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{"id": 1032, "answer": 1, "text": "The obesity rate of children from poor families is nearly twice as high as that of children from rich families, according to statistics from a Chinese health department. According to government data released in December 2012, more than 24.3 percent of 11-year-olds from poor families were overweight, compared with 13.7 percent of children from affluent families. As a result, experts believe that the poorer the family, the more likely children are to be overweight.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, best supports the above conclusion?", "options": ["Poor families often choose to buy food from cheap supermarkets.", "Poor families eat a lot of cheap but high-calorie food.", "Children from poor families prefer different sports than those from rich families.", "Children from poor families often attend different schools from those from rich families."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12583, "answer": 3, "text": "Curator: Since ancient times, the fine arts were developed and sustained with the aid of large subsidies from the aristocracies and religious institutions that were the public sectors of their day; it is doubtful that the arts would have survived without these subsidies. Clearly, contemporary societies should fulfill their obligation as stewards of cultural heritage without the assistance of aristocracies or religious institutions, so governments must help finance the maintenance, advancement, and enrichment of the fine arts today.", "question": "The curator's argument depends on assuming which one of the following?", "options": ["In contemporary societies, aristocracies and religious institutions are not willing to help finance the fine arts.", "Maintenance, advancement, and enrichment of the fine arts in any era require governmental subsidies.", "If contemporary governments help to maintain and enrich the fine arts, private support for the arts will become unnecessary.", "Serving as stewards of cultural heritage requires that contemporary societies help to maintain the fine arts."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4124, "answer": 3, "text": "National civil servants: refer to persons who represent the country or government, are engaged in the management of public affairs, and provide public services. According to the Civil Servants Law that came into effect on January 1, 2006, civil servants in my country refer to all levels of state administrative agencies Workers other than workers.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following people who do not belong to the ranks of civil servants?", "options": ["Mayor of Beijing", "County secretary general", "Director of Henan Provincial Labor Department", "Village committee member"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2174, "answer": 2, "text": "An international paleontological research team recently reported that the True South Turtle, which lived in South Africa 280 million years ago, is the ancestor of modern turtles who survived large-scale species extinctions from Permian to Triassic. At that time, in order to avoid the harsh natural environment, they tried to dig down the hole, and in order to ensure that the digging movement of the forelimbs was strong enough, the body needed a stable support, which led to the widening of the ribs. It can be seen that turtles have shells to adapt to the environment, but not for protection, but to dig holes in the ground.", "question": "Which of the following options can be added as a prerequisite?", "options": ["Modern turtles inherit some of the habits of Zhengnan turtles who are good at digging holes", "Only by digging holes can we survive large-scale extinction events", "The tortoise shell evolved from the gradual widening of the turtle's ribs", "The front legs of True South Turtles are strong enough that they do not need shell protection"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8762, "answer": 3, "text": "There are three types of robots A, B and C in a laboratory. Type A can recognize color, type B can recognize shape, and type C can neither recognize color nor shape. The laboratory experimented with red ball, blue ball, red square and blue square on robots 1 and 2 and ordered them to pick up the red ball, but 1 picked up the red square and 2 picked up the blue ball.", "question": "Which of the following options is correct according to the above experiment?", "options": ["Both 1 and 2 are type C", "One and only one of 1 and 2 is type C", "1 is type A and 2 is type B", "1 is not type B and 2 is not type A"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8636, "answer": 2, "text": "Infectious disease outbreaks among wild animals due to virus invasion. A new study found that animals living in tropical, subtropical or low-altitude areas are at constant risk of infectious diseases due to their hot living environment. Animals living at low temperatures, such as high latitudes and altitudes, used to be protected from viruses because of long winters, but now winters are getting warmer and shorter. As a result, rising temperatures will exacerbate outbreaks of infectious diseases in wildlife.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above statement?", "options": ["No matter how the climate changes, animals living in hot places are always at risk of infectious diseases", "Animal species adapted to cold and high-altitude habitats are at increased risk of outbreaks of infectious diseases", "There is a positive correlation between the temperature and the risk of infectious diseases of wild animals, that is, the higher the temperature, the higher the risk of infectious diseases", "Cold climates may protect wild animals from viruses, while hot climates are more likely to cause wild animals to become infected with viruses"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7062, "answer": 3, "text": "WiFi relies on invisible radio wave transmission, equipment power is increasing, and local electromagnetic radiation is bound to increase; The wireless signal passes through the wall and the network information is unsafe. These security risks are swept away in lifi. The spectrum is 10000 times larger than the radio spectrum, which means greater bandwidth and higher speed. The network setting hardly needs any new infrastructure. Lifi technology itself has its limitations. If the light is blocked, The network signal will be cut off. At present, a series of key technical products are hands-on by researchers. There is no commercial chipset. There is still a long way to go to thousands of households like WiFi", "question": "Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the original text:", "options": ["Lifi technology is dedicated to transmitting signals with light", "WiFi technology has hidden dangers in information security", "WiFi has been widely used on a large scale", "Lifi completes network setup without any infrastructure"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9932, "answer": 3, "text": "People often use microwave ovens to heat food. Some people think that heating in a microwave oven changes the molecular structure of food and produces molecules that the human body cannot recognize. These strange formulas are unacceptable to the human body, and some are toxic and may even cause cancer. Therefore, people or animals who often eat microwave food will have serious physiological changes in their bodies, resulting in serious health problems.", "question": "Which of the following best questions the above point of view?", "options": ["Heating in a microwave oven will not lead to more loss of nutrients than other cooking methods.", "The standard of the production of microwave ovens in China is consistent with international standards and EU standards.", "It is also common for developed countries to use microwave ovens.", "Microwave only heats the water molecules in food, and there is no chemical change in food."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1426, "answer": 3, "text": "Market economy is essentially an economy ruled by law. Market and rule of law are two sides of the same coin. Different from the era of planned economy, the allocation of resources in the market economy is realized through the competition mechanism, so we must follow a set of perfect rules to adjust the economy through the invisible hand of the market.", "question": "Which of the following is the main content of this text?", "options": ["The difference between market economy and planned economy lies in the rule of law", "The development of market economy is inseparable from the rule of law and the market", "Market competition can realize the rational allocation of resources", "The rule of law is the basic guarantee for the benign development of market economy"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12639, "answer": 3, "text": "Reconstructing ships so that they have a double hull can protect them from serious damage in the roughly 20 percent of shipping accidents that unavoidably result from severe weather conditions. Avoidable human error, however, causes about 80 percent of shipping accidents. It would ttherefore be far more cost-effective to reduce damage to ships by retraining sailors than by reconstructing ships.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?", "options": ["Reconstructing ships would provide protection from damage in accidents caused by human error.", "One should always try to reduce the severity of the damage caused by each individual accident rather than try to minimize the number of accidents.", "The least expensive course of action in the long term is the one that minimizes the total cost of damage from accidents.", "Damage from accidents can be reduced more cost-effectively by reducing the likelihood of accidents than by mitigating their effects."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10474, "answer": 3, "text": "Pascal, a modern French thinker, once argued that either there was a Christian God or there was no Christian God. If you believe that God exists and live in a Christian way, then if God does exist, you will have endless blessings: if God does not exist, you will have very little to lose. But suppose you don't believe that God exists and don't live in a Christian way. If God doesn't exist, you have nothing to lose: if God does exist, you will be punished endlessly. So don't hesitate, choose to believe in God and live in a Christian way.", "question": "Which of the following options best illustrates the loophole in the logic of this argument?", "options": ["This argument mistakenly presupposes that one can choose whether to believe or not to believe in God at will.", "Pascal changed the quality of faith and turned it into a matter of calculation of the self-interest.", "If God does not exist, we choose to believe in God, which will lead to our wrong understanding of the world and muddle through our lives.", "There are many religions in this world, each of which has powerful gods (gods) and they all impose unlimited punishments on those who do not believe in themselves."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6520, "answer": 1, "text": "The content of Chinese traditional culture embodies the universal values of all mankind and it is full of modern meaning. These contents are not only national, but also belong to all mankind: both traditional and modern. When we spread these contents to the outside world in a form that is easy for the international community to understand, it is relatively easy to be recognized, which will help to enhance the international influence and affinity of Chinese culture and enhance China's soft power in the international community. At the same time, it also helps to shape the image of our country as civilized, friendly, open and inclusive all over the world.", "question": "Which of the following options is the main content of this paragraph?", "options": ["The international influence of Chinese culture.", "The ways to improve the soft power of our country.", "The modern value of chinese traditional culture.", "The significance of carrying forward chinese traditional culture."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7114, "answer": 3, "text": "Humans have been battling disease since the dawn of time, and the most frightening of all diseases is the widespread infectious disease. In just a few short years, the threat of a major epidemic has become abundantly clear. In particular, the H 1 N 1 pandemic has been surprisingly rapid and widespread. This aroused people's vigilance, therefore, the human fight against infectious diseases has no end period.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, is the least likely to support the above conclusion?", "options": ["Most Emerging Infectious Diseases are caused by viral infections and antibiotics are largely ineffective against new infections.", "The virus is becoming more and more insidious.", "The virus mutates to survive.", "Man can conquer nature. Many catastrophic diseases in history have been defeated by man in the end."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4506, "answer": 1, "text": "There are two main sources for formula milk to be contaminated by Enterobacter sakazakii:one is that the milk powder contains a small amount of Enterobacter sakazakii; the other is to enter the formula through the surrounding environment and bacteria-contaminated equipment or hands.Therefore, the World Health Organization recommends that no less than 70 degrees Celsius of water to prepare infant formula.", "question": "If the following statement is true, which of the following is a prerequisite for the above conclusion?", "options": ["The main cause of infantile diarrhea is Enterobacter sakazakii.", "Water above 70 degrees Celsius can kill Enterobacter sakazakii.", "Water below 70 degrees will not affect the nutrition of the milk powder.", "Most bacteria can not survive in boiling water."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4955, "answer": 2, "text": "Origin thinking refers to setting people or things to an origin, often returning to the origin for thinking, performing state comparison, correcting deviations, and constantly moving toward the goal.", "question": "Which of the following belong to origin thinking?", "options": ["How to see the outstanding qualities of a person-focus on assessing childhood performance", "Who is the Sinner in Chinese history-Qin Hui in Song Dynasty", "Who can untie the golden bell on the tiger's neck-the person who needs to tie the bell to untie the bell", "How to deal with the relationship between people-frequent communication"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8966, "answer": 2, "text": "There are seven candidates hired by Haier: F, G, H, I, W, X and Y, of which one needs to be assigned to the public relations department, three to the production department and three to the sales department. The personnel allocation of these seven employees must meet the following conditions: (1) H and Y must be assigned to the same department. (2) F and G cannot be assigned to the same department. (3) if X is assigned to the sales department, W is assigned to the production department. (4) F must be assigned to the production department.", "question": "Which of the followings is a complete and accurate list that cannot be assigned to the production department?", "options": ["F, I, X", "G, H, Y", "I, W", "G"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14393, "answer": 2, "text": "Scientists have created double-blind studies so that neither the subjects of the experiment nor scientists know whether the subject is receiving an actual drug or a placebo, which is nothing more than a sugar pill. Essentially, if one knows whether one is receiving actual medicine or a placebo, such knowledge can affect the outcome of a study. A recent double-blind study on the effectiveness of the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Freloxamine on depression found that those subjects administered the drug were 15% more likely to have a decrease in symptoms than the control group, which was comprised of those who received a placebo. Since neither group knew which they were receiving, the placebo or the SSRI, the observed drop in depression can only be attributed to Freloxamine.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, best calls into question the conclusion of the argument?", "options": ["Neither the subjects nor the doctors in either group (the control group or the Freloxamine group) knew which drug they were receiving.", "At dosages two-fold of those employed in the trial, Freloxamine has been shown to cause brief episodes of psychosis.", "Since subjects in both groups were debriefed on the potential side effects of SSRI, which can often be pronounced, many in the Freloxamine group, upon exhibiting side effects, concluded that they were being administered the SSRI.", "Freloxamine does not exhibit a uniform effect in all subjects, with many reporting little improvement in symptoms of depression, even after several months of taking the drug."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10155, "answer": 0, "text": "If I argue with you, can we tell the truth from the false? You and I don't know, and all the others are prejudiced, who shall we ask to judge? Ask people who share your opinion to judge. Since he has the same opinion as you, how can you judge? Please judge with people who have the same views as me. Since he has the same views as me, how can he judge? Please judge people who have different views from you and me. Since they have different views from you and me, how can they judge? So, no winning or losing.", "question": "Which of the following most accurately describes the flaw in the above argument?", "options": ["The above argument grossly ignores that there are standards of implementation and logic beyond debaters and commentators.", "The above argument has the logical error of confused concepts.", "The reasons in the above argument are untrue and inconsistent with each other.", "The above argument suffers from the logical error of the text is not on the topic."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8975, "answer": 0, "text": "Critics: officials prohibit setting off firecrackers in cities on the grounds that firecrackers hurt people and cause fires, rather than trying to find ways to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, which implies conscious or unconscious cultural discrimination. Smoking causes illness or fire every year, which is much more common than that caused by fireworks. Why can't we help it?. Banning fireworks not only implies cultural discrimination, but also removes the last festive atmosphere of the Spring Festival.", "question": "Which of the following statements is the hypothesis on which the critic's conclusion depends?", "options": ["Customs that set off the festive atmosphere, such as posting Spring Festival couplets, offering sacrifices to ancestors and welcoming the God of Wealth have disappeared during the Spring Festival in the city", "Traditional festivals such as eating dumplings and giving lucky money still flourish during the Spring Festival in the city", "Pure rational people such as the The Republic and The Matrix do not need to have romantic festivals", "Traditional Chinese festivals such as Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and double Ninth Festival are not official festivals"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2785, "answer": 3, "text": "Research shows that 90% of people with severe insomnia like to drink strong tea. Lao Zhang likes drinking strong tea, so he is likely to have serious insomnia.", "question": "Which of the followings best points out the loopholes in the above argument?", "options": ["It ignores the possibility that Lao Zhang belongs to 10% of those who don't have serious insomnia.", "It ignores other causes of severe insomnia.", "It ignores that drinking strong tea may also cause other adverse consequences.", "The argument it relies on does not involve the proportion of people who have severe insomnia among those who love strong tea."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5758, "answer": 3, "text": "Natural interpretation of the law means that although the law does not clearly stipulate a certain matter, according to the purpose of the regulation, the matter should be interpreted as applying this legal provision. The method of interpretation includes that for a certain act that should be allowed, giving a more serious and permissible provision to show that it should be allowed and for a certain act that should be prohibited, citing a lighter than its prohibited provisions to show that it should be prohibited.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is correct?", "options": ["According to the law, it is forbidden to pick leaves in the park. According to the second method, the behavior of climbing and breaking branches in the park should be prohibited.", "The Tang law stipulates that the master is not guilty of killing people who enters the house at night without a reason. According to the second method, the master is not guilty of hurting him.", "The law prohibits the carrying of small animals. According to the first method, the behavior of carrying large animals should be prohibited.", "The law stipulates that minors under the age of 16 shall not bear criminal responsibility. According to the first method, minors under the age of 15 shall not bear criminal responsibility."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6367, "answer": 1, "text": "Shake and shake to make friends, Shake and shake to find a restaurant, and Shake and shake to karaoke have become the new lifestyles of people in the era of smartphones. However, the locations that are shaken during the process of shake and shake are often different from reality. The difference is a lot, ranging from tens of meters to hundreds of meters. This often brings users finding trouble in large cities with densely distributed buildings. With the development of Internet technology, cloud computing may be able to help this problem and provide a solution. Experts believe that cloud computing can provide positioning accuracy services. The location service that it combines with positioning navigation can make the positioning accuracy reach 1 meter. As the main theme of the information industry, cloud computing brings people's lives unexpected changes have come, and it has served various groups more and more deeply, and even changed the consumption patterns of the entire society.", "question": "Which of the following options is the main point of this text?", "options": ["The era of smartphones brings new confusion.", "Cloud computing makes precise positioning possible.", "The information industry guides lifestyle changes.", "Location services affect social consumption patterns."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10728, "answer": 2, "text": "People aged 46 to 55 spend more money per capita than people of any other age group. So it is puzzling that when companies advertise consumer products on television, they focus almost exclusively on people aged 25 and under. Indeed, those who make decisions about television advertising think that the value of a television advertising slot depends entirely on the number of people aged 25 and under who can be expected to be watching at that time.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the puzzling facts stated above?", "options": ["When television executives decide which shows to renew, they do so primarily in terms of the shows' ratings among people aged 25 and under.", "The expense of television advertising slots makes it crucial for companies to target people who are most likely to purchase their products.", "Those who make decisions about television advertising believe that people older than 25 almost never change their buying habits.", "When companies advertise consumer products in print media, they focus primarily on people aged 26 and over."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4471, "answer": 0, "text": "Leisure sports refers to various forms of sports activities that people voluntarily choose and engage in under the relatively free social living environment and conditions. It is not only a social phenomenon of sports, but also an existing form of sports. It is one of the main ways of social leisure activities.", "question": "According to the above definition, the following belong to leisure sports?", "options": ["Marathon runner Xiao Li plays with his friends during the holidays", "As a private bodyguard, Xiao Wang receives four hours of catching and fighting training every day", "All the students of a high school finish half an hour of long-distance running every afternoon according to the requirements of the school", "Mr. Zhao, who has been injured in his leg and is recovering, is guided by a nurse to take a 15 minute walk outdoors every day at the request of the doctor"], "type": {"Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14308, "answer": 2, "text": "Editorial: The most vocal proponents of the proposed law are not permanent residents of this island but rather a few of the wealthiest summer residents, who leave when the vacation months have passed. These people will benefit from passage of this law while not having to deal with the problems associated with its adoption. Ttherefore, anyone who supports the proposed law is serving only the interests of a few outsiders at the cost of creating problems for the island' s permanent residents.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?", "options": ["Most of the island's summer residents would benefit from passage of this law.", "The average income of the island's summer residents is greater than the average income of its permanent residents.", "The problems associated with this law outweigh any benefits it might provide the island's permanent residents.", "Most of the island's summer residents support passage of this law."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12993, "answer": 3, "text": "Voters commonly condemn politicians for being insincere, but politicians often must disguise their true feelings when they make public statements. If they expressed their honest views-about, say, their party's policies-then achieving politically necessary compromises would be much more difficult. Clearly, the very insincerity that people decry shows that our government is functioning well.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines this reasoning?", "options": ["A political party's policies could turn out to be detrimental to the functioning of a government.", "Some political compromises are not in the best long-term interest of the government.", "Some of the public statements made by politicians about their party's policies could in fact be sincere.", "Achieving political compromises is not all that is necessary for the proper functioning of a government."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12209, "answer": 2, "text": "Dr. Jones: The new technology dubbed telemedicine will provide sustained improvement in at least rural patient care since it allows rural physicians to televise medical examinations to specialists who live at great distances -- specialists who will thus be able to provide advice the rural patient would otherwise not receive. Dr. Carabella: Not so. Telemedicine might help rural patient care initially. However, small hospitals will soon realize that they can minimize expenses by replacing physicians with technicians who can use telemedicine to transmit examinations to large medical centers, resulting in fewer patients being able to receive traditional, direct medical examination. Eventually, it will be the rare individual who ever gets truly personal attention. Hence, rural as well as urban patient care will suffer.", "question": "Dr. Carabella uses which one of the following strategies in responding to Dr. Jones?", "options": ["citing evidence that Dr. Jones lacks the professional training to judge the case at issue", "listing a set of considerations to show that a prescribed treatment that seems to be benefiting a patient in fact harms that patient", "describing the application of the technology discussed by Dr. Jones as one step that initiates a process that leads to an undesirable end", "providing grounds for dismissing Dr. Jones's interpretation of a key term in medical technology"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8534, "answer": 3, "text": "Attention can be divided into two types: seemingly attentive and seemingly inattentive. Attention seems to mean paying attention to something on the surface, but actually thinking about something else in mind. Inattention seems to mean that you don't seem to pay attention to something but actually pay great attention to it in your heart.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings does not seem to pay attention to?", "options": ["People who come to the seaside for the first time are often attracted by the magnificent scenery unconsciously", "The students were in the classroom when suddenly a man came in from outside, and the students couldn't help looking at him", "Near lunchtime, the meeting is not over yet. Although many attendees appear to be listening carefully to the content of the meeting, they are thinking about what to eat for lunch", "The scout found the suspect in the crowd, pretended not to see it, and then crept up and caught him unexpectedly"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3859, "answer": 3, "text": "According to a recent study by the climate center of the Sichuan Meteorological Bureau, these areas will become less and less suitable for the giant panda's survival and reproduction in the next 10 to 30 years, according to the current general trend of climate change in the Giant Panda's habitat, in the northwest, the Qionglai City Mountains will become more suitable for the giant panda because of the increase in temperature and precipitation, and will become a climate-friendly habitat for the giant panda. The sub-suitable area will shift from southeast to northwest, therefore, giant pandas will migrate to the northwest in the future.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, best supports the above view?", "options": ["Giant pandas like a humid climate", "The warm and dry climate is not conducive to bamboo growth", "The climate in the northwest is getting wetter and wetter", "Giant pandas have the ability to migrate"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5962, "answer": 2, "text": "Career burnout refers to the feeling that people feel that their physical and mental energy is exhausted by work under the pressure of their long-term work.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is a state of career burnout?", "options": ["Lao Zhou is not up to the job he has, and he is very busy every day", "Xiao Li, who just started working, felt that the job was too tired, and had the idea of quitting", "Manager Liu is busy at work every day, lacks adequate rest, and his mood is getting worse and worse", "After engaging in many different professions, Mr wang feels that all the jobs are dull"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10938, "answer": 2, "text": "In the past decade, a decreasing percentage of money spent on treating disease X went to pay for standard methods of treatment, which are known to be effective though they are expensive and painful. An increasing percentage is being spent on nonstandard treatments, which cause little discomfort. Unfortunately, the nonstandard treatments have proved to be ineffective. Obviously, less money is being spent now on effective treatments of disease X than was spent ten years ago.", "question": "Which one of the following, if assumed, allows the conclusion above to be properly drawn?", "options": ["Varieties of disease X requiring expensive special treatment have become less common during the past decade.", "Of total medical expenditures, the percentage that is due to treatment of disease X increased during the past decade.", "The total amount of money spent on treating disease X slowly declined during the past decade.", "Most of the money spent on treating disease X during the last decade went to pay for nonstandard treatments."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13980, "answer": 2, "text": "Mall manager: By congregating in large groups near the stores in our mall, teenagers create an atmosphere in which many adult shoppers feel uncomfortable. As a result, the adults have begun to spend less time shopping than they have in the past. The mall' s goal in this situation is to prevent a significant loss in overall sales, so merchants should do their utmost to discourage teenagers from congregating near stores. Merchant: But the amount spent by teenagers who congregate near mall stores constitutes a significant percentage of the total amount spent in those stores.", "question": "The merchant's response to the manager's argument is most accurately described as", "options": ["contending that the manager's recommendation is sound but for reasons other than those given by the manager", "suggesting that the mall's goal is an undesirable one", "giving information that pertains to the relation between the manager's recommendation and the mall's goal", "using the information cited by the manager to make an additional recommendation that would help achieve the goal"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4762, "answer": 3, "text": "If Brazil protests to the United Nations or Chile calls for a plenary meeting of Latin American countries, Argentina will mobilize troops.", "question": "Accordingly, it cannot be introduced:", "options": ["If Argentina did not mobilize troops, Brazil will not protest to the United Nations", "If Argentina did not mobilize the army, Chile will not call for a plenary meeting of Latin American countries", "If Brazil protests to the United Nations, then Argentina will mobilize troops", "If Brazil does not protest to the United Nations, then Argentina will not mobilize troops"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5982, "answer": 3, "text": "Biometrics refers to the way people use computers and optics, acoustics, high-tech tools such as biosensors and biostatistics combine and use the body's inherent physiological features (such as veins, faces, irises, fingerprints, etc.) and behavioral features (such as handwriting, voice, gait, etc.) to determine the identity of the individual.", "question": "Based on the above definition, which of the following options is most likely to use biometrics?", "options": ["After listening to the suspect's digital phone recordings, the victim identified him as the attacker at the time.", "After a delivery receipt was found at the crime scene, the police identified several suspects by searching online delivery ordering system information.", "A secret-related places set up strict access control. People can enter only after the password is correctly entered and the name of the staff member with access rights is handwritten on the resistance screen.", "In order to assess the attendance of employees, a company introduced a fingerprint punch card. Employees are required to enter their fingerprints to report for duty."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9428, "answer": 1, "text": "After quoting an article in a magazine called New Scientist, Cleary said that the role of memory is not necessarily to remember the past, but to help us move into the future. Memory sometimes uses imagination and creation to let us know what to do next. Or how to react in some cases. Some people think that they have the ability to foresee the future, but in fact, this may be a fragmented memory of the past. If the feeling of deja vu comes from an unremembered memory, it is easy to create the illusion that what happens next also comes from this memory and that you have psychic abilities.", "question": "Which of the following options does not agree with this passage?", "options": ["Deja vu is not psychic abilities.", "Deja vu can help us see the future.", "Deja vu is an incomplete memory of the past.", "People's memories are not necessary memories of the past."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8823, "answer": 0, "text": "Essayist: Wisdom and intelligence are desirable qualities. However, being wise does not mean that he is wise, and being wise does not mean that he is wise. Some of the people I've met are intelligent and some are wise, but no one has both qualities at the same time.", "question": "Which of the followings cannot be true if the essayist's statement is valid?", "options": ["No one is intelligent but not wise, and no one is wise but not intelligent.", "Most people are both intelligent and wise.", "No one is both intelligent and wise.", "Most people are neither intelligent nor wise."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2870, "answer": 1, "text": "Yijiangnan Garden plans to build 5 gardens of pine, bamboo, plum, orchid and chrysanthemum. The garden is planned to have 3 gates in the east, south, and north, respectively located in 3 gardens. The layout of these five gardens meets the following conditions: (1) If the east gate is located in pine garden, or chrysanthemum garden, then the south gate is not located in bamboo garden; (2) If the south gate is not located in bamboo garden, then the north gate is not located in orchid garden; (3) If the chrysanthemum garden is in the center of the garden, then it is not adjacent to the orchid garden; (4) the orchid garden is adjacent to the chrysanthemum garden, with a beautiful bridge in the middle.", "question": "Based on the above information, which of the following can be derived?", "options": ["Orchid Garden is not in the center of the garden", "The chrysanthemum garden is not in the center of the garden", "Orchid Garden in the center of the garden", "The chrysanthemum garden is in the center of the garden"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1733, "answer": 0, "text": "Qin Mu Gong asked Bole to recommend his successor. Bole said Jiufanggao could afford the post. Under the orders of Lord Mu, Jiufanggao went out to look for horses and returned three months later to say that the horses had been found. Mu Gong asked: where is the horse? Jiufanggao replied: yellow male horse. Mu Gong sent someone to pick up the horse, and the horse taker reported that it was a black mare. Mu Gong is not happy, responsibility Bole: the person you recommend can't even distinguish between the yellow and black male and female of a horse, how can you tell whether it is good or bad?As Jiufanggao observed, the mystery between heaven and earth: he got its subtlety, gave up its roughness, examined its interior and forgot its appearance, saw what he should have seen, but did not see what he did not have to see, inspected the places he should have explored, and abandoned the places he did not have to explore. People like Jiufanggao who are good at identifying Chollima are indeed more valuable than Chollima. When the horse arrives, it is really a good horse in the world.", "question": "Which of the following supports the main point above?", "options": ["Chollima cannot be distinguished by the color and gender of the horse", "The color and gender of the horse are the keys to identification", "The essence of things is determined by their internal factors", "Seeing what you see, not seeing what you don't see is the key to understanding things correctly"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12671, "answer": 0, "text": "Advertisement: Most power hedge trimmers on the market do an adequate job of trimming hedges, but many power hedge trimmers are dangerous to operate and can cause serious injury when used by untrained operators. Bolter Industries' hedge trimmer has been tested by National Laboratories, the most trusted name in safety testing. So you know, if you buy a Bolter' s, you are buying a power hedge trimmer whose safety is assured.", "question": "The answer to which one of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating the truth of the conclusion drawn in the advertisement?", "options": ["What were the results of National Laboratories' tests of Bolter Industries' hedge trimmer?", "Has National Laboratories performed safety tests on other machines made by Bolter Industries?", "Does any other power hedge trimmer on the market do a better job of trimming hedges than does Bolter Industries' hedge trimmer?", "How important to the average buyer of a power hedge trimmer is safety of operation?"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10114, "answer": 2, "text": "Six scholars, F, G, J, L, M and N, will speak at a logical conference, which will be arranged according to the following conditions: (1) each speaker will speak only once, and there will be only one speaker at a time. (2) three speakers spoke before lunch and the other three spoke after lunch. (3) G must speak before lunch. (IV) only one speaker is between M and N. (5) F speaks in the first or third place.", "question": "If L speaks before lunch and M is not the sixth speaker, which of the following options is the next speaker after M?", "options": ["F.", "J.", "G.", "N."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11566, "answer": 0, "text": "The ruins of the prehistoric Bolivian city of Tiwanaku feature green andacite stones weighing up to 40 tons. These stones were quarried at Copacabana, which is across a lake and about 90 kilometers away. Archaeologists hypothesize that the stones were brought to Tiwanaku on reed boats. To show this was possible, experimenters transported a 9-ton stone from Copacabana to Tiwanaku using a reed boat built with locally available materials and techniques traditional to the area.", "question": "Which one of the following would be most useful to know in order to evaluate the support for the archaeologists' hypothesis?", "options": ["whether the traditional techniques for building reed boats were in use at the time Tiwanaku was inhabited", "whether the reed boat built for the experimenters is durable enough to remain usable for several years", "whether green andacite stones quarried at the time Tiwanaku was inhabited were used at any sites near Copacabana", "whether the green andacite stones at Tiwanaku are the largest stones at the site"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8717, "answer": 2, "text": "With the help of DNA preserved in animal fossils and specimens, and using increasingly advanced cloning and genetic technology, humans have been able to revive some long-extinct animals, such as mammoths, dodos, dinosaurs and so on. At the same time, there is also a big discussion in the scientific community about whether human beings should resurrect extinct animals. Supporters believe that resurrected animals are expected to restore the damaged ecological environment in some areas. For example, mammoths live on the vast grasslands of Siberia, and their droppings are excellent fertilizers for nourishing the grasslands. After the mammoth became extinct, the prairie lacking fertilizer was gradually replaced by the tundra. If the mammoth can be revived and returned to Siberia, it will help to reduce the area of the tundra and gradually restore the grassland ecosystem.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can best refute the views of the above supporters?", "options": ["If we invest a lot of time, energy and cost to revive the vanished creatures, it is bound to contain and weaken the protection of the existing endangered animals, and the loss outweighs the gain", "Just cloning an individual of an extinct animal does not mean that human beings have the ability to resurrect the whole population", "Even if extinct animals can be resurrected in groups, the habitat suitable for their growth may have disappeared long ago, and all efforts will be in vain if a suitable living environment is not given to the reborn species", "Most of these animals gradually disappeared in the process of human development, and it was human activities that led to their extinction"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4900, "answer": 2, "text": "In addition to ABO blood group, there are other types of human blood group, such as GM blood group. GM blood group exists in human serum and shows obvious ethnic specificity. FB subtype like GM blood group is unique to Caucasians; St subtype only exists in yellow people; The C3 subtype is only found in black people.", "question": "Which of the followings can be infered", "options": ["In addition to ABO blood group matching, people also need GM blood group matching during blood transfusion", "All Africans have the C3 subtype of the GM blood group", "People with GM blood group FB subtype will not be yellow", "Some Caucasians can also have st subtypes of GM blood group"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13020, "answer": 2, "text": "The total number of book titles published annually in North America has approximately quadrupled since television first became available. Retail sales of new titles, as measured in copies, increased rapidly in the early days of television, though the rate of increase has slowed in recent years. Library circulation has been flat or declining in recent years.", "question": "Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?", "options": ["Television has, over the years, brought about a reduction in the amount of per capita reading in North America.", "Book publishers in North America now sell fewer copies per title than they sold in the early days of television.", "The availability of television does not always cause a decline in the annual number of book titles published or in the number of books sold.", "The introduction of television usually brings about a decrease in library use."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9738, "answer": 3, "text": "A working group plans to conduct field research and initially determine that only one region in eastern, western or northern Guangdong will be selected. In this regard, three people in the working group A, B, C put forward the following opinions: A: eastern Guangdong is more representative in this survey and should go to eastern Guangdong. B: I have already been to northern Guangdong in the last round of research, so we should choose other regions this time. C: I think it is more appropriate to choose western or northern Guangdong to conduct field research.", "question": "In the end, the working group adopted only one person's opinion. Which of the following options must be correct?", "options": ["The working group went to eastern Guangdong.", "The working group went to the western Guangdong.", "The working group adopted opinion of B.", "The working group adopted opinion of C."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 729, "answer": 1, "text": "The realization of food safety must have the effective management of the government. Only the mutual coordination and cooperation between government departments can ensure the effective management of the government. However, without a sound supervision and restriction mechanism, it is impossible to realize the coordination and cooperation among government departments", "question": "Which can be infered?", "options": ["Without a sound supervision and restriction mechanism, it is impossible to achieve food safety", "If we want to improve the supervision mechanism, we must have the effective management of the government", "With the coordination and cooperation among various government departments, food safety can be realized", "A government that cannot manage effectively is a government that has not established a sound supervision and restriction mechanism"], "type": {"Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13098, "answer": 3, "text": "Generally scientists enter their field with the goal of doing important new research and accept as their colleagues those with similar motivation. Ttherefore, when any scientist wins renown as an expounder of science to general audiences, most other scientists conclude that this popularizer should no longer be regarded as a true colleague.", "question": "The explanation offered above for the low esteem in which scientific popularizers are held by research scientists assumes that", "options": ["serious scientific research is not a solitary activity, but relies on active cooperation among a . group of colleagues", "a scientist can become a famous popularizer without having completed any important research", "research scientists tend not to regard as colleagues those scientists whose renown they envy", "research scientists believe that those who are well known as popularizers of science are not motivated to do important new research"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10593, "answer": 2, "text": "Journalist: <b> Every election year at this time the state government releases the financial disclosures that potential candidates must make in order to be eligible to run for office. </b> Among those making the required financial disclosure this year is a prominent local businessman, Arnold Bergeron. There has often been talk in the past of Mr. Bergeron' s running for governor, not least from Mr. Bergeron himself. <b> This year it is likely he finally will </b>, since those who have discounted the possibility of a Bergeron candidacy have always pointed to the necessity of making financial disclosure as the main obstacle to such a candidacy.", "question": "In the journalist's argument, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?", "options": ["Each provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that supports a further conclusion stated in the argument.", "The first provides information without which the argument lacks force; the second states an intermediate conclusion that is used to support a further conclusion.", "The first provides information without which the argument lacks force; the second states the main conclusion of the argument.", "The first states evidence bearing against the main conclusion of the argument; the second states that conclusion."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10116, "answer": 0, "text": "Six scholars, F, G, J, L, M and N, will speak at a logical conference, which will be arranged according to the following conditions: (1) each speaker will speak only once, and there will be only one speaker at a time. (2) three speakers spoke before lunch and the other three spoke after lunch. (3) G must speak before lunch. (IV) only one speaker is between M and N. (5) F speaks in the first or third place.", "question": "If J speaks before F, which of the following options is the number N to speak?", "options": ["The fourth place.", "The second place.", "The third place.", "The first place."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7946, "answer": 1, "text": "There is a view that the structure of the game is nothing more than children put together, moving and carrying, without the involvement of teachers too much. In fact, if the structure of the game can be carried out well, it can not only train children's collocation ability, spatial imagination ability, thinking ability, but also can promote children's hand, brain, eye coordination ability and cultivate children's aesthetic ability of plastic art. But for structural play to work as well as it does, the teacher must not only participate, but also demonstrate, direct, and point at the right time. Otherwise, this effect cannot be achieved.", "question": "Which of the following is the main idea of the text?", "options": ["The healthy development of children cannot do without structured games", "Preschool teachers have a great relationship with the formation of children's ability", "Qualified preschool teachers should master the teaching method of structural play", "Children's aesthetic ability to plastic arts depends on structural games"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6265, "answer": 3, "text": "Flaubert, a French writer, once said: science and art break up at the foot of the mountain and converge at the peak.", "question": "Which of the following is the most accurate understanding of the meaning of the above sentence?", "options": ["Science and art belong to different fields, but their means of exploring mysteries are the same.", "Science and art study nature in different ways, but in the end, they should cooperate and learn from each other.", "Science and art use different languages, but the content is the same.", "There are many differences between science and art, but their essence and mission are to sort out order and law from chaotic phenomena."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5587, "answer": 1, "text": "Some people will not feel tired even if they are under high-intensity pressure for a long time, while others will feel tired after doing a little work, which may be related to different genes in addition to different physique or habits. Through the observation of the genome of 50 patients with chronic syndrome, the research team of the University of Glasgow in England found that some genes of these patients are the same age, Healthy people of the same sex have different genes.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can best support the application of the research results in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome?", "options": ["Gene identification has been used in the diagnosis of some diseases", "Scientists have identified the genes that cause chronic fatigue syndrome", "At present, there is no method to diagnose and treat chronic fatigue syndrome", "There is a unique gene in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6140, "answer": 2, "text": "From political economy to daily life, from globalization to regional revival, from practical technology to discourse expression, many problems and crises are closely related to the factor of space. This is the earthquake and tsunami disaster, border armed conflict, The collapse of the real estate industry, road congestion, and increasingly fierce competition in space are manifested in various forms.", "question": "Which of the following texts is meant to illustrate?", "options": ["Economic globalization brings many spatial crises.", "The crisis of natural and man-made space is becoming increasingly prominent.", "Now space is becoming more and more important.", "Increasing population brings many space problems."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9374, "answer": 2, "text": "As temperatures rise, so does the chance that tropical rainforests will be struck by lightning and start fires. However, current monitoring shows that although the American rainforest is hit by lightning more frequently, it does not cause more forest fires. The researchers believe that this may have something to do with the large increase in the number of vines in the rainforest in recent years.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can best support the above conclusion?", "options": ["Lightning strikes often cause temperate forest fires, but tropical rain forests do not cause large fires because of high humidity", "In 1968, the coverage rate of vines in the tropical rain forest was 32%. At present, the coverage rate is as high as 60%, even more than 75% in some areas", "The stem of the vine has less resistance relative to the branch and can conduct lightning like a lightning rod on a building, allowing most of the current to flow from its own stem", "Lightning strikes such a large-scale and extremely fast discharge, first destroying the external vines, and the trees in the middle are protected"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7462, "answer": 3, "text": "Express delivery dare not open the door, check the water meter is not allowed to enter the house, always use your hands to press to see if there is water in the meat, go to the supermarket to buy milk bread can not see the shelf life will not easily pay the bill. Doubting everything seems to have become the psychological public knowledge of many people in today's society, and ordinary people have become old unbelievers, which has seriously damaged the credibility of the government, experts and the media. An authoritative survey shows that the overall trust in Chinese society has declined, with less than half of the respondents believing that most people in society are credible.", "question": "Based on the conclusions of the above survey, which of the following options can be drawn?", "options": ["The majority in society believes that the minority in society is credible", "The minority in society thinks the majority in society is not credible", "There are people in society who do not think that a few people in society can be trusted", "There are people in society who do not think that the majority of people in society can be trusted"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3172, "answer": 3, "text": "Computers with wireless internet access will also have antenna radiation, because the keyboard is essentially an antenna. Each key of the keyboard is covered with a vertical and horizontal grid, which itself forms an antenna, and each key is scanned by high-frequency electromagnetic at any time, which can emit a large number of electromagnetic waves. Usually, people only pay attention to blocking the electromagnetic waves in the chassis, but ignore the leakage of the electromagnetic waves of the keyboard to a great extent.", "question": "According to the above discussion, which of the followings cannot be deduced?", "options": ["There is a problem of antenna radiation in wired computers", "The chassis has the function of preventing electromagnetic wave leakage in the chassis", "There are some problems in people's protection against computer electromagnetic radiation", "Working in electromagnetic wave environment for a long time is easy to cause human injury"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12404, "answer": 1, "text": "It is widely believed that lancelets -- small, primitive sea animals -- do not have hearts. Each lancelet has a contracting vessel, but this vessel is considered an artery rather than a heart. However, this vessel is indeed a heart. After all, it strongly resembles the structure of the heart of certain other sea animals. Moreover, the muscular contractions in the lancelet' s vessel closely resemble the muscular contractions of other animals' hearts.", "question": "The argument's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?", "options": ["Some primitive animals other than lancelets have what is widely held to be a heart.", "A vessel whose structure and actions closely resemble those of other animal hearts is a heart.", "No animal that has a heart lacks an artery.", "Only animals that have contracting vessels have hearts."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7644, "answer": 0, "text": "Natural elimination breeding method means to reduce the interference and determine the breeding method of improved variety through natural growth of the selected variety.", "question": "Which of the following is a natural elimination breeding method?", "options": ["In order to breed disease-resistant species, turtle farms, in the case of near-death turtles, do not apply any drugs and let their development, the survival of the last as a seed fish.", "Koi fish farmers began to sort the most economic value of fish fry. After three artificial selections, fewer than 10 percent of the juveniles turned out to be exquisite koi.", "Dendrobium farmers climb the cliffs to collect wild dendrobium.", "Some of the plants that grow on the same hillside are lush, some are small and yellow. There's a big difference and that's what natural selection is all about."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1952, "answer": 0, "text": "When talking about the history of human art, people tend to pay more attention to language, especially as a text. Because people used to think that vision is intuitive, concrete and perceptual, lack of profound and complex meaning. But from a historical point of view, people create and come into contact with images before they use and understand words. The history of the relationship between human beings and images is far longer than that between human beings and words in terms of time length. The expression and communication of images not only has a long history, but people often find that the experience and interpretation of visual art is as difficult as the grasp of spoken and written language, or even more complicated.", "question": "Which of the following options is emphasized in this paragraph?", "options": ["People lack understanding of the importance of images in art history.", "The discussion of art history should not be limited to the language level.", "The complexity of images makes visual art works difficult to understand.", "The human visual system is more fully developed than the language system."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3364, "answer": 0, "text": "Economic activity is people's production, exchange, distribution, consumption and closely related activities under the premise of certain economic relations. Economic relations are the mutual relations formed by people in economic activities. Among all kinds of economic relations, the dominant one is production relations.", "question": "Which of the following relates to the premise discussed above?", "options": ["How to deal with the relationship between politics and economy", "Cultural management adapted to economic development", "Other economic activities", "On mutual assistance and cooperation in agricultural production"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14039, "answer": 2, "text": "Helen: It was wrong of my brother Mark to tell our mother that the reason he had missed her birthday party the evening before was that he had been in a traffic accident and that by the time he was released from the hospital emergency room the party was long over. Saying something that is false can never be other than morally wrong, and there had been no such accident -- Mark had simply forgotten all about the party.", "question": "The main conclusion drawn in Helen's argument is that", "options": ["the real reason Mark missed his mother's birthday party was that he had forgotten all about it", "it is always wrong not to tell the truth", "it was wrong of Mark to tell his mother that he had missed her birthday party as a result of having been in a traffic accident", "Mark did not tell his mother the truth"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12084, "answer": 2, "text": "A manager cannot extract the best performance from employees by threatening them with termination or offering financial rewards for high productivity. Rather, employees must come to want to do a good job for its own sake. One of the best ways for a manager to achieve this is to delegate responsibility to them, especially for decisions that previously had to be made by the manager.", "question": "Which one of the following propositions is best illustrated by the situation described in the passage?", "options": ["Increased responsibility can improve a person's sense of how power should be used.", "People who carry out decisions are in the best position to determine what those decisions should be.", "In some cases one's effectiveness in a particular role can be enhanced by a partial relinquishing of control.", "Business works best by harnessing the self-interest of individuals to benefit the company as a whole."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 13844, "answer": 0, "text": "Problems caused by the leaching of pollutants from dumps and landfills are worst in countries with an annual per capita economic output of $4, 000 to $5, 000, and less severe for considerably poorer and considerably richer countries. This is so because pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country' s industrial development but then diminish as increasing industrial development generates adequate resources to tackle such problems. Ttherefore, problems caused by such leaching in Country X, where the annual per capita economic output is now $5, 000, should begin to diminish in the next few years.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?", "options": ["Industrial development in Country X will increase in the next few years.", "Countries surrounding Country X will reduce the amount of pollution that their factories release into the air and water.", "No other country with a similar amount of industrial development has pollution problems that are as severe as those in Country X.", "Within the next few years, Country X will impose a system of fines for illegal waste disposal by its industrial companies."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8331, "answer": 3, "text": "In order to eliminate pests in farmland, human beings have invented more than 30,000 kinds of pesticides. Although they have temporarily controlled the pests, they have also eliminated the natural enemies of insects and bees, making it impossible for some vegetables, melons and fruits to be pollinated. Weeds compete with crops for nutrition, water and space, so someone invented herbicides, which temporarily control weeds, but also promote the evolution of weeds, making them more difficult to deal with. To make matters worse, herbicides also eliminated beneficial microorganisms in the soil, harming some nitrogen-fixing bacteria that had the ability to fix nitrogen, and even denitrifying bacteria that reduced excess nitrogen to nitrogen in the atmosphere. Without the care of weeds, farmland becomes plank, and the rainy season is very easy to cause soil erosion.", "question": "Which of the following options is the most important part of this passage?", "options": ["The development of agriculture should not rely excessively on modern science and technology.", "The urgency of developing accurate pesticides for killing insect pests.", "The harm caused by the disturbance of the existing agro-ecosystem.", "Modern agricultural technology has both advantages and disadvantages."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1371, "answer": 2, "text": "In a broad sense, environmental culture includes both material results and spiritual results; in a narrow sense, it only includes spiritual results. It mainly refers to those achieved on environmental protection issues, national, national, Even the broad consensus of the entire mankind, as well as the expressions of various cultures and arts that contain these consensus content.", "question": "Which of the following is the meaning of Itin the passage?", "options": ["Environmental culture", "Environmental culture in a broad sense", "Environmental culture in a narrow sense", "Spiritual and material achievements"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10880, "answer": 3, "text": "Letter to the editor: When your newspaper reported the (admittedly extraordinary) claim by Mr. Hanlon that he saw an alien spaceship, the tone of your article was very skeptical despite the fact that Hanlon has over the years proved to be a trusted member of the community. If Hanlon claimed to have observed a rare natural phenomenon like a large meteor, your article would not have been skeptical. So your newspaper exhibits an unjustified bias.", "question": "The argument in the letter conflicts with which one of the following principles?", "options": ["People who think they observe supernatural phenomena should not publicize that fact unless they can present corroborating evidence.", "A newspaper should not publish a report unless it is confirmed by an independent source.", "If a media outlet has trusted a source in the past and the source has a good reputation, the outlet should continue to trust that source.", "If a claim is extraordinary, it should not be presented uncritically unless it is backed by evidence of an extraordinarily high standard."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9087, "answer": 3, "text": "The cost of making in China has been rising in recent years, and the cost of making in China is close to that of the United States, according to data from the Boston Consulting Group of the United States. Based on the United States (100), the manufacturing index in China is 96, that is, the same product costs $1 to be made in the United States and $0.96 to be made in China. Although labor costs in China have risen, the income of Chinese workers is significantly lower than that of workers in the same industry in the United States.", "question": "If which of the following statements is true, it can best explain the above seemingly contradictory phenomena?", "options": ["The price level in most parts of China is lower than that in the United States", "Due to rising labor costs in China, some manufacturing industries have begun to transfer some factories to India or Southeast Asian countries", "The profit margin of China's manufacturing industry is generally low", "In recent years, the cost of fixed assets, energy, etc., which have been invested in China, are on the rise"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 947, "answer": 1, "text": "Some people say that complete selflessness has two meanings: first, to serve others unconditionally; second, to refuse any service from others.", "question": "Which of the followings is the logical inference of the above point of view?", "options": ["No one is completely selfless.", "It is impossible for all people to be completely selfless.", "If someone accepts the service of others, there must exits completely selfless people.", "If someone refuses the service of others, there must exits completely selfless people."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7480, "answer": 0, "text": "Xiao Li said to Xiao Xia You only have to strengthen exercise and eat more health products in order to stay healthy. Xiao Xia said I don't agree with you.", "question": "Which of the following judgments is the opinion that Xiao Xia agrees with?", "options": ["Can maintain physical health; but if you strengthen exercise, don't eat more health products", "Can maintain good health; but if you do not eat more health products,then strengthen exercise", "Can maintain good health; but neither strengthen exercise nor eat more health products", "Can keep the body healthy; but not only strengthen exercise, but also eat more health products"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11559, "answer": 3, "text": "Politicians often advocate increased overall economic productivity while ignoring its drawbacks. For example, attempting to increase the productivity of a corporation means attempting to increase its profitability, which typically leads to a reduction in the number of workers employed by that corporation. Thus, attempting to increase productivity in the economy as a whole may benefit business owners, but will increase the number of unemployed workers.", "question": "The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument", "options": ["unfairly criticizes politicians in general on the basis of the actions of a few who are unwilling to consider the drawbacks of attempting to increase productivity", "fails to address all potential drawbacks and benefits of attempting to increase productivity at a single corporation", "presumes, without providing justification, that increased unemployment is sufficient reason to abandon increased productivity as an economic goal", "fails to justify its presumption that attempting to increase productivity in the economy as a whole would produce results similar to those produced by attempting to increase productivity in a single corporation"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 421, "answer": 0, "text": "A zoologist in the United States put a big mirror in front of the chimpanzee's cage to observe their reaction. They can recognize themselves from the mirror and often look into the mirror for parts they can't normally see. As a close relative of chimpanzees, gorillas don't have this ability.", "question": "Which of the followings can be inferred?", "options": ["Chimpanzees are better than gorillas in some aspects.", "Chimpanzees and gorillas are closely related, but chimpanzees have better intelligence.", "Chimpanzee's ability is related to the environment in which it lives.", "There are other animals in the animal kingdom that have this ability."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7744, "answer": 2, "text": "Value self-identifications means that people often overestimate the value of their actions and obtain happiness and beauty from it.", "question": "Which of the following is value self-identifications?", "options": ["Xiao Zhang just arrived at his workplace after graduation and was lucky enough to be assigned a bachelor apartment. It took him half a month to decorate the room like a new house. Every day he walked in, he was happy", "After Xiaoxing won the first prize in the campus robot competition, his father Lao Wu was happy all day, and he praised how good his son was when he met everyone", "After Mr. Xie's famous song became popular overnight, he soon entered the film and television industry and appeared in many TV series. Although the audience response was mediocre, he has always been confident in his acting skills", "Lao Zhao's work won the second prize of the Provincial Calligraphy Association. Colleagues came to congratulate him. He secretly made up his mind: He must strive to get a higher award next year"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10947, "answer": 1, "text": "Attacks on an opponent' s character should be avoided in political debates. Such attacks do not confront the opponent' s argument; instead they attempt to cast doubt on the opponent' s moral right to be in the debate at all.", "question": "Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning above?", "options": ["Questions of character should be raised in political debate if they are relevant to the opponent's argument.", "Debating techniques that do not confront every argument should be avoided.", "Attacks on an opponent's character result from an inability to confront the opponent's argument properly.", "Attacking the character of one's opponent does nothing to preserve one's moral right to enter into further political debates."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 1971, "answer": 1, "text": "As far as the world is concerned, in mature markets, large enterprises earn more profits through continuous innovation. Only in the immature market, there is room to make high profits by other means. In an era of increasingly symmetrical information, abnormal high profits are abnormal, and enterprises that make use of factors such as immature consumer psychology to obtain high profits will no longer be welcome. As the domestic market and consumers become more mature and rational, the future of enterprises will provide consumers with better and more diverse products.", "question": "Which of the following options is not in line with the author's point of view?", "options": ["In the future, enterprises can make more profits through continuous innovation.", "In the future, enterprises can make high profits only through more fancy marketing.", "Enterprises that can provide consumers with better and richer products can rise in the future.", "Market maturity affects the possibility of high profits for enterprises."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10996, "answer": 0, "text": "Scientist: In our study, chemical R did not cause cancer in laboratory rats. But we cannot conclude from this that chemical R is safe for humans. After all, many substances known to be carcinogenic to humans cause no cancer in rats; this is probably because some carcinogens cause cancer only via long-term exposure and rats are short lived.", "question": "Which one of the following most precisely describes the role played in the scientist's argument by the statement that chemical R did not cause cancer in laboratory rats?", "options": ["It is cited as being insufficient to support the conclusion that chemical R is safe for humans.", "It is advanced to support the contention that test results obtained from laboratory rats cannot be extrapolated to humans.", "It is used as evidence to support the hypothesis that chemical R causes cancer in humans via long-term exposure.", "It illustrates the claim that rats are too short lived to be suitable as test subjects for the carcinogenic properties of substances to which humans are chronically exposed."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7243, "answer": 3, "text": "Property ownership refers to the right of the property owner to possess, use, benefit and dispose of his property according to law.", "question": "In the following items, the person concerned shall not enjoy property ownership is", "options": ["Private bank savings", "Private investment and income from investment", "Real or movable property of private enterprises", "Lost or drifting objects found by individuals"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10739, "answer": 2, "text": "If one wants to succeed, then one should act as though one were genuinely confident about one' s abilities, even if one actually distrusts one' s skills. Success is much more easily obtained by those who genuinely believe themselves capable of succeeding than by those filled with self-doubts.", "question": "Which one of the following statements, if true, most strengthens the argument?", "options": ["Success is usually more a matter of luck or determination than of skill.", "Self-doubt can hamper as well as aid the development of the skills necessary for success.", "Genuine confidence is often a by-product of pretended self-confidence.", "Those who convince others that they are capable of succeeding usually have few self-doubts."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8757, "answer": 3, "text": "According to a psychological theory, if one wants to be happy, one must maintain a close relationship with the people around him, but the great painters in the world often spend their time alone, and they do not have close interpersonal relationships most of their time.Therefore, the above argument of this psychological theory is not valid.", "question": "Which of the following options is most likely to be assumed by the above argument?", "options": ["The purpose of this psychological theory is to reveal the relationship between inner experience and artistic achievement", "People with close relationships seldom get lonely", "Loneliness is necessary for a great painter", "An artist who has made great achievements cannot be unhappy"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7066, "answer": 3, "text": "As for actor certification, we are most familiar with the title of first-class actor, and one of the main criteria for the selection of first-class actor is that he has made outstanding contributions to the prosperity of China's literary and artistic undertakings, which is also vague. In addition, according to relevant data, it is only a habit to call first-class actor as national first-class actor, It can also be understood that the popularity and popularity of an actor mainly comes from his works, which has nothing to do with his professional title.", "question": "This paragraph mainly emphasizes that:", "options": ["The criteria for evaluating actors should be clear and feasible", "Actor certification is not a measure of ability", "The evaluation of actors should focus on their works rather than their professional titles", "Practical problems in current actor certification"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 12245, "answer": 2, "text": "Acme Corporation offers unskilled workers excellent opportunities for advancement. As evidence, consider the fact that the president of the company, Ms. Garon, worked as an assembly line worker, an entry-level position requiring no special skills, when she first started at Acme.", "question": "Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?", "options": ["Acme's vice president of operations also worked as an assembly line worker when he first started at Acme.", "Acme pays entry-level employees slightly higher wages than most other businesses in the same industry.", "Acme regularly hires top graduates of business schools and employs them briefly in each of a succession of entry-level positions before promoting them to management.", "Acme promotes its own employees to senior management positions much more frequently than it hires senior managers from other companies."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 5463, "answer": 2, "text": "Feedforward control means to eliminate the possible deviation in the bud by observing the situation, sorting out the information, mastering the law, predicting the trend, correctly predicting the possible problems in the future, and taking measures in advance.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following belongs to feedforward control?", "options": ["Stock investors predict the possible risks of stock investment this year according to the stock market in previous years.", "An enterprise formulates its strategy according to its scale, core competitiveness and development plan.", "An e-commerce network has formulated several schemes to deal with possible market changes.", "A factory adjusted its production mode because of the rising prices of raw materials, fuels and other materials."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8963, "answer": 2, "text": "People who are in favor of the death penalty usually give two reasons: first, the fear of death will prevent others from committing the same terrible crime; second, the death penalty is cheaper than its alternative, life imprisonment. However, reliable research shows that life imprisonment is preferable to the death penalty from an economic point of view. People think that it is not true that the death penalty saves money. Therefore, the death penalty should be abolished.", "question": "Logically, which of the followings is an appropriate evaluation of the argument in the main part of the question?", "options": ["The structure of the argument is acceptable, because human life is more precious than anything else", "The argument has logical power because its reason is true and human life is at stake", "The argument does not take into account another important reason in favor of the death penalty, so it is not a good argument", "It is only natural to abolish the death penalty and there is no need to discuss it"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 11255, "answer": 2, "text": "Henry: Some scientists explain the dance of honeybees as the means by which honeybees communicate the location of whatever food source they have just visited to other members of the hive. But honeybees do not need so complicated a mechanism to communicate that information. Forager honeybees returning to their hive simply leave a scent trail from the food source they have just visited. There must ttherefore be some other explanation for the honeybees' dance. Winifred: Not necessarily. Most animals have several ways of accomplishing critical tasks. Bees of some species can navigate using either the position of the Sun or the memory of landmarks. Similarly, for honeybees, scent trails are a supplementary not an exclusive means of communicating.", "question": "The point at issue between Henry and Winifred is whether", "options": ["there is more than one valid explanation for the dance of the honeybees", "the honeybee is the only species of bee that is capable of communicating navigational information to other hive members", "honeybees communicate the location of food sources through their dance", "theories of animal behavior can be established on the basis of evidence about only one species of animal"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4203, "answer": 0, "text": "Financing refers to the monetary transaction means or acquisition of assets to pay more than the purchase price of cash, and the monetary means used to raise funds", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is not financing?", "options": ["Xiao Zhang in order to facilitate commuting, take out their 80,000 yuan savings, find parents borrowed 30,000 yuan, bought a car", "A unit is prepared to use an idle piece of land to solve the accommodation of workers, but lack of 30 million funds, some people proposed to borrow money from employees, and pay the appropriate profits after the installment", "A company plans to develop a new product to lend money to a bank", "Mr. Zhang intends to put a restaurant down, not enough money to find a friend Mr. Li borrowed 500,000, agreed to two years even the principal and interest paid off"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3055, "answer": 0, "text": "The researchers asked volunteers to stare at a dot on the screen for a long time in a dark room, while using infrared cameras to track their eye movements and blinks in real time. Every time the volunteers blinked, the dot moved one centimeter to the right. The volunteers said afterwards that they were not aware of the slight change. After about 30 blinks, the volunteers' eyes adapted to the synchronous movement of the dots and could automatically shift to the new dots after blinking.", "question": "Which of the following options is intended to explain by this passage?", "options": ["Blinking can stabilize the line of sight", "Eye movement is affected by noise and other factors, which will not cause instability of the line of sight", "The eyeball moves in the blink of an eye, and the eyeball always returns to the position where it was when the eyes were reopened", "The brain can't tell the difference between what people see before and after blinking"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10660, "answer": 0, "text": "Editorial: Contrary to popular belief, teaching preschoolers is not especially difficult, for they develop strict systems (e. g. , for sorting toys by shape), which help them to learn, and they are always intensely curious about something new in their world.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the editorial's argument?", "options": ["Children intensely curious about new things have very short attention spans.", "Preschool teachers generally report lower levels of stress than do other teachers.", "Preschoolers have a tendency to imitate adults, and most adults follow strict routines.", "Some older children also develop strict systems that help them learn."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2318, "answer": 2, "text": "When treating dental caries, dentists must first remove the carious part of the tooth, and then fill the material to repair the defective tooth. However, 10% to 15% of the fillings will fail, and the fillings used do not have the ability to make the teeth self-heal Functions and even side effects. In view of this, researchers have developed a filler made of synthetic biological materials that can stimulate the growth of stem cells in the dental pulp and repair damaged parts. This filler can stimulate the proliferation of stem cells , And differentiate into dentin. If the fillings of the future fillings are made of such regenerated materials, it will reduce the failure rate of the fillings and reduce the pain of the dental pulp of patients with tooth decay.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["People will no longer suffer from tooth decay in the future", "People will no longer suffer from dental caries in the future", "Newly developed dental fillings can stimulate self-healing of damaged teeth", "Newly developed dental fillings can promote the growth of dentin"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7893, "answer": 3, "text": "Food safety has become a hot issue in modern society. A social survey of a city this year showed that 29.2% of the respondents had sense of security. 23.8% of the respondents did not have sense of security, compared with 22.4% and 32.6% last year. As a result, investigators assert that the city's public sense of security for food has improved this year and that the overall situation of food safety is better than last year.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, is the most likely to question the above findings?", "options": ["This year, some respondents did not express their attitudes towards food safety.", "This year, the city government has stepped up the management of food safety work.", "The city's media reported a number of food safety incidents such as fake milk powder this year.", "Many samples of catering operators have been added to this year's social survey."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 14833, "answer": 2, "text": "Studies in restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a credit card logo. Consumer psychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many credit card holders willing to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash they have immediately available.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the psychologists' interpretation of the studies?", "options": ["The percentage of restaurant bills paid with a given brand of credit card increases when that credit card's logo is displayed on the tray with which the bill is presented.", "In general, restaurant patrons who pay their bills in cash leave larger tips than do those who pay by credit card.", "Patrons who are under financial pressure from their credit-card obligations tend to tip less when presented with a restaurant bill on a tray with a credit-card logo than when the tray has no logo.", "The effect noted in the studies is not limited to patrons who have credit cards."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 6558, "answer": 3, "text": "Leading cadres should also have these three realms of reading and study: first of all, they should have the lofty pursuit of looking at the Tianya Road, the coolness of withering trees by the west wind last night and the loneliness of going up the tall building alone. Calm down and study hard. Second, we should work hard, study assiduously, be willing to pay, persevere, work hard, and never regret even if we wear wider clothes and people are haggard. Third, we should persist in independent thinking, combine learning with use, learn something, use something, find him in the public thousands of degrees in study and practice, and finally suddenly look back and grasp the true meaning in dim lights. the third is to persist in independent thinking, to combine learning with use, to learn something, to find him thousands of degrees in the study and practice, and finally to suddenly look back and comprehend the true meaning in dim lights.", "question": "Which of the following options can best summarize the above text?", "options": ["Reading should have a clear goal and perseverance", "Reading should be combined with practice", "You should pay attention to methods and skills in reading", "We should love to read, read frequently and be good at reading"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2442, "answer": 1, "text": "A city has two pillar industries, traditional handicraft and tourism. The development of traditional handicraft industry will inevitably lead to pollution and damage the ecological environment. However, a good ecological environment is a necessary condition for the development of tourism.", "question": "Which of the followings can be inferred from the above conclusion?", "options": ["The municipal government should vigorously strengthen the protection of the ecological environment.", "The city cannot develop traditional handicrafts and tourism at the same time.", "Traditional handicrafts and tourism should be replaced by other industries.", "The city's economic income mainly depends on traditional handicrafts."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10091, "answer": 2, "text": "Scientists applied desulfurization ash from some power plants to 40 mu of saline-alkali land in Inner Mongolia. As a result, corn and grass grew in this land. The scientists concluded that the desulfurized ash from coal-fired power plants can be used to transform saline-alkali land.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, best supports the scientist's conclusion?", "options": ["Corn grown in saline-alkali land modified with desulfurized ash is similar to that of corn in fertile soil.", "The main component of desulfurization ash is gypsum, and the use of gypsum to improve saline-alkali land has a history of more than 100 years.", "The saline-alkali land next to the 40-mu experimental field where no desulfurization ash was applied was covered with gray, and even weeds were rare.", "The content of heavy metals and pollutants in these desulfurization ash did not exceed the national standard."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 2395, "answer": 1, "text": "Screenwriter moviegoers are those who don't mind being spoiled by spoilers and even inquire about plot introductions and review all kinds of movies in advance. This kind of moviegoers pursue the feeling of controlling the development of the plot and don't like surprises.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to the screenwriter moviegoers?", "options": ["After watching a good film, Xiao Wang felt that he should share it with his girlfriend, so he invited his girlfriend to the cinema and introduced her to the main contents of the film.", "Xiao du pays attention to rational thinking about everything. For movies, he has the impulse to watch movies only after he understands the authoritative evaluation, the content of the plot, the characteristics of the picture and so on.", "Xiao Li is fond of suspense movies. He likes to revel in brain-burning plots and his mood fluctuates with the plots. He often assumes that he is a detective and always looks at others with scrutiny.", "Uncle Zhang's wife watches TV dramas at home all day after retiring, knows the plots of many TV dramas like the back of her hand and often tells them to Uncle Zhang."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 4129, "answer": 1, "text": "Leader refers to an individual or group with certain power and status, in order to achieve a predetermined organizational goal, through its own role, guide and influence others or organizations, and complete the behavioral process of predetermined tasks under certain conditions.", "question": "Which of the following is not a leader?", "options": ["During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Mao Zedong and other older generations of proletarian revolutionaries called on the people of the whole country to resist Japan unanimously", "Scientists study biological systems, engineering automatic control technology, and communication network systems", "The leading members of the municipal party committee study and formulate policies and guidelines, and organize and mobilize party members throughout the city to implement them", "After the evaluation, the organization department decides the candidates for each position and puts them on duty"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 7137, "answer": 0, "text": "Xiao Li said, I passed all the exams this time and got my motor vehicle driver's license.", "question": "If what Xiao Li said is not true, which of the following must be true?", "options": ["Xiao Li failed in at least one subject.", "Xiao Li failed the exam in only one subject.", "Xiao Li failed in one subject at most.", "Xiao Li failed in all the subjects."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 8046, "answer": 1, "text": "Traditional Chinese painting pays attention to knowing the white and keeping the black, which means that the black is the painting and the white is the blank. The blank left on the picture should be valued as much as the image of the painting. In other words, the blank should be reasonable and conform to the composition rules. The most taboo is the same size and shape of the blank, the most taboo is the blank like round, square, the most taboo is the blank scattered like stars. Good blanks are large and small, are irregular triangles and the blanks left are complete and unified.", "question": "Which of the following options is intended to be explained in this passage?", "options": ["The characteristics of traditional chinese painting.", "The composition principle of traditional chinese painting.", "The angle of appreciating traditional chinese painting.", "Ink skills of traditional Chinese painting."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 3191, "answer": 1, "text": "Xiao Sun cannot swim and play tennis.", "question": "According to the above statement, which of the following conclusions must be true?", "options": ["If Xiao Sun cannot play tennis, he must be able to swim.", "If Xiao Sun can play tennis, he cannot swim.", "Xiao Sun can neither swim nor play tennis.", "Xiao Sun can swim, but he cannot play tennis."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 10247, "answer": 0, "text": "Energy-saving lamps require less electricity and are more power-saving. Therefore, if people only use energy-saving lamps and do not use ordinary incandescent lamps that consume a lot of electricity, it will save a lot of electricity bills.", "question": "Which of the following options is the hypothesis on which the above argument depends?", "options": ["The brightness of energy-saving lamps is at least as bright as that of ordinary incandescent lamps.", "People can reduce environmental pollution by using less electricity.", "People always want to reduce electricity bills, water rate and so on.", "Energy-saving lamps are no cheaper than ordinary incandescent lamps."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 15124, "answer": 1, "text": "The legislature of the Philippines voted recently to abolish the death penalty. In contrast, the death penalty remains legal in the United States. The difference in the legality of capital punishment demonstrates that the majority of American citizens believe in the death penalty, while the majority of Filipino citizens do not.", "question": "Which of the following is an assumption upon which the above argument depends?", "options": ["There are not strong voices opposing the death penalty in the United States.", "The legal status of capital punishment in the United States and the Philippines aligns with how the majority of citizens in those respective countries view the death penalty.", "There are more murders per year in the United States than in the Philippines.", "The legal standard used to determine whether a criminal should be sentenced to the death penalty in the United States is similar to the legal standard used in the Philippines before capital punishment was abolished there."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
{"id": 9907, "answer": 1, "text": "At the end of 2009, the results of a survey conducted by the Ministry of Health of China showed that only 6.48% of the people had overall health quality, of which only 4.66% had the literacy of chronic disease prevention. This shows that the national awareness of the disease is still very poor. Only when the national quality is fundamentally improved, the fallacies of Li Yi and Zhang Wuben will not have so many people blindly follow.", "question": "Which of the following conclusions can be inferred from the above statement?", "options": ["The lack of awareness of the disease is one of the manifestations that the national quality needs to be fundamentally improved.", "If the quality of the national awareness cannot be fundamentally improved, many people will blindly follow the fallacies of Li Yi and others.", "The lack of basic medical knowledge is the root cause of the repeated success of quack doctors.", "Only when the people raise their awareness of the disease can their health be guaranteed."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}

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