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Demographics
|
What portion of the entire population has been directly or indirectly affected?
|
Lebanon
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
16
] |
[
"The population of Lebanon was estimated to be 4,125,247 in July 2010, however no official census has been conducted since 1932 due to the sensitive confessional political balance between Lebanon's various religious groups.",
"Identifying all Lebanese as ethnically Arab is a widely employed example of panethnicity since in reality, the Lebanese “are descended from many different peoples who have occupied, invaded, or settled this corner of the world,” making Lebanon, “a mosaic of closely interrelated cultures”.",
"While at first glance, this ethnic, linguistic, religious and denominational diversity might seem to cause civil and political unrest, “for much of Lebanon’s history this multitudinous diversity of religious communities has coexisted with little conflict”.",
"The fertility rate fell from 5.00 in 1971 to 1.75 in 2004.",
"Fertility rates vary considerably among the different religious groups: in 2004 it was 2.10 for Shiites, 1.76 Sunnis and 1.61 for Maronites.",
"Lebanon has witnessed a series of migration waves: over 1,500,000 people emigrated from the country in the 1975–2011 period.",
"Millions of people of Lebanese descent are spread throughout the world, mostly Christians, especially in Latin America.",
"Brazil has the largest expatriate population.",
"\"(See Lebanese Brazilians)\".",
"Large numbers of Lebanese migrated to West Africa, particularly to the Ivory Coast (home to over 100,000 Lebanese) and Senegal (roughly 30,000 Lebanese).",
"Australia is home to over 270,000 Lebanese (1999 est.",
"As of 2012, Lebanon was host to over 460,000 refugees and asylum seekers: 405,425 Palestinians, 50,000–60,000 from Iraq, over 80,000 from Syria, and 4,500 from Sudan.",
"Their primary sources of income are UNRWA aid and menial labor sought in competition with about 300,000 Syrian guest workers.",
"The latest estimates by the United Nations put the number of Syrian refugees at more than 850,000.",
"In the last three decades, lengthy and destructive armed conflicts have ravaged the country.",
"The majority of Lebanese have been affected by armed conflict; those with direct personal experience include 75% of the population, and most others report suffering a range of hardships.",
"In total, almost the entire population (96%) has been affected insome way – either personally or because of the wider consequences of armed conflict."
] |
[
0
] |
Insect anatomy
|
Describe the anatomy of an insect
|
Anatomy
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0,
1,
2,
3,
4
] |
[
"Insects possess segmented bodies supported by a hard-jointed outer covering made mostly of chitin.",
"The segments of the body are organized into three distinct parts, a head, a thorax and an abdomen.",
"The head typically bears a pair of sensory antennae, a pair of compound eyes, one to three simple eyes (ocelli) and three sets of modified appendages that form the mouthparts.",
"The thorax has three pairs of segmented legs, one pair each for the three segments that compose the thorax and one or two pairs of wings.",
"The abdomen is composed of eleven segments, some of which may be fused and houses the digestive, respiratory, excretory and reproductive systems.",
"There is considerable variations between species and many adaptations to the body parts, especially wings, legs, antennae and mouthparts."
] |
[] |
Origin and identity
|
What is the legend of the Sphinx called?
|
Great Sphinx of Giza
| false | 3ART
|
[
1
] |
[
"The Great Sphinx is one of the world's largest and oldest statues but basic facts about it, such as when it was built, and by whom, are still debated.",
"These questions have resulted in the popular idea of the \"Riddle of the Sphinx,\" alluding to the original Greek legend of the Riddle of the Sphinx.",
"Pliny The Elder mentioned the Great Sphinx in his book, \"Natural History\", commenting that the Egyptians looked upon the statue as a \"divinity\" that has been passed over in silence and \"that King Harmais was buried in it\"."
] |
[
0
] |
Stage I: Podium
|
When was the podium finished?
|
Sydney Opera House
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
5
] |
[
"Stage I commenced on 2 March 1959 with the construction firm Civil & Civic, monitored by the engineers Ove Arup and Partners.",
"The government had pushed for work to begin early, fearing that funding, or public opinion, might turn against them.",
"However, Utzon had still not completed the final designs.",
"Major structural issues still remained unresolved.",
"By 23 January 1961, work was running 47 weeks behind, mainly because of unexpected difficulties (inclement weather, unexpected difficulty diverting stormwater, construction beginning before proper construction drawings had been prepared, changes of original contract documents).",
"Work on the podium was finally completed in February 1963.",
"The forced early start led to significant later problems, not least of which was the fact that the podium columns were not strong enough to support the roof structure, and had to be re-built."
] |
[
2
] |
Heritage and Research Center
|
What service maintains the collection of historical records for Yellowstone and the National Park Service?
|
Yellowstone National Park
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
2
] |
[
"The Heritage and Research Center is located at Gardiner, Montana, near the north entrance to the park.",
"The center is home to the Yellowstone National Park's museum collection, archives, research library, historian, archeology lab, and herbarium.",
"The Yellowstone National Park Archives maintain collections of historical records of Yellowstone and the National Park Service.",
"The collection includes the administrative records of Yellowstone, as well as resource management records, records from major projects, and donated manuscripts and personal papers.",
"The archives are affiliated with the National Archives and Records Administration."
] |
[
0
] |
Television series
|
Does Kung Fu Panda also have a TV show based off of it?
|
Kung Fu Panda
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
"A television series titled \"Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness\" is airing on Nickelodeon since its premiere on November 7, 2011.",
"From the cast of \"Kung Fu Panda\", only Lucy Liu and James Hong are reprising their roles of Master Viper and Mr. Ping.",
"In the series, Po continues to defend the Valley of Peace from all kinds of villains, while making mistakes, learning about the history of kung fu, and meeting other kung fu masters."
] |
[] |
Grand Canyon tourism
|
Tourists from which state visit Grand Canyon National park most often?
|
Grand Canyon
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
1,
2
] |
[
" tourism.",
"Grand Canyon National Park is one of the world’s premier natural attractions, attracting about five million visitors per year.",
"Overall, 83% were from the United States: California (12.2%), Arizona (8.9%), Texas (4.8%), Florida (3.4%) and New York (3.2%) represented the top domestic visitors.",
"Seventeen percent of visitors were from outside the United States; the most prominently represented nations were the United Kingdom (3.8%), Canada (3.5%), Japan (2.1%), Germany (1.9%) and The Netherlands (1.2%).",
"The South Rim is open all year round weather permitting.",
"The North Rim is generally open mid-May to mid-October."
] |
[] |
Television, films and video games
|
What is one US tv series the song Party Rock Anthem has appeared in?
|
Party Rock Anthem
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
2
] |
[
"In popular culture.",
"Television, films and video games.",
"\"Party Rock Anthem\" was used in several TV series such as in the first episode of \"Awkward\", in the season 3, episode 8 of \"Glee\", in the season 5, episode 12 of \"Gossip Girl\", in the season 3 finale of \"Parenthood\", episode 5 of 2 Broke Girls, in season 4, episode 14 of \"Parks and Recreation\", in the eighth season of \"So You Think You Can Dance\" and in the \"South Park\" episode \"City Sushi\".",
"It was also used in the opening titles for the Australian reality game show, \"The Renovators\".",
"There is a spoof of the song in the popular YouTube web series \"The Annoying Orange\" episode \"Party Rock\".",
"The song was also used in a Bat Mitzvah sketch in a \"Saturday Night Live\" episode hosted by Channing Tatum and in Australia's Got Talent 2011 sung by Timomatic.",
"Quest Crew danced to it on the season 6 finale of \"America's Best Dance Crew\".",
"On the episode 8 of \"America's Best Dance Crews season 7, contestants 8Flavahz danced to the song.",
"The song was covered by Alvin and the Chipmunks and The Chipettes with lyric changes in the 2011 film ' and appears on its .",
"It was also featured in the trailer for the 2011 Lionsgate film \"Madea's Big Happy Family\".",
"It is also heard in the video games \"Just Dance 3\" and \"FIFA Street\".",
"The videogame \"Dance Central 2\" uses it on the DLC, which was released on February 28, 2012.",
"In \"World of Warcraft\", the dance emote for the male Pandaren is based on this song's choreography."
] |
[
0
] |
Popularity
|
If you saw someone butchering beef, what would you think the purpose is?
|
Fajita
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
1
] |
[
"The first culinary evidence of the fajitas with the cut of meat, the cooking style (directly on a campfire or on a grill), and the Spanish nickname going back as far as the 1930s in the ranch lands of South and West Texas.",
"During cattle roundups, beef were butchered regularly to feed the hands.",
"Throwaway items such as the hide, the head, the entrails, and meat trimmings such as skirt were given to the Mexican cowboys called vaqueros as part of their pay.",
"Hearty border dishes like barbacoa de cabeza (head barbecue), menudo (tripe stew), and fajitas or arracheras (grilled skirt steak) have their roots in this practice.",
"Considering the limited number of skirts per carcass and the fact the meat wasn't available commercially, the fajita tradition remained regional and relatively obscure for many years, probably only familiar to vaqueros, butchers, and their families.",
"The food became popular in Tex-Mex restaurants in Houston, Austin, and San Antonio.",
"In southern Arizona, the term was unknown except as a cut of meat until the 1990s, when Mexican fast food restaurants started using the word in their marketing.",
"In recent years, fajitas have become popular at American casual dining restaurants as well as in home cooking.",
"In many restaurants, the fajita meat is brought to the table sizzling loudly on a metal platter or skillet, with the tortillas and condiments."
] |
[
0
] |
Zwingli
|
Where was a meeting held in 1529 that was a complete failure?
|
Protestant Reformation
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
7
] |
[
"Reformation outside Germany.",
"Parallel to events in Germany, a movement began in the Swiss Confederation under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli.",
"Zwingli was a scholar and preacher who moved to Zurich – the then-leading city state – in 1518, a year after Martin Luther began the Reformation in Germany with his 95 Theses.",
"Although the two movements agreed on many issues of theology, as the recently introduced printing press spread ideas rapidly from place to place, some unresolved differences kept them separate.",
"A long-standing resentment between the German states and the Swiss Confederation led to heated debate over how much Zwingli owed his ideas to Lutheranism.",
"Although Zwinglianism does hold uncanny resemblance to Lutheranism (it even had its own equivalent of the 95 Theses, called the 67 Conclusions), historians have been unable to prove that Zwingli had any contact with Luther's publications before 1520, and Zwingli himself maintained that he had prevented himself from reading them.",
"The German Prince Philip of Hesse saw potential in creating an alliance between Zwingli and Luther, seeing strength in a united Protestant front.",
"A meeting was held in his castle in 1529, now known as the Colloquy of Marburg, which has become infamous for its complete failure.",
"The two men could not come to any agreement due to their disputation over one key doctrine.",
"Although Luther preached consubstantiation in the Eucharist over transubstantiation, he believed in the spiritual presence of Christ at the mass.",
"Zwingli believed that the mass was only representative and memorial – Christ was not present.",
"Luther became so angry that he famously carved into the meeting table 'Hoc Est Corpus Meum' – a Biblical quotation from the Last Supper meaning 'this is my body'.",
"Some followers of Zwingli believed that the Reformation was too conservative, and moved independently toward more radical positions, some of which survive among modern day Anabaptists.",
"One famous incident illustrating this was when radical Zwinglians fried and ate sausages during Lent in Zurich city square by way of protest against the Church teaching of good works.",
"Other Protestant movements grew up along lines of mysticism or humanism (cf.",
"Erasmus), sometimes breaking from Rome or from the Protestants, or forming outside of the churches."
] |
[
4
] |
Rose Period
|
When did the rose period end?
|
Pablo Picasso
| false | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"The Rose Period (1904–1906) is characterised by a more cheery style with orange and pink colours, and featuring many circus people, acrobats and harlequins known in France as saltimbanques.",
"The harlequin, a comedic character usually depicted in checkered patterned clothing, became a personal symbol for Picasso.",
"Picasso met Fernande Olivier, a bohemian artist who became his mistress, in Paris in 1904.",
"Olivier appears in many of his Rose Period paintings, many of which are influenced by his warm relationship with her, in addition to his increased exposure to French painting.",
"The generally upbeat and optimistic mood of paintings in this period is reminiscent of the 1899–1901 period (i.e.",
"just prior to the Blue Period) and 1904 can be considered a transition year between the two periods.",
"By 1905, Picasso became a favourite of American art collectors Leo and Gertrude Stein.",
"Their older brother Michael Stein and his wife Sarah also became collectors of his work.",
"Picasso painted portraits of both Gertrude Stein and her nephew Allan Stein.",
"Gertrude Stein became Picasso's principal patron, acquiring his drawings and paintings and exhibiting them in her informal \"Salon\" at her home in Paris.",
"At one of her gatherings in 1905, he met Henri Matisse, who was to become a lifelong friend and rival.",
"The Steins introduced him to Claribel Cone and her sister Etta who were American art collectors; they also began to acquire Picasso and Matisse's paintings.",
"Eventually Leo Stein moved to Italy.",
"Michael and Sarah Stein became patrons of Matisse, while Gertrude Stein continued to collect Picasso.",
"In 1907 Picasso joined an art gallery that had recently been opened in Paris by Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler.",
"Kahnweiler was a German art historian and art collector who became one of the premier French art dealers of the 20th century.",
"He was among the first champions of Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque and the Cubism that they jointly developed.",
"Kahnweiler promoted burgeoning artists such as André Derain, Kees van Dongen, Fernand Léger, Juan Gris, Maurice de Vlaminck and several others who had come from all over the globe to live and work in Montparnasse at the time."
] |
[
2
] |
Synchronized diving
|
Are simultaneous dives different or the same?
|
Diving
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
1,
2
] |
[
"Synchronized diving was adopted as an Olympic sport in 2000.",
"Two divers form a team and perform dives simultaneously.",
"The dives are identical.",
"It used to be possible to dive opposites, also known as a pinwheel, but this is no longer part of competitive synchronized diving.",
"For example, one diver would perform a forward dive and the other an inward dive in the same position, or one would do a reverse and the other a back movement.",
"In these events, the diving would be judged both on the quality of execution and the synchronicity – in timing of take-off and entry, height and forward travel."
] |
[] |
Set
|
In volleyball what is usually the second contact that the team makes with the ball called?
|
Volleyball
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"The set is usually the second contact that a team makes with the ball.",
"The main goal of setting is to put the ball in the air in such a way that it can be driven by an attack into the opponent's court.",
"The setter coordinates the offensive movements of a team, and is the player who ultimately decides which player will actually attack the ball.",
"As with passing, one may distinguish between an overhand and a bump set.",
"Since the former allows for more control over the speed and direction of the ball, the bump is used only when the ball is so low it cannot be properly handled with fingertips, or in beach volleyball where rules regulating overhand setting are more stringent.",
"In the case of a set, one also speaks of a front or back set, meaning whether the ball is passed in the direction the setter is facing or behind the setter.",
"There is also a jump set that is used when the ball is too close to the net.",
"In this case the setter usually jumps off his or her right foot straight up to avoid going into the net.",
"The setter usually stands about ⅔ of the way from the left to the right of the net and faces the left (the larger portion of net that he or she can see).",
"Sometimes a setter refrains from raising the ball for a teammate to perform an attack and tries to play it directly onto the opponent's court.",
"This movement is called a \"dump\".",
"This can only be performed when the setter is in the front row, otherwise it constitutes an illegal back court attack.",
"The most common dumps are to 'throw' the ball behind the setter or in front of the setter to zones 2 and 4.",
"More experienced setters toss the ball into the deep corners or spike the ball on the second hit."
] |
[
0
] |
Set
|
What is it called when the team makes second contact with the ball in volleyball?
|
Volleyball
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"The set is usually the second contact that a team makes with the ball.",
"The main goal of setting is to put the ball in the air in such a way that it can be driven by an attack into the opponent's court.",
"The setter coordinates the offensive movements of a team, and is the player who ultimately decides which player will actually attack the ball.",
"As with passing, one may distinguish between an overhand and a bump set.",
"Since the former allows for more control over the speed and direction of the ball, the bump is used only when the ball is so low it cannot be properly handled with fingertips, or in beach volleyball where rules regulating overhand setting are more stringent.",
"In the case of a set, one also speaks of a front or back set, meaning whether the ball is passed in the direction the setter is facing or behind the setter.",
"There is also a jump set that is used when the ball is too close to the net.",
"In this case the setter usually jumps off his or her right foot straight up to avoid going into the net.",
"The setter usually stands about ⅔ of the way from the left to the right of the net and faces the left (the larger portion of net that he or she can see).",
"Sometimes a setter refrains from raising the ball for a teammate to perform an attack and tries to play it directly onto the opponent's court.",
"This movement is called a \"dump\".",
"This can only be performed when the setter is in the front row, otherwise it constitutes an illegal back court attack.",
"The most common dumps are to 'throw' the ball behind the setter or in front of the setter to zones 2 and 4.",
"More experienced setters toss the ball into the deep corners or spike the ball on the second hit."
] |
[
2,
0
] |
International broadcasts
|
When did Suburgatory premiere in Sweden?
|
Suburgatory
| false | 1TV
|
[
2
] |
[
"The series has been picked up in Canada by City, where it is simulcast with the ABC broadcasts.",
"In Latin America the series premiered on October 31, 2011 on Warner Channel.",
"The show premiered on January 3 in Sweden on Chanel 5.",
"In the Republic of Ireland the show began broadcasting on RTÉ Two from March 21, 2012 airing Wednesdays at 19:00.",
"In Spain, it premiered on Cosmopolitan TV on January 13, 2012.",
"The series began airing on the Nine Network's GO!",
"Channel in Australia from February 5, 2012 until it was taken off air in 2012/2013 after poor ratings losing to 7TWO, The Comedy Channel from Foxtel now airs the sitcom.",
"It premiered in Serbia on Serbian HBO Comedy on February 27, 2012, the Serbian name of the show is \"Čistilište u predgrađu\".",
"It also premiered in Poland on Polish HBO Comedy, on February 27, 2012, as \"Podmiejski czyściec\" (\"Suburban Purgatory\").",
"The show began airing in New Zealand on TV2 on February 14, 2012.",
"In the United Kingdom, \"Suburgatory\" started airing on Channel 4's digital channel E4 from July 17, 2012.",
"For Germany, ProSiebenSat.1 has picked up the series and will start airing it on Wednesday nights beginning on August 29.",
"It is also shown in Denmark on TV2 Zulu.",
"In Portugal, it was aired Monday to Friday, at 18:30, from November 22, 2012 until December 21, 2012 on RTP2.",
"In Brazil, the show premiered on January 3, 2013 at 3:30 AM in the SBT.",
"In Greece the show premiered on July 15, 2013 on Star Channel airing Monday to Friday at 2:30 PM, airing the first 2 Seasons.",
"In India, the show started airing on Star World from January 16, 2014."
] |
[
2
] |
Demographics
|
What country has the most Lebanese immigrants?
|
Lebanon
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
7
] |
[
"The population of Lebanon was estimated to be 4,125,247 in July 2010, however no official census has been conducted since 1932 due to the sensitive confessional political balance between Lebanon's various religious groups.",
"Identifying all Lebanese as ethnically Arab is a widely employed example of panethnicity since in reality, the Lebanese “are descended from many different peoples who have occupied, invaded, or settled this corner of the world,” making Lebanon, “a mosaic of closely interrelated cultures”.",
"While at first glance, this ethnic, linguistic, religious and denominational diversity might seem to cause civil and political unrest, “for much of Lebanon’s history this multitudinous diversity of religious communities has coexisted with little conflict”.",
"The fertility rate fell from 5.00 in 1971 to 1.75 in 2004.",
"Fertility rates vary considerably among the different religious groups: in 2004 it was 2.10 for Shiites, 1.76 Sunnis and 1.61 for Maronites.",
"Lebanon has witnessed a series of migration waves: over 1,500,000 people emigrated from the country in the 1975–2011 period.",
"Millions of people of Lebanese descent are spread throughout the world, mostly Christians, especially in Latin America.",
"Brazil has the largest expatriate population.",
"\"(See Lebanese Brazilians)\".",
"Large numbers of Lebanese migrated to West Africa, particularly to the Ivory Coast (home to over 100,000 Lebanese) and Senegal (roughly 30,000 Lebanese).",
"Australia is home to over 270,000 Lebanese (1999 est.",
"As of 2012, Lebanon was host to over 460,000 refugees and asylum seekers: 405,425 Palestinians, 50,000–60,000 from Iraq, over 80,000 from Syria, and 4,500 from Sudan.",
"Their primary sources of income are UNRWA aid and menial labor sought in competition with about 300,000 Syrian guest workers.",
"The latest estimates by the United Nations put the number of Syrian refugees at more than 850,000.",
"In the last three decades, lengthy and destructive armed conflicts have ravaged the country.",
"The majority of Lebanese have been affected by armed conflict; those with direct personal experience include 75% of the population, and most others report suffering a range of hardships.",
"In total, almost the entire population (96%) has been affected insome way – either personally or because of the wider consequences of armed conflict."
] |
[
0
] |
Universal Transit
|
how can hotel guests get to the theme parks?
|
Universal Orlando
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
2
] |
[
"Universal Orlando's internal transportation system is often dubbed \"Universal Transit.\"",
"The system consists of water taxis, buses, escalators, elevators, moving walkways, and pathways which transport guests between the parking structure, hotels, CityWalk, the theme parks, and Wet 'n Wild.",
"Onsite hotel guests can get to the theme parks and CityWalk by either boarding a water taxi which will take them directly to CityWalk or may use walkways.",
"The dock at CityWalk is located at the center of CityWalk and can be accessed by theme park visitors via the bridges connecting CityWalk to the theme parks.",
"Along the pathways, bicycles also transport guests for an additional cost.",
"For guests who prefer not to use a water taxi or walk or wish to go to Wet 'n Wild, they will find shuttle transportation also available at the onsite hotels.",
"These stop at five locations: Loews Portofino Bay Hotel & Spa, Hard Rock Hotel, Loews Royal Pacific Resort, Universal Orlando theme parks, and Wet 'n Wild.",
"The resort also features two large parking structures, for day and night guests who need to park, connected by bridge to Citywalk and the theme parks."
] |
[
5
] |
Emission mechanism
|
What becomes of the atom if the energy of the photon is absorbed?
|
Photoelectric effect
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
8
] |
[
"The photons of a light beam have a characteristic energy proportional to the frequency of the light.",
"In the photoemission process, if an electron within some material absorbs the energy of one photon and acquires more energy than the work function (the electron binding energy) of the material, it is ejected.",
"If the photon energy is too low, the electron is unable to escape the material.",
"Since an increase in the intensity of low-frequency light will only increase the number of low-energy photons sent over a given interval of time, this change in intensity will not create any single photon with enough energy to dislodge an electron.",
"Thus, the energy of the emitted electrons does not depend on the intensity of the incoming light, but only on the energy (equivalently frequency) of the individual photons.",
"It is an interaction between the incident photon and the outermost electrons.",
"Electrons can absorb energy from photons when irradiated, but they usually follow an \"all or nothing\" principle.",
"All of the energy from one photon must be absorbed and used to liberate one electron from atomic binding, or else the energy is re-emitted.",
"If the photon energy is absorbed, some of the energy liberates the electron from the atom, and the rest contributes to the electron's kinetic energy as a free particle."
] |
[
0
] |
Reaction to his relationship with Sien
|
Who gave van Gogh his first set of art supplies?
|
Sien (Van Gogh series)
| false | 3ART
|
[
3
] |
[
"Due to his relationship with Sien, van Gogh experienced the loss of support and goodwill from family and friends, and he experienced an even more strained relationship with his parents.",
"His teacher and cousin-in-law, Anton Mauve, abruptly ceased his support and tutelage of van Gogh within a few short weeks of van Gogh first meeting Sien, although there were other factors involved as well, not least their mutual melancholy.",
"Hulsker called this a simple tragedy for van Gogh.",
"Likewise, a long-standing family friend, Hermanus Tersteeg, an influential art dealer who taught van Gogh and his brother Theo a great deal about art and literature, and who gave van Gogh his first set of art supplies when he decided to become an artist, although he was always somewhat equivocal in his support, abruptly withdrew at the same time.",
"Van Gogh's relationship with Mauve in truth had scarcely lasted a month.",
"Already by the end of January, van Gogh was writing his brother Theo that he did not always find it easy to get on with Mauve.",
"Shortly after this, they fell out with each other over an issue involving drawing from plaster casts, which Mauve was anxious van Gogh should undertake to perfect his technique.",
"Van Gogh, however, vehemently insisted on drawing from models, and in a fit of pique destroyed some plaster casts of hands and feet that Mauve had given him to make studies from.",
"Following that incident, Mauve said he would have nothing more to do with him for the next two months (i.e.",
"for the rest of the winter).",
"In reality, Mauve, had resolved to break with van Gogh completely.",
"Van Gogh initially blamed Tersteeg for Mauve's indifference, but a chance meeting with Mauve in May made it clear to him that Mauve had definitively broken with him.",
"He described the meeting in a letter to Theo, and in the same letter he revealed his relationship with Sien for the first time and passionately defended it:Van Gogh left Sien the autumn of 1883.",
"Van Gogh went to Drenthe to paint and Sien went back to work as a seamstress, charwoman and possibly as a prostitute.",
"Her children, Maria and Willem, lived with Sien's mother and brother Pieter.",
"In 1901 Sien married a seaman, Anton van Wijk.",
"She committed suicide in 1904 at the age of 54 in Rotterdam's harbor, 14 years after van Gogh's death."
] |
[
3
] |
Accolades
|
What ranking did "Take Care" land at?
|
Take Care (album)
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
0
] |
[
"According to Metacritic, \"Take Care\" was the ninth best ranked album in year-end top 10 lists by music critics, based on 135 lists.",
"It was named the best album of 2012 by the \"Los Angeles Times\" and \"The New York Times\", and was ranked number three by \"Now\" and MTV, number four by \"Slate\", number five by \"Billboard\" and \"The Washington Post\", number seven by \"Fact\", number eight by \"The Globe and Mail\", NPR, and Pitchfork Media, number 14 by Slant Magazine, and number 22 by \"Rolling Stone\" and \"Spin\".",
"It was also named as a longlisted nominee for the 2012 Polaris Music Prize on June 14, 2012.",
"In 2012, \"Complex\" named the album one of the classic albums of the last decade.",
"\"Take Care\" won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Album at the 55th Grammy Awards.",
"In October 2013, Complex named it the fourth best hip hop album of the last five years."
] |
[
0
] |
Sculpture
|
Who was more likely to patronize Renaissance sculptors?
|
High Renaissance
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
3
] |
[
"High Renaissance sculpture, as exemplified by Michelangelo's \"Pietà\" and the iconic \"David\", is characterized by an \"ideal\" balance between stillness and movement.",
"High Renaissance sculpture was normally commissioned by the public and the state, this becoming more popular for sculpture is an expensive art form.",
"Sculpture was often used to decorate or embellish architecture, normally within courtyards where others were able to study and admire the commissioned art work.",
"Wealthy individuals like cardinals, rulers and bankers were the more likely private patrons along with very wealthy families; Pope Julius II also patronized many artists.",
"During the High Renaissance there was the development of small scale statuettes for private patrons, the creation of busts and tombs also developing.",
"The subject matter related to sculpture was mostly religious but also with a significant strand of classical individuals in the form of tomb sculpture and paintings as well as ceilings of cathedrals."
] |
[
3
] |
Nigirizushi
|
Where was "Gunkan-maki" invented?
|
Sushi
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
5
] |
[
"",
"\"Nigirizushi\" (, \"hand-pressed sushi\") consists of an oblong mound of \"sushi rice\" that the chef presses into a small rectangular box between the palms of the hands, usually with a bit of \"wasabi\", and a topping (the \"neta\") draped over it.",
"\"Neta\" are typically fish such as salmon, tuna or other seafood.",
"Certain toppings are typically bound to the rice with a thin strip of \"nori\", most commonly octopus (\"tako\"), freshwater eel (\"unagi\"), sea eel (\"anago\"), squid (\"ika\"), and sweet egg (\"tamago\").",
"\"Gunkanmaki\" (, \"warship roll\") is a special type of \"nigirizushi\": an oval, hand-formed clump of sushi rice that has a strip of \"nori\" wrapped around its perimeter to form a vessel that is filled with some soft, loose or fine-chopped ingredient that requires the confinement of \"nori\" such as roe, \"nattō\", oysters, \"uni\" (sea urchin roe), corn with mayonnaise, scallops, and quail eggs.",
"\"Gunkan-maki\" was invented at the \"Ginza Kyubey\" restaurant in 1941; its invention significantly expanded the repertoire of soft toppings used in sushi.",
"\"Temarizushi\" (, \"ball sushi\") is a ball-shaped sushi made by pressing rice and fish into a ball-shaped form by hand using a plastic wrap."
] |
[
4
] |
Production design
|
What 1995 Japanese cyberpunk movie influenced The Matrix?
|
The Matrix
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
4
] |
[
"In the film, the code that comprises the Matrix itself is frequently represented as downward-flowing green characters.",
"This code utilizes a custom typeface designed by Simon Whiteley, which includes mirror images of half-width kana characters and Western Latin letters and numerals.",
"The color green reflects the green tint commonly used on early monochrome computer monitors.",
"Lynne Cartwright, the Visual Effects Supervisor at Animal Logic, supervised the creation of the film's opening title sequence, as well as the general look of the Matrix code throughout the film, in collaboration with Lindsey Fleay and Justen Marshall.",
"The portrayal resembles the opening credits of the 1995 Japanese cyberpunk film, \"Ghost in the Shell\", which had a strong influence on the \"Matrix\" series (see below).",
"It was also used in the subsequent films, on the related website, and in the game \"\", and its drop-down effect is reflected in the design of some posters for the \"Matrix\" series.",
"The code received the Runner-up Award in the 1999 Jesse Garson Award for In-film typography or opening credit sequence.",
"\"The Matrix\"s production designer, Owen Paterson, used methods to distinguish the \"real world\" and the Matrix in a pervasive way.",
"The production design team generally placed a bias towards the Matrix code's distinctive green color in scenes set within the simulation, whereas there is an emphasis on the color blue during scenes set in the \"real world\".",
"In addition, the Matrix scenes' sets were slightly more decayed, monolithic, and grid-like, to convey the cold, logical and artificial nature of that environment.",
"For the \"real world\", the actors' hair was less styled, their clothing had more textile content, and the cinematographers used longer lenses to soften the backgrounds and emphasize the actors.",
"The \"Nebuchadnezzar\" was designed to have a patched-up look, instead of clean, cold and sterile space ship interior sets as used on films like \"Star Trek\".",
"The wires were made visible to show the ship's working internals, and each composition was carefully designed to convey the ship as \"a marriage between Man and Machine\".",
"For the scene when Neo wakes up in the pod connected to the Matrix, the pod was constructed to look dirty, used, and sinister.",
"During the testing of a breathing mechanism in the pod, the tester went into hypothermia in under eight minutes, so the pod had to be heated.",
"Kym Barrett, costume designer, said that she defined the characters and their environment by their costume.",
"For example, Reeves' office costume was designed for Thomas Anderson to look uncomfortable, disheveled, and out of place.",
"Barrett sometimes used three types of fabric for each costume, and also had to consider acting practicality.",
"The actors needed to perform martial art actions in their costume, hang upside-down without people seeing up their dress, or work the wires when strapped to the harnesses.",
"For Trinity, Barrett experimented with how each fabric absorbs and reflects different types of light, and was eventually able to make Trinity's costume mercury-like and oil-slick to suit the character.",
"For the Agents, their costume was designed to create a secret service, undercover look, resembling the film \"JFK\".",
"The sunglasses, a staple to the film's aesthetics, were commissioned for the film to designer Richard Walker from sunglass maker Blinde Design."
] |
[
0
] |
Plant hormones
|
What is the Greek definition of auxins?
|
Botany
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
8
] |
[
"Plants are not passive, but respond to external signals such as light, touch, and injury by moving or growing towards or away from the stimulus, as appropriate.",
"Tangible evidence of touch sensitivity is the almost instantaneous collapse of leaflets of \"Mimosa pudica\", the insect traps of Venus flytrap and bladderworts, and the pollinia of orchids.",
"The hypothesis that plant growth and development is coordinated by plant hormones or plant growth regulators first emerged in the late 19th century.",
"Darwin experimented on the movements of plant shoots and roots towards light and gravity, and concluded \"It is hardly an exaggeration to say that the tip of the radicle .",
".",
"acts like the brain of one of the lower animals .",
".",
"directing the several movements\".",
"About the same time, the role of auxins (from the Greek auxein, to grow) in control of plant growth was first outlined by the Dutch scientist Frits Went.",
"The first known auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which promotes cell growth, was only isolated from plants about 50 years later.",
"This compound mediates the tropic responses of shoots and roots towards light and gravity.",
"The finding in 1939 that plant callus could be maintained in culture containing IAA, followed by the observation in 1947 that it could be induced to form roots and shoots by controlling the concentration of growth hormones were key steps in the development of plant biotechnology and genetic modification.",
"Another class of phytohormones is the jasmonates, first isolated from the oil of \"Jasminum grandiflorum\" which regulates wound responses in plants by unblocking the expression of genes required in the systemic acquired resistance response to pathogen attack.",
"In addition to being the primary energy source for plants, light functions as a signalling device, providing information to the plant, such as how much sunlight the plant receives each day.",
"This can result in adaptive changes in a process known as photomorphogenesis.",
"Phytochromes are the photoreceptors in a plant that are sensitive to light."
] |
[
0
] |
Provinces and territories
|
How can the federal government start policies in rural areas?
|
Canada
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
4
] |
[
"Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces and three territories.",
"In turn, these may be grouped into four main regions: Western Canada, Central Canada, Atlantic Canada, and Northern Canada (\"Eastern Canada\" refers to Central Canada and Atlantic Canada together).",
"Provinces have more autonomy than territories, having responsibility for social programs such as health care, education, and welfare.",
"Together, the provinces collect more revenue than the federal government, an almost unique structure among federations in the world.",
"Using its spending powers, the federal government can initiate national policies in provincial areas, such as the Canada Health Act; the provinces can opt out of these, but rarely do so in practice.",
"Equalization payments are made by the federal government to ensure that reasonably uniform standards of services and taxation are kept between the richer and poorer provinces."
] |
[
5
] |
"Hatfill v. Ashcroft"
|
When was the case settled?
|
Person of interest
| false | 1TV
|
[
4
] |
[
"The use of the term became widely critiqued when United States Attorney General John Ashcroft used it in a press conference when asked if Dr. Steven J. Hatfill was a suspect in the 2001 anthrax attacks case.",
"In 2002, Hatfill's attorney filed a complaint with the Justice Department's Office of Professional Responsibility, arguing that \"the term is not recognized in law or criminal procedure and that Ashcroft did not have the right 'to preside over the public shredding of life.",
"This is un-American.",
"Mr. Ashcroft owes Dr. Hatfill an apology.",
"The case was settled in 2008 for $5.8 million."
] |
[
2
] |
Origins
|
How did Keyser Soze get his name?
|
The Usual Suspects
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
9,
10
] |
[
"Bryan Singer met Kevin Spacey at a party after a screening of the young filmmaker's first film, \"Public Access\", at the 1993 Sundance Film Festival.",
"Spacey had been encouraged by a number of people he knew who had seen it, and was so impressed that he told Singer and McQuarrie that he wanted to be in whatever film they did next.",
"Singer read a column in \"Spy\" magazine called \"The Usual Suspects\" after Claude Rains' line in \"Casablanca.\"",
"Singer thought that it would be a good title for a film.",
"When asked by a reporter at Sundance what their next film was about, McQuarrie replied, \"I guess it's about a bunch of criminals who meet in a police line-up,\" which incidentally was the first visual idea that he and Singer had for the poster: \"five guys who meet in a line-up,\" Singer remembers.",
"The director also envisioned a tagline for the poster, \"All of you can go to Hell.\"",
"Singer then asked the question, \"What would possibly bring these five felons together in one line-up?\"",
"McQuarrie revamped an idea from one of his own unpublished screenplays — the story of a man who murders his own family and walks away, disappearing from view.",
"The writer mixed this with the idea of a team of criminals.Söze's character is based on the accounts of John List, a New Jersey accountant who murdered his family in 1971 and then disappeared for almost two decades, assuming a new identity before he was ultimately apprehended.",
"McQuarrie based the name of Keyser Söze on one of his previous supervisors, Keyser Sume, at a Los Angeles law firm that he worked for, but decided to change the last name because he thought that his former boss would object to how it was used.",
"He found the word \"söze\" in his roommate's English-to-Turkish dictionary, which translates as \"talk too much.\"",
"All the characters' names are taken from staff members of the law firm at the time of his employment.",
"McQuarrie had also worked for a detective agency, and this influenced the depiction of criminals and law enforcement officials in the script.",
"Singer described the film as \"Double Indemnity\" meets \"Rashomon,\" and said that it was made \"so you can go back and see all sorts of things you didn't realize were there the first time.",
"You can get it a second time in a way you never could have the first time around.\"",
"He also compared the film's structure to \"Citizen Kane\" (which also contained an interrogator and a subject who is telling a story) and the criminal caper \"The Anderson Tapes.\""
] |
[
5
] |
History
|
Who built a summer residence on Victoria Peak around 1868?
|
Victoria Peak
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
1
] |
[
"As early as 19th century, the Peak attracted prominent European residents because of its panoramic view over the city and its temperate climate compared to the sub-tropical climate in the rest of Hong Kong.",
"The sixth Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Richard MacDonnell had a summer residence built on the Peak circa 1868.",
"Those that built houses named them whimsically, such as The Eyrie, and the Austin Arms.",
"See First houses on the Peak.",
"These original residents reached their homes by sedan chairs, which were carried up and down the steep slope of Victoria Peak.",
"This limited development of the Peak until the opening of the Peak Tram funicular in 1888.",
"The boost to accessibility caused by the opening of the Peak Tram created demand for residences on the Peak.",
"Between 1904 and 1930, the Peak Reservation Ordinance designated the Peak as an exclusive residential area reserved for non-Chinese.",
"They also reserved the Peak Tram for the use of such passengers during peak periods.",
"The Peak remains an upmarket residential area, although residency today is based on wealth."
] |
[
3
] |
Aviation accidents
|
Was alcohol a factor in the May 7, 1928 plane crash on Stone Mountain?
|
Stone Mountain
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
0,
2
] |
[
"According to George Weiblen's annotated calendar for Monday, May 7, 1928: \"Mail plane crashed on mountain at 8:00 P.M.\"Around dusk on September 16, 2003, in clear weather, a small airplane circled the mountain five times, then crashed headlong into the south side, burst into flames and killed the pilot.",
"A witness testifying at the NTSB investigation stated that the pilot, a 69-year-old accountant, had threatened on multiple occasions to commit suicide by flying into the mountain.",
"The official NTSB accident report lists the probable cause as \"The pilot's intentional flight into the ground for the purpose of suicide while impaired by alcohol.\""
] |
[] |
Criticism by novelist Buchheim
|
When was the film review for Das Boot published?
|
Das Boot
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
"Even though impressed by the technological accuracy of the film's set-design and port construction buildings, novelist Lothar-Günter Buchheim expressed great disappointment with Petersen's adaptation in a film review published in 1981, especially with Petersen's aesthetic vision for the film and the way the plot and the effects are, according to him, overdone and clichéd by the adaptation.",
"He also criticised the hysterical overacting of the cast, which he called highly unrealistic, while acknowledging the cast's acting talent in general.",
"Buchheim, after several attempts for an American adaptation had failed, had provided a script detailing his own narrative, cinematographical and photographical ideas as soon as Petersen was chosen as new director.",
"It would have amounted in full to a complete six-hour epic; however, Petersen turned him down because at the time the producers were aiming for a 90-minute feature for international release.",
"However, today's Director's Cut of \"Das Boot\" amounts to over 200 minutes, and the complete TV version of the film is 282 minutes long.",
"Buchheim, himself a U-boat correspondent, attacked specifically what he called Petersen's sacrificing of both realism and suspense in dialogue, narration, and photography for the sake of cheap dramatic thrills and action effects (for example, in reality one single exploding bolt of the boat's pressure hull would have been enough for the whole crew to worry about the U-boat being crushed by water pressure, while Petersen has several bolts loosening in various scenes).",
"Buchheim also criticized depictions of the crew's loud behaviour during patrols as unrealistic and celebrations after achieving a torpedo hit or surviving a bombing as unprofessional.",
"Furthermore, an officer—even an outsider like Lt. Werner—would have commanded special respect and that throwing an oil-drenched towel into his face would not have been tolerated.",
"Uttering concerns about the end result, Buchheim felt that unlike his clearly anti-war novel the adaptation was \"another re-glorification and re-mystification\" of the German World War II U-boat war, German heroism and nationalism.",
"He called the film a cross between a \"cheap, shallow American action flick\" and a \"contemporary German propaganda newsreel from World War II\"."
] |
[
2
] |
Identification
|
What could cause a stem cell to become isolated?
|
Stem cell
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
5
] |
[
"In practice, stem cells are identified by whether they can regenerate tissue.",
"For example, the defining test for bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is the ability to transplant the cells and save an individual without HSCs.",
"This demonstrates that the cells can produce new blood cells over a long term.",
"It should also be possible to isolate stem cells from the transplanted individual, which can themselves be transplanted into another individual without HSCs, demonstrating that the stem cell was able to self-renew.",
"Properties of stem cells can be illustrated \"in vitro\", using methods such as clonogenic assays, in which single cells are assessed for their ability to differentiate and self-renew.",
"Stem cells can also be isolated by their possession of a distinctive set of cell surface markers.",
"However, \"in vitro\" culture conditions can alter the behavior of cells, making it unclear whether the cells will behave in a similar manner \"in vivo\".",
"There is considerable debate as to whether some proposed adult cell populations are truly stem cells."
] |
[
0
] |
Doubles
|
Why is there more interest in men's doubles badminton?
|
Badminton
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
10,
11
] |
[
"Both pairs will try to gain and maintain the attack, smashing downwards when possible.",
"Whenever possible, a pair will adopt an ideal attacking formation with one player hitting down from the rearcourt, and his partner in the midcourt intercepting all smash returns except the lift.",
"If the rearcourt attacker plays a dropshot, his partner will move into the forecourt to threaten the net reply.",
"If a pair cannot hit downwards, they will use flat strokes in an attempt to gain the attack.",
"If a pair is forced to lift or clear the shuttlecock, then they must defend: they will adopt a side-by-side position in the rear midcourt, to cover the full width of their court against the opponents' smashes.",
"In doubles, players generally smash to the middle ground between two players in order to take advantage of confusion and clashes.",
"At high levels of play, the backhand serve has become popular to the extent that forehand serves have become fairly rare at a high level of play.",
"The straight low serve is used most frequently, in an attempt to prevent the opponents gaining the attack immediately.",
"Flick serves are used to prevent the opponent from anticipating the low serve and attacking it decisively.",
"At high levels of play, doubles rallies are extremely fast.",
"Men's doubles is the most aggressive form of badminton, with a high proportion of powerful jump smashes and very quick reflex exchanges.",
"Because of this, spectator interest is sometimes greater for men's doubles than for singles."
] |
[
1
] |
Critical reception
|
What was Rotten Tomatoes' score for Before Midnight?
|
Before Midnight (film)
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
1
] |
[
"Like its two predecessors, \"Before Midnight\" received widespread critical acclaim.",
"Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 98% based on reviews from 172 critics, with an average rating of 8.7/10.",
"The site's consensus is: \"Building on the first two installments in Richard Linklater's well-crafted Before trilogy, \"Before Midnight\" offers intelligent, powerfully acted perspectives on love, marriage, and long-term commitment.\"",
"Metacritic gives the film a score of 94 based on reviews from 41 critics, indicating \"universal acclaim\".",
"It was listed as the third best film of the year after \"12 Years a Slave\" and \"Gravity\".",
"It was the second best reviewed film of 2013 according to Rotten Tomatoes, after Alfonso Cuarón's \"Gravity\".",
"According to Total Film's Philip Kemp, \"As with its two predecessors—and with the films of French New Wave director Éric Rohmer, presiding deity of this kind of cinema—\"Midnight\"'s essentially a film about people talking.",
"But when the talk's this good, this absorbing and revealing and witty and true, who's going to complain?\"",
"Kemp gave the film five out of five stars and called it a \"more-than-worthy, expectations-exceeding chapter in one of modern cinema's finest love stories.",
"As honest, convincing, funny, intimate and natural as its predecessors.",
"\"Perry Seibert of AllMovie also praised the film, writing: \"The screenwriting trio fill the movie with long, discursive conversations (there are only two scenes in the first 20 minutes) that feel utterly improvised when they are performed, but are far too deftly structured to be anything other than the work of consummate artists.\"",
"Eric Kohn, from \"Indiewire\", gave the film rave reviews, adding it to his list of Top 10 Films of 2013.",
"He wrote that \"With \"Before Midnight\", Richard Linklater has completed one of the finest movie trilogies of all time.\""
] |
[
0
] |
Critical reception
|
What artist created the album "Take Care"
|
Take Care (album)
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
14
] |
[
"",
"\"Take Care\" received generally positive reviews from music critics.",
"At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 78, based on 34 reviews.",
"John McDonnell of \"NME\" dubbed it \"an affecting masterpiece\" and commended its \"delicate, mellifluous sound and unashamedly candid, emotive lyrics.\"",
"Pitchfork Media's Ryan Dombal found Drake's \"technical abilities\" to be improved and stated, \"Just as his thematic concerns have become richer, so has the music backing them up.\"",
"Andy Hutchins of \"The Village Voice\" called it \"a carefully crafted bundle of contradictory sentiments from a conflicted rapper who explores his own neuroses in as compelling a manner as anyone not named Kanye West.\"",
"\"Chicago Tribune\" writer Greg Kot complimented the depth of Drake's \"moral psychodramas\" and stated, \"the best of it affirms that Drake is shaping a pop persona with staying power.",
"\"Nitsuh Abebe of \"New York\" wrote that the album \"is full of gorgeous tones ... And the lyrics surrounding them can be rich with meaning\".",
"Evan Rytlewski of \"The A.V.",
"Club\" found it \"plenty downbeat, but gorgeous, an immersive headphone masterwork that's tender and intimate like little else in contemporary rap and R&B.\"",
"Ann Powers of NPR felt that \"the artfulness of this music allows me an in to that experience.",
"I can make that leap and identify with Drake, or at least be intrigued by multiple characters in the little dramas he designs.\"",
"Jon Caramanica of \"The New York Times\" called it \"an album of eccentric black pop that takes\" hip hop and R&B \"as starting points, asks what they can do but haven’t been doing, then attempts those things.",
"In the future an album like this will be commonplace; today, it’s radical.\"",
"With \"Take Care\", he named Drake \"hip-hop's current center of gravity\".",
"In a mixed review, Kyle Anderson of \"Entertainment Weekly\" panned its content as \"one overlong woozy monologue\" and called the album a \"total downer\", adding that \"Drake half-bakes his woozy rap-croon and glazes it with sluggish keyboard hums, stalling the album’s momentum\".",
"Alex Macpherson of \"The Guardian\" found his singing \"insipid\", his rapping \"inert\", and his lyrics \"hollow\", writing that \"he doesn't seem to realise that introspection is only worth a damn if you're an interesting person.\"",
"\"The Globe and Mail\"s Robert Everett-Green criticized Drake's lyrics as \"drawling patter\" and found the songs to \"noodle around [...] aimlessly\"."
] |
[
0
] |
Uplift and erosion
|
What caused the abrupt uplift of the Sierra?
|
Yosemite National Park
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
6,
7
] |
[
"Starting 10 million years ago, vertical movement along the Sierra fault started to uplift the Sierra Nevada.",
"Subsequent tilting of the Sierra block and the resulting accelerated uplift of the Sierra Nevada increased the gradient of western-flowing streams.",
"The streams consequently ran faster and thus cut their valleys more quickly.",
"Additional uplift occurred when major faults developed to the east, especially the creation of Owens Valley from Basin and Range-associated extensional forces.",
"Uplift of the Sierra accelerated again about two million years ago during the Pleistocene.",
"The uplifting and increased erosion exposed granitic rocks in the area to surface pressures, resulting in exfoliation (responsible for the rounded shape of the many domes in the park) and mass wasting following the numerous fracture joint planes (cracks; especially vertical ones) in the now solidified plutons.",
"Pleistocene glaciers further accelerated this process and the larger ones transported the resulting talus and till from valley floors.",
"Numerous vertical joint planes controlled where and how fast erosion took place.",
"Most of these long, linear and very deep cracks trend northeast or northwest and form parallel, often regularly spaced sets.",
"They were created by uplift-associated pressure release and by the unloading of overlying rock via erosion."
] |
[
0
] |
Etching
|
Who has Portrait of Dr. Gachet by Van Gogh?
|
Portrait of Dr. Gachet
| true | 3ART
|
[
5
] |
[
"Van Gogh, introduced to etching by Gachet, made the etching \"Portrait of Doctor Gachet\" in 1890.",
"Gachet and Van Gogh discussed creating a series of southern France themes but that never happened.",
"This was the one and only etching, also known as \"L'homme à la pipe\" (Man with a pipe), that Van Gogh ever made.",
"Van Gogh's brother, Theo, who received an impression of the etching, called it \"a true painter's etching.",
"No refinement in the execution, but a drawing on metal.\"",
"It is a different pose than that in Van Gogh's \"Portrait of Dr. Gachet\", owned by Musée d'Orsay.",
"The National Gallery of Canada finds that \"The undulating flow of the line is typical of the expressive quality of Van Gogh's late style.\"",
"The impression owned by the National Gallery is from one of the 60 printings following Van Gogh's death by Dr. Gachet's son, Paul Gachet Jr. Gachet's collector's stamp appears on the bottom edge of the print."
] |
[
3
] |
Abstract
|
Which mathematical function provides information about the probability of amplitude of position, momentum, and other physical properties?
|
Quantum mechanics
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
9
] |
[
"Quantum mechanics (QM – also known as quantum physics, or quantum theory) is a branch of physics which deals with physical phenomena at nanoscopic scales where the action is on the order of the Planck constant.",
"It departs from classical mechanics primarily at the \"quantum realm\" of atomic and subatomic length scales.",
"Quantum mechanics provides a mathematical description of much of the dual \"particle-like\" and \"wave-like\" behavior and interactions of energy and matter.",
"Quantum mechanics provides a substantially useful framework for many features of the modern periodic table of elements including the behavior of atoms during chemical bonding and has played a significant role in the development of many modern technologies.",
"In advanced topics of quantum mechanics, some of these behaviors are macroscopic (see macroscopic quantum phenomena) and emerge at only extreme (i.e., very low or very high) energies or temperatures (such as in the use of superconducting magnets).",
"For example, the angular momentum of an electron bound to an atom or molecule is quantized.",
"In contrast, the angular momentum of an unbound electron is not quantized.",
"In the context of quantum mechanics, the wave–particle duality of energy and matter and the uncertainty principle provide a unified view of the behavior of photons, electrons, and other atomic-scale objects.",
"The mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics are abstract.",
"A mathematical function, the wavefunction, provides information about the probability amplitude of position, momentum, and other physical properties of a particle.",
"Mathematical manipulations of the wavefunction usually involve bra–ket notation which requires an understanding of complex numbers and linear functionals.",
"The wavefunction formulation treats the particle as a quantum harmonic oscillator, and the mathematics is akin to that describing acoustic resonance.",
"Many of the results of quantum mechanics are not easily visualized in terms of classical mechanics.",
"For instance, in a quantum mechanical model the lowest energy state of a system, the ground state, is non-zero as opposed to a more \"traditional\" ground state with zero kinetic energy (all particles at rest).",
"Instead of a traditional static, unchanging zero energy state, quantum mechanics allows for far more dynamic, chaotic possibilities, according to John Wheeler.",
"The earliest versions of quantum mechanics were formulated in the first decade of the 20th century.",
"About this time, the atomic theory and the corpuscular theory of light (as updated by Einstein) first came to be widely accepted as scientific fact; these latter theories can be viewed as quantum theories of matter and electromagnetic radiation, respectively.",
"Early quantum theory was significantly reformulated in the mid-1920s by Werner Heisenberg, Max Born and Pascual Jordan, (matrix mechanics); Louis de Broglie and Erwin Schrödinger (wave mechanics); and Wolfgang Pauli and Satyendra Nath Bose (statistics of subatomic particles).",
"Moreover, the Copenhagen interpretation of Niels Bohr became widely accepted.",
"By 1930, quantum mechanics had been further unified and formalized by the work of David Hilbert, Paul Dirac and John von Neumann with a greater emphasis placed on measurement in quantum mechanics, the statistical nature of our knowledge of reality, and philosophical speculation about the role of the observer.",
"Quantum mechanics has since permeated throughout many aspects of 20th-century physics and other disciplines including quantum chemistry, quantum electronics, quantum optics, and quantum information science.",
"Much 19th-century physics has been re-evaluated as the \"classical limit\" of quantum mechanics and its more advanced developments in terms of quantum field theory, string theory, and speculative quantum gravity theories.",
"The name \"quantum mechanics\" derives from the observation that some physical quantities can change only in \"discrete\" amounts (Latin \"quanta\"), and not in a continuous (\"cf.\"",
"analog) way."
] |
[] |
Opening
|
Who opened the Sydney Opera House?
|
Sydney Opera House
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
0
] |
[
"The Opera House was formally opened by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, on 20 October 1973.",
"A large crowd attended.",
"Utzon was not invited to the ceremony, nor was his name mentioned.",
"The opening was televised and included fireworks and a performance of Beethoven's Symphony No.",
"9."
] |
[
3
] |
Types of shots played
|
What is a trickle boast?
|
Squash (sport)
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
9
] |
[
"There are many types of shots played that lead to interesting games and strategy.",
" Straight drive: The ball is hit parallel and close to a side wall to travel deep to the back of the court (the 'basic' squash shot).",
"Often referred to as a 'good length' shot.",
" Boast: The ball is played off a side wall at an angle, or the back wall, before hitting the front wall.",
" Volley: The ball is hit 'on the full' (before it touches the floor), usually directly to the front wall",
" Drop shot: The ball is hit gently against the front wall, to fall softly to the floor in the front corner.",
" Lob: The ball is hit softly and high on the front wall and with a high arc, so that it falls in a back corner of the court.",
" Cross Court: The ball is hit to the front wall from the right side to the left (or vice versa).",
" Kill: The ball is hit hard and low on the front wall so that it travels no farther than half court.",
" Trickle boast: A 'short' boast where the ball is hit to the side wall at the front of the court (often disguised as a drive or drop shot).",
" Squeeze boast: A more difficult shot which is hit from the front of the court when the ball is very close to the side wall.",
"Has the same effect as the trickle boast but is more deceptive because of its difficulty.",
" Nick shot: the ball is 'volleyed' or hit off a bounce to strike the front wall then the junction of the side wall and floor (the 'nick') giving the ball little or no bounce.",
" Rolling nick shot: When the nick shot is hit extremely well, the ball will roll along the floor (this is a more advanced shot that is a variation of the kill shot).",
" Back wall boast: the ball is hit moderately hard and high off the back wall, so that it goes the length of the room and hits (usually low) off the front wall.",
" Philadelphia (or corkscrew): A shot played diagonally upwards into the front corner hitting the front wall first and then the side wall.",
"The ball then lobs over the court with significant spin.",
"Ideally it hits the opposite side wall at the back and travels parallel to the rear wall making a return very difficult.",
"This shot is a favourite in exhibition squash but is susceptible to being volleyed.",
" Skid boast: A shot played from the back corners of the court where the ball is hit high along the sidewall with a small angle so that it hits the sidewall first, then hits high in the middle of the front wall continuing to cross the court while high in the air ideally hitting the opposite sidewall and landing close to the backwall to go past the opponent.",
"As with the Philadelphia it is suceptible to being volleyed.",
" Mizuki: This shot is hit as a volley.",
"Unlike a normal volley, the Mizuki shot is hit with the other side of the racquet by turning the wrist which deceives the direction of the ball.",
" Reverse angle: a boast where the opposite sidewall is hit first."
] |
[
0
] |
Writing and production
|
When did the soundtrack hit stores?
|
It Will Rain
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
2
] |
[
"",
"\"It Will Rain\" is a love ballad co-written and produced by Bruno Mars and his songwriting and production team, The Smeezingtons.",
"The soundtrack disc hit stores on November 8, 2011.",
"Bruno described the new song as \"think of the darker side of love\".",
"the song was highly popular and successful.",
"Mars and his label Elektra Records celebrated the singer’s fourth #1 single on the \"Billboard\" Top 40 chart with this song.",
"\"It Will Rain\" is featured in the end credits of \"\".",
"Mars said the tune was halfway done before he viewed an early cut of the film and, inspired by its characters, put together the finishing touches.",
"Alexandra Patsavas, music supervisor for the \"Twilight\" films, said she picked Mars because the latest film centered on a wedding and, \"Who more appropriate than Bruno Mars to write a timeless, classic wedding song?",
"\"The singer recalls having to literally turn off the radio when hearing his song \"It Will Rain\" (written for 2011's \"Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1\") because of his displeasure with the track's final mix.",
"\"I felt like I was a mosquito singing,\" Mars says with noticeable agitation.",
"\"I don't want that to happen again.\""
] |
[
2
] |
Shooting in Aurora, Colorado
|
Who was the suspect in the Dark Knight Rises Shooting?
|
The Dark Knight Rises
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
1
] |
[
"On July 20, 2012, during a midnight showing of the film at the Century 16 cinema in Aurora, Colorado, a gunman wearing a gas mask opened fire inside the theater, killing 12 people and injuring 58 others.",
"Police responding to the shooting apprehended a suspect, later identified as 24-year-old James Eagan Holmes, shortly after arriving on the scene.",
"At the time of his arrest, Holmes allegedly identified himself as the Joker to police.",
"Warner Bros. stated that it was deeply saddened by the shooting, and announced the cancellation of the Paris, Mexico, and Japan premieres of \"The Dark Knight Rises\", and suspended the marketing campaign for the film in Finland.",
"Several broadcast networks also suspended television ads for the film in the United States because of the tragedy.",
"The trailer for \"Gangster Squad\", another Warner Bros. movie which was included in the screening of \"The Dark Knight Rises\", has been removed as it contains a scene which shows gangsters shooting submachine guns at moviegoers through the screen, similar to the shooting in Aurora.",
"Director Christopher Nolan released a public statement calling the shooting \"unbearably savage\".",
"Other stars of the film released statements expressing their condolences, with star Christian Bale paying a personal visit to the survivors and the memorial in Aurora."
] |
[
3
] |
Treatment
|
What are the types of emotions shown in Michelangelo's Jesse Tree?
|
Sistine Chapel ceiling
| false | 3ART
|
[
3
] |
[
"Michelangelo's depiction of the Genealogy of Jesus departs from an artistic tradition for this topic that was common in medieval times, especially in stained-glass windows.",
"This so-called Jesse Tree shows Jesse lying prone and a tree growing from his side with the ancestors on each branch, in a visual treatment of a biblical verse.",
"The figures in the lunettes appear to be families, but in every case they are families that are divided.",
"The figures in them are physically divided by the name tablet but they are also divided by a range of human emotions that turn them outward or in on themselves and sometimes towards their partner with jealousy, suspicion, rage or simply boredom.",
"In them Michelangelo has portrayed the anger and unhappiness of the human condition, painting \"the daily round of merely domestic life as if it were a curse\".",
"In their constraining niches, the ancestors \"sit, squat and wait\".",
"Of the fourteen lunettes, the two that were probably painted first, the families of Eleazar and Mathan and of Jacob and Joseph are the most detailed.",
"They become progressively broader towards the altar end, one of the last being painted in only two days.",
"The Eleazar and Mathan picture contains two figures with a wealth of costume detail that is not present in any other lunette.",
"Prior to restoration, of all the paintings in the Sistine Chapel, the lunettes and spandrels were the dirtiest.",
"Added to this, there has always been a problem of poor daytime visibility of the panels nearest the windows because of \"halination\".",
"Consequently, they were the least well known of all Michelangelo's publicly accessible works.",
"The recent restoration has made these masterly studies of human nature and inventive depiction of the human form known once more.",
"Section References"
] |
[
0
] |
Later innovations
|
In what year did Heinz introduce the "Dip and Squeeze" packet?
|
Ketchup
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
2
] |
[
"In fast food outlets, ketchup is often dispensed in small packets.",
"Diners tear the side or top and squeeze the ketchup out of the ketchup packets.",
"In 2011, Heinz began offering a new measured-portion package, called the \"Dip and Squeeze\" packet, which allowed the consumer to either tear the top off the package and squeeze the contents out, as with the traditional packet, or, in the alternative, tear the \"front\" off the package and use the package as a dip cup of the type often supplied with certain entreés.",
"Previously fast food outlets dispensed ketchup from pumps into paper cups.",
"This method has made a resurgence in the first decade of the 21st century with cost and environmental concerns increasing of individual packets.",
"In October 2000, Heinz introduced colored ketchup products called EZ Squirt, which eventually included green, purple, pink, orange, teal, and blue.",
"These products were made by adding food coloring to the traditional ketchup.",
"these products have been discontinued."
] |
[
0
] |
Cast
|
What person narrates Hell's Kitchen?
|
Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series)
| true | 1TV
|
[
1
] |
[
"Gordon Ramsay is the head chef.",
"The narrator is Jason Thompson.",
"Jean-Philippe Susilovic, a Belgian maître d' comes from Petrus, one of Ramsay's London restaurants and appeared in the first seven seasons and later returned for the 11th season.",
"Susilovic was also the maître d' for the first series of the original British version.",
"James Lukanik replaced Susilovic for the eighth-tenth seasons.",
"Each team also has the services of one of two sous-chefs.",
"The sous-chefs are Andrea \"Andi\" Van Willigan (from season 7 onwards) and James Avery (from season 11 onwards).",
"Previous sous-chefs were Mary Ann Salcedo, Gloria Felix, Season 2 winner Heather West, and Scott Leibfried.",
"Head Chefs",
" Gordon Ramsay",
"Sous Chefs",
";Blue Team",
" Scott Leibfried (Seasons 1 – 10)",
" James Avery (Seasons 11 – present)",
";Red Team",
" Mary-Ann Salcedo (Seasons 1 – 3)",
" Gloria Felix (Seasons 4 – 5)",
" Heather West (Season 6)",
" Andi Van Willigan (Seasons 7 – present)",
"Maître d's",
" Jean-Philippe Susilovic (Seasons 1 – 7, 11 – present)",
" James Lukanik (Seasons 8 – 10)"
] |
[
0
] |
Flowering Orchards
|
When was The Cherry Tree written and how many orchards did Vincent have?
|
Vincent van Gogh
| true | 3ART
|
[
3
] |
[
"The series of \"Flowering Orchards\", sometimes referred to as the \"Orchards in Blossom\" paintings, were among the first groups of work that Van Gogh completed after his arrival in Arles, Provence in February 1888.",
"The 14 paintings in this group are optimistic, joyous and visually expressive of the burgeoning Springtime.",
"They are delicately sensitive, silent, quiet and unpopulated.",
"About \"The Cherry Tree\" Vincent wrote to Theo on 21 April 1888 and said he had 10 orchards and: \"one big (painting) of a cherry tree, which I've spoiled\".",
"The following spring he painted another smaller group of orchards, including \"View of Arles, Flowering Orchards\".",
"Van Gogh was taken by the landscape and vegetation of the South of France, and often visited the farm gardens near Arles.",
"Because of the vivid light supplied by the Mediterranean climate his palette significantly brightened.",
"From his arrival, he was interested in capturing the effect of the seasons on the surrounding landscape and plant life."
] |
[
2,
5
] |
Accessories
|
What keeps the body streamlined and protect the hair from chlorinated water?
|
Human swimming
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
7
] |
[
" Ear plugs can prevent water from getting in the ears.",
" Noseclips can prevent water from getting in the nose.",
"However, this is generally only used for synchronised swimming.",
"Using noseclips in competitive swimming can cause a disadvantage to most swimmers.",
"It is for this reason that noseclips are only used for synchronised swimming and recreational swimming.",
" Goggles protect the eyes from chlorinated water, and can improve underwater visibility.",
"Tinted goggles protect the eyes from sunlight that reflects from the bottom of the pool.",
" Swim caps keep the body streamlined and protect the hair from chlorinated water.",
" Kickboards are used to keep the upper body afloat while exercising the lower body.",
"Pull buoys are used to keep the lower body afloat while exercising the upper body.",
" Swimfins are used to elongate the kick and improve technique and speed.",
"Fins also build upper calf muscles.",
" Safety fencing and equipment is mandatory at public pools and a zoning requirement at most residential pools in the United States."
] |
[
0
] |
Ancient Greece and Rome
|
Who does Ancient Greek mythology credit with the discovery of cheese?
|
Cheese
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
0
] |
[
"Ancient Greek mythology credited Aristaeus with the discovery of cheese.",
"Homer's \"Odyssey\" (8th century BCE) describes the Cyclops making and storing sheep's and goats' milk cheese.",
"From Samuel Butler's translation:By Roman times, cheese was an everyday food and cheesemaking a mature art.",
"Columella's \"De Re Rustica\" (circa 65 CE) details a cheesemaking process involving rennet coagulation, pressing of the curd, salting, and aging.",
"Pliny's \"Natural History\" (77 CE) devotes a chapter (XI, 97) to describing the diversity of cheeses enjoyed by Romans of the early Empire.",
"He stated that the best cheeses came from the villages near Nîmes, but did not keep long and had to be eaten fresh.",
"Cheeses of the Alps and Apennines were as remarkable for their variety then as now.",
"A Ligurian cheese was noted for being made mostly from sheep's milk, and some cheeses produced nearby were stated to weigh as much as a thousand pounds each.",
"Goats' milk cheese was a recent taste in Rome, improved over the \"medicinal taste\" of Gaul's similar cheeses by smoking.",
"Of cheeses from overseas, Pliny preferred those of Bithynia in Asia Minor."
] |
[
3
] |
France
|
How long do residencies last for Anatomical pathology and Clinical pathology?
|
Pathology
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
0,
1
] |
[
"In France, Pathology is separate in two distinct specialties, Anatomical pathology and Clinical pathology.",
"Residencies both lasts four years.",
"Residency in anatomical pathology is open to physicians only, while clinical pathology is open to both physicians and pharmacists.",
"Anatomical pathology in France is integrated in the internal medicine specialty track.",
"At the end of the second year of clinical pathology residency, residents can choose between general Clinical pathology and a specialization in one of the disciplines, but they can not practise Anatomical pathology.",
"And conversely, Anatomical pathology residents can not practise Clinical pathology."
] |
[
5
] |
Planned film
|
Give the year that the film concerning a family visiting Disneyland came out.
|
Magic Kingdom
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
0
] |
[
"In 2010, director Jon Favreau and Walt Disney Pictures had a plan to produce and release a film concerning a family at Disneyland which finds the theme park characters and attractions coming to life.",
"Favreau, who said \"the Disney iconography was probably the first set of archetypes that I was exposed to\" and that Disney movies and attractions \"made a deep impression on me as a child\", noted that, \"When I first heard about the ['Magic Kingdom' film] project, I was on my way to visit Disneyland with my family.",
"I took notes and had no problem filling a book with all the ideas that this concept offered, even on first blush.",
"\"Marc Abraham and Eric Newman of Strike Entertainment were scheduled to produce the film.",
"Writer-producer Ronald D. Moore had previously written an original script for the project, which the studio eventually declined to use, stating that Favreau and a new screenwriter would develop a new script.",
"On June 20, 2011, novelist Michael Chabon signed on to write the film's script."
] |
[] |
Surveys of public opinion
|
In 2010, how many UK respondents to the poll claimed to be fairly convinced of climate change?
|
Global warming
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
6
] |
[
"Researchers at the University of Michigan have found that the public's belief as to the causes of global warming depends on the wording choice used in the polls.",
"In 2007–2008 Gallup Polls surveyed 127 countries.",
"Over a third of the world's population was unaware of global warming, with people in developing countries less aware than those in developed, and those in Africa the least aware.",
"Of those aware, Latin America leads in belief that temperature changes are a result of human activities while Africa, parts of Asia and the Middle East, and a few countries from the Former Soviet Union lead in the opposite belief.",
"There is a significant contrast of the opinions of the concept and the appropriate response between Europe and the United States.",
"Nick Pidgeon of Cardiff University said that \"results show the different stages of engagement about global warming on each side of the Atlantic\", adding, \"The debate in Europe is about what action needs to be taken, while many in the US still debate whether climate change is happening.\"",
"A 2010 poll by the Office of National Statistics found that 75% of UK respondents were at least \"fairly convinced\" that the world's climate is changing, compared to 87% in a similar survey in 2006.",
"A January 2011 ICM poll in the UK found 83% of respondents viewed climate change as a current or imminent threat, while 14% said it was no threat.",
"Opinion was unchanged from an August 2009 poll asking the same question, though there had been a slight polarisation of opposing views.",
"By 2010, with 111 countries surveyed, Gallup determined that there was a substantial decrease in the number of Americans and Europeans who viewed global warming as a serious threat.",
"In the US, a little over half the population (53%) now viewed it as a serious concern for either themselves or their families; this was 10% below the 2008 poll (63%).",
"Latin America had the biggest rise in concern, with 73% saying global warming was a serious threat to their families.",
"That global poll also found that people are more likely to attribute global warming to human activities than to natural causes, except in the USA where nearly half (47%) of the population attributed global warming to natural causes.",
"A March–May 2013 survey by Pew Research Center for the People & the Press polled 39 countries about global threats.",
"According to 54% of those questioned, global warming featured top of the perceived global threats.",
"In a January 2013 survey, Pew found that 69% of Americans say there is solid evidence that the Earth's average temperature has been getting warmer over the past few decades, up six points since November 2011 and 12 points since 2009."
] |
[
5
] |
Geography
|
Which parks are in Russia?
|
Russia
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
1
] |
[
"Russia is the largest country in the world; its total area is .",
"There are 23 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Russia, 40 UNESCO biosphere reserves, 41 national parks and 101 nature reserves.",
"It lies between latitudes 41° and 82° N, and longitudes 19° E and 169° W. Russia has a wide natural resource base, including major deposits of timber, petroleum, natural gas, coal, ores and other mineral resources."
] |
[] |
Corkspin
|
How can a cork spun ball be countered?
|
Table tennis
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
5
] |
[
"This type of spin is almost exclusively employed in service, but it is also used from time to time in the lob at the professional level.",
"Unlike any of the aforementioned techniques, corkspin (sometimes referred to as \"drill-spin\") features a unique situation in which the axis of spin is more or less parallel to the trajectory of the ball.",
"This means that the Magnus effect will have little to no effect on the trajectory of a cork-spun ball.",
"Upon bouncing, the ball will dart right or left, depending on the direction of the spin, making it very difficult to return.",
"Although in theory this type of spin produces the most obnoxious effects, it is not as strategically practical as sidespin or backspin in terms of the limitations that it imposes upon the opponent during their return.",
"Aside from the initial direction change when bouncing, provided that it does not exceed the reach of the opponent, a cork-spun ball is easily countered with topspin \"or\" backspin.",
"Similar to a backspin stroke, the corkspin stroke has a lower maximum velocity, simply due to the contact angle of the racket when producing the stroke.",
"To impart a spin on the ball which is parallel to its trajectory, the racket must be swung more or less perpendicular to the trajectory of the ball.",
"This greatly limits the amount of forward momentum that can be transferred to the ball by the racket.",
"Corkspin is almost always mixed with another variety of spin, as it is less effective and harder to produce on its own."
] |
[
5
] |
Politics
|
How many years is the term for the president of Algeria?
|
Algeria
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
7
] |
[
"Algeria is an authoritarian regime, according to the Democracy Index 2010.",
"The Freedom of the Press 2009 report gives it rating \"Not Free\".",
"Elected politicians are considered to have relatively little sway over Algeria.",
"Instead, a group of unelected civilian and military \"décideurs\", known as \"le pouvoir\" (\"the power\"), actually rule the country, even deciding who should be president.",
"The most powerful man may be Mohamed Mediène, head of the military intelligence.",
"In recent years, many of these generals have died or retired.",
"After the death of General Larbi Belkheir, Bouteflika put loyalists in key posts, notably at Sonatrach, and secured constitutional amendments that make him re-electable indefinitely.",
"The head of state is the president of Algeria, who is elected for a five-year term.",
"The president was formerly limited to two five-year terms, but a constitutional amendment passed by the Parliament on 11 November 2008 removed this limitation.",
"Algeria has universal suffrage at 18 years of age.",
"The President is the head of the army, the Council of Ministers and the High Security Council.",
"He appoints the Prime Minister who is also the head of government.",
"The Algerian parliament is bicameral; the lower house, the People's National Assembly, has 462 members who are directly elected for five-year terms, while the upper house, the Council of the Nation, has 144 members serving six-year terms, of which 96 members are chosen by local assemblies and 48 are appointed by the president.",
"According to the constitution, no political association may be formed if it is \"based on differences in religion, language, race, gender, profession or region\".",
"In addition, political campaigns must be exempt from the aforementioned subjects.",
"Parliamentary elections were last held in May 2012, and were judged to be largely free by international monitors, though local groups alleged fraud and irregularities.",
"In the elections, the FLN won 221 seats, the military-backed National Rally for Democracy won 70, and the Islamist Green Algeria Alliance won 47."
] |
[
5
] |
Health
|
What is the number of hospitals the ministry plans to build in addition to the 14 that already exist?
|
United Arab Emirates
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
4
] |
[
"The life expectancy at birth in the UAE is at 78.5 years.",
"Cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of death in the UAE, constituting 28% of total deaths; other major causes are accidents and injuries, malignancies, and congenital anomalies.",
"In February 2008, the Ministry of Health unveiled a five-year health strategy for the public health sector in the northern emirates, which fall under its purview and which, unlike Abu Dhabi and Dubai, do not have separate healthcare authorities.",
"The strategy focuses on unifyinghealthcare policy and improving access to healthcare services at reasonable cost, at the same time reducing dependence on overseas treatment.",
"The ministry plans to add three hospitals to the current 14, and 29 primary healthcare centres to the current 86.",
"Nine were scheduled to open in 2008.",
"The introduction of mandatory health insurance in Abu Dhabi for expatriates and their dependants was a major driver in reform of healthcare policy.",
"Abu Dhabi nationals were brought under the scheme from 1 June 2008 and Dubai followed for its government employees.",
"Eventually, under federal law, every Emirati and expatriate in the country will be covered by compulsory health insurance under a unified mandatory scheme.",
"Recently the country has been benefiting from medical tourists from all over the GCC.",
"The UAE currently attracts medical tourists seeking plastic surgery and advanced procedures, cardiac and spinal surgery, and dental treatment, as health services have higher standards than other Arab countries in the Persian Gulf."
] |
[
0
] |
Education
|
What is the cost of Korean schoolchildrens digital textbooks?
|
South Korea
| true | 5COUNTRY
|
[
3
] |
[
"Education in South Korea is regarded as crucial to financial and social success, and competition is consequently fierce, with many participating in intense outside tutoring to supplement classes.",
"In the 2006 results of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment, South Korea came first in problem solving, third in mathematics and seventh in science.",
"South Korea's education system is technologically advanced and it is the world's first country to bring high-speed fibre-optic broadband internet access to every primary and secondary school nation-wide.",
"Using this infrastructure, the country has developed the first Digital Textbooks in the world, which will be distributed for free to every primary and secondary school nation-wide by 2013.",
"A centralised administration in South Korea oversees the process for the education of children from kindergarten to the third and final year of high school.",
"South Korea has adopted a new educational program to increase the number of their foreign students through 2010.",
"According to Ministry of Education, Science and Technology estimate, by that time, the number of scholarships for foreign students in South Korea will be doubled, and the number of foreign students will reach 100,000.",
"The school year is divided into two semesters, the first of which begins in the beginning of March and ends in mid-July, the second of which begins in late August and ends in mid-February.",
"The schedules are not uniformly standardized and vary from school to school.",
"Most South Korean middle schools and high schools have school uniforms, modeled on western-style uniforms.",
"Boys' uniforms usually consists of trousers and white shirts, and girls wear skirts and white shirts (this only applies in middle schools and high schools)."
] |
[
0
] |
Personnel
|
Who is the guitarist?
|
Love the Way You Lie
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
10
] |
[
"The credits for \"Love the Way You Lie\" are adapted from the liner notes of \"Recovery\".",
" Eminem – mixing engineer, writer, vocalist",
" Rihanna – vocalist",
" Skylar Grey – writer",
" Alex da Kid – mastering engineer, mixing engineer, producer, writer",
" Mike Strange – mixing engineer, recording engineer",
" Marcos Tovar – recording engineer",
" Joe Strange – engineering assistant",
" Spike Lindsey – engineering assistant",
" Makeba Riddick – producer (vocals)",
" J. Brow – guitarist"
] |
[
3
] |
Cultural impact
|
Which online media source claims that "YOLO" is dumb?
|
The Motto
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
9
] |
[
"The song uses the phrase YOLO, an acronym for \"you only live once\".",
"The phrase can be seen in youth culture, for example a high school prank in Chicago, Illinois, involved high school students chanting \"YOLO.\"",
"Some people have graffitied YOLO on walls.",
"It has become a popular Twitter hashtag.",
"Some youth have said that it is their motto, and actor Zac Efron got a tattoo with the acronym.",
"Some youth, however, have taken action against the \"YOLO\" mindset; hip hop artist Joey Bada$$ released a song entitled \"Death of YOLO\" on his album \"Summer Knights\".",
"The song uses nearly dying in a car accident, a result of the \"YOLO\" lifestyle, as a metaphor for living making poor decisions.",
"The hip-hop magazine \"Da South\" reported that the rapper Lecrae has deconstructed the motto YOLO in his answer song \"No Regrets\".",
"The Washington Post describes YOLO as \"the newest acronym you'll love to hate\".",
"The Huffington Post says: \"YOLO is dumb.\"",
"In his January 18, 2014 appearance on Saturday Night Live, Drake apologized for popularizing the acronym.",
"The phrase \"you only live once\" is commonly attributed to Mae West, but variations of the phrase have been in use for over 100 years, including as far back as (the German equivalent of) \"one lives but once in the world\" by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in the play Clavigo in 1774, and as the title of a waltz \"Man lebt nur einmal!\"",
"(\"You Only Live Once!\")",
"by Johann Strauss II in 1855."
] |
[] |
Madonna and Child
|
In what year did Michelangelo create "Taddeo Tondo"?
|
Michelangelo
| false | 3ART
|
[
4
] |
[
"Madonna and Child.",
"The \"Madonna of the Steps\" is Michelangelo's earliest known work.",
"It is carved in shallow relief, a technique often employed by the master-sculptor of the early 15th-century, Donatello and others such as Desiderio da Settignano.",
"While the Madonna is in profile, the easiest aspect for a shallow relief, the child displays a twisting motion that was to become characteristic of Michelangelo's work.",
"The \"Taddeo Tondo\" of 1502, shows the Christ Child frightened by a Bullfinch, a symbol of the Crucifixion.",
"The lively form of the child was later adapted by Raphael in the \"Bridgewater Madonna\".",
"The \"Bruges Madonna\" was, at the time of its creation, unlike other such statues which show the Virgin proudly presenting her son.",
"Here, the Christ Child, restrained by his mother's clasping hand, is about to step off into the world.",
"The \"Doni Tondo\", depicting the Holy Family, has elements of all three previous works: the frieze of figures in the background has the appearance of a low-relief, while the circular shape and dynamic forms echo the Taddeo Tondo.",
"The twisting motion present in the Bruges Madonna is accentuated in the painting.",
"The painting heralds the forms, movement and colour that Michelangelo was to employ on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel."
] |
[
0
] |
Sustainability
|
What does the research on seafood population trends predict for the future?
|
Seafood
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
0
] |
[
"Research into population trends of various species of seafood is pointing to a global collapse of seafood species by 2048.",
"Such a collapse would occur due to pollution and overfishing, threatening oceanic ecosystems, according to some researchers.",
"A major international scientific study released in November 2006 in the journal \"Science\" found that about one-third of all fishing stocks worldwide have collapsed (with a collapse being defined as a decline to less than 10% of their maximum observed abundance), and that if current trends continue all fish stocks worldwide will collapse within fifty years.",
"In July 2009, Boris Worm of Dalhousie University, the author of the November 2006 study in \"Science,\" co-authored an update on the state of the world's fisheries with one of the original study's critics, Ray Hilborn of the University of Washington at Seattle.",
"The new study found that through good fisheries management techniques even depleted fish stocks can be revived and made commercially viable again.",
"The FAO State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2004 report estimates that in 2003, of the main fish stocks or groups of resources for which assessment information is available, \"approximately one-quarter were overexploited, depleted or recovering from depletion (16%, 7% and 1% respectively) and needed rebuilding.",
"\"The National Fisheries Institute, a trade advocacy group representing the United States seafood industry, disagree.",
"They claim that currently observed declines in fish population are due to natural fluctuations and that enhanced technologies will eventually alleviate whatever impact humanity is having on oceanic life."
] |
[
0
] |
Public view and title
|
What artist lent the space at 26 rue d'antin?
|
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
| true | 3ART
|
[
1
] |
[
"From 16 to 31 July 1916 \"Les Demoiselles\" was exhibited to the public for the first time at the Salon d'Antin, an exhibition organized by André Salmon titled \"L'Art moderne en France\".",
"The exhibition space at 26 rue d'Antin was lent by the famous couturier and art collector Paul Poiret.",
"The larger Salon d'Automne and Salon des Indépendants had been closed due to World War I, making this the only Cubists exhibition in France since 1914.",
"A review was published in \"Le Cri de Paris\": The Cubists are not waiting for the war to end to recommence hostilities against good sense.",
"They are exhibiting at the Galerie Poiret naked women whose scattered parts are represented in all four corners of the canvas: here an eye, there an ear, over there a hand, a foot on top, a mouth below.",
"M. Picasso, their leader, is possibly the least disheveled of the lot.",
"He has painted, or rather daubed, five women who are, if the truth be told, all hacked up, and yet their limbs somehow manage to hold together.",
"They have, moreover, piggish faces with eyes wandering negligently above their ears.",
"An enthusiastic art-lover offered the artist 20,000 francs for this masterpiece.",
"M. Picasso wanted more.",
"The art-lover did not insist.",
"Picasso referred to his only entry at the Salon d'Antin as his Brothel painting calling it \"Le Bordel d'Avignon\" but André Salmon retitled it \"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon\" so as to lessen its scandalous impact on the public.",
"Picasso never liked the title, however, preferring \"las chicas de Avignon,\" but Salmon's title stuck.",
"The only other time the painting might have been exhibited to the public prior to a 1937 showing in New York was in 1918, in an exhibition dedicated to Picasso and Matisse at Galerie Paul Guillaume in Paris, though very little information exists about this exhibition or the presence (if at all) of \"Les Demoiselles\".",
"Afterwards, the painting was rolled up and remained with Picasso until 1924 when, with urging and help from Breton and Louis Aragon (1897–1982), he sold it to designer Jacques Doucet (1853–1929), for 25,000 francs. "
] |
[
0
] |
Costume design
|
What materials were the panels made of that are put inside the leg, chest, and abdomen
|
The Dark Knight Rises
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
13
] |
[
"Costume design.",
"Costume designer Lindy Hemming explained that Bane uses a mask to inhale an analgesic gas, which, in director Christopher Nolan's words, \"keeps his pain just below the threshold so he can function.\"",
"In designing Bane's costume, Hemming needed it to look \"like an amalgam of all sorts of bits and pieces he cobbled together, as he passed through some very remote places.",
"We made parts of his vest, for example, from fragments of an old military tent.",
"His clothes are militaristic, but are not in any way a uniform.\"",
"Hemming also designed Bane's mask to look \"animalistic\".",
"Costume effects supervisor Graham Churchyard created a three-dimensional model of actor Tom Hardy's face and skull to design the mask, allowing the mask to perfectly conform to the contours of Hardy's face.",
"Hemming personally designed Bane's coat, which she admitted took two years to complete.",
"Taking inspiration from a Swedish army jacket and a frock coat from the French Revolution, it was designed to make Bane look like equal parts dictatorial and revolutionary.",
"The design was difficult as Hemming struggled to find a tailor in Los Angeles who could work with shearling.",
"The Batsuit consisted of 110 separate pieces, each of which had to be replicated dozens of times over the course of the production.",
"The base layer was made of a polyester mesh that is utilized by the military and high-tech sports manufacturers because of its breathability and moisture-wicking properties.",
"Molded pieces of flexible urethane were then attached to the mesh, to form the overall body armor plating.",
"Carbon fiber panels were placed inside the sections on the legs, chest and abdomen.",
"The cowl was sculpted from a cast of Bale's face and head to become a perfect fit for Christian Bale.",
"The suit remained unchanged for the film since \"The Dark Knight\".",
"In creating Selina Kyle's catsuit, two layers of material were used, with the outer layer being polyurethane coated spandex, embossed with a hexagonal pattern.",
"The catsuit also consisted of elbow-length gloves, a utility belt, and thigh-high boots with spike heels."
] |
[
0
] |
Legal system and judiciary
|
What is the basis of English Common law?
|
Hong Kong
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
2
] |
[
"Hong Kong's legal system is completely independent from the legal system of mainland China.",
"In contrast to mainland China's civil law system, Hong Kong continues to follow the English Common Law tradition established under British rule.",
"The essence of English common law is that it is made by judges sitting in courts, applying legal precedent (\"stare decisis\") to the facts before them.",
"For example, murder is a common law crime rather than one established by an Act of Parliament.",
"Common law can be amended or repealed by Parliament; murder, for example, now carries a mandatory life sentence rather than the death penalty.",
"According to Article 92 of the Basic Law, Hong Kong's courts may refer to decisions rendered by courts of other common law jurisdictions as precedents, and judges from other common law jurisdictions, most commonly England, Canada and Australia, are allowed to sit as non-permanent judges of the Court of Final Appeal.",
"Structurally, the court system consists of the Court of Final Appeal, the High Court, which is made up of the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance, and the District Court, which includes the Family Court.",
"Other adjudicative bodies include the Lands Tribunal, the Magistrates' Courts, the Juvenile Court, the Coroner's Court, the Labour Tribunal, the Small Claims Tribunal, and the Obscene Articles Tribunal.",
"Justices of the Court of Final Appeal are appointed by Hong Kong's Chief Executive.",
"The Court of Final Appeal has the power of final adjudication with respect to the law of Hong Kong as well as the power of final interpretation over local laws including the power to strike down local ordinances on the grounds of inconsistency with the Basic LawThe Department of Justice is responsible for handling legal matters for the government.",
"Its responsibilities include providing legal advice, criminal prosecution, civil representation, legal and policy drafting and reform, and international legal cooperation between different jurisdictions.",
"Apart from prosecuting criminal cases, lawyers of the Department of Justice act on behalf of the government in all civil and administrative lawsuits against the government.",
"As protector of the public interest, the department may apply for judicial reviews and may intervene in any cases involving the greater public interest.",
"The Basic Law protects the Department of Justice from any interference by the government when exercising its control over criminal prosecution."
] |
[
0
] |
Casualties
|
According to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, how many Germans died?
|
Battle of Moscow
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
8
] |
[
"Both German and Soviet casualties during the battle of Moscow have been a subject of debate, as various sources provide somewhat different estimates.",
"Not all historians agree on what should be considered the \"Battle of Moscow\" in the timeline of World War II.",
"While the start of the battle is usually regarded as the beginning of Operation \"Typhoon\" on 30 September 1941 (or sometimes on 2 October 1941), there are two different dates for the end of the offensive.",
"In particular, some sources (such as Erickson and Glantz) exclude the Rzhev offensive from the scope of the battle, considering it as a distinct operation and making the Moscow offensive \"stop\" on 7 January 1942—thus lowering the number of casualties.",
"Other historians, who include the Rzhev and Vyazma operations in the scope of the battle (thus making the battle end in May 1942), give higher casualty numbers.",
"There are also significant differences in figures from various sources.",
"John Erickson, in his \"Barbarossa: The Axis and the Allies\", gives a figure of 653,924 Soviet casualties between October 1941 and January 1942.",
"Glantz, in his book \"When Titans Clashed\", gives a figure of 658,279 for the defense phase alone, plus 370,955 for the winter counteroffensive until 7 January 1942.",
"The estimate of 400,000 German casualties by January 1942 reported in the \"Great Soviet Encyclopedia\", published in 1973–1978, is clearly inflated.",
"A much more accurate estimate is provided in the \"Moscow Encyclopedia\", published in 1997; its authors, based on various sources, give a figure of 145,000 German and 900,000 Soviet casualties for the defensive phase, along with 103,000 German and 380,000 Soviet casualties for the counteroffensive until 7 January 1942.",
"Many of the Soviet casualties, however, consisted of captured men.",
"On the other hand, Wehrmacht daily casualty reports show 35,757 killed in action, 128,716 wounded, and 9,721 missing in action for the entire Army Group Center between 1 October 1941 and 10 January 1942.",
"Therefore, total casualties between 30 September 1941, and 7 January 1942, are estimated to be between 174,000 and 248,000 for the \"Wehrmacht\" (Wehrmacht reports / Moscow encyclopedia estimate) and between 650,000 and 1,280,000 for the Red Army (Erickson / Moscow encyclopedia estimate).",
"Regardless of these disagreements, the Battle of Moscow is considered among the most lethal battles in world history."
] |
[
5
] |
Early modern history (1536–1849)
|
When did Christian IV of Denmark attack Sweden?
|
Denmark
| false | 5COUNTRY
|
[
3
] |
[
"Early modern history (1536–1849).",
"After Sweden permanently broke away from the Kalmar Union in 1523, Denmark tried on two occasions to reassert control over Sweden.",
"The first was in the Northern Seven Years' War which lasted from 1563 until 1570.",
"The second occasion was the Kalmar War when King Christian IV attacked Sweden in 1611 but failed to accomplish his main objective of forcing Sweden to return to the union with Denmark.",
"The war led to no territorial changes, but Sweden was forced to pay a war indemnity of 1 million silver riksdaler to Denmark, an amount known as the \"Älvsborg ransom\".",
"King Christian used this money to found several towns and fortresses, most notably Glückstadt (founded as a rival to Hamburg), Christiania (following a fire destroying the original city of Oslo), Christianshavn, Christianstad, and Christiansand.",
"Christian also constructed a number of buildings, most notably Børsen, Rundetårn, Nyboder, Rosenborg, a silver mine, and a copper mill.",
"Inspired by the Dutch East India Company, he founded a similar Danish company and planned to claim Ceylon as a colony, but the company only managed to acquire Tranquebar on India's Coromandel Coast.",
"Denmark's large colonial aspirations were limited to a few key trading posts in Africa and India.",
"In the Thirty Years' War, Christian tried to become the leader of the Lutheran states in Germany but suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Lutter.",
"The result was that the Catholic army under Albrecht von Wallenstein was able to invade, occupy, and pillage Jutland, forcing Denmark to withdraw from the war.",
"Denmark managed to avoid territorial concessions, but Gustavus Adolphus' intervention in Germany was seen as a sign that the military power of Sweden was on the rise while Denmark's influence in the region was declining.",
"Swedish armies invaded Jutland in 1643 and claimed Skåne in 1644.",
"According to Geoffrey Parker, \"The Swedish occupation caused a drop in agricultural production and a shortage of capital; harvest failure and plague ravaged the land between 1647 and 1651; Denmark's population fell by 20 per cent.",
"\"In the 1645 Treaty of Brømsebro, Denmark surrendered Halland, Gotland, the last parts of Danish Estonia, and several provinces in Norway.",
"In 1657, King Frederick III declared war on Sweden and marched on Bremen-Verden.",
"This led to a massive Danish defeat and the armies of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden conquered both Jutland, Funen, and much of Zealand before signing the Peace of Roskilde in February 1658 which gave Sweden control of Skåne, Blekinge, Trøndelag, and the island of Bornholm.",
"Charles X Gustav quickly regretted not having destroyed Denmark completely and in August 1658 he began a two-year long siege of Copenhagen but failed to take the capital.",
"In the following peace settlement, Denmark managed to maintain its independence and regain control of Trøndelag and Bornholm.",
"Denmark tried to regain control of Skåne in the Scanian War (1675–79) but this attempt was a failure.",
"Following the Great Northern War (1700–21), Denmark managed to restore control of the parts of Schleswig and Holstein ruled by the house of Holstein-Gottorp in 1721 and 1773, respectively.",
"In the Napoleonic Wars, Denmark originally tried to pursue a policy of neutrality and trade with both France and the United Kingdom and joined the League of Armed Neutrality with Russia, Sweden, and Prussia.",
"The British considered this a hostile act and attacked Copenhagen in both 1801 and 1807, in one case carrying off the Danish fleet, in the other, burning large parts of Copenhagen.",
"This led to the so-called Danish-British Gunboat War.",
"The British control of the waterways between Denmark and Norway proved disastrous to the union's economy and in 1813, Denmark-Norway went bankrupt.",
"The Danish-Norwegian union was dissolved by the Treaty of Kiel in 1814.",
"Norway entered a new union with Sweden which lasted until 1905.",
"Denmark kept the colonies of Iceland, Faroe Islands, and Greenland.",
"Apart from the Nordic colonies, Denmark ruled over Danish India (Tranquebar in India) from 1620 to 1869, the Danish Gold Coast (Ghana) from 1658 to 1850, and the Danish West Indies (the U.S. Virgin Islands) from 1671 to 1917."
] |
[
2
] |
40th anniversary events
|
Who were the astronauts who won the Congressional Gold Medal?
|
Apollo 11
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
8,
9
] |
[
"On July 15, 2009, Life.com released a photo gallery of previously unpublished photos of the astronauts taken by \"Life\" photographer Ralph Morse prior to the Apollo 11 launch.",
"From July 16–24, 2009, NASA streamed the original mission audio on its website in real time 40 years to the minute after the events occurred.",
"In addition, it is in the process of restoring the video footage and has released a preview of key moments.",
"On July 20, 2009, the crew of Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins met with U.S. President Barack Obama at the White House.",
"\"We expect that there is, as we speak, another generation of kids out there who are looking up at the sky and are going to be the next Armstrong, Collins and Aldrin,\" Obama said.",
"\"We want to make sure that NASA is going to be there for them when they want to take their journey.",
"\"The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum set up a Flash website that rebroadcasts the transmissions of Apollo 11 from launch to landing on the Moon.",
"A group of British scientists interviewed as part of the anniversary events reflected on the significance of the Moon landing:It was carried out in a technically brilliant way with risks taken ... that would be inconceivable in the risk-averse world of today ...",
"The Apollo programme is arguably the greatest technical achievement of mankind to date ... nothing since Apollo has come close the excitement that was generated by those astronauts - Armstrong, Aldrin and the 10 others who followed them.",
"On August 7, 2009, an act of Congress awarded the three astronauts a Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States.",
"The bill was sponsored by Florida Sen. Bill Nelson and Florida Rep. Alan Grayson.",
"In July 2010, air to ground voice recordings and film footage shot in Mission Control during the Apollo 11 powered descent and landing was re-synchronised and released for the first time."
] |
[
3
] |
Origin
|
What century did Kukai travel to china to study?
|
Udon
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
16
] |
[
"There are many stories explaining the origin of udon.",
"One story says that in AD.1241, Enni, a Rinzai monk, introduced flour milling technology to Japan.",
"Floured crops were then made into noodles such as udon, soba, and pancakes which were eaten by locals.",
"Milling techniques were spread around the country.",
"In the Edo period, the thicker wheat noodle was generally called udon, and served with a hot broth called nurumugi(温麦).",
"The chilled variety was called hiyamugi(冷麦).",
"Another story states that in Nara period, a Japanese envoy was introduced to 14 kinds of confection whilst in Tang Dynasty China.",
"One of them was called sakubei(索餅).",
"Sakubei was listed as 'muginawa'(牟義縄) on Shin Senji Kyo(新撰字鏡), a dictionary which was published in Heian Era.",
"The muginawa is believed to be an origin for many kinds of Japanese noodles.",
"However, the muginawa listed on Shin Senji Kyo(新撰字鏡) was made with wheat and rice flour.",
"Another historical story for udon claims that the original name of the noodle was 'konton', which was made with wheat flour and sweet fillings.",
"Yet another story says that a Buddhist priest called Kukai introduced udon noodles to Shikoku during the Heian Era.",
"In China, similar thick wheat flour noodles are called \"cū miàn\" (粗麵).",
"This noodle was 2 to 3 mm in diameter, a flat pancake-shaped \"noodle\" added to miso-based soup.",
"The Sino-Japanese characters for udon (饂飩) is similar to, but different from, the modern Chinese characters for wonton, which is called hún dùn in Mandarin (馄炖), a type of dumplings.",
"In Chinese, udon noodles are called \"wūdōngmiàn\" (烏冬 \"wūdōng\" or 烏冬麵), and sometimes \"wūlóngmiàn\" (烏龍麵), which has the same characters as those used in \"Oolong\" tea (\"wūlóngchá\", 烏龍茶), though there is no semantic relation between the two usages.Kūkai, the Buddhist priest, traveled to China around the beginning of the 9th century to study.",
"Sanuki Province claimed to have been the first to adopt udon noodles from Kūkai.",
"Hakata claimed to have produced udon noodles based on Enni's recipe."
] |
[
0
] |
Ratings
|
What day of the week was the second season of the show the highest rated?
|
Modern Family
| true | 1TV
|
[
2
] |
[
"Since its premiere, the series has remained popular.",
"In its first season, the show became the sixth highest-rated scripted show in America among adults between the ages of 18 and 49, and the third-highest rated new show.",
"Aided by winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, the show's second season became the highest rated show on Wednesday on premiere week and also rose 34% from the previous season among adults between the ages of 18 and 49.",
"The show frequently ranked as television's top scripted series in adults 18–49 as well.",
"The success of the show has been positively compared to \"The Cosby Show\".",
"During the 2010–2011 season, \"Modern Family\" was the highest rated scripted show in the 18–49 demographic, and the third highest rated overall sitcom behind CBS's \"The Big Bang Theory\" and \"Two and a Half Men\".",
"The season also ranked first among DVR viewers.",
"The third season premiere became ABC's top-rated season premiere in six years.",
"The series' success in ratings has also led to the series being credited for reviving sitcoms."
] |
[
0
] |
Free hits
|
When are free hits awarded?
|
Field hockey
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"Free hits are awarded when offences are committed outside the scoring circles (the term 'free hit' is standard usage but the ball need not be hit).",
"The ball may be hit, pushed or lifted in any direction by the team offended against.",
"The ball can be lifted from a free hit but not by hitting, you must flick or scoop to lift from a free hit.",
"(In previous rules versions hits in the area outside the circle in open play have been permitted but lifting one direction from a free hit prohibited).",
"Opponents must move from the ball when a free hit is awarded.",
"A free hit must be taken from within playing distance of the place of the offence for which it was awarded and the ball must be stationary when the free-hit is taken.",
"As mentioned above, a 15 m hit is awarded if an attacking player commits a foul forward of that line, or if the ball passes over the back line off an attacker.",
"These free hits are taken in line with where the foul was committed (taking a line parallel with the sideline between where the offence was committed, or the ball went out of play).",
"When an attacking free hit is awarded within 5 m of the circle everyone including the person taking the penalty must be five metres from the circle and everyone apart from the person taking the free hit must be five metres away from the ball.",
"When taking an attacking free hit the ball may not be hit straight into the circle if you are within your attacking 23 metre area (25 yard area).",
"It must travel 5 metres before going in."
] |
[
2
] |
Flowering Orchards
|
Did the Flowering Orchards have any other names?
|
Vincent van Gogh
| true | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"The series of \"Flowering Orchards\", sometimes referred to as the \"Orchards in Blossom\" paintings, were among the first groups of work that Van Gogh completed after his arrival in Arles, Provence in February 1888.",
"The 14 paintings in this group are optimistic, joyous and visually expressive of the burgeoning Springtime.",
"They are delicately sensitive, silent, quiet and unpopulated.",
"About \"The Cherry Tree\" Vincent wrote to Theo on 21 April 1888 and said he had 10 orchards and: \"one big (painting) of a cherry tree, which I've spoiled\".",
"The following spring he painted another smaller group of orchards, including \"View of Arles, Flowering Orchards\".",
"Van Gogh was taken by the landscape and vegetation of the South of France, and often visited the farm gardens near Arles.",
"Because of the vivid light supplied by the Mediterranean climate his palette significantly brightened.",
"From his arrival, he was interested in capturing the effect of the seasons on the surrounding landscape and plant life."
] |
[] |
Grip
|
What is the technique to hold a racquet so you can hit shots called?
|
Tennis
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"A grip is a way of holding the racquet in order to hit shots during a match.",
"The grip affects the angle of the racquet face when it hits the ball and influences the pace, spin, and placement of the shot.",
"Players use various grips during play, including the Continental (The \"Handshake Grip\"), Eastern (Can be either semi-eastern or full eastern.",
"Usually used for backhands.",
"), and Western (semi-western or full western, usually for forehand grips) grips.",
"Most players change grips during a match depending on what shot they are hitting; for example, slice shots and serves call for a Continental grip."
] |
[
0
] |
Home media
|
When was the film released on Blu-Ray in November 2009?
|
Forrest Gump
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
3
] |
[
"",
"\"Forrest Gump\" was first released on VHS tape on April 27, 1995, as a two-disc Laserdisc set on April 28, 1995, (including the \"Through the Eyes of Forrest\" special feature), before being released in a two-disc DVD set on August 28, 2001.",
"Special features included director and producer commentaries, production featurettes, and screen tests.",
"The film was released on Blu-ray disc in November 2009."
] |
[
2
] |
Abstract
|
Who sang the song "As Long as You Love Me"?
|
As Long as You Love Me (Justin Bieber song)
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
0
] |
[
"As Long as You Love Me (Justin Bieber song)\"As Long as You Love Me\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber, from his third studio album, \"Believe\" (2012).",
"The track was produced by Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins and Andre Lindal.",
"It was written by Rodney Jerkins, Andre Lindal, Nasri Atweh, Sean Anderson and Justin Bieber.",
"It was first released on June 11, 2012 as a promotional single from the album, and one month later it was released as the album's second single.",
"The track features American rapper Big Sean.",
"The song has since charted in the United Kingdom first at number thirty as a promo single with first week sales of 11,598, and then after being released as a single it improved its position on the UK Singles Chart reaching number 22.",
"On \"Billboard\"s Rhythmic Airplay Chart, the single reached number one, giving Bieber his first number one single on an American airplay music chart.",
"It also reached the number one position on \"Billboard\"s Dance/Mix Show Airplay chart, making Bieber the fifth Canadian artist to reach that position after Martin Solveig featuring Dragonette's \"Hello\" in 2011.",
"The song has sold 2,240,000 copies in the US as December 2012.",
"The music video features actor Michael Madsen."
] |
[
3
] |
Overs
|
How many deliveries constitutes an over?
|
Cricket
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
0
] |
[
"The bowler bowls the ball in sets of six deliveries (or \"balls\") and each set of six balls is called an over.",
"This name came about because the umpire calls \"Over!\"",
"when six balls have been bowled.",
"At this point, another bowler is deployed at the other end, and the fielding side changes ends while the batsmen do not.",
"A bowler cannot bowl two successive overs, although a bowler can bowl unchanged at the same end for several overs.",
"The batsmen do not change ends and so the one who was non-striker is now the striker and vice-versa.",
"The umpires also change positions so that the one who was at square leg now stands behind the wicket at the non-striker's end and \"vice-versa\"."
] |
[
5
] |
Planetary nebulae
|
What year will the sun become a new nebula
|
Nebula
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
4
] |
[
"Planetary nebulae form from the gaseous shells that are ejected from low-mass asymptotic giant branch stars when they transform into white dwarfs.",
"They are emission nebulae with spectra similar to those of emission nebulae found in star formation regions.",
"Technically they are HII regions, because most hydrogen will be ionized, but they are denser and more compact than the nebulae in star formation regions.",
"Planetary nebulae were given their name by the first astronomical observers who became able to distinguish them from planets, who tended to confuse them with planets, of more interest to them.",
"Our Sun is expected to spawn a planetary nebula about 12 billion years after its formation."
] |
[
0
] |
Naval warfare
|
Why were there so few naval battles in the Korean War?
|
Korean War
| true | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
0
] |
[
"Because neither Korea had a large navy, the Korean War featured few naval battles; mostly the combatant navies served as naval artillery for their in-country armies.",
"A skirmish between North Korea and the UN Command occurred on 2 July 1950; the US Navy cruiser USS \"Juneau\", the Royal Navy cruiser HMS \"Jamaica\", and the frigate HMS \"Black Swan\" fought four North Korean torpedo boats and two mortar gunboats, and sank them.",
"During most of the war, the UN navies patrolled the west and east coasts of North Korea and sank supply and ammunition ships to deny the sea to North Korea.",
"Aside from very occasional gunfire from North Korean shore batteries, the main threat to US and UN navy ships was from magnetic mines the North Koreans employed for defensive purposes.",
"During the war, five U.S. Navy ships were lost (two minesweepers, two minesweeper escorts, and one ocean tug) all of them to mines, while 87 other warships suffered from slight to moderate damage from North Korean coastal artillery.",
"The USS \"Juneau\" sank ammunition ships that had been present in her previous battle.",
"The last sea battle of the Korean War occurred at Inchon, days before the Battle of Incheon; the ROK ship \"PC 703\" sank a North Korean mine layer in the Battle of Haeju Island, near Inchon.",
"Three other supply ships were sunk by \"PC-703\" two days later in the Yellow Sea."
] |
[
1
] |
Themes
|
is Elf a race of a character?
|
The Lord of the Rings
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
2
] |
[
"Although \"The Lord of the Rings\" was published in the 1950s, Tolkien insisted that the One Ring was not an allegory for the Atomic Bomb, nor were his works a strict allegory of any kind, but were open to interpretation as the reader saw fit.",
"A few critics have found what they consider to be racial elements in the story, generally based upon their views of how Tolkien's imagery depicts good and evil, characters' race (e.g.",
"Elf, Dwarf, Hobbit, Southron, Númenórean, Orc); and that the character's race is seen as determining their behaviour.",
"Counter-arguments note that race-focused critiques often omit relevant textual evidence to the contrary, cite imagery from adaptations rather than the work itself; ignore the absence of evidence of racist attitudes or events in the author's personal life and claim that the perception of racism is itself a marginal view.",
"Critics have also seen social class rather than race as being the determinant factor for the portrayal of good and evil.",
"Commentators such as science fiction author David Brin have interpreted the work to hold unquestioning devotion to a traditional elitist social structure.",
"In his essay \"Epic Pooh\", science fiction and fantasy author Michael Moorcock critiques the world-view displayed by the book as deeply conservative, in both the 'paternalism' of the narrative voice and the power-structures in the narrative.",
"Tom Shippey cites the origin of this portrayal of evil as a reflection of the prejudices of European middle-classes during the inter-war years towards the industrial working class.",
"Other observers have cited Christian and Catholic themes in \"The Lord of the Rings\".",
"The book has been read as fitting the model of Joseph Campbell's \"monomyth\"."
] |
[] |
Track listing
|
What sort of album features the remixes to Set Fire to the Rain?
|
Set Fire to the Rain
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
0
] |
[
";Digital EP — remixes",
"\"Set Fire to the Rain\" (Thomas Gold Remix) – ",
"\"Set Fire to the Rain\" (Thomas Gold Dub) – ",
"\"Set Fire to the Rain\" (Moto Blanco Remix) – ",
"\"Set Fire to the Rain\" (Moto Blanco Edit) – "
] |
[
0
] |
Abstract
|
How did Rembrandt sign his paintings?
|
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp
| true | 3ART
|
[
5
] |
[
"The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp is a 1632 oil painting on canvas by Rembrandt housed in the Mauritshuis museum in The Hague, the Netherlands.",
"Dr. Nicolaes Tulp is pictured explaining the musculature of the arm to medical professionals.",
"Some of the spectators are various doctors who paid commissions to be included in the painting.",
"The painting is signed in the top-left hand corner \"Rembrant.",
"f 1632\".",
"This may be the first instance of Rembrandt signing a painting with his forename (in its original form) as opposed to the monogramme \"RHL\" (Rembrant Harmenszoon of Leiden), and is thus a sign of his growing artistic confidence.",
"The event can be dated to 16 January 1632: the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons, of which Tulp was official City Anatomist, permitted only one public dissection a year, and the body would have to be that of an executed criminal.",
"Anatomy lessons were a social event in the 17th century, taking place in lecture rooms that were actual theatres, with students, colleagues and the general public being permitted to attend on payment of an entrance fee.",
"The spectators are appropriately dressed for a solemn social occasion.",
"It is thought that the uppermost (not holding the paper) and farthest left figures were added to the picture later.",
"One person is missing: the Preparator, whose task it was to prepare the body for the lesson.",
"In the 17th century an important scientist such as Dr. Tulp would not be involved in menial and bloody work like dissection, and such tasks would be left to others.",
"It is for this reason that the picture shows no cutting instruments.",
"Instead we see in the lower right corner an enormous open textbook on anatomy, possibly the 1543 \"De humani corporis fabrica\" (\"Fabric of the Human Body\") by Andreas Vesalius.",
"Medical specialists have commented on the accuracy of muscles and tendons painted by the 26-year-old Rembrandt.",
"It is not known where he obtained such knowledge; it is possible that he copied the details from an anatomical textbook.",
"However, in 2006 Dutch researchers recreated the scene with a male cadaver, revealing several discrepancies of the exposed left forearm compared to that of a real corpse.",
"The surgically astute will notice that the origin of the exposed forearm muscles would seem to indicate that the flexor compartment originates at the lateral epicondyle, when it is, in fact, the medial epicondyle.",
"It is the common extensor origin that originates at the lateral epicondyle.",
"In a 2007 study, the American artist and anatomist David J. Jackowe and his colleagues demonstrated that the mysterious white cord that courses along the ulnar aspect of the cadaver's carpus and little finger, long thought to be either an ulnar nerve variant or artistic error, is most likely the tendon of an anomalous forearm muscle, the accessory abductor digiti minimi. "
] |
[
5
] |
Project Gemini
|
How long did Buzz Aldrin work outside the spacecraft in November 1966?
|
Space Race
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
9
] |
[
"Focused by the commitment to a moon landing, in January 1962 the US introduced Project Gemini, a two-crew-member spacecraft that would support Apollo by developing the key spaceflight technologies of space rendezvous and docking of two craft, flight durations of sufficient length to simulate going to the Moon and back, Extra-vehicular Activity for extended periods, and accomplishing useful work rather than just \"walking in space.\"",
"Although Gemini took a year longer than planned to accomplish its first flight, Gemini took advantage of the USSR's two-year hiatus after Voskhod, which enabled the US to catch up and surpass the previous Soviet lead in piloted spaceflight.",
"Gemini achieved several significant firsts during the course of ten piloted missions:",
" On Gemini 3 (March 1965), astronauts Virgil \"Gus\" Grissom and John W. Young became the first to demonstrate their ability to change their craft's orbit.",
" On Gemini 5 (August 1965), astronauts L. Gordon Cooper and Charles \"Pete\" Conrad set a record of almost eight days in space, long enough for a piloted lunar mission.",
" On Gemini 6A (December 1965), Command Pilot Wally Schirra achieved the first space rendezvous with Gemini 7, accurately matching his orbit to that of the other craft, station-keeping for three consecutive orbits at distances as close as .",
" Gemini 7 also set a human spaceflight endurance record of fourteen days for Frank Borman and James A. Lovell, which stood until both nations started launching space laboratories in the early 1970s.",
" On Gemini 8 (March 1966), Command Pilot Neil Armstrong achieved the first docking between two spacecraft, his Gemini craft and an Agena target vehicle.",
" Gemini 11 (September 1966), commanded by Conrad, achieved the first direct-ascent rendezvous with its Agena target on the first orbit, and used the Agena's rocket to achieve an apogee of .",
" On Gemini 12 (November 1966), Edwin E. \"Buzz\" Aldrin spent over five hours working comfortably during three (EVA) sessions, finally proving that humans could perform productive tasks outside their spacecraft.",
"(This proved to be the most difficult goal to achieve.",
")",
"Most of the novice pilots on the early missions would command the later missions.",
"In this way, Project Gemini built up spaceflight experience for the pool of astronauts who would be chosen to fly the Apollo lunar missions."
] |
[
5
] |
Puffy tacos, taco kits, breakfast tacos and tacodillas
|
When did the puffy taco before popular?
|
Taco
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
0
] |
[
"Since at least 1978, a variation called the \"puffy taco\" has been popular.",
"\"Henry's Puffy Tacos\", opened by Henry Lopez in San Antonio, Texas, claims to have invented the variation, in which uncooked corn tortillas (flattened balls of masa dough) are quickly fried in hot oil until they expand and become \"puffy\".",
"Fillings are similar to hard-shell versions.",
"Restaurants offering this style of taco have since appeared in other Texas cities, as well as in California, where Henry's brother, Arturo Lopez, opened \"Arturo's Puffy Taco\" in Whittier, not long after Henry's opened.",
"Henry's continues to thrive, managed by the family's second generation.",
"Kits are available at grocery and convenience stores and usually consist of taco shells (corn tortillas already fried in a U-shape), seasoning mix and taco sauce.",
"Commercial vendors for the home market also market soft taco kits with tortillas instead of taco shells.",
"The breakfast taco, found in Tex-Mex cuisine, is filled with meat, eggs, or cheese, with other ingredients.",
"The tacodilla contains melted cheese in between the two folded tortillas, thus resembling a quesadilla."
] |
[
2
] |
Genetic engineering
|
Why are genetically modified organisms used?
|
DNA
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
6
] |
[
"Uses in technology.",
"Genetic engineering.",
"Methods have been developed to purify DNA from organisms, such as phenol-chloroform extraction, and to manipulate it in the laboratory, such as restriction digests and the polymerase chain reaction.",
"Modern biology and biochemistry make intensive use of these techniques in recombinant DNA technology.",
"Recombinant DNA is a man-made DNA sequence that has been assembled from other DNA sequences.",
"They can be transformed into organisms in the form of plasmids or in the appropriate format, by using a viral vector.",
"The genetically modified organisms produced can be used to produce products such as recombinant proteins, used in medical research, or be grown in agriculture."
] |
[
1
] |
Monetarist
|
Today it is widely agreed upon that the cause of the Great Depression came from inaction on the part of which governmental body?
|
Great Depression
| false | 7HISTORICAL EVENTS
|
[
3,
4,
6
] |
[
"Monetarists, including Milton Friedman, argue that the Great Depression was mainly caused by monetary contraction, the consequence of poor policy-making by the American Federal Reserve System and continued crisis in the banking system.",
"In this view, the Federal Reserve, by not acting, allowed the money supply as measured by the M2 to shrink by one-third from 1929–1933, thereby transforming a normal recession into the Great Depression.",
"Friedman argued that the downward turn in the economy, starting with the stock market crash, would have been just another recession.",
"The Federal Reserve allowed some large public bank failures – particularly that of the New York Bank of the United States – which produced panic and widespread runs on local banks, and the Federal Reserve sat idly by while banks collapsed.",
"He claimed that, if the Fed had provided emergency lending to these key banks, or simply bought government bonds on the open market to provide liquidity and increase the quantity of money after the key banks fell, all the rest of the banks would not have fallen after the large ones did, and the money supply would not have fallen as far and as fast as it did.",
"With significantly less money to go around, businessmen could not get new loans and could not even get their old loans renewed, forcing many to stop investing.",
"This interpretation blames the Federal Reserve for inaction, especially the New York branch.",
"One reason why the Federal Reserve did not act to limit the decline of the money supply was regulation.",
"At that time, the amount of credit the Federal Reserve could issue was limited by the Federal Reserve Act, which required 40% gold backing of Federal Reserve Notes issued.",
"By the late 1920s, the Federal Reserve had almost hit the limit of allowable credit that could be backed by the gold in its possession.",
"This credit was in the form of Federal Reserve demand notes.",
"A \"promise of gold\" is not as good as \"gold in the hand\", particularly when they only had enough gold to cover 40% of the Federal Reserve Notes outstanding.",
"During the bank panics a portion of those demand notes were redeemed for Federal Reserve gold.",
"Since the Federal Reserve had hit its limit on allowable credit, any reduction in gold in its vaults had to be accompanied by a greater reduction in credit.",
"On April 5, 1933, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 6102 making the private ownership of gold certificates, coins and bullion illegal, reducing the pressure on Federal Reserve gold."
] |
[] |
Films
|
In what year was "The Crash Reel" first shown?
|
Snowboarding
| true | 4SPORT
|
[
7
] |
[
"Snowboarding films have become a main part of progression in the sport.",
"Each season, many films are released, usually in Autumn.",
"These are made by many snowboard specific video production companies as well as manufacturing companies that use these films as a form of advertisement.",
"Snowboarding videos usually contain video footage of professional riders sponsored by companies.",
"An example of commercial use of snowboarding films would be \"The White Album\", a film by snowboarding legend and filmmaker Dave Seoane about Shaun White, that includes cameos by Tony Hawk and was sponsored by PlayStation, Mountain Dew and Burton Snowboards.",
"Snowboarding films are also used as documentation of snowboarding and showcasing of current trends and styles of the sport.",
"However, sometimes the snowboarding industry is not supportive of all snowboarding-themed films.",
"In 2013, \"The Crash Reel\", a feature-length documentary by filmmaker Lucy Walker about former Shaun White rival Kevin Pearce, premiered on the film festival circuit to critical acclaim and was subsequently broadcast on HBO.",
"Using Pearce's career-ending traumatic brain injury and subsequent recovery as a backdrop, the film examines the physical dangers inherent to pro snowboarders and other extreme sports professional athletes under pressure by sponsors and the media to perform increasingly spectacular feats.",
"Although there are significant references to various brands in the film, Walker is \"adamant\" that the snowboarding industry did not sponsor the film in any way and in fact has been unsupportive, despite the film's mainstream media success."
] |
[
0
] |
Major recurring characters
|
Who is the actress that plays Doreen?
|
Rules of Engagement (TV series)
| true | 1TV
|
[
0
] |
[
" Diane Sellers as Doreen, waitress at The Island Diner.",
" Wendi McLendon-Covey as Liz, an unlikeable, annoying, unattractive neighbor and friend of Audrey's who lives directly upstairs from the Binghams; for a brief story arc in Season 6 she was married to Russell, but they later separated.",
"In Season 7, Episode 7, she admitted to Russell that she is a sex addict and that she cheated on him multiple times (with multiple partners) during their brief marriage.",
" Sara Rue as Brenda, Jeff’s lesbian softball teammate who agrees to be a surrogate mother for Audrey and Jeff.",
" Nazneen Contractor as Suneetha, Timmy’s fiancée in an arranged marriage, who becomes an object of Russell’s affections.",
" Susan Yeagley as Tracy, a man-hungry co-worker of Audrey’s.",
" Taryn Southern as Allison, the object of Timmy's affections, which blossoms into an intra-office romance, then ends when she moves away and breaks up with Timmy.",
" Geoff Pierson as Franklin Dunbar, Russell's wealthy, lecherous father.",
" Orlando Jones as Brad, Jeff's gay friend from his gym who eventually makes friends with the rest of the gang."
] |
[
3
] |
Live performances and usage in media
|
Where did Adele first perform "Set Fire to the Rain?"
|
Set Fire to the Rain
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
0
] |
[
"Adele performed the song live for the first time on 29 April on \"The Graham Norton Show\".",
"She also performed the track on 3 May at Jools Holland along with the selections \"Rolling in the Deep\", \"Don't You Remember\" and \"Take It All\".",
"Adele also added the song to the set list of her second worldwide tour.",
"FX used \"Set Fire to the Rain\" to promote the final season of \"Rescue Me\" and the show's series finale.",
"The song was also featured in promotional ads for the TV series \"Ringer\" and \"Revenge,\" which brought it airplay in the United States without her label having to release it to radio stations.",
"It was also used as an \"insert theme\" on the 2012 Fuji TV series \"Iki mo dekinai natsu.\""
] |
[
4
] |
List
|
What year was the first BBC mini-series based on Das Boot?
|
Das Boot
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
2
] |
[
" 150 minutes (1981, 1982) Theatrical",
" 209 minutes (1981) unreleased",
" 300 minutes (1984, 1988) BBC mini-series",
" 208 minutes (1997) Director's Cut",
" 293 minutes (2004) \"Das Boot: The Original Uncut Version\""
] |
[
0
] |
In Norway
|
On average, how much does the kebab in Bergen cost?
|
Kebab
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
6
] |
[
"In Norway, the kebab was introduced by Pakistani and Turkish immigrants during the 1980s.",
"The kebab has become a symbol of immigration from the Muslim world, and speaking Norwegian with an Arab accent or with a lot of words and expressions borrowed from the Pakistani, Turkish, Arabic, and Persian languages is sometimes referred to as \"Kebabnorsk\" (Kebab Norwegian).",
"The kebabs in Norway are served in a variety of ways, commonly in fast-food shops selling both hamburgers and kebabs.",
"The kebab roll has become increasingly popular, with the kebab not served in pita bread, but rather wrapped in pizza dough (making it look like a spring roll) for easy consumption.",
"The most \"Norwegian\" kebab to date is probably the whalemeat kebab sold at the Inferno Metal Festival.",
"As of 2008, the average price of the kebab in Norway lies around 65 kroner, or about €8.",
"In Bergen the average price of a kebab is around 50 kr.",
"In Bergen kebab is most commonly served in the dürüm variety, with two types of sauces, one standard and one optional hot chili variety.",
"The Norwegian Food Safety Authority in 2007 issued a warning about cheap kebabs.",
"According to \"Verdens Gang\" they estimated that more than 80% of kebab shops in Oslo use illegally produced meat.",
"It was warned that such meat could be dangerous to eat because it could contain salmonella or other bacteria, and that it could be connected to organised crime."
] |
[
5
] |
Critical response
|
Alan morrison gave Amelie what rating?
|
Amélie
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
0
] |
[
"Alan Morrison from \"Empire\" Online gave \"Amélie\" five stars and called it \"one of the year’s best, with crossover potential along the lines of \"Cyrano De Bergerac\" and \"Il Postino\".",
"Given its quirky heart, it might well surpass them all.",
"\"Paul Tatara from CNN Reviewer praised \"Amélie\"s playful nature.",
"In his review, he wrote, \"Its whimsical, free-ranging nature is often enchanting; the first hour, in particular, is brimming with amiable, sardonic laughs.",
"\"The film was attacked by critic Serge Kaganski of \"Les Inrockuptibles\" for an unrealistic and picturesque vision of a bygone French society with few ethnic minorities.",
"Jeunet dismissed the criticism by pointing out that the photo collection contains pictures of people from numerous ethnic backgrounds, and that Jamel Debbouze, who plays Lucien, is of Moroccan descent."
] |
[
0
] |
Production
|
How was the tree damanged in 2011?
|
The Shawshank Redemption
| true | 6MOVIES
|
[
15
] |
[
"Darabont secured the film adaptation rights from author Stephen King after impressing the author with his short film adaptation of \"The Woman in the Room\" in 1983.",
"Although the two had become friends and maintained a pen-pal relationship, Darabont did not work with him until four years later in 1987, when he optioned to adapt \"Shawshank\".",
"This is one of the more famous Dollar Deals made by King with aspiring filmmakers.",
"Darabont later directed \"The Green Mile\" (1999), which was based on another work about a prison by Stephen King, and then followed that up with an adaptation of King's novella \"The Mist\".",
"Rob Reiner, who had previously adapted another King novella, \"The Body\", into the film \"Stand by Me\" (1986), offered $2.5 million in an attempt to write and direct \"Shawshank\".",
"He planned to cast Tom Cruise in the part of Andy and Harrison Ford as Red.",
"Darabont seriously considered and liked Reiner's vision, but he ultimately decided it was his \"chance to do something really great\" by directing the film himself.",
"Though the film is set in Maine, the Ohio State Reformatory in Mansfield, Ohio, served as the fictional Shawshank Prison.",
"Though a large portion of the prison was torn down after filming, the main administration building and two cell blocks remained; the site would be revisited later for filming parts of the film \"Air Force One\".",
"Several of the interior shots of the specialized prison facilities, such as the admittance rooms and the warden's office, were shot in the reformatory.",
"The interior of the boarding room used by Brooks and Red was located in the administration building, though exterior shots were made elsewhere.",
"The prison site is a tourist attraction.",
"Internal scenes in the prison cellblocks were actually filmed on a soundstage built inside the nearby shuttered Westinghouse factory.",
"Downtown scenes were also filmed in Mansfield, as well as neighboring Ashland, Ohio.",
"The oak tree under which Andy buries his letter to Red is located at , near Malabar Farm State Park, in Lucas, Ohio.",
"The tree was heavily damaged by straight-line winds in a thunderstorm on July 29, 2011; officials are unsure if the tree will survive.",
"The film was dedicated to Allen Greene, an agent and a close personal friend of the film's director, Frank Darabont.",
"Greene died shortly before the film was released due to complications of HIV/AIDS."
] |
[
5
] |
Early changes and expansions
|
What 2 attracted in the Superstar Limo opened in January 2006?
|
Disney California Adventure
| true | 2TRAVEL
|
[
5
] |
[
"Two of the park's major criticisms in its first year were the lack of attractions appealing to children and the lack of a show or parade at night to keep visitors from leaving at nightfall.",
"Within the first year of operation, Disney's Electrical Parade and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It!",
"were brought to the park, and several of its original rides and attractions were closed, including Superstar Limo and \"Disney's Steps in Time\".",
"Attractions for children were immediately added including A Bug's Land, The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror, and more costumed characters around the park.",
"Monsters, Inc. Mike & Sulley to the Rescue!",
"opened in the former Superstar Limo building in January 2006."
] |
[
0
] |
Fauna
|
When was a new genus and species of centipedes known as Nannarrup hoffmani discovered in Central Park?
|
Central Park
| false | 2TRAVEL
|
[
16
] |
[
" Birds:",
"The first official list of birds observed in Central Park was drawn up by Augustus G. Paine, Jr.. Paine was an avid hobby ornithologist and, together with his friend Lewis B. Woodruff, drew up a list of birds counting 235 species.",
"This was regarded as the first official list and was published in \"Forest and Stream\" on June 10, 1886.",
"An article in \"The New Yorker\" on August 26, 1974 calls attention to this early list.",
"Over the decades the list has been updated and changed.",
"The park is frequented by various migratory species of birds during their Spring and Fall migration on the Atlantic Flyway.",
"Over a quarter of all the bird species found in the United States have been seen in Central Park.",
"One of these species is the Red-tailed hawk, which re-established a presence in the park when a male hawk known as Pale Male for his light coloration, nested on a building on Fifth Avenue, across the street from the park.",
"He became a local media celebrity and a prolific breeder.",
"Central Park was the site of the misguided unleashing of European starlings in North America, a native of Eurasia which has become an invasive species.",
"In April, 1890, eighty birds were released by Eugene Schieffelin, and the following March another eighty; these one hundred and sixty birds are the progenitors of the flocks which now span the United States and parts of Canada.",
" Mammals",
"* Raccoon (\"Procyon lotor\"): nocturnal tree dwellers that come down to ground level to feed at night, have become extremely common in Central Park in recent years, prompting the Parks Department to post rabies warnings around certain areas.",
"* Eastern gray squirrel, or grey squirrel (\"Sciurus carolinensis\"), is a tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus native to the eastern and midwestern United States.",
"* Eastern Chipmunk (\"Tamias striatus\"): although not commonly sighted, there are chipmunks in Central Park.",
"* Virginia Opossum (\"Didelphis virginiana\"): a nocturnal marsupial that rests in trees during the day and searches for food on the ground at night.",
" Arthropods: In 2002 a new genus and species of centipede (\"Nannarrup hoffmani\") was discovered in Central Park.",
"At about long, it is one of the smallest centipedes in the world."
] |
[
2
] |
Deaths
|
How did a hotel worker in Chicago die in January 1892?
|
Ice cream
| false | 9FOOD
|
[
0
] |
[
"In January 1892, a hotel worker in Chicago died after the huge amount of ice cream he ate \"froze up his stomach\".",
"In June 1898, three youths in London died after eating ice cream made with water contaminated with bacteria.",
"In May 1904, a seven-year-old boy in New York died from eating about half a litre of poisoned ice cream.",
"The seller of the treat was arrested following his death.",
"In June 1910, consumption of contaminated ice cream caused an adolescent in Detroit, Michigan, to die of food poisoning.",
"In November 1938, a 34-year-old father in New York committed suicide with his 10-year-old son by adding poison to both of their ice cream.",
"In July 1986, a 51-year-old Floridian man died after consuming a tainted ice cream bar by Kraft Foods.",
"Thereafter, production of the food item was halted and later on permanently stopped."
] |
[
5
] |
Critical reception
|
Who called the concept "very flattering"?
|
Moves like Jagger
| false | 0MUSIC
|
[
14
] |
[
"Bill Lamb from About.com gave the song a positive review, giving the single four-and-a-half out of five stars.",
"Lamb wrote that, \"The funky, whistle driven melody here is loose, light, and irresistibly funky.",
"The punchy guest vocal from fellow judge Christina Aguilera is simply icing on the cake.",
"There is a real vocal chemistry between Aguilera and Levine.\"",
"Lamb called the song an \"outstanding summer song\", writing that \"It is light, danceable, and would sound great in the car with the top down.\"",
"Robbie Daw from Idolator wrote that \"It takes a full two minutes and 15 seconds for Christina's soulful pipes to begin trilling on \"Moves like Jagger.\"",
"But once she does, she immediately steals the show.\"",
"Daw concluded by writing that \"this is the best thing from either of these two in years.",
"\"While naming the song \"a contender for 2011's song of the summer\", James Dinh from MTV Newsroom wrote that \"Adam Levine and Christina Aguilera have turned their friendly rivalry on NBC's \"The Voice\" into some studio chemistry.\"",
"Scott Schelter from Pop Crush awarded \"Moves like Jagger\" four-and-a-half out of five stars.",
"Schelter called the song \"danceable and fun\" and wrote that \"the song would've been great even without Aguilera, but her fiery cameo makes it that much better.\"",
"Robert Copsey wrote for Digital Spy: \" \"Take me by the tongue and I'll know you/ Kiss me till you're drunk and I'll show you,\" Ad insists over a funky, finger-clicking bassline and an irresistible whistle hook that immediately burrows deep into the recesses of your brain.",
"\"If I share my secret/ You're gonna have to keep it,\" Xtina says on her short, sweet and perfectly-formed cameo.",
"We've already got your number, love, but our surprise is still 100% genuine.",
"\"Jagger himself acknowledged the song in an interview, calling the concept \"very flattering.\""
] |
[
3
] |
Cryogenic
|
When is eating ice cream dangerous?
|
Ice cream
| true | 9FOOD
|
[
5
] |
[
"Using liquid nitrogen to freeze ice cream is an old idea and has been used for many years to harden ice cream.",
"The use of liquid nitrogen in the primary freezing of ice cream, that is to effect the transition from the liquid to the frozen state without the use of a conventional ice cream freezer, has only recently started to see commercialization.",
"Some commercial innovations have been documented in the National Cryogenic Society Magazine \"Cold Facts\".",
"The most noted brands are Dippin' Dots, Blue Sky Creamery, Project Creamery, and Sub Zero Cryo Creamery.",
"The preparation results in a column of white condensed water vapor cloud, reminiscent of popular depictions of witches' cauldrons.",
"The ice cream, dangerous to eat while still \"steaming\", is allowed to rest until the liquid nitrogen is completely vaporised.",
"Sometimes ice cream is frozen to the sides of the container, and must be allowed to thaw.",
"Making ice cream with liquid nitrogen has advantages over conventional freezing.",
"Due to the rapid freezing, the crystal grains are smaller, giving the ice cream a creamier texture, and allowing one to get the same texture by using less milkfat.",
"Such ice crystals will grow very quickly via the processes of recrystallization, thereby obviating the original benefits unless steps are taken to inhibit ice crystal growth.",
"For similar reasons, good results can also be achieved with the more readily available \"dry ice\" and authors such as Heston Blumenthal have published recipes to produce ice cream and sorbet using a simple blender."
] |
[
2
] |
Versions
|
when did dali paint "persistence of memory?"
|
The Persistence of Memory
| true | 3ART
|
[
0
] |
[
"Dalí returned to the theme of this painting with the variation \"The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory\" (1954), showing his earlier famous work systematically fragmenting into smaller component elements, and a series of rectangular blocks which reveal further imagery through the gaps between them, implying something beneath the surface of the original work; this work is now in the Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida, while the original \"Persistence of Memory\" remains at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.",
"Dalí also produced various lithographs and sculptures on the theme of soft watches late in his career.",
"Some of these sculptures are the \"Persistence of Memory\", the \"Nobility of Time\", the \"Profile of Time\" and the \"Three Dancing Watches\"."
] |
[
2
] |
History
|
What year was the first calculator made?
|
Computer science
| true | 8SCIENCE
|
[
2
] |
[
"The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer.",
"Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as the abacus have existed since antiquity, aiding in computations such as multiplication and division.",
"Blaise Pascal designed and constructed the first working mechanical calculator, Pascal's calculator, in 1642.",
"In 1673 Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated a digital mechanical calculator, called the 'Stepped Reckoner'.",
"He may be considered the first computer scientist and information theorist, for, among other reasons documenting the binary number system.",
"In 1820, Thomas de Colmar launched the mechanical calculator industry when he released his simplified arithmometer, which was the first calculating machine strong enough and reliable enough to be used daily in an office environment.",
"Charles Babbage started the design of the first \"automatic mechanical calculator\", his difference engine, in 1822, which eventually gave him the idea of the first \"programmable mechanical calculator\", his Analytical Engine.",
"He started developing this machine in 1834 and \"in less than two years he had sketched out many of the salient features of the modern computer.",
"A crucial step was the adoption of a punched card system derived from the Jacquard loom\" making it infinitely programmable.",
"In 1843, during the translation of a French article on the \"analytical engine\", Ada Lovelace wrote, in one of the many notes she included, an algorithm to compute the Bernoulli numbers, which is considered to be the first computer program.",
"Around 1885, Herman Hollerith invented the tabulator which used punched cards to process statistical information; eventually his company became part of IBM.",
"In 1937, one hundred years after Babbage's impossible dream, Howard Aiken convinced IBM, which was making all kinds of punched card equipment and was also in the calculator business to develop his giant programmable calculator, the ASCC/Harvard Mark I, based on Babbage's \"analytical engine\", which itself used cards and a central computing unit.",
"When the machine was finished, some hailed it as \"Babbage's dream come true\".",
"During the 1940s, as new and more powerful computing machines were developed, the term \"computer\" came to refer to the machines rather than their human predecessors.",
"As it became clear that computers could be used for more than just mathematical calculations, the field of computer science broadened to study computation in general.",
"Computer science began to be established as a distinct academic discipline in the 1950s and early 1960s.",
"The world's first computer science degree program, the Cambridge Diploma in Computer Science, began at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory in 1953.",
"The first computer science degree program in the United States was formed at Purdue University in 1962.",
"Since practical computers became available, many applications of computing have become distinct areas of study in their own right.",
"Although many initially believed it was impossible that computers themselves could actually be a scientific field of study, in the late fifties it gradually became accepted among the greater academic population.",
"It is the now well-known IBM brand that formed part of the computer science revolution during this time.",
"IBM (short for International Business Machines) released the IBM 704 and later the IBM 709 computers, which were widely used during the exploration period of such devices.",
"\"Still, working with the IBM was frustrating...if you had misplaced as much as one letter in one instruction, the program would crash, and you would have to start the whole process over again\".",
"During the late 1950s, the computer science discipline was very much in its developmental stages, and such issues were commonplace.",
"Time has seen significant improvements in the usability and effectiveness of computing technology.",
"Modern society has seen a significant shift in the users of computer technology, from usage only by experts and professionals, to a near-ubiquitous user base.",
"Initially, computers were quite costly, and some degree of human aid was needed for efficient use - in part from professional computer operators.",
"As computer adoption became more widespread and affordable, less human assistance was needed for common usage."
] |
[
0
] |
World Taekwondo Federation
|
What techniques are allowed in tae kwon do?
|
Taekwondo
| false | 4SPORT
|
[
6
] |
[
"Under World Taekwondo Federation and Olympic rules, sparring is a full-contact event and takes place between two competitors in an area measuring 8 meters square.",
"A win can occur by points, or if one competitor is unable to continue (knockout) the other competitor wins.",
"Each match consists of three semi-continuous rounds of contact, with one minute's rest between rounds.",
"There are two age categories: 14–17 years and 18 years and older.",
"Depending on the type of tournament and club, competitors may also wear fist protectors, foot protectors, instep guards, helmets, or mouth guards.",
"Points are awarded for permitted, accurate, and powerful techniques delivered to the legal scoring areas; light contact does not score any points.",
"The only techniques allowed are kicks (delivering a strike using an area of the foot below the ankle) and punches (delivering a strike using the closed fist).",
"In most competitions, points are awarded by three corner judges using electronic scoring tallies.",
"Several A-Class tournaments, however, are now experimenting with electronic scoring equipment contained within the competitors' body protectors.",
"This limits corner judges to scoring only attacks to the head.",
"Some believe that the new electronic scoring system will help to reduce controversy concerning judging decisions, but this technology is still not universally accepted.",
"Beginning in 2009, a kick or punch that makes contact with the opponent's \"hogu\" (the body guard that functions as a scoring target) scores one point.",
"If a kick to the \"hogu\" involves a technique that includes fully turning the attacking competitor's body, so that the back is fully exposed to the targeted competitor during execution of the technique (spinning kick), an additional point is awarded.",
"A kick to the head scores three points; as of October 2010 an additional point is awarded if a turning kick was used to execute this attack.",
"Punches to the head are not allowed.",
"As of March 2010, no additional points are awarded for knocking down an opponent (beyond the normal points awarded for legal strikes).",
"The referee can give penalties at any time for rule-breaking, such as hitting an area not recognized as a target, usually the legs or neck.",
"Penalties are divided into \"Kyong-go\" (warning penalty) and \"Gam-jeom\" (deduction penalty).",
"Two \"Kyong-go\" are counted as an addition of one point for the opposing contestant.",
"However, the final odd-numbered \"Kyong-go\" is not counted in the grand total.",
"At the end of three rounds, the competitor with most points wins the match.",
"In the event of a tie, a fourth \"sudden death\" overtime round, sometimes called a \"Golden Point\", is held to determine the winner after a one-minute rest period.",
"In this round, the first competitor to score a point wins the match.",
"If there is no score in the additional round, the winner is decided by superiority, as determined by the refereeing officials.",
"Until 2008, if one competitor gained a 7 point lead over the other, or if one competitor reached a total of 12 points, then that competitor was immediately declared the winner and the match ended.",
"These rules were abolished by the WTF at the start of 2009.",
"In October 2010 the WTF reintroduced a point-gap rule, stating that if a competitor has a 12-point lead at the end of the second round or achieves a 12-point lead at any point in the third round, then the match is over and that competitor is declared the winner."
] |
[
0
] |
Critical reception
|
The song "We Are Young" was rated how by Luke Lewis of "NME"?
|
We Are Young
| true | 0MUSIC
|
[
9
] |
[
"",
"\"We Are Young\" has received generally positive reviews from critics.",
"Jody Rosen of \"Rolling Stone\" called the song \"rollickingly catchy,\" writing that \"Ruess' knack for the anthemic is matched by Gen-Y humor – emo self-deprecation that leavens the bombast.\"",
"In addition, fellow \"Rolling Stone\" columnist Steve Knopper compared the song's crossover success to that of Foster the People's \"Pumped Up Kicks\" (2011), writing that the song displays a \"sprightly pop-novelty feel\" that is the best track on the album.",
"Al Shipley of \"The Village Voice\" agreed with this comparison, attributing the song's success to the changing music industry as a result of advertising and iTunes.",
"MTV News called \"We Are Young\" the band's \"breakout anthem\" and one of the year's most unlikely sensations.RJ Cubarrubia of \"Billboard\" commended the band for taking their \"warm retro sound into soaring ballad territory,\" calling the track a \"bold statement.\"",
"He did however, criticize the small inclusion of Janelle Monáe in the track: \"Monáe's guest spot is a missed opportunity, as the budding R&B star is relegated to background harmonies instead of adding something soulful and special to an already powerful hook.\"",
"Bill Lamb of About.com praised the chorus stating : \"We Are Young\" carries a hook in the chorus that is likely to stop many listeners dead in their tracks the first time they hear it.",
"The second time around this just might have become your new favorite song.",
"However Luke Lewis of \"NME\" gave a highly negative review of the song, giving a 5 out of 10 stating: \"It's not clear what compelled Janelle Monáe to work with these New York-based Panic!",
"at the Disco soundalikes.",
"They're hardly natural bedfellows, and her input is limited to a brief vocal.",
"It's a winning formula though – this stirring emo ballad went to Number One in the US.",
"This year's Owl City then, if that concept doesn't chill your blood.",
"\"The song won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the 2013 Grammy Awards, where it was also a nominee for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance."
] |
[
5
] |
Publication history
|
Why didn't Tolkien like the title "The Return of the King"
|
The Lord of the Rings
| false | 6MOVIES
|
[
8
] |
[
"A dispute with his publisher, George Allen & Unwin, led to the book being offered to Collins in 1950.",
"Tolkien intended \"The Silmarillion\" (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with \"The Lord of the Rings,\" but A&U were unwilling to do this.",
"After Milton Waldman, his contact at Collins, expressed the belief that \"The Lord of the Rings\" itself \"urgently wanted cutting\", Tolkien eventually demanded that they publish the book in 1952.",
"Collins did not; and so Tolkien wrote to Allen and Unwin, saying, \"I would gladly consider the publication of any part of the stuff.",
"\"For publication, the book was divided into three volumes: \"The Fellowship of the Ring\" (Books I, \"The Ring Sets Out\", and II, \"The Ring Goes South\"), \"The Two Towers\" (Books III, \"The Treason of Isengard\", and IV, \"The Ring Goes East\"), and \"The Return of the King\" (Books V, \"The War of the Ring\", and VI, \"The End of the Third Age\", plus six appendices).",
"This was due largely to post-war paper shortages, as well as being a way to keep down the price of the book.",
"Delays in producing appendices, maps and especially indices led to the volumes being published later than originally hoped — on 21 July 1954, on 11 November 1954 and on 20 October 1955 respectively in the United Kingdom, and slightly later in the United States.",
"\"The Return of the King\" was especially delayed.",
"Tolkien, moreover, did not especially like the title \"The Return of the King\", believing it gave away too much of the storyline.",
"He had originally suggested \"The War of the Ring\", which was dismissed by his publishers.",
"The books were published under a profit-sharing arrangement, whereby Tolkien would not receive an advance or royalties until the books had broken even, after which he would take a large share of the profits.",
"It has ultimately become the second best-selling novel ever written, with over 150 million copies sold.",
"Only \"A Tale of Two Cities\" by Charles Dickens has sold more copies worldwide (over 200 million) while the fourth best-selling novel is Tolkien's \"The Hobbit\"."
] |
[
1
] |
Sense and antisense
|
How do DNA sequences react in bacteria?
|
DNA
| false | 8SCIENCE
|
[
8
] |
[
"A DNA sequence is called \"sense\" if its sequence is the same as that of a messenger RNA copy that is translated into protein.",
"The sequence on the opposite strand is called the \"antisense\" sequence.",
"Both sense and antisense sequences can exist on different parts of the same strand of DNA (i.e.",
"both strands can contain both sense and antisense sequences).",
"In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, antisense RNA sequences are produced, but the functions of these RNAs are not entirely clear.",
"One proposal is that antisense RNAs are involved in regulating gene expression through RNA-RNA base pairing.",
"A few DNA sequences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and more in plasmids and viruses, blur the distinction between sense and antisense strands by having overlapping genes.",
"In these cases, some DNA sequences do double duty, encoding one protein when read along one strand, and a second protein when read in the opposite direction along the other strand.",
"In bacteria, this overlap may be involved in the regulation of gene transcription, while in viruses, overlapping genes increase the amount of information that can be encoded within the small viral genome."
] |
[
5
] |
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