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{"id": 631, "answer": 0, "text": "Yesterday your IT department performed a server upgrade, and my computer cannot be turned on at night. Can you restore the server to its original state?", "question": "Which of the following attribution methods is most similar to the question stem?", "options": ["President Jones raised taxes, and the number of violent crimes has risen accordingly. Therefore, taxes should not be raised.", "Rising prices are the main cause of inflation, so controlling prices will curb inflation.", "As a parent, you can't let your children lose on the starting line, so please choose Little Star Children's Intelligence Development.", "If you don't study well, you won't be admitted to university in the future, and you won't find a job. You cannot handle with it at the moment."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5003, "answer": 3, "text": "Impeachment is a procedure established by law to criminally prosecute a senior government official or judge for a particular violation of the law. The result of impeachment was the removal of the convicted person from office.", "question": "Which of the following is the impeachment?", "options": ["A member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) publicly expressed his criticism and opinions to the leadership of a bureau in the city.", "The court found a police chief guilty of taking bribes and sentenced him to five years in prison.", "After a serious safety accident in a province, a number of relevant state departments involved in the investigation. The head of the project was removed.", "A National Court has charged the incumbent chief executive with serious corruption."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8578, "answer": 2, "text": "Scientists have been arguing about who was the ancestor of birds for a long time. There are mainly three theories about the origin of birds: the origin of slotted teeth, the origin of dinosaurs and the sister group of crocodiles, among which the origin of slotted teeth and the origin of dinosaurs have been hotly debated recently. The newly discovered fossils in recent years, especially a series of fossils found in western Liaoning, China, have once again stirred up the debate about the origin of birds, proving that birds are really descendants of dinosaurs.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, best supports the above conclusion?", "options": ["In the dinosaur family, some dinosaurs had not only feathers but also wings.", "The original bird found in North America was tens of millions of years earlier than Sinosauropteryx and Archaeopteryx. If the original bird was indeed a bird, the bird appeared almost at the same time as the dinosaur.", "Using an electron microscope, scientists found a melanosome in dinosaur fossils, which is also found in bird feathers, which is a continuation of dinosaur genes.", "Some studies have suggested that Sinosauropteryx is a dinosaur with feathered theropods, which is similar to Megatosaurus, but its feathers are different from those of real birds."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12893, "answer": 0, "text": "The number of tornadoes recorded annually in North America has more than tripled since 1953. Yet meteorologists insist that the climatic factors affecting the creation of tornadoes are unchanged.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy described above?", "options": ["Many more citizens are helping authorities detect tornadoes now than in 1953.", "The number of tornadoes recorded annually has increased only slightly in the last five years.", "The factors affecting the creation of tornadoes were not well known to meteorologists before 1953.", "The amount of property damage done by tornadoes has grown substantially since 1953."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10446, "answer": 3, "text": "During World War II, the air forces of the United States and Britain bombed Germany and suffered heavy losses. Experts found that the belly of all the returning planes was covered with bullet marks, but the wings were intact. They concluded that the belly of the plane is very vulnerable to gunfire and that the protection of the belly should be improved. It was later confirmed that they were affected by survivor bias when these experts speculated, because the reality was that all the planes that were hit on the wing crashed, while most of the planes that were only hit in the belly returned.", "question": "Which of the following options does not have a similar survivor bias?", "options": ["Beauties and handsome boys have a great advantage in the competition in the workplace, and they are easy to get high-paying positions.", "It is easy to succeed when you drop out of college and start a business, such as Bill Gates.", "Smoking may be good for health and longevity. For example, Deng Xiaoping and Huang Yongyu are long smokers, but they all live a long life.", "In a random sampling survey with a large enough sample, it is found that in China, the TV program with the largest audience is News Network."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10642, "answer": 3, "text": "In its coverage of a controversy regarding a proposal to build a new freeway, a television news program showed interviews with several people who would be affected by the proposed freeway. Of the interviews shown, those conducted with people against the new freeway outnumbered those conducted with people for it two to one. The television program is ttherefore biased against the proposed freeway.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?", "options": ["In the interviews, the people against the new freeway expressed their opinions with more emotion than the people for the freeway did.", "The business interests of the television station that produced the program would be harmed by the construction of a new freeway.", "Most viewers of television news programs do not expect those programs to be completely free of bias.", "Before the program aired, over twice as many people were against building the freeway than were in favor of it."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6481, "answer": 1, "text": "The survey results released by a scientific research institution show that while the book reading rate continues to decline, the online reading rate has increased year by year, from 3.7% in 1999 to 47.8% in 2008. In the face of the irresistible information technology revolution, it is not easy for traditional libraries to maintain their position or even expand.", "question": "According to this passage, which of the following options is incorrect?", "options": ["Traditional libraries need to come in with the times to attract readers.", "People don't like reading more and more.", "The information technology revolution is changing people's reading behavior and reading style.", "The revolution of information technology has brought some pressure to the traditional library."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 739, "answer": 1, "text": "Virtual human resource management refers to a human resource management method based on cooperative relationship and making full use of modern information network technology to help enterprises obtain, develop and plan intellectual and labor capital. It can meet the requirements of the development of enterprise management virtualization, externalize a large number of human resource management activities or realize independent management by employees, Thus, enterprises can focus on the core human resource management and improve the efficiency of human resource management", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options do not belong to virtual HR management:?", "options": ["An enterprise looks for a product R & D expert through a headhunting company", "A group designs all its advertisements by the same advertising company", "Xiao Li and his colleagues were sent by the company to a vocational school for training for half a year", "A company entrusts a labor dispatch company to distribute employees' salaries"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5542, "answer": 2, "text": "Interactive inhibition is mainly to induce patients, slowly exposed to the situation leading to neuro-anxiety and fear, and through psychological relaxation, to combat this anxiety, so as to eliminate anxiety or fear.Full irrigation therapy is a rapid behavioral therapy that encourages patients to come into direct contact with situations that cause fear and anxiety, and persists until the tension sensation disappears.", "question": "Which of the following options uses full irrigation therapy for the treatment of patients with ride-hailing phobias?", "options": ["First try to let the patient look at the car pictures, then sit in the stopped car, then sit in the slow-moving car, and finally sit in the fast-moving car", "Let the patient pay attention to their own anxiety and fear thinking activities. Whenever these thoughts appear, ask the patient to order themselves stop loudly, so that these thoughts disappear", "Place the patient in the back seat of the car and drive for several hours to make the patient anxious, and the fear of fear gradually weakens until the patient is completely used to riding in the car and no longer feels fear", "Ask the patient to imagine that they are sitting in the back seat of a car, imagine a situation that produces light anxiety, and then imagine a situation that produces higher anxiety after adapting, until the patient can maintain a relaxed state in the most feared situation"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14212, "answer": 3, "text": "After being subjected to clinical tests like those used to evaluate the effectiveness of prescription drugs, a popular nonprescription herbal remedy was found to be as effective in treating painful joints as is a certain prescription drug that has been used successfully to treat this condition. The manufacturer of the herbal remedy cited the test results as proof that chemical agents are unnecessary for the successful treatment of painful joints.", "question": "The test results would provide the proof that the manufacturer claims they do if which one of the following is assumed?", "options": ["The prescription drug treats the discomfort associated with painful joints without eliminating the cause of that condition.", "People are likely to switch from using prescription drugs to using herbal remedies if the herbal remedies are found to be as effective as the prescription drugs.", "The researchers who analyzed the results of the clinical testing of the herbal remedy had also analyzed the results of the clinical testing of the prescription drug.", "The herbal remedy contains no chemical agents that are effective in treating painful joints."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2317, "answer": 3, "text": "Psychologists have long supported the theory of mathematical talent; mathematical ability is the ability that human beings have from birth, even animals have this ability. They believe that there is a natural mathematical core, through self-development, this mathematical core will eventually grow into all the mathematical abilities we are familiar with. Recently, some opponents have put forward a different point of view; mathematical ability has no talent, can only be the product of culture.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, best supports the opponent's view?", "options": ["Babies from 10 to 12 months old already know that 3 black spots are different from 4 black spots", "Mathematics is a product of the brain, and the growth pattern of the brain has long been predetermined by genes", "Human-trained animals such as gorillas, dolphins and elephants can handle math problems", "Most of the residents of primitive tribes can only express numbers below 5 or even less"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 203, "answer": 2, "text": "A school of economics introduced 30 textbooks from abroad, including 12 financial textbooks, 10 non-financial English textbooks, 7 non-financial textbooks imported from the United States, and 9 non-English textbooks imported from countries outside the United States.", "question": "Based on the above, which of the followings can be inferred?", "options": ["No more than 8 non-English financial textbooks are imported from the United States.", "At least 8 non-English financial textbooks are imported from the United States.", "No more than 8 non-English financial textbooks are imported from countries outside the United States.", "At least 8 non-English financial textbooks are imported from countries outside the United States."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9311, "answer": 2, "text": "One theater plans to present seven plays over seven weeks in the fall. They are F, G., J, K, O, R, S. There is one play a week, and each play runs exactly one week. The repertory must meet the following conditions :(1) G must be performed in the third week. (2) O and S cannot be performed continuously. (3) K must be staged before J and S. (4) F and J must be scheduled to perform in two consecutive weeks.", "question": "If R is arranged in the fifth week and O in the second week, which of the following arrangements is available?", "options": ["Two kinds", "Three kinds", "Five kinds", "Six kinds"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2588, "answer": 2, "text": "A common phenomenon is that some best-selling popular science books imported from abroad do not sell well at home. Some people explain that this has something to do with the division of liberal arts and science that we have followed for many years. The division of liberal arts and sciences has artificially caused the separation of natural sciences and humanities and social sciences, resulting in the reader market of popular science books has not really formed.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, will best strengthen the above point of view?", "options": ["Some natural scientists are not interested in popular science books either.", "It is not that there is no demand for popular science books, but that there is a shortage of effective supply.", "Due to the lack of science background, non-natural scientists stay away from science.", "Many popular science TV programs have a fixed audience and the corresponding popular science books are also very popular."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6554, "answer": 1, "text": "The scientific concept of development is a scientific theory to guide development and a powerful weapon to deal with the crisis. It is necessary to use the scientific concept of development to find countermeasures, adhere to the road of scientific development, and tide over the difficulties. It is necessary to further deepen study, deepen the understanding of the spiritual essence and practical guiding significance of the scientific concept of development, earnestly enhance the consciousness of implementing the scientific concept of development, scientifically analyze the situation, and enhance confidence in winning. We should turn the pressure brought about by the international financial crisis into a driving force for promoting scientific development, and creatively implement the central policy of maintaining growth, expanding domestic demand and adjusting structure. Make great efforts to solve the outstanding problems in economic operation and reduce the losses caused by the international financial crisis to a minimum.", "question": "Which of the following options is highlighted in this passage?", "options": ["It is necessary to further deepen the study and deepen the understanding of the spiritual essence and practical guiding significance of the scientific concept of development", "Under the guidance of the scientific concept of development, we should deal with the challenges brought by the international financial crisis through China's economy and society", "It is necessary to enhance confidence and turn the pressure brought about by the international financial crisis into a driving force for promoting the scientific concept of development", "It is necessary to creatively implement the central policy of maintaining growth, expanding domestic demand and adjusting structure from reality"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13050, "answer": 2, "text": "Economist: Countries with lower tax rates tend to have stronger economies. Although higher taxes raise more revenue, highly taxed consumers have less disposable income. An economy can never grow if consumers aren' t able to purchase goods and services. Ttherefore, the government should lower tax rates across the board.", "question": "The economist's argument depends on assuming that:", "options": ["Economic growth is more important than supporting social welfare programs.", "Lower tax rates will be much more popular with consumers.", "Consumers' disposable income is directly related to their ability to purchase goods and services.", "Increasing disposable income is the only way to ensure economic growth."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7642, "answer": 2, "text": "Convergence means that in the process of social interaction, one party can grasp the psychological state of the other party and experience the other's psychology in a place.", "question": "Which of the following is convergence?", "options": ["There's no one in the world who doesn't know you.", "I was born into this world. There must be something you can use me.", "We're both miserable people in the same miserable situation.", "Please tell them I still have a piece of ice in a white jade pot."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7538, "answer": 2, "text": "Smog has regularly blanketed large areas of China in recent years. In the haze days, the weather forecast repeatedly reminds people to strengthen prevention, try to avoid outdoor activities, even if outdoor activities also need to take necessary protective measures. However, there are always a lot of brave people who don't take such warnings seriously and do all kinds of outdoor activities on smoggy days without wearing masks at all.", "question": "Which of the following could not be the reason why these brave people do not wear masks in smoggy days?", "options": ["Now at home and abroad some of the hazards of smog propaganda is always a bit exaggerated, can not be taken too seriously", "He is in good health and can carry it, not to mention many people around do not wear masks", "Haze will not cause sudden death, but the harm to people is long-term and serious", "Wearing masks has no practical effect against smog and is both inconvenient and uncomfortable"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8252, "answer": 2, "text": "With the increase of the contribution rate of science and technology to economic and social development and the deepening of the involvement of science and technology in life, the relationship between ordinary people and science and technology has become closer. Popular science has increasingly become a common expectation of people when it comes to life. And this puts forward higher requirements for popular science innovation. Of course, the first thing to innovate in popular science is to update the ideas and contents of popular science in a timely manner, and to inform the public of the ever-changing achievements of scientific and technological development in an easy-to-understand way. At the same time, it also means the innovation of the forms and means of science popularization. Adding elements of literature and art is the proper meaning of the title_ _ The older generation of scientific workers are very good at borrowing the power of literature and art. For example, when we read Mr. Zhu Kezhen's popular science articles such as hurricane and cloud, we will be impressed by his accurate and vivid words.", "question": "Which of the followings is the most appropriate to fill in the horizontal part of the painting?", "options": ["People have higher and higher expectations for the literary and artistic nature of popular science works", "Literature and Art is an important driving Force to promote the Innovation of science popularization", "In fact, popular science itself is literary", "How to take into account the innovation of the content and form of popular science is a top priority"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 254, "answer": 0, "text": "A, B, and C sell their products. Among the three products, one is counterfeit, and the other two are genuine. A said: My product is genuine, and B's product is counterfeit; B said: My product is genuine, and C's product is counterfeit; C said: B's product is genuine, A's product is counterfeit. It is known that one of A, B, and C told all turth, one half turth, half lie, and the other told all lies", "question": "Well, who sells counterfeit goods?", "options": ["A", "B", "C", "Not sure"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3467, "answer": 0, "text": "Service-oriented public relations refers to the public relations activities in which the organization mainly provides various affordable services and obtains the understanding and praise of the public through practical actions, so as to establish a good image of the organization.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings is service-oriented public relations:", "options": ["A water heater manufacturer regularly sends the precautions for the use of water heater to users, and changes the filter screen for users free every year", "An environmental protection company announced through a TV program that it would provide 500 million yuan worth of relief materials to the disaster area at one time", "A winery advertised its new products during prime time on TV", "The chairman of a pharmaceutical company publicly apologized to consumers about the unqualified batch of drugs produced and resigned from relevant positions"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4837, "answer": 3, "text": "Data show that since the drink driving criminalization, drink driving caused by traffic accidents, has dropped by 40%. Therefore, criminal law is more effective than ideological education in shaping people's behavior.", "question": "Which of the following options, if correct, best refutes the above conclusions?", "options": ["Some of those sentenced for drink-driving still have drink-driving behaviour after their release", "Most people say they have abandoned drink-driving because they consider the serious consequences of drink-driving", "Since the drink driving was criminally punished, there has been no significant decrease in serious traffic accidents caused by drink driving", "Since the drink driving into the criminal, all sectors of the community have increased the drink driving serious consequences of publicity and education efforts"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 608, "answer": 0, "text": "After a follow-up study of 9 people wearing contact lenses and 11 people who did not wear contact lenses, the researchers found that compared with those without contact lenses, the average number of bacteria on the eyeball of people wearing contact lenses increased by an average of two times. There were also differences in the composition of eyeball surface flora between the two groups. Pseudomonas, a bacterium that causes corneal ulcer, is more common in the eyes of people with contact lenses. It can be seen that changing the flora in the eyes with contact lenses is more likely to lead to eye infection", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above argument", "options": ["Since the emergence of soft contact lenses, the prevalence of corneal ulcer has increased significantly", "In order to avoid corneal ulcer, we should pay close attention to the hygiene of eyelids and hands and check them regularly", "People with contact lenses have few complications, although the ocular flora has changed", "Sample size of this study is too small, so we should be cautious about the survey results"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13982, "answer": 3, "text": "Limited research indicates that therapeutic intervention before the onset of mental disorders can mitigate factors identified as major contributors to them. But a much more comprehensive research program is needed to verify these results and allow for the design of specific health care measures. Thus, in order to explore a potential means of cost-effectively helping people prone to mental disorders, we should increase funding for intervention research.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?", "options": ["Once a mental disorder disappears, there is a fair chance that it will recur, given that complete cures are rare.", "Most minor mental disorders are more expensive to treat than other minor health problems.", "Prevention research can be coordinated by drawing together geneticists, neurologists, and behavioral scientists.", "Reducing known risk factors for mental disorders is relatively inexpensive compared to the long-term treatment required."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7757, "answer": 1, "text": "Speech fusion refers to the gradual convergence of two accents that communicate frequently without realizing it.", "question": "Which of the following is voice fusion?", "options": ["Mr. Lou has lived overseas for many years and seldom uses Chinese, let alone home dialect. I met a fellow-townsman at a dinner party, and the phrase rotten noodles evoked a local accent that had almost been forgotten long ago, and the two chatted all night in their native dialect", "Lao Zhang and his wife have been married for more than ten years, and the eating habits of the family can no longer tell the difference between the north and the south. Even Mr. Zhang's northeast accent has almost lost its original flavor, and his wife's Cantonese has become strange. The daughter often teases them that they are the real husband and wife", "Ms. Zhu's oral Chinese class is very popular with foreign students. She not only has standard pronunciation and soft intonation, but also tells some interesting jokes in class from time to time. In less than half a year, most of the students were able to learn her tone and engage in daily conversation", "After Xiao Huang came to work in a seaside town in the south, he watched local dialect TV programs every day to imitate the pronunciation of the announcer. Six months later, her tone, tone and words sounded like a native"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14478, "answer": 0, "text": "Each species of moth has an optimal body temperature for effective flight, and when air temperatures fall much below that temperature, the moths typically have to remain inactive on vegetation for extended periods, leaving them highly vulnerable to predators. In general, larger moths can fly faster than smaller ones and hence have a better chance of evading flying predators, but they also have higher optimal body temperatures, which explains why __.", "question": "Which of the following most logically completes the passage?", "options": ["large moths are proportionally much more common in warm climates than in cool climates", "most predators of moths prey not only on several different species of moth but also on various species of other insects", "large moths typically have wings that are larger in proportion to their body size than smaller moths do", "large moths are generally able to maneuver better in flight than smaller moths"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2551, "answer": 1, "text": "Among the students admitted to the university in a certain city, the proportion of female students is higher than that of male students. According to this fact, Mr. Wang thinks that girls in this city study better than boys.", "question": "Which of the following weakens Mr. Wang's conclusion most?", "options": ["Among the students admitted to the university in No.1 Middle School, the proportion of boys is higher than that of girls.", "Among the examinees, the proportion of boys is lower than that of girls.", "Most of the girls who are admitted to the university are in the liberal arts class.", "Boys take part in more sports activities than girls."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1909, "answer": 0, "text": "If people leave culture, leave the creation and accumulation of culture, and leave the value and meaning of the cultural world, they will naturally lose the meaning of realistic cultural value, and it will be impossible to really realize human essence. On the other hand, if culture leaves people, it will become water without a source.", "question": "Which of the following options is the argument supported by this sentence?", "options": ["Culture and the realization of human essence are interdependent.", "If a person has no culture, he is not qualified to be a man.", "Culture can only reflect human activities.", "Without culture, people can realize human essence in other ways."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12472, "answer": 2, "text": "The Testament of William Thorpe was published around 1530 as an appendix to Thorpe's longer Examination. Many scholars, however, doubt the attribution of the Testament to Thorpe because, whereas the Examination is dated 1406, the Testament is dated 1460. One scholar has recently argued that the 1460 date be amended to 1409, based on the observation that when these numbers are expressed as Roman numerals, MCCCCLX and MCCCCIX, it becomes easy to see how the dates might have become confused through scribal error.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would most support the scholar's hypothesis concerning the date of the Testament?", "options": ["In the preface to the 1530 publication, the editor attributes both works to William Thorpe.", "The Testament contains few references to historical events that occurred later than 1406.", "The Testament alludes to a date, Friday, September 20, as apparently contemporaneous with the writing of the Testament, and September 20 fell on a Friday in 1409 but not in 1460.", "Few writers in fifteenth-century England marked dates in their works using only Roman numerals."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6364, "answer": 2, "text": "A clear answer to the two questions of What is a good political life? and How to achieve a good political life? is the legal basis for the existence of political philosophy. As a representative of early Western Marxism, yes in the direction of is, Gramsci's answer respected Marx's basic path, that is, only a political life that realizes the full and free liberation of people is the best political life; and in the how direction, starting from the actual situation in Western Europe, Gramsci proposed the path of cultural hegemony.", "question": "Which of the following options is the most appropriate summary of this text?", "options": ["The basic content of Gramsci's political philosophy.", "Gramsci's political philosophy is a representative of early Marxism.", "Gramsci's political philosophy inherited, enriched and developed Marxism.", "Political philosophy requires not only a good plan, but also a method of realization."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1207, "answer": 3, "text": "When eating fish, small thorns are more troublesome than big thorns, because big thorns are easy to be found, and small thorns must be removed with great efforts. In life, small faults are more difficult to correct than big faults, because big mistakes are easy to be found, and small faults must be paid special attention to before they can be found. Although fish with small thorns often have delicate and delicious meat, many people are unwilling to eat that kind of fish because they are afraid of small thorns. Although people with strange temper and informal manners often have special talents, many people are unwilling to deal with these people because they hate these small problems.", "question": "Which of the following is the purpose of the above words?", "options": ["Learn how to get along with others.", "Small problems can make people stay away.", "EQ is as important as IQ.", "Small problems can have a big impact."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4810, "answer": 1, "text": "A company limited by shares refers to a company that is composed of a certain number of shareholders or more, and all of its capital is divided into equal shares. The shareholders only bear limited liability to the company for the shares they subscribe, that is, the amount of capital contributed, and the company assumes responsibility for the company's debts with all its assets company.", "question": "Which of the following is a joint stock company?", "options": ["A grass field in front of company A and company B is left unattended, and they negotiate that each company will be responsible for one year", "Company A undergoes a reorganization, divides all its capital into 50,000 shares, which are subscribed by employees, and is renamed XX Co., Ltd.", "Restructuring from a scientific research institute under the former Ministry of Electronics to establish a state-controlled scientific research and development center", "Xiao Zhang, Xiao Wang and other people in the village plan to build a village elementary school"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11990, "answer": 1, "text": "To date, most of the proposals that have been endorsed by the Citizens League have been passed by the city council. Thus, any future proposal that is endorsed by the Citizens League will probably be passed as well.", "question": "The pattern of reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most similar to that in the argument above?", "options": ["Most of the individual trees growing on the coastal islands in this area are deciduous. Ttherefore, most of the tree species on these islands are probably deciduous varieties.", "Most of the stone artifacts that have been found at the archaeological site have been domestic tools. Thus, if the next artifact found at the site is made of stone, it will probably be a domestic tool.", "Most of the entries that were received after the deadline for last year's photography contest were rejected by the judges' committee. Thus, the people whose entries were received after the deadline last year will probably send them in well before the deadline this year.", "Most of the editors who have worked for the local newspaper have not been sympathetic to local farmers. Thus, if the newspaper hires someone who is sympathetic to local farmers, they will probably not be hired as an editor."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10402, "answer": 3, "text": "Why did ancient Greece have a city-state system, but the eastern countries have long had absolute monarchies? Aristotle believed that absolute monarchy is often seen among barbarians, and is very close to same tyrant or tyranny. Because the temperament of the barbarian peoples is inherently more national and more servile than that of the Greeks, and the barbarians of Asia are more servile than the barbarians of Europe, so they are willing to accept dictatorship and not rebel.", "question": "If any of the following statements are true, all but one of the followings can weaken Aristotle's interpretation?", "options": ["The city-state created the independence of the citizens, and the monarch created the slavery of the people", "The difference in geographical environment created the difference between city-state and absolute monarchy", "Aristotle's explanation is emotionally difficult for most Orientals to accept", "The difference between civilized and barbarian is due to differences in culture and social organization"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8667, "answer": 3, "text": "All the good critics like every poet mentioned by Green in this speech. Although Gerst is a very good poet, no good critic likes him.", "question": "If the above argument is true, which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["Gerst is not a good critic.", "Green likes Gerst.", "Green doesn't like Gerst.", "Green did not mention Gerst in this speech."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9680, "answer": 1, "text": "The rule of information influence means that people tend to have a positive psychological reaction to very familiar, vivid and distinctive information, which is not only very sensitive, but also easy to be impressed.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings does not reflect the law of information influence?", "options": ["Xiao Zheng saw a shampoo advertisement on TV. he thought the gourd-shaped product packaging was very cute, so he went to the supermarket to buy this shampoo", "Kobayashi recently worked a lot of overtime and felt uncomfortable with his neck. His colleagues recommended him a soundtrack cervical vertebra massager. He tried it out and found it worked well", "Many children like to watch a certain cartoon, and the children will be very excited when the dolls of the characters in the cartoon appear in the shopping mall", "When Xiao Li was reading a mystery novel, he found that the author's writing method was completely different from the novel he had read before, so he became more interested"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15037, "answer": 2, "text": "Many mountain climbers regard climbing Mount Everest as the ultimate achievement. But climbers should not attempt this climb since the risk of death or serious injury in an Everest expedition is very high. Moreover, the romantic notion of gaining spiritual discovery atop Everest is dispelled by climbers' reports that the only profound experiences they had at the top were of exhaustion and fear.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning above?", "options": ["Profound spiritual experiences can be achieved without undergoing the serious danger involved in mountain climbing.", "Activities that are extremely dangerous ought to be legally prohibited unless they are necessary to produce spiritual enlightenment.", "Dangerous activities that are unlikely to result in significant spiritual benefits for those undertaking them should be avoided.", "Mountain climbers and other athletes should carefully examine the underlying reasons they have for participating in their sports."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 964, "answer": 2, "text": "A teacher expressed her anxiety about the harm that video games bring to elementary and middle school students. She believes that video games are like a monster that greedily and ruthlessly depriving elementary and middle school students of their time to study and communicate with the society.", "question": "Which of the followings cannot be a reason to support the above view?", "options": ["Elementary and middle school students are listless in class because of playing video games.", "Primary and middle school students play video games and are reluctant to talk to their parents.", "Elementary and middle school students spend money of their home playing video games.", "There has been a noticeable increase in homework errors in elementary and middle school students who play video games."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9650, "answer": 1, "text": "Mention is a common rhetorical method in ancient Chinese. In order to make the sentence compact and concise, combine the content that should have been expressed in two phrases or sentences into one phrase or sentence. When merging, the same elements are put together so that there is a separate relationship between the front and back parts of a phrase or sentence.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not use the rhetorical devices of the mention?", "options": ["On Heng Mingyi: Yao and Tang are in flood and drought.", "Song of everlasting regret: the moonlight is always sad and resentful when I see the moonlight in the palace, and I hear the sad music of the rain bell in the rain at night.", "Mencius left Lou: then followed by the rules and standards, thinking that the square was straight.", "Yan's family motto style chapter: the father's suicide note, the mother's cup circle, feel the beauty of his hand and mouth, can not bear to read it."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8194, "answer": 1, "text": "The latest research shows that drinking green tea regularly is good for the cardiovascular system.The researchers followed and studied more than 100,000 participants for seven years.Participants were divided into two groups: those who drank green tea more than three times a week (those who drank green tea more than three times a week) and those who did not drink green tea (those who never drank green tea or drank green tea less than three times a week). The researchers found that those who drank green tea had a 20% lower risk of heart disease and stroke and a 22% lower risk of dying from heart disease and stroke than those who did not drink green tea.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, best supports the above conclusion?", "options": ["People who never smoked had a 14% lower risk of heart disease and stroke than those who regularly drank green tea.", "The flavonols contained in green tea have the effect of preventing blood clots and platelet clumping.", "Catechins and various vitamins in green tea can effectively delay aging and prevent cancer.", "Participants in the green tea group were generally older than those in the non-green tea group."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1408, "answer": 2, "text": "According to Chinese philosophy, saints are not people who do not care about the affairs of the world, but also internal saints and outer kings. Inner saints are said in terms of the achievements of their self-cultivation, while outer kings are said in terms of their functions in society. However, saints do not necessarily have the opportunity to become leaders of practical politics. In terms of practical politics, he probably doesn't have a chance. The so-called inner saints and outer kings only means that a man with high spiritual achievements can be king according to reason and is the most suitable king. as for whether he has a chance to be king or not, that is another matter and has nothing to do with it.", "question": "Which of the following statements is not in line with the meaning of the text?", "options": ["Although there is no chance to become the leader of practical politics, saints will still take an active part in national affairs", "Highly cultured people have no chance to become leaders of practical politics because they cannot handle world affairs perfectly", "A man of great self-cultivation must be fit to be a leader in practical politics", "Chinese philosophy discusses the inner saints and outer kings, paying more attention to the inner saints"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9860, "answer": 2, "text": "Recently, a research team surveyed 519 young people between the ages of 18 and 25 who had never smoked traditional cigarettes by means of a questionnaire. The survey included these young people's e-cigarette use and intention to smoke traditional cigarettes. Wait. Among young people who have never smoked traditional cigarettes, those who are vaping are more likely to try traditional cigarettes, and regulatory policies on e-cigarettes should pay attention to protecting young people, the study said.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above conclusion?", "options": ["20% of respondents have tried e-cigarettes or are likely to try e-cigarettes in the future", "Even just two or three puffs of e-cigarettes may increase the likelihood of smoking traditional cigarettes", "60% of respondents who are vaping say they will definitely try traditional cigarettes in the future", "E-cigarettes are less harmful to health than traditional cigarettes, but still contain many harmful substances"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14144, "answer": 3, "text": "Geneticist: Billions of dollars are spent each year on high-profile experiments that attempt to link particular human genes with particular personality traits. Though such experiments seem to promise a new understanding of human nature, they have few practical consequences. Meanwhile, more mundane and practical genetic projects -- for example, those that look for natural ways to make edible plants hardier or more nutritious -- are grossly underfunded. Thus, funding for human gene research should be reduced while funding for other genetic research should be increased.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the geneticist's reasoning?", "options": ["Experiments that help prevent malnutrition are more worthwhile than those that help prevent merely undesirable personality traits.", "Experiments that focus on the genetics of plants are more practical than those that focus on the genetics of human nature.", "Experiments that get little media attention and are not widely supported by the public are more valuable than are those that get much media coverage and have wide public support.", "Experiments that have modest but practical goals are more worthwhile than those that have impressive goals but few practical consequences."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5572, "answer": 2, "text": "Zhao Qiansun three geologists are identifying a piece of ore. Zhao said, this is not iron, nor is it signed. 'It's not iron, it's copper, ' Mr. Qian said. 'It's not copper, it's iron, ' Sun said.So that one of them was right, one was wrong, and one was only half right.", "question": "Which of the following options is correct based on the above condition?", "options": ["This ore is a silver mine", " This ore is a copper mine", "This ore is iron ore", "This ore is a lead mine"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7010, "answer": 3, "text": "Nowadays, film creations make a lot of repeated use of hot topics. There is a market for a theme, and many people flock on it, which is not a healthy film ecology. In contrast, the excavation of national culture is rare, such as the development of traditional festivals such as Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, and the use of national artistic elements such as Kunqu Opera and Huangmei Opera. Once the cultural wealth of the Chinese nation is excavated attentively, what is presented in front of the creators is a splendid treasure house of art, and domestic films will also usher in a spring of a hundred flowers blooming.", "question": "Which of the following is the most accurate summary of the main thrust of this passage?", "options": ["Domestic movies need to try their best to get rid of the unhealthy ecology", "Domestic movies will usher in a spring in which a hundred flowers blossom", "Domestic films should not fall into the misunderstanding of theme reuse", "Domestic movies should dig deep into the treasure of national culture"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7705, "answer": 0, "text": "Some purple clay pots are alive. Therefore, some living things have good or bad quality.", "question": "Which of the following judgments, if true, would best strengthen the argument?", "options": ["The quality of purple clay teapots is different from good to bad.", "Some purple clay pots are inanimate.", "There is no difference in the quality of purple clay teapots.", "Some living things are not purple clay pots."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5693, "answer": 2, "text": "Signature Effect means that when people write down their names on paper, their self-awareness in the brain will be strengthened. At this time, when they see what they like, it is easier to connect the items with themselves, and generate ideas such as this thing is really suitable for me, so as to stimulate their desire to buy", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following phenomenas can be explained by Signature Effect?", "options": ["Express companies adhere to the practice of signing before inspection", "Adopting the method of real name donation can raise more donations", "Intermediary company requires the tenant to sign the house viewing agreement before the house viewing", "Before the operation, the patient was asked to sign the informed consent form"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8743, "answer": 3, "text": "It is wrong to say that foods with high content of refined sugar will not cause acquired diabetes, because foods with high content of refined sugar will lead to obesity, so obesity is an important cause of acquired diabetes.", "question": "Which of the following options is most similar to the above argument?", "options": ["It is wrong to say that Alexander is a student of Plato. In fact, Alexander was a student of Aristotle, and Aristotle was a student of Plato", "It is right to say that excessive fertilization is the main cause of lawn diseases and pests. Because excessive fertilization will cause the crazy growth of grass, which has little resistance to diseases and pests", "It is wrong that people who often take part in strenuous exercise may cause sudden death. Because the violent cause is cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and vigorous exercise does not necessarily cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases", "It is wrong to say that inferior gasoline will not cause abnormal fuel consumption. Because inferior gasoline will cause very normal aging of engine valves, while abnormal aging of engine valves will cause abnormal fuel consumption"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2059, "answer": 0, "text": "The key is unlocked and the lock is the problem. The key that can open the lock is the useful key and the management that can solve the problem is the effective management. There are all kinds of locks and keys. Trying to open ten thousand locks with one key can only be ideal, not reality. Although the principle of the key is universal, whether it is really effective or not lies in being good at thinking. Lock has division of labor, division of labor is not separation, authorization is not loss of power. A remote control is required for authorization. Remote control should choose its important ones, grasp the leading aspects of principal contradictions and contradictions, control head, that is, control thought and behavior, and foot, that is, control resources and funds. This is the key: no matter how useful it is, no matter how complicated the operation is.", "question": "Which of the following options is the most appropriate summary of this passage?", "options": ["Management should be the key and the key should work.", "Management should be the key and the key should be simple.", "Constantly check the practical availability of the key in the process of unlocking.", "Understand the laws of things, grasp the pulse of the times and promote the development of the key."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2173, "answer": 3, "text": "Before the large-scale medical use of antibiotics, the effect of drug resistance is almost meaningless to bacteria and the harmful effect of mutation itself is more important. Normal use of antibiotics can kill almost all target bacteria and individual missed fish are usually wiped out by the body's immune system. Some of these bacteria are already in the bud of drug resistance, but these buds are not enough to resist normal doses of antibiotics and will disappear as the individual dies.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["Gene mutation is the root cause of the prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria", "Bacteria weaken the effect of antibiotics by gene mutation", "After the pathogenic bacteria develop drug resistance, antibiotics will not be able to attack the bacteria", "If there is no abuse of antibiotics, drug resistance will not spread rapidly"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4346, "answer": 1, "text": "Indirect intention refers to the mental attitude that the perpetrator knows that his actions will cause harm to society and intentionally let it go, so that such a result occurs.", "question": "Which of the followings is indirect intention?", "options": ["Li held a grudge because his neighbor Zhao often abused her, and found someone to threaten Zhao. Zhao died of a heart attack due to excessive fright.", "One day late at night, Li heard a woman calling for help outside at home, but did not go out due to psychological fear, but the police found that a woman was killed near Li's house the next day.", "Li closed the switch without knowing that Zhao was repairing the machine, causing Zhao to be electrocuted and killed.", "Li saw an old man crossing the road while driving at high speed, but he didn't slow down, smashing the old man into serious injuries."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2660, "answer": 2, "text": "According to the existing laws of physics, it is impossible for any matter to move faster than the speed of light, but a recent astronomical observation challenged this law. The IC310 galaxy, which is far away from Earth, has an active black hole, and the matter that falls into the black hole produces gamma-ray shock waves. Some astronomers have found that the gamma ray travels faster than the speed of light because it takes only 4.8 minutes to cross the boundary of the black hole, while light takes 25 minutes to cover the distance. As a result, these astronomers propose that the law of constant speed of light needs to be modified.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would most question the conclusion made by the above-mentioned astronomers?", "options": ["The law of constant speed of light has been tested many times in practice, and there are no counterexamples", "Astronomical observations may be biased. After all the IC310 galaxy is far away from earth", "Either the astronomer's observation is wrong, or someone has tampered with the astronomical observation data", "Either the law of constant speed of light is out of date, or astronomers' observations are wrong"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2319, "answer": 1, "text": "Some studies claim that cancer cells are afraid of heat, and high body temperature can fight cancer. The most cancer-prone organs in the human body, including the lungs, stomach, large intestine, and breast, are all parts of the body with lower body temperature, and high temperature organs such as the heart are not easy to get Cancer. Therefore, you can use exercise, drinking hot water, bathing and other methods to raise your body temperature to fight cancer.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best refute the above assertion?", "options": ["Affected by breathing, diet, etc., the temperature of the human mouth is generally lower than that of the rectum, and the incidence of rectal cancer worldwide is higher than that of oral cancer", "The human body temperature has a precise regulation mechanism, which basically maintains a stable state, and there is no obvious temperature difference between the various organs in the body", "Hyperthermia may help radiotherapy or some chemotherapy to play a better role, but research data to prove its reliability is still insufficient", "Malignant tumors rarely occur in the heart because the cardiomyocytes here no longer divide and proliferate, regardless of the temperature"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10848, "answer": 2, "text": "In a recent poll of chief executive officers (CEOs) of 125 large corporations, the overwhelming majority claimed that employee training and welfare is of the same high priority as customer satisfaction. So the popular belief that the top management of large corporations behaves indifferently to the needs and aspirations of employees is unfounded.", "question": "The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it", "options": ["fails to define adequately the term top management", "presumes, without giving justification, that the CEOs' priorities tend to be misplaced", "presumes, without giving justification, that the CEOs' claims are reflected in actual practice", "makes a generalization based on an unrepresentative sample"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8093, "answer": 0, "text": "Geologists in central Australia underground found two 3 km away from the surface of the diameter of more than 200 kilometers of mysterious natural landscape, the landscape of quartz sand with clusters of fine lines, in most of these fine lines are parallel to each other straight line, geologists believe that the landscape is likely to be formed a giant impact crater, And the structure of the quartz sand is evidence of the fracture.", "question": "Which of the followings is a necessary premise for the above argument?", "options": ["Only after a high-speed meteorite impact does the quartz sand in the strata show a fracture structure containing parallel lines", "Quartz sand is ubiquitous on the earth's surface and rarely changes due to its hardness, wear resistance, and chemical stability", "The size of the landscape, unlike other craters, probably did not form all at once", "The rocks surrounding the landscape were formed between 300 million and 420 million years ago, so the impact would have occurred at that time"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14949, "answer": 1, "text": "Historically, monetary systems have developed only in population centers with marketplaces. Through the fourth century B. C. , Mesopotamian cities engaged in trade, but had never had marketplaces. By that period, however, Greek cities all had marketplaces, or agorae. The Greek cities' agorae were centrally located and goods were traded there either for money or for commodities.", "question": "If all of the statements in the passage are true, then which one of the following must also be true?", "options": ["In the fourth century B. C. , the Greeks and the Mesopotamians traded with each other.", "The Mesopotamian cities of the fourth century B. C. did not have monetary systems.", "The development of monetary systems has historically led to the development of marketplaces.", "In the fourth century B. C. , Greek cities were the only population centers with monetary systems."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10857, "answer": 1, "text": "Only Canadian films are shown at the Lac Nichoutec Film Festival. This year, most of the films that won prizes at that festival also won prizes at international film festivals.", "question": "If the above statements are true, which one of the following statements must also be true?", "options": ["Most of the Canadian films produced this year were shown at the Lac Nichoutec Film Festival.", "Some of the films that won prizes at international film festivals this year were Canadian films.", "This year, at least one film that won a prize at an international film festival was not shown at the Lac Nichoutec Film Festival.", "This year, not every film that won a prize at the Lac Nichoutec Film Festival was also shown at an international film festival."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5390, "answer": 3, "text": "Group-serving bias means that people tend to give a good understanding of the behavior of their group members, and it is easier to imagine from a bad point of view when explaining the similar behavior of other group members.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings has group-serving bias:", "options": ["The victory of the host team benefited from the harmony of time, place and people. We lost away because the players were acclimatized in a foreign country", "The main reason why our players lost the game was that they were too tired in training and didn't save their strength for the game, which made the other players a big bargain", "The manager of a company believes that the main reason for the unsatisfactory performance of the company last year is that he underestimated the strength of his competitors and let them steal the vast majority of customers", "When a head teacher sees the slapstick behavior of students in his class, he will think it is just joke and mischief, and when involved in similar behavior of students in other classes, he will think it is bad quality"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9724, "answer": 3, "text": "A new study shows that China's consumption escalation is continuing. The so-called upgrading of the consumption refers to the growing demand of consumers for high-quality goods and services at higher prices that can better meet the needs of their better material and spiritual life.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options best reflects the upgrading of consumption?", "options": ["Now that the income is higher and the standard of living is higher, people are no longer satisfied with adequate food and clothing, but want to improve the level of consumption.", "A study by an institution found that Chinese households' expenditure on consumer goods is expected to increase by 5% in 2019 compared with last year.", "Chinese consumption of packaged fast consumer goods such as food, beverages, skin care products, shampoo and prescription drugs is on the rise.", "More and more Chinese people pay more to enjoy high-end goods and services that are healthy, happy, experienced and rich in meaning."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8646, "answer": 0, "text": "The newspaper group of a certain city encountered difficulties in operation and went to a consulting company for assistance. The consulting company sent Dr. Zhang to investigate the period of the publishing of the target newspaper. There is a morning paper in the morning, a daily newspaper in the morning and an evening paper in the afternoon, all of which are not prepared for night. Dr. Zhang suggested that they should set up a Metropolitan Night News to occupy this market.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can properly point out the problems in Dr. Zhang's analysis?", "options": ["The period of the publishing of the newspaper and the reading time of the reader may be different.", "The lights in bars or cinemas are too dim to read newspapers.", "Many people have the habit of reading before going to bed, but few read newspapers.", "In the evening, people are used to watching TV programs and seldom read newspapers."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9807, "answer": 3, "text": "China's special climatic environment has led to the formation of the custom of hot food in China. Hot food can not be touched directly by hand. Cutlery is needed to help you eat. During the warring States period, lacquer ware entered into the food utensils and gradually replaced the bronze ware. When using lacquer ware to carry food, if you use a knife and fork to eat, it will cause a lot of scratches and damage on the surface of the lacquer ware, affecting the beauty of the lacquer ware. Taking advantage of the good elasticity of bamboo, the ancestors of ancient China first made bamboo clips, accumulated experience in using them, and finally evolved chopsticks.", "question": "Which of the followings is not mentioned?", "options": ["Chinese chopsticks evolved from bamboo clips.", "The use of chopsticks in the ancients was related to the use of food utensils.", "The custom of eating hot food contributed to the emergence of chopsticks.", "During the warring States period, people gave up knives and forks to use bamboo chopsticks."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10657, "answer": 3, "text": "The cost of manufacturing automobiles is considerably greater in Esteria than in Burdistan. In order to stimulate Esterian consumers' purchases of domestically manufactured automobiles, the Esterian government has historically charged taxes on automobiles manufactured in Burdistan. Five years ago, however, the Esterian government dropped those taxes; in those five years, the number of workers employed in Esterian automobile factories has decreased by 30%. Ttherefore, the number of vehicles manufactured and sold in Esteria must have decreased in the last five years.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument?", "options": ["The number of automobile workers in Burdistan has not increased during the same period.", "Esterian automobile manufacturers have lowered the price of their automobiles so as to remain competitive with the manufacturers in Burdistan.", "Because vehicles manufactured in Esteria have a reputation for high quality, many Esterian consumers have continued to purchase domestically manufactured vehicles since the tax was abolished.", "Recent innovations in automated automobile-manufacturing technology have approximately halved the number of worker-hours required to produce most automobiles."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15004, "answer": 1, "text": "Most hospitals have treatment options for cancer patients. All hospitals are able to treat all kinds of burn victims as well as all kinds of Neurology disorders. Ttherefore, there must be some hospitals that treat both cancer and burn victims and some hospitals that treat both cancer and Neurology disorders.", "question": "The pattern of flawed reasoning in which of the following arguments is most parallel to that in the argument above?", "options": ["Most insects are helpful to humans. Nearly all insects have an exoskeleton and a body made up of three parts: a head, thorax, and abdomen. Ttherefore, unless there are some insects that are both helpful to humans and have an exoskeleton, there must be some insects that are both helpful to humans and are made up of three parts.", "All insects have an exoskeleton as well as a body that's composed of three parts: a head, thorax, and abdomen. Most insects are helpful to humans. Ttherefore, there must be some insects that are both helpful to humans and have an exoskeleton and some insects that are helpful to humans and have a head, thorax, and abdomen.", "Most insects are helpful to humans. Virtually every insect has an exoskeleton and is made up of three parts: a head, thorax, and abdomen. Ttherefore, if there are insects that are helpful to humans and have an exoskeleton, there must also be insects that are helpful to humans and have three parts.", "Most certainly, most insects are helpful to humans, for almost all insects have an exoskeleton or three parts (a head, thorax, and abdomen), or both, and there are some insects that are helpful to humans and have exoskeletons and some that are helpful to humans and have three parts."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3815, "answer": 2, "text": "Intellectual motivation method, also known as brainstorming method, brainstorming method. A method of collective creation that generates creative ideas in the form of group discussions.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is an intellectual motivation method?", "options": ["State Council Press Conference", "A small-scale new product presentation", "Discussion meeting of sales team about opening up new markets", "A report meeting where company managers report production and sales performance to the board of directors"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 233, "answer": 3, "text": "There are four blood types: A, B, O, and AB. People with the same blood type can transfuse each other. Only people with O type can be transfused to people of any blood type, but only O type can be accepted, and the other three cannot be accepted. Only people with blood type AB can accept blood of any type, but they can only be transfused to people with blood type AB. People of the other three blood types cannot accept blood type AB. It is known that Zhao is of blood type A. Qian can't accept Zhao's blood, nor can he transfuse to Zhao, Sun can accept Zhao's blood, but can't transfuse to Zhao, Li can't accept Zhao's blood, but can transfuse to Zhao.", "question": "According to the above conditions, what are the blood types of Qian, Sun and Li respectively?", "options": ["Qian A, Sun B, Li O", "Qian B, Sun O, Li AB", "Qian AB, Sun O, Li B", "Qian B, Sun AB, Li O"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1339, "answer": 2, "text": "Science in the 17th century was empirical science. At that time, it was generally believed that human beings could use their senses to collect as much data as possible and finally understand the whole world through these data. Based on this, scientific discoveries were accidental and widely accepted. However, with the development of science and the use of new scientific instruments. Let the amount of scientific research data increase exponentially. This situation makes the previous experience no longer applicable-humans can no longer process and master these data only by senses, and must use computers for analysis. At the same time, the way of exploring and mining data can even enable scientists to plan contingency.", "question": "Which of the following is most likely to continue in the above paragraph?", "options": ["Limitations of empirical science", "What is the contingency of scientific discover", "How scientists plan contingency", "Specific ways to explore and mine data"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14042, "answer": 3, "text": "In a certain democratic country the legislature passed a new tax law over the principled objections of the parliamentary opposition. Some opposition leaders broke the new law by refusing to pay the new tax. They defended their lawbreaking by citing the historical precedent in the country of activists' having to break laws in winning for women the right to vote.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the opposition leaders' argument in defense of their actions?", "options": ["The activists fought for equality of the sexes, a principle easier to define than the goal pursued by the opposition leaders.", "Although they had principled objections to the new law, the opposition leaders derived a personal monetary benefit from breaking the law.", "The opposition leaders, unlike the activists, fought for a return to an earlier state of affairs.", "The opposition leaders, unlike the activists, were part of the democratic process that they are defying."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14166, "answer": 1, "text": "Until recently, endosulfan was one of the most widely used pesticides. Some others -- toxaphene, dieldrin, and chlordane -- were banned or restricted in many countries in the 1980s but linger in the environment. All four have a weak effect individually in increasing estrogen levels in women. Scientists have found, however, that their potential to cause health hazards increases dramatically when the chemicals are combined. For example, a mixture of endosulfan and dieldrin had 160 to 1, 600 times more estrogen-boosting potency than either chemical did individually. Increased estrogen is associated with an increased cancer risk in women.", "question": "Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?", "options": ["Any two pesticides in combination pose greater health risks than do the same pesticides uncombined.", "If certain pesticides combine in the environment, they may constitute greatly increased human health hazards.", "Pesticides that boost estrogen levels are more dangerous than others.", "Because of its hazards when combined with other chemicals, endosulfan is more dangerous than most other pesticides."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9895, "answer": 3, "text": "There are thousands of genes in nature. Which genes are the most common and abundant? After successfully decoding a large number of genomes, a research institute found the answer: transposons, known as selfish DNA. The abundance and breadth of transposon genes indicate that they play a vital role in evolution and the maintenance of biodiversity.Biology textbooks generally believe that the enzyme that can fix carbon dioxide in photosynthesis is the most abundant enzyme on earth, and some scholars have speculated that the genes that can encode this enzyme should also be the most abundant. But the study found that transposons, known as junk DNA, instead dominate the known genetic world.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can best support the speculation of the scholar(there is a version of the findings of the study)?", "options": ["The basic function of transposons is to spread themselves everywhere.", "The same enzyme is sometimes encoded by different genes.", "Different enzymes may have the same gene to encode.", "Different enzymes require different genes to encode."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1497, "answer": 0, "text": "Blockchain technology runs in a completely P2P network. It does not belong to anyone and no one knows where it runs, so it has excellent confidentiality and security. An encrypted communication trust that does not need a centralized network is a technical weapon in the intelligent era in urgent need of cognitive restart. Some people may doubt that the significance of blockchain is exaggerated, for example, it may not be applied in the field of superstructure, However, its use in law and even culture and entertainment has been put on the agenda: for example, notaries are used to confirm and verify the signatures on legal documents such as contracts and contracts. Using blockchain technology, these documents can be digitally saved and become a part of the digital ledger. Some companies hope to apply blockchain technology to legal documents to provide time stamps and fingerprints of media documents, This eliminates the need for a notary's rubber stamp.", "question": "Which of the followings is this passage intended to explain?", "options": ["Blockchain technology has broad application prospects in the intelligent age", "The current blockchain technology is not mature", "The advantage of blockchain technology lies in its excellent confidentiality and security", "In real life, people's doubts about blockchain are unreasonable"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10009, "answer": 3, "text": "According to a psychological theory, if one wants to be happy, one must maintain a close relationship with the people around him, but the great painters in the world often spend their time alone, and they do not have close interpersonal relationships most of their time.Therefore, the above argument of this psychological theory is not valid.", "question": "Which of the following options is most likely to be assumed by the above argument?", "options": ["The purpose of this psychological theory is to reveal the relationship between inner experience and artistic achievement", "People with close relationships seldom get lonely", "Loneliness is necessary for a great painter", "An artist who has made great achievements cannot be unhappy"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14006, "answer": 0, "text": "Linguist: Only if a sentence can be diagrammed is it grammatical. Any grammatical sentence is recognized as grammatical by speakers of its language. Speaker X' s sentence can be diagrammed. So, speaker X' s sentence will be recognized as grammatical by speakers of its language.", "question": "The linguist's reasoning is flawed because it fails to consider the possibility that", "options": ["some ungrammatical sentences are diagrammable", "all grammatical sentences can be diagrammed", "some ungrammatical sentences are recognized as ungrammatical", "most people are unable to diagram sentences correctly"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14124, "answer": 0, "text": "Valitania' s long-standing practice of paying high salaries to its elected politicians has had a disastrous effect on the level of integrity among politicians in that country. This is because the prospect of earning a high salary is always attractive to anyone whose primary aim in life is to make money, so that inevitably the wrong people must have been attracted into Valitanian politics: people who are more interested in making money than in serving the needs of the nation.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?", "options": ["Most of those who are currently Valitanian politicians could have obtained better-paid work outside politics.", "Many Valitanian candidates for elected office spend some of their own money to finance their campaigns.", "Most Valitanian elective offices have four-year terms.", "No more people compete for elected office when officeholders are paid well than when they are paid poorly."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 954, "answer": 3, "text": "According to a survey by the health department of a country, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among urban residents is nearly three times that of rural residents. Some people assert that it should be due to the high-fat, high-protein, and high-calorie food intake of urban residents. Relatively speaking, few people in rural areas have the conditions for this kind of diseases of affluence.", "question": "In fact, this view is hardly rational because it ignores the fact that the current average life expectancy in cities is higher than 70 years old, while in rural areas it is less than 50 years old. Which of the followings, if true, can best strengthen the above rebuttal?", "options": ["Statistics show that patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are currently younger.", "Statistics show that patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are relatively concentrated in the middle-aged age group, that is, over 45 years old.", "Compared with rural areas, people in cities have more common sense of preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and better medical conditions.", "Roughly speaking, the longer a person's life span, the higher the probability of suffering from a certain disease during his lifetime."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6531, "answer": 2, "text": "The utilization mode of mineral resources in our country is still relatively extensive, the phenomenon of mining the rich and abandoning the poor in some places, opening more than one mine and opening small mines is more common. The total recovery rate of mineral resources in China is about 30% and 35% respectively, which is 20 percentage points lower than the advanced level of foreign countries. Among the large and medium-sized mines, almost no comprehensive utilization has been carried out, accounting for 43%. With the further increase of the development intensity of mineral resources, it will be more and more difficult to protect and restore the mine environment.", "question": "Which of the following options is the main way to emphasize the mineral resources of our country?", "options": ["Accelerate the transformation of the mode of utilization of mineral resources", "Strengthen mine protection and restoration", "Make great efforts to improve the intensity of mineral resources development", "We will strictly stop waste in mineral development"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14057, "answer": 0, "text": "James: Many people claim that the voting public is unable to evaluate complex campaign issues. The television commercials for Reade in the national campaign, however, discuss complex campaign issues, and Reade is, at present, more popular than any other candidate. Maria: Yes, Reade is the most popular. However, you are incorrect in claiming that this is because of Reade' s discussion of complex campaign issues. Reade simply strikes the voters as the most competent and trustworthy candidate.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most supports Maria's counter to James?", "options": ["Polling data show that most voters cannot identify Reade's positions on campaign issues.", "Reade's opponents charge that Reade oversimplifies complex campaign issues.", "Polling data show that some voters consider Reade competent and trustworthy.", "Polling data show that Reade's present popularity will probably diminish over time."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2740, "answer": 3, "text": "Host: some netizens call you a Sinology wizard, and some netizens call you a Sinology master. Which name do you think is more suitable for you?", "question": "Improper questions in the above questions also exist in various, except", "options": ["Do you want the low speed of socialism or the high speed of capitalism?", "Do you advocate sacrificing the environment for development, or advocate that we can neither develop nor destroy the environment?", "Do you think people are all selfish, or do you think none of people are selfish?", "Do you think the 911 terrorist attack is inevitable, or do you think it is possible to avoid it?"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1577, "answer": 0, "text": "As the companion of oil, the generation conditions of natural gas are more diversified than that of oil. Oil can be generated in large quantities only when it reaches a certain burial depth, while natural gas can be generated from shallow to deep.Shallow ones may be only a few hundred meters deep and tens of thousands of meters deep. In terms of material sources, it is said that they are mainly organic matter of animals and plants in a water, while natural gas can be organic, organic matrix, and so on.At present, the vast majority of transfers in the geological scientific community are in favor of the organic theory that oil and natural gas are transformed from various organisms that died in ancient times.", "question": "Which of the following options can not be known from this paragraph?", "options": ["Oil is buried deeper than natural gas", "Oil is mostly converted from aquatic organisms", "Oil and natural gas are transformed by various organisms", "The organic matter of zooplankton and plants in the water is also the source of natural gas"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10597, "answer": 2, "text": "Carolyn: The artist Marc Quinn has displayed, behind a glass plate, biologically replicated fragments of Sir John Sulston' s DNA, calling it a conceptual portrait of Sulston. But to be a portrait, something must bear a recognizable resemblance to its subject. Arnold: I disagree. Quinn' s conceptual portrait is a maximally realistic portrait, for it holds actual instructions according to which Sulston was created.", "question": "The dialogue provides most support for the claim that Carolyn and Arnold disagree over whether the object described by Quinn as a conceptual portrait of Sir John Sulston", "options": ["should be considered to be art", "bears a recognizable resemblance to Sulston", "is actually a portrait of Sulston", "contains instructions according to which Sulston was created"], "type": {"Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13410, "answer": 1, "text": "All bridges built from 1950 to 1960 are in serious need of rehabilitation. Some bridges constructed in this period, however, were built according to faulty engineering design. That is the bad news. The good news is that at least some bridges in serious need of rehabilitation are not suspension bridges, since no suspension bridges are among the bridges that were built according to faulty engineering design.", "question": "If the statements above are true, then, on the basis of those statements, which one of the following must also be true?", "options": ["Some bridges that were built according to faulty engineering design are not bridges other than suspension bridges.", "Some bridges that were built according to faulty engineering design are in serious need of rehabilitation.", "Some suspension bridges are in serious need of rehabilitation.", "Some bridges built from 1950 to 1960 are not in serious need of rehabilitation."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1761, "answer": 1, "text": "On the bus, a man opens his mouth wide and yawns. Several people around him also yawn. Some people don't yawn because they're not suggestible. Who are the most suggested? You can check this out with a simple test. Have a person extend their hands horizontally, palms up, and close their eyes. Tell him that he now has a hydrogen balloon tied to his left hand and is floating upwards; He had a large stone tied to his right hand and it was falling down. After three minutes, look at the gap between his hands. The greater the distance, the more suggestive.", "question": "Which of the following is the main content of the text?", "options": ["People often get lost in themselves and form a certain degree of conformity", "People are easy to be implied by information from the outside world, which leads to the deviation of self-perception", "It is tempting to believe that a general, generic description of a person's personality suits him particularly well", "In everyday life, one cannot always observe oneself as an outsider"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7439, "answer": 1, "text": "Most people resent Mandarin and speak polite mandarin, such as attach great importance to it, personally ask, research and so on.If you do not speak Mandarin or polite words, some officials feel that they have nothing to say, or have no sense of superiority.", "question": "Which of the following options is true according to the above statement?", "options": ["Some ordinary people do not resent the personal intervention of officials when they go to the government to do business", "When you hear officials say research, some ordinary people are disgusted", "As soon as we talk about attach great importance to it, some officials will enhance their sense of superiority", "When officials talk, they usually speak mandarin or polite words if they go on and on"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7522, "answer": 0, "text": "Implicit discrimination: refers to the existence of a person's mind, not openly manifest discrimination against a particular group of people.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is implicit discrimination?", "options": ["Middle-aged men wearing sunglasses in residential areas are more likely to be stopped and questioned by security guards", "A man with a full beard and strange clothes is often regarded as an artist", "A man who wears a sharp suit and shiny shoes is often considered a success", "Beggars who dress up as dropouts often get more money"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13417, "answer": 0, "text": "It is widely assumed that people need to engage in intellectual activities such as solving crossword puzzles or mathematics problems in order to maintain mental sharpness as they age. In fact, however, simply talking to other people--that is, participating in social interaction, which engages many mental and perceptual skills--suffices. Evidence to this effect comes from a study showing that the more social contact people report, the better their mental skills.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the force of the evidence cited?", "options": ["Many medical conditions and treatments that adversely affect a person's mental sharpness also tend to increase that person's social isolation.", "The study did not itself collect data but analyzed data bearing on the issue from prior studies.", "As people grow older, they are often advised to keep exercising their physical and mental capacities in order to maintain or improve them.", "The tasks evaluating mental sharpness for which data were compiled by the study were more akin to mathematics problems than to conversation."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3471, "answer": 3, "text": "Endogenous development is a kind of development that is mainly promoted and participated by the interior of the development area, makes full use of the strength and resources of the development area, respects its own value and system, and explores a development path suitable for its own development.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following situations belongs to endogenous development:", "options": ["In the construction of new countryside, local governments withdraw villages to build communities, allowing farmers to live in communities", "In order to promote farmers to become rich, the local government asked farmers to give up planting wheat and plant fruit trees in a unified way", "Farmers abandoned the mechanized farming mode and adopted the traditional manual farming method", "Farmers in mountainous areas set up rattan weaving cooperatives to bring rattan weaving products into the international market"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7849, "answer": 1, "text": "The crime of money laundering is to specify the crime of knowledge, organized crime of the nature of the underworld, the illegal income of smuggling crime and the income generated, in order to cover up, conceal its source and nature, and put it on the market by depositing in the financial structure, transferring funds, etc. Legalized behavior.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not constitute a crime of money laundering?", "options": ["A smuggled cigarettes concealed the money in the car and took it out of the country. Deposited in a foreign account in the name of a foreign country, and then returned to his country", "A took the fraudulent two million yuan out of the country, and then cashed it in for foreign currency", "A used the money from selling heroin to buy a villa, and then deposited all the money from the sale of the villa into the local bank", "A gives the money from the smuggling of watches to his wife who runs a real estate company, and his wife deposits it in the bank in the name of the company"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14808, "answer": 1, "text": "It is undeniable that regular consumption of fast food can lead to serious health problems. However, most people agree that fast food companies should not be held liable for the effects their product has on the health of consumers. Few people, however, disagree with holding tobacco companies liable for the serious health problems caused by cigarette usage. Ttherefore, fast food must not be as unhealthy as cigarettes.", "question": "Which one of the following is assumed in the passage?", "options": ["That fewer people use cigarettes than eat fast food", "That health concerns are the only reason people believe tobacco companies should be held liable", "That the long-term health impact is the same for cigarettes as fast food", "That tobacco companies tend to use the same type of marketing for their products as fast food companies"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 763, "answer": 2, "text": "Stamp effect means that when the research topic can be related to some specific things, activities and emotions, the accuracy of inference results will be greatly improved, the reasoning materials are specific, and the reasoning will be easier; Reasoning is more difficult when the material of reasoning is abstract", "question": "According to the definition of appeal, which of the followings doesn't belong to stamp effects:", "options": ["The world's first man-made aircraft was designed by studying the flight characteristics of birds", "Archimedes found that the more his body sank, the more water overflowed from the basin. He discovered the law of buoyancy", "It is found that when sunspots are active frequently, bad weather will occur on the earth, so sunspots are considered to be a precursor of extreme weather", "Galileo dropped two iron balls with different weights from the same height at the same time on the Leaning Tower of Pisa, and the two iron balls landed at the same time, which confirmed that the speed of free fall had nothing to do with mass"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3419, "answer": 3, "text": "The most popular so-called Star, Singer is actually not a real star. They do not deserve the attention and admiration of the public for their artistic achievements, cultural accomplishments and personal qualities.", "question": "Which of the following can not be inferred from the above discussion?", "options": ["Now some unqualified Star has also been the public attention and admiration.", "Real stars should have artistic accomplishments, cultural qualities and personal qualities that the so-called Starsdo not yet possess.", "A true star deserves the attention and admiration of the public.", "Nowadays, most of the Starsand Singers are not deserve the attention and admiration of the public."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2981, "answer": 0, "text": "One group of researchers reported that compared with people with a heart rate of less than 58 beats per minute, people with a heart rate of more than 78 beats per minute were 39% more likely to have a heart attack or other cardiovascular problems, and a 77% higher risk of dying from the disease. the overall mortality rate is 65% higher. The researchers point out that long-term rapid heartbeats lead to cardiovascular disease.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, would best question the researcher's point of view?", "options": ["Various cardiovascular diseases affect the blood circulation function of the body, causing the heart to beat too fast", "Among the elderly, less than 39% of people have a long-term rapid heartbeat", "In the elderly, more than 39% of people with chronic tachycardia have a rapid heartbeat", "Rabbits running in the wild have a fast heartbeat, but they are rarely found to have cardiovascular disease"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11661, "answer": 2, "text": "Scientific research that involves international collaboration has produced papers of greater influence, as measured by the number of times a paper is cited in subsequent papers, than has research without any collaboration. Papers that result from international collaboration are cited an average of seven times, whereas papers with single authors are cited only three times on average. This difference shows that research projects conducted by international research teams are of greater importance than those conducted by single researchers.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?", "options": ["International research teams tend to be more generously funded than are single researchers.", "It is possible to ascertain whether or not a paper is the product of international collaboration by determining the number of citations it has received.", "The number of citations a paper receives is a measure of the importance of the research it reports.", "The collaborative efforts of scientists who are citizens of the same country do not produce papers that are as important as papers that are produced by international collaboration."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4784, "answer": 0, "text": "Since last year, real estate prices in many major cities across the country, including Guangzhou, have increased by varying degrees, and some cities have even hit recent highs. This is also since the state introduced a series of control measures last year, and real estate prices have risen again. This also public opinion has once again launched a debate on whether the economy is overheating. In this context, some people believe that the macro-control measures introduced by the country last year have not achieved the expected results.", "question": "Which of the following can most effectively refute the above conclusion?", "options": ["If the country does not introduce a series of macro-control measures, real estate prices may rise even higher", "The impact of the macro-control measures introduced by the country last year on housing prices requires a process, and it is impossible to achieve immediate results", "Judging from the recent investigations by relevant departments on the relationship between real estate supply and demand, the number of real estate supply has declined in the first half of this year", "The state has opened up to real estate prices. Since real estate prices are mainly affected by market supply and demand, it is impossible for macro-control to introduce state-regulated prices"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14713, "answer": 1, "text": "A popular book argues that people who are successful in business have, without exception, benefited from a lot of luck on their way to success. But this is ridiculous. Anyone who has studied successful people knows that success requires a lot of hard work.", "question": "The argument commits which one of the following errors of reasoning?", "options": ["It treats an effect of something as the cause of that thing.", "It mistakes the claim that something is required for a purpose for the claim that it is sufficient for that purpose.", "It takes for granted in a premise what it is trying to prove in its conclusion.", "It accepts a view as authoritative without establishing the authority of the source of the view."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5024, "answer": 1, "text": "The scientific community recently discovered a alpha anthropomorphic virus that can live in beta amoeba. beta amoeba parasitic by the virus releases a stimulus in the mammal that causes the animal's respiratory system to react violently and in severe cases, causes breathing difficulties. Alpha anthropomorphic virus can be found in animals with symptoms of breathing difficulties.", "question": "Which of the following can be inferred?", "options": ["It is not possible to find a Y stimulus in a normally breathing mammal.", "In mammals, amoebas cause a violent reaction in the respiratory system.", "Amoebas do not produce the irritants that cause respiratory distress in mammals in the absence of the parasitoid alpha virus.", "If a mammal is infected with an alpha virus, the animal must have difficulty breathing."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7443, "answer": 3, "text": "Jonah emotion means that people are afraid to do what they can do well in the face of the success they will achieve, or even evade the realization of their potential.", "question": "Which of the following options belongs to Jonah's mood?", "options": ["Xiao Zhang was determined to be admitted to a famous university. Therefore, he made a plan and studied hard. Three years later, he finally got his wish and was admitted to his favorite university", "Xiao Wang passed all the way to the final in the table tennis competition, but he didn't play well in tactics in the final and lost the game by 3:4", "Xiao Lv is eloquent, quick to respond and has a wide range of knowledge. He has been selected into the school debate team to participate in the TV debate. As the competition period approaches, Xiao LV becomes more and more nervous and applies to withdraw from the competition before the competition", "Xiao Lu has studied a problem for many years. After writing a paper, he wanted to vote for a publication. He was afraid of being rejected, so he finally voted for that publication"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1024, "answer": 1, "text": "The extended product refers to the sum of all kinds of benefits obtained by customers when they purchase the product, including product specification, warranty, installation, maintenance, delivery, technical training, etc.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is the extended product?", "options": ["A brand clothing store to carry out promotional activities, buy the store clothing over 300 yuan can minus 100 yuan.", "A car dealer tried to attract customers by promising a three-year warranty on all cars sold in his shop. ", "An electrical appliance dealer promised customers a 10 percent discount on any electrical appliance purchased from the store.", "A game company launched a game and then released an updated version in time to satisfied user demand."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10700, "answer": 1, "text": "If the winner of a promotional contest is selected by a lottery, the lottery must be fair, giving all entrants an equal chance of winning. Since 90 percent of the winners selected by the lottery in a recent promotional contest submitted their entry forms within the first 2 days of the 30-day registration period, it is clear that this lottery did not meet the fairness requirement.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?", "options": ["The family members of the organizer of the contest were not permitted to participate in the contest.", "The contest entry forms were submitted at a consistent rate throughout the registration period .", "The rules of the contest were posted conspicuously by those who organized the contest.", "The manner in which the contest winner would be selected was publicized prior to the selection of the winner."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3784, "answer": 1, "text": "Economic legal person refers to a social organization which is composed according to legal procedures, for the purpose of production or operation, has independent ownership or management rights, and can enjoy economic rights and undertake economic obligations in its own name in accordance with the law.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is an economic legal person?", "options": ["Provincial Administration for Industry and Commerce", "An advertising company", "General manager of an enterprise", "The president of a university"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11513, "answer": 2, "text": "Shy adolescents often devote themselves totally to a hobby to help distract them from the loneliness brought on by their shyness. Sometimes they are able to become friends with others who share their hobby. But if they lose interest in that hobby, their loneliness may be exacerbated. So developing an all-consuming hobby is not a successful strategy for overcoming adolescent loneliness.", "question": "Which one of the following assumptions does the argument depend on?", "options": ["Shy adolescents devote themselves to hobbies mainly because they want to make friends.", "Shy adolescents will lose interest in their hobbies if they do not make friends through their engagement in those hobbies.", "No successful strategy for overcoming adolescent loneliness ever intensifies that loneliness.", "Some other strategy for overcoming adolescent loneliness is generally more successful than is developing an all-consuming hobby."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10896, "answer": 2, "text": "All actors are exuberant people and all exuberant people are extroverts, but nevertheless it is true that some shy people are actors.", "question": "If the statements above are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT:", "options": ["Some exuberant people who are actors are shy.", "All people who are not extroverts are not actors.", "Some shy extroverts are not actors.", "Some shy people are extroverts."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}

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