railway, and another to the south of Moscow Oblast against the Western Front, south of Tula by the 2nd Panzer Army, while the 4th Army advanced directly towards Moscow from the west.",
"A separate operational German plan, codenamed \"Operation Wotan\", was included in the final phase of the German offensive.",
"Initially, the Soviet forces conducted a strategic defence of the Moscow Oblast by constructing three defensive belts, and deploying newly raised reserve armies as well as bringing troops from the Siberian and Far Eastern Military Districts.",
"Subsequently, as the German offensives were halted, a Soviet strategic counter-offensive and smaller-scale offensive operations were executed to force German armies back to the positions around the cities of Oryol, Vyazma and Vitebsk, nearly surrounding three German armies in the process."
] |
[
2
] |
Live performances
|
When did Swift first perform the song live?
|
We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
0
] |
[
" Swift performed the song live for the first time at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards on September 6, 2012, which was held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles.",
"Swift was the last performance of the night and, wearing a red and white striped shirt and black shorts, began her performance in an area resembling a recording studio before taking the stage along with her back-up singers, dancers and band (in animal costumes) took the stage.",
" Swift also performed the song live at the iHeartRadio Music Festival.",
" She performed the song on the British version of \"The X Factor\" on October 14, 2012.",
" Swift performed the song on the German TV show \"Schlag Den Raab\".",
" On January 25, 2013, Swift performed \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\" at the Los Premios 40 Principales in Spain.",
" The next day, she performed it in Cannes, France during the NRJ Music Awards.",
" On February 10, 2013, Swift performed the song at the 2013 Grammy Awards, opening the ceremony.",
" She performs the song on her Red Tour nightly as the finale."
] |
[
2
] |
Fauna
|
When was nannarupp Hoffmann centipedes discovered at central park
|
Central Park
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
16
] |
[
" Birds:",
"The first official list of birds observed in Central Park was drawn up by Augustus G. Paine, Jr.. Paine was an avid hobby ornithologist and, together with his friend Lewis B. Woodruff, drew up a list of birds counting 235 species.",
"This was regarded as the first official list and was published in \"Forest and Stream\" on June 10, 1886.",
"An article in \"The New Yorker\" on August 26, 1974 calls attention to this early list.",
"Over the decades the list has been updated and changed.",
"The park is frequented by various migratory species of birds during their Spring and Fall migration on the Atlantic Flyway.",
"Over a quarter of all the bird species found in the United States have been seen in Central Park.",
"One of these species is the Red-tailed hawk, which re-established a presence in the park when a male hawk known as Pale Male for his light coloration, nested on a building on Fifth Avenue, across the street from the park.",
"He became a local media celebrity and a prolific breeder.",
"Central Park was the site of the misguided unleashing of European starlings in North America, a native of Eurasia which has become an invasive species.",
"In April, 1890, eighty birds were released by Eugene Schieffelin, and the following March another eighty; these one hundred and sixty birds are the progenitors of the flocks which now span the United States and parts of Canada.",
" Mammals",
"* Raccoon (\"Procyon lotor\"): nocturnal tree dwellers that come down to ground level to feed at night, have become extremely common in Central Park in recent years, prompting the Parks Department to post rabies warnings around certain areas.",
"* Eastern gray squirrel, or grey squirrel (\"Sciurus carolinensis\"), is a tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus native to the eastern and midwestern United States.",
"* Eastern Chipmunk (\"Tamias striatus\"): although not commonly sighted, there are chipmunks in Central Park.",
"* Virginia Opossum (\"Didelphis virginiana\"): a nocturnal marsupial that rests in trees during the day and searches for food on the ground at night.",
" Arthropods: In 2002 a new genus and species of centipede (\"Nannarrup hoffmani\") was discovered in Central Park.",
"At about long, it is one of the smallest centipedes in the world."
] |
[
2
] |
Cardio dance DVDs
|
Where is jive, quickstep and swing featured?
|
Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)
| true | 1TV
|
[
6
] |
[
"Cardio dance DVDs.",
"A DVD titled \"Dancing With The Stars: Cardio Dance\" was released on April 3, 2007 featuring Kym Johnson, Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Ashly DelGrosso.",
"The program contains cardiovascular workouts adapted from Cha-cha, paso doble, samba, and jive dance routines.",
"A second DVD \"Dancing with the Stars: Latin Cardio Dance\" was released on September 13, 2008 featuring Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Cheryl Burke.",
"The program contains cardiovascular workouts adapted from Cha-cha, Merengue, Samba and Mambo dance routines.",
"A third and fourth DVD was released featuring Kym Johnson, Dmitry Chaplin, and Lacey Schwimmer.",
"One DVD is called \"Dance off the Pounds\" and features three dances: the jive, the quickstep, and swing.",
"The other is \"Dance Body Tone\" and features a Latin dance mix, the tango, and freestyle dance mix.",
"Julianne Hough, two time \"DWTS\" winner, has also released her own workout DVD called \"Dance with Julianne: Cardio Ballroom\".",
"It includes the Paso Doble, the Cha-Cha, and the Jive.",
"It was released on December 15, 2009.",
"Julianne Hough, released her second workout DVD called \"Dance With Julianne: Just Dance\".",
"It includes Jazz, Hip Hop, Box Step, Three Step and Dance Classics.",
"It was released on November 9, 2010."
] |
[
4
] |
States and territories
|
What kind of government is in Australia?
|
Australia
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
1,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
17,
18
] |
[
"Australia has six states—New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (QLD), South Australia (SA), Tasmania (TAS), Victoria (VIC) and Western Australia (WA)—and two major mainland territories—the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the Northern Territory (NT).",
"In most respects these two territories function as states, but the Commonwealth Parliament can override any legislation of their parliaments.",
"By contrast, federal legislation overrides state legislation only in areas that are set out in Section 51 of the Australian Constitution; state parliaments retain all residual legislative powers, including those over schools, state police, the state judiciary, roads, public transport and local government, since these do not fall under the provisions listed in Section 51.",
"Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament—unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland—and bicameral in the other states.",
"The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution.",
"The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council.",
"The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister.",
"The Queen is represented in each state by a Governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator.",
"In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.",
"The federal parliament directly administers the following territories:",
" Ashmore and Cartier Islands",
" Australian Antarctic Territory",
" Christmas Island",
" Cocos (Keeling) Islands",
" Coral Sea Islands",
" Heard Island and McDonald Islands",
" Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales",
"Norfolk Island is also technically an external territory; however, under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 it has been granted more autonomy and is governed locally by its own legislative assembly.",
"The Queen is represented by an Administrator."
] |
[
0
] |
Cross section
|
How is the probability of photoelectric effect occurring calculated?
|
Photoelectric effect
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
6
] |
[
"The photoelectric effect is one interaction mechanism between photons and atoms.",
"It is one of 12 theoretically possible interactions.",
"At the high photon energies comparable to the electron rest energy of , Compton scattering, another process, may take place.",
"Above twice this () pair production may take place.",
"Compton scattering and pair production are examples of two other competing mechanisms.",
"Indeed, even if the photoelectric effect is the favoured reaction for a particular single-photon bound-electron interaction, the result is also subject to statistical processes and is not guaranteed, albeit the photon has certainly disappeared and a bound electron has been excited (usually K or L shell electrons at gamma ray energies).",
"The probability of the photoelectric effect occurring is measured by the cross section of interaction, σ.",
"This has been found to be a function of the atomic number of the target atom and photon energy.",
"A crude approximation, for photon energies above the highest atomic binding energy, is given by:formula_19Here Z is atomic number and \"n\" is a number which varies between 4 and 5.",
"(At lower photon energies a characteristic structure with edges appears, K edge, L edges, M edges, etc.)",
"The obvious interpretation follows that the photoelectric effect rapidly decreases in significance, in the gamma ray region of the spectrum, with increasing photon energy, and that photoelectric effect increases steeply with atomic number.",
"The corollary is that high-Z materials make good gamma-ray shields, which is the principal reason that lead (Z = 82) is a preferred and ubiquitous gamma radiation shield."
] |
[
5
] |
Modern competitive archery
|
What is Para-Archery?
|
Archery
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
3
] |
[
"Competitive archery involves shooting arrows at a target for accuracy from a set distance or distances.",
"This is the most popular form of competitive archery worldwide and is called target archery.",
"A form particularly popular in Europe and America is field archery, shot at targets generally set at various distances in a wooded setting.",
"Para-Archery is an adaptation of archery for athletes with a disability.",
"It is governed by the World Archery Federation (WA), and is one of the sports in the Summer Paralympic Games.",
"There are also several other lesser-known and historical forms of archery, as well as archery novelty games and flight archery, where the aim is to shoot the greatest distance."
] |
[
0
] |
Ethnicity
|
Where is the highest concentration of the Kinh population located?
|
Vietnam
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
1
] |
[
"According to the 2009 census, the dominant Viet or Kinh ethnic group constituted nearly 73.6 million people, or 85.8% of the population.",
"The Kinh population is concentrated mainly in the alluvial deltas and coastal plains of the country.",
"A largely homogeneous social and ethnic group, the Kinh possess significant political and economic influence over the country.",
"However, Vietnam is also home to 54 ethnic minority groups, including the Hmong, Dao, Tay, Thai, and Nùng.",
"Many ethnic minorities – such as the Muong, who are closely related to the Kinh – dwell in the highlands, which cover two-thirds of Vietnam's territory.",
"Before the Vietnam War, the population of the Central Highlands was almost exclusively Degar (including over 40 tribal groups); however, Ngô Đình Diệm's South Vietnamese government enacted a program of resettling Kinh in indigenous areas.",
"The Hoa (ethnic Chinese) and Khmer Krom people are mainly lowlanders.",
"As Sino-Vietnamese relations soured in 1978 and 1979, some 450,000 Hoa left Vietnam."
] |
[
4
] |
Beginnings
|
What year marked the construction of Six Flags Over Texas?
|
Six Flags
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
3
] |
[
"The name refers to the flags of the six different nations that have governed Texas: Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of Texas, the United States of America, and the Confederate States of America.",
"The original park was (and still is) split into separate regions, such as the \"Spain and Mexico\" section which featured Spanish-themed rides, attractions, and buildings.",
"The Six Flags chain originated in 1959 with the creation of \"The Great Southwest Corporation\" by Angus G. Wynne and other investors.",
"Construction of \"Six Flags Over Texas\" started in 1960, and the park was opened the next year for a short (45-day) season.",
"The first park initially featured a Native American village, a gondola ride, a railroad, some Wild West shows, a stagecoach ride, and \"Skull Island\", a pirate-themed adventure attraction.",
"There was also an excursion, inspired by the historical La Salle Expeditions in the late 1600s, called \"LaSalle's River Adventure\", aboard French riverboats through a wilderness full of animated puppets.",
"Over time, all of those attractions, except for the railroad, would be replaced by others, such as roller coasters, swing rides, log flumes, and shoot-the-chute rides, as well as an observation tower."
] |
[
0
] |
Origins
|
What were Seth MacFarlane's inspirations for Family Guy?
|
Family Guy
| true | 1TV
|
[
10
] |
[
"MacFarlane initially conceived \"Family Guy\" in 1995 while studying animation at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD).",
"During college, he created his thesis film entitled \"The Life of Larry\", which was submitted by his professor at RISD to Hanna-Barbera.",
"MacFarlane was hired by the company.",
"In 1996 MacFarlane created a sequel to \"The Life of Larry\" entitled \"Larry and Steve\", which featured a middle-aged character named Larry and an intellectual dog, Steve; the short was broadcast in 1997 as one of Cartoon Network's \"World Premiere Toons\".",
"Executives at Fox saw the \"Larry\" shorts and contracted MacFarlane to create a series, entitled \"Family Guy\", based on the characters.",
"Fox proposed MacFarlane complete a 15-minute short, and gave him a budget of $50,000.",
"Several aspects of \"Family Guy\" were inspired by the \"Larry shorts\".",
"While working on the series, the characters of Larry and his dog Steve slowly evolved into Peter and Brian.",
"MacFarlane stated that the difference between \"The Life of Larry\" and \"Family Guy\" was that \"\"Life of Larry\" was shown primarily in my dorm room and \"Family Guy\" was shown after the Super Bowl.\"",
"After the pilot aired, the series was given the green light.",
"MacFarlane drew inspiration from several sitcoms such as \"The Simpsons\" and \"All in the Family\".",
"Premises were drawn from several 1980s Saturday morning cartoons he watched as a child, such as \"The Fonz and the Happy Days Gang\" and \"Rubik, the Amazing Cube\".",
"The Griffin family first appeared on the demo that MacFarlane pitched to Fox on May 15, 1998.",
"\"Family Guy\" was originally planned to start out as short movies for the sketch show \"MADtv\", but the plan changed because MADtv's budget was not large enough to support animation production.",
"MacFarlane noted that he then wanted to pitch it to Fox, as he thought that that was the place to create a prime-time animation show.",
"\"Family Guy\" was originally pitched to Fox in the same year as \"King of the Hill\", but the show was not bought until years later, when \"King of the Hill\" became successful.",
"Fox ordered 13 episodes of \"Family Guy\" to air in midseason after MacFarlane impressed executives with a seven-minute demo."
] |
[
0
] |
Rivalry with Matisse
|
Where did Matisse shock the public with "Blue Nude"?
|
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
| false | 3ART
|
[
9
] |
[
"The Salon d'Automne of 1905 brought notoriety and attention to the works of Henri Matisse and the Les Fauves group.",
"The latter gained their name after critic Louis Vauxcelles described their work with the phrase \"Donatello au milieu des fauves!\"",
"(\"Donatello among the wild beasts\"), contrasting the paintings with a Renaissance-type sculpture that shared the room with them.",
"Henri Rousseau (1844–1910), an artist that Picasso knew and admired and who was not a Fauve, had his large jungle scene \"The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope\" also hanging near the works by Matisse and which may have had an influence on the particular sarcastic term used in the press.",
"Vauxcelles' comment was printed on 17 October 1905 in the daily newspaper \"Gil Blas\", and passed into popular usage.",
"Although the pictures were widely derided—\"A pot of paint has been flung in the face of the public\", declared the critic Camille Mauclair (1872–1945)—they also attracted some favorable attention.",
"The painting that was singled out for the most attacks was Matisse's \"Woman with a Hat\"; the purchase of this work by Gertrude and Leo Stein had a very positive effect on Matisse, who was suffering demoralization from the bad reception of his work.",
"Matisse's notoriety and preeminence as the leader of the new movement in modern painting continued to build throughout 1906 and 1907, and Matisse attracted a following of artists including Georges Braque (1880–1963), André Derain (1880–1954), Maurice de Vlaminck (1876–1958).",
"Picasso's work had passed through his Blue period and his Rose period and while he had a considerable following his reputation was tame in comparison to his rival Matisse.",
"To make matters worse Matisse shocked the French public again at the 1907 Société des Artistes Indépendants when he exhibited his painting \"Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra),\" completed in early 1907.",
"The \"Blue Nude\" was one of the paintings that would later create an international sensation at the Armory Show of 1913 in New York City.",
"By the spring of 1907 when he began to paint \"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon\", until its completion later in the year, Picasso was vying with Matisse for the preeminent position of being the perceived new leader of Modern painting.",
"Upon its completion the shock and the impact of the painting propelled Picasso into the center of controversy and all but knocked Matisse and Fauvism off the map, virtually ending the movement by the following year.",
"In 1907 Picasso joined the art gallery that had recently been opened in Paris by Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (1884–1979).",
"Kahnweiler was a German art historian, art collector who became one of the premier French art dealers of the 20th century.",
"He became prominent in Paris beginning in 1907 for being among the first champions of Pablo Picasso, and especially his painting \"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.\"",
"Before 1910 Picasso was already being recognized as one of the important leaders of Modern art alongside Henri Matisse who had been the undisputed leader of Fauvism and who was more than ten years older than he was and his contemporaries the Fauvist André Derain and the former Fauvist and fellow Cubist, Georges Braque.",
"In his 1992 essay \"Reflections on Matisse\", the art critic Hilton Kramer wrote, ",
"After the impact of \"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon\", however, Matisse was never again mistaken for an avant-garde incendiary.",
"With the bizarre painting that appalled and electrified the cognoscenti, which understood the \"Les Demoiselles\" was at once a response to Matisse's \"Le bonheur de vivre\" (1905–1906) and an assault upon the tradition from which it derived, Picasso effectively appropriated the role of avant-garde \"wild beast\"—a role that, as far as public opinion was concerned, he was never to relinquish.",
"Kramer goes on to say, ",
"Whereas Matisse had drawn upon a long tradition of European painting—from Giorgione, Poussin, and Watteau to Ingres, Cézanne, and Gauguin—to create a modern version of a pastoral paradise in \"Le bonheur de vivre\", Picasso had turned to an alien tradition of primitive art to create in \"Les Demoiselles\" a netherworld of strange gods and violent emotions.",
"As between the mythological nymphs of \"Le bonheur de vivre\" and the grotesque effigies of \"Les Demoiselles,\" there was no question as to which was the more shocking or more intended to be shocking.",
"Picasso had unleashed a vein of feeling that was to have immense consequences for the art and culture of the modern era while Matisse's ambition came to seem, as he said in his \"Notes of a Painter,\" more \"limited\"—limited that is, to the realm of aesthetic pleasure.",
"There was thus opened up, in the very first decade of the century and in the work of its two greatest artists, the chasm that has continued to divide the art of the modern era down to our own time.",
"\""
] |
[
4
] |
History
|
Where did Walter Cannon derive his concept of "homeostasis"?
|
Physiology
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
6
] |
[
"The study of human physiology dates back to at least 420 BC to the time of Hippocrates, also known as the father of medicine.",
"The critical thinking of Aristotle and his emphasis on the relationship between structure and function marked the beginning of physiology in Ancient Greece, while Claudius Galenus (c. 126–199 AD), known as Galen, was the first to use experiments to probe the functions of the body.",
"Galen was the founder of experimental physiology.",
"Jean Fernel, a French physician, introduced the term \"physiology\" in 1525.",
"In the 19th century, physiological knowledge began to accumulate at a rapid rate, in particular with the 1838 appearance of the Cell theory of Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.",
"It radically stated that organisms are made up of units called cells.",
"Claude Bernard's (1813–1878) further discoveries ultimately led to his concept of \"milieu interieur\" (internal environment), which would later be taken up and championed as \"homeostasis\" by American physiologist Walter Cannon.",
"In the 20th century, biologists also became interested in how organisms other than human beings function, eventually spawning the fields of comparative physiology and ecophysiology.",
"Major figures in these fields include Knut Schmidt-Nielsen and George Bartholomew.",
"Most recently, evolutionary physiology has become a distinct subdiscipline."
] |
[
4
] |
Magnetic resonance angiography
|
What method helps to evaluate the arteries of the neck and brain?
|
Magnetic resonance imaging
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
1
] |
[
"Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) generates pictures of the arteries to evaluate them for stenosis (abnormal narrowing) or aneurysms (vessel wall dilatations, at risk of rupture).",
"MRA is often used to evaluate the arteries of the neck and brain, the thoracic and abdominal aorta, the renal arteries, and the legs (called a \"run-off\").",
"A variety of techniques can be used to generate the pictures, such as administration of a paramagnetic contrast agent (gadolinium) or using a technique known as \"flow-related enhancement\" (e.g., 2D and 3D time-of-flight sequences), where most of the signal on an image is due to blood that recently moved into that plane, see also FLASH MRI.",
"Techniques involving phase accumulation (known as phase contrast angiography) can also be used to generate flow velocity maps easily and accurately.",
"Magnetic resonance venography (MRV) is a similar procedure that is used to image veins.",
"In this method, the tissue is now excited inferiorly, while the signal is gathered in the plane immediately superior to the excitation plane—thus imaging the venous blood that recently moved from the excited plane."
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
How many Grammy's was Carly Rae Jepsen up for for her song "Call Me Maybe"?
|
Call Me Maybe
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
16
] |
[
"\"Call Me Maybe\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Carly Rae Jepsen for her EP \"Curiosity\" (2012) and appearing on her international debut album, \"Kiss\".",
"The song was written by Jepsen and Tavish Crowe as a folk song, but its genre was modified to pop following the production by Josh Ramsay.",
"It was released as the lead single from the EP on September 20, 2011, through 604 Records.",
"Jepsen was signed to Schoolboy Records, releasing her single in the United States through the label, as the first single from \"Kiss\".",
"Musically, \"Call Me Maybe\" is an upbeat teen pop track that draws influences from dance-pop and disco.",
"Lyrically, the track alludes to the inconvenience that a love at first sight brings to a girl who hopes for a call back from a crush.",
"The song received generally positive reviews from contemporary critics, who praised its composition and clever lyrical content .",
"\"Call Me Maybe\" has attained commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States, while peaking inside the top three in Austria, Belgium (Flanders & Wallonia), Germany, Israel, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden.",
"After reaching the top position on the Canadian Hot 100, Jepsen became only the fifth Canadian artist to do so in her home country since 2007.",
"In the United States, the track reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the Pop Songs chart.",
"The song is the first number one by a Canadian female artist on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart since 2007's \"Girlfriend\" by Avril Lavigne.",
"An accompanying music video was directed by Ben Knechtel.",
"In it, Jepsen seeks the attention of an attractive boy next door who is revealed at the close of the story to be attracted to a male band member.",
"As part of promotion for the song, Jepsen performed the track on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\", where she made her US television debut, and at the 2012 Billboard Music Awards.",
"\"Call Me Maybe\" has been covered by several artists, including Katy Perry, Kelly Clarkson, Miranda Cosgrove, Dan Deacon, Fun, Big Time Rush, The Chipettes, R5, Lil' Wayne, Enter Shikari, Ben Howard, Cody Simpson, The Saturdays, and parodied by Cookie Monster and some of the news staff of National Public Radio.",
"It was also covered on \"The New Rachel\", the season premiere episode of the fourth season of \"Glee\".",
"\"Call Me Maybe\" was nominated for two Grammy Awards, for Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance at the 55th Annual ceremony, but lost to \"We Are Young\" by Fun and the live performance of \"Set Fire to the Rain\" by Adele, respectively.",
"On December 11, 2012, \"Call Me Maybe\" was named \"Song of the Year\" for 2012 by MTV.",
"In its 2012 Year-End issue, \"Billboard\" magazine ranked this song #2 in the Hot 100 Songs, Digital Songs, and Canadian Hot 100 charts, in each case behind \"Somebody That I Used to Know\", by Gotye featuring Kimbra.",
"The song was also ranked number one by the Village Voice's annual Pazz and Jop poll, which compiles the votes of music critics from all over the United States.",
"The song was the best-selling single worldwide in 2012, selling over 10 million copies in that year alone, and the best-selling single on the iTunes Store in 2012.",
"With worldwide sales of over 13 million copies as of May 2013, \"Call Me Maybe\" was the best-selling digital single of 2012, and is also one of the best-selling digital singles and one of the best-selling singles of all time, with sales in the 10-14.99 million bracket."
] |
[
5
] |
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