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/wiki/Steve_Phillips_(footballer,_born_1978)#P54#1
|
Which team did Steve Phillips (footballer, born 1978) play for in Sep 2006?
|
Steve Phillips ( footballer , born 1978 ) Steven John Phillips ( born 6 May 1978 in Bath , Somerset ) is an English football goalkeeper , who was most recently goalkeeping coach at Yeovil Town . Career . The West Country goalkeeper began his career playing for Coleford Athletic under 13s , he then moved into Non-League football with Paulton Rovers and then earned a big move to Bristol City where he went on to play 250 league appearances for the Ashton Gate outfit . However , after an alleged falling out with City boss Gary Johnson he was replaced from the first team by Adriano Basso early into the 2005–06 season . Despite being in his testimonial season Phillips never figured regularly again for City . In the summer of 2006 , Phillips moved across the city to bitter rivals Bristol Rovers F.C . This was after Phillips made a come and get me plea to Swindon Town manager Dennis Wise through ex-City teammate Lee Peacock . Wise chose to pursue Petr Brezovan instead . Phillips took over the number one jersey at Bristol Rovers , taking over from Scott Shearer and helped Rovers secure a play-off spot in the 2006/07 season with Phillips earning praise , and winning Player of the Year . Phillips won League Twos player of the month for November after not conceding any league goals during that month . He also won the Football Leagues Golden Glove competition after keeping the most clean sheets for the 2006–07 season . Steve was in Turkey hoping to sign a contract with Turkish Super League Division Three team Ankara Demirspor . There was also interest from Turkish side Ankaragücü who already have English influences with former Manchester City striker Darius Vassell and former Luton Town winger Ian Henderson on their books . However , a contract was rejected from both teams , and he has returned to Rovers . On 26 August 2009 , Phillips signed for Shrewsbury Town on a one-month loan deal , which was soon extended . In November 2009 , he joined League 2 side Crewe on a two-month loan with a view to make the move permanent . Phillips made his Crewe Alexandra debut against Morecambe in a 2–1 home loss . On 6 January 2010 , Phillips extended his loan with Crewe until the end of the season . He established himself as number one , but missed the last three games of the season through a shoulder injury . Along with 14 other players , he was released by Rovers at the end of the 2009–10 season , and , after his successful loan period , he was signed by Crewe . He quickly established himself in the Alex team and was part of the 2011–12 side promoted to League One . In an effort to keep hold of his first choice goalkeeper , Crewe manager Steve Davis offered Phillips a player/coach role in 2012 . After losing his first team place to youngster Ben Garratt , Phillips left the club at the end of the 2013–14 season to take up a coaching role with Shepton Mallet . He will also play non-league football with local club Nantwich Town . In June 2015 , he joined Bath City . In 2016 , he joined Mangotsfield United In September 2017 , Phillips joined League Two side Yeovil Town as interim goalkeeping coach following the departure of Sam Shulberg . Honours . - Bristol City - Football League Trophy winner 2003 - Bristol Rovers - Football League Trophy runner up 2007 - Football League Two play-off winner 2007 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Two play-off Final winner 2012 - Football League Trophy winner 2013 External links . - Steve Phillips at aylesburyunitedfc.co.uk - Bristol Rovers Supporters Club Player of the Yea
|
[
"Bristol Rovers"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven John Phillips ( born 6 May 1978 in Bath , Somerset ) is an English football goalkeeper , who was most recently goalkeeping coach at Yeovil Town .",
"title": "Steve Phillips ( footballer , born 1978 )"
},
{
"text": " The West Country goalkeeper began his career playing for Coleford Athletic under 13s , he then moved into Non-League football with Paulton Rovers and then earned a big move to Bristol City where he went on to play 250 league appearances for the Ashton Gate outfit . However , after an alleged falling out with City boss Gary Johnson he was replaced from the first team by Adriano Basso early into the 2005–06 season . Despite being in his testimonial season Phillips never figured regularly again for City .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In the summer of 2006 , Phillips moved across the city to bitter rivals Bristol Rovers F.C . This was after Phillips made a come and get me plea to Swindon Town manager Dennis Wise through ex-City teammate Lee Peacock . Wise chose to pursue Petr Brezovan instead .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Phillips took over the number one jersey at Bristol Rovers , taking over from Scott Shearer and helped Rovers secure a play-off spot in the 2006/07 season with Phillips earning praise , and winning Player of the Year . Phillips won League Twos player of the month for November after not conceding any league goals during that month . He also won the Football Leagues Golden Glove competition after keeping the most clean sheets for the 2006–07 season .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Steve was in Turkey hoping to sign a contract with Turkish Super League Division Three team Ankara Demirspor . There was also interest from Turkish side Ankaragücü who already have English influences with former Manchester City striker Darius Vassell and former Luton Town winger Ian Henderson on their books . However , a contract was rejected from both teams , and he has returned to Rovers .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " On 26 August 2009 , Phillips signed for Shrewsbury Town on a one-month loan deal , which was soon extended . In November 2009 , he joined League 2 side Crewe on a two-month loan with a view to make the move permanent . Phillips made his Crewe Alexandra debut against Morecambe in a 2–1 home loss . On 6 January 2010 , Phillips extended his loan with Crewe until the end of the season . He established himself as number one , but missed the last three games of the season through a shoulder injury .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Along with 14 other players , he was released by Rovers at the end of the 2009–10 season , and , after his successful loan period , he was signed by Crewe . He quickly established himself in the Alex team and was part of the 2011–12 side promoted to League One . In an effort to keep hold of his first choice goalkeeper , Crewe manager Steve Davis offered Phillips a player/coach role in 2012 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After losing his first team place to youngster Ben Garratt , Phillips left the club at the end of the 2013–14 season to take up a coaching role with Shepton Mallet . He will also play non-league football with local club Nantwich Town . In June 2015 , he joined Bath City . In 2016 , he joined Mangotsfield United In September 2017 , Phillips joined League Two side Yeovil Town as interim goalkeeping coach following the departure of Sam Shulberg .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " - Bristol City - Football League Trophy winner 2003 - Bristol Rovers - Football League Trophy runner up 2007 - Football League Two play-off winner 2007 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Two play-off Final winner 2012 - Football League Trophy winner 2013",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Steve Phillips at aylesburyunitedfc.co.uk - Bristol Rovers Supporters Club Player of the Yea",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steve_Phillips_(footballer,_born_1978)#P54#2
|
Which team did Steve Phillips (footballer, born 1978) play for between Jun 2009 and Jul 2009?
|
Steve Phillips ( footballer , born 1978 ) Steven John Phillips ( born 6 May 1978 in Bath , Somerset ) is an English football goalkeeper , who was most recently goalkeeping coach at Yeovil Town . Career . The West Country goalkeeper began his career playing for Coleford Athletic under 13s , he then moved into Non-League football with Paulton Rovers and then earned a big move to Bristol City where he went on to play 250 league appearances for the Ashton Gate outfit . However , after an alleged falling out with City boss Gary Johnson he was replaced from the first team by Adriano Basso early into the 2005–06 season . Despite being in his testimonial season Phillips never figured regularly again for City . In the summer of 2006 , Phillips moved across the city to bitter rivals Bristol Rovers F.C . This was after Phillips made a come and get me plea to Swindon Town manager Dennis Wise through ex-City teammate Lee Peacock . Wise chose to pursue Petr Brezovan instead . Phillips took over the number one jersey at Bristol Rovers , taking over from Scott Shearer and helped Rovers secure a play-off spot in the 2006/07 season with Phillips earning praise , and winning Player of the Year . Phillips won League Twos player of the month for November after not conceding any league goals during that month . He also won the Football Leagues Golden Glove competition after keeping the most clean sheets for the 2006–07 season . Steve was in Turkey hoping to sign a contract with Turkish Super League Division Three team Ankara Demirspor . There was also interest from Turkish side Ankaragücü who already have English influences with former Manchester City striker Darius Vassell and former Luton Town winger Ian Henderson on their books . However , a contract was rejected from both teams , and he has returned to Rovers . On 26 August 2009 , Phillips signed for Shrewsbury Town on a one-month loan deal , which was soon extended . In November 2009 , he joined League 2 side Crewe on a two-month loan with a view to make the move permanent . Phillips made his Crewe Alexandra debut against Morecambe in a 2–1 home loss . On 6 January 2010 , Phillips extended his loan with Crewe until the end of the season . He established himself as number one , but missed the last three games of the season through a shoulder injury . Along with 14 other players , he was released by Rovers at the end of the 2009–10 season , and , after his successful loan period , he was signed by Crewe . He quickly established himself in the Alex team and was part of the 2011–12 side promoted to League One . In an effort to keep hold of his first choice goalkeeper , Crewe manager Steve Davis offered Phillips a player/coach role in 2012 . After losing his first team place to youngster Ben Garratt , Phillips left the club at the end of the 2013–14 season to take up a coaching role with Shepton Mallet . He will also play non-league football with local club Nantwich Town . In June 2015 , he joined Bath City . In 2016 , he joined Mangotsfield United In September 2017 , Phillips joined League Two side Yeovil Town as interim goalkeeping coach following the departure of Sam Shulberg . Honours . - Bristol City - Football League Trophy winner 2003 - Bristol Rovers - Football League Trophy runner up 2007 - Football League Two play-off winner 2007 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Two play-off Final winner 2012 - Football League Trophy winner 2013 External links . - Steve Phillips at aylesburyunitedfc.co.uk - Bristol Rovers Supporters Club Player of the Yea
|
[
"Crewe Alexandra",
"Bristol Rovers"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven John Phillips ( born 6 May 1978 in Bath , Somerset ) is an English football goalkeeper , who was most recently goalkeeping coach at Yeovil Town .",
"title": "Steve Phillips ( footballer , born 1978 )"
},
{
"text": " The West Country goalkeeper began his career playing for Coleford Athletic under 13s , he then moved into Non-League football with Paulton Rovers and then earned a big move to Bristol City where he went on to play 250 league appearances for the Ashton Gate outfit . However , after an alleged falling out with City boss Gary Johnson he was replaced from the first team by Adriano Basso early into the 2005–06 season . Despite being in his testimonial season Phillips never figured regularly again for City .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In the summer of 2006 , Phillips moved across the city to bitter rivals Bristol Rovers F.C . This was after Phillips made a come and get me plea to Swindon Town manager Dennis Wise through ex-City teammate Lee Peacock . Wise chose to pursue Petr Brezovan instead .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Phillips took over the number one jersey at Bristol Rovers , taking over from Scott Shearer and helped Rovers secure a play-off spot in the 2006/07 season with Phillips earning praise , and winning Player of the Year . Phillips won League Twos player of the month for November after not conceding any league goals during that month . He also won the Football Leagues Golden Glove competition after keeping the most clean sheets for the 2006–07 season .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Steve was in Turkey hoping to sign a contract with Turkish Super League Division Three team Ankara Demirspor . There was also interest from Turkish side Ankaragücü who already have English influences with former Manchester City striker Darius Vassell and former Luton Town winger Ian Henderson on their books . However , a contract was rejected from both teams , and he has returned to Rovers .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " On 26 August 2009 , Phillips signed for Shrewsbury Town on a one-month loan deal , which was soon extended . In November 2009 , he joined League 2 side Crewe on a two-month loan with a view to make the move permanent . Phillips made his Crewe Alexandra debut against Morecambe in a 2–1 home loss . On 6 January 2010 , Phillips extended his loan with Crewe until the end of the season . He established himself as number one , but missed the last three games of the season through a shoulder injury .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Along with 14 other players , he was released by Rovers at the end of the 2009–10 season , and , after his successful loan period , he was signed by Crewe . He quickly established himself in the Alex team and was part of the 2011–12 side promoted to League One . In an effort to keep hold of his first choice goalkeeper , Crewe manager Steve Davis offered Phillips a player/coach role in 2012 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After losing his first team place to youngster Ben Garratt , Phillips left the club at the end of the 2013–14 season to take up a coaching role with Shepton Mallet . He will also play non-league football with local club Nantwich Town . In June 2015 , he joined Bath City . In 2016 , he joined Mangotsfield United In September 2017 , Phillips joined League Two side Yeovil Town as interim goalkeeping coach following the departure of Sam Shulberg .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " - Bristol City - Football League Trophy winner 2003 - Bristol Rovers - Football League Trophy runner up 2007 - Football League Two play-off winner 2007 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Two play-off Final winner 2012 - Football League Trophy winner 2013",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Steve Phillips at aylesburyunitedfc.co.uk - Bristol Rovers Supporters Club Player of the Yea",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steve_Phillips_(footballer,_born_1978)#P54#3
|
Which team did Steve Phillips (footballer, born 1978) play for between Apr 2011 and Nov 2012?
|
Steve Phillips ( footballer , born 1978 ) Steven John Phillips ( born 6 May 1978 in Bath , Somerset ) is an English football goalkeeper , who was most recently goalkeeping coach at Yeovil Town . Career . The West Country goalkeeper began his career playing for Coleford Athletic under 13s , he then moved into Non-League football with Paulton Rovers and then earned a big move to Bristol City where he went on to play 250 league appearances for the Ashton Gate outfit . However , after an alleged falling out with City boss Gary Johnson he was replaced from the first team by Adriano Basso early into the 2005–06 season . Despite being in his testimonial season Phillips never figured regularly again for City . In the summer of 2006 , Phillips moved across the city to bitter rivals Bristol Rovers F.C . This was after Phillips made a come and get me plea to Swindon Town manager Dennis Wise through ex-City teammate Lee Peacock . Wise chose to pursue Petr Brezovan instead . Phillips took over the number one jersey at Bristol Rovers , taking over from Scott Shearer and helped Rovers secure a play-off spot in the 2006/07 season with Phillips earning praise , and winning Player of the Year . Phillips won League Twos player of the month for November after not conceding any league goals during that month . He also won the Football Leagues Golden Glove competition after keeping the most clean sheets for the 2006–07 season . Steve was in Turkey hoping to sign a contract with Turkish Super League Division Three team Ankara Demirspor . There was also interest from Turkish side Ankaragücü who already have English influences with former Manchester City striker Darius Vassell and former Luton Town winger Ian Henderson on their books . However , a contract was rejected from both teams , and he has returned to Rovers . On 26 August 2009 , Phillips signed for Shrewsbury Town on a one-month loan deal , which was soon extended . In November 2009 , he joined League 2 side Crewe on a two-month loan with a view to make the move permanent . Phillips made his Crewe Alexandra debut against Morecambe in a 2–1 home loss . On 6 January 2010 , Phillips extended his loan with Crewe until the end of the season . He established himself as number one , but missed the last three games of the season through a shoulder injury . Along with 14 other players , he was released by Rovers at the end of the 2009–10 season , and , after his successful loan period , he was signed by Crewe . He quickly established himself in the Alex team and was part of the 2011–12 side promoted to League One . In an effort to keep hold of his first choice goalkeeper , Crewe manager Steve Davis offered Phillips a player/coach role in 2012 . After losing his first team place to youngster Ben Garratt , Phillips left the club at the end of the 2013–14 season to take up a coaching role with Shepton Mallet . He will also play non-league football with local club Nantwich Town . In June 2015 , he joined Bath City . In 2016 , he joined Mangotsfield United In September 2017 , Phillips joined League Two side Yeovil Town as interim goalkeeping coach following the departure of Sam Shulberg . Honours . - Bristol City - Football League Trophy winner 2003 - Bristol Rovers - Football League Trophy runner up 2007 - Football League Two play-off winner 2007 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Two play-off Final winner 2012 - Football League Trophy winner 2013 External links . - Steve Phillips at aylesburyunitedfc.co.uk - Bristol Rovers Supporters Club Player of the Yea
|
[
"Crewe Alexandra"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven John Phillips ( born 6 May 1978 in Bath , Somerset ) is an English football goalkeeper , who was most recently goalkeeping coach at Yeovil Town .",
"title": "Steve Phillips ( footballer , born 1978 )"
},
{
"text": " The West Country goalkeeper began his career playing for Coleford Athletic under 13s , he then moved into Non-League football with Paulton Rovers and then earned a big move to Bristol City where he went on to play 250 league appearances for the Ashton Gate outfit . However , after an alleged falling out with City boss Gary Johnson he was replaced from the first team by Adriano Basso early into the 2005–06 season . Despite being in his testimonial season Phillips never figured regularly again for City .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In the summer of 2006 , Phillips moved across the city to bitter rivals Bristol Rovers F.C . This was after Phillips made a come and get me plea to Swindon Town manager Dennis Wise through ex-City teammate Lee Peacock . Wise chose to pursue Petr Brezovan instead .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Phillips took over the number one jersey at Bristol Rovers , taking over from Scott Shearer and helped Rovers secure a play-off spot in the 2006/07 season with Phillips earning praise , and winning Player of the Year . Phillips won League Twos player of the month for November after not conceding any league goals during that month . He also won the Football Leagues Golden Glove competition after keeping the most clean sheets for the 2006–07 season .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Steve was in Turkey hoping to sign a contract with Turkish Super League Division Three team Ankara Demirspor . There was also interest from Turkish side Ankaragücü who already have English influences with former Manchester City striker Darius Vassell and former Luton Town winger Ian Henderson on their books . However , a contract was rejected from both teams , and he has returned to Rovers .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " On 26 August 2009 , Phillips signed for Shrewsbury Town on a one-month loan deal , which was soon extended . In November 2009 , he joined League 2 side Crewe on a two-month loan with a view to make the move permanent . Phillips made his Crewe Alexandra debut against Morecambe in a 2–1 home loss . On 6 January 2010 , Phillips extended his loan with Crewe until the end of the season . He established himself as number one , but missed the last three games of the season through a shoulder injury .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Along with 14 other players , he was released by Rovers at the end of the 2009–10 season , and , after his successful loan period , he was signed by Crewe . He quickly established himself in the Alex team and was part of the 2011–12 side promoted to League One . In an effort to keep hold of his first choice goalkeeper , Crewe manager Steve Davis offered Phillips a player/coach role in 2012 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After losing his first team place to youngster Ben Garratt , Phillips left the club at the end of the 2013–14 season to take up a coaching role with Shepton Mallet . He will also play non-league football with local club Nantwich Town . In June 2015 , he joined Bath City . In 2016 , he joined Mangotsfield United In September 2017 , Phillips joined League Two side Yeovil Town as interim goalkeeping coach following the departure of Sam Shulberg .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " - Bristol City - Football League Trophy winner 2003 - Bristol Rovers - Football League Trophy runner up 2007 - Football League Two play-off winner 2007 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Two play-off Final winner 2012 - Football League Trophy winner 2013",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Steve Phillips at aylesburyunitedfc.co.uk - Bristol Rovers Supporters Club Player of the Yea",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steve_Phillips_(footballer,_born_1978)#P54#4
|
Which team did Steve Phillips (footballer, born 1978) play for in May 2014?
|
Steve Phillips ( footballer , born 1978 ) Steven John Phillips ( born 6 May 1978 in Bath , Somerset ) is an English football goalkeeper , who was most recently goalkeeping coach at Yeovil Town . Career . The West Country goalkeeper began his career playing for Coleford Athletic under 13s , he then moved into Non-League football with Paulton Rovers and then earned a big move to Bristol City where he went on to play 250 league appearances for the Ashton Gate outfit . However , after an alleged falling out with City boss Gary Johnson he was replaced from the first team by Adriano Basso early into the 2005–06 season . Despite being in his testimonial season Phillips never figured regularly again for City . In the summer of 2006 , Phillips moved across the city to bitter rivals Bristol Rovers F.C . This was after Phillips made a come and get me plea to Swindon Town manager Dennis Wise through ex-City teammate Lee Peacock . Wise chose to pursue Petr Brezovan instead . Phillips took over the number one jersey at Bristol Rovers , taking over from Scott Shearer and helped Rovers secure a play-off spot in the 2006/07 season with Phillips earning praise , and winning Player of the Year . Phillips won League Twos player of the month for November after not conceding any league goals during that month . He also won the Football Leagues Golden Glove competition after keeping the most clean sheets for the 2006–07 season . Steve was in Turkey hoping to sign a contract with Turkish Super League Division Three team Ankara Demirspor . There was also interest from Turkish side Ankaragücü who already have English influences with former Manchester City striker Darius Vassell and former Luton Town winger Ian Henderson on their books . However , a contract was rejected from both teams , and he has returned to Rovers . On 26 August 2009 , Phillips signed for Shrewsbury Town on a one-month loan deal , which was soon extended . In November 2009 , he joined League 2 side Crewe on a two-month loan with a view to make the move permanent . Phillips made his Crewe Alexandra debut against Morecambe in a 2–1 home loss . On 6 January 2010 , Phillips extended his loan with Crewe until the end of the season . He established himself as number one , but missed the last three games of the season through a shoulder injury . Along with 14 other players , he was released by Rovers at the end of the 2009–10 season , and , after his successful loan period , he was signed by Crewe . He quickly established himself in the Alex team and was part of the 2011–12 side promoted to League One . In an effort to keep hold of his first choice goalkeeper , Crewe manager Steve Davis offered Phillips a player/coach role in 2012 . After losing his first team place to youngster Ben Garratt , Phillips left the club at the end of the 2013–14 season to take up a coaching role with Shepton Mallet . He will also play non-league football with local club Nantwich Town . In June 2015 , he joined Bath City . In 2016 , he joined Mangotsfield United In September 2017 , Phillips joined League Two side Yeovil Town as interim goalkeeping coach following the departure of Sam Shulberg . Honours . - Bristol City - Football League Trophy winner 2003 - Bristol Rovers - Football League Trophy runner up 2007 - Football League Two play-off winner 2007 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Two play-off Final winner 2012 - Football League Trophy winner 2013 External links . - Steve Phillips at aylesburyunitedfc.co.uk - Bristol Rovers Supporters Club Player of the Yea
|
[
"Shepton Mallet"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven John Phillips ( born 6 May 1978 in Bath , Somerset ) is an English football goalkeeper , who was most recently goalkeeping coach at Yeovil Town .",
"title": "Steve Phillips ( footballer , born 1978 )"
},
{
"text": " The West Country goalkeeper began his career playing for Coleford Athletic under 13s , he then moved into Non-League football with Paulton Rovers and then earned a big move to Bristol City where he went on to play 250 league appearances for the Ashton Gate outfit . However , after an alleged falling out with City boss Gary Johnson he was replaced from the first team by Adriano Basso early into the 2005–06 season . Despite being in his testimonial season Phillips never figured regularly again for City .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In the summer of 2006 , Phillips moved across the city to bitter rivals Bristol Rovers F.C . This was after Phillips made a come and get me plea to Swindon Town manager Dennis Wise through ex-City teammate Lee Peacock . Wise chose to pursue Petr Brezovan instead .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Phillips took over the number one jersey at Bristol Rovers , taking over from Scott Shearer and helped Rovers secure a play-off spot in the 2006/07 season with Phillips earning praise , and winning Player of the Year . Phillips won League Twos player of the month for November after not conceding any league goals during that month . He also won the Football Leagues Golden Glove competition after keeping the most clean sheets for the 2006–07 season .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Steve was in Turkey hoping to sign a contract with Turkish Super League Division Three team Ankara Demirspor . There was also interest from Turkish side Ankaragücü who already have English influences with former Manchester City striker Darius Vassell and former Luton Town winger Ian Henderson on their books . However , a contract was rejected from both teams , and he has returned to Rovers .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " On 26 August 2009 , Phillips signed for Shrewsbury Town on a one-month loan deal , which was soon extended . In November 2009 , he joined League 2 side Crewe on a two-month loan with a view to make the move permanent . Phillips made his Crewe Alexandra debut against Morecambe in a 2–1 home loss . On 6 January 2010 , Phillips extended his loan with Crewe until the end of the season . He established himself as number one , but missed the last three games of the season through a shoulder injury .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Along with 14 other players , he was released by Rovers at the end of the 2009–10 season , and , after his successful loan period , he was signed by Crewe . He quickly established himself in the Alex team and was part of the 2011–12 side promoted to League One . In an effort to keep hold of his first choice goalkeeper , Crewe manager Steve Davis offered Phillips a player/coach role in 2012 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After losing his first team place to youngster Ben Garratt , Phillips left the club at the end of the 2013–14 season to take up a coaching role with Shepton Mallet . He will also play non-league football with local club Nantwich Town . In June 2015 , he joined Bath City . In 2016 , he joined Mangotsfield United In September 2017 , Phillips joined League Two side Yeovil Town as interim goalkeeping coach following the departure of Sam Shulberg .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " - Bristol City - Football League Trophy winner 2003 - Bristol Rovers - Football League Trophy runner up 2007 - Football League Two play-off winner 2007 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Two play-off Final winner 2012 - Football League Trophy winner 2013",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Steve Phillips at aylesburyunitedfc.co.uk - Bristol Rovers Supporters Club Player of the Yea",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steve_Phillips_(footballer,_born_1978)#P54#5
|
Which team did Steve Phillips (footballer, born 1978) play for after Apr 2015?
|
Steve Phillips ( footballer , born 1978 ) Steven John Phillips ( born 6 May 1978 in Bath , Somerset ) is an English football goalkeeper , who was most recently goalkeeping coach at Yeovil Town . Career . The West Country goalkeeper began his career playing for Coleford Athletic under 13s , he then moved into Non-League football with Paulton Rovers and then earned a big move to Bristol City where he went on to play 250 league appearances for the Ashton Gate outfit . However , after an alleged falling out with City boss Gary Johnson he was replaced from the first team by Adriano Basso early into the 2005–06 season . Despite being in his testimonial season Phillips never figured regularly again for City . In the summer of 2006 , Phillips moved across the city to bitter rivals Bristol Rovers F.C . This was after Phillips made a come and get me plea to Swindon Town manager Dennis Wise through ex-City teammate Lee Peacock . Wise chose to pursue Petr Brezovan instead . Phillips took over the number one jersey at Bristol Rovers , taking over from Scott Shearer and helped Rovers secure a play-off spot in the 2006/07 season with Phillips earning praise , and winning Player of the Year . Phillips won League Twos player of the month for November after not conceding any league goals during that month . He also won the Football Leagues Golden Glove competition after keeping the most clean sheets for the 2006–07 season . Steve was in Turkey hoping to sign a contract with Turkish Super League Division Three team Ankara Demirspor . There was also interest from Turkish side Ankaragücü who already have English influences with former Manchester City striker Darius Vassell and former Luton Town winger Ian Henderson on their books . However , a contract was rejected from both teams , and he has returned to Rovers . On 26 August 2009 , Phillips signed for Shrewsbury Town on a one-month loan deal , which was soon extended . In November 2009 , he joined League 2 side Crewe on a two-month loan with a view to make the move permanent . Phillips made his Crewe Alexandra debut against Morecambe in a 2–1 home loss . On 6 January 2010 , Phillips extended his loan with Crewe until the end of the season . He established himself as number one , but missed the last three games of the season through a shoulder injury . Along with 14 other players , he was released by Rovers at the end of the 2009–10 season , and , after his successful loan period , he was signed by Crewe . He quickly established himself in the Alex team and was part of the 2011–12 side promoted to League One . In an effort to keep hold of his first choice goalkeeper , Crewe manager Steve Davis offered Phillips a player/coach role in 2012 . After losing his first team place to youngster Ben Garratt , Phillips left the club at the end of the 2013–14 season to take up a coaching role with Shepton Mallet . He will also play non-league football with local club Nantwich Town . In June 2015 , he joined Bath City . In 2016 , he joined Mangotsfield United In September 2017 , Phillips joined League Two side Yeovil Town as interim goalkeeping coach following the departure of Sam Shulberg . Honours . - Bristol City - Football League Trophy winner 2003 - Bristol Rovers - Football League Trophy runner up 2007 - Football League Two play-off winner 2007 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Two play-off Final winner 2012 - Football League Trophy winner 2013 External links . - Steve Phillips at aylesburyunitedfc.co.uk - Bristol Rovers Supporters Club Player of the Yea
|
[
"Bath City"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven John Phillips ( born 6 May 1978 in Bath , Somerset ) is an English football goalkeeper , who was most recently goalkeeping coach at Yeovil Town .",
"title": "Steve Phillips ( footballer , born 1978 )"
},
{
"text": " The West Country goalkeeper began his career playing for Coleford Athletic under 13s , he then moved into Non-League football with Paulton Rovers and then earned a big move to Bristol City where he went on to play 250 league appearances for the Ashton Gate outfit . However , after an alleged falling out with City boss Gary Johnson he was replaced from the first team by Adriano Basso early into the 2005–06 season . Despite being in his testimonial season Phillips never figured regularly again for City .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In the summer of 2006 , Phillips moved across the city to bitter rivals Bristol Rovers F.C . This was after Phillips made a come and get me plea to Swindon Town manager Dennis Wise through ex-City teammate Lee Peacock . Wise chose to pursue Petr Brezovan instead .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Phillips took over the number one jersey at Bristol Rovers , taking over from Scott Shearer and helped Rovers secure a play-off spot in the 2006/07 season with Phillips earning praise , and winning Player of the Year . Phillips won League Twos player of the month for November after not conceding any league goals during that month . He also won the Football Leagues Golden Glove competition after keeping the most clean sheets for the 2006–07 season .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Steve was in Turkey hoping to sign a contract with Turkish Super League Division Three team Ankara Demirspor . There was also interest from Turkish side Ankaragücü who already have English influences with former Manchester City striker Darius Vassell and former Luton Town winger Ian Henderson on their books . However , a contract was rejected from both teams , and he has returned to Rovers .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " On 26 August 2009 , Phillips signed for Shrewsbury Town on a one-month loan deal , which was soon extended . In November 2009 , he joined League 2 side Crewe on a two-month loan with a view to make the move permanent . Phillips made his Crewe Alexandra debut against Morecambe in a 2–1 home loss . On 6 January 2010 , Phillips extended his loan with Crewe until the end of the season . He established himself as number one , but missed the last three games of the season through a shoulder injury .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Along with 14 other players , he was released by Rovers at the end of the 2009–10 season , and , after his successful loan period , he was signed by Crewe . He quickly established himself in the Alex team and was part of the 2011–12 side promoted to League One . In an effort to keep hold of his first choice goalkeeper , Crewe manager Steve Davis offered Phillips a player/coach role in 2012 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " After losing his first team place to youngster Ben Garratt , Phillips left the club at the end of the 2013–14 season to take up a coaching role with Shepton Mallet . He will also play non-league football with local club Nantwich Town . In June 2015 , he joined Bath City . In 2016 , he joined Mangotsfield United In September 2017 , Phillips joined League Two side Yeovil Town as interim goalkeeping coach following the departure of Sam Shulberg .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " - Bristol City - Football League Trophy winner 2003 - Bristol Rovers - Football League Trophy runner up 2007 - Football League Two play-off winner 2007 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Two play-off Final winner 2012 - Football League Trophy winner 2013",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Steve Phillips at aylesburyunitedfc.co.uk - Bristol Rovers Supporters Club Player of the Yea",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Danny_Mayor#P54#0
|
Danny Mayor played for which team between Aug 2008 and Aug 2009?
|
Danny Mayor Daniel John Mayor ( born 18 October 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for club Plymouth Argyle . He has played in the English Football League for Tranmere Rovers , Preston North End , Southend United and Bury . Early life . Mayor was born in Leyland , Lancashire . Career . Preston North End . According to then manager Gary Peters , he revealed that Mayor joined Preston North End at age nine for £40 after his parents enrolled him to do the clubs Centre of Excellence and was given free bottle of milk and a season ticket for coming to the school . He went on to come through Preston North Ends youth ranks . On 15 December 2008 he was given his first professional two-and-a-half-year contract with fellow youngster , Adam Barton . On 5 March 2009 , he joined Tranmere Rovers on a one-month loan deal . Tranmere manager Ronnie Moore was reported to say : He is a hard working winger with the ability to go past people and has a trick up his sleeve . Two days later , on 7 March 2009 , he was handed his League One debut against Northampton Town , where he set up a goal for Bas Savage . After the match , Manager Moore praised Mayor performance , citing he direct , took people on and played a great ball in for the goal . After making three appearances , Mayor returned to Preston , where manager Alan Irvine believed that the loan move to Tranmere Rovers made him grow up , due to giving him more confidence . Mayor made his debut for Preston North End on 16 January 2010 against Bristol City . He came on as a substitute in the 70th minute for Richard Chaplow . Preston lost the match 4–2 . It was Darren Fergusons debut as Preston manager . Due to Ferguson started to use youngsters in the first team , He was handed his full home debut in a game against Scunthorpe United on 10 April 2010 , a game which Preston won 3–2 . At the start of 2010–11 season , Mayor signed a two-year contract that will keep him until 2013 . After making 21 league appearance in the 2010–11 season , which resulted the relegation to League One , Mayor scored his first League goal for Preston against his old club Tranmere Rovers on 26 September 2011 . His next goal came against Hartlepool United , which went on to win the goal of the season for the clubs 2011–12 season and also went on to be awarded the Young Player of the Year . The 2011–12 season proved to be a breakthrough for Mayor , as he made a very impressive displays and become the fan favourite . Mayor allegedly told manager Graham Westley before the 2012/13 season that he would like to play at a higher level , with teammate Jamie Proctor making the same statement , despite the pair both being contracted to the club and part of the managers plans . As a result of wanting to leave , Preston chairman Peter Ridsdale was unsure towards the Mayor and Proctor . Sheffield Wednesday . After being unsettled at the club , Mayor was linked with a move to Blackpool , before a bid for Mayor from Championship side Sheffield Wednesday was accepted , with Manager Dave Jones stating that he would be a good addition . One day later , Mayor joined the club for an undisclosed fee on a three-year contract . Mayor made his debut on 1 September 2012 for the club , coming on as a substitute in the 84th minutes , in a 2–1 loss against Crystal Palace . He soon have his first team opportunities become limited since joining the club . He joined Southend United on an initial 28-day loan deal on Tuesday 12 February 2013 , going straight into the first team to play against Cheltenham Town that night . The move occurred when the club needed a replacement for Michael Timlin , who was ruled out for the entire season . After making five appearances , Mayors loan spell with Southend United came to an end . Bury . Ahead of the 2013–14 season , Mayor joined Bury on a season-long loan , which kept him until the end of the 2013–14 season . He made his debut , coming on as a substitute , in a 2–0 loss against Chesterfield in the opening game of the season . Four weeks later , on 31 August 2013 , Mayor scored his first goal from a 30-yard strike , in a 4–1 win over Cheltenham Town before setting up the fourth goal . Since scoring his first goal , Mayor began establishing himself as a first team regular . Mayor struggled to score further goals until scoring his second goal of the season , in a 3–0 win over Hartlepool United on 1 January 2014 . He went on to make 42 appearance in all competitions , scoring five times . At the end of the next season , Bury named Mayor as the Players Player of the Season as part of End of Season Awards Dinner at the Village Hotel . It was also confirmed an Undisclosed Fee had been agreed with Sheffield Wednesday for his services , Mayor signed a three-year deal with Bury after the move was announced by the clubs chairman , Stewart Day , who surprised fans at the End of Season Awards Dinner . Upon the move , Manager David Flitcroft believed Mayor had the experience of playing with Championship quality . Mayors first game after signing for the club on a permanent basis came in the opening game of the season , a 1–0 loss against Cheltenham Town . Mayors next goal came three weeks later , in a 2–1 win over Accrington Stanley . Mayor later scored two goals in two games to add his third and fourth goal between 11 October 2014 and 18 October 2014 against Wimbledon and Portsmouth Mayor did the same thing again when he scored later scored two goals in two games to add his fifth and sixth goal between 26 December 2014 and 28 December 2014 against Northampton Town and Mansfield Town . Mayor finished the season with eight league goals ( eight overall ) , for which he was awarded as League Two Player of the Year and was also included in League Twos PFA Team of the Year . Plymouth Argyle . Mayor signed for newly relegated League Two club Plymouth Argyle on 1 July 2019 on a contract of undisclosed length . Mayor recorded an assist on his debut against Crewe as Argyle won their first game of the 2019/20 season . Honours . Bury - Football League/EFL League Two runner-up : 2018–19 ; third-place promotion : 2014–15 Individual - PFA Team of the Year : 2014–15 League Two - Football League Two Player of the Year : 2014–15 External links . - Profile at the Plymouth Argyle F.C . website - Danny Mayor at My Football Data
|
[
"Preston North End"
] |
[
{
"text": " Daniel John Mayor ( born 18 October 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for club Plymouth Argyle . He has played in the English Football League for Tranmere Rovers , Preston North End , Southend United and Bury .",
"title": "Danny Mayor"
},
{
"text": " According to then manager Gary Peters , he revealed that Mayor joined Preston North End at age nine for £40 after his parents enrolled him to do the clubs Centre of Excellence and was given free bottle of milk and a season ticket for coming to the school . He went on to come through Preston North Ends youth ranks . On 15 December 2008 he was given his first professional two-and-a-half-year contract with fellow youngster , Adam Barton .",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": "On 5 March 2009 , he joined Tranmere Rovers on a one-month loan deal . Tranmere manager Ronnie Moore was reported to say : He is a hard working winger with the ability to go past people and has a trick up his sleeve . Two days later , on 7 March 2009 , he was handed his League One debut against Northampton Town , where he set up a goal for Bas Savage . After the match , Manager Moore praised Mayor performance , citing he direct , took people on and played a great ball in for the",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": "goal . After making three appearances , Mayor returned to Preston , where manager Alan Irvine believed that the loan move to Tranmere Rovers made him grow up , due to giving him more confidence .",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": "Mayor made his debut for Preston North End on 16 January 2010 against Bristol City . He came on as a substitute in the 70th minute for Richard Chaplow . Preston lost the match 4–2 . It was Darren Fergusons debut as Preston manager . Due to Ferguson started to use youngsters in the first team , He was handed his full home debut in a game against Scunthorpe United on 10 April 2010 , a game which Preston won 3–2 . At the start of 2010–11 season , Mayor signed a two-year contract that will keep him until 2013",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": " After making 21 league appearance in the 2010–11 season , which resulted the relegation to League One , Mayor scored his first League goal for Preston against his old club Tranmere Rovers on 26 September 2011 . His next goal came against Hartlepool United , which went on to win the goal of the season for the clubs 2011–12 season and also went on to be awarded the Young Player of the Year . The 2011–12 season proved to be a breakthrough for Mayor , as he made a very impressive displays and become the fan favourite .",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": "Mayor allegedly told manager Graham Westley before the 2012/13 season that he would like to play at a higher level , with teammate Jamie Proctor making the same statement , despite the pair both being contracted to the club and part of the managers plans . As a result of wanting to leave , Preston chairman Peter Ridsdale was unsure towards the Mayor and Proctor .",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": " After being unsettled at the club , Mayor was linked with a move to Blackpool , before a bid for Mayor from Championship side Sheffield Wednesday was accepted , with Manager Dave Jones stating that he would be a good addition . One day later , Mayor joined the club for an undisclosed fee on a three-year contract .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "Mayor made his debut on 1 September 2012 for the club , coming on as a substitute in the 84th minutes , in a 2–1 loss against Crystal Palace . He soon have his first team opportunities become limited since joining the club .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": " He joined Southend United on an initial 28-day loan deal on Tuesday 12 February 2013 , going straight into the first team to play against Cheltenham Town that night . The move occurred when the club needed a replacement for Michael Timlin , who was ruled out for the entire season . After making five appearances , Mayors loan spell with Southend United came to an end .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "Ahead of the 2013–14 season , Mayor joined Bury on a season-long loan , which kept him until the end of the 2013–14 season . He made his debut , coming on as a substitute , in a 2–0 loss against Chesterfield in the opening game of the season . Four weeks later , on 31 August 2013 , Mayor scored his first goal from a 30-yard strike , in a 4–1 win over Cheltenham Town before setting up the fourth goal . Since scoring his first goal , Mayor began establishing himself as a first team regular . Mayor",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "struggled to score further goals until scoring his second goal of the season , in a 3–0 win over Hartlepool United on 1 January 2014 . He went on to make 42 appearance in all competitions , scoring five times .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": " At the end of the next season , Bury named Mayor as the Players Player of the Season as part of End of Season Awards Dinner at the Village Hotel . It was also confirmed an Undisclosed Fee had been agreed with Sheffield Wednesday for his services , Mayor signed a three-year deal with Bury after the move was announced by the clubs chairman , Stewart Day , who surprised fans at the End of Season Awards Dinner . Upon the move , Manager David Flitcroft believed Mayor had the experience of playing with Championship quality .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "Mayors first game after signing for the club on a permanent basis came in the opening game of the season , a 1–0 loss against Cheltenham Town . Mayors next goal came three weeks later , in a 2–1 win over Accrington Stanley . Mayor later scored two goals in two games to add his third and fourth goal between 11 October 2014 and 18 October 2014 against Wimbledon and Portsmouth Mayor did the same thing again when he scored later scored two goals in two games to add his fifth and sixth goal between 26 December 2014 and 28",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "December 2014 against Northampton Town and Mansfield Town . Mayor finished the season with eight league goals ( eight overall ) , for which he was awarded as League Two Player of the Year and was also included in League Twos PFA Team of the Year .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": " Mayor signed for newly relegated League Two club Plymouth Argyle on 1 July 2019 on a contract of undisclosed length . Mayor recorded an assist on his debut against Crewe as Argyle won their first game of the 2019/20 season .",
"title": "Plymouth Argyle"
},
{
"text": " - PFA Team of the Year : 2014–15 League Two - Football League Two Player of the Year : 2014–15",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Profile at the Plymouth Argyle F.C . website - Danny Mayor at My Football Data",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Danny_Mayor#P54#1
|
Danny Mayor played for which team between Nov 2012 and Dec 2012?
|
Danny Mayor Daniel John Mayor ( born 18 October 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for club Plymouth Argyle . He has played in the English Football League for Tranmere Rovers , Preston North End , Southend United and Bury . Early life . Mayor was born in Leyland , Lancashire . Career . Preston North End . According to then manager Gary Peters , he revealed that Mayor joined Preston North End at age nine for £40 after his parents enrolled him to do the clubs Centre of Excellence and was given free bottle of milk and a season ticket for coming to the school . He went on to come through Preston North Ends youth ranks . On 15 December 2008 he was given his first professional two-and-a-half-year contract with fellow youngster , Adam Barton . On 5 March 2009 , he joined Tranmere Rovers on a one-month loan deal . Tranmere manager Ronnie Moore was reported to say : He is a hard working winger with the ability to go past people and has a trick up his sleeve . Two days later , on 7 March 2009 , he was handed his League One debut against Northampton Town , where he set up a goal for Bas Savage . After the match , Manager Moore praised Mayor performance , citing he direct , took people on and played a great ball in for the goal . After making three appearances , Mayor returned to Preston , where manager Alan Irvine believed that the loan move to Tranmere Rovers made him grow up , due to giving him more confidence . Mayor made his debut for Preston North End on 16 January 2010 against Bristol City . He came on as a substitute in the 70th minute for Richard Chaplow . Preston lost the match 4–2 . It was Darren Fergusons debut as Preston manager . Due to Ferguson started to use youngsters in the first team , He was handed his full home debut in a game against Scunthorpe United on 10 April 2010 , a game which Preston won 3–2 . At the start of 2010–11 season , Mayor signed a two-year contract that will keep him until 2013 . After making 21 league appearance in the 2010–11 season , which resulted the relegation to League One , Mayor scored his first League goal for Preston against his old club Tranmere Rovers on 26 September 2011 . His next goal came against Hartlepool United , which went on to win the goal of the season for the clubs 2011–12 season and also went on to be awarded the Young Player of the Year . The 2011–12 season proved to be a breakthrough for Mayor , as he made a very impressive displays and become the fan favourite . Mayor allegedly told manager Graham Westley before the 2012/13 season that he would like to play at a higher level , with teammate Jamie Proctor making the same statement , despite the pair both being contracted to the club and part of the managers plans . As a result of wanting to leave , Preston chairman Peter Ridsdale was unsure towards the Mayor and Proctor . Sheffield Wednesday . After being unsettled at the club , Mayor was linked with a move to Blackpool , before a bid for Mayor from Championship side Sheffield Wednesday was accepted , with Manager Dave Jones stating that he would be a good addition . One day later , Mayor joined the club for an undisclosed fee on a three-year contract . Mayor made his debut on 1 September 2012 for the club , coming on as a substitute in the 84th minutes , in a 2–1 loss against Crystal Palace . He soon have his first team opportunities become limited since joining the club . He joined Southend United on an initial 28-day loan deal on Tuesday 12 February 2013 , going straight into the first team to play against Cheltenham Town that night . The move occurred when the club needed a replacement for Michael Timlin , who was ruled out for the entire season . After making five appearances , Mayors loan spell with Southend United came to an end . Bury . Ahead of the 2013–14 season , Mayor joined Bury on a season-long loan , which kept him until the end of the 2013–14 season . He made his debut , coming on as a substitute , in a 2–0 loss against Chesterfield in the opening game of the season . Four weeks later , on 31 August 2013 , Mayor scored his first goal from a 30-yard strike , in a 4–1 win over Cheltenham Town before setting up the fourth goal . Since scoring his first goal , Mayor began establishing himself as a first team regular . Mayor struggled to score further goals until scoring his second goal of the season , in a 3–0 win over Hartlepool United on 1 January 2014 . He went on to make 42 appearance in all competitions , scoring five times . At the end of the next season , Bury named Mayor as the Players Player of the Season as part of End of Season Awards Dinner at the Village Hotel . It was also confirmed an Undisclosed Fee had been agreed with Sheffield Wednesday for his services , Mayor signed a three-year deal with Bury after the move was announced by the clubs chairman , Stewart Day , who surprised fans at the End of Season Awards Dinner . Upon the move , Manager David Flitcroft believed Mayor had the experience of playing with Championship quality . Mayors first game after signing for the club on a permanent basis came in the opening game of the season , a 1–0 loss against Cheltenham Town . Mayors next goal came three weeks later , in a 2–1 win over Accrington Stanley . Mayor later scored two goals in two games to add his third and fourth goal between 11 October 2014 and 18 October 2014 against Wimbledon and Portsmouth Mayor did the same thing again when he scored later scored two goals in two games to add his fifth and sixth goal between 26 December 2014 and 28 December 2014 against Northampton Town and Mansfield Town . Mayor finished the season with eight league goals ( eight overall ) , for which he was awarded as League Two Player of the Year and was also included in League Twos PFA Team of the Year . Plymouth Argyle . Mayor signed for newly relegated League Two club Plymouth Argyle on 1 July 2019 on a contract of undisclosed length . Mayor recorded an assist on his debut against Crewe as Argyle won their first game of the 2019/20 season . Honours . Bury - Football League/EFL League Two runner-up : 2018–19 ; third-place promotion : 2014–15 Individual - PFA Team of the Year : 2014–15 League Two - Football League Two Player of the Year : 2014–15 External links . - Profile at the Plymouth Argyle F.C . website - Danny Mayor at My Football Data
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Daniel John Mayor ( born 18 October 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for club Plymouth Argyle . He has played in the English Football League for Tranmere Rovers , Preston North End , Southend United and Bury .",
"title": "Danny Mayor"
},
{
"text": " According to then manager Gary Peters , he revealed that Mayor joined Preston North End at age nine for £40 after his parents enrolled him to do the clubs Centre of Excellence and was given free bottle of milk and a season ticket for coming to the school . He went on to come through Preston North Ends youth ranks . On 15 December 2008 he was given his first professional two-and-a-half-year contract with fellow youngster , Adam Barton .",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": "On 5 March 2009 , he joined Tranmere Rovers on a one-month loan deal . Tranmere manager Ronnie Moore was reported to say : He is a hard working winger with the ability to go past people and has a trick up his sleeve . Two days later , on 7 March 2009 , he was handed his League One debut against Northampton Town , where he set up a goal for Bas Savage . After the match , Manager Moore praised Mayor performance , citing he direct , took people on and played a great ball in for the",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": "goal . After making three appearances , Mayor returned to Preston , where manager Alan Irvine believed that the loan move to Tranmere Rovers made him grow up , due to giving him more confidence .",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": "Mayor made his debut for Preston North End on 16 January 2010 against Bristol City . He came on as a substitute in the 70th minute for Richard Chaplow . Preston lost the match 4–2 . It was Darren Fergusons debut as Preston manager . Due to Ferguson started to use youngsters in the first team , He was handed his full home debut in a game against Scunthorpe United on 10 April 2010 , a game which Preston won 3–2 . At the start of 2010–11 season , Mayor signed a two-year contract that will keep him until 2013",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": " After making 21 league appearance in the 2010–11 season , which resulted the relegation to League One , Mayor scored his first League goal for Preston against his old club Tranmere Rovers on 26 September 2011 . His next goal came against Hartlepool United , which went on to win the goal of the season for the clubs 2011–12 season and also went on to be awarded the Young Player of the Year . The 2011–12 season proved to be a breakthrough for Mayor , as he made a very impressive displays and become the fan favourite .",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": "Mayor allegedly told manager Graham Westley before the 2012/13 season that he would like to play at a higher level , with teammate Jamie Proctor making the same statement , despite the pair both being contracted to the club and part of the managers plans . As a result of wanting to leave , Preston chairman Peter Ridsdale was unsure towards the Mayor and Proctor .",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": " After being unsettled at the club , Mayor was linked with a move to Blackpool , before a bid for Mayor from Championship side Sheffield Wednesday was accepted , with Manager Dave Jones stating that he would be a good addition . One day later , Mayor joined the club for an undisclosed fee on a three-year contract .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "Mayor made his debut on 1 September 2012 for the club , coming on as a substitute in the 84th minutes , in a 2–1 loss against Crystal Palace . He soon have his first team opportunities become limited since joining the club .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": " He joined Southend United on an initial 28-day loan deal on Tuesday 12 February 2013 , going straight into the first team to play against Cheltenham Town that night . The move occurred when the club needed a replacement for Michael Timlin , who was ruled out for the entire season . After making five appearances , Mayors loan spell with Southend United came to an end .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "Ahead of the 2013–14 season , Mayor joined Bury on a season-long loan , which kept him until the end of the 2013–14 season . He made his debut , coming on as a substitute , in a 2–0 loss against Chesterfield in the opening game of the season . Four weeks later , on 31 August 2013 , Mayor scored his first goal from a 30-yard strike , in a 4–1 win over Cheltenham Town before setting up the fourth goal . Since scoring his first goal , Mayor began establishing himself as a first team regular . Mayor",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "struggled to score further goals until scoring his second goal of the season , in a 3–0 win over Hartlepool United on 1 January 2014 . He went on to make 42 appearance in all competitions , scoring five times .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": " At the end of the next season , Bury named Mayor as the Players Player of the Season as part of End of Season Awards Dinner at the Village Hotel . It was also confirmed an Undisclosed Fee had been agreed with Sheffield Wednesday for his services , Mayor signed a three-year deal with Bury after the move was announced by the clubs chairman , Stewart Day , who surprised fans at the End of Season Awards Dinner . Upon the move , Manager David Flitcroft believed Mayor had the experience of playing with Championship quality .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "Mayors first game after signing for the club on a permanent basis came in the opening game of the season , a 1–0 loss against Cheltenham Town . Mayors next goal came three weeks later , in a 2–1 win over Accrington Stanley . Mayor later scored two goals in two games to add his third and fourth goal between 11 October 2014 and 18 October 2014 against Wimbledon and Portsmouth Mayor did the same thing again when he scored later scored two goals in two games to add his fifth and sixth goal between 26 December 2014 and 28",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "December 2014 against Northampton Town and Mansfield Town . Mayor finished the season with eight league goals ( eight overall ) , for which he was awarded as League Two Player of the Year and was also included in League Twos PFA Team of the Year .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": " Mayor signed for newly relegated League Two club Plymouth Argyle on 1 July 2019 on a contract of undisclosed length . Mayor recorded an assist on his debut against Crewe as Argyle won their first game of the 2019/20 season .",
"title": "Plymouth Argyle"
},
{
"text": " - PFA Team of the Year : 2014–15 League Two - Football League Two Player of the Year : 2014–15",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Profile at the Plymouth Argyle F.C . website - Danny Mayor at My Football Data",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Danny_Mayor#P54#2
|
Danny Mayor played for which team after May 2013?
|
Danny Mayor Daniel John Mayor ( born 18 October 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for club Plymouth Argyle . He has played in the English Football League for Tranmere Rovers , Preston North End , Southend United and Bury . Early life . Mayor was born in Leyland , Lancashire . Career . Preston North End . According to then manager Gary Peters , he revealed that Mayor joined Preston North End at age nine for £40 after his parents enrolled him to do the clubs Centre of Excellence and was given free bottle of milk and a season ticket for coming to the school . He went on to come through Preston North Ends youth ranks . On 15 December 2008 he was given his first professional two-and-a-half-year contract with fellow youngster , Adam Barton . On 5 March 2009 , he joined Tranmere Rovers on a one-month loan deal . Tranmere manager Ronnie Moore was reported to say : He is a hard working winger with the ability to go past people and has a trick up his sleeve . Two days later , on 7 March 2009 , he was handed his League One debut against Northampton Town , where he set up a goal for Bas Savage . After the match , Manager Moore praised Mayor performance , citing he direct , took people on and played a great ball in for the goal . After making three appearances , Mayor returned to Preston , where manager Alan Irvine believed that the loan move to Tranmere Rovers made him grow up , due to giving him more confidence . Mayor made his debut for Preston North End on 16 January 2010 against Bristol City . He came on as a substitute in the 70th minute for Richard Chaplow . Preston lost the match 4–2 . It was Darren Fergusons debut as Preston manager . Due to Ferguson started to use youngsters in the first team , He was handed his full home debut in a game against Scunthorpe United on 10 April 2010 , a game which Preston won 3–2 . At the start of 2010–11 season , Mayor signed a two-year contract that will keep him until 2013 . After making 21 league appearance in the 2010–11 season , which resulted the relegation to League One , Mayor scored his first League goal for Preston against his old club Tranmere Rovers on 26 September 2011 . His next goal came against Hartlepool United , which went on to win the goal of the season for the clubs 2011–12 season and also went on to be awarded the Young Player of the Year . The 2011–12 season proved to be a breakthrough for Mayor , as he made a very impressive displays and become the fan favourite . Mayor allegedly told manager Graham Westley before the 2012/13 season that he would like to play at a higher level , with teammate Jamie Proctor making the same statement , despite the pair both being contracted to the club and part of the managers plans . As a result of wanting to leave , Preston chairman Peter Ridsdale was unsure towards the Mayor and Proctor . Sheffield Wednesday . After being unsettled at the club , Mayor was linked with a move to Blackpool , before a bid for Mayor from Championship side Sheffield Wednesday was accepted , with Manager Dave Jones stating that he would be a good addition . One day later , Mayor joined the club for an undisclosed fee on a three-year contract . Mayor made his debut on 1 September 2012 for the club , coming on as a substitute in the 84th minutes , in a 2–1 loss against Crystal Palace . He soon have his first team opportunities become limited since joining the club . He joined Southend United on an initial 28-day loan deal on Tuesday 12 February 2013 , going straight into the first team to play against Cheltenham Town that night . The move occurred when the club needed a replacement for Michael Timlin , who was ruled out for the entire season . After making five appearances , Mayors loan spell with Southend United came to an end . Bury . Ahead of the 2013–14 season , Mayor joined Bury on a season-long loan , which kept him until the end of the 2013–14 season . He made his debut , coming on as a substitute , in a 2–0 loss against Chesterfield in the opening game of the season . Four weeks later , on 31 August 2013 , Mayor scored his first goal from a 30-yard strike , in a 4–1 win over Cheltenham Town before setting up the fourth goal . Since scoring his first goal , Mayor began establishing himself as a first team regular . Mayor struggled to score further goals until scoring his second goal of the season , in a 3–0 win over Hartlepool United on 1 January 2014 . He went on to make 42 appearance in all competitions , scoring five times . At the end of the next season , Bury named Mayor as the Players Player of the Season as part of End of Season Awards Dinner at the Village Hotel . It was also confirmed an Undisclosed Fee had been agreed with Sheffield Wednesday for his services , Mayor signed a three-year deal with Bury after the move was announced by the clubs chairman , Stewart Day , who surprised fans at the End of Season Awards Dinner . Upon the move , Manager David Flitcroft believed Mayor had the experience of playing with Championship quality . Mayors first game after signing for the club on a permanent basis came in the opening game of the season , a 1–0 loss against Cheltenham Town . Mayors next goal came three weeks later , in a 2–1 win over Accrington Stanley . Mayor later scored two goals in two games to add his third and fourth goal between 11 October 2014 and 18 October 2014 against Wimbledon and Portsmouth Mayor did the same thing again when he scored later scored two goals in two games to add his fifth and sixth goal between 26 December 2014 and 28 December 2014 against Northampton Town and Mansfield Town . Mayor finished the season with eight league goals ( eight overall ) , for which he was awarded as League Two Player of the Year and was also included in League Twos PFA Team of the Year . Plymouth Argyle . Mayor signed for newly relegated League Two club Plymouth Argyle on 1 July 2019 on a contract of undisclosed length . Mayor recorded an assist on his debut against Crewe as Argyle won their first game of the 2019/20 season . Honours . Bury - Football League/EFL League Two runner-up : 2018–19 ; third-place promotion : 2014–15 Individual - PFA Team of the Year : 2014–15 League Two - Football League Two Player of the Year : 2014–15 External links . - Profile at the Plymouth Argyle F.C . website - Danny Mayor at My Football Data
|
[
"Bury"
] |
[
{
"text": " Daniel John Mayor ( born 18 October 1990 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for club Plymouth Argyle . He has played in the English Football League for Tranmere Rovers , Preston North End , Southend United and Bury .",
"title": "Danny Mayor"
},
{
"text": " According to then manager Gary Peters , he revealed that Mayor joined Preston North End at age nine for £40 after his parents enrolled him to do the clubs Centre of Excellence and was given free bottle of milk and a season ticket for coming to the school . He went on to come through Preston North Ends youth ranks . On 15 December 2008 he was given his first professional two-and-a-half-year contract with fellow youngster , Adam Barton .",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": "On 5 March 2009 , he joined Tranmere Rovers on a one-month loan deal . Tranmere manager Ronnie Moore was reported to say : He is a hard working winger with the ability to go past people and has a trick up his sleeve . Two days later , on 7 March 2009 , he was handed his League One debut against Northampton Town , where he set up a goal for Bas Savage . After the match , Manager Moore praised Mayor performance , citing he direct , took people on and played a great ball in for the",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": "goal . After making three appearances , Mayor returned to Preston , where manager Alan Irvine believed that the loan move to Tranmere Rovers made him grow up , due to giving him more confidence .",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": "Mayor made his debut for Preston North End on 16 January 2010 against Bristol City . He came on as a substitute in the 70th minute for Richard Chaplow . Preston lost the match 4–2 . It was Darren Fergusons debut as Preston manager . Due to Ferguson started to use youngsters in the first team , He was handed his full home debut in a game against Scunthorpe United on 10 April 2010 , a game which Preston won 3–2 . At the start of 2010–11 season , Mayor signed a two-year contract that will keep him until 2013",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": " After making 21 league appearance in the 2010–11 season , which resulted the relegation to League One , Mayor scored his first League goal for Preston against his old club Tranmere Rovers on 26 September 2011 . His next goal came against Hartlepool United , which went on to win the goal of the season for the clubs 2011–12 season and also went on to be awarded the Young Player of the Year . The 2011–12 season proved to be a breakthrough for Mayor , as he made a very impressive displays and become the fan favourite .",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": "Mayor allegedly told manager Graham Westley before the 2012/13 season that he would like to play at a higher level , with teammate Jamie Proctor making the same statement , despite the pair both being contracted to the club and part of the managers plans . As a result of wanting to leave , Preston chairman Peter Ridsdale was unsure towards the Mayor and Proctor .",
"title": "Preston North End"
},
{
"text": " After being unsettled at the club , Mayor was linked with a move to Blackpool , before a bid for Mayor from Championship side Sheffield Wednesday was accepted , with Manager Dave Jones stating that he would be a good addition . One day later , Mayor joined the club for an undisclosed fee on a three-year contract .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "Mayor made his debut on 1 September 2012 for the club , coming on as a substitute in the 84th minutes , in a 2–1 loss against Crystal Palace . He soon have his first team opportunities become limited since joining the club .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": " He joined Southend United on an initial 28-day loan deal on Tuesday 12 February 2013 , going straight into the first team to play against Cheltenham Town that night . The move occurred when the club needed a replacement for Michael Timlin , who was ruled out for the entire season . After making five appearances , Mayors loan spell with Southend United came to an end .",
"title": "Sheffield Wednesday"
},
{
"text": "Ahead of the 2013–14 season , Mayor joined Bury on a season-long loan , which kept him until the end of the 2013–14 season . He made his debut , coming on as a substitute , in a 2–0 loss against Chesterfield in the opening game of the season . Four weeks later , on 31 August 2013 , Mayor scored his first goal from a 30-yard strike , in a 4–1 win over Cheltenham Town before setting up the fourth goal . Since scoring his first goal , Mayor began establishing himself as a first team regular . Mayor",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "struggled to score further goals until scoring his second goal of the season , in a 3–0 win over Hartlepool United on 1 January 2014 . He went on to make 42 appearance in all competitions , scoring five times .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": " At the end of the next season , Bury named Mayor as the Players Player of the Season as part of End of Season Awards Dinner at the Village Hotel . It was also confirmed an Undisclosed Fee had been agreed with Sheffield Wednesday for his services , Mayor signed a three-year deal with Bury after the move was announced by the clubs chairman , Stewart Day , who surprised fans at the End of Season Awards Dinner . Upon the move , Manager David Flitcroft believed Mayor had the experience of playing with Championship quality .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "Mayors first game after signing for the club on a permanent basis came in the opening game of the season , a 1–0 loss against Cheltenham Town . Mayors next goal came three weeks later , in a 2–1 win over Accrington Stanley . Mayor later scored two goals in two games to add his third and fourth goal between 11 October 2014 and 18 October 2014 against Wimbledon and Portsmouth Mayor did the same thing again when he scored later scored two goals in two games to add his fifth and sixth goal between 26 December 2014 and 28",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "December 2014 against Northampton Town and Mansfield Town . Mayor finished the season with eight league goals ( eight overall ) , for which he was awarded as League Two Player of the Year and was also included in League Twos PFA Team of the Year .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": " Mayor signed for newly relegated League Two club Plymouth Argyle on 1 July 2019 on a contract of undisclosed length . Mayor recorded an assist on his debut against Crewe as Argyle won their first game of the 2019/20 season .",
"title": "Plymouth Argyle"
},
{
"text": " - PFA Team of the Year : 2014–15 League Two - Football League Two Player of the Year : 2014–15",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Profile at the Plymouth Argyle F.C . website - Danny Mayor at My Football Data",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Marco_Tábuas#P54#0
|
Marco Tábuas played for which team in Oct 1995?
|
Marco Tábuas Marco António Miranda Tábuas ( born 29 October 1976 ) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He began his career at Vitória Setúbal , and went on to make 156 first team appearances ( of which 110 were in the Primeira Liga ) for the club after making his debut in October 1997 . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja for the 1996–97 season , where he made 12 appearances . He was promoted twice out of the Segunda Liga with Vitória Setúbal , in 2000–01 and 2003–04 , and was an unused substitute as they won the Taça de Portugal in 2005 , and finished as runners-up in the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in 2005 and the Taça de Portugal in 2006 ; he also played in the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 to Porto . He left the club in 2008 , and went on to spend the 2008–09 season with Torreense and the 2009–10 season with Aljustrelense in the Segunda Divisão . After retiring as a player he became a goalkeeping coach . Playing career . Tábuas came through the youth system at Vitória Setúbal . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja of the Segunda Divisão de Honra ( second tier ) for the 1996–97 season . He was sent off on his first team debut on 13 October , after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 defeat to Varzim at the Estádio do Varzim SC . He went on to play a total of 12 games for Beja . He made his first team debut for Vitória Setúbal on 26 October 1997 , in a 4–2 defeat at Varzim in the fourth round of the Taça de Portugal . He made his Primeira Divisão ( first tier ) debut for the club on 20 September 1998 , in a 1–1 draw with Beira-Mar at the Estádio Mário Duarte . He went on to play a total of 28 league and six cup games in the 1998–99 season . He featured 27 times in the 1999–2000 relegation campaign , and played once in the UEFA Cup , a 7–0 defeat to A.S . Roma at the Stadio Olimpico on 16 September . He played 21 league games in the 2000–01 season , as Vitória Setúbal won promotion at the first attempt after securing a third-place finish . However , he played only 11 times in the 2001–02 season , and was sent off after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 win over Santa Clara on 14 April . He featured 19 times in the 2002–03 relegation campaign , and was sent off for the third and final time in his career in a 2–0 defeat by Paços de Ferreira on 4 May ; he was shown a red card on 73 minutes despite being an unused substitute . Vitória Setúbal again won promotion at the first attempt in 2003–04 , though Tábuas played only three league games as the club secured the second automatic promotion place . He played a total of 20 matches in the 2004–05 season , and was an unused substitute at the club won the Taça de Portugal with a 2–1 victory over league champions Benfica . He was also an unused substitute in the 2005 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira at the Estádio Algarve , where Benfica achieved some revenge over Vitória Setúbal with a 1–0 victory . He was appointed as the clubs second captain , and spoke in defence of the club after a financial crisis meant the players considered strike action after wages went unpaid at the Estádio do Bonfim for months on end . He played 11 games in the 2005–06 season , and was an unused substitute in the 2006 Taça de Portugal Final at the Estádio Nacional , as Porto defeated Vitória Setúbal 1–0 . He started the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira match at the Estádio Dr . Magalhães Pessoa , as new signing Nikola Milojević was unable to secure a work permit in time ; Vitória Setúbal were beaten 3–0 by Porto . He went on to feature in just four further matches in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons , including a second appearance in the UEFA Cup , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 at home to Heerenveen on 14 September 2006 . In July 2008 , Tábuas was released by Vitória Setúbal and joined Torreense in the Segunda Divisão - Série D ( third tier ) . He made 29 league and cup appearances in the 2008–09 campaign , before he returned to Alentejo to play for Aljustrelense . He played 15 Segunda Divisão Zona Sul games in the 2009–10 season , and announced his retirement at the end of the campaign . Coaching career . Tábuas coached at Gouveia from July 2014 to June 2015 , and then at Eléctrico from July 2015 to April 2016 . In July 2016 , he was appointed as goalkeeping coach at English League One club Port Vale by manager Bruno Ribeiro . He departed Vale Park after Ribeiro resigned in December 2016 . Honours . - Vitória Setúbal - Segunda Liga third-place promotion : 2000–01 - Segunda Liga runner-up : 2003–04 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira runner-up : 2005 , 2006 - Taça de Portugal winner : 2005 - Taça de Portugal runner-up : 2006
|
[
"Vitória Setúbal"
] |
[
{
"text": " Marco António Miranda Tábuas ( born 29 October 1976 ) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a goalkeeper .",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "He began his career at Vitória Setúbal , and went on to make 156 first team appearances ( of which 110 were in the Primeira Liga ) for the club after making his debut in October 1997 . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja for the 1996–97 season , where he made 12 appearances . He was promoted twice out of the Segunda Liga with Vitória Setúbal , in 2000–01 and 2003–04 , and was an unused substitute as they won the Taça de Portugal in 2005 , and finished as runners-up in the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "2005 and the Taça de Portugal in 2006 ; he also played in the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 to Porto . He left the club in 2008 , and went on to spend the 2008–09 season with Torreense and the 2009–10 season with Aljustrelense in the Segunda Divisão . After retiring as a player he became a goalkeeping coach .",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "Tábuas came through the youth system at Vitória Setúbal . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja of the Segunda Divisão de Honra ( second tier ) for the 1996–97 season . He was sent off on his first team debut on 13 October , after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 defeat to Varzim at the Estádio do Varzim SC . He went on to play a total of 12 games for Beja . He made his first team debut for Vitória Setúbal on 26 October 1997 , in a 4–2 defeat at Varzim in the fourth round",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "of the Taça de Portugal . He made his Primeira Divisão ( first tier ) debut for the club on 20 September 1998 , in a 1–1 draw with Beira-Mar at the Estádio Mário Duarte . He went on to play a total of 28 league and six cup games in the 1998–99 season .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "He featured 27 times in the 1999–2000 relegation campaign , and played once in the UEFA Cup , a 7–0 defeat to A.S . Roma at the Stadio Olimpico on 16 September . He played 21 league games in the 2000–01 season , as Vitória Setúbal won promotion at the first attempt after securing a third-place finish . However , he played only 11 times in the 2001–02 season , and was sent off after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 win over Santa Clara on 14 April . He featured 19 times in the 2002–03 relegation campaign ,",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "and was sent off for the third and final time in his career in a 2–0 defeat by Paços de Ferreira on 4 May ; he was shown a red card on 73 minutes despite being an unused substitute . Vitória Setúbal again won promotion at the first attempt in 2003–04 , though Tábuas played only three league games as the club secured the second automatic promotion place .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "He played a total of 20 matches in the 2004–05 season , and was an unused substitute at the club won the Taça de Portugal with a 2–1 victory over league champions Benfica . He was also an unused substitute in the 2005 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira at the Estádio Algarve , where Benfica achieved some revenge over Vitória Setúbal with a 1–0 victory . He was appointed as the clubs second captain , and spoke in defence of the club after a financial crisis meant the players considered strike action after wages went unpaid at the Estádio do Bonfim",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "for months on end . He played 11 games in the 2005–06 season , and was an unused substitute in the 2006 Taça de Portugal Final at the Estádio Nacional , as Porto defeated Vitória Setúbal 1–0 . He started the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira match at the Estádio Dr . Magalhães Pessoa , as new signing Nikola Milojević was unable to secure a work permit in time ; Vitória Setúbal were beaten 3–0 by Porto . He went on to feature in just four further matches in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons , including a second appearance in",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "the UEFA Cup , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 at home to Heerenveen on 14 September 2006 .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " In July 2008 , Tábuas was released by Vitória Setúbal and joined Torreense in the Segunda Divisão - Série D ( third tier ) . He made 29 league and cup appearances in the 2008–09 campaign , before he returned to Alentejo to play for Aljustrelense . He played 15 Segunda Divisão Zona Sul games in the 2009–10 season , and announced his retirement at the end of the campaign .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " Tábuas coached at Gouveia from July 2014 to June 2015 , and then at Eléctrico from July 2015 to April 2016 . In July 2016 , he was appointed as goalkeeping coach at English League One club Port Vale by manager Bruno Ribeiro . He departed Vale Park after Ribeiro resigned in December 2016 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Vitória Setúbal - Segunda Liga third-place promotion : 2000–01 - Segunda Liga runner-up : 2003–04 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira runner-up : 2005 , 2006 - Taça de Portugal winner : 2005 - Taça de Portugal runner-up : 2006",
"title": "Honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Marco_Tábuas#P54#1
|
Marco Tábuas played for which team between Jun 1996 and Sep 1996?
|
Marco Tábuas Marco António Miranda Tábuas ( born 29 October 1976 ) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He began his career at Vitória Setúbal , and went on to make 156 first team appearances ( of which 110 were in the Primeira Liga ) for the club after making his debut in October 1997 . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja for the 1996–97 season , where he made 12 appearances . He was promoted twice out of the Segunda Liga with Vitória Setúbal , in 2000–01 and 2003–04 , and was an unused substitute as they won the Taça de Portugal in 2005 , and finished as runners-up in the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in 2005 and the Taça de Portugal in 2006 ; he also played in the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 to Porto . He left the club in 2008 , and went on to spend the 2008–09 season with Torreense and the 2009–10 season with Aljustrelense in the Segunda Divisão . After retiring as a player he became a goalkeeping coach . Playing career . Tábuas came through the youth system at Vitória Setúbal . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja of the Segunda Divisão de Honra ( second tier ) for the 1996–97 season . He was sent off on his first team debut on 13 October , after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 defeat to Varzim at the Estádio do Varzim SC . He went on to play a total of 12 games for Beja . He made his first team debut for Vitória Setúbal on 26 October 1997 , in a 4–2 defeat at Varzim in the fourth round of the Taça de Portugal . He made his Primeira Divisão ( first tier ) debut for the club on 20 September 1998 , in a 1–1 draw with Beira-Mar at the Estádio Mário Duarte . He went on to play a total of 28 league and six cup games in the 1998–99 season . He featured 27 times in the 1999–2000 relegation campaign , and played once in the UEFA Cup , a 7–0 defeat to A.S . Roma at the Stadio Olimpico on 16 September . He played 21 league games in the 2000–01 season , as Vitória Setúbal won promotion at the first attempt after securing a third-place finish . However , he played only 11 times in the 2001–02 season , and was sent off after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 win over Santa Clara on 14 April . He featured 19 times in the 2002–03 relegation campaign , and was sent off for the third and final time in his career in a 2–0 defeat by Paços de Ferreira on 4 May ; he was shown a red card on 73 minutes despite being an unused substitute . Vitória Setúbal again won promotion at the first attempt in 2003–04 , though Tábuas played only three league games as the club secured the second automatic promotion place . He played a total of 20 matches in the 2004–05 season , and was an unused substitute at the club won the Taça de Portugal with a 2–1 victory over league champions Benfica . He was also an unused substitute in the 2005 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira at the Estádio Algarve , where Benfica achieved some revenge over Vitória Setúbal with a 1–0 victory . He was appointed as the clubs second captain , and spoke in defence of the club after a financial crisis meant the players considered strike action after wages went unpaid at the Estádio do Bonfim for months on end . He played 11 games in the 2005–06 season , and was an unused substitute in the 2006 Taça de Portugal Final at the Estádio Nacional , as Porto defeated Vitória Setúbal 1–0 . He started the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira match at the Estádio Dr . Magalhães Pessoa , as new signing Nikola Milojević was unable to secure a work permit in time ; Vitória Setúbal were beaten 3–0 by Porto . He went on to feature in just four further matches in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons , including a second appearance in the UEFA Cup , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 at home to Heerenveen on 14 September 2006 . In July 2008 , Tábuas was released by Vitória Setúbal and joined Torreense in the Segunda Divisão - Série D ( third tier ) . He made 29 league and cup appearances in the 2008–09 campaign , before he returned to Alentejo to play for Aljustrelense . He played 15 Segunda Divisão Zona Sul games in the 2009–10 season , and announced his retirement at the end of the campaign . Coaching career . Tábuas coached at Gouveia from July 2014 to June 2015 , and then at Eléctrico from July 2015 to April 2016 . In July 2016 , he was appointed as goalkeeping coach at English League One club Port Vale by manager Bruno Ribeiro . He departed Vale Park after Ribeiro resigned in December 2016 . Honours . - Vitória Setúbal - Segunda Liga third-place promotion : 2000–01 - Segunda Liga runner-up : 2003–04 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira runner-up : 2005 , 2006 - Taça de Portugal winner : 2005 - Taça de Portugal runner-up : 2006
|
[
"Desportivo Beja"
] |
[
{
"text": " Marco António Miranda Tábuas ( born 29 October 1976 ) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a goalkeeper .",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "He began his career at Vitória Setúbal , and went on to make 156 first team appearances ( of which 110 were in the Primeira Liga ) for the club after making his debut in October 1997 . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja for the 1996–97 season , where he made 12 appearances . He was promoted twice out of the Segunda Liga with Vitória Setúbal , in 2000–01 and 2003–04 , and was an unused substitute as they won the Taça de Portugal in 2005 , and finished as runners-up in the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "2005 and the Taça de Portugal in 2006 ; he also played in the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 to Porto . He left the club in 2008 , and went on to spend the 2008–09 season with Torreense and the 2009–10 season with Aljustrelense in the Segunda Divisão . After retiring as a player he became a goalkeeping coach .",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "Tábuas came through the youth system at Vitória Setúbal . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja of the Segunda Divisão de Honra ( second tier ) for the 1996–97 season . He was sent off on his first team debut on 13 October , after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 defeat to Varzim at the Estádio do Varzim SC . He went on to play a total of 12 games for Beja . He made his first team debut for Vitória Setúbal on 26 October 1997 , in a 4–2 defeat at Varzim in the fourth round",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "of the Taça de Portugal . He made his Primeira Divisão ( first tier ) debut for the club on 20 September 1998 , in a 1–1 draw with Beira-Mar at the Estádio Mário Duarte . He went on to play a total of 28 league and six cup games in the 1998–99 season .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "He featured 27 times in the 1999–2000 relegation campaign , and played once in the UEFA Cup , a 7–0 defeat to A.S . Roma at the Stadio Olimpico on 16 September . He played 21 league games in the 2000–01 season , as Vitória Setúbal won promotion at the first attempt after securing a third-place finish . However , he played only 11 times in the 2001–02 season , and was sent off after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 win over Santa Clara on 14 April . He featured 19 times in the 2002–03 relegation campaign ,",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "and was sent off for the third and final time in his career in a 2–0 defeat by Paços de Ferreira on 4 May ; he was shown a red card on 73 minutes despite being an unused substitute . Vitória Setúbal again won promotion at the first attempt in 2003–04 , though Tábuas played only three league games as the club secured the second automatic promotion place .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "He played a total of 20 matches in the 2004–05 season , and was an unused substitute at the club won the Taça de Portugal with a 2–1 victory over league champions Benfica . He was also an unused substitute in the 2005 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira at the Estádio Algarve , where Benfica achieved some revenge over Vitória Setúbal with a 1–0 victory . He was appointed as the clubs second captain , and spoke in defence of the club after a financial crisis meant the players considered strike action after wages went unpaid at the Estádio do Bonfim",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "for months on end . He played 11 games in the 2005–06 season , and was an unused substitute in the 2006 Taça de Portugal Final at the Estádio Nacional , as Porto defeated Vitória Setúbal 1–0 . He started the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira match at the Estádio Dr . Magalhães Pessoa , as new signing Nikola Milojević was unable to secure a work permit in time ; Vitória Setúbal were beaten 3–0 by Porto . He went on to feature in just four further matches in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons , including a second appearance in",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "the UEFA Cup , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 at home to Heerenveen on 14 September 2006 .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " In July 2008 , Tábuas was released by Vitória Setúbal and joined Torreense in the Segunda Divisão - Série D ( third tier ) . He made 29 league and cup appearances in the 2008–09 campaign , before he returned to Alentejo to play for Aljustrelense . He played 15 Segunda Divisão Zona Sul games in the 2009–10 season , and announced his retirement at the end of the campaign .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " Tábuas coached at Gouveia from July 2014 to June 2015 , and then at Eléctrico from July 2015 to April 2016 . In July 2016 , he was appointed as goalkeeping coach at English League One club Port Vale by manager Bruno Ribeiro . He departed Vale Park after Ribeiro resigned in December 2016 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Vitória Setúbal - Segunda Liga third-place promotion : 2000–01 - Segunda Liga runner-up : 2003–04 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira runner-up : 2005 , 2006 - Taça de Portugal winner : 2005 - Taça de Portugal runner-up : 2006",
"title": "Honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Marco_Tábuas#P54#2
|
Marco Tábuas played for which team in late 1990s?
|
Marco Tábuas Marco António Miranda Tábuas ( born 29 October 1976 ) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He began his career at Vitória Setúbal , and went on to make 156 first team appearances ( of which 110 were in the Primeira Liga ) for the club after making his debut in October 1997 . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja for the 1996–97 season , where he made 12 appearances . He was promoted twice out of the Segunda Liga with Vitória Setúbal , in 2000–01 and 2003–04 , and was an unused substitute as they won the Taça de Portugal in 2005 , and finished as runners-up in the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in 2005 and the Taça de Portugal in 2006 ; he also played in the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 to Porto . He left the club in 2008 , and went on to spend the 2008–09 season with Torreense and the 2009–10 season with Aljustrelense in the Segunda Divisão . After retiring as a player he became a goalkeeping coach . Playing career . Tábuas came through the youth system at Vitória Setúbal . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja of the Segunda Divisão de Honra ( second tier ) for the 1996–97 season . He was sent off on his first team debut on 13 October , after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 defeat to Varzim at the Estádio do Varzim SC . He went on to play a total of 12 games for Beja . He made his first team debut for Vitória Setúbal on 26 October 1997 , in a 4–2 defeat at Varzim in the fourth round of the Taça de Portugal . He made his Primeira Divisão ( first tier ) debut for the club on 20 September 1998 , in a 1–1 draw with Beira-Mar at the Estádio Mário Duarte . He went on to play a total of 28 league and six cup games in the 1998–99 season . He featured 27 times in the 1999–2000 relegation campaign , and played once in the UEFA Cup , a 7–0 defeat to A.S . Roma at the Stadio Olimpico on 16 September . He played 21 league games in the 2000–01 season , as Vitória Setúbal won promotion at the first attempt after securing a third-place finish . However , he played only 11 times in the 2001–02 season , and was sent off after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 win over Santa Clara on 14 April . He featured 19 times in the 2002–03 relegation campaign , and was sent off for the third and final time in his career in a 2–0 defeat by Paços de Ferreira on 4 May ; he was shown a red card on 73 minutes despite being an unused substitute . Vitória Setúbal again won promotion at the first attempt in 2003–04 , though Tábuas played only three league games as the club secured the second automatic promotion place . He played a total of 20 matches in the 2004–05 season , and was an unused substitute at the club won the Taça de Portugal with a 2–1 victory over league champions Benfica . He was also an unused substitute in the 2005 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira at the Estádio Algarve , where Benfica achieved some revenge over Vitória Setúbal with a 1–0 victory . He was appointed as the clubs second captain , and spoke in defence of the club after a financial crisis meant the players considered strike action after wages went unpaid at the Estádio do Bonfim for months on end . He played 11 games in the 2005–06 season , and was an unused substitute in the 2006 Taça de Portugal Final at the Estádio Nacional , as Porto defeated Vitória Setúbal 1–0 . He started the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira match at the Estádio Dr . Magalhães Pessoa , as new signing Nikola Milojević was unable to secure a work permit in time ; Vitória Setúbal were beaten 3–0 by Porto . He went on to feature in just four further matches in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons , including a second appearance in the UEFA Cup , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 at home to Heerenveen on 14 September 2006 . In July 2008 , Tábuas was released by Vitória Setúbal and joined Torreense in the Segunda Divisão - Série D ( third tier ) . He made 29 league and cup appearances in the 2008–09 campaign , before he returned to Alentejo to play for Aljustrelense . He played 15 Segunda Divisão Zona Sul games in the 2009–10 season , and announced his retirement at the end of the campaign . Coaching career . Tábuas coached at Gouveia from July 2014 to June 2015 , and then at Eléctrico from July 2015 to April 2016 . In July 2016 , he was appointed as goalkeeping coach at English League One club Port Vale by manager Bruno Ribeiro . He departed Vale Park after Ribeiro resigned in December 2016 . Honours . - Vitória Setúbal - Segunda Liga third-place promotion : 2000–01 - Segunda Liga runner-up : 2003–04 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira runner-up : 2005 , 2006 - Taça de Portugal winner : 2005 - Taça de Portugal runner-up : 2006
|
[
"Vitória Setúbal"
] |
[
{
"text": " Marco António Miranda Tábuas ( born 29 October 1976 ) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a goalkeeper .",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "He began his career at Vitória Setúbal , and went on to make 156 first team appearances ( of which 110 were in the Primeira Liga ) for the club after making his debut in October 1997 . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja for the 1996–97 season , where he made 12 appearances . He was promoted twice out of the Segunda Liga with Vitória Setúbal , in 2000–01 and 2003–04 , and was an unused substitute as they won the Taça de Portugal in 2005 , and finished as runners-up in the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "2005 and the Taça de Portugal in 2006 ; he also played in the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 to Porto . He left the club in 2008 , and went on to spend the 2008–09 season with Torreense and the 2009–10 season with Aljustrelense in the Segunda Divisão . After retiring as a player he became a goalkeeping coach .",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "Tábuas came through the youth system at Vitória Setúbal . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja of the Segunda Divisão de Honra ( second tier ) for the 1996–97 season . He was sent off on his first team debut on 13 October , after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 defeat to Varzim at the Estádio do Varzim SC . He went on to play a total of 12 games for Beja . He made his first team debut for Vitória Setúbal on 26 October 1997 , in a 4–2 defeat at Varzim in the fourth round",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "of the Taça de Portugal . He made his Primeira Divisão ( first tier ) debut for the club on 20 September 1998 , in a 1–1 draw with Beira-Mar at the Estádio Mário Duarte . He went on to play a total of 28 league and six cup games in the 1998–99 season .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "He featured 27 times in the 1999–2000 relegation campaign , and played once in the UEFA Cup , a 7–0 defeat to A.S . Roma at the Stadio Olimpico on 16 September . He played 21 league games in the 2000–01 season , as Vitória Setúbal won promotion at the first attempt after securing a third-place finish . However , he played only 11 times in the 2001–02 season , and was sent off after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 win over Santa Clara on 14 April . He featured 19 times in the 2002–03 relegation campaign ,",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "and was sent off for the third and final time in his career in a 2–0 defeat by Paços de Ferreira on 4 May ; he was shown a red card on 73 minutes despite being an unused substitute . Vitória Setúbal again won promotion at the first attempt in 2003–04 , though Tábuas played only three league games as the club secured the second automatic promotion place .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "He played a total of 20 matches in the 2004–05 season , and was an unused substitute at the club won the Taça de Portugal with a 2–1 victory over league champions Benfica . He was also an unused substitute in the 2005 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira at the Estádio Algarve , where Benfica achieved some revenge over Vitória Setúbal with a 1–0 victory . He was appointed as the clubs second captain , and spoke in defence of the club after a financial crisis meant the players considered strike action after wages went unpaid at the Estádio do Bonfim",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "for months on end . He played 11 games in the 2005–06 season , and was an unused substitute in the 2006 Taça de Portugal Final at the Estádio Nacional , as Porto defeated Vitória Setúbal 1–0 . He started the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira match at the Estádio Dr . Magalhães Pessoa , as new signing Nikola Milojević was unable to secure a work permit in time ; Vitória Setúbal were beaten 3–0 by Porto . He went on to feature in just four further matches in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons , including a second appearance in",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "the UEFA Cup , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 at home to Heerenveen on 14 September 2006 .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " In July 2008 , Tábuas was released by Vitória Setúbal and joined Torreense in the Segunda Divisão - Série D ( third tier ) . He made 29 league and cup appearances in the 2008–09 campaign , before he returned to Alentejo to play for Aljustrelense . He played 15 Segunda Divisão Zona Sul games in the 2009–10 season , and announced his retirement at the end of the campaign .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " Tábuas coached at Gouveia from July 2014 to June 2015 , and then at Eléctrico from July 2015 to April 2016 . In July 2016 , he was appointed as goalkeeping coach at English League One club Port Vale by manager Bruno Ribeiro . He departed Vale Park after Ribeiro resigned in December 2016 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Vitória Setúbal - Segunda Liga third-place promotion : 2000–01 - Segunda Liga runner-up : 2003–04 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira runner-up : 2005 , 2006 - Taça de Portugal winner : 2005 - Taça de Portugal runner-up : 2006",
"title": "Honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Marco_Tábuas#P54#3
|
Marco Tábuas played for which team between Jul 2008 and Dec 2008?
|
Marco Tábuas Marco António Miranda Tábuas ( born 29 October 1976 ) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He began his career at Vitória Setúbal , and went on to make 156 first team appearances ( of which 110 were in the Primeira Liga ) for the club after making his debut in October 1997 . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja for the 1996–97 season , where he made 12 appearances . He was promoted twice out of the Segunda Liga with Vitória Setúbal , in 2000–01 and 2003–04 , and was an unused substitute as they won the Taça de Portugal in 2005 , and finished as runners-up in the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in 2005 and the Taça de Portugal in 2006 ; he also played in the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 to Porto . He left the club in 2008 , and went on to spend the 2008–09 season with Torreense and the 2009–10 season with Aljustrelense in the Segunda Divisão . After retiring as a player he became a goalkeeping coach . Playing career . Tábuas came through the youth system at Vitória Setúbal . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja of the Segunda Divisão de Honra ( second tier ) for the 1996–97 season . He was sent off on his first team debut on 13 October , after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 defeat to Varzim at the Estádio do Varzim SC . He went on to play a total of 12 games for Beja . He made his first team debut for Vitória Setúbal on 26 October 1997 , in a 4–2 defeat at Varzim in the fourth round of the Taça de Portugal . He made his Primeira Divisão ( first tier ) debut for the club on 20 September 1998 , in a 1–1 draw with Beira-Mar at the Estádio Mário Duarte . He went on to play a total of 28 league and six cup games in the 1998–99 season . He featured 27 times in the 1999–2000 relegation campaign , and played once in the UEFA Cup , a 7–0 defeat to A.S . Roma at the Stadio Olimpico on 16 September . He played 21 league games in the 2000–01 season , as Vitória Setúbal won promotion at the first attempt after securing a third-place finish . However , he played only 11 times in the 2001–02 season , and was sent off after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 win over Santa Clara on 14 April . He featured 19 times in the 2002–03 relegation campaign , and was sent off for the third and final time in his career in a 2–0 defeat by Paços de Ferreira on 4 May ; he was shown a red card on 73 minutes despite being an unused substitute . Vitória Setúbal again won promotion at the first attempt in 2003–04 , though Tábuas played only three league games as the club secured the second automatic promotion place . He played a total of 20 matches in the 2004–05 season , and was an unused substitute at the club won the Taça de Portugal with a 2–1 victory over league champions Benfica . He was also an unused substitute in the 2005 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira at the Estádio Algarve , where Benfica achieved some revenge over Vitória Setúbal with a 1–0 victory . He was appointed as the clubs second captain , and spoke in defence of the club after a financial crisis meant the players considered strike action after wages went unpaid at the Estádio do Bonfim for months on end . He played 11 games in the 2005–06 season , and was an unused substitute in the 2006 Taça de Portugal Final at the Estádio Nacional , as Porto defeated Vitória Setúbal 1–0 . He started the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira match at the Estádio Dr . Magalhães Pessoa , as new signing Nikola Milojević was unable to secure a work permit in time ; Vitória Setúbal were beaten 3–0 by Porto . He went on to feature in just four further matches in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons , including a second appearance in the UEFA Cup , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 at home to Heerenveen on 14 September 2006 . In July 2008 , Tábuas was released by Vitória Setúbal and joined Torreense in the Segunda Divisão - Série D ( third tier ) . He made 29 league and cup appearances in the 2008–09 campaign , before he returned to Alentejo to play for Aljustrelense . He played 15 Segunda Divisão Zona Sul games in the 2009–10 season , and announced his retirement at the end of the campaign . Coaching career . Tábuas coached at Gouveia from July 2014 to June 2015 , and then at Eléctrico from July 2015 to April 2016 . In July 2016 , he was appointed as goalkeeping coach at English League One club Port Vale by manager Bruno Ribeiro . He departed Vale Park after Ribeiro resigned in December 2016 . Honours . - Vitória Setúbal - Segunda Liga third-place promotion : 2000–01 - Segunda Liga runner-up : 2003–04 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira runner-up : 2005 , 2006 - Taça de Portugal winner : 2005 - Taça de Portugal runner-up : 2006
|
[
"Torreense"
] |
[
{
"text": " Marco António Miranda Tábuas ( born 29 October 1976 ) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a goalkeeper .",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "He began his career at Vitória Setúbal , and went on to make 156 first team appearances ( of which 110 were in the Primeira Liga ) for the club after making his debut in October 1997 . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja for the 1996–97 season , where he made 12 appearances . He was promoted twice out of the Segunda Liga with Vitória Setúbal , in 2000–01 and 2003–04 , and was an unused substitute as they won the Taça de Portugal in 2005 , and finished as runners-up in the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "2005 and the Taça de Portugal in 2006 ; he also played in the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 to Porto . He left the club in 2008 , and went on to spend the 2008–09 season with Torreense and the 2009–10 season with Aljustrelense in the Segunda Divisão . After retiring as a player he became a goalkeeping coach .",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "Tábuas came through the youth system at Vitória Setúbal . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja of the Segunda Divisão de Honra ( second tier ) for the 1996–97 season . He was sent off on his first team debut on 13 October , after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 defeat to Varzim at the Estádio do Varzim SC . He went on to play a total of 12 games for Beja . He made his first team debut for Vitória Setúbal on 26 October 1997 , in a 4–2 defeat at Varzim in the fourth round",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "of the Taça de Portugal . He made his Primeira Divisão ( first tier ) debut for the club on 20 September 1998 , in a 1–1 draw with Beira-Mar at the Estádio Mário Duarte . He went on to play a total of 28 league and six cup games in the 1998–99 season .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "He featured 27 times in the 1999–2000 relegation campaign , and played once in the UEFA Cup , a 7–0 defeat to A.S . Roma at the Stadio Olimpico on 16 September . He played 21 league games in the 2000–01 season , as Vitória Setúbal won promotion at the first attempt after securing a third-place finish . However , he played only 11 times in the 2001–02 season , and was sent off after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 win over Santa Clara on 14 April . He featured 19 times in the 2002–03 relegation campaign ,",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "and was sent off for the third and final time in his career in a 2–0 defeat by Paços de Ferreira on 4 May ; he was shown a red card on 73 minutes despite being an unused substitute . Vitória Setúbal again won promotion at the first attempt in 2003–04 , though Tábuas played only three league games as the club secured the second automatic promotion place .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "He played a total of 20 matches in the 2004–05 season , and was an unused substitute at the club won the Taça de Portugal with a 2–1 victory over league champions Benfica . He was also an unused substitute in the 2005 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira at the Estádio Algarve , where Benfica achieved some revenge over Vitória Setúbal with a 1–0 victory . He was appointed as the clubs second captain , and spoke in defence of the club after a financial crisis meant the players considered strike action after wages went unpaid at the Estádio do Bonfim",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "for months on end . He played 11 games in the 2005–06 season , and was an unused substitute in the 2006 Taça de Portugal Final at the Estádio Nacional , as Porto defeated Vitória Setúbal 1–0 . He started the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira match at the Estádio Dr . Magalhães Pessoa , as new signing Nikola Milojević was unable to secure a work permit in time ; Vitória Setúbal were beaten 3–0 by Porto . He went on to feature in just four further matches in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons , including a second appearance in",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "the UEFA Cup , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 at home to Heerenveen on 14 September 2006 .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " In July 2008 , Tábuas was released by Vitória Setúbal and joined Torreense in the Segunda Divisão - Série D ( third tier ) . He made 29 league and cup appearances in the 2008–09 campaign , before he returned to Alentejo to play for Aljustrelense . He played 15 Segunda Divisão Zona Sul games in the 2009–10 season , and announced his retirement at the end of the campaign .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " Tábuas coached at Gouveia from July 2014 to June 2015 , and then at Eléctrico from July 2015 to April 2016 . In July 2016 , he was appointed as goalkeeping coach at English League One club Port Vale by manager Bruno Ribeiro . He departed Vale Park after Ribeiro resigned in December 2016 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Vitória Setúbal - Segunda Liga third-place promotion : 2000–01 - Segunda Liga runner-up : 2003–04 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira runner-up : 2005 , 2006 - Taça de Portugal winner : 2005 - Taça de Portugal runner-up : 2006",
"title": "Honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Marco_Tábuas#P54#4
|
Marco Tábuas played for which team after Feb 2009?
|
Marco Tábuas Marco António Miranda Tábuas ( born 29 October 1976 ) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He began his career at Vitória Setúbal , and went on to make 156 first team appearances ( of which 110 were in the Primeira Liga ) for the club after making his debut in October 1997 . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja for the 1996–97 season , where he made 12 appearances . He was promoted twice out of the Segunda Liga with Vitória Setúbal , in 2000–01 and 2003–04 , and was an unused substitute as they won the Taça de Portugal in 2005 , and finished as runners-up in the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in 2005 and the Taça de Portugal in 2006 ; he also played in the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 to Porto . He left the club in 2008 , and went on to spend the 2008–09 season with Torreense and the 2009–10 season with Aljustrelense in the Segunda Divisão . After retiring as a player he became a goalkeeping coach . Playing career . Tábuas came through the youth system at Vitória Setúbal . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja of the Segunda Divisão de Honra ( second tier ) for the 1996–97 season . He was sent off on his first team debut on 13 October , after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 defeat to Varzim at the Estádio do Varzim SC . He went on to play a total of 12 games for Beja . He made his first team debut for Vitória Setúbal on 26 October 1997 , in a 4–2 defeat at Varzim in the fourth round of the Taça de Portugal . He made his Primeira Divisão ( first tier ) debut for the club on 20 September 1998 , in a 1–1 draw with Beira-Mar at the Estádio Mário Duarte . He went on to play a total of 28 league and six cup games in the 1998–99 season . He featured 27 times in the 1999–2000 relegation campaign , and played once in the UEFA Cup , a 7–0 defeat to A.S . Roma at the Stadio Olimpico on 16 September . He played 21 league games in the 2000–01 season , as Vitória Setúbal won promotion at the first attempt after securing a third-place finish . However , he played only 11 times in the 2001–02 season , and was sent off after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 win over Santa Clara on 14 April . He featured 19 times in the 2002–03 relegation campaign , and was sent off for the third and final time in his career in a 2–0 defeat by Paços de Ferreira on 4 May ; he was shown a red card on 73 minutes despite being an unused substitute . Vitória Setúbal again won promotion at the first attempt in 2003–04 , though Tábuas played only three league games as the club secured the second automatic promotion place . He played a total of 20 matches in the 2004–05 season , and was an unused substitute at the club won the Taça de Portugal with a 2–1 victory over league champions Benfica . He was also an unused substitute in the 2005 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira at the Estádio Algarve , where Benfica achieved some revenge over Vitória Setúbal with a 1–0 victory . He was appointed as the clubs second captain , and spoke in defence of the club after a financial crisis meant the players considered strike action after wages went unpaid at the Estádio do Bonfim for months on end . He played 11 games in the 2005–06 season , and was an unused substitute in the 2006 Taça de Portugal Final at the Estádio Nacional , as Porto defeated Vitória Setúbal 1–0 . He started the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira match at the Estádio Dr . Magalhães Pessoa , as new signing Nikola Milojević was unable to secure a work permit in time ; Vitória Setúbal were beaten 3–0 by Porto . He went on to feature in just four further matches in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons , including a second appearance in the UEFA Cup , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 at home to Heerenveen on 14 September 2006 . In July 2008 , Tábuas was released by Vitória Setúbal and joined Torreense in the Segunda Divisão - Série D ( third tier ) . He made 29 league and cup appearances in the 2008–09 campaign , before he returned to Alentejo to play for Aljustrelense . He played 15 Segunda Divisão Zona Sul games in the 2009–10 season , and announced his retirement at the end of the campaign . Coaching career . Tábuas coached at Gouveia from July 2014 to June 2015 , and then at Eléctrico from July 2015 to April 2016 . In July 2016 , he was appointed as goalkeeping coach at English League One club Port Vale by manager Bruno Ribeiro . He departed Vale Park after Ribeiro resigned in December 2016 . Honours . - Vitória Setúbal - Segunda Liga third-place promotion : 2000–01 - Segunda Liga runner-up : 2003–04 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira runner-up : 2005 , 2006 - Taça de Portugal winner : 2005 - Taça de Portugal runner-up : 2006
|
[
"Aljustrelense"
] |
[
{
"text": " Marco António Miranda Tábuas ( born 29 October 1976 ) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a goalkeeper .",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "He began his career at Vitória Setúbal , and went on to make 156 first team appearances ( of which 110 were in the Primeira Liga ) for the club after making his debut in October 1997 . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja for the 1996–97 season , where he made 12 appearances . He was promoted twice out of the Segunda Liga with Vitória Setúbal , in 2000–01 and 2003–04 , and was an unused substitute as they won the Taça de Portugal in 2005 , and finished as runners-up in the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "2005 and the Taça de Portugal in 2006 ; he also played in the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 to Porto . He left the club in 2008 , and went on to spend the 2008–09 season with Torreense and the 2009–10 season with Aljustrelense in the Segunda Divisão . After retiring as a player he became a goalkeeping coach .",
"title": "Marco Tábuas"
},
{
"text": "Tábuas came through the youth system at Vitória Setúbal . He was loaned out to Desportivo Beja of the Segunda Divisão de Honra ( second tier ) for the 1996–97 season . He was sent off on his first team debut on 13 October , after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 defeat to Varzim at the Estádio do Varzim SC . He went on to play a total of 12 games for Beja . He made his first team debut for Vitória Setúbal on 26 October 1997 , in a 4–2 defeat at Varzim in the fourth round",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "of the Taça de Portugal . He made his Primeira Divisão ( first tier ) debut for the club on 20 September 1998 , in a 1–1 draw with Beira-Mar at the Estádio Mário Duarte . He went on to play a total of 28 league and six cup games in the 1998–99 season .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "He featured 27 times in the 1999–2000 relegation campaign , and played once in the UEFA Cup , a 7–0 defeat to A.S . Roma at the Stadio Olimpico on 16 September . He played 21 league games in the 2000–01 season , as Vitória Setúbal won promotion at the first attempt after securing a third-place finish . However , he played only 11 times in the 2001–02 season , and was sent off after receiving two yellow cards in a 3–2 win over Santa Clara on 14 April . He featured 19 times in the 2002–03 relegation campaign ,",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "and was sent off for the third and final time in his career in a 2–0 defeat by Paços de Ferreira on 4 May ; he was shown a red card on 73 minutes despite being an unused substitute . Vitória Setúbal again won promotion at the first attempt in 2003–04 , though Tábuas played only three league games as the club secured the second automatic promotion place .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "He played a total of 20 matches in the 2004–05 season , and was an unused substitute at the club won the Taça de Portugal with a 2–1 victory over league champions Benfica . He was also an unused substitute in the 2005 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira at the Estádio Algarve , where Benfica achieved some revenge over Vitória Setúbal with a 1–0 victory . He was appointed as the clubs second captain , and spoke in defence of the club after a financial crisis meant the players considered strike action after wages went unpaid at the Estádio do Bonfim",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "for months on end . He played 11 games in the 2005–06 season , and was an unused substitute in the 2006 Taça de Portugal Final at the Estádio Nacional , as Porto defeated Vitória Setúbal 1–0 . He started the 2006 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira match at the Estádio Dr . Magalhães Pessoa , as new signing Nikola Milojević was unable to secure a work permit in time ; Vitória Setúbal were beaten 3–0 by Porto . He went on to feature in just four further matches in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons , including a second appearance in",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "the UEFA Cup , as Vitória Setúbal lost 3–0 at home to Heerenveen on 14 September 2006 .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " In July 2008 , Tábuas was released by Vitória Setúbal and joined Torreense in the Segunda Divisão - Série D ( third tier ) . He made 29 league and cup appearances in the 2008–09 campaign , before he returned to Alentejo to play for Aljustrelense . He played 15 Segunda Divisão Zona Sul games in the 2009–10 season , and announced his retirement at the end of the campaign .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " Tábuas coached at Gouveia from July 2014 to June 2015 , and then at Eléctrico from July 2015 to April 2016 . In July 2016 , he was appointed as goalkeeping coach at English League One club Port Vale by manager Bruno Ribeiro . He departed Vale Park after Ribeiro resigned in December 2016 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " - Vitória Setúbal - Segunda Liga third-place promotion : 2000–01 - Segunda Liga runner-up : 2003–04 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira runner-up : 2005 , 2006 - Taça de Portugal winner : 2005 - Taça de Portugal runner-up : 2006",
"title": "Honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Conrado_Miranda#P54#0
|
Conrado Miranda played for which team in Jan 1944?
|
Conrado Miranda José Conrado Miranda Sasso ( born October 14 , 1928 in El Salvador ) . He was a Salvadoran football player and former coach who created a legacy in El Salvador . He and longtime partner Juan Francisco Barraza helped evolve football in El Salvador . He was known as El Estilista . Club career . His first steps as a player are traced to the Pipiles F.C . His debut at the national level was playing for Independiente de San Vicente . Later he moved to CD Alacranes which was renamed C.D . Atlético Marte at his suggestion . In 1954 Conrado Miranda was contracted as a player by Uruguay de Coronado ( Costa Rica ) for a 1-year contract . Afterwards he returned to Atlético Marte for a three-year stint but this time as player/coach that produced three national championships ( 1955,1956,1957 ) . He was again contracted by a Costa Rica team , Club Sport La Libertad . After this final stint on international soil Conrado Miranda returned to El Salvador where he was contracted by C.D . Águila of San Miguel as both player and coach . The team earned a championship in 1959 . In 1960 , after suffering a broken leg , he retired as a player . He took the opportunity to coach the El Salvador national football team and left his C.D . Águila team in 1st place . They won the championship with Carlos Padilla as the coach ( 1960 ) . International career . Conrado Miranda represented El Salvador as a captain most of the time from 1948 to 1955 , during this period El Salvador won the Gold Medal at the VII Central American and Caribbean Games in 1954 in Mexico . Managerial career . As a coach Conrado Miranda has obtained multiple championships at national and international level ( 3 national championships with Atlético Marte , 3 national championships with CD Aguila , 1 CONCACAF Champions Cup ) . He has also coached El Salvador national team both at major and junior levels with success especially in 1964 when he took the youth National team to 1st place in the NORCECA , a competition played in Guatemala . Conrado Miranda is also the founder of AEFES ( Asociación de Entrenadores de Fútbol de El Salvador ) for which he was the first president in 1965 and CONADEPRE ( Comisión Nacional de Deportes Recreativos de El Salvador ) . Under this institution he created what is known now as Papi fútbol ( fútbol for players over 35 ) and Babi fútbol ( fútbol for players under 15 ) as a vehicle to promote the game . Conrado Miranda has received multiple honours in recognition of his illustrious career . He was named to the El Salvador Team of the 20th century and received La Espiga Dorada from the hands of the President of El Salvador at the time , Francisco Flores , in recognition for his achievements as a player and coach and for his contribution to all sporting activities at the national level . External links . - ¿QUÉPASÓCON...CONRADOMIRANDA -
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " José Conrado Miranda Sasso ( born October 14 , 1928 in El Salvador ) . He was a Salvadoran football player and former coach who created a legacy in El Salvador . He and longtime partner Juan Francisco Barraza helped evolve football in El Salvador . He was known as El Estilista .",
"title": "Conrado Miranda"
},
{
"text": " His first steps as a player are traced to the Pipiles F.C . His debut at the national level was playing for Independiente de San Vicente . Later he moved to CD Alacranes which was renamed C.D . Atlético Marte at his suggestion . In 1954 Conrado Miranda was contracted as a player by Uruguay de Coronado ( Costa Rica ) for a 1-year contract . Afterwards he returned to Atlético Marte for a three-year stint but this time as player/coach that produced three national championships ( 1955,1956,1957 ) .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "He was again contracted by a Costa Rica team , Club Sport La Libertad . After this final stint on international soil Conrado Miranda returned to El Salvador where he was contracted by C.D . Águila of San Miguel as both player and coach . The team earned a championship in 1959 . In 1960 , after suffering a broken leg , he retired as a player . He took the opportunity to coach the El Salvador national football team and left his C.D . Águila team in 1st place . They won the championship with Carlos Padilla as the",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "coach ( 1960 ) .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Conrado Miranda represented El Salvador as a captain most of the time from 1948 to 1955 , during this period El Salvador won the Gold Medal at the VII Central American and Caribbean Games in 1954 in Mexico .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " As a coach Conrado Miranda has obtained multiple championships at national and international level ( 3 national championships with Atlético Marte , 3 national championships with CD Aguila , 1 CONCACAF Champions Cup ) . He has also coached El Salvador national team both at major and junior levels with success especially in 1964 when he took the youth National team to 1st place in the NORCECA , a competition played in Guatemala .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": "Conrado Miranda is also the founder of AEFES ( Asociación de Entrenadores de Fútbol de El Salvador ) for which he was the first president in 1965 and CONADEPRE ( Comisión Nacional de Deportes Recreativos de El Salvador ) . Under this institution he created what is known now as Papi fútbol ( fútbol for players over 35 ) and Babi fútbol ( fútbol for players under 15 ) as a vehicle to promote the game .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": " Conrado Miranda has received multiple honours in recognition of his illustrious career . He was named to the El Salvador Team of the 20th century and received La Espiga Dorada from the hands of the President of El Salvador at the time , Francisco Flores , in recognition for his achievements as a player and coach and for his contribution to all sporting activities at the national level .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": " - ¿QUÉPASÓCON...CONRADOMIRANDA -",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Conrado_Miranda#P54#1
|
Conrado Miranda played for which team between Oct 1946 and May 1947?
|
Conrado Miranda José Conrado Miranda Sasso ( born October 14 , 1928 in El Salvador ) . He was a Salvadoran football player and former coach who created a legacy in El Salvador . He and longtime partner Juan Francisco Barraza helped evolve football in El Salvador . He was known as El Estilista . Club career . His first steps as a player are traced to the Pipiles F.C . His debut at the national level was playing for Independiente de San Vicente . Later he moved to CD Alacranes which was renamed C.D . Atlético Marte at his suggestion . In 1954 Conrado Miranda was contracted as a player by Uruguay de Coronado ( Costa Rica ) for a 1-year contract . Afterwards he returned to Atlético Marte for a three-year stint but this time as player/coach that produced three national championships ( 1955,1956,1957 ) . He was again contracted by a Costa Rica team , Club Sport La Libertad . After this final stint on international soil Conrado Miranda returned to El Salvador where he was contracted by C.D . Águila of San Miguel as both player and coach . The team earned a championship in 1959 . In 1960 , after suffering a broken leg , he retired as a player . He took the opportunity to coach the El Salvador national football team and left his C.D . Águila team in 1st place . They won the championship with Carlos Padilla as the coach ( 1960 ) . International career . Conrado Miranda represented El Salvador as a captain most of the time from 1948 to 1955 , during this period El Salvador won the Gold Medal at the VII Central American and Caribbean Games in 1954 in Mexico . Managerial career . As a coach Conrado Miranda has obtained multiple championships at national and international level ( 3 national championships with Atlético Marte , 3 national championships with CD Aguila , 1 CONCACAF Champions Cup ) . He has also coached El Salvador national team both at major and junior levels with success especially in 1964 when he took the youth National team to 1st place in the NORCECA , a competition played in Guatemala . Conrado Miranda is also the founder of AEFES ( Asociación de Entrenadores de Fútbol de El Salvador ) for which he was the first president in 1965 and CONADEPRE ( Comisión Nacional de Deportes Recreativos de El Salvador ) . Under this institution he created what is known now as Papi fútbol ( fútbol for players over 35 ) and Babi fútbol ( fútbol for players under 15 ) as a vehicle to promote the game . Conrado Miranda has received multiple honours in recognition of his illustrious career . He was named to the El Salvador Team of the 20th century and received La Espiga Dorada from the hands of the President of El Salvador at the time , Francisco Flores , in recognition for his achievements as a player and coach and for his contribution to all sporting activities at the national level . External links . - ¿QUÉPASÓCON...CONRADOMIRANDA -
|
[
"C.D . Atlético Marte"
] |
[
{
"text": " José Conrado Miranda Sasso ( born October 14 , 1928 in El Salvador ) . He was a Salvadoran football player and former coach who created a legacy in El Salvador . He and longtime partner Juan Francisco Barraza helped evolve football in El Salvador . He was known as El Estilista .",
"title": "Conrado Miranda"
},
{
"text": " His first steps as a player are traced to the Pipiles F.C . His debut at the national level was playing for Independiente de San Vicente . Later he moved to CD Alacranes which was renamed C.D . Atlético Marte at his suggestion . In 1954 Conrado Miranda was contracted as a player by Uruguay de Coronado ( Costa Rica ) for a 1-year contract . Afterwards he returned to Atlético Marte for a three-year stint but this time as player/coach that produced three national championships ( 1955,1956,1957 ) .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "He was again contracted by a Costa Rica team , Club Sport La Libertad . After this final stint on international soil Conrado Miranda returned to El Salvador where he was contracted by C.D . Águila of San Miguel as both player and coach . The team earned a championship in 1959 . In 1960 , after suffering a broken leg , he retired as a player . He took the opportunity to coach the El Salvador national football team and left his C.D . Águila team in 1st place . They won the championship with Carlos Padilla as the",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "coach ( 1960 ) .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Conrado Miranda represented El Salvador as a captain most of the time from 1948 to 1955 , during this period El Salvador won the Gold Medal at the VII Central American and Caribbean Games in 1954 in Mexico .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " As a coach Conrado Miranda has obtained multiple championships at national and international level ( 3 national championships with Atlético Marte , 3 national championships with CD Aguila , 1 CONCACAF Champions Cup ) . He has also coached El Salvador national team both at major and junior levels with success especially in 1964 when he took the youth National team to 1st place in the NORCECA , a competition played in Guatemala .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": "Conrado Miranda is also the founder of AEFES ( Asociación de Entrenadores de Fútbol de El Salvador ) for which he was the first president in 1965 and CONADEPRE ( Comisión Nacional de Deportes Recreativos de El Salvador ) . Under this institution he created what is known now as Papi fútbol ( fútbol for players over 35 ) and Babi fútbol ( fútbol for players under 15 ) as a vehicle to promote the game .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": " Conrado Miranda has received multiple honours in recognition of his illustrious career . He was named to the El Salvador Team of the 20th century and received La Espiga Dorada from the hands of the President of El Salvador at the time , Francisco Flores , in recognition for his achievements as a player and coach and for his contribution to all sporting activities at the national level .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": " - ¿QUÉPASÓCON...CONRADOMIRANDA -",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Conrado_Miranda#P54#2
|
Conrado Miranda played for which team between Sep 1948 and Feb 1950?
|
Conrado Miranda José Conrado Miranda Sasso ( born October 14 , 1928 in El Salvador ) . He was a Salvadoran football player and former coach who created a legacy in El Salvador . He and longtime partner Juan Francisco Barraza helped evolve football in El Salvador . He was known as El Estilista . Club career . His first steps as a player are traced to the Pipiles F.C . His debut at the national level was playing for Independiente de San Vicente . Later he moved to CD Alacranes which was renamed C.D . Atlético Marte at his suggestion . In 1954 Conrado Miranda was contracted as a player by Uruguay de Coronado ( Costa Rica ) for a 1-year contract . Afterwards he returned to Atlético Marte for a three-year stint but this time as player/coach that produced three national championships ( 1955,1956,1957 ) . He was again contracted by a Costa Rica team , Club Sport La Libertad . After this final stint on international soil Conrado Miranda returned to El Salvador where he was contracted by C.D . Águila of San Miguel as both player and coach . The team earned a championship in 1959 . In 1960 , after suffering a broken leg , he retired as a player . He took the opportunity to coach the El Salvador national football team and left his C.D . Águila team in 1st place . They won the championship with Carlos Padilla as the coach ( 1960 ) . International career . Conrado Miranda represented El Salvador as a captain most of the time from 1948 to 1955 , during this period El Salvador won the Gold Medal at the VII Central American and Caribbean Games in 1954 in Mexico . Managerial career . As a coach Conrado Miranda has obtained multiple championships at national and international level ( 3 national championships with Atlético Marte , 3 national championships with CD Aguila , 1 CONCACAF Champions Cup ) . He has also coached El Salvador national team both at major and junior levels with success especially in 1964 when he took the youth National team to 1st place in the NORCECA , a competition played in Guatemala . Conrado Miranda is also the founder of AEFES ( Asociación de Entrenadores de Fútbol de El Salvador ) for which he was the first president in 1965 and CONADEPRE ( Comisión Nacional de Deportes Recreativos de El Salvador ) . Under this institution he created what is known now as Papi fútbol ( fútbol for players over 35 ) and Babi fútbol ( fútbol for players under 15 ) as a vehicle to promote the game . Conrado Miranda has received multiple honours in recognition of his illustrious career . He was named to the El Salvador Team of the 20th century and received La Espiga Dorada from the hands of the President of El Salvador at the time , Francisco Flores , in recognition for his achievements as a player and coach and for his contribution to all sporting activities at the national level . External links . - ¿QUÉPASÓCON...CONRADOMIRANDA -
|
[
"El Salvador national football team",
"C.D . Atlético Marte"
] |
[
{
"text": " José Conrado Miranda Sasso ( born October 14 , 1928 in El Salvador ) . He was a Salvadoran football player and former coach who created a legacy in El Salvador . He and longtime partner Juan Francisco Barraza helped evolve football in El Salvador . He was known as El Estilista .",
"title": "Conrado Miranda"
},
{
"text": " His first steps as a player are traced to the Pipiles F.C . His debut at the national level was playing for Independiente de San Vicente . Later he moved to CD Alacranes which was renamed C.D . Atlético Marte at his suggestion . In 1954 Conrado Miranda was contracted as a player by Uruguay de Coronado ( Costa Rica ) for a 1-year contract . Afterwards he returned to Atlético Marte for a three-year stint but this time as player/coach that produced three national championships ( 1955,1956,1957 ) .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "He was again contracted by a Costa Rica team , Club Sport La Libertad . After this final stint on international soil Conrado Miranda returned to El Salvador where he was contracted by C.D . Águila of San Miguel as both player and coach . The team earned a championship in 1959 . In 1960 , after suffering a broken leg , he retired as a player . He took the opportunity to coach the El Salvador national football team and left his C.D . Águila team in 1st place . They won the championship with Carlos Padilla as the",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "coach ( 1960 ) .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Conrado Miranda represented El Salvador as a captain most of the time from 1948 to 1955 , during this period El Salvador won the Gold Medal at the VII Central American and Caribbean Games in 1954 in Mexico .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " As a coach Conrado Miranda has obtained multiple championships at national and international level ( 3 national championships with Atlético Marte , 3 national championships with CD Aguila , 1 CONCACAF Champions Cup ) . He has also coached El Salvador national team both at major and junior levels with success especially in 1964 when he took the youth National team to 1st place in the NORCECA , a competition played in Guatemala .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": "Conrado Miranda is also the founder of AEFES ( Asociación de Entrenadores de Fútbol de El Salvador ) for which he was the first president in 1965 and CONADEPRE ( Comisión Nacional de Deportes Recreativos de El Salvador ) . Under this institution he created what is known now as Papi fútbol ( fútbol for players over 35 ) and Babi fútbol ( fútbol for players under 15 ) as a vehicle to promote the game .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": " Conrado Miranda has received multiple honours in recognition of his illustrious career . He was named to the El Salvador Team of the 20th century and received La Espiga Dorada from the hands of the President of El Salvador at the time , Francisco Flores , in recognition for his achievements as a player and coach and for his contribution to all sporting activities at the national level .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": " - ¿QUÉPASÓCON...CONRADOMIRANDA -",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Conrado_Miranda#P54#3
|
Conrado Miranda played for which team in Jul 1955?
|
Conrado Miranda José Conrado Miranda Sasso ( born October 14 , 1928 in El Salvador ) . He was a Salvadoran football player and former coach who created a legacy in El Salvador . He and longtime partner Juan Francisco Barraza helped evolve football in El Salvador . He was known as El Estilista . Club career . His first steps as a player are traced to the Pipiles F.C . His debut at the national level was playing for Independiente de San Vicente . Later he moved to CD Alacranes which was renamed C.D . Atlético Marte at his suggestion . In 1954 Conrado Miranda was contracted as a player by Uruguay de Coronado ( Costa Rica ) for a 1-year contract . Afterwards he returned to Atlético Marte for a three-year stint but this time as player/coach that produced three national championships ( 1955,1956,1957 ) . He was again contracted by a Costa Rica team , Club Sport La Libertad . After this final stint on international soil Conrado Miranda returned to El Salvador where he was contracted by C.D . Águila of San Miguel as both player and coach . The team earned a championship in 1959 . In 1960 , after suffering a broken leg , he retired as a player . He took the opportunity to coach the El Salvador national football team and left his C.D . Águila team in 1st place . They won the championship with Carlos Padilla as the coach ( 1960 ) . International career . Conrado Miranda represented El Salvador as a captain most of the time from 1948 to 1955 , during this period El Salvador won the Gold Medal at the VII Central American and Caribbean Games in 1954 in Mexico . Managerial career . As a coach Conrado Miranda has obtained multiple championships at national and international level ( 3 national championships with Atlético Marte , 3 national championships with CD Aguila , 1 CONCACAF Champions Cup ) . He has also coached El Salvador national team both at major and junior levels with success especially in 1964 when he took the youth National team to 1st place in the NORCECA , a competition played in Guatemala . Conrado Miranda is also the founder of AEFES ( Asociación de Entrenadores de Fútbol de El Salvador ) for which he was the first president in 1965 and CONADEPRE ( Comisión Nacional de Deportes Recreativos de El Salvador ) . Under this institution he created what is known now as Papi fútbol ( fútbol for players over 35 ) and Babi fútbol ( fútbol for players under 15 ) as a vehicle to promote the game . Conrado Miranda has received multiple honours in recognition of his illustrious career . He was named to the El Salvador Team of the 20th century and received La Espiga Dorada from the hands of the President of El Salvador at the time , Francisco Flores , in recognition for his achievements as a player and coach and for his contribution to all sporting activities at the national level . External links . - ¿QUÉPASÓCON...CONRADOMIRANDA -
|
[
"C.D . Atlético Marte"
] |
[
{
"text": " José Conrado Miranda Sasso ( born October 14 , 1928 in El Salvador ) . He was a Salvadoran football player and former coach who created a legacy in El Salvador . He and longtime partner Juan Francisco Barraza helped evolve football in El Salvador . He was known as El Estilista .",
"title": "Conrado Miranda"
},
{
"text": " His first steps as a player are traced to the Pipiles F.C . His debut at the national level was playing for Independiente de San Vicente . Later he moved to CD Alacranes which was renamed C.D . Atlético Marte at his suggestion . In 1954 Conrado Miranda was contracted as a player by Uruguay de Coronado ( Costa Rica ) for a 1-year contract . Afterwards he returned to Atlético Marte for a three-year stint but this time as player/coach that produced three national championships ( 1955,1956,1957 ) .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "He was again contracted by a Costa Rica team , Club Sport La Libertad . After this final stint on international soil Conrado Miranda returned to El Salvador where he was contracted by C.D . Águila of San Miguel as both player and coach . The team earned a championship in 1959 . In 1960 , after suffering a broken leg , he retired as a player . He took the opportunity to coach the El Salvador national football team and left his C.D . Águila team in 1st place . They won the championship with Carlos Padilla as the",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "coach ( 1960 ) .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Conrado Miranda represented El Salvador as a captain most of the time from 1948 to 1955 , during this period El Salvador won the Gold Medal at the VII Central American and Caribbean Games in 1954 in Mexico .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " As a coach Conrado Miranda has obtained multiple championships at national and international level ( 3 national championships with Atlético Marte , 3 national championships with CD Aguila , 1 CONCACAF Champions Cup ) . He has also coached El Salvador national team both at major and junior levels with success especially in 1964 when he took the youth National team to 1st place in the NORCECA , a competition played in Guatemala .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": "Conrado Miranda is also the founder of AEFES ( Asociación de Entrenadores de Fútbol de El Salvador ) for which he was the first president in 1965 and CONADEPRE ( Comisión Nacional de Deportes Recreativos de El Salvador ) . Under this institution he created what is known now as Papi fútbol ( fútbol for players over 35 ) and Babi fútbol ( fútbol for players under 15 ) as a vehicle to promote the game .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": " Conrado Miranda has received multiple honours in recognition of his illustrious career . He was named to the El Salvador Team of the 20th century and received La Espiga Dorada from the hands of the President of El Salvador at the time , Francisco Flores , in recognition for his achievements as a player and coach and for his contribution to all sporting activities at the national level .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": " - ¿QUÉPASÓCON...CONRADOMIRANDA -",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Conrado_Miranda#P54#4
|
Conrado Miranda played for which team in Jan 1959?
|
Conrado Miranda José Conrado Miranda Sasso ( born October 14 , 1928 in El Salvador ) . He was a Salvadoran football player and former coach who created a legacy in El Salvador . He and longtime partner Juan Francisco Barraza helped evolve football in El Salvador . He was known as El Estilista . Club career . His first steps as a player are traced to the Pipiles F.C . His debut at the national level was playing for Independiente de San Vicente . Later he moved to CD Alacranes which was renamed C.D . Atlético Marte at his suggestion . In 1954 Conrado Miranda was contracted as a player by Uruguay de Coronado ( Costa Rica ) for a 1-year contract . Afterwards he returned to Atlético Marte for a three-year stint but this time as player/coach that produced three national championships ( 1955,1956,1957 ) . He was again contracted by a Costa Rica team , Club Sport La Libertad . After this final stint on international soil Conrado Miranda returned to El Salvador where he was contracted by C.D . Águila of San Miguel as both player and coach . The team earned a championship in 1959 . In 1960 , after suffering a broken leg , he retired as a player . He took the opportunity to coach the El Salvador national football team and left his C.D . Águila team in 1st place . They won the championship with Carlos Padilla as the coach ( 1960 ) . International career . Conrado Miranda represented El Salvador as a captain most of the time from 1948 to 1955 , during this period El Salvador won the Gold Medal at the VII Central American and Caribbean Games in 1954 in Mexico . Managerial career . As a coach Conrado Miranda has obtained multiple championships at national and international level ( 3 national championships with Atlético Marte , 3 national championships with CD Aguila , 1 CONCACAF Champions Cup ) . He has also coached El Salvador national team both at major and junior levels with success especially in 1964 when he took the youth National team to 1st place in the NORCECA , a competition played in Guatemala . Conrado Miranda is also the founder of AEFES ( Asociación de Entrenadores de Fútbol de El Salvador ) for which he was the first president in 1965 and CONADEPRE ( Comisión Nacional de Deportes Recreativos de El Salvador ) . Under this institution he created what is known now as Papi fútbol ( fútbol for players over 35 ) and Babi fútbol ( fútbol for players under 15 ) as a vehicle to promote the game . Conrado Miranda has received multiple honours in recognition of his illustrious career . He was named to the El Salvador Team of the 20th century and received La Espiga Dorada from the hands of the President of El Salvador at the time , Francisco Flores , in recognition for his achievements as a player and coach and for his contribution to all sporting activities at the national level . External links . - ¿QUÉPASÓCON...CONRADOMIRANDA -
|
[
"Águila"
] |
[
{
"text": " José Conrado Miranda Sasso ( born October 14 , 1928 in El Salvador ) . He was a Salvadoran football player and former coach who created a legacy in El Salvador . He and longtime partner Juan Francisco Barraza helped evolve football in El Salvador . He was known as El Estilista .",
"title": "Conrado Miranda"
},
{
"text": " His first steps as a player are traced to the Pipiles F.C . His debut at the national level was playing for Independiente de San Vicente . Later he moved to CD Alacranes which was renamed C.D . Atlético Marte at his suggestion . In 1954 Conrado Miranda was contracted as a player by Uruguay de Coronado ( Costa Rica ) for a 1-year contract . Afterwards he returned to Atlético Marte for a three-year stint but this time as player/coach that produced three national championships ( 1955,1956,1957 ) .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "He was again contracted by a Costa Rica team , Club Sport La Libertad . After this final stint on international soil Conrado Miranda returned to El Salvador where he was contracted by C.D . Águila of San Miguel as both player and coach . The team earned a championship in 1959 . In 1960 , after suffering a broken leg , he retired as a player . He took the opportunity to coach the El Salvador national football team and left his C.D . Águila team in 1st place . They won the championship with Carlos Padilla as the",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "coach ( 1960 ) .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Conrado Miranda represented El Salvador as a captain most of the time from 1948 to 1955 , during this period El Salvador won the Gold Medal at the VII Central American and Caribbean Games in 1954 in Mexico .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " As a coach Conrado Miranda has obtained multiple championships at national and international level ( 3 national championships with Atlético Marte , 3 national championships with CD Aguila , 1 CONCACAF Champions Cup ) . He has also coached El Salvador national team both at major and junior levels with success especially in 1964 when he took the youth National team to 1st place in the NORCECA , a competition played in Guatemala .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": "Conrado Miranda is also the founder of AEFES ( Asociación de Entrenadores de Fútbol de El Salvador ) for which he was the first president in 1965 and CONADEPRE ( Comisión Nacional de Deportes Recreativos de El Salvador ) . Under this institution he created what is known now as Papi fútbol ( fútbol for players over 35 ) and Babi fútbol ( fútbol for players under 15 ) as a vehicle to promote the game .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": " Conrado Miranda has received multiple honours in recognition of his illustrious career . He was named to the El Salvador Team of the 20th century and received La Espiga Dorada from the hands of the President of El Salvador at the time , Francisco Flores , in recognition for his achievements as a player and coach and for his contribution to all sporting activities at the national level .",
"title": "Managerial career"
},
{
"text": " - ¿QUÉPASÓCON...CONRADOMIRANDA -",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Brian_Kidd#P54#0
|
Brian Kidd played for which team between Aug 1968 and Nov 1971?
|
Brian Kidd Brian Kidd ( born 29 May 1949 ) is an English football coach and former player , who is currently assistant coach of Manchester City , alongside manager Pep Guardiola . Kidd was also assistant to Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson from 1991 to 1998 . In this role he was pivotal in the development of a group of young footballers known as Fergies Fledglings . Kidds first spell as assistant manager of Manchester City came under manager Roberto Mancini , who moved Kidd from the youth setup to become his sole assistant manager . After one year , Kidd became a co-assistant , initially alongside Attilio Lombardo and latterly alongside David Platt . Following the departure of Mancini , Kidd had a brief spell as caretaker manager of Manchester City for two games at the close of the 2012–13 season , as well as the USA tour . Under the subsequent helm of Manuel Pellegrini of the sky blues , Kidd was the co-assistant manager , alongside Rubén Cousillas . Kidd , who featured as a striker , played for Manchester United , Arsenal , Manchester City , Everton , Bolton Wanderers , Fort Lauderdale Strikers and the Minnesota Strikers in his footballing career . Playing career . Kidd was born in Collyhurst , Manchester , and started playing for Manchester United as a youngster whose academy he joined in August 1964 . Two years later , he went on to become a professional player with the club . Kidd had the distinction of scoring on his 19th birthday for Manchester United in their 4–1 victory over Benfica in the 1968 European Cup Final . All in all , he scored 52 times in 203 league appearances for Manchester United . Following Uniteds relegation to the Football League Second Division in 1974 , Kidd was transferred to Arsenal for £110,000 . Kidd scored on his debut for Arsenal against Leicester City at Filbert Street . He then scored a brace at home against Manchester City . He was by far Arsenals top goalscorer during the 1974–75 season , scoring 19 goals in 40 appearances . In the following season Kidd , on 20 March 1976 , scored a hat-trick against West Ham United in a 6–1 win at Highbury . Altogether Kidd scored 34 times for Arsenal from 90 appearances . In July 1976 , he was sold to Manchester City for a fee of £100,000 . With Manchester City , Kidd scored three times against rivals Manchester United , in a 3–1 win at Maine Road and a 2–2 draw at Old Trafford during the 1977–78 season . He would play 98 times for Manchester City , netting 44 goals . He then moved to Everton in March 1979 for £150,000 . With the Toffees , Kidd netted 12 times in 44 appearances and was sent off in an FA Cup semi final against West Ham United . Kidd then joined Bolton Wanderers in May 1980 for £110,000 . Kidd found the back of the net a total of 13 times for Bolton where he made a total of 43 appearances at and away from Burnden Park . He was then loaned out to NASL team Atlanta Chiefs in 1981 . He played 29 times for the chiefs , scoring on 23 occasions . In January 1982 , Kidd moved on from Bolton to return to the NASL . He then signed with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers and two years afterward with the Minnesota Strikers . He was prolific with both teams when it came to goalscoring , but in 1984 he retired from the game . International career . Kidd was capped twice for the England national football team with both of those appearances coming in 1970 . Management and coaching career . 1984–2008 . In 1984 , Kidd began his coaching career at Barrow . He briefly managed Preston North End for several games in 1986 . Kidd then became involved in coaching young players before being brought back to Manchester United as a youth team coach by Alex Ferguson in 1988 . Over the next three years Kidd helped to bring through a host of talented players like Ryan Giggs and Darren Ferguson . When Fergusons assistant Archie Knox moved to a similar capacity at Glasgow Rangers in the summer of 1991 , Kidd was promoted to the role of assistant manager . He helped Ferguson guide United to a Football League Cup win in 1992 , the Premier League title in 1993 , the double in 1994 and again in 1996 , as well as another Premier League title in 1997 . Kidd left United to take charge at Blackburn Rovers in December 1998 , replacing Roy Hodgson who had been sacked after Blackburns poor start to the season left them in the relegation zone . Despite Kidd having a promising start with Rovers , which saw him voted Premier League Manager of the Month and having also spent nearly £20 million on new players in his first four months in charge he was unable to save them from being relegated from the Premier League ( just four years after being champions ) and Kidd was dismissed on 3 November 1999 with Rovers standing 19th in Division One . In 1999 , a rift developed between Kidd and Alex Ferguson after Kidd was strongly criticised in Fergusons autobiography Managing My Life . Ferguson was angered that when Kidd was his assistant manager he had questioned Uniteds 1998 summer signing of striker Dwight Yorke . Ferguson criticised Kidds footballing judgement and wrote in his book : I saw Brian Kidd as a complex person , often quite insecure , particularly about his health . Kidd was upset at Fergusons attack on him and responded by saying : I believe Walt Disney is trying to buy the film rights to his book as a sequel to Fantasia . Kidd moved to Leeds United in May 2000 as youth coach but was promoted to act as Head Coach in March 2001 under David OLeary then Terry Venables . He left Leeds in May 2003 after Peter Reid was appointed manager . Meanwhile , Kidd was named as assistant to England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson in January 2003 . He was forced to end this role in May 2004 , just weeks before Euro 2004 , due to undergoing surgery for prostate cancer . Kidd had recovered by February 2006 . In August 2006 , former United player Roy Keane was appointed manager of Sunderland and there were reports that Keane wanted Kidd to become his assistant manager at the Stadium of Light . However , Kidd instead accepted an offer to work as assistant to Neil Warnock at Sheffield United a few months after their promotion to the Premier League . After the Blades were relegated and Warnock resigned , Kidd remained at Bramall Lane under new manager Bryan Robson ( another former Manchester United player ) but left the club after Robson departed in February 2008 . 2009–present . On 11 February 2009 , Kidd was appointed as the assistant to caretaker manager Paul Hart at Premier League side Portsmouth . He stayed until August 2009 , when he rejected a new contract offer . Kidd became Technical Development Manager at Manchester City in September 2009 , before becoming assistant manager to new boss Roberto Mancini on 19 December 2009 , following the sacking of manager Mark Hughes . In February 2011 , Kidd said that he was willing to give Alex Ferguson the benefit of the doubt in the dispute that the two men had in the late 1990s . Kidd revealed that although there was no phone call from Ferguson when he was fighting prostate cancer in 2004 , he was now speaking to Ferguson after matches again . In the 2011 FA Cup Final , Manchester City won their first major trophy for 35 years after beating Stoke City 1–0 . In the following 2011–12 season , City were crowned league champions for the first time since 1968 . In an extraordinary finale to the season , City scored twice in stoppage time to beat Queens Park Rangers 3–2 in dramatic style to win the Premier League on goal difference from Manchester United . Together with Mancini and Citys first team coach David Platt , Kidd raced on to the pitch to celebrate Sergio Agüeros title-winning goal for City . Honours . Player . Manchester United - FA Charity Shield : 1967 - European Cup : 1967–68 Manager . Individual - Premier League Manager of the Month : December 1998 External links . - Football Association – Brian Kidd profile - NASL stats
|
[
"Manchester United"
] |
[
{
"text": " Brian Kidd ( born 29 May 1949 ) is an English football coach and former player , who is currently assistant coach of Manchester City , alongside manager Pep Guardiola . Kidd was also assistant to Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson from 1991 to 1998 . In this role he was pivotal in the development of a group of young footballers known as Fergies Fledglings .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": "Kidds first spell as assistant manager of Manchester City came under manager Roberto Mancini , who moved Kidd from the youth setup to become his sole assistant manager . After one year , Kidd became a co-assistant , initially alongside Attilio Lombardo and latterly alongside David Platt . Following the departure of Mancini , Kidd had a brief spell as caretaker manager of Manchester City for two games at the close of the 2012–13 season , as well as the USA tour . Under the subsequent helm of Manuel Pellegrini of the sky blues , Kidd was the co-assistant manager",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": ", alongside Rubén Cousillas .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": " Kidd , who featured as a striker , played for Manchester United , Arsenal , Manchester City , Everton , Bolton Wanderers , Fort Lauderdale Strikers and the Minnesota Strikers in his footballing career .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": " Kidd was born in Collyhurst , Manchester , and started playing for Manchester United as a youngster whose academy he joined in August 1964 . Two years later , he went on to become a professional player with the club . Kidd had the distinction of scoring on his 19th birthday for Manchester United in their 4–1 victory over Benfica in the 1968 European Cup Final . All in all , he scored 52 times in 203 league appearances for Manchester United .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "Following Uniteds relegation to the Football League Second Division in 1974 , Kidd was transferred to Arsenal for £110,000 . Kidd scored on his debut for Arsenal against Leicester City at Filbert Street . He then scored a brace at home against Manchester City . He was by far Arsenals top goalscorer during the 1974–75 season , scoring 19 goals in 40 appearances . In the following season Kidd , on 20 March 1976 , scored a hat-trick against West Ham United in a 6–1 win at Highbury . Altogether Kidd scored 34 times for Arsenal from 90 appearances .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "In July 1976 , he was sold to Manchester City for a fee of £100,000 .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "With Manchester City , Kidd scored three times against rivals Manchester United , in a 3–1 win at Maine Road and a 2–2 draw at Old Trafford during the 1977–78 season . He would play 98 times for Manchester City , netting 44 goals . He then moved to Everton in March 1979 for £150,000 . With the Toffees , Kidd netted 12 times in 44 appearances and was sent off in an FA Cup semi final against West Ham United . Kidd then joined Bolton Wanderers in May 1980 for £110,000 . Kidd found the back of the net",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "a total of 13 times for Bolton where he made a total of 43 appearances at and away from Burnden Park . He was then loaned out to NASL team Atlanta Chiefs in 1981 . He played 29 times for the chiefs , scoring on 23 occasions .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " In January 1982 , Kidd moved on from Bolton to return to the NASL . He then signed with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers and two years afterward with the Minnesota Strikers . He was prolific with both teams when it came to goalscoring , but in 1984 he retired from the game .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " Kidd was capped twice for the England national football team with both of those appearances coming in 1970 . Management and coaching career . 1984–2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In 1984 , Kidd began his coaching career at Barrow . He briefly managed Preston North End for several games in 1986 . Kidd then became involved in coaching young players before being brought back to Manchester United as a youth team coach by Alex Ferguson in 1988 . Over the next three years Kidd helped to bring through a host of talented players like Ryan Giggs and Darren Ferguson . When Fergusons assistant Archie Knox moved to a similar capacity at Glasgow Rangers in the summer of 1991 , Kidd was promoted to the role of assistant manager .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "He helped Ferguson guide United to a Football League Cup win in 1992 , the Premier League title in 1993 , the double in 1994 and again in 1996 , as well as another Premier League title in 1997 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Kidd left United to take charge at Blackburn Rovers in December 1998 , replacing Roy Hodgson who had been sacked after Blackburns poor start to the season left them in the relegation zone . Despite Kidd having a promising start with Rovers , which saw him voted Premier League Manager of the Month and having also spent nearly £20 million on new players in his first four months in charge he was unable to save them from being relegated from the Premier League ( just four years after being champions ) and Kidd was dismissed on 3 November 1999 with",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Rovers standing 19th in Division One .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , a rift developed between Kidd and Alex Ferguson after Kidd was strongly criticised in Fergusons autobiography Managing My Life . Ferguson was angered that when Kidd was his assistant manager he had questioned Uniteds 1998 summer signing of striker Dwight Yorke . Ferguson criticised Kidds footballing judgement and wrote in his book : I saw Brian Kidd as a complex person , often quite insecure , particularly about his health . Kidd was upset at Fergusons attack on him and responded by saying : I believe Walt Disney is trying to buy the film rights to his",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "book as a sequel to Fantasia .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Kidd moved to Leeds United in May 2000 as youth coach but was promoted to act as Head Coach in March 2001 under David OLeary then Terry Venables . He left Leeds in May 2003 after Peter Reid was appointed manager . Meanwhile , Kidd was named as assistant to England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson in January 2003 . He was forced to end this role in May 2004 , just weeks before Euro 2004 , due to undergoing surgery for prostate cancer . Kidd had recovered by February 2006 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In August 2006 , former United player Roy Keane was appointed manager of Sunderland and there were reports that Keane wanted Kidd to become his assistant manager at the Stadium of Light . However , Kidd instead accepted an offer to work as assistant to Neil Warnock at Sheffield United a few months after their promotion to the Premier League . After the Blades were relegated and Warnock resigned , Kidd remained at Bramall Lane under new manager Bryan Robson ( another former Manchester United player ) but left the club after Robson departed in February 2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " 2009–present . On 11 February 2009 , Kidd was appointed as the assistant to caretaker manager Paul Hart at Premier League side Portsmouth . He stayed until August 2009 , when he rejected a new contract offer . Kidd became Technical Development Manager at Manchester City in September 2009 , before becoming assistant manager to new boss Roberto Mancini on 19 December 2009 , following the sacking of manager Mark Hughes .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In February 2011 , Kidd said that he was willing to give Alex Ferguson the benefit of the doubt in the dispute that the two men had in the late 1990s . Kidd revealed that although there was no phone call from Ferguson when he was fighting prostate cancer in 2004 , he was now speaking to Ferguson after matches again .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011 FA Cup Final , Manchester City won their first major trophy for 35 years after beating Stoke City 1–0 . In the following 2011–12 season , City were crowned league champions for the first time since 1968 . In an extraordinary finale to the season , City scored twice in stoppage time to beat Queens Park Rangers 3–2 in dramatic style to win the Premier League on goal difference from Manchester United . Together with Mancini and Citys first team coach David Platt , Kidd raced on to the pitch to celebrate Sergio Agüeros title-winning goal for",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "City .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Football Association – Brian Kidd profile - NASL stats",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Brian_Kidd#P54#1
|
Brian Kidd played for which team in Oct 1974?
|
Brian Kidd Brian Kidd ( born 29 May 1949 ) is an English football coach and former player , who is currently assistant coach of Manchester City , alongside manager Pep Guardiola . Kidd was also assistant to Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson from 1991 to 1998 . In this role he was pivotal in the development of a group of young footballers known as Fergies Fledglings . Kidds first spell as assistant manager of Manchester City came under manager Roberto Mancini , who moved Kidd from the youth setup to become his sole assistant manager . After one year , Kidd became a co-assistant , initially alongside Attilio Lombardo and latterly alongside David Platt . Following the departure of Mancini , Kidd had a brief spell as caretaker manager of Manchester City for two games at the close of the 2012–13 season , as well as the USA tour . Under the subsequent helm of Manuel Pellegrini of the sky blues , Kidd was the co-assistant manager , alongside Rubén Cousillas . Kidd , who featured as a striker , played for Manchester United , Arsenal , Manchester City , Everton , Bolton Wanderers , Fort Lauderdale Strikers and the Minnesota Strikers in his footballing career . Playing career . Kidd was born in Collyhurst , Manchester , and started playing for Manchester United as a youngster whose academy he joined in August 1964 . Two years later , he went on to become a professional player with the club . Kidd had the distinction of scoring on his 19th birthday for Manchester United in their 4–1 victory over Benfica in the 1968 European Cup Final . All in all , he scored 52 times in 203 league appearances for Manchester United . Following Uniteds relegation to the Football League Second Division in 1974 , Kidd was transferred to Arsenal for £110,000 . Kidd scored on his debut for Arsenal against Leicester City at Filbert Street . He then scored a brace at home against Manchester City . He was by far Arsenals top goalscorer during the 1974–75 season , scoring 19 goals in 40 appearances . In the following season Kidd , on 20 March 1976 , scored a hat-trick against West Ham United in a 6–1 win at Highbury . Altogether Kidd scored 34 times for Arsenal from 90 appearances . In July 1976 , he was sold to Manchester City for a fee of £100,000 . With Manchester City , Kidd scored three times against rivals Manchester United , in a 3–1 win at Maine Road and a 2–2 draw at Old Trafford during the 1977–78 season . He would play 98 times for Manchester City , netting 44 goals . He then moved to Everton in March 1979 for £150,000 . With the Toffees , Kidd netted 12 times in 44 appearances and was sent off in an FA Cup semi final against West Ham United . Kidd then joined Bolton Wanderers in May 1980 for £110,000 . Kidd found the back of the net a total of 13 times for Bolton where he made a total of 43 appearances at and away from Burnden Park . He was then loaned out to NASL team Atlanta Chiefs in 1981 . He played 29 times for the chiefs , scoring on 23 occasions . In January 1982 , Kidd moved on from Bolton to return to the NASL . He then signed with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers and two years afterward with the Minnesota Strikers . He was prolific with both teams when it came to goalscoring , but in 1984 he retired from the game . International career . Kidd was capped twice for the England national football team with both of those appearances coming in 1970 . Management and coaching career . 1984–2008 . In 1984 , Kidd began his coaching career at Barrow . He briefly managed Preston North End for several games in 1986 . Kidd then became involved in coaching young players before being brought back to Manchester United as a youth team coach by Alex Ferguson in 1988 . Over the next three years Kidd helped to bring through a host of talented players like Ryan Giggs and Darren Ferguson . When Fergusons assistant Archie Knox moved to a similar capacity at Glasgow Rangers in the summer of 1991 , Kidd was promoted to the role of assistant manager . He helped Ferguson guide United to a Football League Cup win in 1992 , the Premier League title in 1993 , the double in 1994 and again in 1996 , as well as another Premier League title in 1997 . Kidd left United to take charge at Blackburn Rovers in December 1998 , replacing Roy Hodgson who had been sacked after Blackburns poor start to the season left them in the relegation zone . Despite Kidd having a promising start with Rovers , which saw him voted Premier League Manager of the Month and having also spent nearly £20 million on new players in his first four months in charge he was unable to save them from being relegated from the Premier League ( just four years after being champions ) and Kidd was dismissed on 3 November 1999 with Rovers standing 19th in Division One . In 1999 , a rift developed between Kidd and Alex Ferguson after Kidd was strongly criticised in Fergusons autobiography Managing My Life . Ferguson was angered that when Kidd was his assistant manager he had questioned Uniteds 1998 summer signing of striker Dwight Yorke . Ferguson criticised Kidds footballing judgement and wrote in his book : I saw Brian Kidd as a complex person , often quite insecure , particularly about his health . Kidd was upset at Fergusons attack on him and responded by saying : I believe Walt Disney is trying to buy the film rights to his book as a sequel to Fantasia . Kidd moved to Leeds United in May 2000 as youth coach but was promoted to act as Head Coach in March 2001 under David OLeary then Terry Venables . He left Leeds in May 2003 after Peter Reid was appointed manager . Meanwhile , Kidd was named as assistant to England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson in January 2003 . He was forced to end this role in May 2004 , just weeks before Euro 2004 , due to undergoing surgery for prostate cancer . Kidd had recovered by February 2006 . In August 2006 , former United player Roy Keane was appointed manager of Sunderland and there were reports that Keane wanted Kidd to become his assistant manager at the Stadium of Light . However , Kidd instead accepted an offer to work as assistant to Neil Warnock at Sheffield United a few months after their promotion to the Premier League . After the Blades were relegated and Warnock resigned , Kidd remained at Bramall Lane under new manager Bryan Robson ( another former Manchester United player ) but left the club after Robson departed in February 2008 . 2009–present . On 11 February 2009 , Kidd was appointed as the assistant to caretaker manager Paul Hart at Premier League side Portsmouth . He stayed until August 2009 , when he rejected a new contract offer . Kidd became Technical Development Manager at Manchester City in September 2009 , before becoming assistant manager to new boss Roberto Mancini on 19 December 2009 , following the sacking of manager Mark Hughes . In February 2011 , Kidd said that he was willing to give Alex Ferguson the benefit of the doubt in the dispute that the two men had in the late 1990s . Kidd revealed that although there was no phone call from Ferguson when he was fighting prostate cancer in 2004 , he was now speaking to Ferguson after matches again . In the 2011 FA Cup Final , Manchester City won their first major trophy for 35 years after beating Stoke City 1–0 . In the following 2011–12 season , City were crowned league champions for the first time since 1968 . In an extraordinary finale to the season , City scored twice in stoppage time to beat Queens Park Rangers 3–2 in dramatic style to win the Premier League on goal difference from Manchester United . Together with Mancini and Citys first team coach David Platt , Kidd raced on to the pitch to celebrate Sergio Agüeros title-winning goal for City . Honours . Player . Manchester United - FA Charity Shield : 1967 - European Cup : 1967–68 Manager . Individual - Premier League Manager of the Month : December 1998 External links . - Football Association – Brian Kidd profile - NASL stats
|
[
"Arsenal"
] |
[
{
"text": " Brian Kidd ( born 29 May 1949 ) is an English football coach and former player , who is currently assistant coach of Manchester City , alongside manager Pep Guardiola . Kidd was also assistant to Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson from 1991 to 1998 . In this role he was pivotal in the development of a group of young footballers known as Fergies Fledglings .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": "Kidds first spell as assistant manager of Manchester City came under manager Roberto Mancini , who moved Kidd from the youth setup to become his sole assistant manager . After one year , Kidd became a co-assistant , initially alongside Attilio Lombardo and latterly alongside David Platt . Following the departure of Mancini , Kidd had a brief spell as caretaker manager of Manchester City for two games at the close of the 2012–13 season , as well as the USA tour . Under the subsequent helm of Manuel Pellegrini of the sky blues , Kidd was the co-assistant manager",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": ", alongside Rubén Cousillas .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": " Kidd , who featured as a striker , played for Manchester United , Arsenal , Manchester City , Everton , Bolton Wanderers , Fort Lauderdale Strikers and the Minnesota Strikers in his footballing career .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": " Kidd was born in Collyhurst , Manchester , and started playing for Manchester United as a youngster whose academy he joined in August 1964 . Two years later , he went on to become a professional player with the club . Kidd had the distinction of scoring on his 19th birthday for Manchester United in their 4–1 victory over Benfica in the 1968 European Cup Final . All in all , he scored 52 times in 203 league appearances for Manchester United .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "Following Uniteds relegation to the Football League Second Division in 1974 , Kidd was transferred to Arsenal for £110,000 . Kidd scored on his debut for Arsenal against Leicester City at Filbert Street . He then scored a brace at home against Manchester City . He was by far Arsenals top goalscorer during the 1974–75 season , scoring 19 goals in 40 appearances . In the following season Kidd , on 20 March 1976 , scored a hat-trick against West Ham United in a 6–1 win at Highbury . Altogether Kidd scored 34 times for Arsenal from 90 appearances .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "In July 1976 , he was sold to Manchester City for a fee of £100,000 .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "With Manchester City , Kidd scored three times against rivals Manchester United , in a 3–1 win at Maine Road and a 2–2 draw at Old Trafford during the 1977–78 season . He would play 98 times for Manchester City , netting 44 goals . He then moved to Everton in March 1979 for £150,000 . With the Toffees , Kidd netted 12 times in 44 appearances and was sent off in an FA Cup semi final against West Ham United . Kidd then joined Bolton Wanderers in May 1980 for £110,000 . Kidd found the back of the net",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "a total of 13 times for Bolton where he made a total of 43 appearances at and away from Burnden Park . He was then loaned out to NASL team Atlanta Chiefs in 1981 . He played 29 times for the chiefs , scoring on 23 occasions .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " In January 1982 , Kidd moved on from Bolton to return to the NASL . He then signed with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers and two years afterward with the Minnesota Strikers . He was prolific with both teams when it came to goalscoring , but in 1984 he retired from the game .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " Kidd was capped twice for the England national football team with both of those appearances coming in 1970 . Management and coaching career . 1984–2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In 1984 , Kidd began his coaching career at Barrow . He briefly managed Preston North End for several games in 1986 . Kidd then became involved in coaching young players before being brought back to Manchester United as a youth team coach by Alex Ferguson in 1988 . Over the next three years Kidd helped to bring through a host of talented players like Ryan Giggs and Darren Ferguson . When Fergusons assistant Archie Knox moved to a similar capacity at Glasgow Rangers in the summer of 1991 , Kidd was promoted to the role of assistant manager .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "He helped Ferguson guide United to a Football League Cup win in 1992 , the Premier League title in 1993 , the double in 1994 and again in 1996 , as well as another Premier League title in 1997 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Kidd left United to take charge at Blackburn Rovers in December 1998 , replacing Roy Hodgson who had been sacked after Blackburns poor start to the season left them in the relegation zone . Despite Kidd having a promising start with Rovers , which saw him voted Premier League Manager of the Month and having also spent nearly £20 million on new players in his first four months in charge he was unable to save them from being relegated from the Premier League ( just four years after being champions ) and Kidd was dismissed on 3 November 1999 with",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Rovers standing 19th in Division One .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , a rift developed between Kidd and Alex Ferguson after Kidd was strongly criticised in Fergusons autobiography Managing My Life . Ferguson was angered that when Kidd was his assistant manager he had questioned Uniteds 1998 summer signing of striker Dwight Yorke . Ferguson criticised Kidds footballing judgement and wrote in his book : I saw Brian Kidd as a complex person , often quite insecure , particularly about his health . Kidd was upset at Fergusons attack on him and responded by saying : I believe Walt Disney is trying to buy the film rights to his",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "book as a sequel to Fantasia .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Kidd moved to Leeds United in May 2000 as youth coach but was promoted to act as Head Coach in March 2001 under David OLeary then Terry Venables . He left Leeds in May 2003 after Peter Reid was appointed manager . Meanwhile , Kidd was named as assistant to England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson in January 2003 . He was forced to end this role in May 2004 , just weeks before Euro 2004 , due to undergoing surgery for prostate cancer . Kidd had recovered by February 2006 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In August 2006 , former United player Roy Keane was appointed manager of Sunderland and there were reports that Keane wanted Kidd to become his assistant manager at the Stadium of Light . However , Kidd instead accepted an offer to work as assistant to Neil Warnock at Sheffield United a few months after their promotion to the Premier League . After the Blades were relegated and Warnock resigned , Kidd remained at Bramall Lane under new manager Bryan Robson ( another former Manchester United player ) but left the club after Robson departed in February 2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " 2009–present . On 11 February 2009 , Kidd was appointed as the assistant to caretaker manager Paul Hart at Premier League side Portsmouth . He stayed until August 2009 , when he rejected a new contract offer . Kidd became Technical Development Manager at Manchester City in September 2009 , before becoming assistant manager to new boss Roberto Mancini on 19 December 2009 , following the sacking of manager Mark Hughes .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In February 2011 , Kidd said that he was willing to give Alex Ferguson the benefit of the doubt in the dispute that the two men had in the late 1990s . Kidd revealed that although there was no phone call from Ferguson when he was fighting prostate cancer in 2004 , he was now speaking to Ferguson after matches again .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011 FA Cup Final , Manchester City won their first major trophy for 35 years after beating Stoke City 1–0 . In the following 2011–12 season , City were crowned league champions for the first time since 1968 . In an extraordinary finale to the season , City scored twice in stoppage time to beat Queens Park Rangers 3–2 in dramatic style to win the Premier League on goal difference from Manchester United . Together with Mancini and Citys first team coach David Platt , Kidd raced on to the pitch to celebrate Sergio Agüeros title-winning goal for",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "City .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Football Association – Brian Kidd profile - NASL stats",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Brian_Kidd#P54#2
|
Brian Kidd played for which team between Nov 1977 and Oct 1978?
|
Brian Kidd Brian Kidd ( born 29 May 1949 ) is an English football coach and former player , who is currently assistant coach of Manchester City , alongside manager Pep Guardiola . Kidd was also assistant to Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson from 1991 to 1998 . In this role he was pivotal in the development of a group of young footballers known as Fergies Fledglings . Kidds first spell as assistant manager of Manchester City came under manager Roberto Mancini , who moved Kidd from the youth setup to become his sole assistant manager . After one year , Kidd became a co-assistant , initially alongside Attilio Lombardo and latterly alongside David Platt . Following the departure of Mancini , Kidd had a brief spell as caretaker manager of Manchester City for two games at the close of the 2012–13 season , as well as the USA tour . Under the subsequent helm of Manuel Pellegrini of the sky blues , Kidd was the co-assistant manager , alongside Rubén Cousillas . Kidd , who featured as a striker , played for Manchester United , Arsenal , Manchester City , Everton , Bolton Wanderers , Fort Lauderdale Strikers and the Minnesota Strikers in his footballing career . Playing career . Kidd was born in Collyhurst , Manchester , and started playing for Manchester United as a youngster whose academy he joined in August 1964 . Two years later , he went on to become a professional player with the club . Kidd had the distinction of scoring on his 19th birthday for Manchester United in their 4–1 victory over Benfica in the 1968 European Cup Final . All in all , he scored 52 times in 203 league appearances for Manchester United . Following Uniteds relegation to the Football League Second Division in 1974 , Kidd was transferred to Arsenal for £110,000 . Kidd scored on his debut for Arsenal against Leicester City at Filbert Street . He then scored a brace at home against Manchester City . He was by far Arsenals top goalscorer during the 1974–75 season , scoring 19 goals in 40 appearances . In the following season Kidd , on 20 March 1976 , scored a hat-trick against West Ham United in a 6–1 win at Highbury . Altogether Kidd scored 34 times for Arsenal from 90 appearances . In July 1976 , he was sold to Manchester City for a fee of £100,000 . With Manchester City , Kidd scored three times against rivals Manchester United , in a 3–1 win at Maine Road and a 2–2 draw at Old Trafford during the 1977–78 season . He would play 98 times for Manchester City , netting 44 goals . He then moved to Everton in March 1979 for £150,000 . With the Toffees , Kidd netted 12 times in 44 appearances and was sent off in an FA Cup semi final against West Ham United . Kidd then joined Bolton Wanderers in May 1980 for £110,000 . Kidd found the back of the net a total of 13 times for Bolton where he made a total of 43 appearances at and away from Burnden Park . He was then loaned out to NASL team Atlanta Chiefs in 1981 . He played 29 times for the chiefs , scoring on 23 occasions . In January 1982 , Kidd moved on from Bolton to return to the NASL . He then signed with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers and two years afterward with the Minnesota Strikers . He was prolific with both teams when it came to goalscoring , but in 1984 he retired from the game . International career . Kidd was capped twice for the England national football team with both of those appearances coming in 1970 . Management and coaching career . 1984–2008 . In 1984 , Kidd began his coaching career at Barrow . He briefly managed Preston North End for several games in 1986 . Kidd then became involved in coaching young players before being brought back to Manchester United as a youth team coach by Alex Ferguson in 1988 . Over the next three years Kidd helped to bring through a host of talented players like Ryan Giggs and Darren Ferguson . When Fergusons assistant Archie Knox moved to a similar capacity at Glasgow Rangers in the summer of 1991 , Kidd was promoted to the role of assistant manager . He helped Ferguson guide United to a Football League Cup win in 1992 , the Premier League title in 1993 , the double in 1994 and again in 1996 , as well as another Premier League title in 1997 . Kidd left United to take charge at Blackburn Rovers in December 1998 , replacing Roy Hodgson who had been sacked after Blackburns poor start to the season left them in the relegation zone . Despite Kidd having a promising start with Rovers , which saw him voted Premier League Manager of the Month and having also spent nearly £20 million on new players in his first four months in charge he was unable to save them from being relegated from the Premier League ( just four years after being champions ) and Kidd was dismissed on 3 November 1999 with Rovers standing 19th in Division One . In 1999 , a rift developed between Kidd and Alex Ferguson after Kidd was strongly criticised in Fergusons autobiography Managing My Life . Ferguson was angered that when Kidd was his assistant manager he had questioned Uniteds 1998 summer signing of striker Dwight Yorke . Ferguson criticised Kidds footballing judgement and wrote in his book : I saw Brian Kidd as a complex person , often quite insecure , particularly about his health . Kidd was upset at Fergusons attack on him and responded by saying : I believe Walt Disney is trying to buy the film rights to his book as a sequel to Fantasia . Kidd moved to Leeds United in May 2000 as youth coach but was promoted to act as Head Coach in March 2001 under David OLeary then Terry Venables . He left Leeds in May 2003 after Peter Reid was appointed manager . Meanwhile , Kidd was named as assistant to England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson in January 2003 . He was forced to end this role in May 2004 , just weeks before Euro 2004 , due to undergoing surgery for prostate cancer . Kidd had recovered by February 2006 . In August 2006 , former United player Roy Keane was appointed manager of Sunderland and there were reports that Keane wanted Kidd to become his assistant manager at the Stadium of Light . However , Kidd instead accepted an offer to work as assistant to Neil Warnock at Sheffield United a few months after their promotion to the Premier League . After the Blades were relegated and Warnock resigned , Kidd remained at Bramall Lane under new manager Bryan Robson ( another former Manchester United player ) but left the club after Robson departed in February 2008 . 2009–present . On 11 February 2009 , Kidd was appointed as the assistant to caretaker manager Paul Hart at Premier League side Portsmouth . He stayed until August 2009 , when he rejected a new contract offer . Kidd became Technical Development Manager at Manchester City in September 2009 , before becoming assistant manager to new boss Roberto Mancini on 19 December 2009 , following the sacking of manager Mark Hughes . In February 2011 , Kidd said that he was willing to give Alex Ferguson the benefit of the doubt in the dispute that the two men had in the late 1990s . Kidd revealed that although there was no phone call from Ferguson when he was fighting prostate cancer in 2004 , he was now speaking to Ferguson after matches again . In the 2011 FA Cup Final , Manchester City won their first major trophy for 35 years after beating Stoke City 1–0 . In the following 2011–12 season , City were crowned league champions for the first time since 1968 . In an extraordinary finale to the season , City scored twice in stoppage time to beat Queens Park Rangers 3–2 in dramatic style to win the Premier League on goal difference from Manchester United . Together with Mancini and Citys first team coach David Platt , Kidd raced on to the pitch to celebrate Sergio Agüeros title-winning goal for City . Honours . Player . Manchester United - FA Charity Shield : 1967 - European Cup : 1967–68 Manager . Individual - Premier League Manager of the Month : December 1998 External links . - Football Association – Brian Kidd profile - NASL stats
|
[
"Manchester City"
] |
[
{
"text": " Brian Kidd ( born 29 May 1949 ) is an English football coach and former player , who is currently assistant coach of Manchester City , alongside manager Pep Guardiola . Kidd was also assistant to Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson from 1991 to 1998 . In this role he was pivotal in the development of a group of young footballers known as Fergies Fledglings .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": "Kidds first spell as assistant manager of Manchester City came under manager Roberto Mancini , who moved Kidd from the youth setup to become his sole assistant manager . After one year , Kidd became a co-assistant , initially alongside Attilio Lombardo and latterly alongside David Platt . Following the departure of Mancini , Kidd had a brief spell as caretaker manager of Manchester City for two games at the close of the 2012–13 season , as well as the USA tour . Under the subsequent helm of Manuel Pellegrini of the sky blues , Kidd was the co-assistant manager",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": ", alongside Rubén Cousillas .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": " Kidd , who featured as a striker , played for Manchester United , Arsenal , Manchester City , Everton , Bolton Wanderers , Fort Lauderdale Strikers and the Minnesota Strikers in his footballing career .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": " Kidd was born in Collyhurst , Manchester , and started playing for Manchester United as a youngster whose academy he joined in August 1964 . Two years later , he went on to become a professional player with the club . Kidd had the distinction of scoring on his 19th birthday for Manchester United in their 4–1 victory over Benfica in the 1968 European Cup Final . All in all , he scored 52 times in 203 league appearances for Manchester United .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "Following Uniteds relegation to the Football League Second Division in 1974 , Kidd was transferred to Arsenal for £110,000 . Kidd scored on his debut for Arsenal against Leicester City at Filbert Street . He then scored a brace at home against Manchester City . He was by far Arsenals top goalscorer during the 1974–75 season , scoring 19 goals in 40 appearances . In the following season Kidd , on 20 March 1976 , scored a hat-trick against West Ham United in a 6–1 win at Highbury . Altogether Kidd scored 34 times for Arsenal from 90 appearances .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "In July 1976 , he was sold to Manchester City for a fee of £100,000 .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "With Manchester City , Kidd scored three times against rivals Manchester United , in a 3–1 win at Maine Road and a 2–2 draw at Old Trafford during the 1977–78 season . He would play 98 times for Manchester City , netting 44 goals . He then moved to Everton in March 1979 for £150,000 . With the Toffees , Kidd netted 12 times in 44 appearances and was sent off in an FA Cup semi final against West Ham United . Kidd then joined Bolton Wanderers in May 1980 for £110,000 . Kidd found the back of the net",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "a total of 13 times for Bolton where he made a total of 43 appearances at and away from Burnden Park . He was then loaned out to NASL team Atlanta Chiefs in 1981 . He played 29 times for the chiefs , scoring on 23 occasions .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " In January 1982 , Kidd moved on from Bolton to return to the NASL . He then signed with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers and two years afterward with the Minnesota Strikers . He was prolific with both teams when it came to goalscoring , but in 1984 he retired from the game .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " Kidd was capped twice for the England national football team with both of those appearances coming in 1970 . Management and coaching career . 1984–2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In 1984 , Kidd began his coaching career at Barrow . He briefly managed Preston North End for several games in 1986 . Kidd then became involved in coaching young players before being brought back to Manchester United as a youth team coach by Alex Ferguson in 1988 . Over the next three years Kidd helped to bring through a host of talented players like Ryan Giggs and Darren Ferguson . When Fergusons assistant Archie Knox moved to a similar capacity at Glasgow Rangers in the summer of 1991 , Kidd was promoted to the role of assistant manager .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "He helped Ferguson guide United to a Football League Cup win in 1992 , the Premier League title in 1993 , the double in 1994 and again in 1996 , as well as another Premier League title in 1997 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Kidd left United to take charge at Blackburn Rovers in December 1998 , replacing Roy Hodgson who had been sacked after Blackburns poor start to the season left them in the relegation zone . Despite Kidd having a promising start with Rovers , which saw him voted Premier League Manager of the Month and having also spent nearly £20 million on new players in his first four months in charge he was unable to save them from being relegated from the Premier League ( just four years after being champions ) and Kidd was dismissed on 3 November 1999 with",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Rovers standing 19th in Division One .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , a rift developed between Kidd and Alex Ferguson after Kidd was strongly criticised in Fergusons autobiography Managing My Life . Ferguson was angered that when Kidd was his assistant manager he had questioned Uniteds 1998 summer signing of striker Dwight Yorke . Ferguson criticised Kidds footballing judgement and wrote in his book : I saw Brian Kidd as a complex person , often quite insecure , particularly about his health . Kidd was upset at Fergusons attack on him and responded by saying : I believe Walt Disney is trying to buy the film rights to his",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "book as a sequel to Fantasia .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Kidd moved to Leeds United in May 2000 as youth coach but was promoted to act as Head Coach in March 2001 under David OLeary then Terry Venables . He left Leeds in May 2003 after Peter Reid was appointed manager . Meanwhile , Kidd was named as assistant to England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson in January 2003 . He was forced to end this role in May 2004 , just weeks before Euro 2004 , due to undergoing surgery for prostate cancer . Kidd had recovered by February 2006 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In August 2006 , former United player Roy Keane was appointed manager of Sunderland and there were reports that Keane wanted Kidd to become his assistant manager at the Stadium of Light . However , Kidd instead accepted an offer to work as assistant to Neil Warnock at Sheffield United a few months after their promotion to the Premier League . After the Blades were relegated and Warnock resigned , Kidd remained at Bramall Lane under new manager Bryan Robson ( another former Manchester United player ) but left the club after Robson departed in February 2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " 2009–present . On 11 February 2009 , Kidd was appointed as the assistant to caretaker manager Paul Hart at Premier League side Portsmouth . He stayed until August 2009 , when he rejected a new contract offer . Kidd became Technical Development Manager at Manchester City in September 2009 , before becoming assistant manager to new boss Roberto Mancini on 19 December 2009 , following the sacking of manager Mark Hughes .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In February 2011 , Kidd said that he was willing to give Alex Ferguson the benefit of the doubt in the dispute that the two men had in the late 1990s . Kidd revealed that although there was no phone call from Ferguson when he was fighting prostate cancer in 2004 , he was now speaking to Ferguson after matches again .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011 FA Cup Final , Manchester City won their first major trophy for 35 years after beating Stoke City 1–0 . In the following 2011–12 season , City were crowned league champions for the first time since 1968 . In an extraordinary finale to the season , City scored twice in stoppage time to beat Queens Park Rangers 3–2 in dramatic style to win the Premier League on goal difference from Manchester United . Together with Mancini and Citys first team coach David Platt , Kidd raced on to the pitch to celebrate Sergio Agüeros title-winning goal for",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "City .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Football Association – Brian Kidd profile - NASL stats",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Brian_Kidd#P54#3
|
Brian Kidd played for which team between Feb 1979 and Apr 1979?
|
Brian Kidd Brian Kidd ( born 29 May 1949 ) is an English football coach and former player , who is currently assistant coach of Manchester City , alongside manager Pep Guardiola . Kidd was also assistant to Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson from 1991 to 1998 . In this role he was pivotal in the development of a group of young footballers known as Fergies Fledglings . Kidds first spell as assistant manager of Manchester City came under manager Roberto Mancini , who moved Kidd from the youth setup to become his sole assistant manager . After one year , Kidd became a co-assistant , initially alongside Attilio Lombardo and latterly alongside David Platt . Following the departure of Mancini , Kidd had a brief spell as caretaker manager of Manchester City for two games at the close of the 2012–13 season , as well as the USA tour . Under the subsequent helm of Manuel Pellegrini of the sky blues , Kidd was the co-assistant manager , alongside Rubén Cousillas . Kidd , who featured as a striker , played for Manchester United , Arsenal , Manchester City , Everton , Bolton Wanderers , Fort Lauderdale Strikers and the Minnesota Strikers in his footballing career . Playing career . Kidd was born in Collyhurst , Manchester , and started playing for Manchester United as a youngster whose academy he joined in August 1964 . Two years later , he went on to become a professional player with the club . Kidd had the distinction of scoring on his 19th birthday for Manchester United in their 4–1 victory over Benfica in the 1968 European Cup Final . All in all , he scored 52 times in 203 league appearances for Manchester United . Following Uniteds relegation to the Football League Second Division in 1974 , Kidd was transferred to Arsenal for £110,000 . Kidd scored on his debut for Arsenal against Leicester City at Filbert Street . He then scored a brace at home against Manchester City . He was by far Arsenals top goalscorer during the 1974–75 season , scoring 19 goals in 40 appearances . In the following season Kidd , on 20 March 1976 , scored a hat-trick against West Ham United in a 6–1 win at Highbury . Altogether Kidd scored 34 times for Arsenal from 90 appearances . In July 1976 , he was sold to Manchester City for a fee of £100,000 . With Manchester City , Kidd scored three times against rivals Manchester United , in a 3–1 win at Maine Road and a 2–2 draw at Old Trafford during the 1977–78 season . He would play 98 times for Manchester City , netting 44 goals . He then moved to Everton in March 1979 for £150,000 . With the Toffees , Kidd netted 12 times in 44 appearances and was sent off in an FA Cup semi final against West Ham United . Kidd then joined Bolton Wanderers in May 1980 for £110,000 . Kidd found the back of the net a total of 13 times for Bolton where he made a total of 43 appearances at and away from Burnden Park . He was then loaned out to NASL team Atlanta Chiefs in 1981 . He played 29 times for the chiefs , scoring on 23 occasions . In January 1982 , Kidd moved on from Bolton to return to the NASL . He then signed with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers and two years afterward with the Minnesota Strikers . He was prolific with both teams when it came to goalscoring , but in 1984 he retired from the game . International career . Kidd was capped twice for the England national football team with both of those appearances coming in 1970 . Management and coaching career . 1984–2008 . In 1984 , Kidd began his coaching career at Barrow . He briefly managed Preston North End for several games in 1986 . Kidd then became involved in coaching young players before being brought back to Manchester United as a youth team coach by Alex Ferguson in 1988 . Over the next three years Kidd helped to bring through a host of talented players like Ryan Giggs and Darren Ferguson . When Fergusons assistant Archie Knox moved to a similar capacity at Glasgow Rangers in the summer of 1991 , Kidd was promoted to the role of assistant manager . He helped Ferguson guide United to a Football League Cup win in 1992 , the Premier League title in 1993 , the double in 1994 and again in 1996 , as well as another Premier League title in 1997 . Kidd left United to take charge at Blackburn Rovers in December 1998 , replacing Roy Hodgson who had been sacked after Blackburns poor start to the season left them in the relegation zone . Despite Kidd having a promising start with Rovers , which saw him voted Premier League Manager of the Month and having also spent nearly £20 million on new players in his first four months in charge he was unable to save them from being relegated from the Premier League ( just four years after being champions ) and Kidd was dismissed on 3 November 1999 with Rovers standing 19th in Division One . In 1999 , a rift developed between Kidd and Alex Ferguson after Kidd was strongly criticised in Fergusons autobiography Managing My Life . Ferguson was angered that when Kidd was his assistant manager he had questioned Uniteds 1998 summer signing of striker Dwight Yorke . Ferguson criticised Kidds footballing judgement and wrote in his book : I saw Brian Kidd as a complex person , often quite insecure , particularly about his health . Kidd was upset at Fergusons attack on him and responded by saying : I believe Walt Disney is trying to buy the film rights to his book as a sequel to Fantasia . Kidd moved to Leeds United in May 2000 as youth coach but was promoted to act as Head Coach in March 2001 under David OLeary then Terry Venables . He left Leeds in May 2003 after Peter Reid was appointed manager . Meanwhile , Kidd was named as assistant to England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson in January 2003 . He was forced to end this role in May 2004 , just weeks before Euro 2004 , due to undergoing surgery for prostate cancer . Kidd had recovered by February 2006 . In August 2006 , former United player Roy Keane was appointed manager of Sunderland and there were reports that Keane wanted Kidd to become his assistant manager at the Stadium of Light . However , Kidd instead accepted an offer to work as assistant to Neil Warnock at Sheffield United a few months after their promotion to the Premier League . After the Blades were relegated and Warnock resigned , Kidd remained at Bramall Lane under new manager Bryan Robson ( another former Manchester United player ) but left the club after Robson departed in February 2008 . 2009–present . On 11 February 2009 , Kidd was appointed as the assistant to caretaker manager Paul Hart at Premier League side Portsmouth . He stayed until August 2009 , when he rejected a new contract offer . Kidd became Technical Development Manager at Manchester City in September 2009 , before becoming assistant manager to new boss Roberto Mancini on 19 December 2009 , following the sacking of manager Mark Hughes . In February 2011 , Kidd said that he was willing to give Alex Ferguson the benefit of the doubt in the dispute that the two men had in the late 1990s . Kidd revealed that although there was no phone call from Ferguson when he was fighting prostate cancer in 2004 , he was now speaking to Ferguson after matches again . In the 2011 FA Cup Final , Manchester City won their first major trophy for 35 years after beating Stoke City 1–0 . In the following 2011–12 season , City were crowned league champions for the first time since 1968 . In an extraordinary finale to the season , City scored twice in stoppage time to beat Queens Park Rangers 3–2 in dramatic style to win the Premier League on goal difference from Manchester United . Together with Mancini and Citys first team coach David Platt , Kidd raced on to the pitch to celebrate Sergio Agüeros title-winning goal for City . Honours . Player . Manchester United - FA Charity Shield : 1967 - European Cup : 1967–68 Manager . Individual - Premier League Manager of the Month : December 1998 External links . - Football Association – Brian Kidd profile - NASL stats
|
[
"Atlanta Chiefs"
] |
[
{
"text": " Brian Kidd ( born 29 May 1949 ) is an English football coach and former player , who is currently assistant coach of Manchester City , alongside manager Pep Guardiola . Kidd was also assistant to Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson from 1991 to 1998 . In this role he was pivotal in the development of a group of young footballers known as Fergies Fledglings .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": "Kidds first spell as assistant manager of Manchester City came under manager Roberto Mancini , who moved Kidd from the youth setup to become his sole assistant manager . After one year , Kidd became a co-assistant , initially alongside Attilio Lombardo and latterly alongside David Platt . Following the departure of Mancini , Kidd had a brief spell as caretaker manager of Manchester City for two games at the close of the 2012–13 season , as well as the USA tour . Under the subsequent helm of Manuel Pellegrini of the sky blues , Kidd was the co-assistant manager",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": ", alongside Rubén Cousillas .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": " Kidd , who featured as a striker , played for Manchester United , Arsenal , Manchester City , Everton , Bolton Wanderers , Fort Lauderdale Strikers and the Minnesota Strikers in his footballing career .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": " Kidd was born in Collyhurst , Manchester , and started playing for Manchester United as a youngster whose academy he joined in August 1964 . Two years later , he went on to become a professional player with the club . Kidd had the distinction of scoring on his 19th birthday for Manchester United in their 4–1 victory over Benfica in the 1968 European Cup Final . All in all , he scored 52 times in 203 league appearances for Manchester United .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "Following Uniteds relegation to the Football League Second Division in 1974 , Kidd was transferred to Arsenal for £110,000 . Kidd scored on his debut for Arsenal against Leicester City at Filbert Street . He then scored a brace at home against Manchester City . He was by far Arsenals top goalscorer during the 1974–75 season , scoring 19 goals in 40 appearances . In the following season Kidd , on 20 March 1976 , scored a hat-trick against West Ham United in a 6–1 win at Highbury . Altogether Kidd scored 34 times for Arsenal from 90 appearances .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "In July 1976 , he was sold to Manchester City for a fee of £100,000 .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "With Manchester City , Kidd scored three times against rivals Manchester United , in a 3–1 win at Maine Road and a 2–2 draw at Old Trafford during the 1977–78 season . He would play 98 times for Manchester City , netting 44 goals . He then moved to Everton in March 1979 for £150,000 . With the Toffees , Kidd netted 12 times in 44 appearances and was sent off in an FA Cup semi final against West Ham United . Kidd then joined Bolton Wanderers in May 1980 for £110,000 . Kidd found the back of the net",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "a total of 13 times for Bolton where he made a total of 43 appearances at and away from Burnden Park . He was then loaned out to NASL team Atlanta Chiefs in 1981 . He played 29 times for the chiefs , scoring on 23 occasions .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " In January 1982 , Kidd moved on from Bolton to return to the NASL . He then signed with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers and two years afterward with the Minnesota Strikers . He was prolific with both teams when it came to goalscoring , but in 1984 he retired from the game .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " Kidd was capped twice for the England national football team with both of those appearances coming in 1970 . Management and coaching career . 1984–2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In 1984 , Kidd began his coaching career at Barrow . He briefly managed Preston North End for several games in 1986 . Kidd then became involved in coaching young players before being brought back to Manchester United as a youth team coach by Alex Ferguson in 1988 . Over the next three years Kidd helped to bring through a host of talented players like Ryan Giggs and Darren Ferguson . When Fergusons assistant Archie Knox moved to a similar capacity at Glasgow Rangers in the summer of 1991 , Kidd was promoted to the role of assistant manager .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "He helped Ferguson guide United to a Football League Cup win in 1992 , the Premier League title in 1993 , the double in 1994 and again in 1996 , as well as another Premier League title in 1997 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Kidd left United to take charge at Blackburn Rovers in December 1998 , replacing Roy Hodgson who had been sacked after Blackburns poor start to the season left them in the relegation zone . Despite Kidd having a promising start with Rovers , which saw him voted Premier League Manager of the Month and having also spent nearly £20 million on new players in his first four months in charge he was unable to save them from being relegated from the Premier League ( just four years after being champions ) and Kidd was dismissed on 3 November 1999 with",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Rovers standing 19th in Division One .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , a rift developed between Kidd and Alex Ferguson after Kidd was strongly criticised in Fergusons autobiography Managing My Life . Ferguson was angered that when Kidd was his assistant manager he had questioned Uniteds 1998 summer signing of striker Dwight Yorke . Ferguson criticised Kidds footballing judgement and wrote in his book : I saw Brian Kidd as a complex person , often quite insecure , particularly about his health . Kidd was upset at Fergusons attack on him and responded by saying : I believe Walt Disney is trying to buy the film rights to his",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "book as a sequel to Fantasia .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Kidd moved to Leeds United in May 2000 as youth coach but was promoted to act as Head Coach in March 2001 under David OLeary then Terry Venables . He left Leeds in May 2003 after Peter Reid was appointed manager . Meanwhile , Kidd was named as assistant to England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson in January 2003 . He was forced to end this role in May 2004 , just weeks before Euro 2004 , due to undergoing surgery for prostate cancer . Kidd had recovered by February 2006 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In August 2006 , former United player Roy Keane was appointed manager of Sunderland and there were reports that Keane wanted Kidd to become his assistant manager at the Stadium of Light . However , Kidd instead accepted an offer to work as assistant to Neil Warnock at Sheffield United a few months after their promotion to the Premier League . After the Blades were relegated and Warnock resigned , Kidd remained at Bramall Lane under new manager Bryan Robson ( another former Manchester United player ) but left the club after Robson departed in February 2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " 2009–present . On 11 February 2009 , Kidd was appointed as the assistant to caretaker manager Paul Hart at Premier League side Portsmouth . He stayed until August 2009 , when he rejected a new contract offer . Kidd became Technical Development Manager at Manchester City in September 2009 , before becoming assistant manager to new boss Roberto Mancini on 19 December 2009 , following the sacking of manager Mark Hughes .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In February 2011 , Kidd said that he was willing to give Alex Ferguson the benefit of the doubt in the dispute that the two men had in the late 1990s . Kidd revealed that although there was no phone call from Ferguson when he was fighting prostate cancer in 2004 , he was now speaking to Ferguson after matches again .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011 FA Cup Final , Manchester City won their first major trophy for 35 years after beating Stoke City 1–0 . In the following 2011–12 season , City were crowned league champions for the first time since 1968 . In an extraordinary finale to the season , City scored twice in stoppage time to beat Queens Park Rangers 3–2 in dramatic style to win the Premier League on goal difference from Manchester United . Together with Mancini and Citys first team coach David Platt , Kidd raced on to the pitch to celebrate Sergio Agüeros title-winning goal for",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "City .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Football Association – Brian Kidd profile - NASL stats",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Brian_Kidd#P54#4
|
Brian Kidd played for which team between Feb 1982 and Dec 1982?
|
Brian Kidd Brian Kidd ( born 29 May 1949 ) is an English football coach and former player , who is currently assistant coach of Manchester City , alongside manager Pep Guardiola . Kidd was also assistant to Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson from 1991 to 1998 . In this role he was pivotal in the development of a group of young footballers known as Fergies Fledglings . Kidds first spell as assistant manager of Manchester City came under manager Roberto Mancini , who moved Kidd from the youth setup to become his sole assistant manager . After one year , Kidd became a co-assistant , initially alongside Attilio Lombardo and latterly alongside David Platt . Following the departure of Mancini , Kidd had a brief spell as caretaker manager of Manchester City for two games at the close of the 2012–13 season , as well as the USA tour . Under the subsequent helm of Manuel Pellegrini of the sky blues , Kidd was the co-assistant manager , alongside Rubén Cousillas . Kidd , who featured as a striker , played for Manchester United , Arsenal , Manchester City , Everton , Bolton Wanderers , Fort Lauderdale Strikers and the Minnesota Strikers in his footballing career . Playing career . Kidd was born in Collyhurst , Manchester , and started playing for Manchester United as a youngster whose academy he joined in August 1964 . Two years later , he went on to become a professional player with the club . Kidd had the distinction of scoring on his 19th birthday for Manchester United in their 4–1 victory over Benfica in the 1968 European Cup Final . All in all , he scored 52 times in 203 league appearances for Manchester United . Following Uniteds relegation to the Football League Second Division in 1974 , Kidd was transferred to Arsenal for £110,000 . Kidd scored on his debut for Arsenal against Leicester City at Filbert Street . He then scored a brace at home against Manchester City . He was by far Arsenals top goalscorer during the 1974–75 season , scoring 19 goals in 40 appearances . In the following season Kidd , on 20 March 1976 , scored a hat-trick against West Ham United in a 6–1 win at Highbury . Altogether Kidd scored 34 times for Arsenal from 90 appearances . In July 1976 , he was sold to Manchester City for a fee of £100,000 . With Manchester City , Kidd scored three times against rivals Manchester United , in a 3–1 win at Maine Road and a 2–2 draw at Old Trafford during the 1977–78 season . He would play 98 times for Manchester City , netting 44 goals . He then moved to Everton in March 1979 for £150,000 . With the Toffees , Kidd netted 12 times in 44 appearances and was sent off in an FA Cup semi final against West Ham United . Kidd then joined Bolton Wanderers in May 1980 for £110,000 . Kidd found the back of the net a total of 13 times for Bolton where he made a total of 43 appearances at and away from Burnden Park . He was then loaned out to NASL team Atlanta Chiefs in 1981 . He played 29 times for the chiefs , scoring on 23 occasions . In January 1982 , Kidd moved on from Bolton to return to the NASL . He then signed with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers and two years afterward with the Minnesota Strikers . He was prolific with both teams when it came to goalscoring , but in 1984 he retired from the game . International career . Kidd was capped twice for the England national football team with both of those appearances coming in 1970 . Management and coaching career . 1984–2008 . In 1984 , Kidd began his coaching career at Barrow . He briefly managed Preston North End for several games in 1986 . Kidd then became involved in coaching young players before being brought back to Manchester United as a youth team coach by Alex Ferguson in 1988 . Over the next three years Kidd helped to bring through a host of talented players like Ryan Giggs and Darren Ferguson . When Fergusons assistant Archie Knox moved to a similar capacity at Glasgow Rangers in the summer of 1991 , Kidd was promoted to the role of assistant manager . He helped Ferguson guide United to a Football League Cup win in 1992 , the Premier League title in 1993 , the double in 1994 and again in 1996 , as well as another Premier League title in 1997 . Kidd left United to take charge at Blackburn Rovers in December 1998 , replacing Roy Hodgson who had been sacked after Blackburns poor start to the season left them in the relegation zone . Despite Kidd having a promising start with Rovers , which saw him voted Premier League Manager of the Month and having also spent nearly £20 million on new players in his first four months in charge he was unable to save them from being relegated from the Premier League ( just four years after being champions ) and Kidd was dismissed on 3 November 1999 with Rovers standing 19th in Division One . In 1999 , a rift developed between Kidd and Alex Ferguson after Kidd was strongly criticised in Fergusons autobiography Managing My Life . Ferguson was angered that when Kidd was his assistant manager he had questioned Uniteds 1998 summer signing of striker Dwight Yorke . Ferguson criticised Kidds footballing judgement and wrote in his book : I saw Brian Kidd as a complex person , often quite insecure , particularly about his health . Kidd was upset at Fergusons attack on him and responded by saying : I believe Walt Disney is trying to buy the film rights to his book as a sequel to Fantasia . Kidd moved to Leeds United in May 2000 as youth coach but was promoted to act as Head Coach in March 2001 under David OLeary then Terry Venables . He left Leeds in May 2003 after Peter Reid was appointed manager . Meanwhile , Kidd was named as assistant to England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson in January 2003 . He was forced to end this role in May 2004 , just weeks before Euro 2004 , due to undergoing surgery for prostate cancer . Kidd had recovered by February 2006 . In August 2006 , former United player Roy Keane was appointed manager of Sunderland and there were reports that Keane wanted Kidd to become his assistant manager at the Stadium of Light . However , Kidd instead accepted an offer to work as assistant to Neil Warnock at Sheffield United a few months after their promotion to the Premier League . After the Blades were relegated and Warnock resigned , Kidd remained at Bramall Lane under new manager Bryan Robson ( another former Manchester United player ) but left the club after Robson departed in February 2008 . 2009–present . On 11 February 2009 , Kidd was appointed as the assistant to caretaker manager Paul Hart at Premier League side Portsmouth . He stayed until August 2009 , when he rejected a new contract offer . Kidd became Technical Development Manager at Manchester City in September 2009 , before becoming assistant manager to new boss Roberto Mancini on 19 December 2009 , following the sacking of manager Mark Hughes . In February 2011 , Kidd said that he was willing to give Alex Ferguson the benefit of the doubt in the dispute that the two men had in the late 1990s . Kidd revealed that although there was no phone call from Ferguson when he was fighting prostate cancer in 2004 , he was now speaking to Ferguson after matches again . In the 2011 FA Cup Final , Manchester City won their first major trophy for 35 years after beating Stoke City 1–0 . In the following 2011–12 season , City were crowned league champions for the first time since 1968 . In an extraordinary finale to the season , City scored twice in stoppage time to beat Queens Park Rangers 3–2 in dramatic style to win the Premier League on goal difference from Manchester United . Together with Mancini and Citys first team coach David Platt , Kidd raced on to the pitch to celebrate Sergio Agüeros title-winning goal for City . Honours . Player . Manchester United - FA Charity Shield : 1967 - European Cup : 1967–68 Manager . Individual - Premier League Manager of the Month : December 1998 External links . - Football Association – Brian Kidd profile - NASL stats
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Brian Kidd ( born 29 May 1949 ) is an English football coach and former player , who is currently assistant coach of Manchester City , alongside manager Pep Guardiola . Kidd was also assistant to Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson from 1991 to 1998 . In this role he was pivotal in the development of a group of young footballers known as Fergies Fledglings .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": "Kidds first spell as assistant manager of Manchester City came under manager Roberto Mancini , who moved Kidd from the youth setup to become his sole assistant manager . After one year , Kidd became a co-assistant , initially alongside Attilio Lombardo and latterly alongside David Platt . Following the departure of Mancini , Kidd had a brief spell as caretaker manager of Manchester City for two games at the close of the 2012–13 season , as well as the USA tour . Under the subsequent helm of Manuel Pellegrini of the sky blues , Kidd was the co-assistant manager",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": ", alongside Rubén Cousillas .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": " Kidd , who featured as a striker , played for Manchester United , Arsenal , Manchester City , Everton , Bolton Wanderers , Fort Lauderdale Strikers and the Minnesota Strikers in his footballing career .",
"title": "Brian Kidd"
},
{
"text": " Kidd was born in Collyhurst , Manchester , and started playing for Manchester United as a youngster whose academy he joined in August 1964 . Two years later , he went on to become a professional player with the club . Kidd had the distinction of scoring on his 19th birthday for Manchester United in their 4–1 victory over Benfica in the 1968 European Cup Final . All in all , he scored 52 times in 203 league appearances for Manchester United .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "Following Uniteds relegation to the Football League Second Division in 1974 , Kidd was transferred to Arsenal for £110,000 . Kidd scored on his debut for Arsenal against Leicester City at Filbert Street . He then scored a brace at home against Manchester City . He was by far Arsenals top goalscorer during the 1974–75 season , scoring 19 goals in 40 appearances . In the following season Kidd , on 20 March 1976 , scored a hat-trick against West Ham United in a 6–1 win at Highbury . Altogether Kidd scored 34 times for Arsenal from 90 appearances .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "In July 1976 , he was sold to Manchester City for a fee of £100,000 .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "With Manchester City , Kidd scored three times against rivals Manchester United , in a 3–1 win at Maine Road and a 2–2 draw at Old Trafford during the 1977–78 season . He would play 98 times for Manchester City , netting 44 goals . He then moved to Everton in March 1979 for £150,000 . With the Toffees , Kidd netted 12 times in 44 appearances and was sent off in an FA Cup semi final against West Ham United . Kidd then joined Bolton Wanderers in May 1980 for £110,000 . Kidd found the back of the net",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": "a total of 13 times for Bolton where he made a total of 43 appearances at and away from Burnden Park . He was then loaned out to NASL team Atlanta Chiefs in 1981 . He played 29 times for the chiefs , scoring on 23 occasions .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " In January 1982 , Kidd moved on from Bolton to return to the NASL . He then signed with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers and two years afterward with the Minnesota Strikers . He was prolific with both teams when it came to goalscoring , but in 1984 he retired from the game .",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"text": " Kidd was capped twice for the England national football team with both of those appearances coming in 1970 . Management and coaching career . 1984–2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In 1984 , Kidd began his coaching career at Barrow . He briefly managed Preston North End for several games in 1986 . Kidd then became involved in coaching young players before being brought back to Manchester United as a youth team coach by Alex Ferguson in 1988 . Over the next three years Kidd helped to bring through a host of talented players like Ryan Giggs and Darren Ferguson . When Fergusons assistant Archie Knox moved to a similar capacity at Glasgow Rangers in the summer of 1991 , Kidd was promoted to the role of assistant manager .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "He helped Ferguson guide United to a Football League Cup win in 1992 , the Premier League title in 1993 , the double in 1994 and again in 1996 , as well as another Premier League title in 1997 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Kidd left United to take charge at Blackburn Rovers in December 1998 , replacing Roy Hodgson who had been sacked after Blackburns poor start to the season left them in the relegation zone . Despite Kidd having a promising start with Rovers , which saw him voted Premier League Manager of the Month and having also spent nearly £20 million on new players in his first four months in charge he was unable to save them from being relegated from the Premier League ( just four years after being champions ) and Kidd was dismissed on 3 November 1999 with",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Rovers standing 19th in Division One .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , a rift developed between Kidd and Alex Ferguson after Kidd was strongly criticised in Fergusons autobiography Managing My Life . Ferguson was angered that when Kidd was his assistant manager he had questioned Uniteds 1998 summer signing of striker Dwight Yorke . Ferguson criticised Kidds footballing judgement and wrote in his book : I saw Brian Kidd as a complex person , often quite insecure , particularly about his health . Kidd was upset at Fergusons attack on him and responded by saying : I believe Walt Disney is trying to buy the film rights to his",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "book as a sequel to Fantasia .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Kidd moved to Leeds United in May 2000 as youth coach but was promoted to act as Head Coach in March 2001 under David OLeary then Terry Venables . He left Leeds in May 2003 after Peter Reid was appointed manager . Meanwhile , Kidd was named as assistant to England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson in January 2003 . He was forced to end this role in May 2004 , just weeks before Euro 2004 , due to undergoing surgery for prostate cancer . Kidd had recovered by February 2006 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In August 2006 , former United player Roy Keane was appointed manager of Sunderland and there were reports that Keane wanted Kidd to become his assistant manager at the Stadium of Light . However , Kidd instead accepted an offer to work as assistant to Neil Warnock at Sheffield United a few months after their promotion to the Premier League . After the Blades were relegated and Warnock resigned , Kidd remained at Bramall Lane under new manager Bryan Robson ( another former Manchester United player ) but left the club after Robson departed in February 2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " 2009–present . On 11 February 2009 , Kidd was appointed as the assistant to caretaker manager Paul Hart at Premier League side Portsmouth . He stayed until August 2009 , when he rejected a new contract offer . Kidd became Technical Development Manager at Manchester City in September 2009 , before becoming assistant manager to new boss Roberto Mancini on 19 December 2009 , following the sacking of manager Mark Hughes .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In February 2011 , Kidd said that he was willing to give Alex Ferguson the benefit of the doubt in the dispute that the two men had in the late 1990s . Kidd revealed that although there was no phone call from Ferguson when he was fighting prostate cancer in 2004 , he was now speaking to Ferguson after matches again .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011 FA Cup Final , Manchester City won their first major trophy for 35 years after beating Stoke City 1–0 . In the following 2011–12 season , City were crowned league champions for the first time since 1968 . In an extraordinary finale to the season , City scored twice in stoppage time to beat Queens Park Rangers 3–2 in dramatic style to win the Premier League on goal difference from Manchester United . Together with Mancini and Citys first team coach David Platt , Kidd raced on to the pitch to celebrate Sergio Agüeros title-winning goal for",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "City .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Football Association – Brian Kidd profile - NASL stats",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski#P69#0
|
Which school did Lisa Murkowski go to before May 1975?
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Lisa Murkowski Lisa Ann Murkowski ( ; born May 22 , 1957 ) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the senior United States Senator for Alaska , having held that seat since 2002 . Murkowski is the second-most senior Republican woman in the Senate , after Susan Collins of Maine . Like Collins , Murkowski is often described as one of the most moderate Republicans in the Senate and a crucial swing vote . Murkowski is the daughter of former U.S . Senator and Governor of Alaska Frank Murkowski . Before her appointment to the Senate , she served in the Alaska House of Representatives and was elected majority leader . She was controversially appointed to the Senate by her father , who resigned his seat in December 2002 to become governor of Alaska . Murkowski completed her fathers unexpired Senate term , which ended in January 2005 . Murkowski ran for and won a full term in 2004 . After losing the 2010 Republican primary to Tea Party candidate Joe Miller , Murkowski ran as a write-in candidate and defeated both Miller and Democrat Scott McAdams in the general election . She is the second U.S . Senator ( after Strom Thurmond in 1954 ) to be elected by write-in vote . Murkowski was elected to a third term in 2016 . Murkowski was vice chair of the Senate Republican Conference from 2009 to 2010 . She served as chair of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee from 2015 to 2021 , and has served as vice chair of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee since 2021 . On February 13 , 2021 , Murkowski was one of seven Republican senators to vote to convict Donald Trump of incitement of insurrection in his second impeachment trial , for which she was censured by the Alaska Republican Party . Early life , education , and early career . Murkowski was born in Ketchikan in the Territory of Alaska , the daughter of Nancy Rena ( née Gore ) and Frank Murkowski . Her paternal great-grandfather was of Polish descent , and her mothers ancestry is Irish and French Canadian . As a child , she and her family moved around the state with her fathers job as a banker . She earned a B.A . degree in economics from Georgetown University in 1980 , the same year her father was elected to the U.S . Senate . She is a member of Pi Beta Phi sorority and represented Alaska as the 1980 Cherry Blossom Princess . She received her J.D . degree in 1985 from Willamette University College of Law . Murkowski worked as an attorney in the Anchorage District Court Clerks office from 1987 to 1989 . From 1989 to 1998 , she was an attorney in private practice in Anchorage . She served on the Mayors Task Force for the Homeless from 1990 to 1991 . Alaska House of Representatives . In 1998 , Murkowski was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives . Her District 18 included northeast Anchorage , Fort Richardson and Elmendorf Air Force Base ( now Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson , or JBER ) , and suburban parts of Eagle River-Chugiak . In 1999 , she introduced legislation establishing a Joint Armed Services Committee . She was reelected in 2000 and , after her district boundaries changed , in 2002 . That year she had a conservative primary opponent , Nancy Dahlstrom , who challenged her because Murkowski supported abortion rights and rejected conservative economics . Murkowski prevailed by 56 votes . She was named as House Majority Leader for the 2003–04 legislative session . She resigned her House seat before taking office , due to her appointment by her father to the seat he had vacated in the U.S . Senate , upon his stepping down to assume the Alaska governorship . Murkowski sat on the Alaska Commission on Post Secondary Education and chaired both the Labor and Commerce and the Military and Veterans Affairs Committees . After she resigned to join the U.S . Senate , her father appointed Dahlstrom , the District Republican committees choice , as her replacement . U.S . Senate . Appointment . In December 2002 , Murkowski—while a member of the state House—was appointed by her father , Governor Frank Murkowski , to fill his own U.S . Senate seat made vacant when he resigned from the Senate after being elected governor . The appointment caused controversy in Alaska . Many voters disapproved of the nepotism . Her appointment eventually resulted in a referendum that stripped the governor of his power to directly appoint replacement Senators . Sarah Palin was particularly upset , because she had interviewed for the seat but had been rejected . Elections . Murkowski has won three full terms to the Senate , but has never won a majority of the vote ; she won 48.6% of the vote in 2004 , 39.5% in 2010 , and 44.4% in 2016 . 2004 . Murkowski ran for a full Senate term against former Governor Tony Knowles in the 2004 election after winning a primary challenge by a large margin . She was considered vulnerable due to the controversy over her appointment , and polling showed the race was very close . The centrist Republican Main Street Partnership , which wanted to run TV ads for Murkowski , was told no airtime was left to buy . Near the end of the campaign , senior U.S . Senator Ted Stevens shot ads for Murkowski and claimed that if a Democrat replaced Murkowski , Alaska would likely receive fewer federal dollars . Murkowski defeated Knowles by a narrow margin . 2010 . Murkowski faced the most difficult election of her career in the August 24 , 2010 , Republican Party primary election against Joe Miller , a former U.S . magistrate judge supported by former Governor Sarah Palin . The initial results showed her trailing Miller , 51–49% , with absentee ballots yet to be tallied . After the first round of absentee ballots were counted on August 31 , Murkowski conceded , saying that she did not believe that Millers lead could be overcome in the next round of absentee vote counting . After the primary , the Murkowski campaign floated the idea of her running as a Libertarian in the general election . But on August 29 , 2010 , the state Libertarian Party executive board voted not to consider Murkowski as its Senate nominee . On September 17 , 2010 , Murkowski said that she would mount a write-in campaign for the Senate seat . Her campaign was aided in large part by substantial monetary assistance from Native corporations and PACs , as well as state teachers and firefighters unions . On November 17 , 2010 , the Associated Press reported that Murkowski had become only the second Senate candidate ( after Strom Thurmond in 1954 ) to win a write-in campaign , thereby retaining her seat . She emerged victorious after a two-week count of write-in ballots showed she had overtaken Miller . Miller did not concede . U.S . Federal District Judge Ralph Beistline granted an injunction to stop the certification of the election due to serious legal issues and irregularities Miller raised about the hand count of absentee ballots . On December 10 , 2010 , an Alaskan judge dismissed Millers case , clearing the way for Murkowski , but on December 13 , Miller appealed the Alaska Superior Court decision of the previous week to the Alaska Supreme Court . The state Supreme Court rejected Millers appeal on December 22 . On December 28 , U.S . District Judge Ralph Beistline dismissed Millers lawsuit . Governor Sean Parnell certified Murkowski as the winner on December 30 . 2016 . After securing the Republican Party nomination by a wide margin , Murkowski was again reelected to the Senate in 2016 . Joe Miller , this time the Libertarian Party nominee , was again the runner-up . The election was unusual in featuring a Libertarian Party nominee who endorsed the Republican presidential nominee , Donald Trump , running against a Republican incumbent who did not . The Libertarian vice-presidential nominee , former Governor of Massachusetts Bill Weld , endorsed Murkowski , citing Millers support for Trump and devoted social conservative views as incompatible with libertarianism . 2022 . In 2017 , Murkowski filed to run for a fourth term in 2022 . Due to her opposition to some of his initiatives and her vote to convict him during his second impeachment trial , former President Donald Trump has pledged since June 2020 to campaign against Murkowski , implicitly endorsing a primary challenge in the process . Of the seven Republican senators who voted to convict Trump , Murkowski is the only one up for reelection in 2022 and she was censured by the states GOP immediately after the trial . Despite Trumps pledge , Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell signaled Republican senators commitment to back Murkowskis 2022 campaign . Committee assignments . - Committee on Appropriations - Subcommittee on Commerce , Justice , Science , and Related Agencies - Subcommittee on Homeland Security - Subcommittee on Interior , Environment , and Related Agencies ( Ranking member ) - Subcommittee on Legislative Branch - Subcommittee on Military Construction , Veterans Affairs , and Related Agencies - Committee on Energy and Natural Resources - Committee on Health , Education , Labor , and Pensions - Subcommittee on Children and Families - Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety - Committee on Indian Affairs ( ranking member ) Caucus memberships . - Senate Oceans Caucus ( co-chairwoman ) - Senate Cultural Caucus - Afterschool Caucuses - Senate Republican Conference Tenure and political positions . Murkowski is considered a moderate Republican . Since she was reelected in 2010 , some have deemed her voting record more moderate than that of her previous years in the Senate . In 2013 , the National Journal gave Murkowski a composite score of 56% conservative and 45% liberal and ranked her the 56th most liberal and 44th most conservative member of the Senate . According to GovTrack , Murkowski is the second most liberal Republican senator and , , is placed by GovTracks analysis to the left of all Republicans except Susan Collins , and to the left of Democratic Senator Joe Manchin . The New York Times arranged Republican senators by ideology and also ranked Murkowski the second most liberal Republican . According to FiveThirtyEight , which tracks Congressional votes , she voted with Trumps position approximately 74% of the time . According to FiveThirtyEight , as of May 2021 , Murkowski has voted with Bidens position about 86% of the time . According to CQ Roll Call , Murkowski voted with President Barack Obamas position 72.3% of the time in 2013 , one of only two Republicans voting for his positions over 70% of the time . According to the American Conservative Unions Center for Legislative Accountability , Murkowski has a lifetime conservative score of 56.72 . The liberal Americans for Democratic Action gave her a score of 10% in 2019 . In 2018 , she voted present on the confirmation of Justice Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court of the United States as a favor to Senator Steve Daines . In 2020 , she voted against procedural motions to accelerate Amy Coney Barretts confirmation to that court , though she later voted to confirm Barrett . In a March 2019 op-ed for The Washington Post , Murkowski and Joe Manchin wrote that climate change debate in Congress was depicted as an issue with just two sides—those who support drastic , unattainable measures to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions , and those who want to do nothing and affirmed their support for adopting reasonable policies that maintain that edge , build on and accelerate current efforts , and ensure a robust innovation ecosystem . In December 2020 , during his lame-duck period , Trump vetoed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 . The veto left new Coast Guard cutters that were scheduled to be homeported in Alaska without port facilities to maintain them . Murkowski issued a press release that said , in part , It’s incredible that the President chose to veto the annual National Defense Authorization Act , particularly because his reason for doing so is an issue not related to national defense . After Trump supporters stormed the United States Capitol on January 6 , 2021 , Murkowski said Trump should resign for inciting the insurrection . With this call for his resignation , she became the first Republican in the Senate to say that Trump should leave office before the inauguration of Joe Biden . When asked whether she would remain a Republican , she replied , if the Republican Party has become nothing more than the party of Trump , I sincerely question whether this is the party for me , but added , I have absolutely no desire to move over to the Democratic side of the aisle . I cant be somebody that Im not . On May 27 , 2021 , along with five other Republicans and all present Democrats , Murkowski voted to establish a bipartisan commission to investigate the January 6 storming of the U.S . Capitol . The vote failed for lack of 60 required yes votes . She was one of seven Republican senators to vote on February 13 , 2021 , to convict Trump in his second impeachment trial . That vote failed for lack of a 2/3rds majority . Personal life . Murkowski is married to Verne Martell . They have two children , Nicolas and Matthew . Murkowski is Roman Catholic . Property sale controversy . In July 2007 , Murkowski said she would sell back land she bought from Anchorage businessman Bob Penney , a day after a Washington watchdog group filed a Senate ethics complaint against her alleging that Penney sold the property well below market value . The Anchorage Daily News wrote , The transaction amounted to an illegal gift worth between $70,000 and $170,000 , depending on how the property was valued , according to the complaint by the National Legal and Policy Center . According to the Associated Press , Murkowski bought the land from two developers tied to the Ted Stevens probe . In 2008 , Murkowski amended her Senate financial disclosures for 2004 through 2006 , adding income of $60,000 per year from the sale of a property in 2003 , and more than $40,000 a year from the sale of her Alaska Pasta Company in 2005 .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Lisa Ann Murkowski ( ; born May 22 , 1957 ) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the senior United States Senator for Alaska , having held that seat since 2002 . Murkowski is the second-most senior Republican woman in the Senate , after Susan Collins of Maine . Like Collins , Murkowski is often described as one of the most moderate Republicans in the Senate and a crucial swing vote .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski is the daughter of former U.S . Senator and Governor of Alaska Frank Murkowski . Before her appointment to the Senate , she served in the Alaska House of Representatives and was elected majority leader . She was controversially appointed to the Senate by her father , who resigned his seat in December 2002 to become governor of Alaska . Murkowski completed her fathers unexpired Senate term , which ended in January 2005 .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": " Murkowski ran for and won a full term in 2004 . After losing the 2010 Republican primary to Tea Party candidate Joe Miller , Murkowski ran as a write-in candidate and defeated both Miller and Democrat Scott McAdams in the general election . She is the second U.S . Senator ( after Strom Thurmond in 1954 ) to be elected by write-in vote . Murkowski was elected to a third term in 2016 .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski was vice chair of the Senate Republican Conference from 2009 to 2010 . She served as chair of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee from 2015 to 2021 , and has served as vice chair of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee since 2021 .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": " On February 13 , 2021 , Murkowski was one of seven Republican senators to vote to convict Donald Trump of incitement of insurrection in his second impeachment trial , for which she was censured by the Alaska Republican Party . Early life , education , and early career .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski was born in Ketchikan in the Territory of Alaska , the daughter of Nancy Rena ( née Gore ) and Frank Murkowski . Her paternal great-grandfather was of Polish descent , and her mothers ancestry is Irish and French Canadian . As a child , she and her family moved around the state with her fathers job as a banker .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": " She earned a B.A . degree in economics from Georgetown University in 1980 , the same year her father was elected to the U.S . Senate . She is a member of Pi Beta Phi sorority and represented Alaska as the 1980 Cherry Blossom Princess . She received her J.D . degree in 1985 from Willamette University College of Law .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski worked as an attorney in the Anchorage District Court Clerks office from 1987 to 1989 . From 1989 to 1998 , she was an attorney in private practice in Anchorage . She served on the Mayors Task Force for the Homeless from 1990 to 1991 .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "In 1998 , Murkowski was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives . Her District 18 included northeast Anchorage , Fort Richardson and Elmendorf Air Force Base ( now Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson , or JBER ) , and suburban parts of Eagle River-Chugiak . In 1999 , she introduced legislation establishing a Joint Armed Services Committee . She was reelected in 2000 and , after her district boundaries changed , in 2002 . That year she had a conservative primary opponent , Nancy Dahlstrom , who challenged her because Murkowski supported abortion rights and rejected conservative economics . Murkowski prevailed",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "by 56 votes . She was named as House Majority Leader for the 2003–04 legislative session . She resigned her House seat before taking office , due to her appointment by her father to the seat he had vacated in the U.S . Senate , upon his stepping down to assume the Alaska governorship . Murkowski sat on the Alaska Commission on Post Secondary Education and chaired both the Labor and Commerce and the Military and Veterans Affairs Committees . After she resigned to join the U.S . Senate , her father appointed Dahlstrom , the District Republican committees choice",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": ", as her replacement .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": " In December 2002 , Murkowski—while a member of the state House—was appointed by her father , Governor Frank Murkowski , to fill his own U.S . Senate seat made vacant when he resigned from the Senate after being elected governor . The appointment caused controversy in Alaska . Many voters disapproved of the nepotism . Her appointment eventually resulted in a referendum that stripped the governor of his power to directly appoint replacement Senators . Sarah Palin was particularly upset , because she had interviewed for the seat but had been rejected .",
"title": "Appointment"
},
{
"text": " Murkowski has won three full terms to the Senate , but has never won a majority of the vote ; she won 48.6% of the vote in 2004 , 39.5% in 2010 , and 44.4% in 2016 . 2004 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski ran for a full Senate term against former Governor Tony Knowles in the 2004 election after winning a primary challenge by a large margin . She was considered vulnerable due to the controversy over her appointment , and polling showed the race was very close . The centrist Republican Main Street Partnership , which wanted to run TV ads for Murkowski , was told no airtime was left to buy . Near the end of the campaign , senior U.S . Senator Ted Stevens shot ads for Murkowski and claimed that if a Democrat replaced Murkowski , Alaska would",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "likely receive fewer federal dollars . Murkowski defeated Knowles by a narrow margin .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2010 . Murkowski faced the most difficult election of her career in the August 24 , 2010 , Republican Party primary election against Joe Miller , a former U.S . magistrate judge supported by former Governor Sarah Palin . The initial results showed her trailing Miller , 51–49% , with absentee ballots yet to be tallied . After the first round of absentee ballots were counted on August 31 , Murkowski conceded , saying that she did not believe that Millers lead could be overcome in the next round of absentee vote counting .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "After the primary , the Murkowski campaign floated the idea of her running as a Libertarian in the general election . But on August 29 , 2010 , the state Libertarian Party executive board voted not to consider Murkowski as its Senate nominee .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " On September 17 , 2010 , Murkowski said that she would mount a write-in campaign for the Senate seat . Her campaign was aided in large part by substantial monetary assistance from Native corporations and PACs , as well as state teachers and firefighters unions .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "On November 17 , 2010 , the Associated Press reported that Murkowski had become only the second Senate candidate ( after Strom Thurmond in 1954 ) to win a write-in campaign , thereby retaining her seat . She emerged victorious after a two-week count of write-in ballots showed she had overtaken Miller . Miller did not concede . U.S . Federal District Judge Ralph Beistline granted an injunction to stop the certification of the election due to serious legal issues and irregularities Miller raised about the hand count of absentee ballots . On December 10 , 2010 , an Alaskan",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "judge dismissed Millers case , clearing the way for Murkowski , but on December 13 , Miller appealed the Alaska Superior Court decision of the previous week to the Alaska Supreme Court . The state Supreme Court rejected Millers appeal on December 22 . On December 28 , U.S . District Judge Ralph Beistline dismissed Millers lawsuit . Governor Sean Parnell certified Murkowski as the winner on December 30 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2016 . After securing the Republican Party nomination by a wide margin , Murkowski was again reelected to the Senate in 2016 . Joe Miller , this time the Libertarian Party nominee , was again the runner-up . The election was unusual in featuring a Libertarian Party nominee who endorsed the Republican presidential nominee , Donald Trump , running against a Republican incumbent who did not . The Libertarian vice-presidential nominee , former Governor of Massachusetts Bill Weld , endorsed Murkowski , citing Millers support for Trump and devoted social conservative views as incompatible with libertarianism . 2022 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , Murkowski filed to run for a fourth term in 2022 . Due to her opposition to some of his initiatives and her vote to convict him during his second impeachment trial , former President Donald Trump has pledged since June 2020 to campaign against Murkowski , implicitly endorsing a primary challenge in the process . Of the seven Republican senators who voted to convict Trump , Murkowski is the only one up for reelection in 2022 and she was censured by the states GOP immediately after the trial . Despite Trumps pledge , Senate Minority Leader Mitch",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "McConnell signaled Republican senators commitment to back Murkowskis 2022 campaign .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " - Committee on Appropriations - Subcommittee on Commerce , Justice , Science , and Related Agencies - Subcommittee on Homeland Security - Subcommittee on Interior , Environment , and Related Agencies ( Ranking member ) - Subcommittee on Legislative Branch - Subcommittee on Military Construction , Veterans Affairs , and Related Agencies - Committee on Energy and Natural Resources - Committee on Health , Education , Labor , and Pensions - Subcommittee on Children and Families - Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety - Committee on Indian Affairs ( ranking member )",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " - Senate Oceans Caucus ( co-chairwoman ) - Senate Cultural Caucus - Afterschool Caucuses - Senate Republican Conference Tenure and political positions . Murkowski is considered a moderate Republican . Since she was reelected in 2010 , some have deemed her voting record more moderate than that of her previous years in the Senate . In 2013 , the National Journal gave Murkowski a composite score of 56% conservative and 45% liberal and ranked her the 56th most liberal and 44th most conservative member of the Senate .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "According to GovTrack , Murkowski is the second most liberal Republican senator and , , is placed by GovTracks analysis to the left of all Republicans except Susan Collins , and to the left of Democratic Senator Joe Manchin . The New York Times arranged Republican senators by ideology and also ranked Murkowski the second most liberal Republican . According to FiveThirtyEight , which tracks Congressional votes , she voted with Trumps position approximately 74% of the time . According to FiveThirtyEight , as of May 2021 , Murkowski has voted with Bidens position about 86% of the time .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "According to CQ Roll Call , Murkowski voted with President Barack Obamas position 72.3% of the time in 2013 , one of only two Republicans voting for his positions over 70% of the time . According to the American Conservative Unions Center for Legislative Accountability , Murkowski has a lifetime conservative score of 56.72 . The liberal Americans for Democratic Action gave her a score of 10% in 2019 .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , she voted present on the confirmation of Justice Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court of the United States as a favor to Senator Steve Daines . In 2020 , she voted against procedural motions to accelerate Amy Coney Barretts confirmation to that court , though she later voted to confirm Barrett .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "In a March 2019 op-ed for The Washington Post , Murkowski and Joe Manchin wrote that climate change debate in Congress was depicted as an issue with just two sides—those who support drastic , unattainable measures to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions , and those who want to do nothing and affirmed their support for adopting reasonable policies that maintain that edge , build on and accelerate current efforts , and ensure a robust innovation ecosystem .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " In December 2020 , during his lame-duck period , Trump vetoed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 . The veto left new Coast Guard cutters that were scheduled to be homeported in Alaska without port facilities to maintain them . Murkowski issued a press release that said , in part , It’s incredible that the President chose to veto the annual National Defense Authorization Act , particularly because his reason for doing so is an issue not related to national defense .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "After Trump supporters stormed the United States Capitol on January 6 , 2021 , Murkowski said Trump should resign for inciting the insurrection . With this call for his resignation , she became the first Republican in the Senate to say that Trump should leave office before the inauguration of Joe Biden . When asked whether she would remain a Republican , she replied , if the Republican Party has become nothing more than the party of Trump , I sincerely question whether this is the party for me , but added , I have absolutely no desire to move",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "over to the Democratic side of the aisle . I cant be somebody that Im not . On May 27 , 2021 , along with five other Republicans and all present Democrats , Murkowski voted to establish a bipartisan commission to investigate the January 6 storming of the U.S . Capitol . The vote failed for lack of 60 required yes votes . She was one of seven Republican senators to vote on February 13 , 2021 , to convict Trump in his second impeachment trial . That vote failed for lack of a 2/3rds majority .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " Murkowski is married to Verne Martell . They have two children , Nicolas and Matthew . Murkowski is Roman Catholic .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In July 2007 , Murkowski said she would sell back land she bought from Anchorage businessman Bob Penney , a day after a Washington watchdog group filed a Senate ethics complaint against her alleging that Penney sold the property well below market value . The Anchorage Daily News wrote , The transaction amounted to an illegal gift worth between $70,000 and $170,000 , depending on how the property was valued , according to the complaint by the National Legal and Policy Center . According to the Associated Press , Murkowski bought the land from two developers tied to the Ted",
"title": "Property sale controversy"
},
{
"text": "Stevens probe .",
"title": "Property sale controversy"
},
{
"text": " In 2008 , Murkowski amended her Senate financial disclosures for 2004 through 2006 , adding income of $60,000 per year from the sale of a property in 2003 , and more than $40,000 a year from the sale of her Alaska Pasta Company in 2005 .",
"title": "Property sale controversy"
}
] |
/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski#P69#1
|
Which school did Lisa Murkowski go to in late 1970s?
|
Lisa Murkowski Lisa Ann Murkowski ( ; born May 22 , 1957 ) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the senior United States Senator for Alaska , having held that seat since 2002 . Murkowski is the second-most senior Republican woman in the Senate , after Susan Collins of Maine . Like Collins , Murkowski is often described as one of the most moderate Republicans in the Senate and a crucial swing vote . Murkowski is the daughter of former U.S . Senator and Governor of Alaska Frank Murkowski . Before her appointment to the Senate , she served in the Alaska House of Representatives and was elected majority leader . She was controversially appointed to the Senate by her father , who resigned his seat in December 2002 to become governor of Alaska . Murkowski completed her fathers unexpired Senate term , which ended in January 2005 . Murkowski ran for and won a full term in 2004 . After losing the 2010 Republican primary to Tea Party candidate Joe Miller , Murkowski ran as a write-in candidate and defeated both Miller and Democrat Scott McAdams in the general election . She is the second U.S . Senator ( after Strom Thurmond in 1954 ) to be elected by write-in vote . Murkowski was elected to a third term in 2016 . Murkowski was vice chair of the Senate Republican Conference from 2009 to 2010 . She served as chair of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee from 2015 to 2021 , and has served as vice chair of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee since 2021 . On February 13 , 2021 , Murkowski was one of seven Republican senators to vote to convict Donald Trump of incitement of insurrection in his second impeachment trial , for which she was censured by the Alaska Republican Party . Early life , education , and early career . Murkowski was born in Ketchikan in the Territory of Alaska , the daughter of Nancy Rena ( née Gore ) and Frank Murkowski . Her paternal great-grandfather was of Polish descent , and her mothers ancestry is Irish and French Canadian . As a child , she and her family moved around the state with her fathers job as a banker . She earned a B.A . degree in economics from Georgetown University in 1980 , the same year her father was elected to the U.S . Senate . She is a member of Pi Beta Phi sorority and represented Alaska as the 1980 Cherry Blossom Princess . She received her J.D . degree in 1985 from Willamette University College of Law . Murkowski worked as an attorney in the Anchorage District Court Clerks office from 1987 to 1989 . From 1989 to 1998 , she was an attorney in private practice in Anchorage . She served on the Mayors Task Force for the Homeless from 1990 to 1991 . Alaska House of Representatives . In 1998 , Murkowski was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives . Her District 18 included northeast Anchorage , Fort Richardson and Elmendorf Air Force Base ( now Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson , or JBER ) , and suburban parts of Eagle River-Chugiak . In 1999 , she introduced legislation establishing a Joint Armed Services Committee . She was reelected in 2000 and , after her district boundaries changed , in 2002 . That year she had a conservative primary opponent , Nancy Dahlstrom , who challenged her because Murkowski supported abortion rights and rejected conservative economics . Murkowski prevailed by 56 votes . She was named as House Majority Leader for the 2003–04 legislative session . She resigned her House seat before taking office , due to her appointment by her father to the seat he had vacated in the U.S . Senate , upon his stepping down to assume the Alaska governorship . Murkowski sat on the Alaska Commission on Post Secondary Education and chaired both the Labor and Commerce and the Military and Veterans Affairs Committees . After she resigned to join the U.S . Senate , her father appointed Dahlstrom , the District Republican committees choice , as her replacement . U.S . Senate . Appointment . In December 2002 , Murkowski—while a member of the state House—was appointed by her father , Governor Frank Murkowski , to fill his own U.S . Senate seat made vacant when he resigned from the Senate after being elected governor . The appointment caused controversy in Alaska . Many voters disapproved of the nepotism . Her appointment eventually resulted in a referendum that stripped the governor of his power to directly appoint replacement Senators . Sarah Palin was particularly upset , because she had interviewed for the seat but had been rejected . Elections . Murkowski has won three full terms to the Senate , but has never won a majority of the vote ; she won 48.6% of the vote in 2004 , 39.5% in 2010 , and 44.4% in 2016 . 2004 . Murkowski ran for a full Senate term against former Governor Tony Knowles in the 2004 election after winning a primary challenge by a large margin . She was considered vulnerable due to the controversy over her appointment , and polling showed the race was very close . The centrist Republican Main Street Partnership , which wanted to run TV ads for Murkowski , was told no airtime was left to buy . Near the end of the campaign , senior U.S . Senator Ted Stevens shot ads for Murkowski and claimed that if a Democrat replaced Murkowski , Alaska would likely receive fewer federal dollars . Murkowski defeated Knowles by a narrow margin . 2010 . Murkowski faced the most difficult election of her career in the August 24 , 2010 , Republican Party primary election against Joe Miller , a former U.S . magistrate judge supported by former Governor Sarah Palin . The initial results showed her trailing Miller , 51–49% , with absentee ballots yet to be tallied . After the first round of absentee ballots were counted on August 31 , Murkowski conceded , saying that she did not believe that Millers lead could be overcome in the next round of absentee vote counting . After the primary , the Murkowski campaign floated the idea of her running as a Libertarian in the general election . But on August 29 , 2010 , the state Libertarian Party executive board voted not to consider Murkowski as its Senate nominee . On September 17 , 2010 , Murkowski said that she would mount a write-in campaign for the Senate seat . Her campaign was aided in large part by substantial monetary assistance from Native corporations and PACs , as well as state teachers and firefighters unions . On November 17 , 2010 , the Associated Press reported that Murkowski had become only the second Senate candidate ( after Strom Thurmond in 1954 ) to win a write-in campaign , thereby retaining her seat . She emerged victorious after a two-week count of write-in ballots showed she had overtaken Miller . Miller did not concede . U.S . Federal District Judge Ralph Beistline granted an injunction to stop the certification of the election due to serious legal issues and irregularities Miller raised about the hand count of absentee ballots . On December 10 , 2010 , an Alaskan judge dismissed Millers case , clearing the way for Murkowski , but on December 13 , Miller appealed the Alaska Superior Court decision of the previous week to the Alaska Supreme Court . The state Supreme Court rejected Millers appeal on December 22 . On December 28 , U.S . District Judge Ralph Beistline dismissed Millers lawsuit . Governor Sean Parnell certified Murkowski as the winner on December 30 . 2016 . After securing the Republican Party nomination by a wide margin , Murkowski was again reelected to the Senate in 2016 . Joe Miller , this time the Libertarian Party nominee , was again the runner-up . The election was unusual in featuring a Libertarian Party nominee who endorsed the Republican presidential nominee , Donald Trump , running against a Republican incumbent who did not . The Libertarian vice-presidential nominee , former Governor of Massachusetts Bill Weld , endorsed Murkowski , citing Millers support for Trump and devoted social conservative views as incompatible with libertarianism . 2022 . In 2017 , Murkowski filed to run for a fourth term in 2022 . Due to her opposition to some of his initiatives and her vote to convict him during his second impeachment trial , former President Donald Trump has pledged since June 2020 to campaign against Murkowski , implicitly endorsing a primary challenge in the process . Of the seven Republican senators who voted to convict Trump , Murkowski is the only one up for reelection in 2022 and she was censured by the states GOP immediately after the trial . Despite Trumps pledge , Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell signaled Republican senators commitment to back Murkowskis 2022 campaign . Committee assignments . - Committee on Appropriations - Subcommittee on Commerce , Justice , Science , and Related Agencies - Subcommittee on Homeland Security - Subcommittee on Interior , Environment , and Related Agencies ( Ranking member ) - Subcommittee on Legislative Branch - Subcommittee on Military Construction , Veterans Affairs , and Related Agencies - Committee on Energy and Natural Resources - Committee on Health , Education , Labor , and Pensions - Subcommittee on Children and Families - Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety - Committee on Indian Affairs ( ranking member ) Caucus memberships . - Senate Oceans Caucus ( co-chairwoman ) - Senate Cultural Caucus - Afterschool Caucuses - Senate Republican Conference Tenure and political positions . Murkowski is considered a moderate Republican . Since she was reelected in 2010 , some have deemed her voting record more moderate than that of her previous years in the Senate . In 2013 , the National Journal gave Murkowski a composite score of 56% conservative and 45% liberal and ranked her the 56th most liberal and 44th most conservative member of the Senate . According to GovTrack , Murkowski is the second most liberal Republican senator and , , is placed by GovTracks analysis to the left of all Republicans except Susan Collins , and to the left of Democratic Senator Joe Manchin . The New York Times arranged Republican senators by ideology and also ranked Murkowski the second most liberal Republican . According to FiveThirtyEight , which tracks Congressional votes , she voted with Trumps position approximately 74% of the time . According to FiveThirtyEight , as of May 2021 , Murkowski has voted with Bidens position about 86% of the time . According to CQ Roll Call , Murkowski voted with President Barack Obamas position 72.3% of the time in 2013 , one of only two Republicans voting for his positions over 70% of the time . According to the American Conservative Unions Center for Legislative Accountability , Murkowski has a lifetime conservative score of 56.72 . The liberal Americans for Democratic Action gave her a score of 10% in 2019 . In 2018 , she voted present on the confirmation of Justice Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court of the United States as a favor to Senator Steve Daines . In 2020 , she voted against procedural motions to accelerate Amy Coney Barretts confirmation to that court , though she later voted to confirm Barrett . In a March 2019 op-ed for The Washington Post , Murkowski and Joe Manchin wrote that climate change debate in Congress was depicted as an issue with just two sides—those who support drastic , unattainable measures to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions , and those who want to do nothing and affirmed their support for adopting reasonable policies that maintain that edge , build on and accelerate current efforts , and ensure a robust innovation ecosystem . In December 2020 , during his lame-duck period , Trump vetoed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 . The veto left new Coast Guard cutters that were scheduled to be homeported in Alaska without port facilities to maintain them . Murkowski issued a press release that said , in part , It’s incredible that the President chose to veto the annual National Defense Authorization Act , particularly because his reason for doing so is an issue not related to national defense . After Trump supporters stormed the United States Capitol on January 6 , 2021 , Murkowski said Trump should resign for inciting the insurrection . With this call for his resignation , she became the first Republican in the Senate to say that Trump should leave office before the inauguration of Joe Biden . When asked whether she would remain a Republican , she replied , if the Republican Party has become nothing more than the party of Trump , I sincerely question whether this is the party for me , but added , I have absolutely no desire to move over to the Democratic side of the aisle . I cant be somebody that Im not . On May 27 , 2021 , along with five other Republicans and all present Democrats , Murkowski voted to establish a bipartisan commission to investigate the January 6 storming of the U.S . Capitol . The vote failed for lack of 60 required yes votes . She was one of seven Republican senators to vote on February 13 , 2021 , to convict Trump in his second impeachment trial . That vote failed for lack of a 2/3rds majority . Personal life . Murkowski is married to Verne Martell . They have two children , Nicolas and Matthew . Murkowski is Roman Catholic . Property sale controversy . In July 2007 , Murkowski said she would sell back land she bought from Anchorage businessman Bob Penney , a day after a Washington watchdog group filed a Senate ethics complaint against her alleging that Penney sold the property well below market value . The Anchorage Daily News wrote , The transaction amounted to an illegal gift worth between $70,000 and $170,000 , depending on how the property was valued , according to the complaint by the National Legal and Policy Center . According to the Associated Press , Murkowski bought the land from two developers tied to the Ted Stevens probe . In 2008 , Murkowski amended her Senate financial disclosures for 2004 through 2006 , adding income of $60,000 per year from the sale of a property in 2003 , and more than $40,000 a year from the sale of her Alaska Pasta Company in 2005 .
|
[
"Willamette University College of Law"
] |
[
{
"text": " Lisa Ann Murkowski ( ; born May 22 , 1957 ) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the senior United States Senator for Alaska , having held that seat since 2002 . Murkowski is the second-most senior Republican woman in the Senate , after Susan Collins of Maine . Like Collins , Murkowski is often described as one of the most moderate Republicans in the Senate and a crucial swing vote .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski is the daughter of former U.S . Senator and Governor of Alaska Frank Murkowski . Before her appointment to the Senate , she served in the Alaska House of Representatives and was elected majority leader . She was controversially appointed to the Senate by her father , who resigned his seat in December 2002 to become governor of Alaska . Murkowski completed her fathers unexpired Senate term , which ended in January 2005 .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": " Murkowski ran for and won a full term in 2004 . After losing the 2010 Republican primary to Tea Party candidate Joe Miller , Murkowski ran as a write-in candidate and defeated both Miller and Democrat Scott McAdams in the general election . She is the second U.S . Senator ( after Strom Thurmond in 1954 ) to be elected by write-in vote . Murkowski was elected to a third term in 2016 .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski was vice chair of the Senate Republican Conference from 2009 to 2010 . She served as chair of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee from 2015 to 2021 , and has served as vice chair of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee since 2021 .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": " On February 13 , 2021 , Murkowski was one of seven Republican senators to vote to convict Donald Trump of incitement of insurrection in his second impeachment trial , for which she was censured by the Alaska Republican Party . Early life , education , and early career .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski was born in Ketchikan in the Territory of Alaska , the daughter of Nancy Rena ( née Gore ) and Frank Murkowski . Her paternal great-grandfather was of Polish descent , and her mothers ancestry is Irish and French Canadian . As a child , she and her family moved around the state with her fathers job as a banker .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": " She earned a B.A . degree in economics from Georgetown University in 1980 , the same year her father was elected to the U.S . Senate . She is a member of Pi Beta Phi sorority and represented Alaska as the 1980 Cherry Blossom Princess . She received her J.D . degree in 1985 from Willamette University College of Law .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski worked as an attorney in the Anchorage District Court Clerks office from 1987 to 1989 . From 1989 to 1998 , she was an attorney in private practice in Anchorage . She served on the Mayors Task Force for the Homeless from 1990 to 1991 .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "In 1998 , Murkowski was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives . Her District 18 included northeast Anchorage , Fort Richardson and Elmendorf Air Force Base ( now Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson , or JBER ) , and suburban parts of Eagle River-Chugiak . In 1999 , she introduced legislation establishing a Joint Armed Services Committee . She was reelected in 2000 and , after her district boundaries changed , in 2002 . That year she had a conservative primary opponent , Nancy Dahlstrom , who challenged her because Murkowski supported abortion rights and rejected conservative economics . Murkowski prevailed",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "by 56 votes . She was named as House Majority Leader for the 2003–04 legislative session . She resigned her House seat before taking office , due to her appointment by her father to the seat he had vacated in the U.S . Senate , upon his stepping down to assume the Alaska governorship . Murkowski sat on the Alaska Commission on Post Secondary Education and chaired both the Labor and Commerce and the Military and Veterans Affairs Committees . After she resigned to join the U.S . Senate , her father appointed Dahlstrom , the District Republican committees choice",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": ", as her replacement .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": " In December 2002 , Murkowski—while a member of the state House—was appointed by her father , Governor Frank Murkowski , to fill his own U.S . Senate seat made vacant when he resigned from the Senate after being elected governor . The appointment caused controversy in Alaska . Many voters disapproved of the nepotism . Her appointment eventually resulted in a referendum that stripped the governor of his power to directly appoint replacement Senators . Sarah Palin was particularly upset , because she had interviewed for the seat but had been rejected .",
"title": "Appointment"
},
{
"text": " Murkowski has won three full terms to the Senate , but has never won a majority of the vote ; she won 48.6% of the vote in 2004 , 39.5% in 2010 , and 44.4% in 2016 . 2004 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski ran for a full Senate term against former Governor Tony Knowles in the 2004 election after winning a primary challenge by a large margin . She was considered vulnerable due to the controversy over her appointment , and polling showed the race was very close . The centrist Republican Main Street Partnership , which wanted to run TV ads for Murkowski , was told no airtime was left to buy . Near the end of the campaign , senior U.S . Senator Ted Stevens shot ads for Murkowski and claimed that if a Democrat replaced Murkowski , Alaska would",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "likely receive fewer federal dollars . Murkowski defeated Knowles by a narrow margin .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2010 . Murkowski faced the most difficult election of her career in the August 24 , 2010 , Republican Party primary election against Joe Miller , a former U.S . magistrate judge supported by former Governor Sarah Palin . The initial results showed her trailing Miller , 51–49% , with absentee ballots yet to be tallied . After the first round of absentee ballots were counted on August 31 , Murkowski conceded , saying that she did not believe that Millers lead could be overcome in the next round of absentee vote counting .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "After the primary , the Murkowski campaign floated the idea of her running as a Libertarian in the general election . But on August 29 , 2010 , the state Libertarian Party executive board voted not to consider Murkowski as its Senate nominee .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " On September 17 , 2010 , Murkowski said that she would mount a write-in campaign for the Senate seat . Her campaign was aided in large part by substantial monetary assistance from Native corporations and PACs , as well as state teachers and firefighters unions .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "On November 17 , 2010 , the Associated Press reported that Murkowski had become only the second Senate candidate ( after Strom Thurmond in 1954 ) to win a write-in campaign , thereby retaining her seat . She emerged victorious after a two-week count of write-in ballots showed she had overtaken Miller . Miller did not concede . U.S . Federal District Judge Ralph Beistline granted an injunction to stop the certification of the election due to serious legal issues and irregularities Miller raised about the hand count of absentee ballots . On December 10 , 2010 , an Alaskan",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "judge dismissed Millers case , clearing the way for Murkowski , but on December 13 , Miller appealed the Alaska Superior Court decision of the previous week to the Alaska Supreme Court . The state Supreme Court rejected Millers appeal on December 22 . On December 28 , U.S . District Judge Ralph Beistline dismissed Millers lawsuit . Governor Sean Parnell certified Murkowski as the winner on December 30 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2016 . After securing the Republican Party nomination by a wide margin , Murkowski was again reelected to the Senate in 2016 . Joe Miller , this time the Libertarian Party nominee , was again the runner-up . The election was unusual in featuring a Libertarian Party nominee who endorsed the Republican presidential nominee , Donald Trump , running against a Republican incumbent who did not . The Libertarian vice-presidential nominee , former Governor of Massachusetts Bill Weld , endorsed Murkowski , citing Millers support for Trump and devoted social conservative views as incompatible with libertarianism . 2022 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , Murkowski filed to run for a fourth term in 2022 . Due to her opposition to some of his initiatives and her vote to convict him during his second impeachment trial , former President Donald Trump has pledged since June 2020 to campaign against Murkowski , implicitly endorsing a primary challenge in the process . Of the seven Republican senators who voted to convict Trump , Murkowski is the only one up for reelection in 2022 and she was censured by the states GOP immediately after the trial . Despite Trumps pledge , Senate Minority Leader Mitch",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "McConnell signaled Republican senators commitment to back Murkowskis 2022 campaign .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " - Committee on Appropriations - Subcommittee on Commerce , Justice , Science , and Related Agencies - Subcommittee on Homeland Security - Subcommittee on Interior , Environment , and Related Agencies ( Ranking member ) - Subcommittee on Legislative Branch - Subcommittee on Military Construction , Veterans Affairs , and Related Agencies - Committee on Energy and Natural Resources - Committee on Health , Education , Labor , and Pensions - Subcommittee on Children and Families - Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety - Committee on Indian Affairs ( ranking member )",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " - Senate Oceans Caucus ( co-chairwoman ) - Senate Cultural Caucus - Afterschool Caucuses - Senate Republican Conference Tenure and political positions . Murkowski is considered a moderate Republican . Since she was reelected in 2010 , some have deemed her voting record more moderate than that of her previous years in the Senate . In 2013 , the National Journal gave Murkowski a composite score of 56% conservative and 45% liberal and ranked her the 56th most liberal and 44th most conservative member of the Senate .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "According to GovTrack , Murkowski is the second most liberal Republican senator and , , is placed by GovTracks analysis to the left of all Republicans except Susan Collins , and to the left of Democratic Senator Joe Manchin . The New York Times arranged Republican senators by ideology and also ranked Murkowski the second most liberal Republican . According to FiveThirtyEight , which tracks Congressional votes , she voted with Trumps position approximately 74% of the time . According to FiveThirtyEight , as of May 2021 , Murkowski has voted with Bidens position about 86% of the time .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "According to CQ Roll Call , Murkowski voted with President Barack Obamas position 72.3% of the time in 2013 , one of only two Republicans voting for his positions over 70% of the time . According to the American Conservative Unions Center for Legislative Accountability , Murkowski has a lifetime conservative score of 56.72 . The liberal Americans for Democratic Action gave her a score of 10% in 2019 .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , she voted present on the confirmation of Justice Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court of the United States as a favor to Senator Steve Daines . In 2020 , she voted against procedural motions to accelerate Amy Coney Barretts confirmation to that court , though she later voted to confirm Barrett .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "In a March 2019 op-ed for The Washington Post , Murkowski and Joe Manchin wrote that climate change debate in Congress was depicted as an issue with just two sides—those who support drastic , unattainable measures to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions , and those who want to do nothing and affirmed their support for adopting reasonable policies that maintain that edge , build on and accelerate current efforts , and ensure a robust innovation ecosystem .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " In December 2020 , during his lame-duck period , Trump vetoed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 . The veto left new Coast Guard cutters that were scheduled to be homeported in Alaska without port facilities to maintain them . Murkowski issued a press release that said , in part , It’s incredible that the President chose to veto the annual National Defense Authorization Act , particularly because his reason for doing so is an issue not related to national defense .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "After Trump supporters stormed the United States Capitol on January 6 , 2021 , Murkowski said Trump should resign for inciting the insurrection . With this call for his resignation , she became the first Republican in the Senate to say that Trump should leave office before the inauguration of Joe Biden . When asked whether she would remain a Republican , she replied , if the Republican Party has become nothing more than the party of Trump , I sincerely question whether this is the party for me , but added , I have absolutely no desire to move",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "over to the Democratic side of the aisle . I cant be somebody that Im not . On May 27 , 2021 , along with five other Republicans and all present Democrats , Murkowski voted to establish a bipartisan commission to investigate the January 6 storming of the U.S . Capitol . The vote failed for lack of 60 required yes votes . She was one of seven Republican senators to vote on February 13 , 2021 , to convict Trump in his second impeachment trial . That vote failed for lack of a 2/3rds majority .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " Murkowski is married to Verne Martell . They have two children , Nicolas and Matthew . Murkowski is Roman Catholic .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In July 2007 , Murkowski said she would sell back land she bought from Anchorage businessman Bob Penney , a day after a Washington watchdog group filed a Senate ethics complaint against her alleging that Penney sold the property well below market value . The Anchorage Daily News wrote , The transaction amounted to an illegal gift worth between $70,000 and $170,000 , depending on how the property was valued , according to the complaint by the National Legal and Policy Center . According to the Associated Press , Murkowski bought the land from two developers tied to the Ted",
"title": "Property sale controversy"
},
{
"text": "Stevens probe .",
"title": "Property sale controversy"
},
{
"text": " In 2008 , Murkowski amended her Senate financial disclosures for 2004 through 2006 , adding income of $60,000 per year from the sale of a property in 2003 , and more than $40,000 a year from the sale of her Alaska Pasta Company in 2005 .",
"title": "Property sale controversy"
}
] |
/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski#P69#2
|
Which school did Lisa Murkowski go to in Feb 1992?
|
Lisa Murkowski Lisa Ann Murkowski ( ; born May 22 , 1957 ) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the senior United States Senator for Alaska , having held that seat since 2002 . Murkowski is the second-most senior Republican woman in the Senate , after Susan Collins of Maine . Like Collins , Murkowski is often described as one of the most moderate Republicans in the Senate and a crucial swing vote . Murkowski is the daughter of former U.S . Senator and Governor of Alaska Frank Murkowski . Before her appointment to the Senate , she served in the Alaska House of Representatives and was elected majority leader . She was controversially appointed to the Senate by her father , who resigned his seat in December 2002 to become governor of Alaska . Murkowski completed her fathers unexpired Senate term , which ended in January 2005 . Murkowski ran for and won a full term in 2004 . After losing the 2010 Republican primary to Tea Party candidate Joe Miller , Murkowski ran as a write-in candidate and defeated both Miller and Democrat Scott McAdams in the general election . She is the second U.S . Senator ( after Strom Thurmond in 1954 ) to be elected by write-in vote . Murkowski was elected to a third term in 2016 . Murkowski was vice chair of the Senate Republican Conference from 2009 to 2010 . She served as chair of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee from 2015 to 2021 , and has served as vice chair of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee since 2021 . On February 13 , 2021 , Murkowski was one of seven Republican senators to vote to convict Donald Trump of incitement of insurrection in his second impeachment trial , for which she was censured by the Alaska Republican Party . Early life , education , and early career . Murkowski was born in Ketchikan in the Territory of Alaska , the daughter of Nancy Rena ( née Gore ) and Frank Murkowski . Her paternal great-grandfather was of Polish descent , and her mothers ancestry is Irish and French Canadian . As a child , she and her family moved around the state with her fathers job as a banker . She earned a B.A . degree in economics from Georgetown University in 1980 , the same year her father was elected to the U.S . Senate . She is a member of Pi Beta Phi sorority and represented Alaska as the 1980 Cherry Blossom Princess . She received her J.D . degree in 1985 from Willamette University College of Law . Murkowski worked as an attorney in the Anchorage District Court Clerks office from 1987 to 1989 . From 1989 to 1998 , she was an attorney in private practice in Anchorage . She served on the Mayors Task Force for the Homeless from 1990 to 1991 . Alaska House of Representatives . In 1998 , Murkowski was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives . Her District 18 included northeast Anchorage , Fort Richardson and Elmendorf Air Force Base ( now Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson , or JBER ) , and suburban parts of Eagle River-Chugiak . In 1999 , she introduced legislation establishing a Joint Armed Services Committee . She was reelected in 2000 and , after her district boundaries changed , in 2002 . That year she had a conservative primary opponent , Nancy Dahlstrom , who challenged her because Murkowski supported abortion rights and rejected conservative economics . Murkowski prevailed by 56 votes . She was named as House Majority Leader for the 2003–04 legislative session . She resigned her House seat before taking office , due to her appointment by her father to the seat he had vacated in the U.S . Senate , upon his stepping down to assume the Alaska governorship . Murkowski sat on the Alaska Commission on Post Secondary Education and chaired both the Labor and Commerce and the Military and Veterans Affairs Committees . After she resigned to join the U.S . Senate , her father appointed Dahlstrom , the District Republican committees choice , as her replacement . U.S . Senate . Appointment . In December 2002 , Murkowski—while a member of the state House—was appointed by her father , Governor Frank Murkowski , to fill his own U.S . Senate seat made vacant when he resigned from the Senate after being elected governor . The appointment caused controversy in Alaska . Many voters disapproved of the nepotism . Her appointment eventually resulted in a referendum that stripped the governor of his power to directly appoint replacement Senators . Sarah Palin was particularly upset , because she had interviewed for the seat but had been rejected . Elections . Murkowski has won three full terms to the Senate , but has never won a majority of the vote ; she won 48.6% of the vote in 2004 , 39.5% in 2010 , and 44.4% in 2016 . 2004 . Murkowski ran for a full Senate term against former Governor Tony Knowles in the 2004 election after winning a primary challenge by a large margin . She was considered vulnerable due to the controversy over her appointment , and polling showed the race was very close . The centrist Republican Main Street Partnership , which wanted to run TV ads for Murkowski , was told no airtime was left to buy . Near the end of the campaign , senior U.S . Senator Ted Stevens shot ads for Murkowski and claimed that if a Democrat replaced Murkowski , Alaska would likely receive fewer federal dollars . Murkowski defeated Knowles by a narrow margin . 2010 . Murkowski faced the most difficult election of her career in the August 24 , 2010 , Republican Party primary election against Joe Miller , a former U.S . magistrate judge supported by former Governor Sarah Palin . The initial results showed her trailing Miller , 51–49% , with absentee ballots yet to be tallied . After the first round of absentee ballots were counted on August 31 , Murkowski conceded , saying that she did not believe that Millers lead could be overcome in the next round of absentee vote counting . After the primary , the Murkowski campaign floated the idea of her running as a Libertarian in the general election . But on August 29 , 2010 , the state Libertarian Party executive board voted not to consider Murkowski as its Senate nominee . On September 17 , 2010 , Murkowski said that she would mount a write-in campaign for the Senate seat . Her campaign was aided in large part by substantial monetary assistance from Native corporations and PACs , as well as state teachers and firefighters unions . On November 17 , 2010 , the Associated Press reported that Murkowski had become only the second Senate candidate ( after Strom Thurmond in 1954 ) to win a write-in campaign , thereby retaining her seat . She emerged victorious after a two-week count of write-in ballots showed she had overtaken Miller . Miller did not concede . U.S . Federal District Judge Ralph Beistline granted an injunction to stop the certification of the election due to serious legal issues and irregularities Miller raised about the hand count of absentee ballots . On December 10 , 2010 , an Alaskan judge dismissed Millers case , clearing the way for Murkowski , but on December 13 , Miller appealed the Alaska Superior Court decision of the previous week to the Alaska Supreme Court . The state Supreme Court rejected Millers appeal on December 22 . On December 28 , U.S . District Judge Ralph Beistline dismissed Millers lawsuit . Governor Sean Parnell certified Murkowski as the winner on December 30 . 2016 . After securing the Republican Party nomination by a wide margin , Murkowski was again reelected to the Senate in 2016 . Joe Miller , this time the Libertarian Party nominee , was again the runner-up . The election was unusual in featuring a Libertarian Party nominee who endorsed the Republican presidential nominee , Donald Trump , running against a Republican incumbent who did not . The Libertarian vice-presidential nominee , former Governor of Massachusetts Bill Weld , endorsed Murkowski , citing Millers support for Trump and devoted social conservative views as incompatible with libertarianism . 2022 . In 2017 , Murkowski filed to run for a fourth term in 2022 . Due to her opposition to some of his initiatives and her vote to convict him during his second impeachment trial , former President Donald Trump has pledged since June 2020 to campaign against Murkowski , implicitly endorsing a primary challenge in the process . Of the seven Republican senators who voted to convict Trump , Murkowski is the only one up for reelection in 2022 and she was censured by the states GOP immediately after the trial . Despite Trumps pledge , Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell signaled Republican senators commitment to back Murkowskis 2022 campaign . Committee assignments . - Committee on Appropriations - Subcommittee on Commerce , Justice , Science , and Related Agencies - Subcommittee on Homeland Security - Subcommittee on Interior , Environment , and Related Agencies ( Ranking member ) - Subcommittee on Legislative Branch - Subcommittee on Military Construction , Veterans Affairs , and Related Agencies - Committee on Energy and Natural Resources - Committee on Health , Education , Labor , and Pensions - Subcommittee on Children and Families - Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety - Committee on Indian Affairs ( ranking member ) Caucus memberships . - Senate Oceans Caucus ( co-chairwoman ) - Senate Cultural Caucus - Afterschool Caucuses - Senate Republican Conference Tenure and political positions . Murkowski is considered a moderate Republican . Since she was reelected in 2010 , some have deemed her voting record more moderate than that of her previous years in the Senate . In 2013 , the National Journal gave Murkowski a composite score of 56% conservative and 45% liberal and ranked her the 56th most liberal and 44th most conservative member of the Senate . According to GovTrack , Murkowski is the second most liberal Republican senator and , , is placed by GovTracks analysis to the left of all Republicans except Susan Collins , and to the left of Democratic Senator Joe Manchin . The New York Times arranged Republican senators by ideology and also ranked Murkowski the second most liberal Republican . According to FiveThirtyEight , which tracks Congressional votes , she voted with Trumps position approximately 74% of the time . According to FiveThirtyEight , as of May 2021 , Murkowski has voted with Bidens position about 86% of the time . According to CQ Roll Call , Murkowski voted with President Barack Obamas position 72.3% of the time in 2013 , one of only two Republicans voting for his positions over 70% of the time . According to the American Conservative Unions Center for Legislative Accountability , Murkowski has a lifetime conservative score of 56.72 . The liberal Americans for Democratic Action gave her a score of 10% in 2019 . In 2018 , she voted present on the confirmation of Justice Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court of the United States as a favor to Senator Steve Daines . In 2020 , she voted against procedural motions to accelerate Amy Coney Barretts confirmation to that court , though she later voted to confirm Barrett . In a March 2019 op-ed for The Washington Post , Murkowski and Joe Manchin wrote that climate change debate in Congress was depicted as an issue with just two sides—those who support drastic , unattainable measures to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions , and those who want to do nothing and affirmed their support for adopting reasonable policies that maintain that edge , build on and accelerate current efforts , and ensure a robust innovation ecosystem . In December 2020 , during his lame-duck period , Trump vetoed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 . The veto left new Coast Guard cutters that were scheduled to be homeported in Alaska without port facilities to maintain them . Murkowski issued a press release that said , in part , It’s incredible that the President chose to veto the annual National Defense Authorization Act , particularly because his reason for doing so is an issue not related to national defense . After Trump supporters stormed the United States Capitol on January 6 , 2021 , Murkowski said Trump should resign for inciting the insurrection . With this call for his resignation , she became the first Republican in the Senate to say that Trump should leave office before the inauguration of Joe Biden . When asked whether she would remain a Republican , she replied , if the Republican Party has become nothing more than the party of Trump , I sincerely question whether this is the party for me , but added , I have absolutely no desire to move over to the Democratic side of the aisle . I cant be somebody that Im not . On May 27 , 2021 , along with five other Republicans and all present Democrats , Murkowski voted to establish a bipartisan commission to investigate the January 6 storming of the U.S . Capitol . The vote failed for lack of 60 required yes votes . She was one of seven Republican senators to vote on February 13 , 2021 , to convict Trump in his second impeachment trial . That vote failed for lack of a 2/3rds majority . Personal life . Murkowski is married to Verne Martell . They have two children , Nicolas and Matthew . Murkowski is Roman Catholic . Property sale controversy . In July 2007 , Murkowski said she would sell back land she bought from Anchorage businessman Bob Penney , a day after a Washington watchdog group filed a Senate ethics complaint against her alleging that Penney sold the property well below market value . The Anchorage Daily News wrote , The transaction amounted to an illegal gift worth between $70,000 and $170,000 , depending on how the property was valued , according to the complaint by the National Legal and Policy Center . According to the Associated Press , Murkowski bought the land from two developers tied to the Ted Stevens probe . In 2008 , Murkowski amended her Senate financial disclosures for 2004 through 2006 , adding income of $60,000 per year from the sale of a property in 2003 , and more than $40,000 a year from the sale of her Alaska Pasta Company in 2005 .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Lisa Ann Murkowski ( ; born May 22 , 1957 ) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the senior United States Senator for Alaska , having held that seat since 2002 . Murkowski is the second-most senior Republican woman in the Senate , after Susan Collins of Maine . Like Collins , Murkowski is often described as one of the most moderate Republicans in the Senate and a crucial swing vote .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski is the daughter of former U.S . Senator and Governor of Alaska Frank Murkowski . Before her appointment to the Senate , she served in the Alaska House of Representatives and was elected majority leader . She was controversially appointed to the Senate by her father , who resigned his seat in December 2002 to become governor of Alaska . Murkowski completed her fathers unexpired Senate term , which ended in January 2005 .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": " Murkowski ran for and won a full term in 2004 . After losing the 2010 Republican primary to Tea Party candidate Joe Miller , Murkowski ran as a write-in candidate and defeated both Miller and Democrat Scott McAdams in the general election . She is the second U.S . Senator ( after Strom Thurmond in 1954 ) to be elected by write-in vote . Murkowski was elected to a third term in 2016 .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski was vice chair of the Senate Republican Conference from 2009 to 2010 . She served as chair of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee from 2015 to 2021 , and has served as vice chair of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee since 2021 .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": " On February 13 , 2021 , Murkowski was one of seven Republican senators to vote to convict Donald Trump of incitement of insurrection in his second impeachment trial , for which she was censured by the Alaska Republican Party . Early life , education , and early career .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski was born in Ketchikan in the Territory of Alaska , the daughter of Nancy Rena ( née Gore ) and Frank Murkowski . Her paternal great-grandfather was of Polish descent , and her mothers ancestry is Irish and French Canadian . As a child , she and her family moved around the state with her fathers job as a banker .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": " She earned a B.A . degree in economics from Georgetown University in 1980 , the same year her father was elected to the U.S . Senate . She is a member of Pi Beta Phi sorority and represented Alaska as the 1980 Cherry Blossom Princess . She received her J.D . degree in 1985 from Willamette University College of Law .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski worked as an attorney in the Anchorage District Court Clerks office from 1987 to 1989 . From 1989 to 1998 , she was an attorney in private practice in Anchorage . She served on the Mayors Task Force for the Homeless from 1990 to 1991 .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "In 1998 , Murkowski was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives . Her District 18 included northeast Anchorage , Fort Richardson and Elmendorf Air Force Base ( now Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson , or JBER ) , and suburban parts of Eagle River-Chugiak . In 1999 , she introduced legislation establishing a Joint Armed Services Committee . She was reelected in 2000 and , after her district boundaries changed , in 2002 . That year she had a conservative primary opponent , Nancy Dahlstrom , who challenged her because Murkowski supported abortion rights and rejected conservative economics . Murkowski prevailed",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": "by 56 votes . She was named as House Majority Leader for the 2003–04 legislative session . She resigned her House seat before taking office , due to her appointment by her father to the seat he had vacated in the U.S . Senate , upon his stepping down to assume the Alaska governorship . Murkowski sat on the Alaska Commission on Post Secondary Education and chaired both the Labor and Commerce and the Military and Veterans Affairs Committees . After she resigned to join the U.S . Senate , her father appointed Dahlstrom , the District Republican committees choice",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": ", as her replacement .",
"title": "Lisa Murkowski"
},
{
"text": " In December 2002 , Murkowski—while a member of the state House—was appointed by her father , Governor Frank Murkowski , to fill his own U.S . Senate seat made vacant when he resigned from the Senate after being elected governor . The appointment caused controversy in Alaska . Many voters disapproved of the nepotism . Her appointment eventually resulted in a referendum that stripped the governor of his power to directly appoint replacement Senators . Sarah Palin was particularly upset , because she had interviewed for the seat but had been rejected .",
"title": "Appointment"
},
{
"text": " Murkowski has won three full terms to the Senate , but has never won a majority of the vote ; she won 48.6% of the vote in 2004 , 39.5% in 2010 , and 44.4% in 2016 . 2004 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "Murkowski ran for a full Senate term against former Governor Tony Knowles in the 2004 election after winning a primary challenge by a large margin . She was considered vulnerable due to the controversy over her appointment , and polling showed the race was very close . The centrist Republican Main Street Partnership , which wanted to run TV ads for Murkowski , was told no airtime was left to buy . Near the end of the campaign , senior U.S . Senator Ted Stevens shot ads for Murkowski and claimed that if a Democrat replaced Murkowski , Alaska would",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "likely receive fewer federal dollars . Murkowski defeated Knowles by a narrow margin .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2010 . Murkowski faced the most difficult election of her career in the August 24 , 2010 , Republican Party primary election against Joe Miller , a former U.S . magistrate judge supported by former Governor Sarah Palin . The initial results showed her trailing Miller , 51–49% , with absentee ballots yet to be tallied . After the first round of absentee ballots were counted on August 31 , Murkowski conceded , saying that she did not believe that Millers lead could be overcome in the next round of absentee vote counting .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "After the primary , the Murkowski campaign floated the idea of her running as a Libertarian in the general election . But on August 29 , 2010 , the state Libertarian Party executive board voted not to consider Murkowski as its Senate nominee .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " On September 17 , 2010 , Murkowski said that she would mount a write-in campaign for the Senate seat . Her campaign was aided in large part by substantial monetary assistance from Native corporations and PACs , as well as state teachers and firefighters unions .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "On November 17 , 2010 , the Associated Press reported that Murkowski had become only the second Senate candidate ( after Strom Thurmond in 1954 ) to win a write-in campaign , thereby retaining her seat . She emerged victorious after a two-week count of write-in ballots showed she had overtaken Miller . Miller did not concede . U.S . Federal District Judge Ralph Beistline granted an injunction to stop the certification of the election due to serious legal issues and irregularities Miller raised about the hand count of absentee ballots . On December 10 , 2010 , an Alaskan",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "judge dismissed Millers case , clearing the way for Murkowski , but on December 13 , Miller appealed the Alaska Superior Court decision of the previous week to the Alaska Supreme Court . The state Supreme Court rejected Millers appeal on December 22 . On December 28 , U.S . District Judge Ralph Beistline dismissed Millers lawsuit . Governor Sean Parnell certified Murkowski as the winner on December 30 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2016 . After securing the Republican Party nomination by a wide margin , Murkowski was again reelected to the Senate in 2016 . Joe Miller , this time the Libertarian Party nominee , was again the runner-up . The election was unusual in featuring a Libertarian Party nominee who endorsed the Republican presidential nominee , Donald Trump , running against a Republican incumbent who did not . The Libertarian vice-presidential nominee , former Governor of Massachusetts Bill Weld , endorsed Murkowski , citing Millers support for Trump and devoted social conservative views as incompatible with libertarianism . 2022 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , Murkowski filed to run for a fourth term in 2022 . Due to her opposition to some of his initiatives and her vote to convict him during his second impeachment trial , former President Donald Trump has pledged since June 2020 to campaign against Murkowski , implicitly endorsing a primary challenge in the process . Of the seven Republican senators who voted to convict Trump , Murkowski is the only one up for reelection in 2022 and she was censured by the states GOP immediately after the trial . Despite Trumps pledge , Senate Minority Leader Mitch",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "McConnell signaled Republican senators commitment to back Murkowskis 2022 campaign .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " - Committee on Appropriations - Subcommittee on Commerce , Justice , Science , and Related Agencies - Subcommittee on Homeland Security - Subcommittee on Interior , Environment , and Related Agencies ( Ranking member ) - Subcommittee on Legislative Branch - Subcommittee on Military Construction , Veterans Affairs , and Related Agencies - Committee on Energy and Natural Resources - Committee on Health , Education , Labor , and Pensions - Subcommittee on Children and Families - Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety - Committee on Indian Affairs ( ranking member )",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " - Senate Oceans Caucus ( co-chairwoman ) - Senate Cultural Caucus - Afterschool Caucuses - Senate Republican Conference Tenure and political positions . Murkowski is considered a moderate Republican . Since she was reelected in 2010 , some have deemed her voting record more moderate than that of her previous years in the Senate . In 2013 , the National Journal gave Murkowski a composite score of 56% conservative and 45% liberal and ranked her the 56th most liberal and 44th most conservative member of the Senate .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "According to GovTrack , Murkowski is the second most liberal Republican senator and , , is placed by GovTracks analysis to the left of all Republicans except Susan Collins , and to the left of Democratic Senator Joe Manchin . The New York Times arranged Republican senators by ideology and also ranked Murkowski the second most liberal Republican . According to FiveThirtyEight , which tracks Congressional votes , she voted with Trumps position approximately 74% of the time . According to FiveThirtyEight , as of May 2021 , Murkowski has voted with Bidens position about 86% of the time .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "According to CQ Roll Call , Murkowski voted with President Barack Obamas position 72.3% of the time in 2013 , one of only two Republicans voting for his positions over 70% of the time . According to the American Conservative Unions Center for Legislative Accountability , Murkowski has a lifetime conservative score of 56.72 . The liberal Americans for Democratic Action gave her a score of 10% in 2019 .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , she voted present on the confirmation of Justice Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court of the United States as a favor to Senator Steve Daines . In 2020 , she voted against procedural motions to accelerate Amy Coney Barretts confirmation to that court , though she later voted to confirm Barrett .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "In a March 2019 op-ed for The Washington Post , Murkowski and Joe Manchin wrote that climate change debate in Congress was depicted as an issue with just two sides—those who support drastic , unattainable measures to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions , and those who want to do nothing and affirmed their support for adopting reasonable policies that maintain that edge , build on and accelerate current efforts , and ensure a robust innovation ecosystem .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " In December 2020 , during his lame-duck period , Trump vetoed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 . The veto left new Coast Guard cutters that were scheduled to be homeported in Alaska without port facilities to maintain them . Murkowski issued a press release that said , in part , It’s incredible that the President chose to veto the annual National Defense Authorization Act , particularly because his reason for doing so is an issue not related to national defense .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "After Trump supporters stormed the United States Capitol on January 6 , 2021 , Murkowski said Trump should resign for inciting the insurrection . With this call for his resignation , she became the first Republican in the Senate to say that Trump should leave office before the inauguration of Joe Biden . When asked whether she would remain a Republican , she replied , if the Republican Party has become nothing more than the party of Trump , I sincerely question whether this is the party for me , but added , I have absolutely no desire to move",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": "over to the Democratic side of the aisle . I cant be somebody that Im not . On May 27 , 2021 , along with five other Republicans and all present Democrats , Murkowski voted to establish a bipartisan commission to investigate the January 6 storming of the U.S . Capitol . The vote failed for lack of 60 required yes votes . She was one of seven Republican senators to vote on February 13 , 2021 , to convict Trump in his second impeachment trial . That vote failed for lack of a 2/3rds majority .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " Murkowski is married to Verne Martell . They have two children , Nicolas and Matthew . Murkowski is Roman Catholic .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In July 2007 , Murkowski said she would sell back land she bought from Anchorage businessman Bob Penney , a day after a Washington watchdog group filed a Senate ethics complaint against her alleging that Penney sold the property well below market value . The Anchorage Daily News wrote , The transaction amounted to an illegal gift worth between $70,000 and $170,000 , depending on how the property was valued , according to the complaint by the National Legal and Policy Center . According to the Associated Press , Murkowski bought the land from two developers tied to the Ted",
"title": "Property sale controversy"
},
{
"text": "Stevens probe .",
"title": "Property sale controversy"
},
{
"text": " In 2008 , Murkowski amended her Senate financial disclosures for 2004 through 2006 , adding income of $60,000 per year from the sale of a property in 2003 , and more than $40,000 a year from the sale of her Alaska Pasta Company in 2005 .",
"title": "Property sale controversy"
}
] |
/wiki/Erhard_Eppler#P102#0
|
Which political party did Erhard Eppler belong to between May 1944 and Aug 1944?
|
Erhard Eppler Erhard Eppler ( 9 December 1926 – 19 October 2019 ) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party ( SPD ) and founder of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit ( GTZ ) . He studied English , German and history in Frankfurt , Bern and Tübingen , achieved a PhD and worked as a teacher . He met Gustav Heinemann in the late 1940s , who became a role model . Eppler was a member of the Bundestag from 1961 to 1976 . He was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation first in 1968 during the grand coalition of Kurt Georg Kiesinger ( CDU ) and Willy Brandt ( SPD ) , continuing under Chancellor Brandt in 1969 and Chancellor Helmut Schmidt ( SPD ) in 1974 , when he stepped down . An early thinker on environmental sustainability and peace movements , Eppler was involved in various controversies within his party . He was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag ( German Protestant Church Assembly ) from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991 . Early years . Born in Ulm on 9 December 1926 , Eppler grew up in Schwäbisch Hall where his father was the headmaster of the local grammar school . His grandfather was pastor at the Ulmer Münster . During World War II , Eppler served from 1943 to 1945 in an anti-aircraft unit . He passed his Abitur in 1946 , and studied English , German and history at the Frankfurt University , in Bern and in Tübingen . In 1951 , he completed his PhD with a thesis on Elizabethan tragedy . He worked as a teacher at the Gymnasium in Schwenningen from 1953 until 1961 . Eppler and political parties . Eppler became a member of the NSDAP in September 1943 , at the age of 16 . Later he spoke of this decision as stupidity , but also said , It wasnt against my will that I ended up on some list [ of members of the NSDAP ] , but I accepted it . Things were like that in those times . While he was studying in Bern at the end of the 1940s , Eppler got to know Gustav Heinemann , one of the founders of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . Heinemann became Minister of the Interior from 1949 to 1950 , but then left the cabinet , and later the CDU , together with several other party members who disagreed with Chancellor Konrad Adenauers policy of complete integration into the Western world . Eppler joined Heinemanns new party , the All-German Peoples Party ( Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei ) , in 1952 , but like most members of the GVP , including Heinemann , he changed over to the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) in 1956 . For most of the time between 1970 and 1991 Eppler belonged to the SPDs National Executive Committee . He chaired an SPD commission on tax reform , and from 1973 to 1991 served on a commission for formulating the partys basic values ( Grundwertekommission ) , where he supported opposition to atomic energy . From 1973 to 1981 Eppler was the leader of the regional SPD in Baden-Württemberg . He was the SPDs candidate for the office of minister-president in that state , but his party was defeated by the CDU in two state elections . Member of parliament and minister . Eppler was a member of the Bundestag , the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany , from 1961 to 1976 . On 16 October 1968 , Eppler was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation in the grand coalition government of Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger ( CDU ) and Foreign Minister Willy Brandt ( SPD ) . He continued in that office when Willy Brandt became Chancellor in 1969 , but after his department was subject to severe budget cuts under the following Chancellor , Helmut Schmidt ( SPD ) in 1974 , he stepped down in protest . Political views . Eppler has always been considered to be a proponent of the left within the SPD . During Gerhard Schröders second term as Chancellor ( 2002–2005 ) , however , he supported the governments economic and social reforms , which were widely criticized as neo-liberal ( Agenda 2010 ) . Moreover , although he had been close to the peace movement of the 1980s , he supported the foreign policy of the Schröder government and approved of German participation in the military interventions in Kosovo in 1999 and Afghanistan since 2001 . He was an early adopter of views about ecological topics and environmental protection . In spite of his general loyalty to his partys leadership , he was especially unhappy with much of its economic policy during the partys time in power . In his book Not much time for the Third World , Eppler was one of the first to point out the connections between environmental protection and international development . Social involvement . After his withdrawal from federal politics , Eppler involved himself more in his work in the Protestant Church . From 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991 , he was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag ( German Protestant Church Congress ) . Eppler was also a member of the Wacholderhof Association , which promotes international cooperation , fair trade , and environmental sustainability . Epplers numerous publications also show his political and social involvement . They deal with a wide range of subjects that concern not only the political situation in Germany and the economy but also general questions of developments in politics and society . In 2006 , one of his books on the role of the state was honoured with the Das politische Buch 2006 prize of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation . Works . Epplers books are held by the German National Library , including : - Die tödliche Utopie der Sicherheit . Rowohlt , Reinbek bei Hamburg 1983 , . - Plattform für eine neue Mehrheit . Ein Kommentar zum Berliner Programm der SPD ( = Politik im Taschenbuch . Band 1 ) . Dietz , Bonn 1990 , . - Kavalleriepferde beim Hornsignal . Die Krise der Politik im Spiegel der Sprache ( = Edition Suhrkamp 1788 = NF 788 ) . Suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 1992 , . - Privatisierung der politischen Moral ? ( = Edition Suhrkamp . Standpunkte 2185 ) . Suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 2000 , . - Komplettes Stückwerk . Erfahrungen aus fünfzig Jahren Politik . Insel-Verlag , Frankfurt am Main u . a . 1996 , . - Eine Partei für das zweite Jahrzehnt : die SPD ? Vorwärts-Buch , Berlin 2008 , . - Der Politik aufs Maul geschaut . Kleines Wörterbuch zum öffentlichen Sprachgebrauch . Dietz , Bonn 2009 , . - Eine solidarische Leistungsgesellschaft . Epochenwechsel nach der Blamage der Marktliberalen . Dietz , Bonn 2011 , . - Links leben . Erinnerungen eines Wertkonservativen . Propyläen Verlag , Berlin 2015 , . External links . - Erhard Eppler ( related articles ) FAZ - Erhard Eppler willy-brandt-biografie.de - Die eilende Zeit ( documentary ) 100jahre-derfilm.de , 2007 - Der Gott des Wettbewerbs taz , 12 December 2007 - Reden wir über Geld . Interview . Süddeutsche Zeitung , 24 April 2009
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Erhard Eppler ( 9 December 1926 – 19 October 2019 ) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party ( SPD ) and founder of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit ( GTZ ) . He studied English , German and history in Frankfurt , Bern and Tübingen , achieved a PhD and worked as a teacher . He met Gustav Heinemann in the late 1940s , who became a role model . Eppler was a member of the Bundestag from 1961 to 1976 . He was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation first in 1968 during the grand coalition",
"title": "Erhard Eppler"
},
{
"text": "of Kurt Georg Kiesinger ( CDU ) and Willy Brandt ( SPD ) , continuing under Chancellor Brandt in 1969 and Chancellor Helmut Schmidt ( SPD ) in 1974 , when he stepped down .",
"title": "Erhard Eppler"
},
{
"text": " An early thinker on environmental sustainability and peace movements , Eppler was involved in various controversies within his party . He was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag ( German Protestant Church Assembly ) from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991 .",
"title": "Erhard Eppler"
},
{
"text": "Born in Ulm on 9 December 1926 , Eppler grew up in Schwäbisch Hall where his father was the headmaster of the local grammar school . His grandfather was pastor at the Ulmer Münster . During World War II , Eppler served from 1943 to 1945 in an anti-aircraft unit . He passed his Abitur in 1946 , and studied English , German and history at the Frankfurt University , in Bern and in Tübingen . In 1951 , he completed his PhD with a thesis on Elizabethan tragedy . He worked as a teacher at the Gymnasium in Schwenningen",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "from 1953 until 1961 .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " Eppler and political parties . Eppler became a member of the NSDAP in September 1943 , at the age of 16 . Later he spoke of this decision as stupidity , but also said , It wasnt against my will that I ended up on some list [ of members of the NSDAP ] , but I accepted it . Things were like that in those times .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "While he was studying in Bern at the end of the 1940s , Eppler got to know Gustav Heinemann , one of the founders of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . Heinemann became Minister of the Interior from 1949 to 1950 , but then left the cabinet , and later the CDU , together with several other party members who disagreed with Chancellor Konrad Adenauers policy of complete integration into the Western world . Eppler joined Heinemanns new party , the All-German Peoples Party ( Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei ) , in 1952 , but like most members of the",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "GVP , including Heinemann , he changed over to the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) in 1956 .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " For most of the time between 1970 and 1991 Eppler belonged to the SPDs National Executive Committee . He chaired an SPD commission on tax reform , and from 1973 to 1991 served on a commission for formulating the partys basic values ( Grundwertekommission ) , where he supported opposition to atomic energy . From 1973 to 1981 Eppler was the leader of the regional SPD in Baden-Württemberg . He was the SPDs candidate for the office of minister-president in that state , but his party was defeated by the CDU in two state elections .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Member of parliament and minister .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " Eppler was a member of the Bundestag , the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany , from 1961 to 1976 . On 16 October 1968 , Eppler was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation in the grand coalition government of Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger ( CDU ) and Foreign Minister Willy Brandt ( SPD ) . He continued in that office when Willy Brandt became Chancellor in 1969 , but after his department was subject to severe budget cuts under the following Chancellor , Helmut Schmidt ( SPD ) in 1974 , he stepped down in protest .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Eppler has always been considered to be a proponent of the left within the SPD . During Gerhard Schröders second term as Chancellor ( 2002–2005 ) , however , he supported the governments economic and social reforms , which were widely criticized as neo-liberal ( Agenda 2010 ) . Moreover , although he had been close to the peace movement of the 1980s , he supported the foreign policy of the Schröder government and approved of German participation in the military interventions in Kosovo in 1999 and Afghanistan since 2001 . He was an early adopter of views about ecological",
"title": "Political views"
},
{
"text": "topics and environmental protection . In spite of his general loyalty to his partys leadership , he was especially unhappy with much of its economic policy during the partys time in power .",
"title": "Political views"
},
{
"text": " In his book Not much time for the Third World , Eppler was one of the first to point out the connections between environmental protection and international development .",
"title": "Political views"
},
{
"text": " After his withdrawal from federal politics , Eppler involved himself more in his work in the Protestant Church . From 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991 , he was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag ( German Protestant Church Congress ) .",
"title": "Social involvement"
},
{
"text": "Eppler was also a member of the Wacholderhof Association , which promotes international cooperation , fair trade , and environmental sustainability . Epplers numerous publications also show his political and social involvement . They deal with a wide range of subjects that concern not only the political situation in Germany and the economy but also general questions of developments in politics and society . In 2006 , one of his books on the role of the state was honoured with the Das politische Buch 2006 prize of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation .",
"title": "Social involvement"
},
{
"text": " Epplers books are held by the German National Library , including : - Die tödliche Utopie der Sicherheit . Rowohlt , Reinbek bei Hamburg 1983 , . - Plattform für eine neue Mehrheit . Ein Kommentar zum Berliner Programm der SPD ( = Politik im Taschenbuch . Band 1 ) . Dietz , Bonn 1990 , . - Kavalleriepferde beim Hornsignal . Die Krise der Politik im Spiegel der Sprache ( = Edition Suhrkamp 1788 = NF 788 ) . Suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 1992 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": "- Privatisierung der politischen Moral ? ( = Edition Suhrkamp . Standpunkte 2185 ) . Suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 2000 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Komplettes Stückwerk . Erfahrungen aus fünfzig Jahren Politik . Insel-Verlag , Frankfurt am Main u . a . 1996 , . - Eine Partei für das zweite Jahrzehnt : die SPD ? Vorwärts-Buch , Berlin 2008 , . - Der Politik aufs Maul geschaut . Kleines Wörterbuch zum öffentlichen Sprachgebrauch . Dietz , Bonn 2009 , . - Eine solidarische Leistungsgesellschaft . Epochenwechsel nach der Blamage der Marktliberalen . Dietz , Bonn 2011 , . - Links leben . Erinnerungen eines Wertkonservativen . Propyläen Verlag , Berlin 2015 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Erhard Eppler ( related articles ) FAZ - Erhard Eppler willy-brandt-biografie.de - Die eilende Zeit ( documentary ) 100jahre-derfilm.de , 2007 - Der Gott des Wettbewerbs taz , 12 December 2007 - Reden wir über Geld . Interview . Süddeutsche Zeitung , 24 April 2009",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Erhard_Eppler#P102#1
|
Which political party did Erhard Eppler belong to in Dec 1952?
|
Erhard Eppler Erhard Eppler ( 9 December 1926 – 19 October 2019 ) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party ( SPD ) and founder of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit ( GTZ ) . He studied English , German and history in Frankfurt , Bern and Tübingen , achieved a PhD and worked as a teacher . He met Gustav Heinemann in the late 1940s , who became a role model . Eppler was a member of the Bundestag from 1961 to 1976 . He was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation first in 1968 during the grand coalition of Kurt Georg Kiesinger ( CDU ) and Willy Brandt ( SPD ) , continuing under Chancellor Brandt in 1969 and Chancellor Helmut Schmidt ( SPD ) in 1974 , when he stepped down . An early thinker on environmental sustainability and peace movements , Eppler was involved in various controversies within his party . He was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag ( German Protestant Church Assembly ) from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991 . Early years . Born in Ulm on 9 December 1926 , Eppler grew up in Schwäbisch Hall where his father was the headmaster of the local grammar school . His grandfather was pastor at the Ulmer Münster . During World War II , Eppler served from 1943 to 1945 in an anti-aircraft unit . He passed his Abitur in 1946 , and studied English , German and history at the Frankfurt University , in Bern and in Tübingen . In 1951 , he completed his PhD with a thesis on Elizabethan tragedy . He worked as a teacher at the Gymnasium in Schwenningen from 1953 until 1961 . Eppler and political parties . Eppler became a member of the NSDAP in September 1943 , at the age of 16 . Later he spoke of this decision as stupidity , but also said , It wasnt against my will that I ended up on some list [ of members of the NSDAP ] , but I accepted it . Things were like that in those times . While he was studying in Bern at the end of the 1940s , Eppler got to know Gustav Heinemann , one of the founders of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . Heinemann became Minister of the Interior from 1949 to 1950 , but then left the cabinet , and later the CDU , together with several other party members who disagreed with Chancellor Konrad Adenauers policy of complete integration into the Western world . Eppler joined Heinemanns new party , the All-German Peoples Party ( Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei ) , in 1952 , but like most members of the GVP , including Heinemann , he changed over to the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) in 1956 . For most of the time between 1970 and 1991 Eppler belonged to the SPDs National Executive Committee . He chaired an SPD commission on tax reform , and from 1973 to 1991 served on a commission for formulating the partys basic values ( Grundwertekommission ) , where he supported opposition to atomic energy . From 1973 to 1981 Eppler was the leader of the regional SPD in Baden-Württemberg . He was the SPDs candidate for the office of minister-president in that state , but his party was defeated by the CDU in two state elections . Member of parliament and minister . Eppler was a member of the Bundestag , the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany , from 1961 to 1976 . On 16 October 1968 , Eppler was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation in the grand coalition government of Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger ( CDU ) and Foreign Minister Willy Brandt ( SPD ) . He continued in that office when Willy Brandt became Chancellor in 1969 , but after his department was subject to severe budget cuts under the following Chancellor , Helmut Schmidt ( SPD ) in 1974 , he stepped down in protest . Political views . Eppler has always been considered to be a proponent of the left within the SPD . During Gerhard Schröders second term as Chancellor ( 2002–2005 ) , however , he supported the governments economic and social reforms , which were widely criticized as neo-liberal ( Agenda 2010 ) . Moreover , although he had been close to the peace movement of the 1980s , he supported the foreign policy of the Schröder government and approved of German participation in the military interventions in Kosovo in 1999 and Afghanistan since 2001 . He was an early adopter of views about ecological topics and environmental protection . In spite of his general loyalty to his partys leadership , he was especially unhappy with much of its economic policy during the partys time in power . In his book Not much time for the Third World , Eppler was one of the first to point out the connections between environmental protection and international development . Social involvement . After his withdrawal from federal politics , Eppler involved himself more in his work in the Protestant Church . From 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991 , he was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag ( German Protestant Church Congress ) . Eppler was also a member of the Wacholderhof Association , which promotes international cooperation , fair trade , and environmental sustainability . Epplers numerous publications also show his political and social involvement . They deal with a wide range of subjects that concern not only the political situation in Germany and the economy but also general questions of developments in politics and society . In 2006 , one of his books on the role of the state was honoured with the Das politische Buch 2006 prize of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation . Works . Epplers books are held by the German National Library , including : - Die tödliche Utopie der Sicherheit . Rowohlt , Reinbek bei Hamburg 1983 , . - Plattform für eine neue Mehrheit . Ein Kommentar zum Berliner Programm der SPD ( = Politik im Taschenbuch . Band 1 ) . Dietz , Bonn 1990 , . - Kavalleriepferde beim Hornsignal . Die Krise der Politik im Spiegel der Sprache ( = Edition Suhrkamp 1788 = NF 788 ) . Suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 1992 , . - Privatisierung der politischen Moral ? ( = Edition Suhrkamp . Standpunkte 2185 ) . Suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 2000 , . - Komplettes Stückwerk . Erfahrungen aus fünfzig Jahren Politik . Insel-Verlag , Frankfurt am Main u . a . 1996 , . - Eine Partei für das zweite Jahrzehnt : die SPD ? Vorwärts-Buch , Berlin 2008 , . - Der Politik aufs Maul geschaut . Kleines Wörterbuch zum öffentlichen Sprachgebrauch . Dietz , Bonn 2009 , . - Eine solidarische Leistungsgesellschaft . Epochenwechsel nach der Blamage der Marktliberalen . Dietz , Bonn 2011 , . - Links leben . Erinnerungen eines Wertkonservativen . Propyläen Verlag , Berlin 2015 , . External links . - Erhard Eppler ( related articles ) FAZ - Erhard Eppler willy-brandt-biografie.de - Die eilende Zeit ( documentary ) 100jahre-derfilm.de , 2007 - Der Gott des Wettbewerbs taz , 12 December 2007 - Reden wir über Geld . Interview . Süddeutsche Zeitung , 24 April 2009
|
[
"Social Democratic Party of Germany"
] |
[
{
"text": "Erhard Eppler ( 9 December 1926 – 19 October 2019 ) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party ( SPD ) and founder of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit ( GTZ ) . He studied English , German and history in Frankfurt , Bern and Tübingen , achieved a PhD and worked as a teacher . He met Gustav Heinemann in the late 1940s , who became a role model . Eppler was a member of the Bundestag from 1961 to 1976 . He was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation first in 1968 during the grand coalition",
"title": "Erhard Eppler"
},
{
"text": "of Kurt Georg Kiesinger ( CDU ) and Willy Brandt ( SPD ) , continuing under Chancellor Brandt in 1969 and Chancellor Helmut Schmidt ( SPD ) in 1974 , when he stepped down .",
"title": "Erhard Eppler"
},
{
"text": " An early thinker on environmental sustainability and peace movements , Eppler was involved in various controversies within his party . He was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag ( German Protestant Church Assembly ) from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991 .",
"title": "Erhard Eppler"
},
{
"text": "Born in Ulm on 9 December 1926 , Eppler grew up in Schwäbisch Hall where his father was the headmaster of the local grammar school . His grandfather was pastor at the Ulmer Münster . During World War II , Eppler served from 1943 to 1945 in an anti-aircraft unit . He passed his Abitur in 1946 , and studied English , German and history at the Frankfurt University , in Bern and in Tübingen . In 1951 , he completed his PhD with a thesis on Elizabethan tragedy . He worked as a teacher at the Gymnasium in Schwenningen",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "from 1953 until 1961 .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " Eppler and political parties . Eppler became a member of the NSDAP in September 1943 , at the age of 16 . Later he spoke of this decision as stupidity , but also said , It wasnt against my will that I ended up on some list [ of members of the NSDAP ] , but I accepted it . Things were like that in those times .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "While he was studying in Bern at the end of the 1940s , Eppler got to know Gustav Heinemann , one of the founders of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . Heinemann became Minister of the Interior from 1949 to 1950 , but then left the cabinet , and later the CDU , together with several other party members who disagreed with Chancellor Konrad Adenauers policy of complete integration into the Western world . Eppler joined Heinemanns new party , the All-German Peoples Party ( Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei ) , in 1952 , but like most members of the",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "GVP , including Heinemann , he changed over to the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) in 1956 .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " For most of the time between 1970 and 1991 Eppler belonged to the SPDs National Executive Committee . He chaired an SPD commission on tax reform , and from 1973 to 1991 served on a commission for formulating the partys basic values ( Grundwertekommission ) , where he supported opposition to atomic energy . From 1973 to 1981 Eppler was the leader of the regional SPD in Baden-Württemberg . He was the SPDs candidate for the office of minister-president in that state , but his party was defeated by the CDU in two state elections .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Member of parliament and minister .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " Eppler was a member of the Bundestag , the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany , from 1961 to 1976 . On 16 October 1968 , Eppler was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation in the grand coalition government of Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger ( CDU ) and Foreign Minister Willy Brandt ( SPD ) . He continued in that office when Willy Brandt became Chancellor in 1969 , but after his department was subject to severe budget cuts under the following Chancellor , Helmut Schmidt ( SPD ) in 1974 , he stepped down in protest .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Eppler has always been considered to be a proponent of the left within the SPD . During Gerhard Schröders second term as Chancellor ( 2002–2005 ) , however , he supported the governments economic and social reforms , which were widely criticized as neo-liberal ( Agenda 2010 ) . Moreover , although he had been close to the peace movement of the 1980s , he supported the foreign policy of the Schröder government and approved of German participation in the military interventions in Kosovo in 1999 and Afghanistan since 2001 . He was an early adopter of views about ecological",
"title": "Political views"
},
{
"text": "topics and environmental protection . In spite of his general loyalty to his partys leadership , he was especially unhappy with much of its economic policy during the partys time in power .",
"title": "Political views"
},
{
"text": " In his book Not much time for the Third World , Eppler was one of the first to point out the connections between environmental protection and international development .",
"title": "Political views"
},
{
"text": " After his withdrawal from federal politics , Eppler involved himself more in his work in the Protestant Church . From 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991 , he was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag ( German Protestant Church Congress ) .",
"title": "Social involvement"
},
{
"text": "Eppler was also a member of the Wacholderhof Association , which promotes international cooperation , fair trade , and environmental sustainability . Epplers numerous publications also show his political and social involvement . They deal with a wide range of subjects that concern not only the political situation in Germany and the economy but also general questions of developments in politics and society . In 2006 , one of his books on the role of the state was honoured with the Das politische Buch 2006 prize of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation .",
"title": "Social involvement"
},
{
"text": " Epplers books are held by the German National Library , including : - Die tödliche Utopie der Sicherheit . Rowohlt , Reinbek bei Hamburg 1983 , . - Plattform für eine neue Mehrheit . Ein Kommentar zum Berliner Programm der SPD ( = Politik im Taschenbuch . Band 1 ) . Dietz , Bonn 1990 , . - Kavalleriepferde beim Hornsignal . Die Krise der Politik im Spiegel der Sprache ( = Edition Suhrkamp 1788 = NF 788 ) . Suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 1992 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": "- Privatisierung der politischen Moral ? ( = Edition Suhrkamp . Standpunkte 2185 ) . Suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 2000 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Komplettes Stückwerk . Erfahrungen aus fünfzig Jahren Politik . Insel-Verlag , Frankfurt am Main u . a . 1996 , . - Eine Partei für das zweite Jahrzehnt : die SPD ? Vorwärts-Buch , Berlin 2008 , . - Der Politik aufs Maul geschaut . Kleines Wörterbuch zum öffentlichen Sprachgebrauch . Dietz , Bonn 2009 , . - Eine solidarische Leistungsgesellschaft . Epochenwechsel nach der Blamage der Marktliberalen . Dietz , Bonn 2011 , . - Links leben . Erinnerungen eines Wertkonservativen . Propyläen Verlag , Berlin 2015 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Erhard Eppler ( related articles ) FAZ - Erhard Eppler willy-brandt-biografie.de - Die eilende Zeit ( documentary ) 100jahre-derfilm.de , 2007 - Der Gott des Wettbewerbs taz , 12 December 2007 - Reden wir über Geld . Interview . Süddeutsche Zeitung , 24 April 2009",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Erhard_Eppler#P102#2
|
Which political party did Erhard Eppler belong to after Jul 1956?
|
Erhard Eppler Erhard Eppler ( 9 December 1926 – 19 October 2019 ) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party ( SPD ) and founder of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit ( GTZ ) . He studied English , German and history in Frankfurt , Bern and Tübingen , achieved a PhD and worked as a teacher . He met Gustav Heinemann in the late 1940s , who became a role model . Eppler was a member of the Bundestag from 1961 to 1976 . He was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation first in 1968 during the grand coalition of Kurt Georg Kiesinger ( CDU ) and Willy Brandt ( SPD ) , continuing under Chancellor Brandt in 1969 and Chancellor Helmut Schmidt ( SPD ) in 1974 , when he stepped down . An early thinker on environmental sustainability and peace movements , Eppler was involved in various controversies within his party . He was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag ( German Protestant Church Assembly ) from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991 . Early years . Born in Ulm on 9 December 1926 , Eppler grew up in Schwäbisch Hall where his father was the headmaster of the local grammar school . His grandfather was pastor at the Ulmer Münster . During World War II , Eppler served from 1943 to 1945 in an anti-aircraft unit . He passed his Abitur in 1946 , and studied English , German and history at the Frankfurt University , in Bern and in Tübingen . In 1951 , he completed his PhD with a thesis on Elizabethan tragedy . He worked as a teacher at the Gymnasium in Schwenningen from 1953 until 1961 . Eppler and political parties . Eppler became a member of the NSDAP in September 1943 , at the age of 16 . Later he spoke of this decision as stupidity , but also said , It wasnt against my will that I ended up on some list [ of members of the NSDAP ] , but I accepted it . Things were like that in those times . While he was studying in Bern at the end of the 1940s , Eppler got to know Gustav Heinemann , one of the founders of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . Heinemann became Minister of the Interior from 1949 to 1950 , but then left the cabinet , and later the CDU , together with several other party members who disagreed with Chancellor Konrad Adenauers policy of complete integration into the Western world . Eppler joined Heinemanns new party , the All-German Peoples Party ( Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei ) , in 1952 , but like most members of the GVP , including Heinemann , he changed over to the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) in 1956 . For most of the time between 1970 and 1991 Eppler belonged to the SPDs National Executive Committee . He chaired an SPD commission on tax reform , and from 1973 to 1991 served on a commission for formulating the partys basic values ( Grundwertekommission ) , where he supported opposition to atomic energy . From 1973 to 1981 Eppler was the leader of the regional SPD in Baden-Württemberg . He was the SPDs candidate for the office of minister-president in that state , but his party was defeated by the CDU in two state elections . Member of parliament and minister . Eppler was a member of the Bundestag , the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany , from 1961 to 1976 . On 16 October 1968 , Eppler was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation in the grand coalition government of Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger ( CDU ) and Foreign Minister Willy Brandt ( SPD ) . He continued in that office when Willy Brandt became Chancellor in 1969 , but after his department was subject to severe budget cuts under the following Chancellor , Helmut Schmidt ( SPD ) in 1974 , he stepped down in protest . Political views . Eppler has always been considered to be a proponent of the left within the SPD . During Gerhard Schröders second term as Chancellor ( 2002–2005 ) , however , he supported the governments economic and social reforms , which were widely criticized as neo-liberal ( Agenda 2010 ) . Moreover , although he had been close to the peace movement of the 1980s , he supported the foreign policy of the Schröder government and approved of German participation in the military interventions in Kosovo in 1999 and Afghanistan since 2001 . He was an early adopter of views about ecological topics and environmental protection . In spite of his general loyalty to his partys leadership , he was especially unhappy with much of its economic policy during the partys time in power . In his book Not much time for the Third World , Eppler was one of the first to point out the connections between environmental protection and international development . Social involvement . After his withdrawal from federal politics , Eppler involved himself more in his work in the Protestant Church . From 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991 , he was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag ( German Protestant Church Congress ) . Eppler was also a member of the Wacholderhof Association , which promotes international cooperation , fair trade , and environmental sustainability . Epplers numerous publications also show his political and social involvement . They deal with a wide range of subjects that concern not only the political situation in Germany and the economy but also general questions of developments in politics and society . In 2006 , one of his books on the role of the state was honoured with the Das politische Buch 2006 prize of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation . Works . Epplers books are held by the German National Library , including : - Die tödliche Utopie der Sicherheit . Rowohlt , Reinbek bei Hamburg 1983 , . - Plattform für eine neue Mehrheit . Ein Kommentar zum Berliner Programm der SPD ( = Politik im Taschenbuch . Band 1 ) . Dietz , Bonn 1990 , . - Kavalleriepferde beim Hornsignal . Die Krise der Politik im Spiegel der Sprache ( = Edition Suhrkamp 1788 = NF 788 ) . Suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 1992 , . - Privatisierung der politischen Moral ? ( = Edition Suhrkamp . Standpunkte 2185 ) . Suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 2000 , . - Komplettes Stückwerk . Erfahrungen aus fünfzig Jahren Politik . Insel-Verlag , Frankfurt am Main u . a . 1996 , . - Eine Partei für das zweite Jahrzehnt : die SPD ? Vorwärts-Buch , Berlin 2008 , . - Der Politik aufs Maul geschaut . Kleines Wörterbuch zum öffentlichen Sprachgebrauch . Dietz , Bonn 2009 , . - Eine solidarische Leistungsgesellschaft . Epochenwechsel nach der Blamage der Marktliberalen . Dietz , Bonn 2011 , . - Links leben . Erinnerungen eines Wertkonservativen . Propyläen Verlag , Berlin 2015 , . External links . - Erhard Eppler ( related articles ) FAZ - Erhard Eppler willy-brandt-biografie.de - Die eilende Zeit ( documentary ) 100jahre-derfilm.de , 2007 - Der Gott des Wettbewerbs taz , 12 December 2007 - Reden wir über Geld . Interview . Süddeutsche Zeitung , 24 April 2009
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Erhard Eppler ( 9 December 1926 – 19 October 2019 ) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party ( SPD ) and founder of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit ( GTZ ) . He studied English , German and history in Frankfurt , Bern and Tübingen , achieved a PhD and worked as a teacher . He met Gustav Heinemann in the late 1940s , who became a role model . Eppler was a member of the Bundestag from 1961 to 1976 . He was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation first in 1968 during the grand coalition",
"title": "Erhard Eppler"
},
{
"text": "of Kurt Georg Kiesinger ( CDU ) and Willy Brandt ( SPD ) , continuing under Chancellor Brandt in 1969 and Chancellor Helmut Schmidt ( SPD ) in 1974 , when he stepped down .",
"title": "Erhard Eppler"
},
{
"text": " An early thinker on environmental sustainability and peace movements , Eppler was involved in various controversies within his party . He was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag ( German Protestant Church Assembly ) from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991 .",
"title": "Erhard Eppler"
},
{
"text": "Born in Ulm on 9 December 1926 , Eppler grew up in Schwäbisch Hall where his father was the headmaster of the local grammar school . His grandfather was pastor at the Ulmer Münster . During World War II , Eppler served from 1943 to 1945 in an anti-aircraft unit . He passed his Abitur in 1946 , and studied English , German and history at the Frankfurt University , in Bern and in Tübingen . In 1951 , he completed his PhD with a thesis on Elizabethan tragedy . He worked as a teacher at the Gymnasium in Schwenningen",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "from 1953 until 1961 .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " Eppler and political parties . Eppler became a member of the NSDAP in September 1943 , at the age of 16 . Later he spoke of this decision as stupidity , but also said , It wasnt against my will that I ended up on some list [ of members of the NSDAP ] , but I accepted it . Things were like that in those times .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "While he was studying in Bern at the end of the 1940s , Eppler got to know Gustav Heinemann , one of the founders of the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . Heinemann became Minister of the Interior from 1949 to 1950 , but then left the cabinet , and later the CDU , together with several other party members who disagreed with Chancellor Konrad Adenauers policy of complete integration into the Western world . Eppler joined Heinemanns new party , the All-German Peoples Party ( Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei ) , in 1952 , but like most members of the",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "GVP , including Heinemann , he changed over to the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) in 1956 .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " For most of the time between 1970 and 1991 Eppler belonged to the SPDs National Executive Committee . He chaired an SPD commission on tax reform , and from 1973 to 1991 served on a commission for formulating the partys basic values ( Grundwertekommission ) , where he supported opposition to atomic energy . From 1973 to 1981 Eppler was the leader of the regional SPD in Baden-Württemberg . He was the SPDs candidate for the office of minister-president in that state , but his party was defeated by the CDU in two state elections .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Member of parliament and minister .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " Eppler was a member of the Bundestag , the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany , from 1961 to 1976 . On 16 October 1968 , Eppler was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation in the grand coalition government of Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger ( CDU ) and Foreign Minister Willy Brandt ( SPD ) . He continued in that office when Willy Brandt became Chancellor in 1969 , but after his department was subject to severe budget cuts under the following Chancellor , Helmut Schmidt ( SPD ) in 1974 , he stepped down in protest .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Eppler has always been considered to be a proponent of the left within the SPD . During Gerhard Schröders second term as Chancellor ( 2002–2005 ) , however , he supported the governments economic and social reforms , which were widely criticized as neo-liberal ( Agenda 2010 ) . Moreover , although he had been close to the peace movement of the 1980s , he supported the foreign policy of the Schröder government and approved of German participation in the military interventions in Kosovo in 1999 and Afghanistan since 2001 . He was an early adopter of views about ecological",
"title": "Political views"
},
{
"text": "topics and environmental protection . In spite of his general loyalty to his partys leadership , he was especially unhappy with much of its economic policy during the partys time in power .",
"title": "Political views"
},
{
"text": " In his book Not much time for the Third World , Eppler was one of the first to point out the connections between environmental protection and international development .",
"title": "Political views"
},
{
"text": " After his withdrawal from federal politics , Eppler involved himself more in his work in the Protestant Church . From 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991 , he was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag ( German Protestant Church Congress ) .",
"title": "Social involvement"
},
{
"text": "Eppler was also a member of the Wacholderhof Association , which promotes international cooperation , fair trade , and environmental sustainability . Epplers numerous publications also show his political and social involvement . They deal with a wide range of subjects that concern not only the political situation in Germany and the economy but also general questions of developments in politics and society . In 2006 , one of his books on the role of the state was honoured with the Das politische Buch 2006 prize of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation .",
"title": "Social involvement"
},
{
"text": " Epplers books are held by the German National Library , including : - Die tödliche Utopie der Sicherheit . Rowohlt , Reinbek bei Hamburg 1983 , . - Plattform für eine neue Mehrheit . Ein Kommentar zum Berliner Programm der SPD ( = Politik im Taschenbuch . Band 1 ) . Dietz , Bonn 1990 , . - Kavalleriepferde beim Hornsignal . Die Krise der Politik im Spiegel der Sprache ( = Edition Suhrkamp 1788 = NF 788 ) . Suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 1992 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": "- Privatisierung der politischen Moral ? ( = Edition Suhrkamp . Standpunkte 2185 ) . Suhrkamp , Frankfurt am Main 2000 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Komplettes Stückwerk . Erfahrungen aus fünfzig Jahren Politik . Insel-Verlag , Frankfurt am Main u . a . 1996 , . - Eine Partei für das zweite Jahrzehnt : die SPD ? Vorwärts-Buch , Berlin 2008 , . - Der Politik aufs Maul geschaut . Kleines Wörterbuch zum öffentlichen Sprachgebrauch . Dietz , Bonn 2009 , . - Eine solidarische Leistungsgesellschaft . Epochenwechsel nach der Blamage der Marktliberalen . Dietz , Bonn 2011 , . - Links leben . Erinnerungen eines Wertkonservativen . Propyläen Verlag , Berlin 2015 , .",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Erhard Eppler ( related articles ) FAZ - Erhard Eppler willy-brandt-biografie.de - Die eilende Zeit ( documentary ) 100jahre-derfilm.de , 2007 - Der Gott des Wettbewerbs taz , 12 December 2007 - Reden wir über Geld . Interview . Süddeutsche Zeitung , 24 April 2009",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles#P39#0
|
John Foster Dulles took which position before Aug 1947?
|
John Foster Dulles John Foster Dulles ( ; February 25 , 1888May 24 , 1959 ) was an American diplomat , lawyer , and Republican politician . He served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D . Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 and was briefly a U.S . Senator for New York in 1949 . He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era , advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world . Born in Washington , D.C. , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell after graduating from George Washington University Law School . His grandfather , John W . Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , both served as United States Secretary of State , while his brother , Allen Dulles , served as the Director of Central Intelligence from 1953 to 1961 . John Foster Dulles served on the War Industries Board during World War I and he was a U.S . legal counsel at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference . He became a member of the League of Free Nations Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations . Dulles also helped design the Dawes Plan , which sought to stabilize Europe by reducing German war reparations . Dulles served as the chief foreign policy adviser to Thomas E . Dewey , the Republican presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948 . He also helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter and served as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly . In 1949 , Dewey appointed Dulles to fill the vacancy caused by the illness and resignation of Senator Robert F . Wagner . Dulles served for four months before his defeat in a special election against Herbert H . Lehman . After Dwight Eisenhower won the 1952 presidential election , he chose Dulles as Secretary of State . Throughout his tenure , Dulles favored a strategy of massive retaliation in response to Soviet aggression and concentrated on building and strengthening Cold War alliances , most prominently the North Atlantic Treaty Organization . He was the architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , an anti-Communist defensive alliance between the United States and several nations in and near Southeast Asia . He also helped instigate the 1953 Iranian coup détat and the 1954 Guatemalan coup détat . Dulles advocated support of the French in their war against the Viet Minh in Indochina but rejected the Geneva Accords between France and the communists , instead supporting South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference in 1954 . Suffering from colon cancer , Dulles resigned from office in 1959 and died later that year . Early life . Born in Washington , D.C. , he was one of five children and the eldest son born to Presbyterian minister Allen Macy Dulles and his wife , Edith ( née Foster ) . His paternal grandfather , John Welsh Dulles , had been a Presbyterian missionary in India . His maternal grandfather , John W . Foster , had been Secretary of State under Benjamin Harrison , and doted on Dulles and his brother Allen , who would later become the director of the Central Intelligence Agency . The brothers attended public schools in Watertown , New York and spent summers with their maternal grandfather in nearby Henderson Harbor . Dulles attended Princeton University and graduated as a member of Phi Beta Kappa in 1908 . At Princeton , Dulles competed on the American Whig-Cliosophic Society debate team and was a member of University Cottage Club . He then attended the George Washington University Law School in Washington , D.C . Early career . Upon graduating from law school and passing the bar examination , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , where he specialized in international law . After the start of World War I , Dulles tried to join the United States Army but was rejected because of poor eyesight . Instead , Dulles received an army commission as major on the War Industries Board . Dulles later returned to Sullivan & Cromwell and became a partner with an international practice . In 1917 , Dulless uncle , Robert Lansing , the then-Secretary of State , recruited him to travel to Nicaragua , Costa Rica and Panama . Dulles advised Washington to support Costa Ricas dictator , Federico Tinoco , on the grounds that he was anti-German , and also encouraged Nicaraguas dictator , Emiliano Chamorro , to issue a proclamation suspending diplomatic relations with Germany . In Panama , Dulles offered waiver of the tax imposed by the United States on the annual Canal fee , in exchange for a Panamanian declaration of war on Germany . International diplomacy . Versailles Peace Conference . In 1918 , President Woodrow Wilson appointed Dulles as legal counsel to the United States delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference where he served under his uncle , Secretary of State Robert Lansing . Dulles made an early impression as a junior diplomat . While some recollections indicate he clearly and forcefully argued against imposing crushing reparations on Germany , other recollections indicate he ensured Germanys reparation payments would extend for decades as perceived leverage militating against future German borne hostilities . Afterwards , he served as a member of the War Reparations Committee at Wilsons request . He was also an early member , along with future First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt , of the League of Free Nations Association , founded in 1918 and after 1923 known as the Foreign Policy Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations . Dawes Plan . As a partner in Sullivan & Cromwell , Dulles expanded upon his late grandfather Fosters expertise , specializing in international finance . He played a major role in designing the Dawes Plan , which reduced German reparations payments and temporarily resolved the reparations issue by having American firms lend money to German states and private companies . Under that compromise , the money was invested and the profits sent as reparations to Britain and France , which used the funds to repay their own war loans from the U.S . In the 1920s Dulles was involved in setting up a billion dollars worth of these loans . After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 , Dulless previous practice brokering and documenting international loans ended . After 1931 Germany stopped making some of its scheduled payments . In 1934 Germany unilaterally stopped payments on private debts of the sort that Dulles was handling . In 1935 , with the Nazis in power , Sullivan & Cromwells junior partners forced Dulles to cut all business ties with Germany . Dulles was then prominent in the religious peace movement and an isolationist , but the junior partners were led by his brother Allen , so he reluctantly acceded to their wishes . Fosdick controversy . Dulles , a deeply religious man , attended numerous international conferences of churchmen during the 1920s and 1930s . In 1924 , he was the defense counsel in the church trial of Reverend Harry Emerson Fosdick , who had been charged with heresy by opponents in his denomination ( the event which sparked the continuing Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in the international Christian Churches over the literal interpretation of Scripture versus the newly developed Historical-Critical method including recent scientific and archeological discoveries ) . The case was settled when Fosdick , a liberal Baptist , resigned his pulpit in the Presbyterian Church congregation , which he had never joined . Advisor to Thomas Dewey . Dulles was a prominent Republican and a close associate of Governor Thomas E . Dewey of New York State , who became the Republican presidential nominee in the elections of 1944 and 1948 . During the 1944 and the 1948 campaigns , Dulles served as Deweys chief foreign policy adviser . In 1944 , Dulles took an active role in establishing the Republican plank calling for the establishment of a Jewish commonwealth in Palestine . In 1945 , Dulles participated in the San Francisco Conference as an adviser to Arthur H . Vandenberg and helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter . He attended the United Nations General Assembly as a United States delegate in 1946 , 1947 , and 1950 . Dulles strongly opposed the American atomic attacks on Japan . In the immediate aftermath of the bombings , he drafted a public statement that called for international control of nuclear energy under United Nations auspices . He wrote : Dulles never lost his anxiety about the destructive power of nuclear weapons , but his views on international control and on employing the threat of atomic attack changed in the face of the Berlin blockade , the Soviet detonation of an atomic bomb , and the advent of the Korean War . They convinced him that the communist bloc was pursuing expansionist policies . In the late 1940s , as a general conceptual framework for contending with world communism , Dulles developed the policy known as rollback to serve as the Republican Partys alternative to the Democrats containment model . It proposed taking the offensive to push communism back , rather than to contain it within its areas of control and influence . U.S . Senator . Dewey appointed Dulles to the United States Senate to replace the Democratic incumbent Robert F . Wagner , who had resigned for ill health . Dulles served from July 7 to November 8 , 1949 . He lost the 1949 special election to finish the term to Democratic nominee Herbert H . Lehman . In 1950 , Dulles published War or Peace , a critical analysis of the American policy of containment , which was favored by the foreign policy elite in Washington , particularly in the Democratic administration of Harry S . Truman , whose foreign policy Dulles criticized and instead advocated a policy of liberation . U.S . Secretary of State . When Dwight Eisenhower became president in January 1953 , Dulles was appointed and confirmed as his Secretary of State . His tenure as Secretary was marked by conflict with communist governments worldwide , especially the Soviet Union ; Dulles strongly opposed communism , calling it Godless terrorism . Dulless preferred strategy was containment through military build-up and the formation of alliances ( dubbed pactomania ) . Dulles was a pioneer of the strategies of massive retaliation and brinkmanship . In an article written for Life magazine , Dulles defined his policy of brinkmanship : The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art . Dulless hard line alienated many leaders of nonaligned countries when on June 9 , 1955 , he argued in a speech that neutrality has increasingly become obsolete and , except under very exceptional circumstances , it is an immoral and shortsighted conception . Throughout the 1950s , Dulles was in frequent conflict with non-aligned statesmen who he deemed were too sympathetic to communism , including Indias V.K . Krishna Menon . Iran . One of his first major policy shifts towards a more aggressive position against communism occurred in March 1953 , when Dulles supported Eisenhowers decision to direct the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) , then headed by his brother Allen Dulles , to draft plans to overthrow Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran . That led directly to the coup détat via Operation Ajax in support of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , who became the Shah of Iran . Vietnam . In the 1950s , Dulles worked to reduce French influence in Vietnam and asked the United States to attempt to co-operate with the French in the aid of strengthening Diems army . Over time , Dulles concluded that he had to ease France out of Vietnam . In 1954 , at the height of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu , Dulles helped plan and promote Operation Vulture , a proposed B-29 aerial assault on the communist Viet Minh siege positions to relieve the beleagured French Army . President Eisenhower made American participation reliant on British support , but Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden was opposed it and so Vulture was canceled over Dulless objections . With Dien Bien Phus fall to the communists , Dulles fell out with Eden . At the 1954 Geneva Conference , which concerned the breakup of French Indochina , he forbade any contact with the Chinese delegation and refused to shake hands with Zhou Enlai , the lead Chinese negotiator . He subsequently left to avoid direct association with the negotiations . Asia and the Pacific . As Secretary of State , Dulles still carried out the containment policy of neutralizing the Taiwan Strait during the Korean War , which had been established by Truman in the Treaty of Peace with Japan of 1951 . Dulles also supervised the completion of the Japanese Peace Treaty in which full independence was restored to Japan under American terms . In 1950 , Dulles helped initiate the ANZUS Treaty for mutual protection with Australia and New Zealand . In 1954 , Dulles architected the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , providing for collective action against aggression . The treaty was signed by representatives of Australia , Britain , France , New Zealand , Pakistan , the Philippines , Thailand , and the United States . In 1958 , Dulles authorized the Secretary of the Air Force to state publicly that the United States was prepared to use nuclear weapons in a conflict with China over the islands of Quemoy and Matsu . Guatemala . The same year , Dulles participated in the instigation of a military coup by the Guatemalan army through the CIA by claiming that the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenzs government and the Guatemalan Revolution were veering toward communism . Dulles had previously represented the United Fruit Company as a lawyer . Thomas Dudley Cabot , former CEO of United Fruit , held positions of director of International Security Affairs in the State Department . John Moore Cabot , a brother of Thomas Dudley Cabot , was secretary of Inter-American Affairs during much of the coup planning in 1953 and 1954 . Egypt . In November 1956 , Dulles strongly opposed the Anglo-French invasion of the Suez Canal zone in response to Egypts nationalization of the canal . During the most crucial days , Dulles was hospitalized after surgery and did not participate in the U.S . administrations decision making . By 1958 he had become an outspoken opponent of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and prevented Nassers government from receiving arms from the United States . That policy allowed the Soviet Union to gain influence in Egypt . Personal life . Family . Both his grandfather , Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , the husband of Eleanor Foster , had held the position of Secretary of State . His younger brother , Allen Welsh Dulles , served as Director of Central Intelligence under Dwight D . Eisenhower , and his younger sister Eleanor Lansing Dulles was noted for her work in the successful reconstruction of the economy of post-war Europe during her twenty years with the State Department . On June 26 , 1912 , Dulles married Janet Pomeroy Avery ( 1891–1969 ) , granddaughter of Theodore M . Pomeroy , a former United States Congressman and Speaker of the House of Representatives . They had two sons and a daughter . Their older son John W . F . Dulles ( 1913–2008 ) was a professor of history and specialist in Brazil at the University of Texas at Austin . Their daughter Lillias Dulles Hinshaw ( 1914–1987 ) became a Presbyterian minister . Their son Avery Dulles ( 1918–2008 ) converted to Roman Catholicism , entered the Jesuit order , and became the first American theologian to be appointed a Cardinal . Non-governmental organizations . Dulles served as the chairman and cofounder of the Commission on a Just and Durable Peace of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America ( later the National Council of Churches ) , the Chairman of the Board for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , and a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1935 to 1952 . Dulles was also a founding member of Foreign Policy Association and Council on Foreign Relations . Death . Dulles developed colon cancer , for which he was first operated on in November 1956 when it had caused a bowel perforation . He experienced abdominal pain at the end of 1958 and was hospitalized with a diagnosis of diverticulitis . In January 1959 , Dulles returned to work , but with more pain and declining health underwent abdominal surgery in February at Walter Reed Army Medical Center when the cancers recurrence became evident . After recuperating in Florida , Dulles returned to Washington for work and radiation therapy . With further declining health and evidence of bone metastasis , he resigned from office on April 15 , 1959 . Dulles died at Walter Reed on May 24 , 1959 , at the age of 71 . Funeral services were held in Washington National Cathedral on May 27 , 1959 , and he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery , in Arlington , Virginia . Legacy . Dulles was posthumously awarded the Medal of Freedom and the Sylvanus Thayer Award in 1959 . A central West Berlin road was named John-Foster-Dulles-Allee in 1959 with a ceremony attended by Christian Herter , Dulless successor as Secretary of State . The Washington Dulles International Airport in Dulles , Virginia and John Foster Dulles High , Middle , and Elementary Schools in Sugar Land , Texas ( including the street ( Dulles Avenue ) where the school campuses are located ) , were named in his honor , as is John Foster Dulles Elementary School in Cincinnati , Ohio , and a school in Chicago , Illinois . New York named the Dulles State Office Building in Watertown , New York in his honor . In 1960 the U.S . Post Office Department issued a commemorative stamp honoring Dulles . At Princeton University , Dulless alma mater , a section of Firestone Library is dedicated to Dulles , named the John Foster Dulles Library of Diplomatic History , which houses , among many American diplomatic documents and books , the personal documents of John Foster Dulles . The library was built in 1962 . This quote is sometimes misattributed to Dulles : The United States of America does not have friends ; it has interests . The words were spoken by President Charles de Gaulle of France , and the misquotation may be attributed to Dulless visit to Mexico in 1958 , where anti-American protesters carried signs bearing de Gaulles quote . Popular culture . Dulles was named Time magazines Man of the Year for 1954 . Entertainer Carol Burnett rose to prominence in the 1950s singing a novelty song , I Made a Fool of Myself Over John Foster Dulles . When asked about the song on Meet the Press , Dulles responded with good humor : I never discuss matters of the heart in public .
|
[
"United States delegate"
] |
[
{
"text": " John Foster Dulles ( ; February 25 , 1888May 24 , 1959 ) was an American diplomat , lawyer , and Republican politician . He served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D . Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 and was briefly a U.S . Senator for New York in 1949 . He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era , advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "Born in Washington , D.C. , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell after graduating from George Washington University Law School . His grandfather , John W . Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , both served as United States Secretary of State , while his brother , Allen Dulles , served as the Director of Central Intelligence from 1953 to 1961 . John Foster Dulles served on the War Industries Board during World War I and he was a U.S . legal counsel at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference . He became",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "a member of the League of Free Nations Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations . Dulles also helped design the Dawes Plan , which sought to stabilize Europe by reducing German war reparations .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": " Dulles served as the chief foreign policy adviser to Thomas E . Dewey , the Republican presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948 . He also helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter and served as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly . In 1949 , Dewey appointed Dulles to fill the vacancy caused by the illness and resignation of Senator Robert F . Wagner . Dulles served for four months before his defeat in a special election against Herbert H . Lehman .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "After Dwight Eisenhower won the 1952 presidential election , he chose Dulles as Secretary of State . Throughout his tenure , Dulles favored a strategy of massive retaliation in response to Soviet aggression and concentrated on building and strengthening Cold War alliances , most prominently the North Atlantic Treaty Organization . He was the architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , an anti-Communist defensive alliance between the United States and several nations in and near Southeast Asia . He also helped instigate the 1953 Iranian coup détat and the 1954 Guatemalan coup détat . Dulles advocated support of the",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "French in their war against the Viet Minh in Indochina but rejected the Geneva Accords between France and the communists , instead supporting South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference in 1954 . Suffering from colon cancer , Dulles resigned from office in 1959 and died later that year .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "Born in Washington , D.C. , he was one of five children and the eldest son born to Presbyterian minister Allen Macy Dulles and his wife , Edith ( née Foster ) . His paternal grandfather , John Welsh Dulles , had been a Presbyterian missionary in India . His maternal grandfather , John W . Foster , had been Secretary of State under Benjamin Harrison , and doted on Dulles and his brother Allen , who would later become the director of the Central Intelligence Agency . The brothers attended public schools in Watertown , New York and spent",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "summers with their maternal grandfather in nearby Henderson Harbor .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Dulles attended Princeton University and graduated as a member of Phi Beta Kappa in 1908 . At Princeton , Dulles competed on the American Whig-Cliosophic Society debate team and was a member of University Cottage Club . He then attended the George Washington University Law School in Washington , D.C .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Upon graduating from law school and passing the bar examination , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , where he specialized in international law . After the start of World War I , Dulles tried to join the United States Army but was rejected because of poor eyesight . Instead , Dulles received an army commission as major on the War Industries Board . Dulles later returned to Sullivan & Cromwell and became a partner with an international practice .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "In 1917 , Dulless uncle , Robert Lansing , the then-Secretary of State , recruited him to travel to Nicaragua , Costa Rica and Panama . Dulles advised Washington to support Costa Ricas dictator , Federico Tinoco , on the grounds that he was anti-German , and also encouraged Nicaraguas dictator , Emiliano Chamorro , to issue a proclamation suspending diplomatic relations with Germany . In Panama , Dulles offered waiver of the tax imposed by the United States on the annual Canal fee , in exchange for a Panamanian declaration of war on Germany .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "In 1918 , President Woodrow Wilson appointed Dulles as legal counsel to the United States delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference where he served under his uncle , Secretary of State Robert Lansing . Dulles made an early impression as a junior diplomat . While some recollections indicate he clearly and forcefully argued against imposing crushing reparations on Germany , other recollections indicate he ensured Germanys reparation payments would extend for decades as perceived leverage militating against future German borne hostilities . Afterwards , he served as a member of the War Reparations Committee at Wilsons request . He was",
"title": "Versailles Peace Conference"
},
{
"text": "also an early member , along with future First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt , of the League of Free Nations Association , founded in 1918 and after 1923 known as the Foreign Policy Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations .",
"title": "Versailles Peace Conference"
},
{
"text": "As a partner in Sullivan & Cromwell , Dulles expanded upon his late grandfather Fosters expertise , specializing in international finance . He played a major role in designing the Dawes Plan , which reduced German reparations payments and temporarily resolved the reparations issue by having American firms lend money to German states and private companies . Under that compromise , the money was invested and the profits sent as reparations to Britain and France , which used the funds to repay their own war loans from the U.S . In the 1920s Dulles was involved in setting up a",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "billion dollars worth of these loans .",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 , Dulless previous practice brokering and documenting international loans ended . After 1931 Germany stopped making some of its scheduled payments . In 1934 Germany unilaterally stopped payments on private debts of the sort that Dulles was handling . In 1935 , with the Nazis in power , Sullivan & Cromwells junior partners forced Dulles to cut all business ties with Germany . Dulles was then prominent in the religious peace movement and an isolationist , but the junior partners were led by his brother Allen , so he reluctantly acceded to their",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "wishes .",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "Dulles , a deeply religious man , attended numerous international conferences of churchmen during the 1920s and 1930s . In 1924 , he was the defense counsel in the church trial of Reverend Harry Emerson Fosdick , who had been charged with heresy by opponents in his denomination ( the event which sparked the continuing Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in the international Christian Churches over the literal interpretation of Scripture versus the newly developed Historical-Critical method including recent scientific and archeological discoveries ) . The case was settled when Fosdick , a liberal Baptist , resigned his pulpit in the Presbyterian Church",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": "congregation , which he had never joined .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " Advisor to Thomas Dewey . Dulles was a prominent Republican and a close associate of Governor Thomas E . Dewey of New York State , who became the Republican presidential nominee in the elections of 1944 and 1948 . During the 1944 and the 1948 campaigns , Dulles served as Deweys chief foreign policy adviser . In 1944 , Dulles took an active role in establishing the Republican plank calling for the establishment of a Jewish commonwealth in Palestine .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": "In 1945 , Dulles participated in the San Francisco Conference as an adviser to Arthur H . Vandenberg and helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter . He attended the United Nations General Assembly as a United States delegate in 1946 , 1947 , and 1950 .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " Dulles strongly opposed the American atomic attacks on Japan . In the immediate aftermath of the bombings , he drafted a public statement that called for international control of nuclear energy under United Nations auspices . He wrote :",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": "Dulles never lost his anxiety about the destructive power of nuclear weapons , but his views on international control and on employing the threat of atomic attack changed in the face of the Berlin blockade , the Soviet detonation of an atomic bomb , and the advent of the Korean War . They convinced him that the communist bloc was pursuing expansionist policies .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " In the late 1940s , as a general conceptual framework for contending with world communism , Dulles developed the policy known as rollback to serve as the Republican Partys alternative to the Democrats containment model . It proposed taking the offensive to push communism back , rather than to contain it within its areas of control and influence .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " Dewey appointed Dulles to the United States Senate to replace the Democratic incumbent Robert F . Wagner , who had resigned for ill health . Dulles served from July 7 to November 8 , 1949 . He lost the 1949 special election to finish the term to Democratic nominee Herbert H . Lehman .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , Dulles published War or Peace , a critical analysis of the American policy of containment , which was favored by the foreign policy elite in Washington , particularly in the Democratic administration of Harry S . Truman , whose foreign policy Dulles criticized and instead advocated a policy of liberation .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": " U.S . Secretary of State . When Dwight Eisenhower became president in January 1953 , Dulles was appointed and confirmed as his Secretary of State . His tenure as Secretary was marked by conflict with communist governments worldwide , especially the Soviet Union ; Dulles strongly opposed communism , calling it Godless terrorism . Dulless preferred strategy was containment through military build-up and the formation of alliances ( dubbed pactomania ) .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": "Dulles was a pioneer of the strategies of massive retaliation and brinkmanship . In an article written for Life magazine , Dulles defined his policy of brinkmanship : The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": " Dulless hard line alienated many leaders of nonaligned countries when on June 9 , 1955 , he argued in a speech that neutrality has increasingly become obsolete and , except under very exceptional circumstances , it is an immoral and shortsighted conception . Throughout the 1950s , Dulles was in frequent conflict with non-aligned statesmen who he deemed were too sympathetic to communism , including Indias V.K . Krishna Menon .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": " One of his first major policy shifts towards a more aggressive position against communism occurred in March 1953 , when Dulles supported Eisenhowers decision to direct the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) , then headed by his brother Allen Dulles , to draft plans to overthrow Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran . That led directly to the coup détat via Operation Ajax in support of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , who became the Shah of Iran .",
"title": "Iran"
},
{
"text": " In the 1950s , Dulles worked to reduce French influence in Vietnam and asked the United States to attempt to co-operate with the French in the aid of strengthening Diems army . Over time , Dulles concluded that he had to ease France out of Vietnam .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "In 1954 , at the height of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu , Dulles helped plan and promote Operation Vulture , a proposed B-29 aerial assault on the communist Viet Minh siege positions to relieve the beleagured French Army . President Eisenhower made American participation reliant on British support , but Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden was opposed it and so Vulture was canceled over Dulless objections . With Dien Bien Phus fall to the communists , Dulles fell out with Eden . At the 1954 Geneva Conference , which concerned the breakup of French Indochina , he forbade",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "any contact with the Chinese delegation and refused to shake hands with Zhou Enlai , the lead Chinese negotiator . He subsequently left to avoid direct association with the negotiations .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": " Asia and the Pacific . As Secretary of State , Dulles still carried out the containment policy of neutralizing the Taiwan Strait during the Korean War , which had been established by Truman in the Treaty of Peace with Japan of 1951 . Dulles also supervised the completion of the Japanese Peace Treaty in which full independence was restored to Japan under American terms .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , Dulles helped initiate the ANZUS Treaty for mutual protection with Australia and New Zealand . In 1954 , Dulles architected the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , providing for collective action against aggression . The treaty was signed by representatives of Australia , Britain , France , New Zealand , Pakistan , the Philippines , Thailand , and the United States .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Dulles authorized the Secretary of the Air Force to state publicly that the United States was prepared to use nuclear weapons in a conflict with China over the islands of Quemoy and Matsu .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "The same year , Dulles participated in the instigation of a military coup by the Guatemalan army through the CIA by claiming that the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenzs government and the Guatemalan Revolution were veering toward communism . Dulles had previously represented the United Fruit Company as a lawyer . Thomas Dudley Cabot , former CEO of United Fruit , held positions of director of International Security Affairs in the State Department . John Moore Cabot , a brother of Thomas Dudley Cabot , was secretary of Inter-American Affairs during much of the coup planning in 1953 and",
"title": "Guatemala"
},
{
"text": "1954 .",
"title": "Guatemala"
},
{
"text": " In November 1956 , Dulles strongly opposed the Anglo-French invasion of the Suez Canal zone in response to Egypts nationalization of the canal . During the most crucial days , Dulles was hospitalized after surgery and did not participate in the U.S . administrations decision making . By 1958 he had become an outspoken opponent of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and prevented Nassers government from receiving arms from the United States . That policy allowed the Soviet Union to gain influence in Egypt .",
"title": "Egypt"
},
{
"text": " Both his grandfather , Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , the husband of Eleanor Foster , had held the position of Secretary of State . His younger brother , Allen Welsh Dulles , served as Director of Central Intelligence under Dwight D . Eisenhower , and his younger sister Eleanor Lansing Dulles was noted for her work in the successful reconstruction of the economy of post-war Europe during her twenty years with the State Department .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": "On June 26 , 1912 , Dulles married Janet Pomeroy Avery ( 1891–1969 ) , granddaughter of Theodore M . Pomeroy , a former United States Congressman and Speaker of the House of Representatives . They had two sons and a daughter . Their older son John W . F . Dulles ( 1913–2008 ) was a professor of history and specialist in Brazil at the University of Texas at Austin . Their daughter Lillias Dulles Hinshaw ( 1914–1987 ) became a Presbyterian minister . Their son Avery Dulles ( 1918–2008 ) converted to Roman Catholicism , entered the Jesuit",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": "order , and became the first American theologian to be appointed a Cardinal .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": " Dulles served as the chairman and cofounder of the Commission on a Just and Durable Peace of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America ( later the National Council of Churches ) , the Chairman of the Board for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , and a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1935 to 1952 . Dulles was also a founding member of Foreign Policy Association and Council on Foreign Relations .",
"title": "Non-governmental organizations"
},
{
"text": "Dulles developed colon cancer , for which he was first operated on in November 1956 when it had caused a bowel perforation . He experienced abdominal pain at the end of 1958 and was hospitalized with a diagnosis of diverticulitis . In January 1959 , Dulles returned to work , but with more pain and declining health underwent abdominal surgery in February at Walter Reed Army Medical Center when the cancers recurrence became evident . After recuperating in Florida , Dulles returned to Washington for work and radiation therapy . With further declining health and evidence of bone metastasis ,",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "he resigned from office on April 15 , 1959 .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Dulles died at Walter Reed on May 24 , 1959 , at the age of 71 . Funeral services were held in Washington National Cathedral on May 27 , 1959 , and he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery , in Arlington , Virginia .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Dulles was posthumously awarded the Medal of Freedom and the Sylvanus Thayer Award in 1959 . A central West Berlin road was named John-Foster-Dulles-Allee in 1959 with a ceremony attended by Christian Herter , Dulless successor as Secretary of State .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "The Washington Dulles International Airport in Dulles , Virginia and John Foster Dulles High , Middle , and Elementary Schools in Sugar Land , Texas ( including the street ( Dulles Avenue ) where the school campuses are located ) , were named in his honor , as is John Foster Dulles Elementary School in Cincinnati , Ohio , and a school in Chicago , Illinois . New York named the Dulles State Office Building in Watertown , New York in his honor . In 1960 the U.S . Post Office Department issued a commemorative stamp honoring Dulles . At",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "Princeton University , Dulless alma mater , a section of Firestone Library is dedicated to Dulles , named the John Foster Dulles Library of Diplomatic History , which houses , among many American diplomatic documents and books , the personal documents of John Foster Dulles . The library was built in 1962 .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " This quote is sometimes misattributed to Dulles : The United States of America does not have friends ; it has interests . The words were spoken by President Charles de Gaulle of France , and the misquotation may be attributed to Dulless visit to Mexico in 1958 , where anti-American protesters carried signs bearing de Gaulles quote .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " Dulles was named Time magazines Man of the Year for 1954 . Entertainer Carol Burnett rose to prominence in the 1950s singing a novelty song , I Made a Fool of Myself Over John Foster Dulles . When asked about the song on Meet the Press , Dulles responded with good humor : I never discuss matters of the heart in public .",
"title": "Popular culture"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles#P39#1
|
John Foster Dulles took which position between Aug 1949 and Oct 1949?
|
John Foster Dulles John Foster Dulles ( ; February 25 , 1888May 24 , 1959 ) was an American diplomat , lawyer , and Republican politician . He served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D . Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 and was briefly a U.S . Senator for New York in 1949 . He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era , advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world . Born in Washington , D.C. , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell after graduating from George Washington University Law School . His grandfather , John W . Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , both served as United States Secretary of State , while his brother , Allen Dulles , served as the Director of Central Intelligence from 1953 to 1961 . John Foster Dulles served on the War Industries Board during World War I and he was a U.S . legal counsel at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference . He became a member of the League of Free Nations Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations . Dulles also helped design the Dawes Plan , which sought to stabilize Europe by reducing German war reparations . Dulles served as the chief foreign policy adviser to Thomas E . Dewey , the Republican presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948 . He also helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter and served as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly . In 1949 , Dewey appointed Dulles to fill the vacancy caused by the illness and resignation of Senator Robert F . Wagner . Dulles served for four months before his defeat in a special election against Herbert H . Lehman . After Dwight Eisenhower won the 1952 presidential election , he chose Dulles as Secretary of State . Throughout his tenure , Dulles favored a strategy of massive retaliation in response to Soviet aggression and concentrated on building and strengthening Cold War alliances , most prominently the North Atlantic Treaty Organization . He was the architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , an anti-Communist defensive alliance between the United States and several nations in and near Southeast Asia . He also helped instigate the 1953 Iranian coup détat and the 1954 Guatemalan coup détat . Dulles advocated support of the French in their war against the Viet Minh in Indochina but rejected the Geneva Accords between France and the communists , instead supporting South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference in 1954 . Suffering from colon cancer , Dulles resigned from office in 1959 and died later that year . Early life . Born in Washington , D.C. , he was one of five children and the eldest son born to Presbyterian minister Allen Macy Dulles and his wife , Edith ( née Foster ) . His paternal grandfather , John Welsh Dulles , had been a Presbyterian missionary in India . His maternal grandfather , John W . Foster , had been Secretary of State under Benjamin Harrison , and doted on Dulles and his brother Allen , who would later become the director of the Central Intelligence Agency . The brothers attended public schools in Watertown , New York and spent summers with their maternal grandfather in nearby Henderson Harbor . Dulles attended Princeton University and graduated as a member of Phi Beta Kappa in 1908 . At Princeton , Dulles competed on the American Whig-Cliosophic Society debate team and was a member of University Cottage Club . He then attended the George Washington University Law School in Washington , D.C . Early career . Upon graduating from law school and passing the bar examination , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , where he specialized in international law . After the start of World War I , Dulles tried to join the United States Army but was rejected because of poor eyesight . Instead , Dulles received an army commission as major on the War Industries Board . Dulles later returned to Sullivan & Cromwell and became a partner with an international practice . In 1917 , Dulless uncle , Robert Lansing , the then-Secretary of State , recruited him to travel to Nicaragua , Costa Rica and Panama . Dulles advised Washington to support Costa Ricas dictator , Federico Tinoco , on the grounds that he was anti-German , and also encouraged Nicaraguas dictator , Emiliano Chamorro , to issue a proclamation suspending diplomatic relations with Germany . In Panama , Dulles offered waiver of the tax imposed by the United States on the annual Canal fee , in exchange for a Panamanian declaration of war on Germany . International diplomacy . Versailles Peace Conference . In 1918 , President Woodrow Wilson appointed Dulles as legal counsel to the United States delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference where he served under his uncle , Secretary of State Robert Lansing . Dulles made an early impression as a junior diplomat . While some recollections indicate he clearly and forcefully argued against imposing crushing reparations on Germany , other recollections indicate he ensured Germanys reparation payments would extend for decades as perceived leverage militating against future German borne hostilities . Afterwards , he served as a member of the War Reparations Committee at Wilsons request . He was also an early member , along with future First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt , of the League of Free Nations Association , founded in 1918 and after 1923 known as the Foreign Policy Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations . Dawes Plan . As a partner in Sullivan & Cromwell , Dulles expanded upon his late grandfather Fosters expertise , specializing in international finance . He played a major role in designing the Dawes Plan , which reduced German reparations payments and temporarily resolved the reparations issue by having American firms lend money to German states and private companies . Under that compromise , the money was invested and the profits sent as reparations to Britain and France , which used the funds to repay their own war loans from the U.S . In the 1920s Dulles was involved in setting up a billion dollars worth of these loans . After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 , Dulless previous practice brokering and documenting international loans ended . After 1931 Germany stopped making some of its scheduled payments . In 1934 Germany unilaterally stopped payments on private debts of the sort that Dulles was handling . In 1935 , with the Nazis in power , Sullivan & Cromwells junior partners forced Dulles to cut all business ties with Germany . Dulles was then prominent in the religious peace movement and an isolationist , but the junior partners were led by his brother Allen , so he reluctantly acceded to their wishes . Fosdick controversy . Dulles , a deeply religious man , attended numerous international conferences of churchmen during the 1920s and 1930s . In 1924 , he was the defense counsel in the church trial of Reverend Harry Emerson Fosdick , who had been charged with heresy by opponents in his denomination ( the event which sparked the continuing Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in the international Christian Churches over the literal interpretation of Scripture versus the newly developed Historical-Critical method including recent scientific and archeological discoveries ) . The case was settled when Fosdick , a liberal Baptist , resigned his pulpit in the Presbyterian Church congregation , which he had never joined . Advisor to Thomas Dewey . Dulles was a prominent Republican and a close associate of Governor Thomas E . Dewey of New York State , who became the Republican presidential nominee in the elections of 1944 and 1948 . During the 1944 and the 1948 campaigns , Dulles served as Deweys chief foreign policy adviser . In 1944 , Dulles took an active role in establishing the Republican plank calling for the establishment of a Jewish commonwealth in Palestine . In 1945 , Dulles participated in the San Francisco Conference as an adviser to Arthur H . Vandenberg and helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter . He attended the United Nations General Assembly as a United States delegate in 1946 , 1947 , and 1950 . Dulles strongly opposed the American atomic attacks on Japan . In the immediate aftermath of the bombings , he drafted a public statement that called for international control of nuclear energy under United Nations auspices . He wrote : Dulles never lost his anxiety about the destructive power of nuclear weapons , but his views on international control and on employing the threat of atomic attack changed in the face of the Berlin blockade , the Soviet detonation of an atomic bomb , and the advent of the Korean War . They convinced him that the communist bloc was pursuing expansionist policies . In the late 1940s , as a general conceptual framework for contending with world communism , Dulles developed the policy known as rollback to serve as the Republican Partys alternative to the Democrats containment model . It proposed taking the offensive to push communism back , rather than to contain it within its areas of control and influence . U.S . Senator . Dewey appointed Dulles to the United States Senate to replace the Democratic incumbent Robert F . Wagner , who had resigned for ill health . Dulles served from July 7 to November 8 , 1949 . He lost the 1949 special election to finish the term to Democratic nominee Herbert H . Lehman . In 1950 , Dulles published War or Peace , a critical analysis of the American policy of containment , which was favored by the foreign policy elite in Washington , particularly in the Democratic administration of Harry S . Truman , whose foreign policy Dulles criticized and instead advocated a policy of liberation . U.S . Secretary of State . When Dwight Eisenhower became president in January 1953 , Dulles was appointed and confirmed as his Secretary of State . His tenure as Secretary was marked by conflict with communist governments worldwide , especially the Soviet Union ; Dulles strongly opposed communism , calling it Godless terrorism . Dulless preferred strategy was containment through military build-up and the formation of alliances ( dubbed pactomania ) . Dulles was a pioneer of the strategies of massive retaliation and brinkmanship . In an article written for Life magazine , Dulles defined his policy of brinkmanship : The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art . Dulless hard line alienated many leaders of nonaligned countries when on June 9 , 1955 , he argued in a speech that neutrality has increasingly become obsolete and , except under very exceptional circumstances , it is an immoral and shortsighted conception . Throughout the 1950s , Dulles was in frequent conflict with non-aligned statesmen who he deemed were too sympathetic to communism , including Indias V.K . Krishna Menon . Iran . One of his first major policy shifts towards a more aggressive position against communism occurred in March 1953 , when Dulles supported Eisenhowers decision to direct the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) , then headed by his brother Allen Dulles , to draft plans to overthrow Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran . That led directly to the coup détat via Operation Ajax in support of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , who became the Shah of Iran . Vietnam . In the 1950s , Dulles worked to reduce French influence in Vietnam and asked the United States to attempt to co-operate with the French in the aid of strengthening Diems army . Over time , Dulles concluded that he had to ease France out of Vietnam . In 1954 , at the height of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu , Dulles helped plan and promote Operation Vulture , a proposed B-29 aerial assault on the communist Viet Minh siege positions to relieve the beleagured French Army . President Eisenhower made American participation reliant on British support , but Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden was opposed it and so Vulture was canceled over Dulless objections . With Dien Bien Phus fall to the communists , Dulles fell out with Eden . At the 1954 Geneva Conference , which concerned the breakup of French Indochina , he forbade any contact with the Chinese delegation and refused to shake hands with Zhou Enlai , the lead Chinese negotiator . He subsequently left to avoid direct association with the negotiations . Asia and the Pacific . As Secretary of State , Dulles still carried out the containment policy of neutralizing the Taiwan Strait during the Korean War , which had been established by Truman in the Treaty of Peace with Japan of 1951 . Dulles also supervised the completion of the Japanese Peace Treaty in which full independence was restored to Japan under American terms . In 1950 , Dulles helped initiate the ANZUS Treaty for mutual protection with Australia and New Zealand . In 1954 , Dulles architected the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , providing for collective action against aggression . The treaty was signed by representatives of Australia , Britain , France , New Zealand , Pakistan , the Philippines , Thailand , and the United States . In 1958 , Dulles authorized the Secretary of the Air Force to state publicly that the United States was prepared to use nuclear weapons in a conflict with China over the islands of Quemoy and Matsu . Guatemala . The same year , Dulles participated in the instigation of a military coup by the Guatemalan army through the CIA by claiming that the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenzs government and the Guatemalan Revolution were veering toward communism . Dulles had previously represented the United Fruit Company as a lawyer . Thomas Dudley Cabot , former CEO of United Fruit , held positions of director of International Security Affairs in the State Department . John Moore Cabot , a brother of Thomas Dudley Cabot , was secretary of Inter-American Affairs during much of the coup planning in 1953 and 1954 . Egypt . In November 1956 , Dulles strongly opposed the Anglo-French invasion of the Suez Canal zone in response to Egypts nationalization of the canal . During the most crucial days , Dulles was hospitalized after surgery and did not participate in the U.S . administrations decision making . By 1958 he had become an outspoken opponent of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and prevented Nassers government from receiving arms from the United States . That policy allowed the Soviet Union to gain influence in Egypt . Personal life . Family . Both his grandfather , Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , the husband of Eleanor Foster , had held the position of Secretary of State . His younger brother , Allen Welsh Dulles , served as Director of Central Intelligence under Dwight D . Eisenhower , and his younger sister Eleanor Lansing Dulles was noted for her work in the successful reconstruction of the economy of post-war Europe during her twenty years with the State Department . On June 26 , 1912 , Dulles married Janet Pomeroy Avery ( 1891–1969 ) , granddaughter of Theodore M . Pomeroy , a former United States Congressman and Speaker of the House of Representatives . They had two sons and a daughter . Their older son John W . F . Dulles ( 1913–2008 ) was a professor of history and specialist in Brazil at the University of Texas at Austin . Their daughter Lillias Dulles Hinshaw ( 1914–1987 ) became a Presbyterian minister . Their son Avery Dulles ( 1918–2008 ) converted to Roman Catholicism , entered the Jesuit order , and became the first American theologian to be appointed a Cardinal . Non-governmental organizations . Dulles served as the chairman and cofounder of the Commission on a Just and Durable Peace of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America ( later the National Council of Churches ) , the Chairman of the Board for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , and a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1935 to 1952 . Dulles was also a founding member of Foreign Policy Association and Council on Foreign Relations . Death . Dulles developed colon cancer , for which he was first operated on in November 1956 when it had caused a bowel perforation . He experienced abdominal pain at the end of 1958 and was hospitalized with a diagnosis of diverticulitis . In January 1959 , Dulles returned to work , but with more pain and declining health underwent abdominal surgery in February at Walter Reed Army Medical Center when the cancers recurrence became evident . After recuperating in Florida , Dulles returned to Washington for work and radiation therapy . With further declining health and evidence of bone metastasis , he resigned from office on April 15 , 1959 . Dulles died at Walter Reed on May 24 , 1959 , at the age of 71 . Funeral services were held in Washington National Cathedral on May 27 , 1959 , and he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery , in Arlington , Virginia . Legacy . Dulles was posthumously awarded the Medal of Freedom and the Sylvanus Thayer Award in 1959 . A central West Berlin road was named John-Foster-Dulles-Allee in 1959 with a ceremony attended by Christian Herter , Dulless successor as Secretary of State . The Washington Dulles International Airport in Dulles , Virginia and John Foster Dulles High , Middle , and Elementary Schools in Sugar Land , Texas ( including the street ( Dulles Avenue ) where the school campuses are located ) , were named in his honor , as is John Foster Dulles Elementary School in Cincinnati , Ohio , and a school in Chicago , Illinois . New York named the Dulles State Office Building in Watertown , New York in his honor . In 1960 the U.S . Post Office Department issued a commemorative stamp honoring Dulles . At Princeton University , Dulless alma mater , a section of Firestone Library is dedicated to Dulles , named the John Foster Dulles Library of Diplomatic History , which houses , among many American diplomatic documents and books , the personal documents of John Foster Dulles . The library was built in 1962 . This quote is sometimes misattributed to Dulles : The United States of America does not have friends ; it has interests . The words were spoken by President Charles de Gaulle of France , and the misquotation may be attributed to Dulless visit to Mexico in 1958 , where anti-American protesters carried signs bearing de Gaulles quote . Popular culture . Dulles was named Time magazines Man of the Year for 1954 . Entertainer Carol Burnett rose to prominence in the 1950s singing a novelty song , I Made a Fool of Myself Over John Foster Dulles . When asked about the song on Meet the Press , Dulles responded with good humor : I never discuss matters of the heart in public .
|
[
"U.S . Senator"
] |
[
{
"text": " John Foster Dulles ( ; February 25 , 1888May 24 , 1959 ) was an American diplomat , lawyer , and Republican politician . He served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D . Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 and was briefly a U.S . Senator for New York in 1949 . He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era , advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "Born in Washington , D.C. , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell after graduating from George Washington University Law School . His grandfather , John W . Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , both served as United States Secretary of State , while his brother , Allen Dulles , served as the Director of Central Intelligence from 1953 to 1961 . John Foster Dulles served on the War Industries Board during World War I and he was a U.S . legal counsel at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference . He became",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "a member of the League of Free Nations Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations . Dulles also helped design the Dawes Plan , which sought to stabilize Europe by reducing German war reparations .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": " Dulles served as the chief foreign policy adviser to Thomas E . Dewey , the Republican presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948 . He also helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter and served as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly . In 1949 , Dewey appointed Dulles to fill the vacancy caused by the illness and resignation of Senator Robert F . Wagner . Dulles served for four months before his defeat in a special election against Herbert H . Lehman .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "After Dwight Eisenhower won the 1952 presidential election , he chose Dulles as Secretary of State . Throughout his tenure , Dulles favored a strategy of massive retaliation in response to Soviet aggression and concentrated on building and strengthening Cold War alliances , most prominently the North Atlantic Treaty Organization . He was the architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , an anti-Communist defensive alliance between the United States and several nations in and near Southeast Asia . He also helped instigate the 1953 Iranian coup détat and the 1954 Guatemalan coup détat . Dulles advocated support of the",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "French in their war against the Viet Minh in Indochina but rejected the Geneva Accords between France and the communists , instead supporting South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference in 1954 . Suffering from colon cancer , Dulles resigned from office in 1959 and died later that year .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "Born in Washington , D.C. , he was one of five children and the eldest son born to Presbyterian minister Allen Macy Dulles and his wife , Edith ( née Foster ) . His paternal grandfather , John Welsh Dulles , had been a Presbyterian missionary in India . His maternal grandfather , John W . Foster , had been Secretary of State under Benjamin Harrison , and doted on Dulles and his brother Allen , who would later become the director of the Central Intelligence Agency . The brothers attended public schools in Watertown , New York and spent",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "summers with their maternal grandfather in nearby Henderson Harbor .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Dulles attended Princeton University and graduated as a member of Phi Beta Kappa in 1908 . At Princeton , Dulles competed on the American Whig-Cliosophic Society debate team and was a member of University Cottage Club . He then attended the George Washington University Law School in Washington , D.C .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Upon graduating from law school and passing the bar examination , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , where he specialized in international law . After the start of World War I , Dulles tried to join the United States Army but was rejected because of poor eyesight . Instead , Dulles received an army commission as major on the War Industries Board . Dulles later returned to Sullivan & Cromwell and became a partner with an international practice .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "In 1917 , Dulless uncle , Robert Lansing , the then-Secretary of State , recruited him to travel to Nicaragua , Costa Rica and Panama . Dulles advised Washington to support Costa Ricas dictator , Federico Tinoco , on the grounds that he was anti-German , and also encouraged Nicaraguas dictator , Emiliano Chamorro , to issue a proclamation suspending diplomatic relations with Germany . In Panama , Dulles offered waiver of the tax imposed by the United States on the annual Canal fee , in exchange for a Panamanian declaration of war on Germany .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "In 1918 , President Woodrow Wilson appointed Dulles as legal counsel to the United States delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference where he served under his uncle , Secretary of State Robert Lansing . Dulles made an early impression as a junior diplomat . While some recollections indicate he clearly and forcefully argued against imposing crushing reparations on Germany , other recollections indicate he ensured Germanys reparation payments would extend for decades as perceived leverage militating against future German borne hostilities . Afterwards , he served as a member of the War Reparations Committee at Wilsons request . He was",
"title": "Versailles Peace Conference"
},
{
"text": "also an early member , along with future First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt , of the League of Free Nations Association , founded in 1918 and after 1923 known as the Foreign Policy Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations .",
"title": "Versailles Peace Conference"
},
{
"text": "As a partner in Sullivan & Cromwell , Dulles expanded upon his late grandfather Fosters expertise , specializing in international finance . He played a major role in designing the Dawes Plan , which reduced German reparations payments and temporarily resolved the reparations issue by having American firms lend money to German states and private companies . Under that compromise , the money was invested and the profits sent as reparations to Britain and France , which used the funds to repay their own war loans from the U.S . In the 1920s Dulles was involved in setting up a",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "billion dollars worth of these loans .",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 , Dulless previous practice brokering and documenting international loans ended . After 1931 Germany stopped making some of its scheduled payments . In 1934 Germany unilaterally stopped payments on private debts of the sort that Dulles was handling . In 1935 , with the Nazis in power , Sullivan & Cromwells junior partners forced Dulles to cut all business ties with Germany . Dulles was then prominent in the religious peace movement and an isolationist , but the junior partners were led by his brother Allen , so he reluctantly acceded to their",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "wishes .",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "Dulles , a deeply religious man , attended numerous international conferences of churchmen during the 1920s and 1930s . In 1924 , he was the defense counsel in the church trial of Reverend Harry Emerson Fosdick , who had been charged with heresy by opponents in his denomination ( the event which sparked the continuing Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in the international Christian Churches over the literal interpretation of Scripture versus the newly developed Historical-Critical method including recent scientific and archeological discoveries ) . The case was settled when Fosdick , a liberal Baptist , resigned his pulpit in the Presbyterian Church",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": "congregation , which he had never joined .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " Advisor to Thomas Dewey . Dulles was a prominent Republican and a close associate of Governor Thomas E . Dewey of New York State , who became the Republican presidential nominee in the elections of 1944 and 1948 . During the 1944 and the 1948 campaigns , Dulles served as Deweys chief foreign policy adviser . In 1944 , Dulles took an active role in establishing the Republican plank calling for the establishment of a Jewish commonwealth in Palestine .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": "In 1945 , Dulles participated in the San Francisco Conference as an adviser to Arthur H . Vandenberg and helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter . He attended the United Nations General Assembly as a United States delegate in 1946 , 1947 , and 1950 .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " Dulles strongly opposed the American atomic attacks on Japan . In the immediate aftermath of the bombings , he drafted a public statement that called for international control of nuclear energy under United Nations auspices . He wrote :",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": "Dulles never lost his anxiety about the destructive power of nuclear weapons , but his views on international control and on employing the threat of atomic attack changed in the face of the Berlin blockade , the Soviet detonation of an atomic bomb , and the advent of the Korean War . They convinced him that the communist bloc was pursuing expansionist policies .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " In the late 1940s , as a general conceptual framework for contending with world communism , Dulles developed the policy known as rollback to serve as the Republican Partys alternative to the Democrats containment model . It proposed taking the offensive to push communism back , rather than to contain it within its areas of control and influence .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " Dewey appointed Dulles to the United States Senate to replace the Democratic incumbent Robert F . Wagner , who had resigned for ill health . Dulles served from July 7 to November 8 , 1949 . He lost the 1949 special election to finish the term to Democratic nominee Herbert H . Lehman .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , Dulles published War or Peace , a critical analysis of the American policy of containment , which was favored by the foreign policy elite in Washington , particularly in the Democratic administration of Harry S . Truman , whose foreign policy Dulles criticized and instead advocated a policy of liberation .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": " U.S . Secretary of State . When Dwight Eisenhower became president in January 1953 , Dulles was appointed and confirmed as his Secretary of State . His tenure as Secretary was marked by conflict with communist governments worldwide , especially the Soviet Union ; Dulles strongly opposed communism , calling it Godless terrorism . Dulless preferred strategy was containment through military build-up and the formation of alliances ( dubbed pactomania ) .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": "Dulles was a pioneer of the strategies of massive retaliation and brinkmanship . In an article written for Life magazine , Dulles defined his policy of brinkmanship : The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": " Dulless hard line alienated many leaders of nonaligned countries when on June 9 , 1955 , he argued in a speech that neutrality has increasingly become obsolete and , except under very exceptional circumstances , it is an immoral and shortsighted conception . Throughout the 1950s , Dulles was in frequent conflict with non-aligned statesmen who he deemed were too sympathetic to communism , including Indias V.K . Krishna Menon .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": " One of his first major policy shifts towards a more aggressive position against communism occurred in March 1953 , when Dulles supported Eisenhowers decision to direct the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) , then headed by his brother Allen Dulles , to draft plans to overthrow Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran . That led directly to the coup détat via Operation Ajax in support of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , who became the Shah of Iran .",
"title": "Iran"
},
{
"text": " In the 1950s , Dulles worked to reduce French influence in Vietnam and asked the United States to attempt to co-operate with the French in the aid of strengthening Diems army . Over time , Dulles concluded that he had to ease France out of Vietnam .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "In 1954 , at the height of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu , Dulles helped plan and promote Operation Vulture , a proposed B-29 aerial assault on the communist Viet Minh siege positions to relieve the beleagured French Army . President Eisenhower made American participation reliant on British support , but Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden was opposed it and so Vulture was canceled over Dulless objections . With Dien Bien Phus fall to the communists , Dulles fell out with Eden . At the 1954 Geneva Conference , which concerned the breakup of French Indochina , he forbade",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "any contact with the Chinese delegation and refused to shake hands with Zhou Enlai , the lead Chinese negotiator . He subsequently left to avoid direct association with the negotiations .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": " Asia and the Pacific . As Secretary of State , Dulles still carried out the containment policy of neutralizing the Taiwan Strait during the Korean War , which had been established by Truman in the Treaty of Peace with Japan of 1951 . Dulles also supervised the completion of the Japanese Peace Treaty in which full independence was restored to Japan under American terms .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , Dulles helped initiate the ANZUS Treaty for mutual protection with Australia and New Zealand . In 1954 , Dulles architected the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , providing for collective action against aggression . The treaty was signed by representatives of Australia , Britain , France , New Zealand , Pakistan , the Philippines , Thailand , and the United States .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Dulles authorized the Secretary of the Air Force to state publicly that the United States was prepared to use nuclear weapons in a conflict with China over the islands of Quemoy and Matsu .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "The same year , Dulles participated in the instigation of a military coup by the Guatemalan army through the CIA by claiming that the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenzs government and the Guatemalan Revolution were veering toward communism . Dulles had previously represented the United Fruit Company as a lawyer . Thomas Dudley Cabot , former CEO of United Fruit , held positions of director of International Security Affairs in the State Department . John Moore Cabot , a brother of Thomas Dudley Cabot , was secretary of Inter-American Affairs during much of the coup planning in 1953 and",
"title": "Guatemala"
},
{
"text": "1954 .",
"title": "Guatemala"
},
{
"text": " In November 1956 , Dulles strongly opposed the Anglo-French invasion of the Suez Canal zone in response to Egypts nationalization of the canal . During the most crucial days , Dulles was hospitalized after surgery and did not participate in the U.S . administrations decision making . By 1958 he had become an outspoken opponent of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and prevented Nassers government from receiving arms from the United States . That policy allowed the Soviet Union to gain influence in Egypt .",
"title": "Egypt"
},
{
"text": " Both his grandfather , Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , the husband of Eleanor Foster , had held the position of Secretary of State . His younger brother , Allen Welsh Dulles , served as Director of Central Intelligence under Dwight D . Eisenhower , and his younger sister Eleanor Lansing Dulles was noted for her work in the successful reconstruction of the economy of post-war Europe during her twenty years with the State Department .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": "On June 26 , 1912 , Dulles married Janet Pomeroy Avery ( 1891–1969 ) , granddaughter of Theodore M . Pomeroy , a former United States Congressman and Speaker of the House of Representatives . They had two sons and a daughter . Their older son John W . F . Dulles ( 1913–2008 ) was a professor of history and specialist in Brazil at the University of Texas at Austin . Their daughter Lillias Dulles Hinshaw ( 1914–1987 ) became a Presbyterian minister . Their son Avery Dulles ( 1918–2008 ) converted to Roman Catholicism , entered the Jesuit",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": "order , and became the first American theologian to be appointed a Cardinal .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": " Dulles served as the chairman and cofounder of the Commission on a Just and Durable Peace of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America ( later the National Council of Churches ) , the Chairman of the Board for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , and a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1935 to 1952 . Dulles was also a founding member of Foreign Policy Association and Council on Foreign Relations .",
"title": "Non-governmental organizations"
},
{
"text": "Dulles developed colon cancer , for which he was first operated on in November 1956 when it had caused a bowel perforation . He experienced abdominal pain at the end of 1958 and was hospitalized with a diagnosis of diverticulitis . In January 1959 , Dulles returned to work , but with more pain and declining health underwent abdominal surgery in February at Walter Reed Army Medical Center when the cancers recurrence became evident . After recuperating in Florida , Dulles returned to Washington for work and radiation therapy . With further declining health and evidence of bone metastasis ,",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "he resigned from office on April 15 , 1959 .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Dulles died at Walter Reed on May 24 , 1959 , at the age of 71 . Funeral services were held in Washington National Cathedral on May 27 , 1959 , and he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery , in Arlington , Virginia .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Dulles was posthumously awarded the Medal of Freedom and the Sylvanus Thayer Award in 1959 . A central West Berlin road was named John-Foster-Dulles-Allee in 1959 with a ceremony attended by Christian Herter , Dulless successor as Secretary of State .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "The Washington Dulles International Airport in Dulles , Virginia and John Foster Dulles High , Middle , and Elementary Schools in Sugar Land , Texas ( including the street ( Dulles Avenue ) where the school campuses are located ) , were named in his honor , as is John Foster Dulles Elementary School in Cincinnati , Ohio , and a school in Chicago , Illinois . New York named the Dulles State Office Building in Watertown , New York in his honor . In 1960 the U.S . Post Office Department issued a commemorative stamp honoring Dulles . At",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "Princeton University , Dulless alma mater , a section of Firestone Library is dedicated to Dulles , named the John Foster Dulles Library of Diplomatic History , which houses , among many American diplomatic documents and books , the personal documents of John Foster Dulles . The library was built in 1962 .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " This quote is sometimes misattributed to Dulles : The United States of America does not have friends ; it has interests . The words were spoken by President Charles de Gaulle of France , and the misquotation may be attributed to Dulless visit to Mexico in 1958 , where anti-American protesters carried signs bearing de Gaulles quote .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " Dulles was named Time magazines Man of the Year for 1954 . Entertainer Carol Burnett rose to prominence in the 1950s singing a novelty song , I Made a Fool of Myself Over John Foster Dulles . When asked about the song on Meet the Press , Dulles responded with good humor : I never discuss matters of the heart in public .",
"title": "Popular culture"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles#P39#2
|
John Foster Dulles took which position between Mar 1951 and Jul 1951?
|
John Foster Dulles John Foster Dulles ( ; February 25 , 1888May 24 , 1959 ) was an American diplomat , lawyer , and Republican politician . He served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D . Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 and was briefly a U.S . Senator for New York in 1949 . He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era , advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world . Born in Washington , D.C. , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell after graduating from George Washington University Law School . His grandfather , John W . Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , both served as United States Secretary of State , while his brother , Allen Dulles , served as the Director of Central Intelligence from 1953 to 1961 . John Foster Dulles served on the War Industries Board during World War I and he was a U.S . legal counsel at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference . He became a member of the League of Free Nations Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations . Dulles also helped design the Dawes Plan , which sought to stabilize Europe by reducing German war reparations . Dulles served as the chief foreign policy adviser to Thomas E . Dewey , the Republican presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948 . He also helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter and served as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly . In 1949 , Dewey appointed Dulles to fill the vacancy caused by the illness and resignation of Senator Robert F . Wagner . Dulles served for four months before his defeat in a special election against Herbert H . Lehman . After Dwight Eisenhower won the 1952 presidential election , he chose Dulles as Secretary of State . Throughout his tenure , Dulles favored a strategy of massive retaliation in response to Soviet aggression and concentrated on building and strengthening Cold War alliances , most prominently the North Atlantic Treaty Organization . He was the architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , an anti-Communist defensive alliance between the United States and several nations in and near Southeast Asia . He also helped instigate the 1953 Iranian coup détat and the 1954 Guatemalan coup détat . Dulles advocated support of the French in their war against the Viet Minh in Indochina but rejected the Geneva Accords between France and the communists , instead supporting South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference in 1954 . Suffering from colon cancer , Dulles resigned from office in 1959 and died later that year . Early life . Born in Washington , D.C. , he was one of five children and the eldest son born to Presbyterian minister Allen Macy Dulles and his wife , Edith ( née Foster ) . His paternal grandfather , John Welsh Dulles , had been a Presbyterian missionary in India . His maternal grandfather , John W . Foster , had been Secretary of State under Benjamin Harrison , and doted on Dulles and his brother Allen , who would later become the director of the Central Intelligence Agency . The brothers attended public schools in Watertown , New York and spent summers with their maternal grandfather in nearby Henderson Harbor . Dulles attended Princeton University and graduated as a member of Phi Beta Kappa in 1908 . At Princeton , Dulles competed on the American Whig-Cliosophic Society debate team and was a member of University Cottage Club . He then attended the George Washington University Law School in Washington , D.C . Early career . Upon graduating from law school and passing the bar examination , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , where he specialized in international law . After the start of World War I , Dulles tried to join the United States Army but was rejected because of poor eyesight . Instead , Dulles received an army commission as major on the War Industries Board . Dulles later returned to Sullivan & Cromwell and became a partner with an international practice . In 1917 , Dulless uncle , Robert Lansing , the then-Secretary of State , recruited him to travel to Nicaragua , Costa Rica and Panama . Dulles advised Washington to support Costa Ricas dictator , Federico Tinoco , on the grounds that he was anti-German , and also encouraged Nicaraguas dictator , Emiliano Chamorro , to issue a proclamation suspending diplomatic relations with Germany . In Panama , Dulles offered waiver of the tax imposed by the United States on the annual Canal fee , in exchange for a Panamanian declaration of war on Germany . International diplomacy . Versailles Peace Conference . In 1918 , President Woodrow Wilson appointed Dulles as legal counsel to the United States delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference where he served under his uncle , Secretary of State Robert Lansing . Dulles made an early impression as a junior diplomat . While some recollections indicate he clearly and forcefully argued against imposing crushing reparations on Germany , other recollections indicate he ensured Germanys reparation payments would extend for decades as perceived leverage militating against future German borne hostilities . Afterwards , he served as a member of the War Reparations Committee at Wilsons request . He was also an early member , along with future First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt , of the League of Free Nations Association , founded in 1918 and after 1923 known as the Foreign Policy Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations . Dawes Plan . As a partner in Sullivan & Cromwell , Dulles expanded upon his late grandfather Fosters expertise , specializing in international finance . He played a major role in designing the Dawes Plan , which reduced German reparations payments and temporarily resolved the reparations issue by having American firms lend money to German states and private companies . Under that compromise , the money was invested and the profits sent as reparations to Britain and France , which used the funds to repay their own war loans from the U.S . In the 1920s Dulles was involved in setting up a billion dollars worth of these loans . After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 , Dulless previous practice brokering and documenting international loans ended . After 1931 Germany stopped making some of its scheduled payments . In 1934 Germany unilaterally stopped payments on private debts of the sort that Dulles was handling . In 1935 , with the Nazis in power , Sullivan & Cromwells junior partners forced Dulles to cut all business ties with Germany . Dulles was then prominent in the religious peace movement and an isolationist , but the junior partners were led by his brother Allen , so he reluctantly acceded to their wishes . Fosdick controversy . Dulles , a deeply religious man , attended numerous international conferences of churchmen during the 1920s and 1930s . In 1924 , he was the defense counsel in the church trial of Reverend Harry Emerson Fosdick , who had been charged with heresy by opponents in his denomination ( the event which sparked the continuing Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in the international Christian Churches over the literal interpretation of Scripture versus the newly developed Historical-Critical method including recent scientific and archeological discoveries ) . The case was settled when Fosdick , a liberal Baptist , resigned his pulpit in the Presbyterian Church congregation , which he had never joined . Advisor to Thomas Dewey . Dulles was a prominent Republican and a close associate of Governor Thomas E . Dewey of New York State , who became the Republican presidential nominee in the elections of 1944 and 1948 . During the 1944 and the 1948 campaigns , Dulles served as Deweys chief foreign policy adviser . In 1944 , Dulles took an active role in establishing the Republican plank calling for the establishment of a Jewish commonwealth in Palestine . In 1945 , Dulles participated in the San Francisco Conference as an adviser to Arthur H . Vandenberg and helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter . He attended the United Nations General Assembly as a United States delegate in 1946 , 1947 , and 1950 . Dulles strongly opposed the American atomic attacks on Japan . In the immediate aftermath of the bombings , he drafted a public statement that called for international control of nuclear energy under United Nations auspices . He wrote : Dulles never lost his anxiety about the destructive power of nuclear weapons , but his views on international control and on employing the threat of atomic attack changed in the face of the Berlin blockade , the Soviet detonation of an atomic bomb , and the advent of the Korean War . They convinced him that the communist bloc was pursuing expansionist policies . In the late 1940s , as a general conceptual framework for contending with world communism , Dulles developed the policy known as rollback to serve as the Republican Partys alternative to the Democrats containment model . It proposed taking the offensive to push communism back , rather than to contain it within its areas of control and influence . U.S . Senator . Dewey appointed Dulles to the United States Senate to replace the Democratic incumbent Robert F . Wagner , who had resigned for ill health . Dulles served from July 7 to November 8 , 1949 . He lost the 1949 special election to finish the term to Democratic nominee Herbert H . Lehman . In 1950 , Dulles published War or Peace , a critical analysis of the American policy of containment , which was favored by the foreign policy elite in Washington , particularly in the Democratic administration of Harry S . Truman , whose foreign policy Dulles criticized and instead advocated a policy of liberation . U.S . Secretary of State . When Dwight Eisenhower became president in January 1953 , Dulles was appointed and confirmed as his Secretary of State . His tenure as Secretary was marked by conflict with communist governments worldwide , especially the Soviet Union ; Dulles strongly opposed communism , calling it Godless terrorism . Dulless preferred strategy was containment through military build-up and the formation of alliances ( dubbed pactomania ) . Dulles was a pioneer of the strategies of massive retaliation and brinkmanship . In an article written for Life magazine , Dulles defined his policy of brinkmanship : The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art . Dulless hard line alienated many leaders of nonaligned countries when on June 9 , 1955 , he argued in a speech that neutrality has increasingly become obsolete and , except under very exceptional circumstances , it is an immoral and shortsighted conception . Throughout the 1950s , Dulles was in frequent conflict with non-aligned statesmen who he deemed were too sympathetic to communism , including Indias V.K . Krishna Menon . Iran . One of his first major policy shifts towards a more aggressive position against communism occurred in March 1953 , when Dulles supported Eisenhowers decision to direct the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) , then headed by his brother Allen Dulles , to draft plans to overthrow Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran . That led directly to the coup détat via Operation Ajax in support of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , who became the Shah of Iran . Vietnam . In the 1950s , Dulles worked to reduce French influence in Vietnam and asked the United States to attempt to co-operate with the French in the aid of strengthening Diems army . Over time , Dulles concluded that he had to ease France out of Vietnam . In 1954 , at the height of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu , Dulles helped plan and promote Operation Vulture , a proposed B-29 aerial assault on the communist Viet Minh siege positions to relieve the beleagured French Army . President Eisenhower made American participation reliant on British support , but Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden was opposed it and so Vulture was canceled over Dulless objections . With Dien Bien Phus fall to the communists , Dulles fell out with Eden . At the 1954 Geneva Conference , which concerned the breakup of French Indochina , he forbade any contact with the Chinese delegation and refused to shake hands with Zhou Enlai , the lead Chinese negotiator . He subsequently left to avoid direct association with the negotiations . Asia and the Pacific . As Secretary of State , Dulles still carried out the containment policy of neutralizing the Taiwan Strait during the Korean War , which had been established by Truman in the Treaty of Peace with Japan of 1951 . Dulles also supervised the completion of the Japanese Peace Treaty in which full independence was restored to Japan under American terms . In 1950 , Dulles helped initiate the ANZUS Treaty for mutual protection with Australia and New Zealand . In 1954 , Dulles architected the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , providing for collective action against aggression . The treaty was signed by representatives of Australia , Britain , France , New Zealand , Pakistan , the Philippines , Thailand , and the United States . In 1958 , Dulles authorized the Secretary of the Air Force to state publicly that the United States was prepared to use nuclear weapons in a conflict with China over the islands of Quemoy and Matsu . Guatemala . The same year , Dulles participated in the instigation of a military coup by the Guatemalan army through the CIA by claiming that the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenzs government and the Guatemalan Revolution were veering toward communism . Dulles had previously represented the United Fruit Company as a lawyer . Thomas Dudley Cabot , former CEO of United Fruit , held positions of director of International Security Affairs in the State Department . John Moore Cabot , a brother of Thomas Dudley Cabot , was secretary of Inter-American Affairs during much of the coup planning in 1953 and 1954 . Egypt . In November 1956 , Dulles strongly opposed the Anglo-French invasion of the Suez Canal zone in response to Egypts nationalization of the canal . During the most crucial days , Dulles was hospitalized after surgery and did not participate in the U.S . administrations decision making . By 1958 he had become an outspoken opponent of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and prevented Nassers government from receiving arms from the United States . That policy allowed the Soviet Union to gain influence in Egypt . Personal life . Family . Both his grandfather , Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , the husband of Eleanor Foster , had held the position of Secretary of State . His younger brother , Allen Welsh Dulles , served as Director of Central Intelligence under Dwight D . Eisenhower , and his younger sister Eleanor Lansing Dulles was noted for her work in the successful reconstruction of the economy of post-war Europe during her twenty years with the State Department . On June 26 , 1912 , Dulles married Janet Pomeroy Avery ( 1891–1969 ) , granddaughter of Theodore M . Pomeroy , a former United States Congressman and Speaker of the House of Representatives . They had two sons and a daughter . Their older son John W . F . Dulles ( 1913–2008 ) was a professor of history and specialist in Brazil at the University of Texas at Austin . Their daughter Lillias Dulles Hinshaw ( 1914–1987 ) became a Presbyterian minister . Their son Avery Dulles ( 1918–2008 ) converted to Roman Catholicism , entered the Jesuit order , and became the first American theologian to be appointed a Cardinal . Non-governmental organizations . Dulles served as the chairman and cofounder of the Commission on a Just and Durable Peace of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America ( later the National Council of Churches ) , the Chairman of the Board for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , and a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1935 to 1952 . Dulles was also a founding member of Foreign Policy Association and Council on Foreign Relations . Death . Dulles developed colon cancer , for which he was first operated on in November 1956 when it had caused a bowel perforation . He experienced abdominal pain at the end of 1958 and was hospitalized with a diagnosis of diverticulitis . In January 1959 , Dulles returned to work , but with more pain and declining health underwent abdominal surgery in February at Walter Reed Army Medical Center when the cancers recurrence became evident . After recuperating in Florida , Dulles returned to Washington for work and radiation therapy . With further declining health and evidence of bone metastasis , he resigned from office on April 15 , 1959 . Dulles died at Walter Reed on May 24 , 1959 , at the age of 71 . Funeral services were held in Washington National Cathedral on May 27 , 1959 , and he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery , in Arlington , Virginia . Legacy . Dulles was posthumously awarded the Medal of Freedom and the Sylvanus Thayer Award in 1959 . A central West Berlin road was named John-Foster-Dulles-Allee in 1959 with a ceremony attended by Christian Herter , Dulless successor as Secretary of State . The Washington Dulles International Airport in Dulles , Virginia and John Foster Dulles High , Middle , and Elementary Schools in Sugar Land , Texas ( including the street ( Dulles Avenue ) where the school campuses are located ) , were named in his honor , as is John Foster Dulles Elementary School in Cincinnati , Ohio , and a school in Chicago , Illinois . New York named the Dulles State Office Building in Watertown , New York in his honor . In 1960 the U.S . Post Office Department issued a commemorative stamp honoring Dulles . At Princeton University , Dulless alma mater , a section of Firestone Library is dedicated to Dulles , named the John Foster Dulles Library of Diplomatic History , which houses , among many American diplomatic documents and books , the personal documents of John Foster Dulles . The library was built in 1962 . This quote is sometimes misattributed to Dulles : The United States of America does not have friends ; it has interests . The words were spoken by President Charles de Gaulle of France , and the misquotation may be attributed to Dulless visit to Mexico in 1958 , where anti-American protesters carried signs bearing de Gaulles quote . Popular culture . Dulles was named Time magazines Man of the Year for 1954 . Entertainer Carol Burnett rose to prominence in the 1950s singing a novelty song , I Made a Fool of Myself Over John Foster Dulles . When asked about the song on Meet the Press , Dulles responded with good humor : I never discuss matters of the heart in public .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " John Foster Dulles ( ; February 25 , 1888May 24 , 1959 ) was an American diplomat , lawyer , and Republican politician . He served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D . Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 and was briefly a U.S . Senator for New York in 1949 . He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era , advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "Born in Washington , D.C. , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell after graduating from George Washington University Law School . His grandfather , John W . Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , both served as United States Secretary of State , while his brother , Allen Dulles , served as the Director of Central Intelligence from 1953 to 1961 . John Foster Dulles served on the War Industries Board during World War I and he was a U.S . legal counsel at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference . He became",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "a member of the League of Free Nations Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations . Dulles also helped design the Dawes Plan , which sought to stabilize Europe by reducing German war reparations .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": " Dulles served as the chief foreign policy adviser to Thomas E . Dewey , the Republican presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948 . He also helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter and served as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly . In 1949 , Dewey appointed Dulles to fill the vacancy caused by the illness and resignation of Senator Robert F . Wagner . Dulles served for four months before his defeat in a special election against Herbert H . Lehman .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "After Dwight Eisenhower won the 1952 presidential election , he chose Dulles as Secretary of State . Throughout his tenure , Dulles favored a strategy of massive retaliation in response to Soviet aggression and concentrated on building and strengthening Cold War alliances , most prominently the North Atlantic Treaty Organization . He was the architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , an anti-Communist defensive alliance between the United States and several nations in and near Southeast Asia . He also helped instigate the 1953 Iranian coup détat and the 1954 Guatemalan coup détat . Dulles advocated support of the",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "French in their war against the Viet Minh in Indochina but rejected the Geneva Accords between France and the communists , instead supporting South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference in 1954 . Suffering from colon cancer , Dulles resigned from office in 1959 and died later that year .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "Born in Washington , D.C. , he was one of five children and the eldest son born to Presbyterian minister Allen Macy Dulles and his wife , Edith ( née Foster ) . His paternal grandfather , John Welsh Dulles , had been a Presbyterian missionary in India . His maternal grandfather , John W . Foster , had been Secretary of State under Benjamin Harrison , and doted on Dulles and his brother Allen , who would later become the director of the Central Intelligence Agency . The brothers attended public schools in Watertown , New York and spent",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "summers with their maternal grandfather in nearby Henderson Harbor .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Dulles attended Princeton University and graduated as a member of Phi Beta Kappa in 1908 . At Princeton , Dulles competed on the American Whig-Cliosophic Society debate team and was a member of University Cottage Club . He then attended the George Washington University Law School in Washington , D.C .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Upon graduating from law school and passing the bar examination , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , where he specialized in international law . After the start of World War I , Dulles tried to join the United States Army but was rejected because of poor eyesight . Instead , Dulles received an army commission as major on the War Industries Board . Dulles later returned to Sullivan & Cromwell and became a partner with an international practice .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "In 1917 , Dulless uncle , Robert Lansing , the then-Secretary of State , recruited him to travel to Nicaragua , Costa Rica and Panama . Dulles advised Washington to support Costa Ricas dictator , Federico Tinoco , on the grounds that he was anti-German , and also encouraged Nicaraguas dictator , Emiliano Chamorro , to issue a proclamation suspending diplomatic relations with Germany . In Panama , Dulles offered waiver of the tax imposed by the United States on the annual Canal fee , in exchange for a Panamanian declaration of war on Germany .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "In 1918 , President Woodrow Wilson appointed Dulles as legal counsel to the United States delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference where he served under his uncle , Secretary of State Robert Lansing . Dulles made an early impression as a junior diplomat . While some recollections indicate he clearly and forcefully argued against imposing crushing reparations on Germany , other recollections indicate he ensured Germanys reparation payments would extend for decades as perceived leverage militating against future German borne hostilities . Afterwards , he served as a member of the War Reparations Committee at Wilsons request . He was",
"title": "Versailles Peace Conference"
},
{
"text": "also an early member , along with future First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt , of the League of Free Nations Association , founded in 1918 and after 1923 known as the Foreign Policy Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations .",
"title": "Versailles Peace Conference"
},
{
"text": "As a partner in Sullivan & Cromwell , Dulles expanded upon his late grandfather Fosters expertise , specializing in international finance . He played a major role in designing the Dawes Plan , which reduced German reparations payments and temporarily resolved the reparations issue by having American firms lend money to German states and private companies . Under that compromise , the money was invested and the profits sent as reparations to Britain and France , which used the funds to repay their own war loans from the U.S . In the 1920s Dulles was involved in setting up a",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "billion dollars worth of these loans .",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 , Dulless previous practice brokering and documenting international loans ended . After 1931 Germany stopped making some of its scheduled payments . In 1934 Germany unilaterally stopped payments on private debts of the sort that Dulles was handling . In 1935 , with the Nazis in power , Sullivan & Cromwells junior partners forced Dulles to cut all business ties with Germany . Dulles was then prominent in the religious peace movement and an isolationist , but the junior partners were led by his brother Allen , so he reluctantly acceded to their",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "wishes .",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "Dulles , a deeply religious man , attended numerous international conferences of churchmen during the 1920s and 1930s . In 1924 , he was the defense counsel in the church trial of Reverend Harry Emerson Fosdick , who had been charged with heresy by opponents in his denomination ( the event which sparked the continuing Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in the international Christian Churches over the literal interpretation of Scripture versus the newly developed Historical-Critical method including recent scientific and archeological discoveries ) . The case was settled when Fosdick , a liberal Baptist , resigned his pulpit in the Presbyterian Church",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": "congregation , which he had never joined .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " Advisor to Thomas Dewey . Dulles was a prominent Republican and a close associate of Governor Thomas E . Dewey of New York State , who became the Republican presidential nominee in the elections of 1944 and 1948 . During the 1944 and the 1948 campaigns , Dulles served as Deweys chief foreign policy adviser . In 1944 , Dulles took an active role in establishing the Republican plank calling for the establishment of a Jewish commonwealth in Palestine .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": "In 1945 , Dulles participated in the San Francisco Conference as an adviser to Arthur H . Vandenberg and helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter . He attended the United Nations General Assembly as a United States delegate in 1946 , 1947 , and 1950 .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " Dulles strongly opposed the American atomic attacks on Japan . In the immediate aftermath of the bombings , he drafted a public statement that called for international control of nuclear energy under United Nations auspices . He wrote :",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": "Dulles never lost his anxiety about the destructive power of nuclear weapons , but his views on international control and on employing the threat of atomic attack changed in the face of the Berlin blockade , the Soviet detonation of an atomic bomb , and the advent of the Korean War . They convinced him that the communist bloc was pursuing expansionist policies .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " In the late 1940s , as a general conceptual framework for contending with world communism , Dulles developed the policy known as rollback to serve as the Republican Partys alternative to the Democrats containment model . It proposed taking the offensive to push communism back , rather than to contain it within its areas of control and influence .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " Dewey appointed Dulles to the United States Senate to replace the Democratic incumbent Robert F . Wagner , who had resigned for ill health . Dulles served from July 7 to November 8 , 1949 . He lost the 1949 special election to finish the term to Democratic nominee Herbert H . Lehman .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , Dulles published War or Peace , a critical analysis of the American policy of containment , which was favored by the foreign policy elite in Washington , particularly in the Democratic administration of Harry S . Truman , whose foreign policy Dulles criticized and instead advocated a policy of liberation .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": " U.S . Secretary of State . When Dwight Eisenhower became president in January 1953 , Dulles was appointed and confirmed as his Secretary of State . His tenure as Secretary was marked by conflict with communist governments worldwide , especially the Soviet Union ; Dulles strongly opposed communism , calling it Godless terrorism . Dulless preferred strategy was containment through military build-up and the formation of alliances ( dubbed pactomania ) .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": "Dulles was a pioneer of the strategies of massive retaliation and brinkmanship . In an article written for Life magazine , Dulles defined his policy of brinkmanship : The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": " Dulless hard line alienated many leaders of nonaligned countries when on June 9 , 1955 , he argued in a speech that neutrality has increasingly become obsolete and , except under very exceptional circumstances , it is an immoral and shortsighted conception . Throughout the 1950s , Dulles was in frequent conflict with non-aligned statesmen who he deemed were too sympathetic to communism , including Indias V.K . Krishna Menon .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": " One of his first major policy shifts towards a more aggressive position against communism occurred in March 1953 , when Dulles supported Eisenhowers decision to direct the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) , then headed by his brother Allen Dulles , to draft plans to overthrow Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran . That led directly to the coup détat via Operation Ajax in support of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , who became the Shah of Iran .",
"title": "Iran"
},
{
"text": " In the 1950s , Dulles worked to reduce French influence in Vietnam and asked the United States to attempt to co-operate with the French in the aid of strengthening Diems army . Over time , Dulles concluded that he had to ease France out of Vietnam .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "In 1954 , at the height of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu , Dulles helped plan and promote Operation Vulture , a proposed B-29 aerial assault on the communist Viet Minh siege positions to relieve the beleagured French Army . President Eisenhower made American participation reliant on British support , but Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden was opposed it and so Vulture was canceled over Dulless objections . With Dien Bien Phus fall to the communists , Dulles fell out with Eden . At the 1954 Geneva Conference , which concerned the breakup of French Indochina , he forbade",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "any contact with the Chinese delegation and refused to shake hands with Zhou Enlai , the lead Chinese negotiator . He subsequently left to avoid direct association with the negotiations .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": " Asia and the Pacific . As Secretary of State , Dulles still carried out the containment policy of neutralizing the Taiwan Strait during the Korean War , which had been established by Truman in the Treaty of Peace with Japan of 1951 . Dulles also supervised the completion of the Japanese Peace Treaty in which full independence was restored to Japan under American terms .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , Dulles helped initiate the ANZUS Treaty for mutual protection with Australia and New Zealand . In 1954 , Dulles architected the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , providing for collective action against aggression . The treaty was signed by representatives of Australia , Britain , France , New Zealand , Pakistan , the Philippines , Thailand , and the United States .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Dulles authorized the Secretary of the Air Force to state publicly that the United States was prepared to use nuclear weapons in a conflict with China over the islands of Quemoy and Matsu .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "The same year , Dulles participated in the instigation of a military coup by the Guatemalan army through the CIA by claiming that the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenzs government and the Guatemalan Revolution were veering toward communism . Dulles had previously represented the United Fruit Company as a lawyer . Thomas Dudley Cabot , former CEO of United Fruit , held positions of director of International Security Affairs in the State Department . John Moore Cabot , a brother of Thomas Dudley Cabot , was secretary of Inter-American Affairs during much of the coup planning in 1953 and",
"title": "Guatemala"
},
{
"text": "1954 .",
"title": "Guatemala"
},
{
"text": " In November 1956 , Dulles strongly opposed the Anglo-French invasion of the Suez Canal zone in response to Egypts nationalization of the canal . During the most crucial days , Dulles was hospitalized after surgery and did not participate in the U.S . administrations decision making . By 1958 he had become an outspoken opponent of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and prevented Nassers government from receiving arms from the United States . That policy allowed the Soviet Union to gain influence in Egypt .",
"title": "Egypt"
},
{
"text": " Both his grandfather , Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , the husband of Eleanor Foster , had held the position of Secretary of State . His younger brother , Allen Welsh Dulles , served as Director of Central Intelligence under Dwight D . Eisenhower , and his younger sister Eleanor Lansing Dulles was noted for her work in the successful reconstruction of the economy of post-war Europe during her twenty years with the State Department .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": "On June 26 , 1912 , Dulles married Janet Pomeroy Avery ( 1891–1969 ) , granddaughter of Theodore M . Pomeroy , a former United States Congressman and Speaker of the House of Representatives . They had two sons and a daughter . Their older son John W . F . Dulles ( 1913–2008 ) was a professor of history and specialist in Brazil at the University of Texas at Austin . Their daughter Lillias Dulles Hinshaw ( 1914–1987 ) became a Presbyterian minister . Their son Avery Dulles ( 1918–2008 ) converted to Roman Catholicism , entered the Jesuit",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": "order , and became the first American theologian to be appointed a Cardinal .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": " Dulles served as the chairman and cofounder of the Commission on a Just and Durable Peace of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America ( later the National Council of Churches ) , the Chairman of the Board for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , and a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1935 to 1952 . Dulles was also a founding member of Foreign Policy Association and Council on Foreign Relations .",
"title": "Non-governmental organizations"
},
{
"text": "Dulles developed colon cancer , for which he was first operated on in November 1956 when it had caused a bowel perforation . He experienced abdominal pain at the end of 1958 and was hospitalized with a diagnosis of diverticulitis . In January 1959 , Dulles returned to work , but with more pain and declining health underwent abdominal surgery in February at Walter Reed Army Medical Center when the cancers recurrence became evident . After recuperating in Florida , Dulles returned to Washington for work and radiation therapy . With further declining health and evidence of bone metastasis ,",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "he resigned from office on April 15 , 1959 .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Dulles died at Walter Reed on May 24 , 1959 , at the age of 71 . Funeral services were held in Washington National Cathedral on May 27 , 1959 , and he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery , in Arlington , Virginia .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Dulles was posthumously awarded the Medal of Freedom and the Sylvanus Thayer Award in 1959 . A central West Berlin road was named John-Foster-Dulles-Allee in 1959 with a ceremony attended by Christian Herter , Dulless successor as Secretary of State .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "The Washington Dulles International Airport in Dulles , Virginia and John Foster Dulles High , Middle , and Elementary Schools in Sugar Land , Texas ( including the street ( Dulles Avenue ) where the school campuses are located ) , were named in his honor , as is John Foster Dulles Elementary School in Cincinnati , Ohio , and a school in Chicago , Illinois . New York named the Dulles State Office Building in Watertown , New York in his honor . In 1960 the U.S . Post Office Department issued a commemorative stamp honoring Dulles . At",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "Princeton University , Dulless alma mater , a section of Firestone Library is dedicated to Dulles , named the John Foster Dulles Library of Diplomatic History , which houses , among many American diplomatic documents and books , the personal documents of John Foster Dulles . The library was built in 1962 .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " This quote is sometimes misattributed to Dulles : The United States of America does not have friends ; it has interests . The words were spoken by President Charles de Gaulle of France , and the misquotation may be attributed to Dulless visit to Mexico in 1958 , where anti-American protesters carried signs bearing de Gaulles quote .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " Dulles was named Time magazines Man of the Year for 1954 . Entertainer Carol Burnett rose to prominence in the 1950s singing a novelty song , I Made a Fool of Myself Over John Foster Dulles . When asked about the song on Meet the Press , Dulles responded with good humor : I never discuss matters of the heart in public .",
"title": "Popular culture"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles#P39#3
|
John Foster Dulles took which position between Feb 1954 and Jun 1955?
|
John Foster Dulles John Foster Dulles ( ; February 25 , 1888May 24 , 1959 ) was an American diplomat , lawyer , and Republican politician . He served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D . Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 and was briefly a U.S . Senator for New York in 1949 . He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era , advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world . Born in Washington , D.C. , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell after graduating from George Washington University Law School . His grandfather , John W . Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , both served as United States Secretary of State , while his brother , Allen Dulles , served as the Director of Central Intelligence from 1953 to 1961 . John Foster Dulles served on the War Industries Board during World War I and he was a U.S . legal counsel at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference . He became a member of the League of Free Nations Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations . Dulles also helped design the Dawes Plan , which sought to stabilize Europe by reducing German war reparations . Dulles served as the chief foreign policy adviser to Thomas E . Dewey , the Republican presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948 . He also helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter and served as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly . In 1949 , Dewey appointed Dulles to fill the vacancy caused by the illness and resignation of Senator Robert F . Wagner . Dulles served for four months before his defeat in a special election against Herbert H . Lehman . After Dwight Eisenhower won the 1952 presidential election , he chose Dulles as Secretary of State . Throughout his tenure , Dulles favored a strategy of massive retaliation in response to Soviet aggression and concentrated on building and strengthening Cold War alliances , most prominently the North Atlantic Treaty Organization . He was the architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , an anti-Communist defensive alliance between the United States and several nations in and near Southeast Asia . He also helped instigate the 1953 Iranian coup détat and the 1954 Guatemalan coup détat . Dulles advocated support of the French in their war against the Viet Minh in Indochina but rejected the Geneva Accords between France and the communists , instead supporting South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference in 1954 . Suffering from colon cancer , Dulles resigned from office in 1959 and died later that year . Early life . Born in Washington , D.C. , he was one of five children and the eldest son born to Presbyterian minister Allen Macy Dulles and his wife , Edith ( née Foster ) . His paternal grandfather , John Welsh Dulles , had been a Presbyterian missionary in India . His maternal grandfather , John W . Foster , had been Secretary of State under Benjamin Harrison , and doted on Dulles and his brother Allen , who would later become the director of the Central Intelligence Agency . The brothers attended public schools in Watertown , New York and spent summers with their maternal grandfather in nearby Henderson Harbor . Dulles attended Princeton University and graduated as a member of Phi Beta Kappa in 1908 . At Princeton , Dulles competed on the American Whig-Cliosophic Society debate team and was a member of University Cottage Club . He then attended the George Washington University Law School in Washington , D.C . Early career . Upon graduating from law school and passing the bar examination , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , where he specialized in international law . After the start of World War I , Dulles tried to join the United States Army but was rejected because of poor eyesight . Instead , Dulles received an army commission as major on the War Industries Board . Dulles later returned to Sullivan & Cromwell and became a partner with an international practice . In 1917 , Dulless uncle , Robert Lansing , the then-Secretary of State , recruited him to travel to Nicaragua , Costa Rica and Panama . Dulles advised Washington to support Costa Ricas dictator , Federico Tinoco , on the grounds that he was anti-German , and also encouraged Nicaraguas dictator , Emiliano Chamorro , to issue a proclamation suspending diplomatic relations with Germany . In Panama , Dulles offered waiver of the tax imposed by the United States on the annual Canal fee , in exchange for a Panamanian declaration of war on Germany . International diplomacy . Versailles Peace Conference . In 1918 , President Woodrow Wilson appointed Dulles as legal counsel to the United States delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference where he served under his uncle , Secretary of State Robert Lansing . Dulles made an early impression as a junior diplomat . While some recollections indicate he clearly and forcefully argued against imposing crushing reparations on Germany , other recollections indicate he ensured Germanys reparation payments would extend for decades as perceived leverage militating against future German borne hostilities . Afterwards , he served as a member of the War Reparations Committee at Wilsons request . He was also an early member , along with future First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt , of the League of Free Nations Association , founded in 1918 and after 1923 known as the Foreign Policy Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations . Dawes Plan . As a partner in Sullivan & Cromwell , Dulles expanded upon his late grandfather Fosters expertise , specializing in international finance . He played a major role in designing the Dawes Plan , which reduced German reparations payments and temporarily resolved the reparations issue by having American firms lend money to German states and private companies . Under that compromise , the money was invested and the profits sent as reparations to Britain and France , which used the funds to repay their own war loans from the U.S . In the 1920s Dulles was involved in setting up a billion dollars worth of these loans . After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 , Dulless previous practice brokering and documenting international loans ended . After 1931 Germany stopped making some of its scheduled payments . In 1934 Germany unilaterally stopped payments on private debts of the sort that Dulles was handling . In 1935 , with the Nazis in power , Sullivan & Cromwells junior partners forced Dulles to cut all business ties with Germany . Dulles was then prominent in the religious peace movement and an isolationist , but the junior partners were led by his brother Allen , so he reluctantly acceded to their wishes . Fosdick controversy . Dulles , a deeply religious man , attended numerous international conferences of churchmen during the 1920s and 1930s . In 1924 , he was the defense counsel in the church trial of Reverend Harry Emerson Fosdick , who had been charged with heresy by opponents in his denomination ( the event which sparked the continuing Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in the international Christian Churches over the literal interpretation of Scripture versus the newly developed Historical-Critical method including recent scientific and archeological discoveries ) . The case was settled when Fosdick , a liberal Baptist , resigned his pulpit in the Presbyterian Church congregation , which he had never joined . Advisor to Thomas Dewey . Dulles was a prominent Republican and a close associate of Governor Thomas E . Dewey of New York State , who became the Republican presidential nominee in the elections of 1944 and 1948 . During the 1944 and the 1948 campaigns , Dulles served as Deweys chief foreign policy adviser . In 1944 , Dulles took an active role in establishing the Republican plank calling for the establishment of a Jewish commonwealth in Palestine . In 1945 , Dulles participated in the San Francisco Conference as an adviser to Arthur H . Vandenberg and helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter . He attended the United Nations General Assembly as a United States delegate in 1946 , 1947 , and 1950 . Dulles strongly opposed the American atomic attacks on Japan . In the immediate aftermath of the bombings , he drafted a public statement that called for international control of nuclear energy under United Nations auspices . He wrote : Dulles never lost his anxiety about the destructive power of nuclear weapons , but his views on international control and on employing the threat of atomic attack changed in the face of the Berlin blockade , the Soviet detonation of an atomic bomb , and the advent of the Korean War . They convinced him that the communist bloc was pursuing expansionist policies . In the late 1940s , as a general conceptual framework for contending with world communism , Dulles developed the policy known as rollback to serve as the Republican Partys alternative to the Democrats containment model . It proposed taking the offensive to push communism back , rather than to contain it within its areas of control and influence . U.S . Senator . Dewey appointed Dulles to the United States Senate to replace the Democratic incumbent Robert F . Wagner , who had resigned for ill health . Dulles served from July 7 to November 8 , 1949 . He lost the 1949 special election to finish the term to Democratic nominee Herbert H . Lehman . In 1950 , Dulles published War or Peace , a critical analysis of the American policy of containment , which was favored by the foreign policy elite in Washington , particularly in the Democratic administration of Harry S . Truman , whose foreign policy Dulles criticized and instead advocated a policy of liberation . U.S . Secretary of State . When Dwight Eisenhower became president in January 1953 , Dulles was appointed and confirmed as his Secretary of State . His tenure as Secretary was marked by conflict with communist governments worldwide , especially the Soviet Union ; Dulles strongly opposed communism , calling it Godless terrorism . Dulless preferred strategy was containment through military build-up and the formation of alliances ( dubbed pactomania ) . Dulles was a pioneer of the strategies of massive retaliation and brinkmanship . In an article written for Life magazine , Dulles defined his policy of brinkmanship : The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art . Dulless hard line alienated many leaders of nonaligned countries when on June 9 , 1955 , he argued in a speech that neutrality has increasingly become obsolete and , except under very exceptional circumstances , it is an immoral and shortsighted conception . Throughout the 1950s , Dulles was in frequent conflict with non-aligned statesmen who he deemed were too sympathetic to communism , including Indias V.K . Krishna Menon . Iran . One of his first major policy shifts towards a more aggressive position against communism occurred in March 1953 , when Dulles supported Eisenhowers decision to direct the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) , then headed by his brother Allen Dulles , to draft plans to overthrow Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran . That led directly to the coup détat via Operation Ajax in support of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , who became the Shah of Iran . Vietnam . In the 1950s , Dulles worked to reduce French influence in Vietnam and asked the United States to attempt to co-operate with the French in the aid of strengthening Diems army . Over time , Dulles concluded that he had to ease France out of Vietnam . In 1954 , at the height of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu , Dulles helped plan and promote Operation Vulture , a proposed B-29 aerial assault on the communist Viet Minh siege positions to relieve the beleagured French Army . President Eisenhower made American participation reliant on British support , but Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden was opposed it and so Vulture was canceled over Dulless objections . With Dien Bien Phus fall to the communists , Dulles fell out with Eden . At the 1954 Geneva Conference , which concerned the breakup of French Indochina , he forbade any contact with the Chinese delegation and refused to shake hands with Zhou Enlai , the lead Chinese negotiator . He subsequently left to avoid direct association with the negotiations . Asia and the Pacific . As Secretary of State , Dulles still carried out the containment policy of neutralizing the Taiwan Strait during the Korean War , which had been established by Truman in the Treaty of Peace with Japan of 1951 . Dulles also supervised the completion of the Japanese Peace Treaty in which full independence was restored to Japan under American terms . In 1950 , Dulles helped initiate the ANZUS Treaty for mutual protection with Australia and New Zealand . In 1954 , Dulles architected the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , providing for collective action against aggression . The treaty was signed by representatives of Australia , Britain , France , New Zealand , Pakistan , the Philippines , Thailand , and the United States . In 1958 , Dulles authorized the Secretary of the Air Force to state publicly that the United States was prepared to use nuclear weapons in a conflict with China over the islands of Quemoy and Matsu . Guatemala . The same year , Dulles participated in the instigation of a military coup by the Guatemalan army through the CIA by claiming that the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenzs government and the Guatemalan Revolution were veering toward communism . Dulles had previously represented the United Fruit Company as a lawyer . Thomas Dudley Cabot , former CEO of United Fruit , held positions of director of International Security Affairs in the State Department . John Moore Cabot , a brother of Thomas Dudley Cabot , was secretary of Inter-American Affairs during much of the coup planning in 1953 and 1954 . Egypt . In November 1956 , Dulles strongly opposed the Anglo-French invasion of the Suez Canal zone in response to Egypts nationalization of the canal . During the most crucial days , Dulles was hospitalized after surgery and did not participate in the U.S . administrations decision making . By 1958 he had become an outspoken opponent of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and prevented Nassers government from receiving arms from the United States . That policy allowed the Soviet Union to gain influence in Egypt . Personal life . Family . Both his grandfather , Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , the husband of Eleanor Foster , had held the position of Secretary of State . His younger brother , Allen Welsh Dulles , served as Director of Central Intelligence under Dwight D . Eisenhower , and his younger sister Eleanor Lansing Dulles was noted for her work in the successful reconstruction of the economy of post-war Europe during her twenty years with the State Department . On June 26 , 1912 , Dulles married Janet Pomeroy Avery ( 1891–1969 ) , granddaughter of Theodore M . Pomeroy , a former United States Congressman and Speaker of the House of Representatives . They had two sons and a daughter . Their older son John W . F . Dulles ( 1913–2008 ) was a professor of history and specialist in Brazil at the University of Texas at Austin . Their daughter Lillias Dulles Hinshaw ( 1914–1987 ) became a Presbyterian minister . Their son Avery Dulles ( 1918–2008 ) converted to Roman Catholicism , entered the Jesuit order , and became the first American theologian to be appointed a Cardinal . Non-governmental organizations . Dulles served as the chairman and cofounder of the Commission on a Just and Durable Peace of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America ( later the National Council of Churches ) , the Chairman of the Board for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , and a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1935 to 1952 . Dulles was also a founding member of Foreign Policy Association and Council on Foreign Relations . Death . Dulles developed colon cancer , for which he was first operated on in November 1956 when it had caused a bowel perforation . He experienced abdominal pain at the end of 1958 and was hospitalized with a diagnosis of diverticulitis . In January 1959 , Dulles returned to work , but with more pain and declining health underwent abdominal surgery in February at Walter Reed Army Medical Center when the cancers recurrence became evident . After recuperating in Florida , Dulles returned to Washington for work and radiation therapy . With further declining health and evidence of bone metastasis , he resigned from office on April 15 , 1959 . Dulles died at Walter Reed on May 24 , 1959 , at the age of 71 . Funeral services were held in Washington National Cathedral on May 27 , 1959 , and he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery , in Arlington , Virginia . Legacy . Dulles was posthumously awarded the Medal of Freedom and the Sylvanus Thayer Award in 1959 . A central West Berlin road was named John-Foster-Dulles-Allee in 1959 with a ceremony attended by Christian Herter , Dulless successor as Secretary of State . The Washington Dulles International Airport in Dulles , Virginia and John Foster Dulles High , Middle , and Elementary Schools in Sugar Land , Texas ( including the street ( Dulles Avenue ) where the school campuses are located ) , were named in his honor , as is John Foster Dulles Elementary School in Cincinnati , Ohio , and a school in Chicago , Illinois . New York named the Dulles State Office Building in Watertown , New York in his honor . In 1960 the U.S . Post Office Department issued a commemorative stamp honoring Dulles . At Princeton University , Dulless alma mater , a section of Firestone Library is dedicated to Dulles , named the John Foster Dulles Library of Diplomatic History , which houses , among many American diplomatic documents and books , the personal documents of John Foster Dulles . The library was built in 1962 . This quote is sometimes misattributed to Dulles : The United States of America does not have friends ; it has interests . The words were spoken by President Charles de Gaulle of France , and the misquotation may be attributed to Dulless visit to Mexico in 1958 , where anti-American protesters carried signs bearing de Gaulles quote . Popular culture . Dulles was named Time magazines Man of the Year for 1954 . Entertainer Carol Burnett rose to prominence in the 1950s singing a novelty song , I Made a Fool of Myself Over John Foster Dulles . When asked about the song on Meet the Press , Dulles responded with good humor : I never discuss matters of the heart in public .
|
[
"United States Secretary of State"
] |
[
{
"text": " John Foster Dulles ( ; February 25 , 1888May 24 , 1959 ) was an American diplomat , lawyer , and Republican politician . He served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D . Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 and was briefly a U.S . Senator for New York in 1949 . He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era , advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "Born in Washington , D.C. , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell after graduating from George Washington University Law School . His grandfather , John W . Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , both served as United States Secretary of State , while his brother , Allen Dulles , served as the Director of Central Intelligence from 1953 to 1961 . John Foster Dulles served on the War Industries Board during World War I and he was a U.S . legal counsel at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference . He became",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "a member of the League of Free Nations Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations . Dulles also helped design the Dawes Plan , which sought to stabilize Europe by reducing German war reparations .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": " Dulles served as the chief foreign policy adviser to Thomas E . Dewey , the Republican presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948 . He also helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter and served as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly . In 1949 , Dewey appointed Dulles to fill the vacancy caused by the illness and resignation of Senator Robert F . Wagner . Dulles served for four months before his defeat in a special election against Herbert H . Lehman .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "After Dwight Eisenhower won the 1952 presidential election , he chose Dulles as Secretary of State . Throughout his tenure , Dulles favored a strategy of massive retaliation in response to Soviet aggression and concentrated on building and strengthening Cold War alliances , most prominently the North Atlantic Treaty Organization . He was the architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , an anti-Communist defensive alliance between the United States and several nations in and near Southeast Asia . He also helped instigate the 1953 Iranian coup détat and the 1954 Guatemalan coup détat . Dulles advocated support of the",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "French in their war against the Viet Minh in Indochina but rejected the Geneva Accords between France and the communists , instead supporting South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference in 1954 . Suffering from colon cancer , Dulles resigned from office in 1959 and died later that year .",
"title": "John Foster Dulles"
},
{
"text": "Born in Washington , D.C. , he was one of five children and the eldest son born to Presbyterian minister Allen Macy Dulles and his wife , Edith ( née Foster ) . His paternal grandfather , John Welsh Dulles , had been a Presbyterian missionary in India . His maternal grandfather , John W . Foster , had been Secretary of State under Benjamin Harrison , and doted on Dulles and his brother Allen , who would later become the director of the Central Intelligence Agency . The brothers attended public schools in Watertown , New York and spent",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "summers with their maternal grandfather in nearby Henderson Harbor .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Dulles attended Princeton University and graduated as a member of Phi Beta Kappa in 1908 . At Princeton , Dulles competed on the American Whig-Cliosophic Society debate team and was a member of University Cottage Club . He then attended the George Washington University Law School in Washington , D.C .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Upon graduating from law school and passing the bar examination , Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , where he specialized in international law . After the start of World War I , Dulles tried to join the United States Army but was rejected because of poor eyesight . Instead , Dulles received an army commission as major on the War Industries Board . Dulles later returned to Sullivan & Cromwell and became a partner with an international practice .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "In 1917 , Dulless uncle , Robert Lansing , the then-Secretary of State , recruited him to travel to Nicaragua , Costa Rica and Panama . Dulles advised Washington to support Costa Ricas dictator , Federico Tinoco , on the grounds that he was anti-German , and also encouraged Nicaraguas dictator , Emiliano Chamorro , to issue a proclamation suspending diplomatic relations with Germany . In Panama , Dulles offered waiver of the tax imposed by the United States on the annual Canal fee , in exchange for a Panamanian declaration of war on Germany .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "In 1918 , President Woodrow Wilson appointed Dulles as legal counsel to the United States delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference where he served under his uncle , Secretary of State Robert Lansing . Dulles made an early impression as a junior diplomat . While some recollections indicate he clearly and forcefully argued against imposing crushing reparations on Germany , other recollections indicate he ensured Germanys reparation payments would extend for decades as perceived leverage militating against future German borne hostilities . Afterwards , he served as a member of the War Reparations Committee at Wilsons request . He was",
"title": "Versailles Peace Conference"
},
{
"text": "also an early member , along with future First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt , of the League of Free Nations Association , founded in 1918 and after 1923 known as the Foreign Policy Association , which supported American membership in the League of Nations .",
"title": "Versailles Peace Conference"
},
{
"text": "As a partner in Sullivan & Cromwell , Dulles expanded upon his late grandfather Fosters expertise , specializing in international finance . He played a major role in designing the Dawes Plan , which reduced German reparations payments and temporarily resolved the reparations issue by having American firms lend money to German states and private companies . Under that compromise , the money was invested and the profits sent as reparations to Britain and France , which used the funds to repay their own war loans from the U.S . In the 1920s Dulles was involved in setting up a",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "billion dollars worth of these loans .",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 , Dulless previous practice brokering and documenting international loans ended . After 1931 Germany stopped making some of its scheduled payments . In 1934 Germany unilaterally stopped payments on private debts of the sort that Dulles was handling . In 1935 , with the Nazis in power , Sullivan & Cromwells junior partners forced Dulles to cut all business ties with Germany . Dulles was then prominent in the religious peace movement and an isolationist , but the junior partners were led by his brother Allen , so he reluctantly acceded to their",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "wishes .",
"title": "Dawes Plan"
},
{
"text": "Dulles , a deeply religious man , attended numerous international conferences of churchmen during the 1920s and 1930s . In 1924 , he was the defense counsel in the church trial of Reverend Harry Emerson Fosdick , who had been charged with heresy by opponents in his denomination ( the event which sparked the continuing Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in the international Christian Churches over the literal interpretation of Scripture versus the newly developed Historical-Critical method including recent scientific and archeological discoveries ) . The case was settled when Fosdick , a liberal Baptist , resigned his pulpit in the Presbyterian Church",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": "congregation , which he had never joined .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " Advisor to Thomas Dewey . Dulles was a prominent Republican and a close associate of Governor Thomas E . Dewey of New York State , who became the Republican presidential nominee in the elections of 1944 and 1948 . During the 1944 and the 1948 campaigns , Dulles served as Deweys chief foreign policy adviser . In 1944 , Dulles took an active role in establishing the Republican plank calling for the establishment of a Jewish commonwealth in Palestine .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": "In 1945 , Dulles participated in the San Francisco Conference as an adviser to Arthur H . Vandenberg and helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter . He attended the United Nations General Assembly as a United States delegate in 1946 , 1947 , and 1950 .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " Dulles strongly opposed the American atomic attacks on Japan . In the immediate aftermath of the bombings , he drafted a public statement that called for international control of nuclear energy under United Nations auspices . He wrote :",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": "Dulles never lost his anxiety about the destructive power of nuclear weapons , but his views on international control and on employing the threat of atomic attack changed in the face of the Berlin blockade , the Soviet detonation of an atomic bomb , and the advent of the Korean War . They convinced him that the communist bloc was pursuing expansionist policies .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " In the late 1940s , as a general conceptual framework for contending with world communism , Dulles developed the policy known as rollback to serve as the Republican Partys alternative to the Democrats containment model . It proposed taking the offensive to push communism back , rather than to contain it within its areas of control and influence .",
"title": "Fosdick controversy"
},
{
"text": " Dewey appointed Dulles to the United States Senate to replace the Democratic incumbent Robert F . Wagner , who had resigned for ill health . Dulles served from July 7 to November 8 , 1949 . He lost the 1949 special election to finish the term to Democratic nominee Herbert H . Lehman .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , Dulles published War or Peace , a critical analysis of the American policy of containment , which was favored by the foreign policy elite in Washington , particularly in the Democratic administration of Harry S . Truman , whose foreign policy Dulles criticized and instead advocated a policy of liberation .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": " U.S . Secretary of State . When Dwight Eisenhower became president in January 1953 , Dulles was appointed and confirmed as his Secretary of State . His tenure as Secretary was marked by conflict with communist governments worldwide , especially the Soviet Union ; Dulles strongly opposed communism , calling it Godless terrorism . Dulless preferred strategy was containment through military build-up and the formation of alliances ( dubbed pactomania ) .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": "Dulles was a pioneer of the strategies of massive retaliation and brinkmanship . In an article written for Life magazine , Dulles defined his policy of brinkmanship : The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": " Dulless hard line alienated many leaders of nonaligned countries when on June 9 , 1955 , he argued in a speech that neutrality has increasingly become obsolete and , except under very exceptional circumstances , it is an immoral and shortsighted conception . Throughout the 1950s , Dulles was in frequent conflict with non-aligned statesmen who he deemed were too sympathetic to communism , including Indias V.K . Krishna Menon .",
"title": "U.S . Senator"
},
{
"text": " One of his first major policy shifts towards a more aggressive position against communism occurred in March 1953 , when Dulles supported Eisenhowers decision to direct the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) , then headed by his brother Allen Dulles , to draft plans to overthrow Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran . That led directly to the coup détat via Operation Ajax in support of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , who became the Shah of Iran .",
"title": "Iran"
},
{
"text": " In the 1950s , Dulles worked to reduce French influence in Vietnam and asked the United States to attempt to co-operate with the French in the aid of strengthening Diems army . Over time , Dulles concluded that he had to ease France out of Vietnam .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "In 1954 , at the height of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu , Dulles helped plan and promote Operation Vulture , a proposed B-29 aerial assault on the communist Viet Minh siege positions to relieve the beleagured French Army . President Eisenhower made American participation reliant on British support , but Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden was opposed it and so Vulture was canceled over Dulless objections . With Dien Bien Phus fall to the communists , Dulles fell out with Eden . At the 1954 Geneva Conference , which concerned the breakup of French Indochina , he forbade",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "any contact with the Chinese delegation and refused to shake hands with Zhou Enlai , the lead Chinese negotiator . He subsequently left to avoid direct association with the negotiations .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": " Asia and the Pacific . As Secretary of State , Dulles still carried out the containment policy of neutralizing the Taiwan Strait during the Korean War , which had been established by Truman in the Treaty of Peace with Japan of 1951 . Dulles also supervised the completion of the Japanese Peace Treaty in which full independence was restored to Japan under American terms .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , Dulles helped initiate the ANZUS Treaty for mutual protection with Australia and New Zealand . In 1954 , Dulles architected the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , providing for collective action against aggression . The treaty was signed by representatives of Australia , Britain , France , New Zealand , Pakistan , the Philippines , Thailand , and the United States .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Dulles authorized the Secretary of the Air Force to state publicly that the United States was prepared to use nuclear weapons in a conflict with China over the islands of Quemoy and Matsu .",
"title": "Vietnam"
},
{
"text": "The same year , Dulles participated in the instigation of a military coup by the Guatemalan army through the CIA by claiming that the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenzs government and the Guatemalan Revolution were veering toward communism . Dulles had previously represented the United Fruit Company as a lawyer . Thomas Dudley Cabot , former CEO of United Fruit , held positions of director of International Security Affairs in the State Department . John Moore Cabot , a brother of Thomas Dudley Cabot , was secretary of Inter-American Affairs during much of the coup planning in 1953 and",
"title": "Guatemala"
},
{
"text": "1954 .",
"title": "Guatemala"
},
{
"text": " In November 1956 , Dulles strongly opposed the Anglo-French invasion of the Suez Canal zone in response to Egypts nationalization of the canal . During the most crucial days , Dulles was hospitalized after surgery and did not participate in the U.S . administrations decision making . By 1958 he had become an outspoken opponent of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and prevented Nassers government from receiving arms from the United States . That policy allowed the Soviet Union to gain influence in Egypt .",
"title": "Egypt"
},
{
"text": " Both his grandfather , Foster , and his uncle , Robert Lansing , the husband of Eleanor Foster , had held the position of Secretary of State . His younger brother , Allen Welsh Dulles , served as Director of Central Intelligence under Dwight D . Eisenhower , and his younger sister Eleanor Lansing Dulles was noted for her work in the successful reconstruction of the economy of post-war Europe during her twenty years with the State Department .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": "On June 26 , 1912 , Dulles married Janet Pomeroy Avery ( 1891–1969 ) , granddaughter of Theodore M . Pomeroy , a former United States Congressman and Speaker of the House of Representatives . They had two sons and a daughter . Their older son John W . F . Dulles ( 1913–2008 ) was a professor of history and specialist in Brazil at the University of Texas at Austin . Their daughter Lillias Dulles Hinshaw ( 1914–1987 ) became a Presbyterian minister . Their son Avery Dulles ( 1918–2008 ) converted to Roman Catholicism , entered the Jesuit",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": "order , and became the first American theologian to be appointed a Cardinal .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": " Dulles served as the chairman and cofounder of the Commission on a Just and Durable Peace of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America ( later the National Council of Churches ) , the Chairman of the Board for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , and a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1935 to 1952 . Dulles was also a founding member of Foreign Policy Association and Council on Foreign Relations .",
"title": "Non-governmental organizations"
},
{
"text": "Dulles developed colon cancer , for which he was first operated on in November 1956 when it had caused a bowel perforation . He experienced abdominal pain at the end of 1958 and was hospitalized with a diagnosis of diverticulitis . In January 1959 , Dulles returned to work , but with more pain and declining health underwent abdominal surgery in February at Walter Reed Army Medical Center when the cancers recurrence became evident . After recuperating in Florida , Dulles returned to Washington for work and radiation therapy . With further declining health and evidence of bone metastasis ,",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "he resigned from office on April 15 , 1959 .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Dulles died at Walter Reed on May 24 , 1959 , at the age of 71 . Funeral services were held in Washington National Cathedral on May 27 , 1959 , and he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery , in Arlington , Virginia .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " Dulles was posthumously awarded the Medal of Freedom and the Sylvanus Thayer Award in 1959 . A central West Berlin road was named John-Foster-Dulles-Allee in 1959 with a ceremony attended by Christian Herter , Dulless successor as Secretary of State .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "The Washington Dulles International Airport in Dulles , Virginia and John Foster Dulles High , Middle , and Elementary Schools in Sugar Land , Texas ( including the street ( Dulles Avenue ) where the school campuses are located ) , were named in his honor , as is John Foster Dulles Elementary School in Cincinnati , Ohio , and a school in Chicago , Illinois . New York named the Dulles State Office Building in Watertown , New York in his honor . In 1960 the U.S . Post Office Department issued a commemorative stamp honoring Dulles . At",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "Princeton University , Dulless alma mater , a section of Firestone Library is dedicated to Dulles , named the John Foster Dulles Library of Diplomatic History , which houses , among many American diplomatic documents and books , the personal documents of John Foster Dulles . The library was built in 1962 .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " This quote is sometimes misattributed to Dulles : The United States of America does not have friends ; it has interests . The words were spoken by President Charles de Gaulle of France , and the misquotation may be attributed to Dulless visit to Mexico in 1958 , where anti-American protesters carried signs bearing de Gaulles quote .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " Dulles was named Time magazines Man of the Year for 1954 . Entertainer Carol Burnett rose to prominence in the 1950s singing a novelty song , I Made a Fool of Myself Over John Foster Dulles . When asked about the song on Meet the Press , Dulles responded with good humor : I never discuss matters of the heart in public .",
"title": "Popular culture"
}
] |
/wiki/Q_(radio_show)#P371#0
|
Who was the presenter of Q (radio show) between Jan 2012 and Apr 2013?
|
Q ( radio show ) Q ( styled q ) is a Canadian arts magazine show produced by and airing on CBC Radio One , with syndication to public radio stations in the United States through Public Radio Exchange . The program mainly features interviews with prominent cultural and entertainment figures , though subjects and interviewees also deal with broader cultural topics such as their social , political and business aspects , as well as weekly panels on television/film and music on Mondays and Fridays respectively . Though not the highest-rated show on CBC Radio One ( The Current and As It Happens hold that distinction ) , Q is the highest rated show in its timeslot in CBC history , surpassing even Peter Gzowski who previously hosted the second hour of Morningside during the slot . The show is also regarded as standing out in CBC Radio Ones schedule through attracting a younger , more social-media-adept audience than other CBC Radio programming . Q launched in April 2007 . It was hosted by Jian Ghomeshi until October 2014 . Shad was chosen by the CBC in March 2015 as Qs new permanent host . His official debut as host was April 20 . The show was also re-branded as q at the same time . In August 2016 , the CBC announced that Shad would be replaced as host by Tom Power , formerly the host of Radio 2 Morning , in the fall . Power debuted as host on October 24 , 2016 . From late March to May 15 , 2020 , due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada , the 10 a.m . broadcast of the program was suspended in favour of an extended broadcast of the networks morning news program The Current ; however , Power was heard on The Current as a contributor of arts stories during this period . New episodes of the program still aired in the evening repeat slot , and the program was temporarily added to the schedule of CBC Music , replacing that networks 7-8 p.m . hour of regular programming . Episodes . The program airs live Monday to Friday at 10:00 a.m . ( 10:30 NT ) for 90 minutes , and an abbreviated 60-minute edition is then repeated at 9 p.m . Due to lesser time restraints ( such as less time lost to news breaks ) the evening repeat is able to air all of the feature content from the 90-minute daytime edition , although some shorter interstitial segments may be edited out . Stations carrying the show in the United States also broadcast the one-hour edition . It is broadcast mostly from CBCs Toronto studios , although the show also sometimes airs special broadcasts from other Canadian cities . On Fridays , the show formerly aired for two hours , and included a theme called Friday Live , where featured musicians are invited for an interview primarily as the opening segment with live performances throughout the program . History . Q first aired on April 16 , 2007 , replacing Freestyle in the networks afternoon programming block . It moved to its current time slot , replacing Sounds Like Canada , in fall 2008 . The name was chosen by the staff of the show from a list they themselves had compiled . A test run of the show was made using the name Radar . Other possible names ( some clearly tongue-in-cheek ) included State-of the-Arts in Canada , Awesometown , Afternoon Delight , Smells like Canada , Full Duplex Repeater , Skybox Three ( the room in Torontos Rogers Centre where much of the show was created ) , Ghomers Pile , or one even closer to Jian Ghomeshi , the show host of Iranian descent , Royal Canadian Air Farsi . Names a little closer to the mark included Studio Q and The Cue . According to Ghomeshi , A couple of the .. . suggestions came close , when the name Q was brought up there was a pause in the room and [ the Q team ] went Yes , thats it . It felt like the right name . Its an enigmatic letter [ they ] hope will become associated with the show . Beginning in 2013 , a one-hour weekly spinoff series , Q The Music , was added to the CBC Music schedule , airing a selection of interviews and performances by musicians previously broadcast on the daily program . On April 15 , 2015 , the show changed its name to the lower case q . 2009 Thornton interview . On April 8 , 2009 , Billy Bob Thornton and his musical group The Boxmasters made an appearance on Q that was widely criticized and received international attention after Thornton was persistently unintelligible and discourteous to Ghomeshi . Thornton eventually explained he had instructed the shows producers to not ask questions about his movie career . Ghomeshi had mentioned Thorntons acting in the introduction . Thornton had also complained Canadian audiences were like mashed potatoes without the gravy . The following night , opening for Willie Nelson at Torontos Massey Hall , Thornton said mid-set he liked Canadians but not Ghomeshi , which was greeted with boos and catcalls . The Boxmasters did not continue the tour in Canada as , according to Thornton , some of the crew and band had the flu . Ghomeshi and comedian Alan Park made a mock follow-up interview promoting the 2009 Air Farce Live television special . The sketch has Ghomeshi asking Thornton ( Alan Park ) about his plans for New Years , leading to the actor responding similar answers to the April interview . The two continue to banter until they break character and laugh around . Ghomeshis dismissal . Ghomeshi was fired from the CBC in October 2014 , amidst a mounting series of allegations that he had sexually assaulted a series of women , including former Q producer Kathryn Borel . After his departure , the program was hosted by a rotating series of guest hosts , including existing CBC staffers such as Brent Bambury , Piya Chattopadhyay , Tom Power , Allan Hawco and Talia Schlanger , and outside figures such as Wab Kinew , Rachel Giese , Damian Abraham , Candy Palmater , Shad , Daniel Richler and Sean Rameswaram . Many of the guest hosts were effectively auditioning for a place on the shortlist of potential new permanent hosts . During the transition process , the CBC faced controversy when it announced that it intended to remove all Ghomeshi-hosted segments of the program from its online archive of previously-broadcast content . They ultimately reversed this decision in the face of public disapproval , allowing the content to remain accessible online for the standard two-year period applicable to all other CBC content , but reaffirming that no content hosted by Ghomeshi will be re-aired on terrestrial radio . Late in the guest-hosting phase , Measha Brueggergosman and Kevin Smith each hosted a single show as part of a Thursday surprise feature , in which the show would be turned over for one day to a guest host whose identity had not been announced in advance . Shad era . The final five shortlist of host candidates comprised Shad , Palmater , Richler , Rameswaram and Power . Shads selection was announced on March 10 , 2015 . His debut as host was on April 20 , with a live broadcast from the CBCs Glenn Gould Studio . Producers indicated that under Shad , the program would increase its focus on music and would adopt a looser , less structured format . Concurrently with Shads debut as host , the program also unveiled new theme music composed by Canadian musician Bahamas . Tom Power era . Shad was replaced with Tom Power in August 2016 , as the programs ratings had declined significantly over the period when he hosted . Palmater returned as guest host of the show for the weeks between Shads departure and Powers debut . Concurrently with Power taking over the hosts chair , the show also debuted another new theme song , composed and performed by Ewan and Shamus Currie of The Sheepdogs through their side project BROS . Other regular contributors to the show include CBC Musics Raina Douris and Odario Williams , who appear as part of a weekly segment devoted to new album releases , and Jael Richardson as a book reviewer . Television versions . Filmed footage of interviews and live musical performances from the radio program airs on CBC Television and YouTube . The show was syndicated from September 2014 until September 2016 for weekend airings to commercial television stations in the United States through PPI ( the former Program Partners ) , a major syndicator of Canadian programming into the American television market . Due to Ghomeshis dismissal from the CBC mere weeks after its premiere , the PPI version of the show had its format shifted abruptly to feature a best-of compilation of the weeks interviews and musical performances ( similar to some sports radio show television simulcasts ) with the shows interim hosts instead with Ghomeshis segments completely removed , rather than the intended format of replays of archival content with Ghomeshi throughout several years . The show was effectively relaunched in early May 2015 with Shad taking a greater role in the PPI version of the series . External links . - Q audio podcast RSS - Q video podcast RSS - Q TV at YouTube - The Story of Q
|
[
"Jian Ghomeshi"
] |
[
{
"text": " Q ( styled q ) is a Canadian arts magazine show produced by and airing on CBC Radio One , with syndication to public radio stations in the United States through Public Radio Exchange . The program mainly features interviews with prominent cultural and entertainment figures , though subjects and interviewees also deal with broader cultural topics such as their social , political and business aspects , as well as weekly panels on television/film and music on Mondays and Fridays respectively .",
"title": "Q ( radio show )"
},
{
"text": "Though not the highest-rated show on CBC Radio One ( The Current and As It Happens hold that distinction ) , Q is the highest rated show in its timeslot in CBC history , surpassing even Peter Gzowski who previously hosted the second hour of Morningside during the slot . The show is also regarded as standing out in CBC Radio Ones schedule through attracting a younger , more social-media-adept audience than other CBC Radio programming .",
"title": "Q ( radio show )"
},
{
"text": " Q launched in April 2007 . It was hosted by Jian Ghomeshi until October 2014 . Shad was chosen by the CBC in March 2015 as Qs new permanent host . His official debut as host was April 20 . The show was also re-branded as q at the same time . In August 2016 , the CBC announced that Shad would be replaced as host by Tom Power , formerly the host of Radio 2 Morning , in the fall . Power debuted as host on October 24 , 2016 .",
"title": "Q ( radio show )"
},
{
"text": "From late March to May 15 , 2020 , due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada , the 10 a.m . broadcast of the program was suspended in favour of an extended broadcast of the networks morning news program The Current ; however , Power was heard on The Current as a contributor of arts stories during this period . New episodes of the program still aired in the evening repeat slot , and the program was temporarily added to the schedule of CBC Music , replacing that networks 7-8 p.m . hour of regular programming .",
"title": "Q ( radio show )"
},
{
"text": " The program airs live Monday to Friday at 10:00 a.m . ( 10:30 NT ) for 90 minutes , and an abbreviated 60-minute edition is then repeated at 9 p.m . Due to lesser time restraints ( such as less time lost to news breaks ) the evening repeat is able to air all of the feature content from the 90-minute daytime edition , although some shorter interstitial segments may be edited out . Stations carrying the show in the United States also broadcast the one-hour edition .",
"title": "Episodes"
},
{
"text": "It is broadcast mostly from CBCs Toronto studios , although the show also sometimes airs special broadcasts from other Canadian cities .",
"title": "Episodes"
},
{
"text": " On Fridays , the show formerly aired for two hours , and included a theme called Friday Live , where featured musicians are invited for an interview primarily as the opening segment with live performances throughout the program .",
"title": "Episodes"
},
{
"text": " Q first aired on April 16 , 2007 , replacing Freestyle in the networks afternoon programming block . It moved to its current time slot , replacing Sounds Like Canada , in fall 2008 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The name was chosen by the staff of the show from a list they themselves had compiled . A test run of the show was made using the name Radar . Other possible names ( some clearly tongue-in-cheek ) included State-of the-Arts in Canada , Awesometown , Afternoon Delight , Smells like Canada , Full Duplex Repeater , Skybox Three ( the room in Torontos Rogers Centre where much of the show was created ) , Ghomers Pile , or one even closer to Jian Ghomeshi , the show host of Iranian descent , Royal Canadian Air Farsi . Names",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "a little closer to the mark included Studio Q and The Cue . According to Ghomeshi , A couple of the .. . suggestions came close , when the name Q was brought up there was a pause in the room and [ the Q team ] went Yes , thats it . It felt like the right name . Its an enigmatic letter [ they ] hope will become associated with the show .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Beginning in 2013 , a one-hour weekly spinoff series , Q The Music , was added to the CBC Music schedule , airing a selection of interviews and performances by musicians previously broadcast on the daily program . On April 15 , 2015 , the show changed its name to the lower case q . 2009 Thornton interview .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On April 8 , 2009 , Billy Bob Thornton and his musical group The Boxmasters made an appearance on Q that was widely criticized and received international attention after Thornton was persistently unintelligible and discourteous to Ghomeshi . Thornton eventually explained he had instructed the shows producers to not ask questions about his movie career . Ghomeshi had mentioned Thorntons acting in the introduction . Thornton had also complained Canadian audiences were like mashed potatoes without the gravy . The following night , opening for Willie Nelson at Torontos Massey Hall , Thornton said mid-set he liked Canadians but not",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Ghomeshi , which was greeted with boos and catcalls . The Boxmasters did not continue the tour in Canada as , according to Thornton , some of the crew and band had the flu .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Ghomeshi and comedian Alan Park made a mock follow-up interview promoting the 2009 Air Farce Live television special . The sketch has Ghomeshi asking Thornton ( Alan Park ) about his plans for New Years , leading to the actor responding similar answers to the April interview . The two continue to banter until they break character and laugh around .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Ghomeshi was fired from the CBC in October 2014 , amidst a mounting series of allegations that he had sexually assaulted a series of women , including former Q producer Kathryn Borel .",
"title": "Ghomeshis dismissal"
},
{
"text": "After his departure , the program was hosted by a rotating series of guest hosts , including existing CBC staffers such as Brent Bambury , Piya Chattopadhyay , Tom Power , Allan Hawco and Talia Schlanger , and outside figures such as Wab Kinew , Rachel Giese , Damian Abraham , Candy Palmater , Shad , Daniel Richler and Sean Rameswaram . Many of the guest hosts were effectively auditioning for a place on the shortlist of potential new permanent hosts .",
"title": "Ghomeshis dismissal"
},
{
"text": " During the transition process , the CBC faced controversy when it announced that it intended to remove all Ghomeshi-hosted segments of the program from its online archive of previously-broadcast content . They ultimately reversed this decision in the face of public disapproval , allowing the content to remain accessible online for the standard two-year period applicable to all other CBC content , but reaffirming that no content hosted by Ghomeshi will be re-aired on terrestrial radio .",
"title": "Ghomeshis dismissal"
},
{
"text": "Late in the guest-hosting phase , Measha Brueggergosman and Kevin Smith each hosted a single show as part of a Thursday surprise feature , in which the show would be turned over for one day to a guest host whose identity had not been announced in advance .",
"title": "Ghomeshis dismissal"
},
{
"text": " The final five shortlist of host candidates comprised Shad , Palmater , Richler , Rameswaram and Power . Shads selection was announced on March 10 , 2015 . His debut as host was on April 20 , with a live broadcast from the CBCs Glenn Gould Studio . Producers indicated that under Shad , the program would increase its focus on music and would adopt a looser , less structured format . Concurrently with Shads debut as host , the program also unveiled new theme music composed by Canadian musician Bahamas .",
"title": "Shad era"
},
{
"text": "Shad was replaced with Tom Power in August 2016 , as the programs ratings had declined significantly over the period when he hosted . Palmater returned as guest host of the show for the weeks between Shads departure and Powers debut . Concurrently with Power taking over the hosts chair , the show also debuted another new theme song , composed and performed by Ewan and Shamus Currie of The Sheepdogs through their side project BROS . Other regular contributors to the show include CBC Musics Raina Douris and Odario Williams , who appear as part of a weekly segment",
"title": "Tom Power era"
},
{
"text": "devoted to new album releases , and Jael Richardson as a book reviewer .",
"title": "Tom Power era"
},
{
"text": " Filmed footage of interviews and live musical performances from the radio program airs on CBC Television and YouTube .",
"title": "Television versions"
},
{
"text": "The show was syndicated from September 2014 until September 2016 for weekend airings to commercial television stations in the United States through PPI ( the former Program Partners ) , a major syndicator of Canadian programming into the American television market . Due to Ghomeshis dismissal from the CBC mere weeks after its premiere , the PPI version of the show had its format shifted abruptly to feature a best-of compilation of the weeks interviews and musical performances ( similar to some sports radio show television simulcasts ) with the shows interim hosts instead with Ghomeshis segments completely removed ,",
"title": "Television versions"
},
{
"text": "rather than the intended format of replays of archival content with Ghomeshi throughout several years . The show was effectively relaunched in early May 2015 with Shad taking a greater role in the PPI version of the series .",
"title": "Television versions"
},
{
"text": " - Q audio podcast RSS - Q video podcast RSS - Q TV at YouTube - The Story of Q",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Q_(radio_show)#P371#1
|
Who was the presenter of Q (radio show) between Jul 2015 and Nov 2015?
|
Q ( radio show ) Q ( styled q ) is a Canadian arts magazine show produced by and airing on CBC Radio One , with syndication to public radio stations in the United States through Public Radio Exchange . The program mainly features interviews with prominent cultural and entertainment figures , though subjects and interviewees also deal with broader cultural topics such as their social , political and business aspects , as well as weekly panels on television/film and music on Mondays and Fridays respectively . Though not the highest-rated show on CBC Radio One ( The Current and As It Happens hold that distinction ) , Q is the highest rated show in its timeslot in CBC history , surpassing even Peter Gzowski who previously hosted the second hour of Morningside during the slot . The show is also regarded as standing out in CBC Radio Ones schedule through attracting a younger , more social-media-adept audience than other CBC Radio programming . Q launched in April 2007 . It was hosted by Jian Ghomeshi until October 2014 . Shad was chosen by the CBC in March 2015 as Qs new permanent host . His official debut as host was April 20 . The show was also re-branded as q at the same time . In August 2016 , the CBC announced that Shad would be replaced as host by Tom Power , formerly the host of Radio 2 Morning , in the fall . Power debuted as host on October 24 , 2016 . From late March to May 15 , 2020 , due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada , the 10 a.m . broadcast of the program was suspended in favour of an extended broadcast of the networks morning news program The Current ; however , Power was heard on The Current as a contributor of arts stories during this period . New episodes of the program still aired in the evening repeat slot , and the program was temporarily added to the schedule of CBC Music , replacing that networks 7-8 p.m . hour of regular programming . Episodes . The program airs live Monday to Friday at 10:00 a.m . ( 10:30 NT ) for 90 minutes , and an abbreviated 60-minute edition is then repeated at 9 p.m . Due to lesser time restraints ( such as less time lost to news breaks ) the evening repeat is able to air all of the feature content from the 90-minute daytime edition , although some shorter interstitial segments may be edited out . Stations carrying the show in the United States also broadcast the one-hour edition . It is broadcast mostly from CBCs Toronto studios , although the show also sometimes airs special broadcasts from other Canadian cities . On Fridays , the show formerly aired for two hours , and included a theme called Friday Live , where featured musicians are invited for an interview primarily as the opening segment with live performances throughout the program . History . Q first aired on April 16 , 2007 , replacing Freestyle in the networks afternoon programming block . It moved to its current time slot , replacing Sounds Like Canada , in fall 2008 . The name was chosen by the staff of the show from a list they themselves had compiled . A test run of the show was made using the name Radar . Other possible names ( some clearly tongue-in-cheek ) included State-of the-Arts in Canada , Awesometown , Afternoon Delight , Smells like Canada , Full Duplex Repeater , Skybox Three ( the room in Torontos Rogers Centre where much of the show was created ) , Ghomers Pile , or one even closer to Jian Ghomeshi , the show host of Iranian descent , Royal Canadian Air Farsi . Names a little closer to the mark included Studio Q and The Cue . According to Ghomeshi , A couple of the .. . suggestions came close , when the name Q was brought up there was a pause in the room and [ the Q team ] went Yes , thats it . It felt like the right name . Its an enigmatic letter [ they ] hope will become associated with the show . Beginning in 2013 , a one-hour weekly spinoff series , Q The Music , was added to the CBC Music schedule , airing a selection of interviews and performances by musicians previously broadcast on the daily program . On April 15 , 2015 , the show changed its name to the lower case q . 2009 Thornton interview . On April 8 , 2009 , Billy Bob Thornton and his musical group The Boxmasters made an appearance on Q that was widely criticized and received international attention after Thornton was persistently unintelligible and discourteous to Ghomeshi . Thornton eventually explained he had instructed the shows producers to not ask questions about his movie career . Ghomeshi had mentioned Thorntons acting in the introduction . Thornton had also complained Canadian audiences were like mashed potatoes without the gravy . The following night , opening for Willie Nelson at Torontos Massey Hall , Thornton said mid-set he liked Canadians but not Ghomeshi , which was greeted with boos and catcalls . The Boxmasters did not continue the tour in Canada as , according to Thornton , some of the crew and band had the flu . Ghomeshi and comedian Alan Park made a mock follow-up interview promoting the 2009 Air Farce Live television special . The sketch has Ghomeshi asking Thornton ( Alan Park ) about his plans for New Years , leading to the actor responding similar answers to the April interview . The two continue to banter until they break character and laugh around . Ghomeshis dismissal . Ghomeshi was fired from the CBC in October 2014 , amidst a mounting series of allegations that he had sexually assaulted a series of women , including former Q producer Kathryn Borel . After his departure , the program was hosted by a rotating series of guest hosts , including existing CBC staffers such as Brent Bambury , Piya Chattopadhyay , Tom Power , Allan Hawco and Talia Schlanger , and outside figures such as Wab Kinew , Rachel Giese , Damian Abraham , Candy Palmater , Shad , Daniel Richler and Sean Rameswaram . Many of the guest hosts were effectively auditioning for a place on the shortlist of potential new permanent hosts . During the transition process , the CBC faced controversy when it announced that it intended to remove all Ghomeshi-hosted segments of the program from its online archive of previously-broadcast content . They ultimately reversed this decision in the face of public disapproval , allowing the content to remain accessible online for the standard two-year period applicable to all other CBC content , but reaffirming that no content hosted by Ghomeshi will be re-aired on terrestrial radio . Late in the guest-hosting phase , Measha Brueggergosman and Kevin Smith each hosted a single show as part of a Thursday surprise feature , in which the show would be turned over for one day to a guest host whose identity had not been announced in advance . Shad era . The final five shortlist of host candidates comprised Shad , Palmater , Richler , Rameswaram and Power . Shads selection was announced on March 10 , 2015 . His debut as host was on April 20 , with a live broadcast from the CBCs Glenn Gould Studio . Producers indicated that under Shad , the program would increase its focus on music and would adopt a looser , less structured format . Concurrently with Shads debut as host , the program also unveiled new theme music composed by Canadian musician Bahamas . Tom Power era . Shad was replaced with Tom Power in August 2016 , as the programs ratings had declined significantly over the period when he hosted . Palmater returned as guest host of the show for the weeks between Shads departure and Powers debut . Concurrently with Power taking over the hosts chair , the show also debuted another new theme song , composed and performed by Ewan and Shamus Currie of The Sheepdogs through their side project BROS . Other regular contributors to the show include CBC Musics Raina Douris and Odario Williams , who appear as part of a weekly segment devoted to new album releases , and Jael Richardson as a book reviewer . Television versions . Filmed footage of interviews and live musical performances from the radio program airs on CBC Television and YouTube . The show was syndicated from September 2014 until September 2016 for weekend airings to commercial television stations in the United States through PPI ( the former Program Partners ) , a major syndicator of Canadian programming into the American television market . Due to Ghomeshis dismissal from the CBC mere weeks after its premiere , the PPI version of the show had its format shifted abruptly to feature a best-of compilation of the weeks interviews and musical performances ( similar to some sports radio show television simulcasts ) with the shows interim hosts instead with Ghomeshis segments completely removed , rather than the intended format of replays of archival content with Ghomeshi throughout several years . The show was effectively relaunched in early May 2015 with Shad taking a greater role in the PPI version of the series . External links . - Q audio podcast RSS - Q video podcast RSS - Q TV at YouTube - The Story of Q
|
[
"Shad"
] |
[
{
"text": " Q ( styled q ) is a Canadian arts magazine show produced by and airing on CBC Radio One , with syndication to public radio stations in the United States through Public Radio Exchange . The program mainly features interviews with prominent cultural and entertainment figures , though subjects and interviewees also deal with broader cultural topics such as their social , political and business aspects , as well as weekly panels on television/film and music on Mondays and Fridays respectively .",
"title": "Q ( radio show )"
},
{
"text": "Though not the highest-rated show on CBC Radio One ( The Current and As It Happens hold that distinction ) , Q is the highest rated show in its timeslot in CBC history , surpassing even Peter Gzowski who previously hosted the second hour of Morningside during the slot . The show is also regarded as standing out in CBC Radio Ones schedule through attracting a younger , more social-media-adept audience than other CBC Radio programming .",
"title": "Q ( radio show )"
},
{
"text": " Q launched in April 2007 . It was hosted by Jian Ghomeshi until October 2014 . Shad was chosen by the CBC in March 2015 as Qs new permanent host . His official debut as host was April 20 . The show was also re-branded as q at the same time . In August 2016 , the CBC announced that Shad would be replaced as host by Tom Power , formerly the host of Radio 2 Morning , in the fall . Power debuted as host on October 24 , 2016 .",
"title": "Q ( radio show )"
},
{
"text": "From late March to May 15 , 2020 , due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada , the 10 a.m . broadcast of the program was suspended in favour of an extended broadcast of the networks morning news program The Current ; however , Power was heard on The Current as a contributor of arts stories during this period . New episodes of the program still aired in the evening repeat slot , and the program was temporarily added to the schedule of CBC Music , replacing that networks 7-8 p.m . hour of regular programming .",
"title": "Q ( radio show )"
},
{
"text": " The program airs live Monday to Friday at 10:00 a.m . ( 10:30 NT ) for 90 minutes , and an abbreviated 60-minute edition is then repeated at 9 p.m . Due to lesser time restraints ( such as less time lost to news breaks ) the evening repeat is able to air all of the feature content from the 90-minute daytime edition , although some shorter interstitial segments may be edited out . Stations carrying the show in the United States also broadcast the one-hour edition .",
"title": "Episodes"
},
{
"text": "It is broadcast mostly from CBCs Toronto studios , although the show also sometimes airs special broadcasts from other Canadian cities .",
"title": "Episodes"
},
{
"text": " On Fridays , the show formerly aired for two hours , and included a theme called Friday Live , where featured musicians are invited for an interview primarily as the opening segment with live performances throughout the program .",
"title": "Episodes"
},
{
"text": " Q first aired on April 16 , 2007 , replacing Freestyle in the networks afternoon programming block . It moved to its current time slot , replacing Sounds Like Canada , in fall 2008 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The name was chosen by the staff of the show from a list they themselves had compiled . A test run of the show was made using the name Radar . Other possible names ( some clearly tongue-in-cheek ) included State-of the-Arts in Canada , Awesometown , Afternoon Delight , Smells like Canada , Full Duplex Repeater , Skybox Three ( the room in Torontos Rogers Centre where much of the show was created ) , Ghomers Pile , or one even closer to Jian Ghomeshi , the show host of Iranian descent , Royal Canadian Air Farsi . Names",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "a little closer to the mark included Studio Q and The Cue . According to Ghomeshi , A couple of the .. . suggestions came close , when the name Q was brought up there was a pause in the room and [ the Q team ] went Yes , thats it . It felt like the right name . Its an enigmatic letter [ they ] hope will become associated with the show .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Beginning in 2013 , a one-hour weekly spinoff series , Q The Music , was added to the CBC Music schedule , airing a selection of interviews and performances by musicians previously broadcast on the daily program . On April 15 , 2015 , the show changed its name to the lower case q . 2009 Thornton interview .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On April 8 , 2009 , Billy Bob Thornton and his musical group The Boxmasters made an appearance on Q that was widely criticized and received international attention after Thornton was persistently unintelligible and discourteous to Ghomeshi . Thornton eventually explained he had instructed the shows producers to not ask questions about his movie career . Ghomeshi had mentioned Thorntons acting in the introduction . Thornton had also complained Canadian audiences were like mashed potatoes without the gravy . The following night , opening for Willie Nelson at Torontos Massey Hall , Thornton said mid-set he liked Canadians but not",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Ghomeshi , which was greeted with boos and catcalls . The Boxmasters did not continue the tour in Canada as , according to Thornton , some of the crew and band had the flu .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Ghomeshi and comedian Alan Park made a mock follow-up interview promoting the 2009 Air Farce Live television special . The sketch has Ghomeshi asking Thornton ( Alan Park ) about his plans for New Years , leading to the actor responding similar answers to the April interview . The two continue to banter until they break character and laugh around .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Ghomeshi was fired from the CBC in October 2014 , amidst a mounting series of allegations that he had sexually assaulted a series of women , including former Q producer Kathryn Borel .",
"title": "Ghomeshis dismissal"
},
{
"text": "After his departure , the program was hosted by a rotating series of guest hosts , including existing CBC staffers such as Brent Bambury , Piya Chattopadhyay , Tom Power , Allan Hawco and Talia Schlanger , and outside figures such as Wab Kinew , Rachel Giese , Damian Abraham , Candy Palmater , Shad , Daniel Richler and Sean Rameswaram . Many of the guest hosts were effectively auditioning for a place on the shortlist of potential new permanent hosts .",
"title": "Ghomeshis dismissal"
},
{
"text": " During the transition process , the CBC faced controversy when it announced that it intended to remove all Ghomeshi-hosted segments of the program from its online archive of previously-broadcast content . They ultimately reversed this decision in the face of public disapproval , allowing the content to remain accessible online for the standard two-year period applicable to all other CBC content , but reaffirming that no content hosted by Ghomeshi will be re-aired on terrestrial radio .",
"title": "Ghomeshis dismissal"
},
{
"text": "Late in the guest-hosting phase , Measha Brueggergosman and Kevin Smith each hosted a single show as part of a Thursday surprise feature , in which the show would be turned over for one day to a guest host whose identity had not been announced in advance .",
"title": "Ghomeshis dismissal"
},
{
"text": " The final five shortlist of host candidates comprised Shad , Palmater , Richler , Rameswaram and Power . Shads selection was announced on March 10 , 2015 . His debut as host was on April 20 , with a live broadcast from the CBCs Glenn Gould Studio . Producers indicated that under Shad , the program would increase its focus on music and would adopt a looser , less structured format . Concurrently with Shads debut as host , the program also unveiled new theme music composed by Canadian musician Bahamas .",
"title": "Shad era"
},
{
"text": "Shad was replaced with Tom Power in August 2016 , as the programs ratings had declined significantly over the period when he hosted . Palmater returned as guest host of the show for the weeks between Shads departure and Powers debut . Concurrently with Power taking over the hosts chair , the show also debuted another new theme song , composed and performed by Ewan and Shamus Currie of The Sheepdogs through their side project BROS . Other regular contributors to the show include CBC Musics Raina Douris and Odario Williams , who appear as part of a weekly segment",
"title": "Tom Power era"
},
{
"text": "devoted to new album releases , and Jael Richardson as a book reviewer .",
"title": "Tom Power era"
},
{
"text": " Filmed footage of interviews and live musical performances from the radio program airs on CBC Television and YouTube .",
"title": "Television versions"
},
{
"text": "The show was syndicated from September 2014 until September 2016 for weekend airings to commercial television stations in the United States through PPI ( the former Program Partners ) , a major syndicator of Canadian programming into the American television market . Due to Ghomeshis dismissal from the CBC mere weeks after its premiere , the PPI version of the show had its format shifted abruptly to feature a best-of compilation of the weeks interviews and musical performances ( similar to some sports radio show television simulcasts ) with the shows interim hosts instead with Ghomeshis segments completely removed ,",
"title": "Television versions"
},
{
"text": "rather than the intended format of replays of archival content with Ghomeshi throughout several years . The show was effectively relaunched in early May 2015 with Shad taking a greater role in the PPI version of the series .",
"title": "Television versions"
},
{
"text": " - Q audio podcast RSS - Q video podcast RSS - Q TV at YouTube - The Story of Q",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Q_(radio_show)#P371#2
|
Who was the presenter of Q (radio show) in Jun 2016?
|
Q ( radio show ) Q ( styled q ) is a Canadian arts magazine show produced by and airing on CBC Radio One , with syndication to public radio stations in the United States through Public Radio Exchange . The program mainly features interviews with prominent cultural and entertainment figures , though subjects and interviewees also deal with broader cultural topics such as their social , political and business aspects , as well as weekly panels on television/film and music on Mondays and Fridays respectively . Though not the highest-rated show on CBC Radio One ( The Current and As It Happens hold that distinction ) , Q is the highest rated show in its timeslot in CBC history , surpassing even Peter Gzowski who previously hosted the second hour of Morningside during the slot . The show is also regarded as standing out in CBC Radio Ones schedule through attracting a younger , more social-media-adept audience than other CBC Radio programming . Q launched in April 2007 . It was hosted by Jian Ghomeshi until October 2014 . Shad was chosen by the CBC in March 2015 as Qs new permanent host . His official debut as host was April 20 . The show was also re-branded as q at the same time . In August 2016 , the CBC announced that Shad would be replaced as host by Tom Power , formerly the host of Radio 2 Morning , in the fall . Power debuted as host on October 24 , 2016 . From late March to May 15 , 2020 , due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada , the 10 a.m . broadcast of the program was suspended in favour of an extended broadcast of the networks morning news program The Current ; however , Power was heard on The Current as a contributor of arts stories during this period . New episodes of the program still aired in the evening repeat slot , and the program was temporarily added to the schedule of CBC Music , replacing that networks 7-8 p.m . hour of regular programming . Episodes . The program airs live Monday to Friday at 10:00 a.m . ( 10:30 NT ) for 90 minutes , and an abbreviated 60-minute edition is then repeated at 9 p.m . Due to lesser time restraints ( such as less time lost to news breaks ) the evening repeat is able to air all of the feature content from the 90-minute daytime edition , although some shorter interstitial segments may be edited out . Stations carrying the show in the United States also broadcast the one-hour edition . It is broadcast mostly from CBCs Toronto studios , although the show also sometimes airs special broadcasts from other Canadian cities . On Fridays , the show formerly aired for two hours , and included a theme called Friday Live , where featured musicians are invited for an interview primarily as the opening segment with live performances throughout the program . History . Q first aired on April 16 , 2007 , replacing Freestyle in the networks afternoon programming block . It moved to its current time slot , replacing Sounds Like Canada , in fall 2008 . The name was chosen by the staff of the show from a list they themselves had compiled . A test run of the show was made using the name Radar . Other possible names ( some clearly tongue-in-cheek ) included State-of the-Arts in Canada , Awesometown , Afternoon Delight , Smells like Canada , Full Duplex Repeater , Skybox Three ( the room in Torontos Rogers Centre where much of the show was created ) , Ghomers Pile , or one even closer to Jian Ghomeshi , the show host of Iranian descent , Royal Canadian Air Farsi . Names a little closer to the mark included Studio Q and The Cue . According to Ghomeshi , A couple of the .. . suggestions came close , when the name Q was brought up there was a pause in the room and [ the Q team ] went Yes , thats it . It felt like the right name . Its an enigmatic letter [ they ] hope will become associated with the show . Beginning in 2013 , a one-hour weekly spinoff series , Q The Music , was added to the CBC Music schedule , airing a selection of interviews and performances by musicians previously broadcast on the daily program . On April 15 , 2015 , the show changed its name to the lower case q . 2009 Thornton interview . On April 8 , 2009 , Billy Bob Thornton and his musical group The Boxmasters made an appearance on Q that was widely criticized and received international attention after Thornton was persistently unintelligible and discourteous to Ghomeshi . Thornton eventually explained he had instructed the shows producers to not ask questions about his movie career . Ghomeshi had mentioned Thorntons acting in the introduction . Thornton had also complained Canadian audiences were like mashed potatoes without the gravy . The following night , opening for Willie Nelson at Torontos Massey Hall , Thornton said mid-set he liked Canadians but not Ghomeshi , which was greeted with boos and catcalls . The Boxmasters did not continue the tour in Canada as , according to Thornton , some of the crew and band had the flu . Ghomeshi and comedian Alan Park made a mock follow-up interview promoting the 2009 Air Farce Live television special . The sketch has Ghomeshi asking Thornton ( Alan Park ) about his plans for New Years , leading to the actor responding similar answers to the April interview . The two continue to banter until they break character and laugh around . Ghomeshis dismissal . Ghomeshi was fired from the CBC in October 2014 , amidst a mounting series of allegations that he had sexually assaulted a series of women , including former Q producer Kathryn Borel . After his departure , the program was hosted by a rotating series of guest hosts , including existing CBC staffers such as Brent Bambury , Piya Chattopadhyay , Tom Power , Allan Hawco and Talia Schlanger , and outside figures such as Wab Kinew , Rachel Giese , Damian Abraham , Candy Palmater , Shad , Daniel Richler and Sean Rameswaram . Many of the guest hosts were effectively auditioning for a place on the shortlist of potential new permanent hosts . During the transition process , the CBC faced controversy when it announced that it intended to remove all Ghomeshi-hosted segments of the program from its online archive of previously-broadcast content . They ultimately reversed this decision in the face of public disapproval , allowing the content to remain accessible online for the standard two-year period applicable to all other CBC content , but reaffirming that no content hosted by Ghomeshi will be re-aired on terrestrial radio . Late in the guest-hosting phase , Measha Brueggergosman and Kevin Smith each hosted a single show as part of a Thursday surprise feature , in which the show would be turned over for one day to a guest host whose identity had not been announced in advance . Shad era . The final five shortlist of host candidates comprised Shad , Palmater , Richler , Rameswaram and Power . Shads selection was announced on March 10 , 2015 . His debut as host was on April 20 , with a live broadcast from the CBCs Glenn Gould Studio . Producers indicated that under Shad , the program would increase its focus on music and would adopt a looser , less structured format . Concurrently with Shads debut as host , the program also unveiled new theme music composed by Canadian musician Bahamas . Tom Power era . Shad was replaced with Tom Power in August 2016 , as the programs ratings had declined significantly over the period when he hosted . Palmater returned as guest host of the show for the weeks between Shads departure and Powers debut . Concurrently with Power taking over the hosts chair , the show also debuted another new theme song , composed and performed by Ewan and Shamus Currie of The Sheepdogs through their side project BROS . Other regular contributors to the show include CBC Musics Raina Douris and Odario Williams , who appear as part of a weekly segment devoted to new album releases , and Jael Richardson as a book reviewer . Television versions . Filmed footage of interviews and live musical performances from the radio program airs on CBC Television and YouTube . The show was syndicated from September 2014 until September 2016 for weekend airings to commercial television stations in the United States through PPI ( the former Program Partners ) , a major syndicator of Canadian programming into the American television market . Due to Ghomeshis dismissal from the CBC mere weeks after its premiere , the PPI version of the show had its format shifted abruptly to feature a best-of compilation of the weeks interviews and musical performances ( similar to some sports radio show television simulcasts ) with the shows interim hosts instead with Ghomeshis segments completely removed , rather than the intended format of replays of archival content with Ghomeshi throughout several years . The show was effectively relaunched in early May 2015 with Shad taking a greater role in the PPI version of the series . External links . - Q audio podcast RSS - Q video podcast RSS - Q TV at YouTube - The Story of Q
|
[
"Tom Power"
] |
[
{
"text": " Q ( styled q ) is a Canadian arts magazine show produced by and airing on CBC Radio One , with syndication to public radio stations in the United States through Public Radio Exchange . The program mainly features interviews with prominent cultural and entertainment figures , though subjects and interviewees also deal with broader cultural topics such as their social , political and business aspects , as well as weekly panels on television/film and music on Mondays and Fridays respectively .",
"title": "Q ( radio show )"
},
{
"text": "Though not the highest-rated show on CBC Radio One ( The Current and As It Happens hold that distinction ) , Q is the highest rated show in its timeslot in CBC history , surpassing even Peter Gzowski who previously hosted the second hour of Morningside during the slot . The show is also regarded as standing out in CBC Radio Ones schedule through attracting a younger , more social-media-adept audience than other CBC Radio programming .",
"title": "Q ( radio show )"
},
{
"text": " Q launched in April 2007 . It was hosted by Jian Ghomeshi until October 2014 . Shad was chosen by the CBC in March 2015 as Qs new permanent host . His official debut as host was April 20 . The show was also re-branded as q at the same time . In August 2016 , the CBC announced that Shad would be replaced as host by Tom Power , formerly the host of Radio 2 Morning , in the fall . Power debuted as host on October 24 , 2016 .",
"title": "Q ( radio show )"
},
{
"text": "From late March to May 15 , 2020 , due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada , the 10 a.m . broadcast of the program was suspended in favour of an extended broadcast of the networks morning news program The Current ; however , Power was heard on The Current as a contributor of arts stories during this period . New episodes of the program still aired in the evening repeat slot , and the program was temporarily added to the schedule of CBC Music , replacing that networks 7-8 p.m . hour of regular programming .",
"title": "Q ( radio show )"
},
{
"text": " The program airs live Monday to Friday at 10:00 a.m . ( 10:30 NT ) for 90 minutes , and an abbreviated 60-minute edition is then repeated at 9 p.m . Due to lesser time restraints ( such as less time lost to news breaks ) the evening repeat is able to air all of the feature content from the 90-minute daytime edition , although some shorter interstitial segments may be edited out . Stations carrying the show in the United States also broadcast the one-hour edition .",
"title": "Episodes"
},
{
"text": "It is broadcast mostly from CBCs Toronto studios , although the show also sometimes airs special broadcasts from other Canadian cities .",
"title": "Episodes"
},
{
"text": " On Fridays , the show formerly aired for two hours , and included a theme called Friday Live , where featured musicians are invited for an interview primarily as the opening segment with live performances throughout the program .",
"title": "Episodes"
},
{
"text": " Q first aired on April 16 , 2007 , replacing Freestyle in the networks afternoon programming block . It moved to its current time slot , replacing Sounds Like Canada , in fall 2008 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The name was chosen by the staff of the show from a list they themselves had compiled . A test run of the show was made using the name Radar . Other possible names ( some clearly tongue-in-cheek ) included State-of the-Arts in Canada , Awesometown , Afternoon Delight , Smells like Canada , Full Duplex Repeater , Skybox Three ( the room in Torontos Rogers Centre where much of the show was created ) , Ghomers Pile , or one even closer to Jian Ghomeshi , the show host of Iranian descent , Royal Canadian Air Farsi . Names",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "a little closer to the mark included Studio Q and The Cue . According to Ghomeshi , A couple of the .. . suggestions came close , when the name Q was brought up there was a pause in the room and [ the Q team ] went Yes , thats it . It felt like the right name . Its an enigmatic letter [ they ] hope will become associated with the show .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Beginning in 2013 , a one-hour weekly spinoff series , Q The Music , was added to the CBC Music schedule , airing a selection of interviews and performances by musicians previously broadcast on the daily program . On April 15 , 2015 , the show changed its name to the lower case q . 2009 Thornton interview .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "On April 8 , 2009 , Billy Bob Thornton and his musical group The Boxmasters made an appearance on Q that was widely criticized and received international attention after Thornton was persistently unintelligible and discourteous to Ghomeshi . Thornton eventually explained he had instructed the shows producers to not ask questions about his movie career . Ghomeshi had mentioned Thorntons acting in the introduction . Thornton had also complained Canadian audiences were like mashed potatoes without the gravy . The following night , opening for Willie Nelson at Torontos Massey Hall , Thornton said mid-set he liked Canadians but not",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Ghomeshi , which was greeted with boos and catcalls . The Boxmasters did not continue the tour in Canada as , according to Thornton , some of the crew and band had the flu .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Ghomeshi and comedian Alan Park made a mock follow-up interview promoting the 2009 Air Farce Live television special . The sketch has Ghomeshi asking Thornton ( Alan Park ) about his plans for New Years , leading to the actor responding similar answers to the April interview . The two continue to banter until they break character and laugh around .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Ghomeshi was fired from the CBC in October 2014 , amidst a mounting series of allegations that he had sexually assaulted a series of women , including former Q producer Kathryn Borel .",
"title": "Ghomeshis dismissal"
},
{
"text": "After his departure , the program was hosted by a rotating series of guest hosts , including existing CBC staffers such as Brent Bambury , Piya Chattopadhyay , Tom Power , Allan Hawco and Talia Schlanger , and outside figures such as Wab Kinew , Rachel Giese , Damian Abraham , Candy Palmater , Shad , Daniel Richler and Sean Rameswaram . Many of the guest hosts were effectively auditioning for a place on the shortlist of potential new permanent hosts .",
"title": "Ghomeshis dismissal"
},
{
"text": " During the transition process , the CBC faced controversy when it announced that it intended to remove all Ghomeshi-hosted segments of the program from its online archive of previously-broadcast content . They ultimately reversed this decision in the face of public disapproval , allowing the content to remain accessible online for the standard two-year period applicable to all other CBC content , but reaffirming that no content hosted by Ghomeshi will be re-aired on terrestrial radio .",
"title": "Ghomeshis dismissal"
},
{
"text": "Late in the guest-hosting phase , Measha Brueggergosman and Kevin Smith each hosted a single show as part of a Thursday surprise feature , in which the show would be turned over for one day to a guest host whose identity had not been announced in advance .",
"title": "Ghomeshis dismissal"
},
{
"text": " The final five shortlist of host candidates comprised Shad , Palmater , Richler , Rameswaram and Power . Shads selection was announced on March 10 , 2015 . His debut as host was on April 20 , with a live broadcast from the CBCs Glenn Gould Studio . Producers indicated that under Shad , the program would increase its focus on music and would adopt a looser , less structured format . Concurrently with Shads debut as host , the program also unveiled new theme music composed by Canadian musician Bahamas .",
"title": "Shad era"
},
{
"text": "Shad was replaced with Tom Power in August 2016 , as the programs ratings had declined significantly over the period when he hosted . Palmater returned as guest host of the show for the weeks between Shads departure and Powers debut . Concurrently with Power taking over the hosts chair , the show also debuted another new theme song , composed and performed by Ewan and Shamus Currie of The Sheepdogs through their side project BROS . Other regular contributors to the show include CBC Musics Raina Douris and Odario Williams , who appear as part of a weekly segment",
"title": "Tom Power era"
},
{
"text": "devoted to new album releases , and Jael Richardson as a book reviewer .",
"title": "Tom Power era"
},
{
"text": " Filmed footage of interviews and live musical performances from the radio program airs on CBC Television and YouTube .",
"title": "Television versions"
},
{
"text": "The show was syndicated from September 2014 until September 2016 for weekend airings to commercial television stations in the United States through PPI ( the former Program Partners ) , a major syndicator of Canadian programming into the American television market . Due to Ghomeshis dismissal from the CBC mere weeks after its premiere , the PPI version of the show had its format shifted abruptly to feature a best-of compilation of the weeks interviews and musical performances ( similar to some sports radio show television simulcasts ) with the shows interim hosts instead with Ghomeshis segments completely removed ,",
"title": "Television versions"
},
{
"text": "rather than the intended format of replays of archival content with Ghomeshi throughout several years . The show was effectively relaunched in early May 2015 with Shad taking a greater role in the PPI version of the series .",
"title": "Television versions"
},
{
"text": " - Q audio podcast RSS - Q video podcast RSS - Q TV at YouTube - The Story of Q",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Howard_Opinsky#P39#0
|
Which position did Howard Opinsky hold before Aug 1999?
|
Howard Opinsky Howard Opinsky is a business and political communications strategist and a special advisor to digital reputation management company Five Blocks . He was the national press secretary for U.S . Senator John McCain’s ( R-AZ ) 2000 presidential campaign . He was also a campaign strategist and spokesman for other Republican candidates at the national and state levels . Opinsky has been quoted in the media as a spokesman for candidates and causes and as a political strategist commenting on a variety of breaking news events . He has also been a guest lecturer at Harvard , Penn State , and various trade groups to discuss communication , the media , and politics . He was the executive vice president at Powell Tate , the Washington , D.C . office of Weber Shandwick . He was the executive vice president and leader of the US Corporate Advisory Practice of Hill+Knowlton Strategies and the managing director of Global Corporate Communications at JPMorgan Chase & Co . A veteran communication strategist and counselor to CEOs and senior executives , he has helped build , position , and protect some of the world’s best known brands . Education . Opinsky earned a B.A in political communication in 1991 from The George Washington University . Career . Five Blocks . In February 2018 Opinsky joined digital reputation management company Five Blocks as president . Hill+Knowlton Strategies . Opinsky was appointed executive vice president and general manager of H+K Strategies , Washington , DC office on March 1 , 2012 . JP Morgan Chase & Co. . On January 11 , 2011 Opinsky was named managing director of communication at JP Morgan Chase & Co . Powell Tate . Opinsky spent ten years at Powell Tate , Weber Shandwicks public affairs brand , and was the head of the corporate and public affairs groups at Powell Tate . In addition to his direct client work , he was responsible for developing new business strategies for crisis , corporate , and public affairs clients across all business sectors . Opinsky was the primary communication advisor and spokesman for former AIG Chairman and CEO Maurice “Hank” Greenberg . Mr . Greenberg fought a highly publicized battle to maintain his reputation amid a civil lawsuit from New York Attorney General Elliot Spitzer and investigations by the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission . Opinsky provided strategic communication counsel to the Business Roundtable’s Energy Task Force and the U.S . Climate Action Partnership ( USCAP ) , two CEO-level organizations promoting comprehensive energy reform plans . In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on September 11 , Opinsky was tapped by then-Mayor Rudy Giuliani to advise on communications about the relief effort . Political career . As national press secretary for Senator McCain’s 2000 presidential bid , Opinsky designed , managed and led the media strategy that came to be known as the “Straight Talk Express.” The landmark strategy rested on open media access to the candidate , operatives , and behind the scenes of the campaign . Opinsky was responsible for the campaign’s media communication and was the primary spokesperson from the campaign’s inception to its final day . Opinsky has also served as a media strategist and campaign operative for a variety of candidates and political leaders including U.S . Senator Richard Shelby ( R-AL ) and former U.S . Senator Phil Gramm ( R-TX ) . In 2020 , he endorsed McCains vice presidential opponent Joe Biden for president . Personal life . Opinsky lives in Washington , D.C . with his wife , Colleen Connors , and their two daughters , and golden retriever .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Howard Opinsky is a business and political communications strategist and a special advisor to digital reputation management company Five Blocks . He was the national press secretary for U.S . Senator John McCain’s ( R-AZ ) 2000 presidential campaign . He was also a campaign strategist and spokesman for other Republican candidates at the national and state levels .",
"title": "Howard Opinsky"
},
{
"text": "Opinsky has been quoted in the media as a spokesman for candidates and causes and as a political strategist commenting on a variety of breaking news events . He has also been a guest lecturer at Harvard , Penn State , and various trade groups to discuss communication , the media , and politics .",
"title": "Howard Opinsky"
},
{
"text": " He was the executive vice president at Powell Tate , the Washington , D.C . office of Weber Shandwick . He was the executive vice president and leader of the US Corporate Advisory Practice of Hill+Knowlton Strategies and the managing director of Global Corporate Communications at JPMorgan Chase & Co . A veteran communication strategist and counselor to CEOs and senior executives , he has helped build , position , and protect some of the world’s best known brands .",
"title": "Howard Opinsky"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky earned a B.A in political communication in 1991 from The George Washington University .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky was appointed executive vice president and general manager of H+K Strategies , Washington , DC office on March 1 , 2012 . JP Morgan Chase & Co. . On January 11 , 2011 Opinsky was named managing director of communication at JP Morgan Chase & Co .",
"title": "Hill+Knowlton Strategies"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky spent ten years at Powell Tate , Weber Shandwicks public affairs brand , and was the head of the corporate and public affairs groups at Powell Tate . In addition to his direct client work , he was responsible for developing new business strategies for crisis , corporate , and public affairs clients across all business sectors .",
"title": "Powell Tate"
},
{
"text": "Opinsky was the primary communication advisor and spokesman for former AIG Chairman and CEO Maurice “Hank” Greenberg . Mr . Greenberg fought a highly publicized battle to maintain his reputation amid a civil lawsuit from New York Attorney General Elliot Spitzer and investigations by the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission . Opinsky provided strategic communication counsel to the Business Roundtable’s Energy Task Force and the U.S . Climate Action Partnership ( USCAP ) , two CEO-level organizations promoting comprehensive energy reform plans .",
"title": "Powell Tate"
},
{
"text": " In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on September 11 , Opinsky was tapped by then-Mayor Rudy Giuliani to advise on communications about the relief effort .",
"title": "Powell Tate"
},
{
"text": " As national press secretary for Senator McCain’s 2000 presidential bid , Opinsky designed , managed and led the media strategy that came to be known as the “Straight Talk Express.” The landmark strategy rested on open media access to the candidate , operatives , and behind the scenes of the campaign . Opinsky was responsible for the campaign’s media communication and was the primary spokesperson from the campaign’s inception to its final day .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Opinsky has also served as a media strategist and campaign operative for a variety of candidates and political leaders including U.S . Senator Richard Shelby ( R-AL ) and former U.S . Senator Phil Gramm ( R-TX ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky lives in Washington , D.C . with his wife , Colleen Connors , and their two daughters , and golden retriever .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Howard_Opinsky#P39#1
|
Which position did Howard Opinsky hold in late 2000s?
|
Howard Opinsky Howard Opinsky is a business and political communications strategist and a special advisor to digital reputation management company Five Blocks . He was the national press secretary for U.S . Senator John McCain’s ( R-AZ ) 2000 presidential campaign . He was also a campaign strategist and spokesman for other Republican candidates at the national and state levels . Opinsky has been quoted in the media as a spokesman for candidates and causes and as a political strategist commenting on a variety of breaking news events . He has also been a guest lecturer at Harvard , Penn State , and various trade groups to discuss communication , the media , and politics . He was the executive vice president at Powell Tate , the Washington , D.C . office of Weber Shandwick . He was the executive vice president and leader of the US Corporate Advisory Practice of Hill+Knowlton Strategies and the managing director of Global Corporate Communications at JPMorgan Chase & Co . A veteran communication strategist and counselor to CEOs and senior executives , he has helped build , position , and protect some of the world’s best known brands . Education . Opinsky earned a B.A in political communication in 1991 from The George Washington University . Career . Five Blocks . In February 2018 Opinsky joined digital reputation management company Five Blocks as president . Hill+Knowlton Strategies . Opinsky was appointed executive vice president and general manager of H+K Strategies , Washington , DC office on March 1 , 2012 . JP Morgan Chase & Co. . On January 11 , 2011 Opinsky was named managing director of communication at JP Morgan Chase & Co . Powell Tate . Opinsky spent ten years at Powell Tate , Weber Shandwicks public affairs brand , and was the head of the corporate and public affairs groups at Powell Tate . In addition to his direct client work , he was responsible for developing new business strategies for crisis , corporate , and public affairs clients across all business sectors . Opinsky was the primary communication advisor and spokesman for former AIG Chairman and CEO Maurice “Hank” Greenberg . Mr . Greenberg fought a highly publicized battle to maintain his reputation amid a civil lawsuit from New York Attorney General Elliot Spitzer and investigations by the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission . Opinsky provided strategic communication counsel to the Business Roundtable’s Energy Task Force and the U.S . Climate Action Partnership ( USCAP ) , two CEO-level organizations promoting comprehensive energy reform plans . In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on September 11 , Opinsky was tapped by then-Mayor Rudy Giuliani to advise on communications about the relief effort . Political career . As national press secretary for Senator McCain’s 2000 presidential bid , Opinsky designed , managed and led the media strategy that came to be known as the “Straight Talk Express.” The landmark strategy rested on open media access to the candidate , operatives , and behind the scenes of the campaign . Opinsky was responsible for the campaign’s media communication and was the primary spokesperson from the campaign’s inception to its final day . Opinsky has also served as a media strategist and campaign operative for a variety of candidates and political leaders including U.S . Senator Richard Shelby ( R-AL ) and former U.S . Senator Phil Gramm ( R-TX ) . In 2020 , he endorsed McCains vice presidential opponent Joe Biden for president . Personal life . Opinsky lives in Washington , D.C . with his wife , Colleen Connors , and their two daughters , and golden retriever .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Howard Opinsky is a business and political communications strategist and a special advisor to digital reputation management company Five Blocks . He was the national press secretary for U.S . Senator John McCain’s ( R-AZ ) 2000 presidential campaign . He was also a campaign strategist and spokesman for other Republican candidates at the national and state levels .",
"title": "Howard Opinsky"
},
{
"text": "Opinsky has been quoted in the media as a spokesman for candidates and causes and as a political strategist commenting on a variety of breaking news events . He has also been a guest lecturer at Harvard , Penn State , and various trade groups to discuss communication , the media , and politics .",
"title": "Howard Opinsky"
},
{
"text": " He was the executive vice president at Powell Tate , the Washington , D.C . office of Weber Shandwick . He was the executive vice president and leader of the US Corporate Advisory Practice of Hill+Knowlton Strategies and the managing director of Global Corporate Communications at JPMorgan Chase & Co . A veteran communication strategist and counselor to CEOs and senior executives , he has helped build , position , and protect some of the world’s best known brands .",
"title": "Howard Opinsky"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky earned a B.A in political communication in 1991 from The George Washington University .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky was appointed executive vice president and general manager of H+K Strategies , Washington , DC office on March 1 , 2012 . JP Morgan Chase & Co. . On January 11 , 2011 Opinsky was named managing director of communication at JP Morgan Chase & Co .",
"title": "Hill+Knowlton Strategies"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky spent ten years at Powell Tate , Weber Shandwicks public affairs brand , and was the head of the corporate and public affairs groups at Powell Tate . In addition to his direct client work , he was responsible for developing new business strategies for crisis , corporate , and public affairs clients across all business sectors .",
"title": "Powell Tate"
},
{
"text": "Opinsky was the primary communication advisor and spokesman for former AIG Chairman and CEO Maurice “Hank” Greenberg . Mr . Greenberg fought a highly publicized battle to maintain his reputation amid a civil lawsuit from New York Attorney General Elliot Spitzer and investigations by the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission . Opinsky provided strategic communication counsel to the Business Roundtable’s Energy Task Force and the U.S . Climate Action Partnership ( USCAP ) , two CEO-level organizations promoting comprehensive energy reform plans .",
"title": "Powell Tate"
},
{
"text": " In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on September 11 , Opinsky was tapped by then-Mayor Rudy Giuliani to advise on communications about the relief effort .",
"title": "Powell Tate"
},
{
"text": " As national press secretary for Senator McCain’s 2000 presidential bid , Opinsky designed , managed and led the media strategy that came to be known as the “Straight Talk Express.” The landmark strategy rested on open media access to the candidate , operatives , and behind the scenes of the campaign . Opinsky was responsible for the campaign’s media communication and was the primary spokesperson from the campaign’s inception to its final day .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Opinsky has also served as a media strategist and campaign operative for a variety of candidates and political leaders including U.S . Senator Richard Shelby ( R-AL ) and former U.S . Senator Phil Gramm ( R-TX ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky lives in Washington , D.C . with his wife , Colleen Connors , and their two daughters , and golden retriever .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Howard_Opinsky#P39#2
|
Which position did Howard Opinsky hold between Aug 2011 and Sep 2011?
|
Howard Opinsky Howard Opinsky is a business and political communications strategist and a special advisor to digital reputation management company Five Blocks . He was the national press secretary for U.S . Senator John McCain’s ( R-AZ ) 2000 presidential campaign . He was also a campaign strategist and spokesman for other Republican candidates at the national and state levels . Opinsky has been quoted in the media as a spokesman for candidates and causes and as a political strategist commenting on a variety of breaking news events . He has also been a guest lecturer at Harvard , Penn State , and various trade groups to discuss communication , the media , and politics . He was the executive vice president at Powell Tate , the Washington , D.C . office of Weber Shandwick . He was the executive vice president and leader of the US Corporate Advisory Practice of Hill+Knowlton Strategies and the managing director of Global Corporate Communications at JPMorgan Chase & Co . A veteran communication strategist and counselor to CEOs and senior executives , he has helped build , position , and protect some of the world’s best known brands . Education . Opinsky earned a B.A in political communication in 1991 from The George Washington University . Career . Five Blocks . In February 2018 Opinsky joined digital reputation management company Five Blocks as president . Hill+Knowlton Strategies . Opinsky was appointed executive vice president and general manager of H+K Strategies , Washington , DC office on March 1 , 2012 . JP Morgan Chase & Co. . On January 11 , 2011 Opinsky was named managing director of communication at JP Morgan Chase & Co . Powell Tate . Opinsky spent ten years at Powell Tate , Weber Shandwicks public affairs brand , and was the head of the corporate and public affairs groups at Powell Tate . In addition to his direct client work , he was responsible for developing new business strategies for crisis , corporate , and public affairs clients across all business sectors . Opinsky was the primary communication advisor and spokesman for former AIG Chairman and CEO Maurice “Hank” Greenberg . Mr . Greenberg fought a highly publicized battle to maintain his reputation amid a civil lawsuit from New York Attorney General Elliot Spitzer and investigations by the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission . Opinsky provided strategic communication counsel to the Business Roundtable’s Energy Task Force and the U.S . Climate Action Partnership ( USCAP ) , two CEO-level organizations promoting comprehensive energy reform plans . In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on September 11 , Opinsky was tapped by then-Mayor Rudy Giuliani to advise on communications about the relief effort . Political career . As national press secretary for Senator McCain’s 2000 presidential bid , Opinsky designed , managed and led the media strategy that came to be known as the “Straight Talk Express.” The landmark strategy rested on open media access to the candidate , operatives , and behind the scenes of the campaign . Opinsky was responsible for the campaign’s media communication and was the primary spokesperson from the campaign’s inception to its final day . Opinsky has also served as a media strategist and campaign operative for a variety of candidates and political leaders including U.S . Senator Richard Shelby ( R-AL ) and former U.S . Senator Phil Gramm ( R-TX ) . In 2020 , he endorsed McCains vice presidential opponent Joe Biden for president . Personal life . Opinsky lives in Washington , D.C . with his wife , Colleen Connors , and their two daughters , and golden retriever .
|
[
"director of communication at JP Morgan Chase & Co"
] |
[
{
"text": " Howard Opinsky is a business and political communications strategist and a special advisor to digital reputation management company Five Blocks . He was the national press secretary for U.S . Senator John McCain’s ( R-AZ ) 2000 presidential campaign . He was also a campaign strategist and spokesman for other Republican candidates at the national and state levels .",
"title": "Howard Opinsky"
},
{
"text": "Opinsky has been quoted in the media as a spokesman for candidates and causes and as a political strategist commenting on a variety of breaking news events . He has also been a guest lecturer at Harvard , Penn State , and various trade groups to discuss communication , the media , and politics .",
"title": "Howard Opinsky"
},
{
"text": " He was the executive vice president at Powell Tate , the Washington , D.C . office of Weber Shandwick . He was the executive vice president and leader of the US Corporate Advisory Practice of Hill+Knowlton Strategies and the managing director of Global Corporate Communications at JPMorgan Chase & Co . A veteran communication strategist and counselor to CEOs and senior executives , he has helped build , position , and protect some of the world’s best known brands .",
"title": "Howard Opinsky"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky earned a B.A in political communication in 1991 from The George Washington University .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky was appointed executive vice president and general manager of H+K Strategies , Washington , DC office on March 1 , 2012 . JP Morgan Chase & Co. . On January 11 , 2011 Opinsky was named managing director of communication at JP Morgan Chase & Co .",
"title": "Hill+Knowlton Strategies"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky spent ten years at Powell Tate , Weber Shandwicks public affairs brand , and was the head of the corporate and public affairs groups at Powell Tate . In addition to his direct client work , he was responsible for developing new business strategies for crisis , corporate , and public affairs clients across all business sectors .",
"title": "Powell Tate"
},
{
"text": "Opinsky was the primary communication advisor and spokesman for former AIG Chairman and CEO Maurice “Hank” Greenberg . Mr . Greenberg fought a highly publicized battle to maintain his reputation amid a civil lawsuit from New York Attorney General Elliot Spitzer and investigations by the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission . Opinsky provided strategic communication counsel to the Business Roundtable’s Energy Task Force and the U.S . Climate Action Partnership ( USCAP ) , two CEO-level organizations promoting comprehensive energy reform plans .",
"title": "Powell Tate"
},
{
"text": " In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on September 11 , Opinsky was tapped by then-Mayor Rudy Giuliani to advise on communications about the relief effort .",
"title": "Powell Tate"
},
{
"text": " As national press secretary for Senator McCain’s 2000 presidential bid , Opinsky designed , managed and led the media strategy that came to be known as the “Straight Talk Express.” The landmark strategy rested on open media access to the candidate , operatives , and behind the scenes of the campaign . Opinsky was responsible for the campaign’s media communication and was the primary spokesperson from the campaign’s inception to its final day .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Opinsky has also served as a media strategist and campaign operative for a variety of candidates and political leaders including U.S . Senator Richard Shelby ( R-AL ) and former U.S . Senator Phil Gramm ( R-TX ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky lives in Washington , D.C . with his wife , Colleen Connors , and their two daughters , and golden retriever .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Howard_Opinsky#P39#3
|
Which position did Howard Opinsky hold between Aug 2018 and Sep 2018?
|
Howard Opinsky Howard Opinsky is a business and political communications strategist and a special advisor to digital reputation management company Five Blocks . He was the national press secretary for U.S . Senator John McCain’s ( R-AZ ) 2000 presidential campaign . He was also a campaign strategist and spokesman for other Republican candidates at the national and state levels . Opinsky has been quoted in the media as a spokesman for candidates and causes and as a political strategist commenting on a variety of breaking news events . He has also been a guest lecturer at Harvard , Penn State , and various trade groups to discuss communication , the media , and politics . He was the executive vice president at Powell Tate , the Washington , D.C . office of Weber Shandwick . He was the executive vice president and leader of the US Corporate Advisory Practice of Hill+Knowlton Strategies and the managing director of Global Corporate Communications at JPMorgan Chase & Co . A veteran communication strategist and counselor to CEOs and senior executives , he has helped build , position , and protect some of the world’s best known brands . Education . Opinsky earned a B.A in political communication in 1991 from The George Washington University . Career . Five Blocks . In February 2018 Opinsky joined digital reputation management company Five Blocks as president . Hill+Knowlton Strategies . Opinsky was appointed executive vice president and general manager of H+K Strategies , Washington , DC office on March 1 , 2012 . JP Morgan Chase & Co. . On January 11 , 2011 Opinsky was named managing director of communication at JP Morgan Chase & Co . Powell Tate . Opinsky spent ten years at Powell Tate , Weber Shandwicks public affairs brand , and was the head of the corporate and public affairs groups at Powell Tate . In addition to his direct client work , he was responsible for developing new business strategies for crisis , corporate , and public affairs clients across all business sectors . Opinsky was the primary communication advisor and spokesman for former AIG Chairman and CEO Maurice “Hank” Greenberg . Mr . Greenberg fought a highly publicized battle to maintain his reputation amid a civil lawsuit from New York Attorney General Elliot Spitzer and investigations by the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission . Opinsky provided strategic communication counsel to the Business Roundtable’s Energy Task Force and the U.S . Climate Action Partnership ( USCAP ) , two CEO-level organizations promoting comprehensive energy reform plans . In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on September 11 , Opinsky was tapped by then-Mayor Rudy Giuliani to advise on communications about the relief effort . Political career . As national press secretary for Senator McCain’s 2000 presidential bid , Opinsky designed , managed and led the media strategy that came to be known as the “Straight Talk Express.” The landmark strategy rested on open media access to the candidate , operatives , and behind the scenes of the campaign . Opinsky was responsible for the campaign’s media communication and was the primary spokesperson from the campaign’s inception to its final day . Opinsky has also served as a media strategist and campaign operative for a variety of candidates and political leaders including U.S . Senator Richard Shelby ( R-AL ) and former U.S . Senator Phil Gramm ( R-TX ) . In 2020 , he endorsed McCains vice presidential opponent Joe Biden for president . Personal life . Opinsky lives in Washington , D.C . with his wife , Colleen Connors , and their two daughters , and golden retriever .
|
[
"president"
] |
[
{
"text": " Howard Opinsky is a business and political communications strategist and a special advisor to digital reputation management company Five Blocks . He was the national press secretary for U.S . Senator John McCain’s ( R-AZ ) 2000 presidential campaign . He was also a campaign strategist and spokesman for other Republican candidates at the national and state levels .",
"title": "Howard Opinsky"
},
{
"text": "Opinsky has been quoted in the media as a spokesman for candidates and causes and as a political strategist commenting on a variety of breaking news events . He has also been a guest lecturer at Harvard , Penn State , and various trade groups to discuss communication , the media , and politics .",
"title": "Howard Opinsky"
},
{
"text": " He was the executive vice president at Powell Tate , the Washington , D.C . office of Weber Shandwick . He was the executive vice president and leader of the US Corporate Advisory Practice of Hill+Knowlton Strategies and the managing director of Global Corporate Communications at JPMorgan Chase & Co . A veteran communication strategist and counselor to CEOs and senior executives , he has helped build , position , and protect some of the world’s best known brands .",
"title": "Howard Opinsky"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky earned a B.A in political communication in 1991 from The George Washington University .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky was appointed executive vice president and general manager of H+K Strategies , Washington , DC office on March 1 , 2012 . JP Morgan Chase & Co. . On January 11 , 2011 Opinsky was named managing director of communication at JP Morgan Chase & Co .",
"title": "Hill+Knowlton Strategies"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky spent ten years at Powell Tate , Weber Shandwicks public affairs brand , and was the head of the corporate and public affairs groups at Powell Tate . In addition to his direct client work , he was responsible for developing new business strategies for crisis , corporate , and public affairs clients across all business sectors .",
"title": "Powell Tate"
},
{
"text": "Opinsky was the primary communication advisor and spokesman for former AIG Chairman and CEO Maurice “Hank” Greenberg . Mr . Greenberg fought a highly publicized battle to maintain his reputation amid a civil lawsuit from New York Attorney General Elliot Spitzer and investigations by the U.S . Department of Justice and the U.S . Securities and Exchange Commission . Opinsky provided strategic communication counsel to the Business Roundtable’s Energy Task Force and the U.S . Climate Action Partnership ( USCAP ) , two CEO-level organizations promoting comprehensive energy reform plans .",
"title": "Powell Tate"
},
{
"text": " In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on September 11 , Opinsky was tapped by then-Mayor Rudy Giuliani to advise on communications about the relief effort .",
"title": "Powell Tate"
},
{
"text": " As national press secretary for Senator McCain’s 2000 presidential bid , Opinsky designed , managed and led the media strategy that came to be known as the “Straight Talk Express.” The landmark strategy rested on open media access to the candidate , operatives , and behind the scenes of the campaign . Opinsky was responsible for the campaign’s media communication and was the primary spokesperson from the campaign’s inception to its final day .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Opinsky has also served as a media strategist and campaign operative for a variety of candidates and political leaders including U.S . Senator Richard Shelby ( R-AL ) and former U.S . Senator Phil Gramm ( R-TX ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Opinsky lives in Washington , D.C . with his wife , Colleen Connors , and their two daughters , and golden retriever .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Ratmir_Kholmov#P2962#0
|
Which title was conferred to Ratmir Kholmov in 1960?
|
Ratmir Kholmov Ratmir Dmitrievich Kholmov ( Russian : Ратмир Дмитриевич Холмов ) ( 13 May 1925 in Shenkursk – 18 February 2006 in Moscow ) was a Russian chess Grandmaster . He won many international tournaments in Eastern Europe during his career , and tied for the Soviet Championship title in 1963 , but lost the playoff . Kholmov was not well known in the West , since he never competed there during his career peak , being confined to events in socialist countries . His chess results were impressive , so this may have been for security reasons , as Kholmov had been a wartime sailor . But he was one of the strongest Soviet players from the mid-1950s well into the 1970s , and was ranked as high as No . 8 in the world by Chessmetrics.com from August 1960 to March 1961 . Kholmov stayed active in competitive chess right to the end of his life , and maintained a high standard . Early years . Kholmov learned chess at age 12 , and was near Master strength within three years . He served as a sailor in the Soviet merchant marine during World War II , sailing mainly the Northern Arctic route . In 1945 , he took 5th in Tula . In 1946 , he won in Zhdanovichi ( Belarus ) . In 1947 , he took 4th in the 13th Belarusian championship . Later that year , he made his first high-level appearance at the Mikhail Chigorin Memorial , Moscow 1947 , scoring 5½/15 against a powerful international field . In 1948 , Kholmov won the next BLR-ch in 1948 , unbeaten , with 11½/13 . Kholmov qualified for his first Soviet final in 1948 , Moscow URS-ch16 , scoring 8½/18 for 12th place , where the winners were David Bronstein and Alexander Kotov . He had to return to the Soviet semifinal level at Tbilisi 1949 , where he placed 3rd with 10½/17 to advance . At Moscow URS-ch17 , 1949 , he showed solid improvement , finishing tied 9th–10th with 10/19 , as Bronstein and Vasily Smyslov won . In 1950 , he took 3rd in Pärnu , 7th in Tbilisi , and tied 4th–5th in the Spartak Club Championship . He missed Finals qualifying at Tartu 1950 ( URS-ch18sf ) with 9½/15 for fifth place . In 1954 , he took 2nd , behind Vladas Mikėnas in Vilnius ( Quadrangular ) . Kholmov won , or tied for 1st , in the Lithuanian championships in 1949 , 1950 , 1951 , 1952 , 1953 , 1955 , 1957 , 1958 , 1959 , and 1960 , making a total of ten outright or shared Lithuanian titles . This consistent success meant that he could be a full-time chess professional . International debut . Kholmov made his international debut at Bucharest 1954 with a tied 3rd–4th place , on 11/17 , as Viktor Korchnoi won . He placed 6th at Kiev 1954 in the URS-ch21 with 10½/19 , with Yuri Averbakh winning ; this heralded his arrival in the Soviet elite . FIDE awarded Kholmov the International Master ( IM ) title in 1954 . He tied for 3rd–6th places at Leningrad 1955–56 with 10½/18 , as Vladimir Antoshin won . Kholmov tied for 1st–2nd places at Dresden 1956 with Averbakh on 12/15 . He earned the International Master title for this . A very solid tied 5th–7th place at URS-ch23 in Leningrad 1956 , with 10½/17 , reinforced his high-echelon status . He maintained this standard at the next Soviet final , URS-ch24 at Moscow 1957 , with 6th place on 12½/21 . He placed 2nd at Szczawno-Zdrój 1957 with 11/15 behind winner Efim Geller . Kholmov won the Soviet semifinal at Tashkent 1958 with 11½/15 , ahead of Korchnoi and Geller . His first clear international title was at Balatonfüred 1959 , where he scored 10/13 to edge Wolfgang Uhlmann . In the URS-ch26 at Tbilisi 1959 , Kholmov continued his improvement at the top Soviet level with a tied 4th–5th place , with 12/19 , as Tigran Petrosian won . Grandmaster . Kholmov scored one of the best results of his career with a tied 1st–2nd , along with Smyslov , at the Moscow International 1960 with 8½/11 . The same year FIDE awarded him the Grandmaster ( GM ) title . He won the Soviet semifinal at Novgorod 1961 with 13/16 . In Baku , at URS-ch29 ( December 1961 ) , he scored 11/20 to tie for 8th–11th places . He was clear first at Bucharest 1962 with 11½/15 , ahead of Vladislav Shianovsky . He tied for 2nd–4th places in the Spartak Championship at Minsk 1962 with 11/17 , behind Anatoly Bannik . Kholmov won at Kecskemét 1962 with 11/15 , ahead of Lajos Portisch and László Szabó , who tied for 2nd–3rd places . He placed 4th in the URS-ch30 at Yerevan 1962 with 13/19 , a point behind champion Korchnoi . In 1963 he shared 1st–3rd , with Boris Spassky and Leonid Stein , at Leningrad at the 31st Soviet Chess Championships . Stein prevailed in the three man playoff . Consequently , Kholmov is arguably the strongest player of the era ranging from the 1940s through the 1960s to never hold the title of Soviet Champion . ( Isaac Boleslavsky is the only other player of Kholmovs strength in that period to never hold the title. ) At Sochi 1964 , Kholmov tied 2nd–3rd places with 10/15 , behind winner Nikolai Krogius . Then Kholmov suffered perhaps his greatest career disappointment in the Soviet Zonal tournament , Moscow 1964 , where he scored 6/12 for 4th in a super-strong field , but fell one place short of advancing to the Interzonal stage . At Kiev in the URS-ch32 ( 1964/65 ) , Kholmov tied 5th–6th places with 11½/19 , as Korchnoi won . He made a notable result at Havana 1965 with 5th place on 14½/21 , as Smyslov won , but Kholmov defeated Bobby Fischer and finished undefeated in the tournament . At Tbilisi 1966/67 for URS-ch34 , he scored 10/20 to tie for 10th–12th places , as Stein won again . Kholmov moved to Moscow in 1967 and lived there for the rest of his life . He won at Belgrade 1967 with 6½/9 . One of his best career results was 2nd in a very strong field at Leningrad 1967 with 12/16 , behind Korchnoi . He was 4th in an excellent field at Skopje 1967 with 11½/17 , as Fischer won . Kholmov won at Havana 1968 with a powerful 12/14 , ahead of Stein and Alexey Suetin . His play in the next four Soviet finals continued to be strong . At Alma-Ata 1968/69 for URS-ch36 , he placed 6th–9th with 10½/19 , as Lev Polugaevsky and Alexander Zaitsev won . The next Interzonal qualifier was URS-ch37 at Moscow 1969 , and he finished tied 7th–9th with 12½/22 , with Polugaevsky and Petrosian winning ; this was a point short of advancing to the Interzonal . At Riga 1970 for URS-ch38 , he dropped a bit with just 10/21 for a tied 13th–14th , as Korchnoi won . Then in Baku 1972 for URS-ch40 , he had 10½/21 for a tied 10th–11th place , with Tal winning . This was his last Soviet final . His form in his late 40s had substantially fallen from his best years , and a new generation of Soviet players would earn most of the top tournament places and international opportunities . Kholmov got just one chance to represent the USSR in a team event at full international level when he played board ten at the European Team Championships , Kapfenberg 1970 . He won the board gold medal with 4½/6 and helped his side to team gold . Kholmov did play in many national matches , such as against Hungary and Yugoslavia , generally scoring well . The Chessmetrics website statistically estimates his retroactive ranking at a minimum of Top 25 in the world from 1956 to 1970 , with his peak ranking being 8th in 1960–61 . They further estimate that his peak rating was 2736 , also in 1961 . Later years . Kholmov continued to stay very active in competitive play , and he was generally quite successful . At Luhacovice 1973 , he tied for 4th–5th places with 9/15 , with Andras Adorjan and Jan Smejkal winning . At Sochi 1974 , he scored 8½/15 for a tied 4th–6th place , with Polugaevsky winning . He placed 2nd at Kecskemét 1975 with 8½/13 behind winner Karolyi Honfi . One of Kholmovs best late-career results was his tied 3rd–5th place in a very strong Moscow 1975 tournament , with 9½/15 , as Geller won . He tied for 1st–2nd at Budapest 1976 on 10½/15 with László Vadász . He placed 2nd at Zalaegerszeg 1977 with 7½/12 behind Evgeni Vasiukov . At age 63 , Kholmov tied 3rd–6th at Sochi 1988 with 7/13 , as Sergey Dolmatov won . At Voskresensk 1990 , Kholmov tied 3rd–6th on 6½/11 behind winners Igor Naumkin and Valery Neverov . He had an excellent 2nd place at Moscow 1991 with 8½/11 behind winner Mikhail Ivanov . At age 72 , Kholmov tied for 1st–3rd at Moscow 1997 on 7½/11 with Igor Zaitsev and Andrey Rychagov . World Senior Champion . Kholmov tied for the title in the 2000 World Senior Championship at Rowy , on 8/11 with Mark Taimanov , Jānis Klovāns , and Alexander Chernikov . Then he placed 2nd–4th in the same event the next year at Arco , again with 8/11 , tied with Klovans and Vladimir Karasev , behind champion Vladimir Bukal , Sr. . Kholmov played competitive chess virtually right up until his death in early 2006 at age 80 . He appeared in a Senior event in Dresden , 50 years after he won a tournament there . Legacy . Kholmov was known as The Central Defender in Soviet chess circles , because of his great skill at repulsing enemy aggression . But he was also a very dangerous attacker , as most of the leading Soviet players learned . During his peak years , Kholmov was difficult to defeat , even at the top levels . He qualified for 16 Soviet finals between 1949 and 1972 , with an aggregate well over 50 per cent . He scored wins over World Champions Petrosian , Spassky , Fischer , and Garry Kasparov . Kholmov was comfortable as White with both and , could play excellent classical chess with both colours , and had an occasional fondness for unusual openings , with which he had good success , as the game selection shows . Notable chess games . - Efim Geller vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Moscow 1949 , Ruy Lopez , Birds Defence ( C61 ) , 0–1 Two rising stars battle for position late in the tournament , and Kholmov scores with an offbeat variation , unleashing a lovely rook sacrifice in the endgame . - Tigran Petrosian vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Moscow 1957 , Blumenfeld Gambit ( E10 ) , 0–1 Another unusual defensive choice takes off the future World Champion . - Viktor Korchnoi vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship semifinal , Tashkent 1958 , Modern Benoni Defence ( A64 ) , 0–1 The Modern Benoni was just coming into fashion around this time . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Paul Keres , USSR Championship , Tbilisi 1959 , Sicilian Defence , Rossolimo Variation ( B30 ) , 1–0 Its highly unusual to see the powerful tactician Keres get knocked off so quickly . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Laszlo Szabo , Kecskemet 1962 , Slav Defence , Czech Variation ( D19 ) , 1–0 Kholmov overcomes the nine-time Hungarian champion . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Leonid Stein , USSR Championship , Yerevan 1962 , Sicilian Defence , Moscow Variation ( B52 ) , 1–0 Kholmov again scores with this unusual Sicilian line against one of his great rivals from this period . - Mark Taimanov vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Leningrad 1963 , Nimzo-Indian Defence , Rubinstein / Gligoric Variation ( E54 ) , 0–1 Taimanov was a recognized expert on both sides of this defence . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Boris Spassky , USSR Zonal Tournament , Moscow 1964 , Sicilian Defence , Scheveningen Variation ( B84 ) , 1–0 Spassky was the tournament winner and a future World Champion . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . David Bronstein , USSR Championship , Kiev 1964–65 , Sicilian Defence , Najdorf Variation ( B99 ) , 1–0 Kholmov outplays the creative attacker Bronstein for one of his most memorable victories . - Robert Fischer vs . Ratmir Kholmov , Havana 1965 , Ruy Lopez , Closed / Chigorin Variation ( C98 ) , 0–1 Fischer lost exceptionally rarely on the White side of the Ruy Lopez , so this win was quite an achievement . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Garry Kasparov , USSR Championship Qualifying Tournament , Daugavpils 1978 , Caro–Kann Defence , Classical Variation ( B18 ) , 1–0 Kasparov , just 15 at the time , was the tournament winner and a future World Champion . Opening theory . A couple of opening variations have been named after Kholmov . - ECO C92 : Ruy Lopez , Closed , Kholmov Variation - 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Be6 - Russian Game , Damiano Variation , Kholmov Gambit ( C42 ) - 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 Nxe4 4.Qe2 Qe7
|
[
"Grandmaster ( GM )"
] |
[
{
"text": "Ratmir Dmitrievich Kholmov ( Russian : Ратмир Дмитриевич Холмов ) ( 13 May 1925 in Shenkursk – 18 February 2006 in Moscow ) was a Russian chess Grandmaster . He won many international tournaments in Eastern Europe during his career , and tied for the Soviet Championship title in 1963 , but lost the playoff . Kholmov was not well known in the West , since he never competed there during his career peak , being confined to events in socialist countries . His chess results were impressive , so this may have been for security reasons , as Kholmov",
"title": "Ratmir Kholmov"
},
{
"text": "had been a wartime sailor . But he was one of the strongest Soviet players from the mid-1950s well into the 1970s , and was ranked as high as No . 8 in the world by Chessmetrics.com from August 1960 to March 1961 . Kholmov stayed active in competitive chess right to the end of his life , and maintained a high standard .",
"title": "Ratmir Kholmov"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov learned chess at age 12 , and was near Master strength within three years . He served as a sailor in the Soviet merchant marine during World War II , sailing mainly the Northern Arctic route . In 1945 , he took 5th in Tula . In 1946 , he won in Zhdanovichi ( Belarus ) . In 1947 , he took 4th in the 13th Belarusian championship . Later that year , he made his first high-level appearance at the Mikhail Chigorin Memorial , Moscow 1947 , scoring 5½/15 against a powerful international field . In 1948 ,",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov won the next BLR-ch in 1948 , unbeaten , with 11½/13 .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " Kholmov qualified for his first Soviet final in 1948 , Moscow URS-ch16 , scoring 8½/18 for 12th place , where the winners were David Bronstein and Alexander Kotov . He had to return to the Soviet semifinal level at Tbilisi 1949 , where he placed 3rd with 10½/17 to advance . At Moscow URS-ch17 , 1949 , he showed solid improvement , finishing tied 9th–10th with 10/19 , as Bronstein and Vasily Smyslov won .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , he took 3rd in Pärnu , 7th in Tbilisi , and tied 4th–5th in the Spartak Club Championship . He missed Finals qualifying at Tartu 1950 ( URS-ch18sf ) with 9½/15 for fifth place . In 1954 , he took 2nd , behind Vladas Mikėnas in Vilnius ( Quadrangular ) . Kholmov won , or tied for 1st , in the Lithuanian championships in 1949 , 1950 , 1951 , 1952 , 1953 , 1955 , 1957 , 1958 , 1959 , and 1960 , making a total of ten outright or shared Lithuanian titles . This",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "consistent success meant that he could be a full-time chess professional .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov made his international debut at Bucharest 1954 with a tied 3rd–4th place , on 11/17 , as Viktor Korchnoi won . He placed 6th at Kiev 1954 in the URS-ch21 with 10½/19 , with Yuri Averbakh winning ; this heralded his arrival in the Soviet elite . FIDE awarded Kholmov the International Master ( IM ) title in 1954 . He tied for 3rd–6th places at Leningrad 1955–56 with 10½/18 , as Vladimir Antoshin won . Kholmov tied for 1st–2nd places at Dresden 1956 with Averbakh on 12/15 . He earned the International Master title for this . A",
"title": "International debut"
},
{
"text": "very solid tied 5th–7th place at URS-ch23 in Leningrad 1956 , with 10½/17 , reinforced his high-echelon status . He maintained this standard at the next Soviet final , URS-ch24 at Moscow 1957 , with 6th place on 12½/21 . He placed 2nd at Szczawno-Zdrój 1957 with 11/15 behind winner Efim Geller . Kholmov won the Soviet semifinal at Tashkent 1958 with 11½/15 , ahead of Korchnoi and Geller . His first clear international title was at Balatonfüred 1959 , where he scored 10/13 to edge Wolfgang Uhlmann . In the URS-ch26 at Tbilisi 1959 , Kholmov continued his improvement",
"title": "International debut"
},
{
"text": "at the top Soviet level with a tied 4th–5th place , with 12/19 , as Tigran Petrosian won .",
"title": "International debut"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov scored one of the best results of his career with a tied 1st–2nd , along with Smyslov , at the Moscow International 1960 with 8½/11 . The same year FIDE awarded him the Grandmaster ( GM ) title . He won the Soviet semifinal at Novgorod 1961 with 13/16 . In Baku , at URS-ch29 ( December 1961 ) , he scored 11/20 to tie for 8th–11th places . He was clear first at Bucharest 1962 with 11½/15 , ahead of Vladislav Shianovsky . He tied for 2nd–4th places in the Spartak Championship at Minsk 1962 with 11/17 ,",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "behind Anatoly Bannik . Kholmov won at Kecskemét 1962 with 11/15 , ahead of Lajos Portisch and László Szabó , who tied for 2nd–3rd places . He placed 4th in the URS-ch30 at Yerevan 1962 with 13/19 , a point behind champion Korchnoi .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "In 1963 he shared 1st–3rd , with Boris Spassky and Leonid Stein , at Leningrad at the 31st Soviet Chess Championships . Stein prevailed in the three man playoff . Consequently , Kholmov is arguably the strongest player of the era ranging from the 1940s through the 1960s to never hold the title of Soviet Champion . ( Isaac Boleslavsky is the only other player of Kholmovs strength in that period to never hold the title. ) At Sochi 1964 , Kholmov tied 2nd–3rd places with 10/15 , behind winner Nikolai Krogius . Then Kholmov suffered perhaps his greatest career",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "disappointment in the Soviet Zonal tournament , Moscow 1964 , where he scored 6/12 for 4th in a super-strong field , but fell one place short of advancing to the Interzonal stage . At Kiev in the URS-ch32 ( 1964/65 ) , Kholmov tied 5th–6th places with 11½/19 , as Korchnoi won . He made a notable result at Havana 1965 with 5th place on 14½/21 , as Smyslov won , but Kholmov defeated Bobby Fischer and finished undefeated in the tournament . At Tbilisi 1966/67 for URS-ch34 , he scored 10/20 to tie for 10th–12th places , as Stein",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "won again .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": " Kholmov moved to Moscow in 1967 and lived there for the rest of his life . He won at Belgrade 1967 with 6½/9 . One of his best career results was 2nd in a very strong field at Leningrad 1967 with 12/16 , behind Korchnoi . He was 4th in an excellent field at Skopje 1967 with 11½/17 , as Fischer won . Kholmov won at Havana 1968 with a powerful 12/14 , ahead of Stein and Alexey Suetin .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "His play in the next four Soviet finals continued to be strong . At Alma-Ata 1968/69 for URS-ch36 , he placed 6th–9th with 10½/19 , as Lev Polugaevsky and Alexander Zaitsev won . The next Interzonal qualifier was URS-ch37 at Moscow 1969 , and he finished tied 7th–9th with 12½/22 , with Polugaevsky and Petrosian winning ; this was a point short of advancing to the Interzonal . At Riga 1970 for URS-ch38 , he dropped a bit with just 10/21 for a tied 13th–14th , as Korchnoi won . Then in Baku 1972 for URS-ch40 , he had 10½/21",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "for a tied 10th–11th place , with Tal winning . This was his last Soviet final . His form in his late 40s had substantially fallen from his best years , and a new generation of Soviet players would earn most of the top tournament places and international opportunities .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": " Kholmov got just one chance to represent the USSR in a team event at full international level when he played board ten at the European Team Championships , Kapfenberg 1970 . He won the board gold medal with 4½/6 and helped his side to team gold . Kholmov did play in many national matches , such as against Hungary and Yugoslavia , generally scoring well .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "The Chessmetrics website statistically estimates his retroactive ranking at a minimum of Top 25 in the world from 1956 to 1970 , with his peak ranking being 8th in 1960–61 . They further estimate that his peak rating was 2736 , also in 1961 .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov continued to stay very active in competitive play , and he was generally quite successful . At Luhacovice 1973 , he tied for 4th–5th places with 9/15 , with Andras Adorjan and Jan Smejkal winning . At Sochi 1974 , he scored 8½/15 for a tied 4th–6th place , with Polugaevsky winning . He placed 2nd at Kecskemét 1975 with 8½/13 behind winner Karolyi Honfi . One of Kholmovs best late-career results was his tied 3rd–5th place in a very strong Moscow 1975 tournament , with 9½/15 , as Geller won . He tied for 1st–2nd at Budapest 1976",
"title": "Later years"
},
{
"text": "on 10½/15 with László Vadász . He placed 2nd at Zalaegerszeg 1977 with 7½/12 behind Evgeni Vasiukov . At age 63 , Kholmov tied 3rd–6th at Sochi 1988 with 7/13 , as Sergey Dolmatov won . At Voskresensk 1990 , Kholmov tied 3rd–6th on 6½/11 behind winners Igor Naumkin and Valery Neverov . He had an excellent 2nd place at Moscow 1991 with 8½/11 behind winner Mikhail Ivanov . At age 72 , Kholmov tied for 1st–3rd at Moscow 1997 on 7½/11 with Igor Zaitsev and Andrey Rychagov .",
"title": "Later years"
},
{
"text": " Kholmov tied for the title in the 2000 World Senior Championship at Rowy , on 8/11 with Mark Taimanov , Jānis Klovāns , and Alexander Chernikov . Then he placed 2nd–4th in the same event the next year at Arco , again with 8/11 , tied with Klovans and Vladimir Karasev , behind champion Vladimir Bukal , Sr. . Kholmov played competitive chess virtually right up until his death in early 2006 at age 80 . He appeared in a Senior event in Dresden , 50 years after he won a tournament there .",
"title": "World Senior Champion"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov was known as The Central Defender in Soviet chess circles , because of his great skill at repulsing enemy aggression . But he was also a very dangerous attacker , as most of the leading Soviet players learned . During his peak years , Kholmov was difficult to defeat , even at the top levels . He qualified for 16 Soviet finals between 1949 and 1972 , with an aggregate well over 50 per cent . He scored wins over World Champions Petrosian , Spassky , Fischer , and Garry Kasparov . Kholmov was comfortable as White with both",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "and , could play excellent classical chess with both colours , and had an occasional fondness for unusual openings , with which he had good success , as the game selection shows .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " - Efim Geller vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Moscow 1949 , Ruy Lopez , Birds Defence ( C61 ) , 0–1 Two rising stars battle for position late in the tournament , and Kholmov scores with an offbeat variation , unleashing a lovely rook sacrifice in the endgame . - Tigran Petrosian vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Moscow 1957 , Blumenfeld Gambit ( E10 ) , 0–1 Another unusual defensive choice takes off the future World Champion .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": "- Viktor Korchnoi vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship semifinal , Tashkent 1958 , Modern Benoni Defence ( A64 ) , 0–1 The Modern Benoni was just coming into fashion around this time .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": " - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Paul Keres , USSR Championship , Tbilisi 1959 , Sicilian Defence , Rossolimo Variation ( B30 ) , 1–0 Its highly unusual to see the powerful tactician Keres get knocked off so quickly . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Laszlo Szabo , Kecskemet 1962 , Slav Defence , Czech Variation ( D19 ) , 1–0 Kholmov overcomes the nine-time Hungarian champion .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": "- Ratmir Kholmov vs . Leonid Stein , USSR Championship , Yerevan 1962 , Sicilian Defence , Moscow Variation ( B52 ) , 1–0 Kholmov again scores with this unusual Sicilian line against one of his great rivals from this period .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": " - Mark Taimanov vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Leningrad 1963 , Nimzo-Indian Defence , Rubinstein / Gligoric Variation ( E54 ) , 0–1 Taimanov was a recognized expert on both sides of this defence . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Boris Spassky , USSR Zonal Tournament , Moscow 1964 , Sicilian Defence , Scheveningen Variation ( B84 ) , 1–0 Spassky was the tournament winner and a future World Champion .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": "- Ratmir Kholmov vs . David Bronstein , USSR Championship , Kiev 1964–65 , Sicilian Defence , Najdorf Variation ( B99 ) , 1–0 Kholmov outplays the creative attacker Bronstein for one of his most memorable victories .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": " - Robert Fischer vs . Ratmir Kholmov , Havana 1965 , Ruy Lopez , Closed / Chigorin Variation ( C98 ) , 0–1 Fischer lost exceptionally rarely on the White side of the Ruy Lopez , so this win was quite an achievement . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Garry Kasparov , USSR Championship Qualifying Tournament , Daugavpils 1978 , Caro–Kann Defence , Classical Variation ( B18 ) , 1–0 Kasparov , just 15 at the time , was the tournament winner and a future World Champion .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": " A couple of opening variations have been named after Kholmov . - ECO C92 : Ruy Lopez , Closed , Kholmov Variation - 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Be6 - Russian Game , Damiano Variation , Kholmov Gambit ( C42 ) - 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 Nxe4 4.Qe2 Qe7",
"title": "Opening theory"
}
] |
/wiki/Ratmir_Kholmov#P2962#1
|
Which title was conferred to Ratmir Kholmov in 1954?
|
Ratmir Kholmov Ratmir Dmitrievich Kholmov ( Russian : Ратмир Дмитриевич Холмов ) ( 13 May 1925 in Shenkursk – 18 February 2006 in Moscow ) was a Russian chess Grandmaster . He won many international tournaments in Eastern Europe during his career , and tied for the Soviet Championship title in 1963 , but lost the playoff . Kholmov was not well known in the West , since he never competed there during his career peak , being confined to events in socialist countries . His chess results were impressive , so this may have been for security reasons , as Kholmov had been a wartime sailor . But he was one of the strongest Soviet players from the mid-1950s well into the 1970s , and was ranked as high as No . 8 in the world by Chessmetrics.com from August 1960 to March 1961 . Kholmov stayed active in competitive chess right to the end of his life , and maintained a high standard . Early years . Kholmov learned chess at age 12 , and was near Master strength within three years . He served as a sailor in the Soviet merchant marine during World War II , sailing mainly the Northern Arctic route . In 1945 , he took 5th in Tula . In 1946 , he won in Zhdanovichi ( Belarus ) . In 1947 , he took 4th in the 13th Belarusian championship . Later that year , he made his first high-level appearance at the Mikhail Chigorin Memorial , Moscow 1947 , scoring 5½/15 against a powerful international field . In 1948 , Kholmov won the next BLR-ch in 1948 , unbeaten , with 11½/13 . Kholmov qualified for his first Soviet final in 1948 , Moscow URS-ch16 , scoring 8½/18 for 12th place , where the winners were David Bronstein and Alexander Kotov . He had to return to the Soviet semifinal level at Tbilisi 1949 , where he placed 3rd with 10½/17 to advance . At Moscow URS-ch17 , 1949 , he showed solid improvement , finishing tied 9th–10th with 10/19 , as Bronstein and Vasily Smyslov won . In 1950 , he took 3rd in Pärnu , 7th in Tbilisi , and tied 4th–5th in the Spartak Club Championship . He missed Finals qualifying at Tartu 1950 ( URS-ch18sf ) with 9½/15 for fifth place . In 1954 , he took 2nd , behind Vladas Mikėnas in Vilnius ( Quadrangular ) . Kholmov won , or tied for 1st , in the Lithuanian championships in 1949 , 1950 , 1951 , 1952 , 1953 , 1955 , 1957 , 1958 , 1959 , and 1960 , making a total of ten outright or shared Lithuanian titles . This consistent success meant that he could be a full-time chess professional . International debut . Kholmov made his international debut at Bucharest 1954 with a tied 3rd–4th place , on 11/17 , as Viktor Korchnoi won . He placed 6th at Kiev 1954 in the URS-ch21 with 10½/19 , with Yuri Averbakh winning ; this heralded his arrival in the Soviet elite . FIDE awarded Kholmov the International Master ( IM ) title in 1954 . He tied for 3rd–6th places at Leningrad 1955–56 with 10½/18 , as Vladimir Antoshin won . Kholmov tied for 1st–2nd places at Dresden 1956 with Averbakh on 12/15 . He earned the International Master title for this . A very solid tied 5th–7th place at URS-ch23 in Leningrad 1956 , with 10½/17 , reinforced his high-echelon status . He maintained this standard at the next Soviet final , URS-ch24 at Moscow 1957 , with 6th place on 12½/21 . He placed 2nd at Szczawno-Zdrój 1957 with 11/15 behind winner Efim Geller . Kholmov won the Soviet semifinal at Tashkent 1958 with 11½/15 , ahead of Korchnoi and Geller . His first clear international title was at Balatonfüred 1959 , where he scored 10/13 to edge Wolfgang Uhlmann . In the URS-ch26 at Tbilisi 1959 , Kholmov continued his improvement at the top Soviet level with a tied 4th–5th place , with 12/19 , as Tigran Petrosian won . Grandmaster . Kholmov scored one of the best results of his career with a tied 1st–2nd , along with Smyslov , at the Moscow International 1960 with 8½/11 . The same year FIDE awarded him the Grandmaster ( GM ) title . He won the Soviet semifinal at Novgorod 1961 with 13/16 . In Baku , at URS-ch29 ( December 1961 ) , he scored 11/20 to tie for 8th–11th places . He was clear first at Bucharest 1962 with 11½/15 , ahead of Vladislav Shianovsky . He tied for 2nd–4th places in the Spartak Championship at Minsk 1962 with 11/17 , behind Anatoly Bannik . Kholmov won at Kecskemét 1962 with 11/15 , ahead of Lajos Portisch and László Szabó , who tied for 2nd–3rd places . He placed 4th in the URS-ch30 at Yerevan 1962 with 13/19 , a point behind champion Korchnoi . In 1963 he shared 1st–3rd , with Boris Spassky and Leonid Stein , at Leningrad at the 31st Soviet Chess Championships . Stein prevailed in the three man playoff . Consequently , Kholmov is arguably the strongest player of the era ranging from the 1940s through the 1960s to never hold the title of Soviet Champion . ( Isaac Boleslavsky is the only other player of Kholmovs strength in that period to never hold the title. ) At Sochi 1964 , Kholmov tied 2nd–3rd places with 10/15 , behind winner Nikolai Krogius . Then Kholmov suffered perhaps his greatest career disappointment in the Soviet Zonal tournament , Moscow 1964 , where he scored 6/12 for 4th in a super-strong field , but fell one place short of advancing to the Interzonal stage . At Kiev in the URS-ch32 ( 1964/65 ) , Kholmov tied 5th–6th places with 11½/19 , as Korchnoi won . He made a notable result at Havana 1965 with 5th place on 14½/21 , as Smyslov won , but Kholmov defeated Bobby Fischer and finished undefeated in the tournament . At Tbilisi 1966/67 for URS-ch34 , he scored 10/20 to tie for 10th–12th places , as Stein won again . Kholmov moved to Moscow in 1967 and lived there for the rest of his life . He won at Belgrade 1967 with 6½/9 . One of his best career results was 2nd in a very strong field at Leningrad 1967 with 12/16 , behind Korchnoi . He was 4th in an excellent field at Skopje 1967 with 11½/17 , as Fischer won . Kholmov won at Havana 1968 with a powerful 12/14 , ahead of Stein and Alexey Suetin . His play in the next four Soviet finals continued to be strong . At Alma-Ata 1968/69 for URS-ch36 , he placed 6th–9th with 10½/19 , as Lev Polugaevsky and Alexander Zaitsev won . The next Interzonal qualifier was URS-ch37 at Moscow 1969 , and he finished tied 7th–9th with 12½/22 , with Polugaevsky and Petrosian winning ; this was a point short of advancing to the Interzonal . At Riga 1970 for URS-ch38 , he dropped a bit with just 10/21 for a tied 13th–14th , as Korchnoi won . Then in Baku 1972 for URS-ch40 , he had 10½/21 for a tied 10th–11th place , with Tal winning . This was his last Soviet final . His form in his late 40s had substantially fallen from his best years , and a new generation of Soviet players would earn most of the top tournament places and international opportunities . Kholmov got just one chance to represent the USSR in a team event at full international level when he played board ten at the European Team Championships , Kapfenberg 1970 . He won the board gold medal with 4½/6 and helped his side to team gold . Kholmov did play in many national matches , such as against Hungary and Yugoslavia , generally scoring well . The Chessmetrics website statistically estimates his retroactive ranking at a minimum of Top 25 in the world from 1956 to 1970 , with his peak ranking being 8th in 1960–61 . They further estimate that his peak rating was 2736 , also in 1961 . Later years . Kholmov continued to stay very active in competitive play , and he was generally quite successful . At Luhacovice 1973 , he tied for 4th–5th places with 9/15 , with Andras Adorjan and Jan Smejkal winning . At Sochi 1974 , he scored 8½/15 for a tied 4th–6th place , with Polugaevsky winning . He placed 2nd at Kecskemét 1975 with 8½/13 behind winner Karolyi Honfi . One of Kholmovs best late-career results was his tied 3rd–5th place in a very strong Moscow 1975 tournament , with 9½/15 , as Geller won . He tied for 1st–2nd at Budapest 1976 on 10½/15 with László Vadász . He placed 2nd at Zalaegerszeg 1977 with 7½/12 behind Evgeni Vasiukov . At age 63 , Kholmov tied 3rd–6th at Sochi 1988 with 7/13 , as Sergey Dolmatov won . At Voskresensk 1990 , Kholmov tied 3rd–6th on 6½/11 behind winners Igor Naumkin and Valery Neverov . He had an excellent 2nd place at Moscow 1991 with 8½/11 behind winner Mikhail Ivanov . At age 72 , Kholmov tied for 1st–3rd at Moscow 1997 on 7½/11 with Igor Zaitsev and Andrey Rychagov . World Senior Champion . Kholmov tied for the title in the 2000 World Senior Championship at Rowy , on 8/11 with Mark Taimanov , Jānis Klovāns , and Alexander Chernikov . Then he placed 2nd–4th in the same event the next year at Arco , again with 8/11 , tied with Klovans and Vladimir Karasev , behind champion Vladimir Bukal , Sr. . Kholmov played competitive chess virtually right up until his death in early 2006 at age 80 . He appeared in a Senior event in Dresden , 50 years after he won a tournament there . Legacy . Kholmov was known as The Central Defender in Soviet chess circles , because of his great skill at repulsing enemy aggression . But he was also a very dangerous attacker , as most of the leading Soviet players learned . During his peak years , Kholmov was difficult to defeat , even at the top levels . He qualified for 16 Soviet finals between 1949 and 1972 , with an aggregate well over 50 per cent . He scored wins over World Champions Petrosian , Spassky , Fischer , and Garry Kasparov . Kholmov was comfortable as White with both and , could play excellent classical chess with both colours , and had an occasional fondness for unusual openings , with which he had good success , as the game selection shows . Notable chess games . - Efim Geller vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Moscow 1949 , Ruy Lopez , Birds Defence ( C61 ) , 0–1 Two rising stars battle for position late in the tournament , and Kholmov scores with an offbeat variation , unleashing a lovely rook sacrifice in the endgame . - Tigran Petrosian vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Moscow 1957 , Blumenfeld Gambit ( E10 ) , 0–1 Another unusual defensive choice takes off the future World Champion . - Viktor Korchnoi vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship semifinal , Tashkent 1958 , Modern Benoni Defence ( A64 ) , 0–1 The Modern Benoni was just coming into fashion around this time . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Paul Keres , USSR Championship , Tbilisi 1959 , Sicilian Defence , Rossolimo Variation ( B30 ) , 1–0 Its highly unusual to see the powerful tactician Keres get knocked off so quickly . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Laszlo Szabo , Kecskemet 1962 , Slav Defence , Czech Variation ( D19 ) , 1–0 Kholmov overcomes the nine-time Hungarian champion . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Leonid Stein , USSR Championship , Yerevan 1962 , Sicilian Defence , Moscow Variation ( B52 ) , 1–0 Kholmov again scores with this unusual Sicilian line against one of his great rivals from this period . - Mark Taimanov vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Leningrad 1963 , Nimzo-Indian Defence , Rubinstein / Gligoric Variation ( E54 ) , 0–1 Taimanov was a recognized expert on both sides of this defence . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Boris Spassky , USSR Zonal Tournament , Moscow 1964 , Sicilian Defence , Scheveningen Variation ( B84 ) , 1–0 Spassky was the tournament winner and a future World Champion . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . David Bronstein , USSR Championship , Kiev 1964–65 , Sicilian Defence , Najdorf Variation ( B99 ) , 1–0 Kholmov outplays the creative attacker Bronstein for one of his most memorable victories . - Robert Fischer vs . Ratmir Kholmov , Havana 1965 , Ruy Lopez , Closed / Chigorin Variation ( C98 ) , 0–1 Fischer lost exceptionally rarely on the White side of the Ruy Lopez , so this win was quite an achievement . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Garry Kasparov , USSR Championship Qualifying Tournament , Daugavpils 1978 , Caro–Kann Defence , Classical Variation ( B18 ) , 1–0 Kasparov , just 15 at the time , was the tournament winner and a future World Champion . Opening theory . A couple of opening variations have been named after Kholmov . - ECO C92 : Ruy Lopez , Closed , Kholmov Variation - 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Be6 - Russian Game , Damiano Variation , Kholmov Gambit ( C42 ) - 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 Nxe4 4.Qe2 Qe7
|
[
"International Master ( IM )"
] |
[
{
"text": "Ratmir Dmitrievich Kholmov ( Russian : Ратмир Дмитриевич Холмов ) ( 13 May 1925 in Shenkursk – 18 February 2006 in Moscow ) was a Russian chess Grandmaster . He won many international tournaments in Eastern Europe during his career , and tied for the Soviet Championship title in 1963 , but lost the playoff . Kholmov was not well known in the West , since he never competed there during his career peak , being confined to events in socialist countries . His chess results were impressive , so this may have been for security reasons , as Kholmov",
"title": "Ratmir Kholmov"
},
{
"text": "had been a wartime sailor . But he was one of the strongest Soviet players from the mid-1950s well into the 1970s , and was ranked as high as No . 8 in the world by Chessmetrics.com from August 1960 to March 1961 . Kholmov stayed active in competitive chess right to the end of his life , and maintained a high standard .",
"title": "Ratmir Kholmov"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov learned chess at age 12 , and was near Master strength within three years . He served as a sailor in the Soviet merchant marine during World War II , sailing mainly the Northern Arctic route . In 1945 , he took 5th in Tula . In 1946 , he won in Zhdanovichi ( Belarus ) . In 1947 , he took 4th in the 13th Belarusian championship . Later that year , he made his first high-level appearance at the Mikhail Chigorin Memorial , Moscow 1947 , scoring 5½/15 against a powerful international field . In 1948 ,",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov won the next BLR-ch in 1948 , unbeaten , with 11½/13 .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " Kholmov qualified for his first Soviet final in 1948 , Moscow URS-ch16 , scoring 8½/18 for 12th place , where the winners were David Bronstein and Alexander Kotov . He had to return to the Soviet semifinal level at Tbilisi 1949 , where he placed 3rd with 10½/17 to advance . At Moscow URS-ch17 , 1949 , he showed solid improvement , finishing tied 9th–10th with 10/19 , as Bronstein and Vasily Smyslov won .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , he took 3rd in Pärnu , 7th in Tbilisi , and tied 4th–5th in the Spartak Club Championship . He missed Finals qualifying at Tartu 1950 ( URS-ch18sf ) with 9½/15 for fifth place . In 1954 , he took 2nd , behind Vladas Mikėnas in Vilnius ( Quadrangular ) . Kholmov won , or tied for 1st , in the Lithuanian championships in 1949 , 1950 , 1951 , 1952 , 1953 , 1955 , 1957 , 1958 , 1959 , and 1960 , making a total of ten outright or shared Lithuanian titles . This",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "consistent success meant that he could be a full-time chess professional .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov made his international debut at Bucharest 1954 with a tied 3rd–4th place , on 11/17 , as Viktor Korchnoi won . He placed 6th at Kiev 1954 in the URS-ch21 with 10½/19 , with Yuri Averbakh winning ; this heralded his arrival in the Soviet elite . FIDE awarded Kholmov the International Master ( IM ) title in 1954 . He tied for 3rd–6th places at Leningrad 1955–56 with 10½/18 , as Vladimir Antoshin won . Kholmov tied for 1st–2nd places at Dresden 1956 with Averbakh on 12/15 . He earned the International Master title for this . A",
"title": "International debut"
},
{
"text": "very solid tied 5th–7th place at URS-ch23 in Leningrad 1956 , with 10½/17 , reinforced his high-echelon status . He maintained this standard at the next Soviet final , URS-ch24 at Moscow 1957 , with 6th place on 12½/21 . He placed 2nd at Szczawno-Zdrój 1957 with 11/15 behind winner Efim Geller . Kholmov won the Soviet semifinal at Tashkent 1958 with 11½/15 , ahead of Korchnoi and Geller . His first clear international title was at Balatonfüred 1959 , where he scored 10/13 to edge Wolfgang Uhlmann . In the URS-ch26 at Tbilisi 1959 , Kholmov continued his improvement",
"title": "International debut"
},
{
"text": "at the top Soviet level with a tied 4th–5th place , with 12/19 , as Tigran Petrosian won .",
"title": "International debut"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov scored one of the best results of his career with a tied 1st–2nd , along with Smyslov , at the Moscow International 1960 with 8½/11 . The same year FIDE awarded him the Grandmaster ( GM ) title . He won the Soviet semifinal at Novgorod 1961 with 13/16 . In Baku , at URS-ch29 ( December 1961 ) , he scored 11/20 to tie for 8th–11th places . He was clear first at Bucharest 1962 with 11½/15 , ahead of Vladislav Shianovsky . He tied for 2nd–4th places in the Spartak Championship at Minsk 1962 with 11/17 ,",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "behind Anatoly Bannik . Kholmov won at Kecskemét 1962 with 11/15 , ahead of Lajos Portisch and László Szabó , who tied for 2nd–3rd places . He placed 4th in the URS-ch30 at Yerevan 1962 with 13/19 , a point behind champion Korchnoi .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "In 1963 he shared 1st–3rd , with Boris Spassky and Leonid Stein , at Leningrad at the 31st Soviet Chess Championships . Stein prevailed in the three man playoff . Consequently , Kholmov is arguably the strongest player of the era ranging from the 1940s through the 1960s to never hold the title of Soviet Champion . ( Isaac Boleslavsky is the only other player of Kholmovs strength in that period to never hold the title. ) At Sochi 1964 , Kholmov tied 2nd–3rd places with 10/15 , behind winner Nikolai Krogius . Then Kholmov suffered perhaps his greatest career",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "disappointment in the Soviet Zonal tournament , Moscow 1964 , where he scored 6/12 for 4th in a super-strong field , but fell one place short of advancing to the Interzonal stage . At Kiev in the URS-ch32 ( 1964/65 ) , Kholmov tied 5th–6th places with 11½/19 , as Korchnoi won . He made a notable result at Havana 1965 with 5th place on 14½/21 , as Smyslov won , but Kholmov defeated Bobby Fischer and finished undefeated in the tournament . At Tbilisi 1966/67 for URS-ch34 , he scored 10/20 to tie for 10th–12th places , as Stein",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "won again .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": " Kholmov moved to Moscow in 1967 and lived there for the rest of his life . He won at Belgrade 1967 with 6½/9 . One of his best career results was 2nd in a very strong field at Leningrad 1967 with 12/16 , behind Korchnoi . He was 4th in an excellent field at Skopje 1967 with 11½/17 , as Fischer won . Kholmov won at Havana 1968 with a powerful 12/14 , ahead of Stein and Alexey Suetin .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "His play in the next four Soviet finals continued to be strong . At Alma-Ata 1968/69 for URS-ch36 , he placed 6th–9th with 10½/19 , as Lev Polugaevsky and Alexander Zaitsev won . The next Interzonal qualifier was URS-ch37 at Moscow 1969 , and he finished tied 7th–9th with 12½/22 , with Polugaevsky and Petrosian winning ; this was a point short of advancing to the Interzonal . At Riga 1970 for URS-ch38 , he dropped a bit with just 10/21 for a tied 13th–14th , as Korchnoi won . Then in Baku 1972 for URS-ch40 , he had 10½/21",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "for a tied 10th–11th place , with Tal winning . This was his last Soviet final . His form in his late 40s had substantially fallen from his best years , and a new generation of Soviet players would earn most of the top tournament places and international opportunities .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": " Kholmov got just one chance to represent the USSR in a team event at full international level when he played board ten at the European Team Championships , Kapfenberg 1970 . He won the board gold medal with 4½/6 and helped his side to team gold . Kholmov did play in many national matches , such as against Hungary and Yugoslavia , generally scoring well .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "The Chessmetrics website statistically estimates his retroactive ranking at a minimum of Top 25 in the world from 1956 to 1970 , with his peak ranking being 8th in 1960–61 . They further estimate that his peak rating was 2736 , also in 1961 .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov continued to stay very active in competitive play , and he was generally quite successful . At Luhacovice 1973 , he tied for 4th–5th places with 9/15 , with Andras Adorjan and Jan Smejkal winning . At Sochi 1974 , he scored 8½/15 for a tied 4th–6th place , with Polugaevsky winning . He placed 2nd at Kecskemét 1975 with 8½/13 behind winner Karolyi Honfi . One of Kholmovs best late-career results was his tied 3rd–5th place in a very strong Moscow 1975 tournament , with 9½/15 , as Geller won . He tied for 1st–2nd at Budapest 1976",
"title": "Later years"
},
{
"text": "on 10½/15 with László Vadász . He placed 2nd at Zalaegerszeg 1977 with 7½/12 behind Evgeni Vasiukov . At age 63 , Kholmov tied 3rd–6th at Sochi 1988 with 7/13 , as Sergey Dolmatov won . At Voskresensk 1990 , Kholmov tied 3rd–6th on 6½/11 behind winners Igor Naumkin and Valery Neverov . He had an excellent 2nd place at Moscow 1991 with 8½/11 behind winner Mikhail Ivanov . At age 72 , Kholmov tied for 1st–3rd at Moscow 1997 on 7½/11 with Igor Zaitsev and Andrey Rychagov .",
"title": "Later years"
},
{
"text": " Kholmov tied for the title in the 2000 World Senior Championship at Rowy , on 8/11 with Mark Taimanov , Jānis Klovāns , and Alexander Chernikov . Then he placed 2nd–4th in the same event the next year at Arco , again with 8/11 , tied with Klovans and Vladimir Karasev , behind champion Vladimir Bukal , Sr. . Kholmov played competitive chess virtually right up until his death in early 2006 at age 80 . He appeared in a Senior event in Dresden , 50 years after he won a tournament there .",
"title": "World Senior Champion"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov was known as The Central Defender in Soviet chess circles , because of his great skill at repulsing enemy aggression . But he was also a very dangerous attacker , as most of the leading Soviet players learned . During his peak years , Kholmov was difficult to defeat , even at the top levels . He qualified for 16 Soviet finals between 1949 and 1972 , with an aggregate well over 50 per cent . He scored wins over World Champions Petrosian , Spassky , Fischer , and Garry Kasparov . Kholmov was comfortable as White with both",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "and , could play excellent classical chess with both colours , and had an occasional fondness for unusual openings , with which he had good success , as the game selection shows .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " - Efim Geller vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Moscow 1949 , Ruy Lopez , Birds Defence ( C61 ) , 0–1 Two rising stars battle for position late in the tournament , and Kholmov scores with an offbeat variation , unleashing a lovely rook sacrifice in the endgame . - Tigran Petrosian vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Moscow 1957 , Blumenfeld Gambit ( E10 ) , 0–1 Another unusual defensive choice takes off the future World Champion .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": "- Viktor Korchnoi vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship semifinal , Tashkent 1958 , Modern Benoni Defence ( A64 ) , 0–1 The Modern Benoni was just coming into fashion around this time .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": " - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Paul Keres , USSR Championship , Tbilisi 1959 , Sicilian Defence , Rossolimo Variation ( B30 ) , 1–0 Its highly unusual to see the powerful tactician Keres get knocked off so quickly . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Laszlo Szabo , Kecskemet 1962 , Slav Defence , Czech Variation ( D19 ) , 1–0 Kholmov overcomes the nine-time Hungarian champion .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": "- Ratmir Kholmov vs . Leonid Stein , USSR Championship , Yerevan 1962 , Sicilian Defence , Moscow Variation ( B52 ) , 1–0 Kholmov again scores with this unusual Sicilian line against one of his great rivals from this period .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": " - Mark Taimanov vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Leningrad 1963 , Nimzo-Indian Defence , Rubinstein / Gligoric Variation ( E54 ) , 0–1 Taimanov was a recognized expert on both sides of this defence . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Boris Spassky , USSR Zonal Tournament , Moscow 1964 , Sicilian Defence , Scheveningen Variation ( B84 ) , 1–0 Spassky was the tournament winner and a future World Champion .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": "- Ratmir Kholmov vs . David Bronstein , USSR Championship , Kiev 1964–65 , Sicilian Defence , Najdorf Variation ( B99 ) , 1–0 Kholmov outplays the creative attacker Bronstein for one of his most memorable victories .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": " - Robert Fischer vs . Ratmir Kholmov , Havana 1965 , Ruy Lopez , Closed / Chigorin Variation ( C98 ) , 0–1 Fischer lost exceptionally rarely on the White side of the Ruy Lopez , so this win was quite an achievement . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Garry Kasparov , USSR Championship Qualifying Tournament , Daugavpils 1978 , Caro–Kann Defence , Classical Variation ( B18 ) , 1–0 Kasparov , just 15 at the time , was the tournament winner and a future World Champion .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": " A couple of opening variations have been named after Kholmov . - ECO C92 : Ruy Lopez , Closed , Kholmov Variation - 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Be6 - Russian Game , Damiano Variation , Kholmov Gambit ( C42 ) - 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 Nxe4 4.Qe2 Qe7",
"title": "Opening theory"
}
] |
/wiki/Ratmir_Kholmov#P2962#2
|
Which title was conferred to Ratmir Kholmov in 1947?
|
Ratmir Kholmov Ratmir Dmitrievich Kholmov ( Russian : Ратмир Дмитриевич Холмов ) ( 13 May 1925 in Shenkursk – 18 February 2006 in Moscow ) was a Russian chess Grandmaster . He won many international tournaments in Eastern Europe during his career , and tied for the Soviet Championship title in 1963 , but lost the playoff . Kholmov was not well known in the West , since he never competed there during his career peak , being confined to events in socialist countries . His chess results were impressive , so this may have been for security reasons , as Kholmov had been a wartime sailor . But he was one of the strongest Soviet players from the mid-1950s well into the 1970s , and was ranked as high as No . 8 in the world by Chessmetrics.com from August 1960 to March 1961 . Kholmov stayed active in competitive chess right to the end of his life , and maintained a high standard . Early years . Kholmov learned chess at age 12 , and was near Master strength within three years . He served as a sailor in the Soviet merchant marine during World War II , sailing mainly the Northern Arctic route . In 1945 , he took 5th in Tula . In 1946 , he won in Zhdanovichi ( Belarus ) . In 1947 , he took 4th in the 13th Belarusian championship . Later that year , he made his first high-level appearance at the Mikhail Chigorin Memorial , Moscow 1947 , scoring 5½/15 against a powerful international field . In 1948 , Kholmov won the next BLR-ch in 1948 , unbeaten , with 11½/13 . Kholmov qualified for his first Soviet final in 1948 , Moscow URS-ch16 , scoring 8½/18 for 12th place , where the winners were David Bronstein and Alexander Kotov . He had to return to the Soviet semifinal level at Tbilisi 1949 , where he placed 3rd with 10½/17 to advance . At Moscow URS-ch17 , 1949 , he showed solid improvement , finishing tied 9th–10th with 10/19 , as Bronstein and Vasily Smyslov won . In 1950 , he took 3rd in Pärnu , 7th in Tbilisi , and tied 4th–5th in the Spartak Club Championship . He missed Finals qualifying at Tartu 1950 ( URS-ch18sf ) with 9½/15 for fifth place . In 1954 , he took 2nd , behind Vladas Mikėnas in Vilnius ( Quadrangular ) . Kholmov won , or tied for 1st , in the Lithuanian championships in 1949 , 1950 , 1951 , 1952 , 1953 , 1955 , 1957 , 1958 , 1959 , and 1960 , making a total of ten outright or shared Lithuanian titles . This consistent success meant that he could be a full-time chess professional . International debut . Kholmov made his international debut at Bucharest 1954 with a tied 3rd–4th place , on 11/17 , as Viktor Korchnoi won . He placed 6th at Kiev 1954 in the URS-ch21 with 10½/19 , with Yuri Averbakh winning ; this heralded his arrival in the Soviet elite . FIDE awarded Kholmov the International Master ( IM ) title in 1954 . He tied for 3rd–6th places at Leningrad 1955–56 with 10½/18 , as Vladimir Antoshin won . Kholmov tied for 1st–2nd places at Dresden 1956 with Averbakh on 12/15 . He earned the International Master title for this . A very solid tied 5th–7th place at URS-ch23 in Leningrad 1956 , with 10½/17 , reinforced his high-echelon status . He maintained this standard at the next Soviet final , URS-ch24 at Moscow 1957 , with 6th place on 12½/21 . He placed 2nd at Szczawno-Zdrój 1957 with 11/15 behind winner Efim Geller . Kholmov won the Soviet semifinal at Tashkent 1958 with 11½/15 , ahead of Korchnoi and Geller . His first clear international title was at Balatonfüred 1959 , where he scored 10/13 to edge Wolfgang Uhlmann . In the URS-ch26 at Tbilisi 1959 , Kholmov continued his improvement at the top Soviet level with a tied 4th–5th place , with 12/19 , as Tigran Petrosian won . Grandmaster . Kholmov scored one of the best results of his career with a tied 1st–2nd , along with Smyslov , at the Moscow International 1960 with 8½/11 . The same year FIDE awarded him the Grandmaster ( GM ) title . He won the Soviet semifinal at Novgorod 1961 with 13/16 . In Baku , at URS-ch29 ( December 1961 ) , he scored 11/20 to tie for 8th–11th places . He was clear first at Bucharest 1962 with 11½/15 , ahead of Vladislav Shianovsky . He tied for 2nd–4th places in the Spartak Championship at Minsk 1962 with 11/17 , behind Anatoly Bannik . Kholmov won at Kecskemét 1962 with 11/15 , ahead of Lajos Portisch and László Szabó , who tied for 2nd–3rd places . He placed 4th in the URS-ch30 at Yerevan 1962 with 13/19 , a point behind champion Korchnoi . In 1963 he shared 1st–3rd , with Boris Spassky and Leonid Stein , at Leningrad at the 31st Soviet Chess Championships . Stein prevailed in the three man playoff . Consequently , Kholmov is arguably the strongest player of the era ranging from the 1940s through the 1960s to never hold the title of Soviet Champion . ( Isaac Boleslavsky is the only other player of Kholmovs strength in that period to never hold the title. ) At Sochi 1964 , Kholmov tied 2nd–3rd places with 10/15 , behind winner Nikolai Krogius . Then Kholmov suffered perhaps his greatest career disappointment in the Soviet Zonal tournament , Moscow 1964 , where he scored 6/12 for 4th in a super-strong field , but fell one place short of advancing to the Interzonal stage . At Kiev in the URS-ch32 ( 1964/65 ) , Kholmov tied 5th–6th places with 11½/19 , as Korchnoi won . He made a notable result at Havana 1965 with 5th place on 14½/21 , as Smyslov won , but Kholmov defeated Bobby Fischer and finished undefeated in the tournament . At Tbilisi 1966/67 for URS-ch34 , he scored 10/20 to tie for 10th–12th places , as Stein won again . Kholmov moved to Moscow in 1967 and lived there for the rest of his life . He won at Belgrade 1967 with 6½/9 . One of his best career results was 2nd in a very strong field at Leningrad 1967 with 12/16 , behind Korchnoi . He was 4th in an excellent field at Skopje 1967 with 11½/17 , as Fischer won . Kholmov won at Havana 1968 with a powerful 12/14 , ahead of Stein and Alexey Suetin . His play in the next four Soviet finals continued to be strong . At Alma-Ata 1968/69 for URS-ch36 , he placed 6th–9th with 10½/19 , as Lev Polugaevsky and Alexander Zaitsev won . The next Interzonal qualifier was URS-ch37 at Moscow 1969 , and he finished tied 7th–9th with 12½/22 , with Polugaevsky and Petrosian winning ; this was a point short of advancing to the Interzonal . At Riga 1970 for URS-ch38 , he dropped a bit with just 10/21 for a tied 13th–14th , as Korchnoi won . Then in Baku 1972 for URS-ch40 , he had 10½/21 for a tied 10th–11th place , with Tal winning . This was his last Soviet final . His form in his late 40s had substantially fallen from his best years , and a new generation of Soviet players would earn most of the top tournament places and international opportunities . Kholmov got just one chance to represent the USSR in a team event at full international level when he played board ten at the European Team Championships , Kapfenberg 1970 . He won the board gold medal with 4½/6 and helped his side to team gold . Kholmov did play in many national matches , such as against Hungary and Yugoslavia , generally scoring well . The Chessmetrics website statistically estimates his retroactive ranking at a minimum of Top 25 in the world from 1956 to 1970 , with his peak ranking being 8th in 1960–61 . They further estimate that his peak rating was 2736 , also in 1961 . Later years . Kholmov continued to stay very active in competitive play , and he was generally quite successful . At Luhacovice 1973 , he tied for 4th–5th places with 9/15 , with Andras Adorjan and Jan Smejkal winning . At Sochi 1974 , he scored 8½/15 for a tied 4th–6th place , with Polugaevsky winning . He placed 2nd at Kecskemét 1975 with 8½/13 behind winner Karolyi Honfi . One of Kholmovs best late-career results was his tied 3rd–5th place in a very strong Moscow 1975 tournament , with 9½/15 , as Geller won . He tied for 1st–2nd at Budapest 1976 on 10½/15 with László Vadász . He placed 2nd at Zalaegerszeg 1977 with 7½/12 behind Evgeni Vasiukov . At age 63 , Kholmov tied 3rd–6th at Sochi 1988 with 7/13 , as Sergey Dolmatov won . At Voskresensk 1990 , Kholmov tied 3rd–6th on 6½/11 behind winners Igor Naumkin and Valery Neverov . He had an excellent 2nd place at Moscow 1991 with 8½/11 behind winner Mikhail Ivanov . At age 72 , Kholmov tied for 1st–3rd at Moscow 1997 on 7½/11 with Igor Zaitsev and Andrey Rychagov . World Senior Champion . Kholmov tied for the title in the 2000 World Senior Championship at Rowy , on 8/11 with Mark Taimanov , Jānis Klovāns , and Alexander Chernikov . Then he placed 2nd–4th in the same event the next year at Arco , again with 8/11 , tied with Klovans and Vladimir Karasev , behind champion Vladimir Bukal , Sr. . Kholmov played competitive chess virtually right up until his death in early 2006 at age 80 . He appeared in a Senior event in Dresden , 50 years after he won a tournament there . Legacy . Kholmov was known as The Central Defender in Soviet chess circles , because of his great skill at repulsing enemy aggression . But he was also a very dangerous attacker , as most of the leading Soviet players learned . During his peak years , Kholmov was difficult to defeat , even at the top levels . He qualified for 16 Soviet finals between 1949 and 1972 , with an aggregate well over 50 per cent . He scored wins over World Champions Petrosian , Spassky , Fischer , and Garry Kasparov . Kholmov was comfortable as White with both and , could play excellent classical chess with both colours , and had an occasional fondness for unusual openings , with which he had good success , as the game selection shows . Notable chess games . - Efim Geller vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Moscow 1949 , Ruy Lopez , Birds Defence ( C61 ) , 0–1 Two rising stars battle for position late in the tournament , and Kholmov scores with an offbeat variation , unleashing a lovely rook sacrifice in the endgame . - Tigran Petrosian vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Moscow 1957 , Blumenfeld Gambit ( E10 ) , 0–1 Another unusual defensive choice takes off the future World Champion . - Viktor Korchnoi vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship semifinal , Tashkent 1958 , Modern Benoni Defence ( A64 ) , 0–1 The Modern Benoni was just coming into fashion around this time . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Paul Keres , USSR Championship , Tbilisi 1959 , Sicilian Defence , Rossolimo Variation ( B30 ) , 1–0 Its highly unusual to see the powerful tactician Keres get knocked off so quickly . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Laszlo Szabo , Kecskemet 1962 , Slav Defence , Czech Variation ( D19 ) , 1–0 Kholmov overcomes the nine-time Hungarian champion . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Leonid Stein , USSR Championship , Yerevan 1962 , Sicilian Defence , Moscow Variation ( B52 ) , 1–0 Kholmov again scores with this unusual Sicilian line against one of his great rivals from this period . - Mark Taimanov vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Leningrad 1963 , Nimzo-Indian Defence , Rubinstein / Gligoric Variation ( E54 ) , 0–1 Taimanov was a recognized expert on both sides of this defence . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Boris Spassky , USSR Zonal Tournament , Moscow 1964 , Sicilian Defence , Scheveningen Variation ( B84 ) , 1–0 Spassky was the tournament winner and a future World Champion . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . David Bronstein , USSR Championship , Kiev 1964–65 , Sicilian Defence , Najdorf Variation ( B99 ) , 1–0 Kholmov outplays the creative attacker Bronstein for one of his most memorable victories . - Robert Fischer vs . Ratmir Kholmov , Havana 1965 , Ruy Lopez , Closed / Chigorin Variation ( C98 ) , 0–1 Fischer lost exceptionally rarely on the White side of the Ruy Lopez , so this win was quite an achievement . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Garry Kasparov , USSR Championship Qualifying Tournament , Daugavpils 1978 , Caro–Kann Defence , Classical Variation ( B18 ) , 1–0 Kasparov , just 15 at the time , was the tournament winner and a future World Champion . Opening theory . A couple of opening variations have been named after Kholmov . - ECO C92 : Ruy Lopez , Closed , Kholmov Variation - 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Be6 - Russian Game , Damiano Variation , Kholmov Gambit ( C42 ) - 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 Nxe4 4.Qe2 Qe7
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Ratmir Dmitrievich Kholmov ( Russian : Ратмир Дмитриевич Холмов ) ( 13 May 1925 in Shenkursk – 18 February 2006 in Moscow ) was a Russian chess Grandmaster . He won many international tournaments in Eastern Europe during his career , and tied for the Soviet Championship title in 1963 , but lost the playoff . Kholmov was not well known in the West , since he never competed there during his career peak , being confined to events in socialist countries . His chess results were impressive , so this may have been for security reasons , as Kholmov",
"title": "Ratmir Kholmov"
},
{
"text": "had been a wartime sailor . But he was one of the strongest Soviet players from the mid-1950s well into the 1970s , and was ranked as high as No . 8 in the world by Chessmetrics.com from August 1960 to March 1961 . Kholmov stayed active in competitive chess right to the end of his life , and maintained a high standard .",
"title": "Ratmir Kholmov"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov learned chess at age 12 , and was near Master strength within three years . He served as a sailor in the Soviet merchant marine during World War II , sailing mainly the Northern Arctic route . In 1945 , he took 5th in Tula . In 1946 , he won in Zhdanovichi ( Belarus ) . In 1947 , he took 4th in the 13th Belarusian championship . Later that year , he made his first high-level appearance at the Mikhail Chigorin Memorial , Moscow 1947 , scoring 5½/15 against a powerful international field . In 1948 ,",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov won the next BLR-ch in 1948 , unbeaten , with 11½/13 .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": " Kholmov qualified for his first Soviet final in 1948 , Moscow URS-ch16 , scoring 8½/18 for 12th place , where the winners were David Bronstein and Alexander Kotov . He had to return to the Soviet semifinal level at Tbilisi 1949 , where he placed 3rd with 10½/17 to advance . At Moscow URS-ch17 , 1949 , he showed solid improvement , finishing tied 9th–10th with 10/19 , as Bronstein and Vasily Smyslov won .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , he took 3rd in Pärnu , 7th in Tbilisi , and tied 4th–5th in the Spartak Club Championship . He missed Finals qualifying at Tartu 1950 ( URS-ch18sf ) with 9½/15 for fifth place . In 1954 , he took 2nd , behind Vladas Mikėnas in Vilnius ( Quadrangular ) . Kholmov won , or tied for 1st , in the Lithuanian championships in 1949 , 1950 , 1951 , 1952 , 1953 , 1955 , 1957 , 1958 , 1959 , and 1960 , making a total of ten outright or shared Lithuanian titles . This",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "consistent success meant that he could be a full-time chess professional .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov made his international debut at Bucharest 1954 with a tied 3rd–4th place , on 11/17 , as Viktor Korchnoi won . He placed 6th at Kiev 1954 in the URS-ch21 with 10½/19 , with Yuri Averbakh winning ; this heralded his arrival in the Soviet elite . FIDE awarded Kholmov the International Master ( IM ) title in 1954 . He tied for 3rd–6th places at Leningrad 1955–56 with 10½/18 , as Vladimir Antoshin won . Kholmov tied for 1st–2nd places at Dresden 1956 with Averbakh on 12/15 . He earned the International Master title for this . A",
"title": "International debut"
},
{
"text": "very solid tied 5th–7th place at URS-ch23 in Leningrad 1956 , with 10½/17 , reinforced his high-echelon status . He maintained this standard at the next Soviet final , URS-ch24 at Moscow 1957 , with 6th place on 12½/21 . He placed 2nd at Szczawno-Zdrój 1957 with 11/15 behind winner Efim Geller . Kholmov won the Soviet semifinal at Tashkent 1958 with 11½/15 , ahead of Korchnoi and Geller . His first clear international title was at Balatonfüred 1959 , where he scored 10/13 to edge Wolfgang Uhlmann . In the URS-ch26 at Tbilisi 1959 , Kholmov continued his improvement",
"title": "International debut"
},
{
"text": "at the top Soviet level with a tied 4th–5th place , with 12/19 , as Tigran Petrosian won .",
"title": "International debut"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov scored one of the best results of his career with a tied 1st–2nd , along with Smyslov , at the Moscow International 1960 with 8½/11 . The same year FIDE awarded him the Grandmaster ( GM ) title . He won the Soviet semifinal at Novgorod 1961 with 13/16 . In Baku , at URS-ch29 ( December 1961 ) , he scored 11/20 to tie for 8th–11th places . He was clear first at Bucharest 1962 with 11½/15 , ahead of Vladislav Shianovsky . He tied for 2nd–4th places in the Spartak Championship at Minsk 1962 with 11/17 ,",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "behind Anatoly Bannik . Kholmov won at Kecskemét 1962 with 11/15 , ahead of Lajos Portisch and László Szabó , who tied for 2nd–3rd places . He placed 4th in the URS-ch30 at Yerevan 1962 with 13/19 , a point behind champion Korchnoi .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "In 1963 he shared 1st–3rd , with Boris Spassky and Leonid Stein , at Leningrad at the 31st Soviet Chess Championships . Stein prevailed in the three man playoff . Consequently , Kholmov is arguably the strongest player of the era ranging from the 1940s through the 1960s to never hold the title of Soviet Champion . ( Isaac Boleslavsky is the only other player of Kholmovs strength in that period to never hold the title. ) At Sochi 1964 , Kholmov tied 2nd–3rd places with 10/15 , behind winner Nikolai Krogius . Then Kholmov suffered perhaps his greatest career",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "disappointment in the Soviet Zonal tournament , Moscow 1964 , where he scored 6/12 for 4th in a super-strong field , but fell one place short of advancing to the Interzonal stage . At Kiev in the URS-ch32 ( 1964/65 ) , Kholmov tied 5th–6th places with 11½/19 , as Korchnoi won . He made a notable result at Havana 1965 with 5th place on 14½/21 , as Smyslov won , but Kholmov defeated Bobby Fischer and finished undefeated in the tournament . At Tbilisi 1966/67 for URS-ch34 , he scored 10/20 to tie for 10th–12th places , as Stein",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "won again .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": " Kholmov moved to Moscow in 1967 and lived there for the rest of his life . He won at Belgrade 1967 with 6½/9 . One of his best career results was 2nd in a very strong field at Leningrad 1967 with 12/16 , behind Korchnoi . He was 4th in an excellent field at Skopje 1967 with 11½/17 , as Fischer won . Kholmov won at Havana 1968 with a powerful 12/14 , ahead of Stein and Alexey Suetin .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "His play in the next four Soviet finals continued to be strong . At Alma-Ata 1968/69 for URS-ch36 , he placed 6th–9th with 10½/19 , as Lev Polugaevsky and Alexander Zaitsev won . The next Interzonal qualifier was URS-ch37 at Moscow 1969 , and he finished tied 7th–9th with 12½/22 , with Polugaevsky and Petrosian winning ; this was a point short of advancing to the Interzonal . At Riga 1970 for URS-ch38 , he dropped a bit with just 10/21 for a tied 13th–14th , as Korchnoi won . Then in Baku 1972 for URS-ch40 , he had 10½/21",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "for a tied 10th–11th place , with Tal winning . This was his last Soviet final . His form in his late 40s had substantially fallen from his best years , and a new generation of Soviet players would earn most of the top tournament places and international opportunities .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": " Kholmov got just one chance to represent the USSR in a team event at full international level when he played board ten at the European Team Championships , Kapfenberg 1970 . He won the board gold medal with 4½/6 and helped his side to team gold . Kholmov did play in many national matches , such as against Hungary and Yugoslavia , generally scoring well .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "The Chessmetrics website statistically estimates his retroactive ranking at a minimum of Top 25 in the world from 1956 to 1970 , with his peak ranking being 8th in 1960–61 . They further estimate that his peak rating was 2736 , also in 1961 .",
"title": "Grandmaster"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov continued to stay very active in competitive play , and he was generally quite successful . At Luhacovice 1973 , he tied for 4th–5th places with 9/15 , with Andras Adorjan and Jan Smejkal winning . At Sochi 1974 , he scored 8½/15 for a tied 4th–6th place , with Polugaevsky winning . He placed 2nd at Kecskemét 1975 with 8½/13 behind winner Karolyi Honfi . One of Kholmovs best late-career results was his tied 3rd–5th place in a very strong Moscow 1975 tournament , with 9½/15 , as Geller won . He tied for 1st–2nd at Budapest 1976",
"title": "Later years"
},
{
"text": "on 10½/15 with László Vadász . He placed 2nd at Zalaegerszeg 1977 with 7½/12 behind Evgeni Vasiukov . At age 63 , Kholmov tied 3rd–6th at Sochi 1988 with 7/13 , as Sergey Dolmatov won . At Voskresensk 1990 , Kholmov tied 3rd–6th on 6½/11 behind winners Igor Naumkin and Valery Neverov . He had an excellent 2nd place at Moscow 1991 with 8½/11 behind winner Mikhail Ivanov . At age 72 , Kholmov tied for 1st–3rd at Moscow 1997 on 7½/11 with Igor Zaitsev and Andrey Rychagov .",
"title": "Later years"
},
{
"text": " Kholmov tied for the title in the 2000 World Senior Championship at Rowy , on 8/11 with Mark Taimanov , Jānis Klovāns , and Alexander Chernikov . Then he placed 2nd–4th in the same event the next year at Arco , again with 8/11 , tied with Klovans and Vladimir Karasev , behind champion Vladimir Bukal , Sr. . Kholmov played competitive chess virtually right up until his death in early 2006 at age 80 . He appeared in a Senior event in Dresden , 50 years after he won a tournament there .",
"title": "World Senior Champion"
},
{
"text": "Kholmov was known as The Central Defender in Soviet chess circles , because of his great skill at repulsing enemy aggression . But he was also a very dangerous attacker , as most of the leading Soviet players learned . During his peak years , Kholmov was difficult to defeat , even at the top levels . He qualified for 16 Soviet finals between 1949 and 1972 , with an aggregate well over 50 per cent . He scored wins over World Champions Petrosian , Spassky , Fischer , and Garry Kasparov . Kholmov was comfortable as White with both",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": "and , could play excellent classical chess with both colours , and had an occasional fondness for unusual openings , with which he had good success , as the game selection shows .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"text": " - Efim Geller vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Moscow 1949 , Ruy Lopez , Birds Defence ( C61 ) , 0–1 Two rising stars battle for position late in the tournament , and Kholmov scores with an offbeat variation , unleashing a lovely rook sacrifice in the endgame . - Tigran Petrosian vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Moscow 1957 , Blumenfeld Gambit ( E10 ) , 0–1 Another unusual defensive choice takes off the future World Champion .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": "- Viktor Korchnoi vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship semifinal , Tashkent 1958 , Modern Benoni Defence ( A64 ) , 0–1 The Modern Benoni was just coming into fashion around this time .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": " - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Paul Keres , USSR Championship , Tbilisi 1959 , Sicilian Defence , Rossolimo Variation ( B30 ) , 1–0 Its highly unusual to see the powerful tactician Keres get knocked off so quickly . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Laszlo Szabo , Kecskemet 1962 , Slav Defence , Czech Variation ( D19 ) , 1–0 Kholmov overcomes the nine-time Hungarian champion .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": "- Ratmir Kholmov vs . Leonid Stein , USSR Championship , Yerevan 1962 , Sicilian Defence , Moscow Variation ( B52 ) , 1–0 Kholmov again scores with this unusual Sicilian line against one of his great rivals from this period .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": " - Mark Taimanov vs . Ratmir Kholmov , USSR Championship , Leningrad 1963 , Nimzo-Indian Defence , Rubinstein / Gligoric Variation ( E54 ) , 0–1 Taimanov was a recognized expert on both sides of this defence . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Boris Spassky , USSR Zonal Tournament , Moscow 1964 , Sicilian Defence , Scheveningen Variation ( B84 ) , 1–0 Spassky was the tournament winner and a future World Champion .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": "- Ratmir Kholmov vs . David Bronstein , USSR Championship , Kiev 1964–65 , Sicilian Defence , Najdorf Variation ( B99 ) , 1–0 Kholmov outplays the creative attacker Bronstein for one of his most memorable victories .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": " - Robert Fischer vs . Ratmir Kholmov , Havana 1965 , Ruy Lopez , Closed / Chigorin Variation ( C98 ) , 0–1 Fischer lost exceptionally rarely on the White side of the Ruy Lopez , so this win was quite an achievement . - Ratmir Kholmov vs . Garry Kasparov , USSR Championship Qualifying Tournament , Daugavpils 1978 , Caro–Kann Defence , Classical Variation ( B18 ) , 1–0 Kasparov , just 15 at the time , was the tournament winner and a future World Champion .",
"title": "Notable chess games"
},
{
"text": " A couple of opening variations have been named after Kholmov . - ECO C92 : Ruy Lopez , Closed , Kholmov Variation - 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Be6 - Russian Game , Damiano Variation , Kholmov Gambit ( C42 ) - 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 Nxe4 4.Qe2 Qe7",
"title": "Opening theory"
}
] |
/wiki/Robert_Ward_Johnson#P39#0
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Which position did Robert Ward Johnson hold before Aug 1843?
|
Robert Ward Johnson Robert Ward Johnson ( July 22 , 1814 – July 26 , 1879 ) was an American planter and lawyer who served as the senior Confederate States senator for Arkansas , a seat that he was elected to in 1861 . He previously served as a delegate from Arkansas to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1862 . Early life and education . Robert Ward Johnson was born on July 22 , 1814 , in Scott County , Kentucky , to Benjamin and Matilda ( Williams ) Johnson . His father had three brothers who were elected as U.S . Congressmen and the family was politically prominent in the state . His grandfather had acquired thousands of acres of land in the area at the end of the eighteenth century . The family were slaveholders . His siblings included a sister Juliette . His paternal uncles were Richard Johnson , a United States Representative and Senator , and vice president of the United States under Martin Van Buren ; and his brothers James Johnson and John Telemachus Johnson , older and younger , respectively , who were each elected as U.S . Representatives from Kentucky . In 1821 when Johnson was seven , his parents moved the family to Arkansas Territory , where his father had been appointed as Superior Judge . They settled in Little Rock . His father was appointed in 1836 as the first federal district judge in the new state of Arkansas . Johnson was later sent back to Kentucky to study at the Choctaw Academy , which his uncle Richard Johnson had founded in 1825 on his farm near Georgetown , primarily to educate Choctaw boys from the Southeast in the English language and European-American culture . He was handsomely paid by the federal government . At times , 200–300 boys attended the academy . The Choctaw students were at the school in the period prior to the Indian Removal in the 1830s of the Five Civilized Tribes , but they were under pressure in the Southeast from encroaching settlers . His uncle kept the school going into the late 1830s , after some peoples had been forcibly relocated to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River . The young Johnson went on to study at St . Josephs College , an academy in Bardstown , and graduated . After St . Josephs , Johnson returned to Little Rock . He studied law as a legal apprentice and was admitted to the bar in 1835 . He married Sarah Frances Smith in 1836 . They had six children together ; three survived to adulthood . Sarah died in 1862 , during the American Civil War . The next year , Johnson at the age of 49 married her younger sister , Laura . They had no children . Political career . In Little Rock , Johnson soon became involved in Democratic Party politics . He was elected as the prosecuting attorney for Little Rock and served from 1840 to 1843 . He effectively acted as the states attorney . His sister Juliette married Ambrose Sevier , who was later elected as US Senator from Arkansas . Both Sevier and Johnson became part of The Family , a group of men related by marriage and politics , who dominated the state Democratic Party and politics , and its national representation in the antebellum years . Prior to the American Civil War , Johnson moved his family to Helena , Arkansas , in the Mississippi Delta , where he established his law practice . Johnson was elected from there , beginning in 1846 , to the Thirtieth , Thirty-first , and Thirty-second Congresses . He became chairman of the House Committee on Indian Affairs . In this period , his brother-in-law Sevier was chair of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs . Johnson declined to run for reelection in 1852 . He was appointed by the legislature to the United States Senate to fill the unexpired term of Senator Solon Borland . In 1855 , he was elected by the legislature to the seat , serving the full term until 3 March 1861 . After the outbreak of the American Civil War , he served as a delegate to the Provisional Government of the Confederate States in 1862 . He served as a member of the Confederate Senate from 1862 to 1865 . Later life and death . The American Civil War ended Johnsons political career . Property damage and the abolition of slavery ruined him economically . After the war , he practiced law in Washington , D.C. , for more than a decade . Returning to Arkansas in the late 1870s , he ran unsuccessfully for reelection to the Senate in 1878 . Johnson died in Little Rock in 1879 . He is buried in the historic Mount Holly Cemetery there .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert Ward Johnson ( July 22 , 1814 – July 26 , 1879 ) was an American planter and lawyer who served as the senior Confederate States senator for Arkansas , a seat that he was elected to in 1861 . He previously served as a delegate from Arkansas to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1862 . Early life and education .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "Robert Ward Johnson was born on July 22 , 1814 , in Scott County , Kentucky , to Benjamin and Matilda ( Williams ) Johnson . His father had three brothers who were elected as U.S . Congressmen and the family was politically prominent in the state . His grandfather had acquired thousands of acres of land in the area at the end of the eighteenth century . The family were slaveholders . His siblings included a sister Juliette . His paternal uncles were Richard Johnson , a United States Representative and Senator , and vice president of the United",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "States under Martin Van Buren ; and his brothers James Johnson and John Telemachus Johnson , older and younger , respectively , who were each elected as U.S . Representatives from Kentucky .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "In 1821 when Johnson was seven , his parents moved the family to Arkansas Territory , where his father had been appointed as Superior Judge . They settled in Little Rock . His father was appointed in 1836 as the first federal district judge in the new state of Arkansas . Johnson was later sent back to Kentucky to study at the Choctaw Academy , which his uncle Richard Johnson had founded in 1825 on his farm near Georgetown , primarily to educate Choctaw boys from the Southeast in the English language and European-American culture . He was handsomely paid",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "by the federal government .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": " At times , 200–300 boys attended the academy . The Choctaw students were at the school in the period prior to the Indian Removal in the 1830s of the Five Civilized Tribes , but they were under pressure in the Southeast from encroaching settlers . His uncle kept the school going into the late 1830s , after some peoples had been forcibly relocated to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River . The young Johnson went on to study at St . Josephs College , an academy in Bardstown , and graduated .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "After St . Josephs , Johnson returned to Little Rock . He studied law as a legal apprentice and was admitted to the bar in 1835 . He married Sarah Frances Smith in 1836 . They had six children together ; three survived to adulthood . Sarah died in 1862 , during the American Civil War . The next year , Johnson at the age of 49 married her younger sister , Laura . They had no children .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": " In Little Rock , Johnson soon became involved in Democratic Party politics . He was elected as the prosecuting attorney for Little Rock and served from 1840 to 1843 . He effectively acted as the states attorney . His sister Juliette married Ambrose Sevier , who was later elected as US Senator from Arkansas . Both Sevier and Johnson became part of The Family , a group of men related by marriage and politics , who dominated the state Democratic Party and politics , and its national representation in the antebellum years .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Prior to the American Civil War , Johnson moved his family to Helena , Arkansas , in the Mississippi Delta , where he established his law practice . Johnson was elected from there , beginning in 1846 , to the Thirtieth , Thirty-first , and Thirty-second Congresses . He became chairman of the House Committee on Indian Affairs . In this period , his brother-in-law Sevier was chair of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Johnson declined to run for reelection in 1852 . He was appointed by the legislature to the United States Senate to fill the unexpired term of Senator Solon Borland . In 1855 , he was elected by the legislature to the seat , serving the full term until 3 March 1861 . After the outbreak of the American Civil War , he served as a delegate to the Provisional Government of the Confederate States in 1862 . He served as a member of the Confederate Senate from 1862 to 1865 . Later life and death .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "The American Civil War ended Johnsons political career . Property damage and the abolition of slavery ruined him economically . After the war , he practiced law in Washington , D.C. , for more than a decade . Returning to Arkansas in the late 1870s , he ran unsuccessfully for reelection to the Senate in 1878 . Johnson died in Little Rock in 1879 . He is buried in the historic Mount Holly Cemetery there .",
"title": "Political career"
}
] |
/wiki/Robert_Ward_Johnson#P39#1
|
Which position did Robert Ward Johnson hold in late 1840s?
|
Robert Ward Johnson Robert Ward Johnson ( July 22 , 1814 – July 26 , 1879 ) was an American planter and lawyer who served as the senior Confederate States senator for Arkansas , a seat that he was elected to in 1861 . He previously served as a delegate from Arkansas to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1862 . Early life and education . Robert Ward Johnson was born on July 22 , 1814 , in Scott County , Kentucky , to Benjamin and Matilda ( Williams ) Johnson . His father had three brothers who were elected as U.S . Congressmen and the family was politically prominent in the state . His grandfather had acquired thousands of acres of land in the area at the end of the eighteenth century . The family were slaveholders . His siblings included a sister Juliette . His paternal uncles were Richard Johnson , a United States Representative and Senator , and vice president of the United States under Martin Van Buren ; and his brothers James Johnson and John Telemachus Johnson , older and younger , respectively , who were each elected as U.S . Representatives from Kentucky . In 1821 when Johnson was seven , his parents moved the family to Arkansas Territory , where his father had been appointed as Superior Judge . They settled in Little Rock . His father was appointed in 1836 as the first federal district judge in the new state of Arkansas . Johnson was later sent back to Kentucky to study at the Choctaw Academy , which his uncle Richard Johnson had founded in 1825 on his farm near Georgetown , primarily to educate Choctaw boys from the Southeast in the English language and European-American culture . He was handsomely paid by the federal government . At times , 200–300 boys attended the academy . The Choctaw students were at the school in the period prior to the Indian Removal in the 1830s of the Five Civilized Tribes , but they were under pressure in the Southeast from encroaching settlers . His uncle kept the school going into the late 1830s , after some peoples had been forcibly relocated to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River . The young Johnson went on to study at St . Josephs College , an academy in Bardstown , and graduated . After St . Josephs , Johnson returned to Little Rock . He studied law as a legal apprentice and was admitted to the bar in 1835 . He married Sarah Frances Smith in 1836 . They had six children together ; three survived to adulthood . Sarah died in 1862 , during the American Civil War . The next year , Johnson at the age of 49 married her younger sister , Laura . They had no children . Political career . In Little Rock , Johnson soon became involved in Democratic Party politics . He was elected as the prosecuting attorney for Little Rock and served from 1840 to 1843 . He effectively acted as the states attorney . His sister Juliette married Ambrose Sevier , who was later elected as US Senator from Arkansas . Both Sevier and Johnson became part of The Family , a group of men related by marriage and politics , who dominated the state Democratic Party and politics , and its national representation in the antebellum years . Prior to the American Civil War , Johnson moved his family to Helena , Arkansas , in the Mississippi Delta , where he established his law practice . Johnson was elected from there , beginning in 1846 , to the Thirtieth , Thirty-first , and Thirty-second Congresses . He became chairman of the House Committee on Indian Affairs . In this period , his brother-in-law Sevier was chair of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs . Johnson declined to run for reelection in 1852 . He was appointed by the legislature to the United States Senate to fill the unexpired term of Senator Solon Borland . In 1855 , he was elected by the legislature to the seat , serving the full term until 3 March 1861 . After the outbreak of the American Civil War , he served as a delegate to the Provisional Government of the Confederate States in 1862 . He served as a member of the Confederate Senate from 1862 to 1865 . Later life and death . The American Civil War ended Johnsons political career . Property damage and the abolition of slavery ruined him economically . After the war , he practiced law in Washington , D.C. , for more than a decade . Returning to Arkansas in the late 1870s , he ran unsuccessfully for reelection to the Senate in 1878 . Johnson died in Little Rock in 1879 . He is buried in the historic Mount Holly Cemetery there .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert Ward Johnson ( July 22 , 1814 – July 26 , 1879 ) was an American planter and lawyer who served as the senior Confederate States senator for Arkansas , a seat that he was elected to in 1861 . He previously served as a delegate from Arkansas to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1862 . Early life and education .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "Robert Ward Johnson was born on July 22 , 1814 , in Scott County , Kentucky , to Benjamin and Matilda ( Williams ) Johnson . His father had three brothers who were elected as U.S . Congressmen and the family was politically prominent in the state . His grandfather had acquired thousands of acres of land in the area at the end of the eighteenth century . The family were slaveholders . His siblings included a sister Juliette . His paternal uncles were Richard Johnson , a United States Representative and Senator , and vice president of the United",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "States under Martin Van Buren ; and his brothers James Johnson and John Telemachus Johnson , older and younger , respectively , who were each elected as U.S . Representatives from Kentucky .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "In 1821 when Johnson was seven , his parents moved the family to Arkansas Territory , where his father had been appointed as Superior Judge . They settled in Little Rock . His father was appointed in 1836 as the first federal district judge in the new state of Arkansas . Johnson was later sent back to Kentucky to study at the Choctaw Academy , which his uncle Richard Johnson had founded in 1825 on his farm near Georgetown , primarily to educate Choctaw boys from the Southeast in the English language and European-American culture . He was handsomely paid",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "by the federal government .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": " At times , 200–300 boys attended the academy . The Choctaw students were at the school in the period prior to the Indian Removal in the 1830s of the Five Civilized Tribes , but they were under pressure in the Southeast from encroaching settlers . His uncle kept the school going into the late 1830s , after some peoples had been forcibly relocated to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River . The young Johnson went on to study at St . Josephs College , an academy in Bardstown , and graduated .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "After St . Josephs , Johnson returned to Little Rock . He studied law as a legal apprentice and was admitted to the bar in 1835 . He married Sarah Frances Smith in 1836 . They had six children together ; three survived to adulthood . Sarah died in 1862 , during the American Civil War . The next year , Johnson at the age of 49 married her younger sister , Laura . They had no children .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": " In Little Rock , Johnson soon became involved in Democratic Party politics . He was elected as the prosecuting attorney for Little Rock and served from 1840 to 1843 . He effectively acted as the states attorney . His sister Juliette married Ambrose Sevier , who was later elected as US Senator from Arkansas . Both Sevier and Johnson became part of The Family , a group of men related by marriage and politics , who dominated the state Democratic Party and politics , and its national representation in the antebellum years .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Prior to the American Civil War , Johnson moved his family to Helena , Arkansas , in the Mississippi Delta , where he established his law practice . Johnson was elected from there , beginning in 1846 , to the Thirtieth , Thirty-first , and Thirty-second Congresses . He became chairman of the House Committee on Indian Affairs . In this period , his brother-in-law Sevier was chair of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Johnson declined to run for reelection in 1852 . He was appointed by the legislature to the United States Senate to fill the unexpired term of Senator Solon Borland . In 1855 , he was elected by the legislature to the seat , serving the full term until 3 March 1861 . After the outbreak of the American Civil War , he served as a delegate to the Provisional Government of the Confederate States in 1862 . He served as a member of the Confederate Senate from 1862 to 1865 . Later life and death .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "The American Civil War ended Johnsons political career . Property damage and the abolition of slavery ruined him economically . After the war , he practiced law in Washington , D.C. , for more than a decade . Returning to Arkansas in the late 1870s , he ran unsuccessfully for reelection to the Senate in 1878 . Johnson died in Little Rock in 1879 . He is buried in the historic Mount Holly Cemetery there .",
"title": "Political career"
}
] |
/wiki/Robert_Ward_Johnson#P39#2
|
Which position did Robert Ward Johnson hold after May 1854?
|
Robert Ward Johnson Robert Ward Johnson ( July 22 , 1814 – July 26 , 1879 ) was an American planter and lawyer who served as the senior Confederate States senator for Arkansas , a seat that he was elected to in 1861 . He previously served as a delegate from Arkansas to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1862 . Early life and education . Robert Ward Johnson was born on July 22 , 1814 , in Scott County , Kentucky , to Benjamin and Matilda ( Williams ) Johnson . His father had three brothers who were elected as U.S . Congressmen and the family was politically prominent in the state . His grandfather had acquired thousands of acres of land in the area at the end of the eighteenth century . The family were slaveholders . His siblings included a sister Juliette . His paternal uncles were Richard Johnson , a United States Representative and Senator , and vice president of the United States under Martin Van Buren ; and his brothers James Johnson and John Telemachus Johnson , older and younger , respectively , who were each elected as U.S . Representatives from Kentucky . In 1821 when Johnson was seven , his parents moved the family to Arkansas Territory , where his father had been appointed as Superior Judge . They settled in Little Rock . His father was appointed in 1836 as the first federal district judge in the new state of Arkansas . Johnson was later sent back to Kentucky to study at the Choctaw Academy , which his uncle Richard Johnson had founded in 1825 on his farm near Georgetown , primarily to educate Choctaw boys from the Southeast in the English language and European-American culture . He was handsomely paid by the federal government . At times , 200–300 boys attended the academy . The Choctaw students were at the school in the period prior to the Indian Removal in the 1830s of the Five Civilized Tribes , but they were under pressure in the Southeast from encroaching settlers . His uncle kept the school going into the late 1830s , after some peoples had been forcibly relocated to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River . The young Johnson went on to study at St . Josephs College , an academy in Bardstown , and graduated . After St . Josephs , Johnson returned to Little Rock . He studied law as a legal apprentice and was admitted to the bar in 1835 . He married Sarah Frances Smith in 1836 . They had six children together ; three survived to adulthood . Sarah died in 1862 , during the American Civil War . The next year , Johnson at the age of 49 married her younger sister , Laura . They had no children . Political career . In Little Rock , Johnson soon became involved in Democratic Party politics . He was elected as the prosecuting attorney for Little Rock and served from 1840 to 1843 . He effectively acted as the states attorney . His sister Juliette married Ambrose Sevier , who was later elected as US Senator from Arkansas . Both Sevier and Johnson became part of The Family , a group of men related by marriage and politics , who dominated the state Democratic Party and politics , and its national representation in the antebellum years . Prior to the American Civil War , Johnson moved his family to Helena , Arkansas , in the Mississippi Delta , where he established his law practice . Johnson was elected from there , beginning in 1846 , to the Thirtieth , Thirty-first , and Thirty-second Congresses . He became chairman of the House Committee on Indian Affairs . In this period , his brother-in-law Sevier was chair of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs . Johnson declined to run for reelection in 1852 . He was appointed by the legislature to the United States Senate to fill the unexpired term of Senator Solon Borland . In 1855 , he was elected by the legislature to the seat , serving the full term until 3 March 1861 . After the outbreak of the American Civil War , he served as a delegate to the Provisional Government of the Confederate States in 1862 . He served as a member of the Confederate Senate from 1862 to 1865 . Later life and death . The American Civil War ended Johnsons political career . Property damage and the abolition of slavery ruined him economically . After the war , he practiced law in Washington , D.C. , for more than a decade . Returning to Arkansas in the late 1870s , he ran unsuccessfully for reelection to the Senate in 1878 . Johnson died in Little Rock in 1879 . He is buried in the historic Mount Holly Cemetery there .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert Ward Johnson ( July 22 , 1814 – July 26 , 1879 ) was an American planter and lawyer who served as the senior Confederate States senator for Arkansas , a seat that he was elected to in 1861 . He previously served as a delegate from Arkansas to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1862 . Early life and education .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "Robert Ward Johnson was born on July 22 , 1814 , in Scott County , Kentucky , to Benjamin and Matilda ( Williams ) Johnson . His father had three brothers who were elected as U.S . Congressmen and the family was politically prominent in the state . His grandfather had acquired thousands of acres of land in the area at the end of the eighteenth century . The family were slaveholders . His siblings included a sister Juliette . His paternal uncles were Richard Johnson , a United States Representative and Senator , and vice president of the United",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "States under Martin Van Buren ; and his brothers James Johnson and John Telemachus Johnson , older and younger , respectively , who were each elected as U.S . Representatives from Kentucky .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "In 1821 when Johnson was seven , his parents moved the family to Arkansas Territory , where his father had been appointed as Superior Judge . They settled in Little Rock . His father was appointed in 1836 as the first federal district judge in the new state of Arkansas . Johnson was later sent back to Kentucky to study at the Choctaw Academy , which his uncle Richard Johnson had founded in 1825 on his farm near Georgetown , primarily to educate Choctaw boys from the Southeast in the English language and European-American culture . He was handsomely paid",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "by the federal government .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": " At times , 200–300 boys attended the academy . The Choctaw students were at the school in the period prior to the Indian Removal in the 1830s of the Five Civilized Tribes , but they were under pressure in the Southeast from encroaching settlers . His uncle kept the school going into the late 1830s , after some peoples had been forcibly relocated to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River . The young Johnson went on to study at St . Josephs College , an academy in Bardstown , and graduated .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": "After St . Josephs , Johnson returned to Little Rock . He studied law as a legal apprentice and was admitted to the bar in 1835 . He married Sarah Frances Smith in 1836 . They had six children together ; three survived to adulthood . Sarah died in 1862 , during the American Civil War . The next year , Johnson at the age of 49 married her younger sister , Laura . They had no children .",
"title": "Robert Ward Johnson"
},
{
"text": " In Little Rock , Johnson soon became involved in Democratic Party politics . He was elected as the prosecuting attorney for Little Rock and served from 1840 to 1843 . He effectively acted as the states attorney . His sister Juliette married Ambrose Sevier , who was later elected as US Senator from Arkansas . Both Sevier and Johnson became part of The Family , a group of men related by marriage and politics , who dominated the state Democratic Party and politics , and its national representation in the antebellum years .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Prior to the American Civil War , Johnson moved his family to Helena , Arkansas , in the Mississippi Delta , where he established his law practice . Johnson was elected from there , beginning in 1846 , to the Thirtieth , Thirty-first , and Thirty-second Congresses . He became chairman of the House Committee on Indian Affairs . In this period , his brother-in-law Sevier was chair of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Johnson declined to run for reelection in 1852 . He was appointed by the legislature to the United States Senate to fill the unexpired term of Senator Solon Borland . In 1855 , he was elected by the legislature to the seat , serving the full term until 3 March 1861 . After the outbreak of the American Civil War , he served as a delegate to the Provisional Government of the Confederate States in 1862 . He served as a member of the Confederate Senate from 1862 to 1865 . Later life and death .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "The American Civil War ended Johnsons political career . Property damage and the abolition of slavery ruined him economically . After the war , he practiced law in Washington , D.C. , for more than a decade . Returning to Arkansas in the late 1870s , he ran unsuccessfully for reelection to the Senate in 1878 . Johnson died in Little Rock in 1879 . He is buried in the historic Mount Holly Cemetery there .",
"title": "Political career"
}
] |
/wiki/Sir_William_Verner,_1st_Baronet#P39#0
|
Sir William Verner, 1st Baronet took which position in Feb 1833?
|
Sir William Verner , 1st Baronet Sir William Verner , 1st Baronet , KCH ( 25 October 1782 – 20 January 1871 ) , was a British soldier who served in the Napoleonic wars , was wounded at the Battle of Waterloo and resigned as a colonel . He served as a politician , including 36 years as a Member of Parliament . Two of his sons were also members of Parliament . Verner was made Knight Commander of the Hanoverian Order and a Baronet , and was Grand Master of Armagh and Orange Order of Ireland . Early life . William Verner was the son of Colonel James Verner , a Member of Parliament , and Jane Clarke . As a boy , he studied at Woodville , which overlooked Lucan , Dublin . He had the opportunity to attend Trinity College , Dublin , but preferred a career in the army . Military . Verners interest in an army career began when he commanded the Churchill Yeomanry . At first he was a staff officer under the Lord Lieutenant of Dublin in the 7th Queens Own Hussars . He fought in the Peninsular War of the Napoleonic Wars at the Battle of Corunna under Sir John Moore in 1808–1809 . He also fought at the Battle of the Pyrenees under the Duke of Wellington , in 1814 at the Battle of Orthes and the Battle of Toulouse , and in 1815 the Battle of Waterloo , rising to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the 7th Queens Own Hussars , under Lord Henry Paget , 1st Marquess of Anglesey . Verner was wounded by a musket shot to the head at Waterloo and retired from the army with the rank of colonel . Public service . William held three positions as High Sheriff : first for County Monaghan in 1820 , County Armagh 1821 and last for County Tyrone 1823 . He was also a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant of Tyrone . He was a member of the Conservative party and a Member of Parliament for County Armagh between 1832 and 1868 . A supporter of the Protestant Orange Order , he was once struck off the Commission of the Peace by Lord Normanby for toasting the Battle of the Diamond at a public dinner in Ireland . Personal life . Marriage and family . He married Harriet Wingfield , daughter of colonel the Hon . Edward Wingfield , younger son of The 3rd Viscount Powerscourt and Harriet Esther Westenra , on 19 October 1819 . The couple had 2 sons and 8 daughters , at least 2 of which died in infancy . The children were buried at Powerscourt . He seemed to have good relationships with his children , who called their father Taffy . They were : - Sir William Verner , 2nd Baronet ( 4 Apr 1822 - 10 Jan 1873 ) became Member of Parliament for the County Armagh - Sir Edward Wingfield Verner , 4th Baronet ( 1 Oct 1830 - 21 Jun 1899 ) 1863 an MP for Lisburn and after his older brothers death , became MP for County Armagh , a position he held until 1880 when he resigned . - Emily Verner ( d . 13 June 1911 ) married Rev . Hon . Francis Nathanial Clements , son of Nathaniel Clements , 2nd Earl of Leitrim . They had no children . - Frederica Verner ( d . 1909 ) . She married Maj . Henry Guise , son of Sir John Wright Guise , 3rd Baronet . They had two sons . - Constantia Henrietta Frances Verner ( d . 7 Dec 1923 ) . She married William Sandford Pakenham , son of the Very Rev . Hon . Henry Pakenham and Eliza Catherine Sandford . They had six sons , and a daughter . - Amelia - Cecelia - Frances Elizabeth - Harriet Jane Isabella Real estate . Churchill . Following the Battle of Waterloo , and seeing his father in failing health , he took over the running of the family estate , named Churchill , which included the house , a church with a bell inscribed to the Virgin Mary , and graveyard . In 1788 , he received the estates following the death of Thomas Verner , Esquire , his paternal great uncle . In addition to Churchill in Armagh , Thomas Verner also had estates in Meath , Monaghan and Tyrone . Since William was only 5 years-old in 1788 , his parents James and Jane moved into the home with their family and were guardians of the residence until 1807 . During the Great Famine of Ireland ( 1845–1852 ) , Verner offered work to any of his tenants in need and reduced rents by as much as half . Inismagh . Verner also had property at Annahoe in County Tyrone , Ireland . Eaton Square . Verner met his wife in London and after they were married they bought a home there at 86 Eaton Square . Harriet also visited her parents often at Corke Abbey . Death . Verner had good health until 1870 when he began to decline . He died on 20 January 1871 at his home at Eaton Square . His body was sent to Loughgall , County Armagh , in Ulster for his funeral and burial . The procession was 2 miles long and was estimated to have included 10,000 people . Titles , styles , honours and arms . In 1837 , he was also made Knight Commander of the Hanoverian Order by Sir Robert Peel or William IV . On 22 July 1846 , Verner was created a baronet , of Verners Bridge in the County of County Armagh . He was a Grand Master for Armagh and a Deputy Grand Master of the Orange Order for Ireland .
|
[
"Member of Parliament"
] |
[
{
"text": " Sir William Verner , 1st Baronet , KCH ( 25 October 1782 – 20 January 1871 ) , was a British soldier who served in the Napoleonic wars , was wounded at the Battle of Waterloo and resigned as a colonel . He served as a politician , including 36 years as a Member of Parliament . Two of his sons were also members of Parliament . Verner was made Knight Commander of the Hanoverian Order and a Baronet , and was Grand Master of Armagh and Orange Order of Ireland .",
"title": "Sir William Verner , 1st Baronet"
},
{
"text": " William Verner was the son of Colonel James Verner , a Member of Parliament , and Jane Clarke . As a boy , he studied at Woodville , which overlooked Lucan , Dublin . He had the opportunity to attend Trinity College , Dublin , but preferred a career in the army .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Verners interest in an army career began when he commanded the Churchill Yeomanry . At first he was a staff officer under the Lord Lieutenant of Dublin in the 7th Queens Own Hussars . He fought in the Peninsular War of the Napoleonic Wars at the Battle of Corunna under Sir John Moore in 1808–1809 . He also fought at the Battle of the Pyrenees under the Duke of Wellington , in 1814 at the Battle of Orthes and the Battle of Toulouse , and in 1815 the Battle of Waterloo , rising to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the",
"title": "Military"
},
{
"text": "7th Queens Own Hussars , under Lord Henry Paget , 1st Marquess of Anglesey . Verner was wounded by a musket shot to the head at Waterloo and retired from the army with the rank of colonel .",
"title": "Military"
},
{
"text": " William held three positions as High Sheriff : first for County Monaghan in 1820 , County Armagh 1821 and last for County Tyrone 1823 . He was also a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant of Tyrone . He was a member of the Conservative party and a Member of Parliament for County Armagh between 1832 and 1868 . A supporter of the Protestant Orange Order , he was once struck off the Commission of the Peace by Lord Normanby for toasting the Battle of the Diamond at a public dinner in Ireland .",
"title": "Public service"
},
{
"text": " He married Harriet Wingfield , daughter of colonel the Hon . Edward Wingfield , younger son of The 3rd Viscount Powerscourt and Harriet Esther Westenra , on 19 October 1819 . The couple had 2 sons and 8 daughters , at least 2 of which died in infancy . The children were buried at Powerscourt . He seemed to have good relationships with his children , who called their father Taffy . They were : - Sir William Verner , 2nd Baronet ( 4 Apr 1822 - 10 Jan 1873 ) became Member of Parliament for the County Armagh",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Sir Edward Wingfield Verner , 4th Baronet ( 1 Oct 1830 - 21 Jun 1899 ) 1863 an MP for Lisburn and after his older brothers death , became MP for County Armagh , a position he held until 1880 when he resigned .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Emily Verner ( d . 13 June 1911 ) married Rev . Hon . Francis Nathanial Clements , son of Nathaniel Clements , 2nd Earl of Leitrim . They had no children . - Frederica Verner ( d . 1909 ) . She married Maj . Henry Guise , son of Sir John Wright Guise , 3rd Baronet . They had two sons .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Constantia Henrietta Frances Verner ( d . 7 Dec 1923 ) . She married William Sandford Pakenham , son of the Very Rev . Hon . Henry Pakenham and Eliza Catherine Sandford . They had six sons , and a daughter .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "Following the Battle of Waterloo , and seeing his father in failing health , he took over the running of the family estate , named Churchill , which included the house , a church with a bell inscribed to the Virgin Mary , and graveyard . In 1788 , he received the estates following the death of Thomas Verner , Esquire , his paternal great uncle . In addition to Churchill in Armagh , Thomas Verner also had estates in Meath , Monaghan and Tyrone . Since William was only 5 years-old in 1788 , his parents James and Jane",
"title": "Churchill"
},
{
"text": "moved into the home with their family and were guardians of the residence until 1807 .",
"title": "Churchill"
},
{
"text": " During the Great Famine of Ireland ( 1845–1852 ) , Verner offered work to any of his tenants in need and reduced rents by as much as half .",
"title": "Churchill"
},
{
"text": " Verner met his wife in London and after they were married they bought a home there at 86 Eaton Square . Harriet also visited her parents often at Corke Abbey .",
"title": "Eaton Square"
},
{
"text": " Verner had good health until 1870 when he began to decline . He died on 20 January 1871 at his home at Eaton Square . His body was sent to Loughgall , County Armagh , in Ulster for his funeral and burial . The procession was 2 miles long and was estimated to have included 10,000 people . Titles , styles , honours and arms .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "In 1837 , he was also made Knight Commander of the Hanoverian Order by Sir Robert Peel or William IV . On 22 July 1846 , Verner was created a baronet , of Verners Bridge in the County of County Armagh . He was a Grand Master for Armagh and a Deputy Grand Master of the Orange Order for Ireland .",
"title": "Death"
}
] |
/wiki/Sir_William_Verner,_1st_Baronet#P39#1
|
Sir William Verner, 1st Baronet took which position between May 1842 and Feb 1857?
|
Sir William Verner , 1st Baronet Sir William Verner , 1st Baronet , KCH ( 25 October 1782 – 20 January 1871 ) , was a British soldier who served in the Napoleonic wars , was wounded at the Battle of Waterloo and resigned as a colonel . He served as a politician , including 36 years as a Member of Parliament . Two of his sons were also members of Parliament . Verner was made Knight Commander of the Hanoverian Order and a Baronet , and was Grand Master of Armagh and Orange Order of Ireland . Early life . William Verner was the son of Colonel James Verner , a Member of Parliament , and Jane Clarke . As a boy , he studied at Woodville , which overlooked Lucan , Dublin . He had the opportunity to attend Trinity College , Dublin , but preferred a career in the army . Military . Verners interest in an army career began when he commanded the Churchill Yeomanry . At first he was a staff officer under the Lord Lieutenant of Dublin in the 7th Queens Own Hussars . He fought in the Peninsular War of the Napoleonic Wars at the Battle of Corunna under Sir John Moore in 1808–1809 . He also fought at the Battle of the Pyrenees under the Duke of Wellington , in 1814 at the Battle of Orthes and the Battle of Toulouse , and in 1815 the Battle of Waterloo , rising to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the 7th Queens Own Hussars , under Lord Henry Paget , 1st Marquess of Anglesey . Verner was wounded by a musket shot to the head at Waterloo and retired from the army with the rank of colonel . Public service . William held three positions as High Sheriff : first for County Monaghan in 1820 , County Armagh 1821 and last for County Tyrone 1823 . He was also a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant of Tyrone . He was a member of the Conservative party and a Member of Parliament for County Armagh between 1832 and 1868 . A supporter of the Protestant Orange Order , he was once struck off the Commission of the Peace by Lord Normanby for toasting the Battle of the Diamond at a public dinner in Ireland . Personal life . Marriage and family . He married Harriet Wingfield , daughter of colonel the Hon . Edward Wingfield , younger son of The 3rd Viscount Powerscourt and Harriet Esther Westenra , on 19 October 1819 . The couple had 2 sons and 8 daughters , at least 2 of which died in infancy . The children were buried at Powerscourt . He seemed to have good relationships with his children , who called their father Taffy . They were : - Sir William Verner , 2nd Baronet ( 4 Apr 1822 - 10 Jan 1873 ) became Member of Parliament for the County Armagh - Sir Edward Wingfield Verner , 4th Baronet ( 1 Oct 1830 - 21 Jun 1899 ) 1863 an MP for Lisburn and after his older brothers death , became MP for County Armagh , a position he held until 1880 when he resigned . - Emily Verner ( d . 13 June 1911 ) married Rev . Hon . Francis Nathanial Clements , son of Nathaniel Clements , 2nd Earl of Leitrim . They had no children . - Frederica Verner ( d . 1909 ) . She married Maj . Henry Guise , son of Sir John Wright Guise , 3rd Baronet . They had two sons . - Constantia Henrietta Frances Verner ( d . 7 Dec 1923 ) . She married William Sandford Pakenham , son of the Very Rev . Hon . Henry Pakenham and Eliza Catherine Sandford . They had six sons , and a daughter . - Amelia - Cecelia - Frances Elizabeth - Harriet Jane Isabella Real estate . Churchill . Following the Battle of Waterloo , and seeing his father in failing health , he took over the running of the family estate , named Churchill , which included the house , a church with a bell inscribed to the Virgin Mary , and graveyard . In 1788 , he received the estates following the death of Thomas Verner , Esquire , his paternal great uncle . In addition to Churchill in Armagh , Thomas Verner also had estates in Meath , Monaghan and Tyrone . Since William was only 5 years-old in 1788 , his parents James and Jane moved into the home with their family and were guardians of the residence until 1807 . During the Great Famine of Ireland ( 1845–1852 ) , Verner offered work to any of his tenants in need and reduced rents by as much as half . Inismagh . Verner also had property at Annahoe in County Tyrone , Ireland . Eaton Square . Verner met his wife in London and after they were married they bought a home there at 86 Eaton Square . Harriet also visited her parents often at Corke Abbey . Death . Verner had good health until 1870 when he began to decline . He died on 20 January 1871 at his home at Eaton Square . His body was sent to Loughgall , County Armagh , in Ulster for his funeral and burial . The procession was 2 miles long and was estimated to have included 10,000 people . Titles , styles , honours and arms . In 1837 , he was also made Knight Commander of the Hanoverian Order by Sir Robert Peel or William IV . On 22 July 1846 , Verner was created a baronet , of Verners Bridge in the County of County Armagh . He was a Grand Master for Armagh and a Deputy Grand Master of the Orange Order for Ireland .
|
[
"Member of Parliament"
] |
[
{
"text": " Sir William Verner , 1st Baronet , KCH ( 25 October 1782 – 20 January 1871 ) , was a British soldier who served in the Napoleonic wars , was wounded at the Battle of Waterloo and resigned as a colonel . He served as a politician , including 36 years as a Member of Parliament . Two of his sons were also members of Parliament . Verner was made Knight Commander of the Hanoverian Order and a Baronet , and was Grand Master of Armagh and Orange Order of Ireland .",
"title": "Sir William Verner , 1st Baronet"
},
{
"text": " William Verner was the son of Colonel James Verner , a Member of Parliament , and Jane Clarke . As a boy , he studied at Woodville , which overlooked Lucan , Dublin . He had the opportunity to attend Trinity College , Dublin , but preferred a career in the army .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Verners interest in an army career began when he commanded the Churchill Yeomanry . At first he was a staff officer under the Lord Lieutenant of Dublin in the 7th Queens Own Hussars . He fought in the Peninsular War of the Napoleonic Wars at the Battle of Corunna under Sir John Moore in 1808–1809 . He also fought at the Battle of the Pyrenees under the Duke of Wellington , in 1814 at the Battle of Orthes and the Battle of Toulouse , and in 1815 the Battle of Waterloo , rising to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the",
"title": "Military"
},
{
"text": "7th Queens Own Hussars , under Lord Henry Paget , 1st Marquess of Anglesey . Verner was wounded by a musket shot to the head at Waterloo and retired from the army with the rank of colonel .",
"title": "Military"
},
{
"text": " William held three positions as High Sheriff : first for County Monaghan in 1820 , County Armagh 1821 and last for County Tyrone 1823 . He was also a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant of Tyrone . He was a member of the Conservative party and a Member of Parliament for County Armagh between 1832 and 1868 . A supporter of the Protestant Orange Order , he was once struck off the Commission of the Peace by Lord Normanby for toasting the Battle of the Diamond at a public dinner in Ireland .",
"title": "Public service"
},
{
"text": " He married Harriet Wingfield , daughter of colonel the Hon . Edward Wingfield , younger son of The 3rd Viscount Powerscourt and Harriet Esther Westenra , on 19 October 1819 . The couple had 2 sons and 8 daughters , at least 2 of which died in infancy . The children were buried at Powerscourt . He seemed to have good relationships with his children , who called their father Taffy . They were : - Sir William Verner , 2nd Baronet ( 4 Apr 1822 - 10 Jan 1873 ) became Member of Parliament for the County Armagh",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Sir Edward Wingfield Verner , 4th Baronet ( 1 Oct 1830 - 21 Jun 1899 ) 1863 an MP for Lisburn and after his older brothers death , became MP for County Armagh , a position he held until 1880 when he resigned .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Emily Verner ( d . 13 June 1911 ) married Rev . Hon . Francis Nathanial Clements , son of Nathaniel Clements , 2nd Earl of Leitrim . They had no children . - Frederica Verner ( d . 1909 ) . She married Maj . Henry Guise , son of Sir John Wright Guise , 3rd Baronet . They had two sons .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Constantia Henrietta Frances Verner ( d . 7 Dec 1923 ) . She married William Sandford Pakenham , son of the Very Rev . Hon . Henry Pakenham and Eliza Catherine Sandford . They had six sons , and a daughter .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "Following the Battle of Waterloo , and seeing his father in failing health , he took over the running of the family estate , named Churchill , which included the house , a church with a bell inscribed to the Virgin Mary , and graveyard . In 1788 , he received the estates following the death of Thomas Verner , Esquire , his paternal great uncle . In addition to Churchill in Armagh , Thomas Verner also had estates in Meath , Monaghan and Tyrone . Since William was only 5 years-old in 1788 , his parents James and Jane",
"title": "Churchill"
},
{
"text": "moved into the home with their family and were guardians of the residence until 1807 .",
"title": "Churchill"
},
{
"text": " During the Great Famine of Ireland ( 1845–1852 ) , Verner offered work to any of his tenants in need and reduced rents by as much as half .",
"title": "Churchill"
},
{
"text": " Verner met his wife in London and after they were married they bought a home there at 86 Eaton Square . Harriet also visited her parents often at Corke Abbey .",
"title": "Eaton Square"
},
{
"text": " Verner had good health until 1870 when he began to decline . He died on 20 January 1871 at his home at Eaton Square . His body was sent to Loughgall , County Armagh , in Ulster for his funeral and burial . The procession was 2 miles long and was estimated to have included 10,000 people . Titles , styles , honours and arms .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "In 1837 , he was also made Knight Commander of the Hanoverian Order by Sir Robert Peel or William IV . On 22 July 1846 , Verner was created a baronet , of Verners Bridge in the County of County Armagh . He was a Grand Master for Armagh and a Deputy Grand Master of the Orange Order for Ireland .",
"title": "Death"
}
] |
/wiki/Sir_William_Verner,_1st_Baronet#P39#2
|
Sir William Verner, 1st Baronet took which position before Nov 1824?
|
Sir William Verner , 1st Baronet Sir William Verner , 1st Baronet , KCH ( 25 October 1782 – 20 January 1871 ) , was a British soldier who served in the Napoleonic wars , was wounded at the Battle of Waterloo and resigned as a colonel . He served as a politician , including 36 years as a Member of Parliament . Two of his sons were also members of Parliament . Verner was made Knight Commander of the Hanoverian Order and a Baronet , and was Grand Master of Armagh and Orange Order of Ireland . Early life . William Verner was the son of Colonel James Verner , a Member of Parliament , and Jane Clarke . As a boy , he studied at Woodville , which overlooked Lucan , Dublin . He had the opportunity to attend Trinity College , Dublin , but preferred a career in the army . Military . Verners interest in an army career began when he commanded the Churchill Yeomanry . At first he was a staff officer under the Lord Lieutenant of Dublin in the 7th Queens Own Hussars . He fought in the Peninsular War of the Napoleonic Wars at the Battle of Corunna under Sir John Moore in 1808–1809 . He also fought at the Battle of the Pyrenees under the Duke of Wellington , in 1814 at the Battle of Orthes and the Battle of Toulouse , and in 1815 the Battle of Waterloo , rising to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the 7th Queens Own Hussars , under Lord Henry Paget , 1st Marquess of Anglesey . Verner was wounded by a musket shot to the head at Waterloo and retired from the army with the rank of colonel . Public service . William held three positions as High Sheriff : first for County Monaghan in 1820 , County Armagh 1821 and last for County Tyrone 1823 . He was also a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant of Tyrone . He was a member of the Conservative party and a Member of Parliament for County Armagh between 1832 and 1868 . A supporter of the Protestant Orange Order , he was once struck off the Commission of the Peace by Lord Normanby for toasting the Battle of the Diamond at a public dinner in Ireland . Personal life . Marriage and family . He married Harriet Wingfield , daughter of colonel the Hon . Edward Wingfield , younger son of The 3rd Viscount Powerscourt and Harriet Esther Westenra , on 19 October 1819 . The couple had 2 sons and 8 daughters , at least 2 of which died in infancy . The children were buried at Powerscourt . He seemed to have good relationships with his children , who called their father Taffy . They were : - Sir William Verner , 2nd Baronet ( 4 Apr 1822 - 10 Jan 1873 ) became Member of Parliament for the County Armagh - Sir Edward Wingfield Verner , 4th Baronet ( 1 Oct 1830 - 21 Jun 1899 ) 1863 an MP for Lisburn and after his older brothers death , became MP for County Armagh , a position he held until 1880 when he resigned . - Emily Verner ( d . 13 June 1911 ) married Rev . Hon . Francis Nathanial Clements , son of Nathaniel Clements , 2nd Earl of Leitrim . They had no children . - Frederica Verner ( d . 1909 ) . She married Maj . Henry Guise , son of Sir John Wright Guise , 3rd Baronet . They had two sons . - Constantia Henrietta Frances Verner ( d . 7 Dec 1923 ) . She married William Sandford Pakenham , son of the Very Rev . Hon . Henry Pakenham and Eliza Catherine Sandford . They had six sons , and a daughter . - Amelia - Cecelia - Frances Elizabeth - Harriet Jane Isabella Real estate . Churchill . Following the Battle of Waterloo , and seeing his father in failing health , he took over the running of the family estate , named Churchill , which included the house , a church with a bell inscribed to the Virgin Mary , and graveyard . In 1788 , he received the estates following the death of Thomas Verner , Esquire , his paternal great uncle . In addition to Churchill in Armagh , Thomas Verner also had estates in Meath , Monaghan and Tyrone . Since William was only 5 years-old in 1788 , his parents James and Jane moved into the home with their family and were guardians of the residence until 1807 . During the Great Famine of Ireland ( 1845–1852 ) , Verner offered work to any of his tenants in need and reduced rents by as much as half . Inismagh . Verner also had property at Annahoe in County Tyrone , Ireland . Eaton Square . Verner met his wife in London and after they were married they bought a home there at 86 Eaton Square . Harriet also visited her parents often at Corke Abbey . Death . Verner had good health until 1870 when he began to decline . He died on 20 January 1871 at his home at Eaton Square . His body was sent to Loughgall , County Armagh , in Ulster for his funeral and burial . The procession was 2 miles long and was estimated to have included 10,000 people . Titles , styles , honours and arms . In 1837 , he was also made Knight Commander of the Hanoverian Order by Sir Robert Peel or William IV . On 22 July 1846 , Verner was created a baronet , of Verners Bridge in the County of County Armagh . He was a Grand Master for Armagh and a Deputy Grand Master of the Orange Order for Ireland .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Sir William Verner , 1st Baronet , KCH ( 25 October 1782 – 20 January 1871 ) , was a British soldier who served in the Napoleonic wars , was wounded at the Battle of Waterloo and resigned as a colonel . He served as a politician , including 36 years as a Member of Parliament . Two of his sons were also members of Parliament . Verner was made Knight Commander of the Hanoverian Order and a Baronet , and was Grand Master of Armagh and Orange Order of Ireland .",
"title": "Sir William Verner , 1st Baronet"
},
{
"text": " William Verner was the son of Colonel James Verner , a Member of Parliament , and Jane Clarke . As a boy , he studied at Woodville , which overlooked Lucan , Dublin . He had the opportunity to attend Trinity College , Dublin , but preferred a career in the army .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Verners interest in an army career began when he commanded the Churchill Yeomanry . At first he was a staff officer under the Lord Lieutenant of Dublin in the 7th Queens Own Hussars . He fought in the Peninsular War of the Napoleonic Wars at the Battle of Corunna under Sir John Moore in 1808–1809 . He also fought at the Battle of the Pyrenees under the Duke of Wellington , in 1814 at the Battle of Orthes and the Battle of Toulouse , and in 1815 the Battle of Waterloo , rising to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the",
"title": "Military"
},
{
"text": "7th Queens Own Hussars , under Lord Henry Paget , 1st Marquess of Anglesey . Verner was wounded by a musket shot to the head at Waterloo and retired from the army with the rank of colonel .",
"title": "Military"
},
{
"text": " William held three positions as High Sheriff : first for County Monaghan in 1820 , County Armagh 1821 and last for County Tyrone 1823 . He was also a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant of Tyrone . He was a member of the Conservative party and a Member of Parliament for County Armagh between 1832 and 1868 . A supporter of the Protestant Orange Order , he was once struck off the Commission of the Peace by Lord Normanby for toasting the Battle of the Diamond at a public dinner in Ireland .",
"title": "Public service"
},
{
"text": " He married Harriet Wingfield , daughter of colonel the Hon . Edward Wingfield , younger son of The 3rd Viscount Powerscourt and Harriet Esther Westenra , on 19 October 1819 . The couple had 2 sons and 8 daughters , at least 2 of which died in infancy . The children were buried at Powerscourt . He seemed to have good relationships with his children , who called their father Taffy . They were : - Sir William Verner , 2nd Baronet ( 4 Apr 1822 - 10 Jan 1873 ) became Member of Parliament for the County Armagh",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Sir Edward Wingfield Verner , 4th Baronet ( 1 Oct 1830 - 21 Jun 1899 ) 1863 an MP for Lisburn and after his older brothers death , became MP for County Armagh , a position he held until 1880 when he resigned .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": " - Emily Verner ( d . 13 June 1911 ) married Rev . Hon . Francis Nathanial Clements , son of Nathaniel Clements , 2nd Earl of Leitrim . They had no children . - Frederica Verner ( d . 1909 ) . She married Maj . Henry Guise , son of Sir John Wright Guise , 3rd Baronet . They had two sons .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "- Constantia Henrietta Frances Verner ( d . 7 Dec 1923 ) . She married William Sandford Pakenham , son of the Very Rev . Hon . Henry Pakenham and Eliza Catherine Sandford . They had six sons , and a daughter .",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"text": "Following the Battle of Waterloo , and seeing his father in failing health , he took over the running of the family estate , named Churchill , which included the house , a church with a bell inscribed to the Virgin Mary , and graveyard . In 1788 , he received the estates following the death of Thomas Verner , Esquire , his paternal great uncle . In addition to Churchill in Armagh , Thomas Verner also had estates in Meath , Monaghan and Tyrone . Since William was only 5 years-old in 1788 , his parents James and Jane",
"title": "Churchill"
},
{
"text": "moved into the home with their family and were guardians of the residence until 1807 .",
"title": "Churchill"
},
{
"text": " During the Great Famine of Ireland ( 1845–1852 ) , Verner offered work to any of his tenants in need and reduced rents by as much as half .",
"title": "Churchill"
},
{
"text": " Verner met his wife in London and after they were married they bought a home there at 86 Eaton Square . Harriet also visited her parents often at Corke Abbey .",
"title": "Eaton Square"
},
{
"text": " Verner had good health until 1870 when he began to decline . He died on 20 January 1871 at his home at Eaton Square . His body was sent to Loughgall , County Armagh , in Ulster for his funeral and burial . The procession was 2 miles long and was estimated to have included 10,000 people . Titles , styles , honours and arms .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "In 1837 , he was also made Knight Commander of the Hanoverian Order by Sir Robert Peel or William IV . On 22 July 1846 , Verner was created a baronet , of Verners Bridge in the County of County Armagh . He was a Grand Master for Armagh and a Deputy Grand Master of the Orange Order for Ireland .",
"title": "Death"
}
] |
/wiki/Henry_McMaster#P39#0
|
Which position did Henry McMaster hold between Apr 1995 and Aug 1999?
|
Henry McMaster Henry Dargan McMaster ( born May 27 , 1947 ) is an American politician , attorney , and member of the Republican Party who has been the 117th governor of South Carolina since January 24 , 2017 . McMaster worked for U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond , in private practice , and as a federal prosecutor . Appointed United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina by President Ronald Reagan in 1981 , he gained attention for investigating South Carolina marijuana smugglers in Operation Jackpot . McMaster was the Republican nominee for U.S . Senate in South Carolina in 1986 , losing to incumbent Democrat Fritz Hollings . He was then defeated for lieutenant governor of South Carolina by Democrat Nick Theodore in 1990 . McMaster chaired the South Carolina Republican Party from 1993 to 2002 . He was elected attorney general of South Carolina in 2002 and reelected in 2006 . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor but lost to Nikki Haley in the Republican primary . In 2011 , Haley appointed him to the South Carolina Ports Authority , a position from which he resigned after being elected lieutenant governor of South Carolina in 2014 . McMaster succeeded to the office of governor when Haley resigned to become the United States Ambassador to the United Nations . He won a full four-year term in the 2018 gubernatorial election after winning a runoff for the Republican nomination and defeating Democratic nominee James E . Smith Jr . in the general election . Early life . McMaster was born on May 27 , 1947 , in Columbia , South Carolina . He is the eldest son of John Gregg and Ida Dargan ( Pet ) McMaster . He received a bachelors degree in history from the University of South Carolina in 1969 . In 1973 , he graduated from the University of South Carolina School of Law , where he served on the editorial board of the South Carolina Law Review . Later that year , he was admitted to the Richland County Bar Association of the South Carolina Bar . He served in the United States Army Reserves , receiving an honorable discharge in 1975 . Upon graduation from law school , McMaster worked as a legislative assistant to U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond in Washington , D.C . until 1974 , when he joined the firm of Tompkins and McMaster . He was admitted to practice before the federal Court of Claims in 1974 , before the U.S . Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in 1975 , and upon Thurmonds motion , before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1978 . McMaster practiced law for almost 29 years , both as a federal prosecutor and in private practice , representing clients in the state and federal courts , trial and appellate . Early political career . United States Attorney . Upon Thurmonds recommendation , President Ronald Reagan nominated McMaster as United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina in 1981—Reagans first nomination for U.S . Attorney . The Senate confirmed McMaster on May 21 , 1981 . He headed the South Carolina Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee from 1981 to 1985 . During his tenure , McMaster created the federal drug task force Operation Jackpot to investigate South Carolina marijuana smugglers . Operation Jackpot ultimately arrested more than 100 people for crimes related to marijuana and hashish trafficking . McMaster held numerous press conferences during the operation and gained publicity through interviews and comments . His actions were criticized as political , with journalist Lee Bandy writing , no one can recall any other U.S . attorney being so public-relations conscious and noting that McMaster had held more press conferences and news releases than all his predecessors combined . McMaster completed his term as U.S . Attorney on December 31 , 1985 . Election bids and state appointments . In 1986 , after considering races for South Carolina lieutenant governor and attorney general , McMaster won the spirited Republican primary for the United States Senate against Henry Jordan , 27,696 votes ( 53.4% ) to 24,164 ( 46.6% ) . McMaster lost the general election in a landslide to four-term Democratic incumbent Ernest Hollings , 463,354 votes ( 63.1% ) to 261,394 ( 35.6% ) . In 1990 , McMaster ran for lieutenant governor . He defeated Sherry Shealy Martschink in the Republican primary , 49,463 votes ( 51.46% ) to 46,660 ( 48.54% ) , but again lost to the Democratic incumbent . He received 309,038 votes ( 41.19% ) to Nick Theodores 440,844 ( 58.75% ) . In 1991 , Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . appointed McMaster to the states Commission on Higher Education , and the South Carolina Senate confirmed him . He also served on the Board of Directors of the nonprofit South Carolina Policy Council from 1991 to 2003 , serving as board chairman from 1992 to 1993 . South Carolina Republican Party Chair . On May 8 , 1993 , McMaster was elected Chairman of the South Carolina Republican Party . He was reelected by the State Republican Convention in 1996 , 1998 and 2000 . In this capacity , he also served as a member of the Republican National Committee from 1993 to 2002 . Under McMasters chairmanship , the Republican Party captured the governorship , several statewide offices and ( with party switches ) the State House of Representatives in 1994 , and finally captured control of the powerful State Senate in 2000 . Under McMaster , the South Carolina GOP also ran highly contentious and successful presidential primaries in 1996 ( won by Bob Dole ) and 2000 ( won by George W . Bush ) . On March 28 , 2002 , McMaster announced his resignation as party chairman so that he could run for attorney general . Attorney General of South Carolina . McMaster placed first in the Republican primary for attorney general , with 126,164 votes ( 42.41% ) , ahead of State Senator and former judge Larry Richter and attorney Jon E . Ozmint . He defeated Richter in the runoff , 162,014 votes ( 55.8% ) to 128,271 ( 44.2% ) . In the general election , McMaster defeated Democratic attorney and former Director of the South Carolina Department of Probation , Parole and Pardon Services Stephen K . Benjamin , 601,931 votes ( 55.5% ) to 482,560 ( 44.5% ) . He was reelected in 2006 , unopposed in both the Republican primary and the general election . Run for governor ; Ports Authority . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor , but finished third in the Republican primary with 71,187 votes ( 16.94% ) , ahead of Lieutenant Governor André Bauers 52,324 ( 12.45% ) but behind U.S . Representative Gresham Barretts 91,461 ( 21.76% ) and State Representative Nikki Haleys 205,360 ( 48.86% ) . He immediately endorsed Haley , who had been the front-runner throughout the race and defeated Barrett in the runoff by a landslide . In 2011 , Haley appointed McMaster to the South Carolina Ports Authority , succeeding Harry Butler Jr . McMaster left the Ports Authority in 2015 and was replaced by Kurt D . Grindstaff . Campaign finance violation . On January 6 , 2015 , the Ethics Commission of South Carolina accused McMaster of accepting about $70,000 in donations to his 2010 campaign for governor , exceeding South Carolinas limit for donations by $51,850 . The commission released documents stating that McMaster accepted these extra funds to help settle campaign debt . In September 2015 , the commission refused to dismiss the complaint and McMasters attorney indicated McMaster was likely to settle . In March 2016 , the commission ordered McMaster to repay $72,700 in excess campaign contributions from his 2010 run for governor and pay a $5,100 fine . Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina . McMaster filed to run for lieutenant governor of South Carolina on March 27 , 2014 . He received 44% of the vote in a four-way Republican Party primary , forcing a runoff between him and Mike Campbell , son of former Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . McMaster defeated Campbell with 63.6% of the vote and faced Democratic State Representative Bakari Sellers in the general election . Upon his inauguration , he succeeded Democrat Yancey McGill . During the campaign , Sellers challenged McMaster to renounce his 30-year membership in Columbias Forest Lake Country Club , a private country club alleged to exclude black members ; in response , McMasters campaign manager said that the club [ had ] no policies of racial discrimination and that McMaster would not be a member if it did . On November 4 , 2014 , McMaster was elected lieutenant governor with 58.8% of the vote . McMaster was elected on a separate ticket from Governor Haley , the last time a lieutenant governor was elected in this manner ; as of 2018 , candidates for governor and lieutenant governor run on the same ticket . During the 2016 presidential campaign , McMaster was an early and avid supporter of Donald Trump . He claimed to be the first elected politician in the United States to support Trump . After Trump won the Republican nomination , McMaster delivered the nominating speech at the Republican National Convention . Governor of South Carolina . Elections . On November 23 , 2016 , President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Haley as Ambassador to the United Nations . On January 24 , 2017 , the Senate confirmed Haley . Later that day , she resigned as governor and McMaster assumed the governorship . Inaugurated at the age of 69 years and 8 months , McMaster is the oldest person ever to assume the office of governor in South Carolina . McMaster served the remainder of Haleys term , which expired in January 2019 . Per the South Carolina constitution , McMaster is eligible to serve as governor until January 2027 if he is reelected in 2022 . Before ascending to the office of governor , McMaster declared in September 2016 that he would run in the 2018 election . McMaster won the 2018 election to serve his first four-year term . After McMasters first year as governor , The State evaluated his performance . It praised him for adding 17,000 jobs in the state , his accessibility to state legislators , and his handling of Hurricane Irma in 2017 , but criticized his lack of leadership , citing as an example his veto of a gas-tax increase that would have paid for road repairs and replacements for aging school buses , which members of both parties slammed , including McMasters gubernatorial primary rival Catherine Templeton . The State summed up McMasters first year as mixed . 2018 . On June 12 , 2018 , McMaster placed first in the Republican gubernatorial primary , with 155,072 votes . But since that was 42.3% of the vote , less than a majority , he faced John Warren in a runoff . On June 26 , McMaster won the runoff with about 52% of the vote . McMaster chose businesswoman Pamela Evette as his running mate , not incumbent Lieutenant Governor Kevin L . Bryant , who ran against McMaster for the gubernatorial nomination . Trump endorsed McMaster . McMaster defeated Democratic nominee James Smith in the general election with 54% of the vote . 2022 . McMaster has declared his intention to seek reelection in 2022 and is being challenged by former U.S . Representative Joe Cunningham . Tenure . Richard Quinn corruption investigation . In 2017 , McMaster , the University of South Carolina , BlueCross BlueShield , Columbia Mayor Steve Benjamin , and a number of prominent state legislators were connected to Richard Quinn and Associates , a firm he employed for political consulting . Richard Quinn and Associates was named as part of a larger corruption probe Special Prosecutor David Pascoe conducted within the South Carolina General Assembly , which first ensnared then-Speaker Bobby Harrell , who resigned and pleaded guilty to public corruption charges in 2014 . McMaster has not been implicated in Pascoes corruption probe , but four state legislators have been indicted as part of it as of May 2017 . McMasters connections to Richard Quinn and Associates caused him challenges in the South Carolina legislature when replacing two members of the South Carolina Ports Authority ( SCPA ) Board of Directors whose terms had expired . At the time of McMasters replacement nominations , the SCPA paid Quinn a consulting fee of $8,100 per month . State lawmakers delayed the vote on McMasters two nominees for two weeks , citing the ongoing corruption probe that had pulled in three Republican legislators . Both nominees were confirmed after the SCPA voted to cease employing Quinn . McMaster likewise ceased to use Quinn in advance of his 2018 gubernatorial campaign . Nukegate . McMaster was in office when it was announced that SCANA and Santee Cooper were abandoning the expansion of the Virgil C . Summer Nuclear Generating Station in 2017 . The event has been nicknamed the Nukegate scandal . Following the retirement of Santee Coopers chairman , McMaster appointed Charlie Condon as a replacement . McMaster favors the sale of the utility , which he has called a rogue agency due to its independence and financial problems . COVID-19 pandemic . Like most governors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020 , McMaster declared a state of emergency and closed schools and nonessential businesses within the state . He also issued a stay-at-home order . On April 20 , 2020 , McMaster drew criticism for reopening beaches and retail stores five days after South Carolina experienced its highest number of new positive COVID-19 tests , but he did include additional social distancing requirements in his executive order . McMaster said the economy was stalled because of the pandemic and that he anticipated having the economy humming by June 2020 . By early June , McMaster reopened the majority of the state , though schools remained closed and businesses were required to follow social distancing procedures . Many schools and universities across the country canceled graduation ceremonies , but McMaster urged South Carolina schools to hold ceremonies in a manner that abided by social distancing requirements . He delivered the commencement address at West Florence High Schools graduation ceremony and sang Mull of Kintyre while playing his guitar . On June 10 , state epidemiologist Linda Bell said that COVID-19 was worse in June than it was when the state was closed in March and April . On average , the number of cases in early June was five to six times higher than in March and April . McMaster said , it is up to the people to determine what kind of precautions need to be followed , indicating that he would not place any more restrictions on businesses and public facilities . Bell accused McMaster of intentionally misleading the public about her stance on reopening the economy ; she claimed that his staff was somewhat manipulative and made it appear that she and other scientists backed his plan to reopen the economy when she did not . By late June and early July , confirmed cases in South Carolina had risen by as much as 2,000% compared to March and April . Despite pleas from lawmakers and other state officials , McMaster declined to enact a statewide requirement to wear masks , saying that such an order would be unenforceable . Consequently , dozens of municipalities enacted their own mask requirement ordinances , including Columbia , Forest Acres , Greenville , Charleston , Lexington , and most large cities and towns . Bell criticized McMasters decision and said a statewide mask requirement would be more effective . McMaster responded that a statewide requirement would give a “false sense of security to South Carolinians . Attorney General Alan Wilson noted that ordinances and laws requiring masks are not illegal . On July 10 , as the states COVID-19 cases exceeded 50,000 and nearly 900 deaths , McMaster issued an executive order prohibiting businesses from selling alcohol after 11 p.m . in an effort to prevent the spread of the virus among younger people . On July 15 , McMaster said in an address that South Carolina schools should give parents the option to send students to in-person classes in September 2020 . He instructed Superintendent of Education Molly Spearman to reject any schools reopening plan if it did not allow in-person learning . Groups such as the Palmetto State Teachers Association , the S.C . Education Association , and SC for ED criticized McMasters order , saying that it would needlessly jeopardize the health and safety of our state’s 800,000 students and more than 50,000 teachers . Several school districts , including Greenville County School District , the states largest , denounced the order . Spearman , a Republican elected independently of McMaster , also disapproved of his order . On July 29 , McMaster signed an executive order requiring face masks for employees and patrons in all South Carolina restaurants and bars and prohibiting any restaurant from operating at more than 50% capacity , seating tables less than six feet apart , or allowing people to congregate at a bar . By October , McMaster lifted most restrictions and unveiled SC CARES Act grants , a $65 million program aimed at helping small businesses and minority-owned businesses affected by COVID-19 . On December 22 , the governors office announced that McMaster and wife had both tested positive for COVID-19 . 2020 protests and riots . In response to the killing of George Floyd , protests flared across the United States . In South Carolina , protests occurred in Columbia , Greenville , and Charleston . While protests in Greenville were largely peaceful , there were some instances of violence in Columbia and Charleston . In Columbia , police cars were torched , shots were fired at police , and businesses were vandalized . In Charleston , protesters stopped traffic on Interstate-26 and the Arthur Ravenel Jr . Bridge and vandalized and looted businesses . Like President Trump , McMaster said that state and local governments were being too lenient on rioters and looters and was critical of Charlestons initial response . He said to Trump , Weve got to take people out , give them justice , make it more than just the cost of doing business to come into one town , get arrested , pay bond . McMaster mobilized the South Carolina National Guard to be dispatched , if necessary , to halts riots and looting . At Trumps request , he also sent members of the National Guard to Washington , D.C . to aid in larger-scale protests . Adams v . Henry McMaster . McMaster is a longtime advocate of private education . In 2020 , as part of the Governors Emergency Education Relief ( GEER ) and the CARES Act , federal funds were distributed to support education in states amid the COVID-19 pandemic . McMaster announced that he sought to use $32 billion , or two thirds , of South Carolinas $48 billion allotment on private school vouchers , and that 5,000 grants to private schools would be made with the federal relief money . His decision received harsh criticism from educators and politicians around the state . The Palmetto State Teachers Association stated that the money could have been better used for South Carolinas nearly 1,000,000 students in public education instead of 5,000 students in private schools . SC for Ed , a teachers advocacy group , called the decision disappointing . McMasters supporters argued that parents should have a choice about where to send their children . On July 22 , 2020 , McMasters decision was halted by court order after educators sued him for failing to uphold a principle of the South Carolina Constitution : No money shall be paid from public funds nor shall the credit of the State or any of its political subdivisions be used for the direct benefit of any religious or other private educational institution . McMasters attorneys argued that the decision to use emergency funds for private schools should be decided by the voters or the South Carolina General Assembly , not a court order . On October 7 , in the case Adams v . Henry McMaster , the South Carolina Supreme Court unanimously struck down McMasters decision , citing a violation of the state constitution . On October 23 , McMaster filed a petition to the court to review the ruling . Kidnapping plot allegations . On October 8 , 2020 , a federal indictment against six men associated with the Wolverine Watchmen , a Michigan-based militia group , was unsealed . The indictment charges the men with plotting to kidnap Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer and violently overthrow Michigans government . A search warrant unsealed on October 28 revealed that the suspects had also discussed targeting McMaster during the early stages of their planning . One of the suspects was arrested in Columbia at the time the plot was uncovered , but there was no indication that he had plans of going after McMaster . Veto record . McMaster has had many clashes with the South Carolina General Assembly . Since January 2017 , he has vetoed 20 bills , and the legislature has overridden all or part of 19 of his vetoes . As of May 2021 , McMaster has had only one ( 5% ) of his vetoes sustained . Political positions . Abortion . McMaster opposes abortion . On February 18 , 2021 , he signed a bill into law that would ban most abortions . The next day , a federal judge suspended the law . Fiscal policies . On February 6 , 2017 , McMasters first major action as governor was to request $5.18 billion from President Trump for South Carolinas infrastructure . Trump made no public statement about McMasters request . Later in February , McMaster announced , [ the ] state government is going to have to go on a diet as far as spending . On May 9 , 2017 , McMaster vetoed a bill that would have raised the states gas tax by 12 cents—the largest tax increase in state history—but the South Carolina General Assembly overrode his veto the following day . McMaster said the state had plenty of money in the system to do all the work on the roads if we would just apply it to the roads that need the work...Its not necessary to put yet another tax on the people of South Carolina . Guns . McMaster has said he would sign legislation , if passed by the General Assembly , that would allow anyone who is legally allowed to buy a gun to do so without a state permit and carry it openly or concealed . When students did a walkout to protest gun violence and call for stricter gun control a month after the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting , McMaster called the walkout shameful and said it was a tricky move orchestrated by left-wing groups that were using the students as tools to further their agenda . Student activist David Hogg , who survived the Parkland shooting , criticized McMaster , saying in a tweet that future voters will not reelect you and outlive you too . Immigration . In 2018 , McMaster offered to send troops from the South Carolina National Guard to assist Texas in combating illegal immigration and drug trafficking . This came after Trump called for the deployment of thousands of soldiers along the Mexico–United States border , in which border states such as Arizona and New Mexico also participated . Personal life . Family . McMaster has been married to Peggy McMaster ( née Anderson ) since 1978 . They have two adult children and reside in Columbia , South Carolina . He owns an English Bulldog named Mac . McMaster and his family attend First Presbyterian Church in Columbia . Properties . McMaster and his wife own several houses and rental apartments in the Columbia area . One home they own is the McCord House , which was constructed in 1849 and used as a Union headquarters during the Civil War . In 2016 , McMasters tax return indicated that he received $7.7 million in rent on such houses and apartments between 2006 and 2015 ; he paid a little over $500,000 for upkeep , maintenance , and cleaning . McMaster has also reportedly paid over $16,000 in fines for ordinance violations . Electoral history . McMaster ran unsuccessfully for the U.S . Senate in 1986 , for lieutenant governor in 1990 , and for governor in 2010 . He was elected attorney general in 2002 and 2006 , lieutenant governor in 2014 , and governor in 2018 . External links . - Governor of South Carolina - Henry McMaster for Governo
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[
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[
{
"text": " Henry Dargan McMaster ( born May 27 , 1947 ) is an American politician , attorney , and member of the Republican Party who has been the 117th governor of South Carolina since January 24 , 2017 .",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "McMaster worked for U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond , in private practice , and as a federal prosecutor . Appointed United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina by President Ronald Reagan in 1981 , he gained attention for investigating South Carolina marijuana smugglers in Operation Jackpot . McMaster was the Republican nominee for U.S . Senate in South Carolina in 1986 , losing to incumbent Democrat Fritz Hollings . He was then defeated for lieutenant governor of South Carolina by Democrat Nick Theodore in 1990 .",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "McMaster chaired the South Carolina Republican Party from 1993 to 2002 . He was elected attorney general of South Carolina in 2002 and reelected in 2006 . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor but lost to Nikki Haley in the Republican primary . In 2011 , Haley appointed him to the South Carolina Ports Authority , a position from which he resigned after being elected lieutenant governor of South Carolina in 2014 . McMaster succeeded to the office of governor when Haley resigned to become the United States Ambassador to the United Nations . He won a full four-year term",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "in the 2018 gubernatorial election after winning a runoff for the Republican nomination and defeating Democratic nominee James E . Smith Jr . in the general election .",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "McMaster was born on May 27 , 1947 , in Columbia , South Carolina . He is the eldest son of John Gregg and Ida Dargan ( Pet ) McMaster . He received a bachelors degree in history from the University of South Carolina in 1969 . In 1973 , he graduated from the University of South Carolina School of Law , where he served on the editorial board of the South Carolina Law Review . Later that year , he was admitted to the Richland County Bar Association of the South Carolina Bar . He served in the United",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "States Army Reserves , receiving an honorable discharge in 1975 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Upon graduation from law school , McMaster worked as a legislative assistant to U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond in Washington , D.C . until 1974 , when he joined the firm of Tompkins and McMaster . He was admitted to practice before the federal Court of Claims in 1974 , before the U.S . Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in 1975 , and upon Thurmonds motion , before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1978 . McMaster practiced law for almost 29 years , both as a federal prosecutor and in private practice , representing clients",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "in the state and federal courts , trial and appellate .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Upon Thurmonds recommendation , President Ronald Reagan nominated McMaster as United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina in 1981—Reagans first nomination for U.S . Attorney . The Senate confirmed McMaster on May 21 , 1981 . He headed the South Carolina Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee from 1981 to 1985 .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "During his tenure , McMaster created the federal drug task force Operation Jackpot to investigate South Carolina marijuana smugglers . Operation Jackpot ultimately arrested more than 100 people for crimes related to marijuana and hashish trafficking . McMaster held numerous press conferences during the operation and gained publicity through interviews and comments . His actions were criticized as political , with journalist Lee Bandy writing , no one can recall any other U.S . attorney being so public-relations conscious and noting that McMaster had held more press conferences and news releases than all his predecessors combined . McMaster completed his",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "term as U.S . Attorney on December 31 , 1985 .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": " Election bids and state appointments . In 1986 , after considering races for South Carolina lieutenant governor and attorney general , McMaster won the spirited Republican primary for the United States Senate against Henry Jordan , 27,696 votes ( 53.4% ) to 24,164 ( 46.6% ) . McMaster lost the general election in a landslide to four-term Democratic incumbent Ernest Hollings , 463,354 votes ( 63.1% ) to 261,394 ( 35.6% ) .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "In 1990 , McMaster ran for lieutenant governor . He defeated Sherry Shealy Martschink in the Republican primary , 49,463 votes ( 51.46% ) to 46,660 ( 48.54% ) , but again lost to the Democratic incumbent . He received 309,038 votes ( 41.19% ) to Nick Theodores 440,844 ( 58.75% ) .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": " In 1991 , Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . appointed McMaster to the states Commission on Higher Education , and the South Carolina Senate confirmed him . He also served on the Board of Directors of the nonprofit South Carolina Policy Council from 1991 to 2003 , serving as board chairman from 1992 to 1993 . South Carolina Republican Party Chair .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "On May 8 , 1993 , McMaster was elected Chairman of the South Carolina Republican Party . He was reelected by the State Republican Convention in 1996 , 1998 and 2000 . In this capacity , he also served as a member of the Republican National Committee from 1993 to 2002 . Under McMasters chairmanship , the Republican Party captured the governorship , several statewide offices and ( with party switches ) the State House of Representatives in 1994 , and finally captured control of the powerful State Senate in 2000 . Under McMaster , the South Carolina GOP also",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "ran highly contentious and successful presidential primaries in 1996 ( won by Bob Dole ) and 2000 ( won by George W . Bush ) . On March 28 , 2002 , McMaster announced his resignation as party chairman so that he could run for attorney general .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "McMaster placed first in the Republican primary for attorney general , with 126,164 votes ( 42.41% ) , ahead of State Senator and former judge Larry Richter and attorney Jon E . Ozmint . He defeated Richter in the runoff , 162,014 votes ( 55.8% ) to 128,271 ( 44.2% ) . In the general election , McMaster defeated Democratic attorney and former Director of the South Carolina Department of Probation , Parole and Pardon Services Stephen K . Benjamin , 601,931 votes ( 55.5% ) to 482,560 ( 44.5% ) . He was reelected in 2006 , unopposed in",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "both the Republican primary and the general election .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": " Run for governor ; Ports Authority . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor , but finished third in the Republican primary with 71,187 votes ( 16.94% ) , ahead of Lieutenant Governor André Bauers 52,324 ( 12.45% ) but behind U.S . Representative Gresham Barretts 91,461 ( 21.76% ) and State Representative Nikki Haleys 205,360 ( 48.86% ) . He immediately endorsed Haley , who had been the front-runner throughout the race and defeated Barrett in the runoff by a landslide .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "In 2011 , Haley appointed McMaster to the South Carolina Ports Authority , succeeding Harry Butler Jr . McMaster left the Ports Authority in 2015 and was replaced by Kurt D . Grindstaff .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "On January 6 , 2015 , the Ethics Commission of South Carolina accused McMaster of accepting about $70,000 in donations to his 2010 campaign for governor , exceeding South Carolinas limit for donations by $51,850 . The commission released documents stating that McMaster accepted these extra funds to help settle campaign debt . In September 2015 , the commission refused to dismiss the complaint and McMasters attorney indicated McMaster was likely to settle . In March 2016 , the commission ordered McMaster to repay $72,700 in excess campaign contributions from his 2010 run for governor and pay a $5,100 fine",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": "McMaster filed to run for lieutenant governor of South Carolina on March 27 , 2014 . He received 44% of the vote in a four-way Republican Party primary , forcing a runoff between him and Mike Campbell , son of former Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . McMaster defeated Campbell with 63.6% of the vote and faced Democratic State Representative Bakari Sellers in the general election . Upon his inauguration , he succeeded Democrat Yancey McGill . During the campaign , Sellers challenged McMaster to renounce his 30-year membership in Columbias Forest Lake Country Club , a private country",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": "club alleged to exclude black members ; in response , McMasters campaign manager said that the club [ had ] no policies of racial discrimination and that McMaster would not be a member if it did . On November 4 , 2014 , McMaster was elected lieutenant governor with 58.8% of the vote .",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": " McMaster was elected on a separate ticket from Governor Haley , the last time a lieutenant governor was elected in this manner ; as of 2018 , candidates for governor and lieutenant governor run on the same ticket . During the 2016 presidential campaign , McMaster was an early and avid supporter of Donald Trump . He claimed to be the first elected politician in the United States to support Trump . After Trump won the Republican nomination , McMaster delivered the nominating speech at the Republican National Convention . Governor of South Carolina .",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": "On November 23 , 2016 , President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Haley as Ambassador to the United Nations . On January 24 , 2017 , the Senate confirmed Haley . Later that day , she resigned as governor and McMaster assumed the governorship . Inaugurated at the age of 69 years and 8 months , McMaster is the oldest person ever to assume the office of governor in South Carolina . McMaster served the remainder of Haleys term , which expired in January 2019 . Per the South Carolina constitution , McMaster is eligible to serve as",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "governor until January 2027 if he is reelected in 2022 . Before ascending to the office of governor , McMaster declared in September 2016 that he would run in the 2018 election . McMaster won the 2018 election to serve his first four-year term .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " After McMasters first year as governor , The State evaluated his performance . It praised him for adding 17,000 jobs in the state , his accessibility to state legislators , and his handling of Hurricane Irma in 2017 , but criticized his lack of leadership , citing as an example his veto of a gas-tax increase that would have paid for road repairs and replacements for aging school buses , which members of both parties slammed , including McMasters gubernatorial primary rival Catherine Templeton . The State summed up McMasters first year as mixed . 2018 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "On June 12 , 2018 , McMaster placed first in the Republican gubernatorial primary , with 155,072 votes . But since that was 42.3% of the vote , less than a majority , he faced John Warren in a runoff . On June 26 , McMaster won the runoff with about 52% of the vote . McMaster chose businesswoman Pamela Evette as his running mate , not incumbent Lieutenant Governor Kevin L . Bryant , who ran against McMaster for the gubernatorial nomination . Trump endorsed McMaster . McMaster defeated Democratic nominee James Smith in the general election with 54%",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "of the vote .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2022 . McMaster has declared his intention to seek reelection in 2022 and is being challenged by former U.S . Representative Joe Cunningham .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , McMaster , the University of South Carolina , BlueCross BlueShield , Columbia Mayor Steve Benjamin , and a number of prominent state legislators were connected to Richard Quinn and Associates , a firm he employed for political consulting . Richard Quinn and Associates was named as part of a larger corruption probe Special Prosecutor David Pascoe conducted within the South Carolina General Assembly , which first ensnared then-Speaker Bobby Harrell , who resigned and pleaded guilty to public corruption charges in 2014 . McMaster has not been implicated in Pascoes corruption probe , but four state legislators",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "have been indicted as part of it as of May 2017 .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "McMasters connections to Richard Quinn and Associates caused him challenges in the South Carolina legislature when replacing two members of the South Carolina Ports Authority ( SCPA ) Board of Directors whose terms had expired . At the time of McMasters replacement nominations , the SCPA paid Quinn a consulting fee of $8,100 per month . State lawmakers delayed the vote on McMasters two nominees for two weeks , citing the ongoing corruption probe that had pulled in three Republican legislators . Both nominees were confirmed after the SCPA voted to cease employing Quinn . McMaster likewise ceased to use",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "Quinn in advance of his 2018 gubernatorial campaign .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " McMaster was in office when it was announced that SCANA and Santee Cooper were abandoning the expansion of the Virgil C . Summer Nuclear Generating Station in 2017 . The event has been nicknamed the Nukegate scandal . Following the retirement of Santee Coopers chairman , McMaster appointed Charlie Condon as a replacement . McMaster favors the sale of the utility , which he has called a rogue agency due to its independence and financial problems .",
"title": "Nukegate"
},
{
"text": "Like most governors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020 , McMaster declared a state of emergency and closed schools and nonessential businesses within the state . He also issued a stay-at-home order . On April 20 , 2020 , McMaster drew criticism for reopening beaches and retail stores five days after South Carolina experienced its highest number of new positive COVID-19 tests , but he did include additional social distancing requirements in his executive order . McMaster said the economy was stalled because of the pandemic and that he anticipated having the economy humming by June",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "2020 . By early June , McMaster reopened the majority of the state , though schools remained closed and businesses were required to follow social distancing procedures . Many schools and universities across the country canceled graduation ceremonies , but McMaster urged South Carolina schools to hold ceremonies in a manner that abided by social distancing requirements . He delivered the commencement address at West Florence High Schools graduation ceremony and sang Mull of Kintyre while playing his guitar .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "On June 10 , state epidemiologist Linda Bell said that COVID-19 was worse in June than it was when the state was closed in March and April . On average , the number of cases in early June was five to six times higher than in March and April . McMaster said , it is up to the people to determine what kind of precautions need to be followed , indicating that he would not place any more restrictions on businesses and public facilities . Bell accused McMaster of intentionally misleading the public about her stance on reopening the economy",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "; she claimed that his staff was somewhat manipulative and made it appear that she and other scientists backed his plan to reopen the economy when she did not .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "By late June and early July , confirmed cases in South Carolina had risen by as much as 2,000% compared to March and April . Despite pleas from lawmakers and other state officials , McMaster declined to enact a statewide requirement to wear masks , saying that such an order would be unenforceable . Consequently , dozens of municipalities enacted their own mask requirement ordinances , including Columbia , Forest Acres , Greenville , Charleston , Lexington , and most large cities and towns . Bell criticized McMasters decision and said a statewide mask requirement would be more effective .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "McMaster responded that a statewide requirement would give a “false sense of security to South Carolinians . Attorney General Alan Wilson noted that ordinances and laws requiring masks are not illegal . On July 10 , as the states COVID-19 cases exceeded 50,000 and nearly 900 deaths , McMaster issued an executive order prohibiting businesses from selling alcohol after 11 p.m . in an effort to prevent the spread of the virus among younger people .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "On July 15 , McMaster said in an address that South Carolina schools should give parents the option to send students to in-person classes in September 2020 . He instructed Superintendent of Education Molly Spearman to reject any schools reopening plan if it did not allow in-person learning . Groups such as the Palmetto State Teachers Association , the S.C . Education Association , and SC for ED criticized McMasters order , saying that it would needlessly jeopardize the health and safety of our state’s 800,000 students and more than 50,000 teachers . Several school districts , including Greenville County",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "School District , the states largest , denounced the order . Spearman , a Republican elected independently of McMaster , also disapproved of his order .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": " On July 29 , McMaster signed an executive order requiring face masks for employees and patrons in all South Carolina restaurants and bars and prohibiting any restaurant from operating at more than 50% capacity , seating tables less than six feet apart , or allowing people to congregate at a bar . By October , McMaster lifted most restrictions and unveiled SC CARES Act grants , a $65 million program aimed at helping small businesses and minority-owned businesses affected by COVID-19 .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "On December 22 , the governors office announced that McMaster and wife had both tested positive for COVID-19 .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "In response to the killing of George Floyd , protests flared across the United States . In South Carolina , protests occurred in Columbia , Greenville , and Charleston . While protests in Greenville were largely peaceful , there were some instances of violence in Columbia and Charleston . In Columbia , police cars were torched , shots were fired at police , and businesses were vandalized . In Charleston , protesters stopped traffic on Interstate-26 and the Arthur Ravenel Jr . Bridge and vandalized and looted businesses . Like President Trump , McMaster said that state and local governments",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "were being too lenient on rioters and looters and was critical of Charlestons initial response . He said to Trump , Weve got to take people out , give them justice , make it more than just the cost of doing business to come into one town , get arrested , pay bond . McMaster mobilized the South Carolina National Guard to be dispatched , if necessary , to halts riots and looting . At Trumps request , he also sent members of the National Guard to Washington , D.C . to aid in larger-scale protests .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "McMaster is a longtime advocate of private education . In 2020 , as part of the Governors Emergency Education Relief ( GEER ) and the CARES Act , federal funds were distributed to support education in states amid the COVID-19 pandemic . McMaster announced that he sought to use $32 billion , or two thirds , of South Carolinas $48 billion allotment on private school vouchers , and that 5,000 grants to private schools would be made with the federal relief money . His decision received harsh criticism from educators and politicians around the state . The Palmetto State Teachers",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "Association stated that the money could have been better used for South Carolinas nearly 1,000,000 students in public education instead of 5,000 students in private schools . SC for Ed , a teachers advocacy group , called the decision disappointing .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "McMasters supporters argued that parents should have a choice about where to send their children . On July 22 , 2020 , McMasters decision was halted by court order after educators sued him for failing to uphold a principle of the South Carolina Constitution : No money shall be paid from public funds nor shall the credit of the State or any of its political subdivisions be used for the direct benefit of any religious or other private educational institution . McMasters attorneys argued that the decision to use emergency funds for private schools should be decided by the voters",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "or the South Carolina General Assembly , not a court order . On October 7 , in the case Adams v . Henry McMaster , the South Carolina Supreme Court unanimously struck down McMasters decision , citing a violation of the state constitution . On October 23 , McMaster filed a petition to the court to review the ruling .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": " On October 8 , 2020 , a federal indictment against six men associated with the Wolverine Watchmen , a Michigan-based militia group , was unsealed . The indictment charges the men with plotting to kidnap Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer and violently overthrow Michigans government . A search warrant unsealed on October 28 revealed that the suspects had also discussed targeting McMaster during the early stages of their planning . One of the suspects was arrested in Columbia at the time the plot was uncovered , but there was no indication that he had plans of going after McMaster .",
"title": "Kidnapping plot allegations"
},
{
"text": " McMaster has had many clashes with the South Carolina General Assembly . Since January 2017 , he has vetoed 20 bills , and the legislature has overridden all or part of 19 of his vetoes . As of May 2021 , McMaster has had only one ( 5% ) of his vetoes sustained .",
"title": "Veto record"
},
{
"text": " McMaster opposes abortion . On February 18 , 2021 , he signed a bill into law that would ban most abortions . The next day , a federal judge suspended the law .",
"title": "Abortion"
},
{
"text": "On February 6 , 2017 , McMasters first major action as governor was to request $5.18 billion from President Trump for South Carolinas infrastructure . Trump made no public statement about McMasters request . Later in February , McMaster announced , [ the ] state government is going to have to go on a diet as far as spending . On May 9 , 2017 , McMaster vetoed a bill that would have raised the states gas tax by 12 cents—the largest tax increase in state history—but the South Carolina General Assembly overrode his veto the following day . McMaster",
"title": "Fiscal policies"
},
{
"text": "said the state had plenty of money in the system to do all the work on the roads if we would just apply it to the roads that need the work...Its not necessary to put yet another tax on the people of South Carolina .",
"title": "Fiscal policies"
},
{
"text": "McMaster has said he would sign legislation , if passed by the General Assembly , that would allow anyone who is legally allowed to buy a gun to do so without a state permit and carry it openly or concealed . When students did a walkout to protest gun violence and call for stricter gun control a month after the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting , McMaster called the walkout shameful and said it was a tricky move orchestrated by left-wing groups that were using the students as tools to further their agenda . Student activist David Hogg , who",
"title": "Guns"
},
{
"text": "survived the Parkland shooting , criticized McMaster , saying in a tweet that future voters will not reelect you and outlive you too .",
"title": "Guns"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , McMaster offered to send troops from the South Carolina National Guard to assist Texas in combating illegal immigration and drug trafficking . This came after Trump called for the deployment of thousands of soldiers along the Mexico–United States border , in which border states such as Arizona and New Mexico also participated .",
"title": "Immigration"
},
{
"text": " McMaster has been married to Peggy McMaster ( née Anderson ) since 1978 . They have two adult children and reside in Columbia , South Carolina . He owns an English Bulldog named Mac . McMaster and his family attend First Presbyterian Church in Columbia .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": " McMaster and his wife own several houses and rental apartments in the Columbia area . One home they own is the McCord House , which was constructed in 1849 and used as a Union headquarters during the Civil War . In 2016 , McMasters tax return indicated that he received $7.7 million in rent on such houses and apartments between 2006 and 2015 ; he paid a little over $500,000 for upkeep , maintenance , and cleaning . McMaster has also reportedly paid over $16,000 in fines for ordinance violations .",
"title": "Properties"
},
{
"text": " McMaster ran unsuccessfully for the U.S . Senate in 1986 , for lieutenant governor in 1990 , and for governor in 2010 . He was elected attorney general in 2002 and 2006 , lieutenant governor in 2014 , and governor in 2018 .",
"title": "Electoral history"
},
{
"text": " - Governor of South Carolina - Henry McMaster for Governo",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Henry_McMaster#P39#1
|
Which position did Henry McMaster hold between Jul 2007 and Jun 2008?
|
Henry McMaster Henry Dargan McMaster ( born May 27 , 1947 ) is an American politician , attorney , and member of the Republican Party who has been the 117th governor of South Carolina since January 24 , 2017 . McMaster worked for U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond , in private practice , and as a federal prosecutor . Appointed United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina by President Ronald Reagan in 1981 , he gained attention for investigating South Carolina marijuana smugglers in Operation Jackpot . McMaster was the Republican nominee for U.S . Senate in South Carolina in 1986 , losing to incumbent Democrat Fritz Hollings . He was then defeated for lieutenant governor of South Carolina by Democrat Nick Theodore in 1990 . McMaster chaired the South Carolina Republican Party from 1993 to 2002 . He was elected attorney general of South Carolina in 2002 and reelected in 2006 . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor but lost to Nikki Haley in the Republican primary . In 2011 , Haley appointed him to the South Carolina Ports Authority , a position from which he resigned after being elected lieutenant governor of South Carolina in 2014 . McMaster succeeded to the office of governor when Haley resigned to become the United States Ambassador to the United Nations . He won a full four-year term in the 2018 gubernatorial election after winning a runoff for the Republican nomination and defeating Democratic nominee James E . Smith Jr . in the general election . Early life . McMaster was born on May 27 , 1947 , in Columbia , South Carolina . He is the eldest son of John Gregg and Ida Dargan ( Pet ) McMaster . He received a bachelors degree in history from the University of South Carolina in 1969 . In 1973 , he graduated from the University of South Carolina School of Law , where he served on the editorial board of the South Carolina Law Review . Later that year , he was admitted to the Richland County Bar Association of the South Carolina Bar . He served in the United States Army Reserves , receiving an honorable discharge in 1975 . Upon graduation from law school , McMaster worked as a legislative assistant to U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond in Washington , D.C . until 1974 , when he joined the firm of Tompkins and McMaster . He was admitted to practice before the federal Court of Claims in 1974 , before the U.S . Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in 1975 , and upon Thurmonds motion , before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1978 . McMaster practiced law for almost 29 years , both as a federal prosecutor and in private practice , representing clients in the state and federal courts , trial and appellate . Early political career . United States Attorney . Upon Thurmonds recommendation , President Ronald Reagan nominated McMaster as United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina in 1981—Reagans first nomination for U.S . Attorney . The Senate confirmed McMaster on May 21 , 1981 . He headed the South Carolina Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee from 1981 to 1985 . During his tenure , McMaster created the federal drug task force Operation Jackpot to investigate South Carolina marijuana smugglers . Operation Jackpot ultimately arrested more than 100 people for crimes related to marijuana and hashish trafficking . McMaster held numerous press conferences during the operation and gained publicity through interviews and comments . His actions were criticized as political , with journalist Lee Bandy writing , no one can recall any other U.S . attorney being so public-relations conscious and noting that McMaster had held more press conferences and news releases than all his predecessors combined . McMaster completed his term as U.S . Attorney on December 31 , 1985 . Election bids and state appointments . In 1986 , after considering races for South Carolina lieutenant governor and attorney general , McMaster won the spirited Republican primary for the United States Senate against Henry Jordan , 27,696 votes ( 53.4% ) to 24,164 ( 46.6% ) . McMaster lost the general election in a landslide to four-term Democratic incumbent Ernest Hollings , 463,354 votes ( 63.1% ) to 261,394 ( 35.6% ) . In 1990 , McMaster ran for lieutenant governor . He defeated Sherry Shealy Martschink in the Republican primary , 49,463 votes ( 51.46% ) to 46,660 ( 48.54% ) , but again lost to the Democratic incumbent . He received 309,038 votes ( 41.19% ) to Nick Theodores 440,844 ( 58.75% ) . In 1991 , Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . appointed McMaster to the states Commission on Higher Education , and the South Carolina Senate confirmed him . He also served on the Board of Directors of the nonprofit South Carolina Policy Council from 1991 to 2003 , serving as board chairman from 1992 to 1993 . South Carolina Republican Party Chair . On May 8 , 1993 , McMaster was elected Chairman of the South Carolina Republican Party . He was reelected by the State Republican Convention in 1996 , 1998 and 2000 . In this capacity , he also served as a member of the Republican National Committee from 1993 to 2002 . Under McMasters chairmanship , the Republican Party captured the governorship , several statewide offices and ( with party switches ) the State House of Representatives in 1994 , and finally captured control of the powerful State Senate in 2000 . Under McMaster , the South Carolina GOP also ran highly contentious and successful presidential primaries in 1996 ( won by Bob Dole ) and 2000 ( won by George W . Bush ) . On March 28 , 2002 , McMaster announced his resignation as party chairman so that he could run for attorney general . Attorney General of South Carolina . McMaster placed first in the Republican primary for attorney general , with 126,164 votes ( 42.41% ) , ahead of State Senator and former judge Larry Richter and attorney Jon E . Ozmint . He defeated Richter in the runoff , 162,014 votes ( 55.8% ) to 128,271 ( 44.2% ) . In the general election , McMaster defeated Democratic attorney and former Director of the South Carolina Department of Probation , Parole and Pardon Services Stephen K . Benjamin , 601,931 votes ( 55.5% ) to 482,560 ( 44.5% ) . He was reelected in 2006 , unopposed in both the Republican primary and the general election . Run for governor ; Ports Authority . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor , but finished third in the Republican primary with 71,187 votes ( 16.94% ) , ahead of Lieutenant Governor André Bauers 52,324 ( 12.45% ) but behind U.S . Representative Gresham Barretts 91,461 ( 21.76% ) and State Representative Nikki Haleys 205,360 ( 48.86% ) . He immediately endorsed Haley , who had been the front-runner throughout the race and defeated Barrett in the runoff by a landslide . In 2011 , Haley appointed McMaster to the South Carolina Ports Authority , succeeding Harry Butler Jr . McMaster left the Ports Authority in 2015 and was replaced by Kurt D . Grindstaff . Campaign finance violation . On January 6 , 2015 , the Ethics Commission of South Carolina accused McMaster of accepting about $70,000 in donations to his 2010 campaign for governor , exceeding South Carolinas limit for donations by $51,850 . The commission released documents stating that McMaster accepted these extra funds to help settle campaign debt . In September 2015 , the commission refused to dismiss the complaint and McMasters attorney indicated McMaster was likely to settle . In March 2016 , the commission ordered McMaster to repay $72,700 in excess campaign contributions from his 2010 run for governor and pay a $5,100 fine . Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina . McMaster filed to run for lieutenant governor of South Carolina on March 27 , 2014 . He received 44% of the vote in a four-way Republican Party primary , forcing a runoff between him and Mike Campbell , son of former Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . McMaster defeated Campbell with 63.6% of the vote and faced Democratic State Representative Bakari Sellers in the general election . Upon his inauguration , he succeeded Democrat Yancey McGill . During the campaign , Sellers challenged McMaster to renounce his 30-year membership in Columbias Forest Lake Country Club , a private country club alleged to exclude black members ; in response , McMasters campaign manager said that the club [ had ] no policies of racial discrimination and that McMaster would not be a member if it did . On November 4 , 2014 , McMaster was elected lieutenant governor with 58.8% of the vote . McMaster was elected on a separate ticket from Governor Haley , the last time a lieutenant governor was elected in this manner ; as of 2018 , candidates for governor and lieutenant governor run on the same ticket . During the 2016 presidential campaign , McMaster was an early and avid supporter of Donald Trump . He claimed to be the first elected politician in the United States to support Trump . After Trump won the Republican nomination , McMaster delivered the nominating speech at the Republican National Convention . Governor of South Carolina . Elections . On November 23 , 2016 , President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Haley as Ambassador to the United Nations . On January 24 , 2017 , the Senate confirmed Haley . Later that day , she resigned as governor and McMaster assumed the governorship . Inaugurated at the age of 69 years and 8 months , McMaster is the oldest person ever to assume the office of governor in South Carolina . McMaster served the remainder of Haleys term , which expired in January 2019 . Per the South Carolina constitution , McMaster is eligible to serve as governor until January 2027 if he is reelected in 2022 . Before ascending to the office of governor , McMaster declared in September 2016 that he would run in the 2018 election . McMaster won the 2018 election to serve his first four-year term . After McMasters first year as governor , The State evaluated his performance . It praised him for adding 17,000 jobs in the state , his accessibility to state legislators , and his handling of Hurricane Irma in 2017 , but criticized his lack of leadership , citing as an example his veto of a gas-tax increase that would have paid for road repairs and replacements for aging school buses , which members of both parties slammed , including McMasters gubernatorial primary rival Catherine Templeton . The State summed up McMasters first year as mixed . 2018 . On June 12 , 2018 , McMaster placed first in the Republican gubernatorial primary , with 155,072 votes . But since that was 42.3% of the vote , less than a majority , he faced John Warren in a runoff . On June 26 , McMaster won the runoff with about 52% of the vote . McMaster chose businesswoman Pamela Evette as his running mate , not incumbent Lieutenant Governor Kevin L . Bryant , who ran against McMaster for the gubernatorial nomination . Trump endorsed McMaster . McMaster defeated Democratic nominee James Smith in the general election with 54% of the vote . 2022 . McMaster has declared his intention to seek reelection in 2022 and is being challenged by former U.S . Representative Joe Cunningham . Tenure . Richard Quinn corruption investigation . In 2017 , McMaster , the University of South Carolina , BlueCross BlueShield , Columbia Mayor Steve Benjamin , and a number of prominent state legislators were connected to Richard Quinn and Associates , a firm he employed for political consulting . Richard Quinn and Associates was named as part of a larger corruption probe Special Prosecutor David Pascoe conducted within the South Carolina General Assembly , which first ensnared then-Speaker Bobby Harrell , who resigned and pleaded guilty to public corruption charges in 2014 . McMaster has not been implicated in Pascoes corruption probe , but four state legislators have been indicted as part of it as of May 2017 . McMasters connections to Richard Quinn and Associates caused him challenges in the South Carolina legislature when replacing two members of the South Carolina Ports Authority ( SCPA ) Board of Directors whose terms had expired . At the time of McMasters replacement nominations , the SCPA paid Quinn a consulting fee of $8,100 per month . State lawmakers delayed the vote on McMasters two nominees for two weeks , citing the ongoing corruption probe that had pulled in three Republican legislators . Both nominees were confirmed after the SCPA voted to cease employing Quinn . McMaster likewise ceased to use Quinn in advance of his 2018 gubernatorial campaign . Nukegate . McMaster was in office when it was announced that SCANA and Santee Cooper were abandoning the expansion of the Virgil C . Summer Nuclear Generating Station in 2017 . The event has been nicknamed the Nukegate scandal . Following the retirement of Santee Coopers chairman , McMaster appointed Charlie Condon as a replacement . McMaster favors the sale of the utility , which he has called a rogue agency due to its independence and financial problems . COVID-19 pandemic . Like most governors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020 , McMaster declared a state of emergency and closed schools and nonessential businesses within the state . He also issued a stay-at-home order . On April 20 , 2020 , McMaster drew criticism for reopening beaches and retail stores five days after South Carolina experienced its highest number of new positive COVID-19 tests , but he did include additional social distancing requirements in his executive order . McMaster said the economy was stalled because of the pandemic and that he anticipated having the economy humming by June 2020 . By early June , McMaster reopened the majority of the state , though schools remained closed and businesses were required to follow social distancing procedures . Many schools and universities across the country canceled graduation ceremonies , but McMaster urged South Carolina schools to hold ceremonies in a manner that abided by social distancing requirements . He delivered the commencement address at West Florence High Schools graduation ceremony and sang Mull of Kintyre while playing his guitar . On June 10 , state epidemiologist Linda Bell said that COVID-19 was worse in June than it was when the state was closed in March and April . On average , the number of cases in early June was five to six times higher than in March and April . McMaster said , it is up to the people to determine what kind of precautions need to be followed , indicating that he would not place any more restrictions on businesses and public facilities . Bell accused McMaster of intentionally misleading the public about her stance on reopening the economy ; she claimed that his staff was somewhat manipulative and made it appear that she and other scientists backed his plan to reopen the economy when she did not . By late June and early July , confirmed cases in South Carolina had risen by as much as 2,000% compared to March and April . Despite pleas from lawmakers and other state officials , McMaster declined to enact a statewide requirement to wear masks , saying that such an order would be unenforceable . Consequently , dozens of municipalities enacted their own mask requirement ordinances , including Columbia , Forest Acres , Greenville , Charleston , Lexington , and most large cities and towns . Bell criticized McMasters decision and said a statewide mask requirement would be more effective . McMaster responded that a statewide requirement would give a “false sense of security to South Carolinians . Attorney General Alan Wilson noted that ordinances and laws requiring masks are not illegal . On July 10 , as the states COVID-19 cases exceeded 50,000 and nearly 900 deaths , McMaster issued an executive order prohibiting businesses from selling alcohol after 11 p.m . in an effort to prevent the spread of the virus among younger people . On July 15 , McMaster said in an address that South Carolina schools should give parents the option to send students to in-person classes in September 2020 . He instructed Superintendent of Education Molly Spearman to reject any schools reopening plan if it did not allow in-person learning . Groups such as the Palmetto State Teachers Association , the S.C . Education Association , and SC for ED criticized McMasters order , saying that it would needlessly jeopardize the health and safety of our state’s 800,000 students and more than 50,000 teachers . Several school districts , including Greenville County School District , the states largest , denounced the order . Spearman , a Republican elected independently of McMaster , also disapproved of his order . On July 29 , McMaster signed an executive order requiring face masks for employees and patrons in all South Carolina restaurants and bars and prohibiting any restaurant from operating at more than 50% capacity , seating tables less than six feet apart , or allowing people to congregate at a bar . By October , McMaster lifted most restrictions and unveiled SC CARES Act grants , a $65 million program aimed at helping small businesses and minority-owned businesses affected by COVID-19 . On December 22 , the governors office announced that McMaster and wife had both tested positive for COVID-19 . 2020 protests and riots . In response to the killing of George Floyd , protests flared across the United States . In South Carolina , protests occurred in Columbia , Greenville , and Charleston . While protests in Greenville were largely peaceful , there were some instances of violence in Columbia and Charleston . In Columbia , police cars were torched , shots were fired at police , and businesses were vandalized . In Charleston , protesters stopped traffic on Interstate-26 and the Arthur Ravenel Jr . Bridge and vandalized and looted businesses . Like President Trump , McMaster said that state and local governments were being too lenient on rioters and looters and was critical of Charlestons initial response . He said to Trump , Weve got to take people out , give them justice , make it more than just the cost of doing business to come into one town , get arrested , pay bond . McMaster mobilized the South Carolina National Guard to be dispatched , if necessary , to halts riots and looting . At Trumps request , he also sent members of the National Guard to Washington , D.C . to aid in larger-scale protests . Adams v . Henry McMaster . McMaster is a longtime advocate of private education . In 2020 , as part of the Governors Emergency Education Relief ( GEER ) and the CARES Act , federal funds were distributed to support education in states amid the COVID-19 pandemic . McMaster announced that he sought to use $32 billion , or two thirds , of South Carolinas $48 billion allotment on private school vouchers , and that 5,000 grants to private schools would be made with the federal relief money . His decision received harsh criticism from educators and politicians around the state . The Palmetto State Teachers Association stated that the money could have been better used for South Carolinas nearly 1,000,000 students in public education instead of 5,000 students in private schools . SC for Ed , a teachers advocacy group , called the decision disappointing . McMasters supporters argued that parents should have a choice about where to send their children . On July 22 , 2020 , McMasters decision was halted by court order after educators sued him for failing to uphold a principle of the South Carolina Constitution : No money shall be paid from public funds nor shall the credit of the State or any of its political subdivisions be used for the direct benefit of any religious or other private educational institution . McMasters attorneys argued that the decision to use emergency funds for private schools should be decided by the voters or the South Carolina General Assembly , not a court order . On October 7 , in the case Adams v . Henry McMaster , the South Carolina Supreme Court unanimously struck down McMasters decision , citing a violation of the state constitution . On October 23 , McMaster filed a petition to the court to review the ruling . Kidnapping plot allegations . On October 8 , 2020 , a federal indictment against six men associated with the Wolverine Watchmen , a Michigan-based militia group , was unsealed . The indictment charges the men with plotting to kidnap Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer and violently overthrow Michigans government . A search warrant unsealed on October 28 revealed that the suspects had also discussed targeting McMaster during the early stages of their planning . One of the suspects was arrested in Columbia at the time the plot was uncovered , but there was no indication that he had plans of going after McMaster . Veto record . McMaster has had many clashes with the South Carolina General Assembly . Since January 2017 , he has vetoed 20 bills , and the legislature has overridden all or part of 19 of his vetoes . As of May 2021 , McMaster has had only one ( 5% ) of his vetoes sustained . Political positions . Abortion . McMaster opposes abortion . On February 18 , 2021 , he signed a bill into law that would ban most abortions . The next day , a federal judge suspended the law . Fiscal policies . On February 6 , 2017 , McMasters first major action as governor was to request $5.18 billion from President Trump for South Carolinas infrastructure . Trump made no public statement about McMasters request . Later in February , McMaster announced , [ the ] state government is going to have to go on a diet as far as spending . On May 9 , 2017 , McMaster vetoed a bill that would have raised the states gas tax by 12 cents—the largest tax increase in state history—but the South Carolina General Assembly overrode his veto the following day . McMaster said the state had plenty of money in the system to do all the work on the roads if we would just apply it to the roads that need the work...Its not necessary to put yet another tax on the people of South Carolina . Guns . McMaster has said he would sign legislation , if passed by the General Assembly , that would allow anyone who is legally allowed to buy a gun to do so without a state permit and carry it openly or concealed . When students did a walkout to protest gun violence and call for stricter gun control a month after the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting , McMaster called the walkout shameful and said it was a tricky move orchestrated by left-wing groups that were using the students as tools to further their agenda . Student activist David Hogg , who survived the Parkland shooting , criticized McMaster , saying in a tweet that future voters will not reelect you and outlive you too . Immigration . In 2018 , McMaster offered to send troops from the South Carolina National Guard to assist Texas in combating illegal immigration and drug trafficking . This came after Trump called for the deployment of thousands of soldiers along the Mexico–United States border , in which border states such as Arizona and New Mexico also participated . Personal life . Family . McMaster has been married to Peggy McMaster ( née Anderson ) since 1978 . They have two adult children and reside in Columbia , South Carolina . He owns an English Bulldog named Mac . McMaster and his family attend First Presbyterian Church in Columbia . Properties . McMaster and his wife own several houses and rental apartments in the Columbia area . One home they own is the McCord House , which was constructed in 1849 and used as a Union headquarters during the Civil War . In 2016 , McMasters tax return indicated that he received $7.7 million in rent on such houses and apartments between 2006 and 2015 ; he paid a little over $500,000 for upkeep , maintenance , and cleaning . McMaster has also reportedly paid over $16,000 in fines for ordinance violations . Electoral history . McMaster ran unsuccessfully for the U.S . Senate in 1986 , for lieutenant governor in 1990 , and for governor in 2010 . He was elected attorney general in 2002 and 2006 , lieutenant governor in 2014 , and governor in 2018 . External links . - Governor of South Carolina - Henry McMaster for Governo
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Henry Dargan McMaster ( born May 27 , 1947 ) is an American politician , attorney , and member of the Republican Party who has been the 117th governor of South Carolina since January 24 , 2017 .",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "McMaster worked for U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond , in private practice , and as a federal prosecutor . Appointed United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina by President Ronald Reagan in 1981 , he gained attention for investigating South Carolina marijuana smugglers in Operation Jackpot . McMaster was the Republican nominee for U.S . Senate in South Carolina in 1986 , losing to incumbent Democrat Fritz Hollings . He was then defeated for lieutenant governor of South Carolina by Democrat Nick Theodore in 1990 .",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "McMaster chaired the South Carolina Republican Party from 1993 to 2002 . He was elected attorney general of South Carolina in 2002 and reelected in 2006 . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor but lost to Nikki Haley in the Republican primary . In 2011 , Haley appointed him to the South Carolina Ports Authority , a position from which he resigned after being elected lieutenant governor of South Carolina in 2014 . McMaster succeeded to the office of governor when Haley resigned to become the United States Ambassador to the United Nations . He won a full four-year term",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "in the 2018 gubernatorial election after winning a runoff for the Republican nomination and defeating Democratic nominee James E . Smith Jr . in the general election .",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "McMaster was born on May 27 , 1947 , in Columbia , South Carolina . He is the eldest son of John Gregg and Ida Dargan ( Pet ) McMaster . He received a bachelors degree in history from the University of South Carolina in 1969 . In 1973 , he graduated from the University of South Carolina School of Law , where he served on the editorial board of the South Carolina Law Review . Later that year , he was admitted to the Richland County Bar Association of the South Carolina Bar . He served in the United",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "States Army Reserves , receiving an honorable discharge in 1975 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Upon graduation from law school , McMaster worked as a legislative assistant to U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond in Washington , D.C . until 1974 , when he joined the firm of Tompkins and McMaster . He was admitted to practice before the federal Court of Claims in 1974 , before the U.S . Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in 1975 , and upon Thurmonds motion , before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1978 . McMaster practiced law for almost 29 years , both as a federal prosecutor and in private practice , representing clients",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "in the state and federal courts , trial and appellate .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Upon Thurmonds recommendation , President Ronald Reagan nominated McMaster as United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina in 1981—Reagans first nomination for U.S . Attorney . The Senate confirmed McMaster on May 21 , 1981 . He headed the South Carolina Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee from 1981 to 1985 .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "During his tenure , McMaster created the federal drug task force Operation Jackpot to investigate South Carolina marijuana smugglers . Operation Jackpot ultimately arrested more than 100 people for crimes related to marijuana and hashish trafficking . McMaster held numerous press conferences during the operation and gained publicity through interviews and comments . His actions were criticized as political , with journalist Lee Bandy writing , no one can recall any other U.S . attorney being so public-relations conscious and noting that McMaster had held more press conferences and news releases than all his predecessors combined . McMaster completed his",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "term as U.S . Attorney on December 31 , 1985 .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": " Election bids and state appointments . In 1986 , after considering races for South Carolina lieutenant governor and attorney general , McMaster won the spirited Republican primary for the United States Senate against Henry Jordan , 27,696 votes ( 53.4% ) to 24,164 ( 46.6% ) . McMaster lost the general election in a landslide to four-term Democratic incumbent Ernest Hollings , 463,354 votes ( 63.1% ) to 261,394 ( 35.6% ) .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "In 1990 , McMaster ran for lieutenant governor . He defeated Sherry Shealy Martschink in the Republican primary , 49,463 votes ( 51.46% ) to 46,660 ( 48.54% ) , but again lost to the Democratic incumbent . He received 309,038 votes ( 41.19% ) to Nick Theodores 440,844 ( 58.75% ) .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": " In 1991 , Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . appointed McMaster to the states Commission on Higher Education , and the South Carolina Senate confirmed him . He also served on the Board of Directors of the nonprofit South Carolina Policy Council from 1991 to 2003 , serving as board chairman from 1992 to 1993 . South Carolina Republican Party Chair .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "On May 8 , 1993 , McMaster was elected Chairman of the South Carolina Republican Party . He was reelected by the State Republican Convention in 1996 , 1998 and 2000 . In this capacity , he also served as a member of the Republican National Committee from 1993 to 2002 . Under McMasters chairmanship , the Republican Party captured the governorship , several statewide offices and ( with party switches ) the State House of Representatives in 1994 , and finally captured control of the powerful State Senate in 2000 . Under McMaster , the South Carolina GOP also",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "ran highly contentious and successful presidential primaries in 1996 ( won by Bob Dole ) and 2000 ( won by George W . Bush ) . On March 28 , 2002 , McMaster announced his resignation as party chairman so that he could run for attorney general .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "McMaster placed first in the Republican primary for attorney general , with 126,164 votes ( 42.41% ) , ahead of State Senator and former judge Larry Richter and attorney Jon E . Ozmint . He defeated Richter in the runoff , 162,014 votes ( 55.8% ) to 128,271 ( 44.2% ) . In the general election , McMaster defeated Democratic attorney and former Director of the South Carolina Department of Probation , Parole and Pardon Services Stephen K . Benjamin , 601,931 votes ( 55.5% ) to 482,560 ( 44.5% ) . He was reelected in 2006 , unopposed in",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "both the Republican primary and the general election .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": " Run for governor ; Ports Authority . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor , but finished third in the Republican primary with 71,187 votes ( 16.94% ) , ahead of Lieutenant Governor André Bauers 52,324 ( 12.45% ) but behind U.S . Representative Gresham Barretts 91,461 ( 21.76% ) and State Representative Nikki Haleys 205,360 ( 48.86% ) . He immediately endorsed Haley , who had been the front-runner throughout the race and defeated Barrett in the runoff by a landslide .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "In 2011 , Haley appointed McMaster to the South Carolina Ports Authority , succeeding Harry Butler Jr . McMaster left the Ports Authority in 2015 and was replaced by Kurt D . Grindstaff .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "On January 6 , 2015 , the Ethics Commission of South Carolina accused McMaster of accepting about $70,000 in donations to his 2010 campaign for governor , exceeding South Carolinas limit for donations by $51,850 . The commission released documents stating that McMaster accepted these extra funds to help settle campaign debt . In September 2015 , the commission refused to dismiss the complaint and McMasters attorney indicated McMaster was likely to settle . In March 2016 , the commission ordered McMaster to repay $72,700 in excess campaign contributions from his 2010 run for governor and pay a $5,100 fine",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": "McMaster filed to run for lieutenant governor of South Carolina on March 27 , 2014 . He received 44% of the vote in a four-way Republican Party primary , forcing a runoff between him and Mike Campbell , son of former Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . McMaster defeated Campbell with 63.6% of the vote and faced Democratic State Representative Bakari Sellers in the general election . Upon his inauguration , he succeeded Democrat Yancey McGill . During the campaign , Sellers challenged McMaster to renounce his 30-year membership in Columbias Forest Lake Country Club , a private country",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": "club alleged to exclude black members ; in response , McMasters campaign manager said that the club [ had ] no policies of racial discrimination and that McMaster would not be a member if it did . On November 4 , 2014 , McMaster was elected lieutenant governor with 58.8% of the vote .",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": " McMaster was elected on a separate ticket from Governor Haley , the last time a lieutenant governor was elected in this manner ; as of 2018 , candidates for governor and lieutenant governor run on the same ticket . During the 2016 presidential campaign , McMaster was an early and avid supporter of Donald Trump . He claimed to be the first elected politician in the United States to support Trump . After Trump won the Republican nomination , McMaster delivered the nominating speech at the Republican National Convention . Governor of South Carolina .",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": "On November 23 , 2016 , President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Haley as Ambassador to the United Nations . On January 24 , 2017 , the Senate confirmed Haley . Later that day , she resigned as governor and McMaster assumed the governorship . Inaugurated at the age of 69 years and 8 months , McMaster is the oldest person ever to assume the office of governor in South Carolina . McMaster served the remainder of Haleys term , which expired in January 2019 . Per the South Carolina constitution , McMaster is eligible to serve as",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "governor until January 2027 if he is reelected in 2022 . Before ascending to the office of governor , McMaster declared in September 2016 that he would run in the 2018 election . McMaster won the 2018 election to serve his first four-year term .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " After McMasters first year as governor , The State evaluated his performance . It praised him for adding 17,000 jobs in the state , his accessibility to state legislators , and his handling of Hurricane Irma in 2017 , but criticized his lack of leadership , citing as an example his veto of a gas-tax increase that would have paid for road repairs and replacements for aging school buses , which members of both parties slammed , including McMasters gubernatorial primary rival Catherine Templeton . The State summed up McMasters first year as mixed . 2018 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "On June 12 , 2018 , McMaster placed first in the Republican gubernatorial primary , with 155,072 votes . But since that was 42.3% of the vote , less than a majority , he faced John Warren in a runoff . On June 26 , McMaster won the runoff with about 52% of the vote . McMaster chose businesswoman Pamela Evette as his running mate , not incumbent Lieutenant Governor Kevin L . Bryant , who ran against McMaster for the gubernatorial nomination . Trump endorsed McMaster . McMaster defeated Democratic nominee James Smith in the general election with 54%",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "of the vote .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2022 . McMaster has declared his intention to seek reelection in 2022 and is being challenged by former U.S . Representative Joe Cunningham .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , McMaster , the University of South Carolina , BlueCross BlueShield , Columbia Mayor Steve Benjamin , and a number of prominent state legislators were connected to Richard Quinn and Associates , a firm he employed for political consulting . Richard Quinn and Associates was named as part of a larger corruption probe Special Prosecutor David Pascoe conducted within the South Carolina General Assembly , which first ensnared then-Speaker Bobby Harrell , who resigned and pleaded guilty to public corruption charges in 2014 . McMaster has not been implicated in Pascoes corruption probe , but four state legislators",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "have been indicted as part of it as of May 2017 .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "McMasters connections to Richard Quinn and Associates caused him challenges in the South Carolina legislature when replacing two members of the South Carolina Ports Authority ( SCPA ) Board of Directors whose terms had expired . At the time of McMasters replacement nominations , the SCPA paid Quinn a consulting fee of $8,100 per month . State lawmakers delayed the vote on McMasters two nominees for two weeks , citing the ongoing corruption probe that had pulled in three Republican legislators . Both nominees were confirmed after the SCPA voted to cease employing Quinn . McMaster likewise ceased to use",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "Quinn in advance of his 2018 gubernatorial campaign .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " McMaster was in office when it was announced that SCANA and Santee Cooper were abandoning the expansion of the Virgil C . Summer Nuclear Generating Station in 2017 . The event has been nicknamed the Nukegate scandal . Following the retirement of Santee Coopers chairman , McMaster appointed Charlie Condon as a replacement . McMaster favors the sale of the utility , which he has called a rogue agency due to its independence and financial problems .",
"title": "Nukegate"
},
{
"text": "Like most governors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020 , McMaster declared a state of emergency and closed schools and nonessential businesses within the state . He also issued a stay-at-home order . On April 20 , 2020 , McMaster drew criticism for reopening beaches and retail stores five days after South Carolina experienced its highest number of new positive COVID-19 tests , but he did include additional social distancing requirements in his executive order . McMaster said the economy was stalled because of the pandemic and that he anticipated having the economy humming by June",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "2020 . By early June , McMaster reopened the majority of the state , though schools remained closed and businesses were required to follow social distancing procedures . Many schools and universities across the country canceled graduation ceremonies , but McMaster urged South Carolina schools to hold ceremonies in a manner that abided by social distancing requirements . He delivered the commencement address at West Florence High Schools graduation ceremony and sang Mull of Kintyre while playing his guitar .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "On June 10 , state epidemiologist Linda Bell said that COVID-19 was worse in June than it was when the state was closed in March and April . On average , the number of cases in early June was five to six times higher than in March and April . McMaster said , it is up to the people to determine what kind of precautions need to be followed , indicating that he would not place any more restrictions on businesses and public facilities . Bell accused McMaster of intentionally misleading the public about her stance on reopening the economy",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "; she claimed that his staff was somewhat manipulative and made it appear that she and other scientists backed his plan to reopen the economy when she did not .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "By late June and early July , confirmed cases in South Carolina had risen by as much as 2,000% compared to March and April . Despite pleas from lawmakers and other state officials , McMaster declined to enact a statewide requirement to wear masks , saying that such an order would be unenforceable . Consequently , dozens of municipalities enacted their own mask requirement ordinances , including Columbia , Forest Acres , Greenville , Charleston , Lexington , and most large cities and towns . Bell criticized McMasters decision and said a statewide mask requirement would be more effective .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "McMaster responded that a statewide requirement would give a “false sense of security to South Carolinians . Attorney General Alan Wilson noted that ordinances and laws requiring masks are not illegal . On July 10 , as the states COVID-19 cases exceeded 50,000 and nearly 900 deaths , McMaster issued an executive order prohibiting businesses from selling alcohol after 11 p.m . in an effort to prevent the spread of the virus among younger people .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "On July 15 , McMaster said in an address that South Carolina schools should give parents the option to send students to in-person classes in September 2020 . He instructed Superintendent of Education Molly Spearman to reject any schools reopening plan if it did not allow in-person learning . Groups such as the Palmetto State Teachers Association , the S.C . Education Association , and SC for ED criticized McMasters order , saying that it would needlessly jeopardize the health and safety of our state’s 800,000 students and more than 50,000 teachers . Several school districts , including Greenville County",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "School District , the states largest , denounced the order . Spearman , a Republican elected independently of McMaster , also disapproved of his order .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": " On July 29 , McMaster signed an executive order requiring face masks for employees and patrons in all South Carolina restaurants and bars and prohibiting any restaurant from operating at more than 50% capacity , seating tables less than six feet apart , or allowing people to congregate at a bar . By October , McMaster lifted most restrictions and unveiled SC CARES Act grants , a $65 million program aimed at helping small businesses and minority-owned businesses affected by COVID-19 .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "On December 22 , the governors office announced that McMaster and wife had both tested positive for COVID-19 .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "In response to the killing of George Floyd , protests flared across the United States . In South Carolina , protests occurred in Columbia , Greenville , and Charleston . While protests in Greenville were largely peaceful , there were some instances of violence in Columbia and Charleston . In Columbia , police cars were torched , shots were fired at police , and businesses were vandalized . In Charleston , protesters stopped traffic on Interstate-26 and the Arthur Ravenel Jr . Bridge and vandalized and looted businesses . Like President Trump , McMaster said that state and local governments",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "were being too lenient on rioters and looters and was critical of Charlestons initial response . He said to Trump , Weve got to take people out , give them justice , make it more than just the cost of doing business to come into one town , get arrested , pay bond . McMaster mobilized the South Carolina National Guard to be dispatched , if necessary , to halts riots and looting . At Trumps request , he also sent members of the National Guard to Washington , D.C . to aid in larger-scale protests .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "McMaster is a longtime advocate of private education . In 2020 , as part of the Governors Emergency Education Relief ( GEER ) and the CARES Act , federal funds were distributed to support education in states amid the COVID-19 pandemic . McMaster announced that he sought to use $32 billion , or two thirds , of South Carolinas $48 billion allotment on private school vouchers , and that 5,000 grants to private schools would be made with the federal relief money . His decision received harsh criticism from educators and politicians around the state . The Palmetto State Teachers",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "Association stated that the money could have been better used for South Carolinas nearly 1,000,000 students in public education instead of 5,000 students in private schools . SC for Ed , a teachers advocacy group , called the decision disappointing .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "McMasters supporters argued that parents should have a choice about where to send their children . On July 22 , 2020 , McMasters decision was halted by court order after educators sued him for failing to uphold a principle of the South Carolina Constitution : No money shall be paid from public funds nor shall the credit of the State or any of its political subdivisions be used for the direct benefit of any religious or other private educational institution . McMasters attorneys argued that the decision to use emergency funds for private schools should be decided by the voters",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "or the South Carolina General Assembly , not a court order . On October 7 , in the case Adams v . Henry McMaster , the South Carolina Supreme Court unanimously struck down McMasters decision , citing a violation of the state constitution . On October 23 , McMaster filed a petition to the court to review the ruling .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": " On October 8 , 2020 , a federal indictment against six men associated with the Wolverine Watchmen , a Michigan-based militia group , was unsealed . The indictment charges the men with plotting to kidnap Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer and violently overthrow Michigans government . A search warrant unsealed on October 28 revealed that the suspects had also discussed targeting McMaster during the early stages of their planning . One of the suspects was arrested in Columbia at the time the plot was uncovered , but there was no indication that he had plans of going after McMaster .",
"title": "Kidnapping plot allegations"
},
{
"text": " McMaster has had many clashes with the South Carolina General Assembly . Since January 2017 , he has vetoed 20 bills , and the legislature has overridden all or part of 19 of his vetoes . As of May 2021 , McMaster has had only one ( 5% ) of his vetoes sustained .",
"title": "Veto record"
},
{
"text": " McMaster opposes abortion . On February 18 , 2021 , he signed a bill into law that would ban most abortions . The next day , a federal judge suspended the law .",
"title": "Abortion"
},
{
"text": "On February 6 , 2017 , McMasters first major action as governor was to request $5.18 billion from President Trump for South Carolinas infrastructure . Trump made no public statement about McMasters request . Later in February , McMaster announced , [ the ] state government is going to have to go on a diet as far as spending . On May 9 , 2017 , McMaster vetoed a bill that would have raised the states gas tax by 12 cents—the largest tax increase in state history—but the South Carolina General Assembly overrode his veto the following day . McMaster",
"title": "Fiscal policies"
},
{
"text": "said the state had plenty of money in the system to do all the work on the roads if we would just apply it to the roads that need the work...Its not necessary to put yet another tax on the people of South Carolina .",
"title": "Fiscal policies"
},
{
"text": "McMaster has said he would sign legislation , if passed by the General Assembly , that would allow anyone who is legally allowed to buy a gun to do so without a state permit and carry it openly or concealed . When students did a walkout to protest gun violence and call for stricter gun control a month after the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting , McMaster called the walkout shameful and said it was a tricky move orchestrated by left-wing groups that were using the students as tools to further their agenda . Student activist David Hogg , who",
"title": "Guns"
},
{
"text": "survived the Parkland shooting , criticized McMaster , saying in a tweet that future voters will not reelect you and outlive you too .",
"title": "Guns"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , McMaster offered to send troops from the South Carolina National Guard to assist Texas in combating illegal immigration and drug trafficking . This came after Trump called for the deployment of thousands of soldiers along the Mexico–United States border , in which border states such as Arizona and New Mexico also participated .",
"title": "Immigration"
},
{
"text": " McMaster has been married to Peggy McMaster ( née Anderson ) since 1978 . They have two adult children and reside in Columbia , South Carolina . He owns an English Bulldog named Mac . McMaster and his family attend First Presbyterian Church in Columbia .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": " McMaster and his wife own several houses and rental apartments in the Columbia area . One home they own is the McCord House , which was constructed in 1849 and used as a Union headquarters during the Civil War . In 2016 , McMasters tax return indicated that he received $7.7 million in rent on such houses and apartments between 2006 and 2015 ; he paid a little over $500,000 for upkeep , maintenance , and cleaning . McMaster has also reportedly paid over $16,000 in fines for ordinance violations .",
"title": "Properties"
},
{
"text": " McMaster ran unsuccessfully for the U.S . Senate in 1986 , for lieutenant governor in 1990 , and for governor in 2010 . He was elected attorney general in 2002 and 2006 , lieutenant governor in 2014 , and governor in 2018 .",
"title": "Electoral history"
},
{
"text": " - Governor of South Carolina - Henry McMaster for Governo",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Henry_McMaster#P39#2
|
Which position did Henry McMaster hold between May 2015 and Jan 2016?
|
Henry McMaster Henry Dargan McMaster ( born May 27 , 1947 ) is an American politician , attorney , and member of the Republican Party who has been the 117th governor of South Carolina since January 24 , 2017 . McMaster worked for U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond , in private practice , and as a federal prosecutor . Appointed United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina by President Ronald Reagan in 1981 , he gained attention for investigating South Carolina marijuana smugglers in Operation Jackpot . McMaster was the Republican nominee for U.S . Senate in South Carolina in 1986 , losing to incumbent Democrat Fritz Hollings . He was then defeated for lieutenant governor of South Carolina by Democrat Nick Theodore in 1990 . McMaster chaired the South Carolina Republican Party from 1993 to 2002 . He was elected attorney general of South Carolina in 2002 and reelected in 2006 . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor but lost to Nikki Haley in the Republican primary . In 2011 , Haley appointed him to the South Carolina Ports Authority , a position from which he resigned after being elected lieutenant governor of South Carolina in 2014 . McMaster succeeded to the office of governor when Haley resigned to become the United States Ambassador to the United Nations . He won a full four-year term in the 2018 gubernatorial election after winning a runoff for the Republican nomination and defeating Democratic nominee James E . Smith Jr . in the general election . Early life . McMaster was born on May 27 , 1947 , in Columbia , South Carolina . He is the eldest son of John Gregg and Ida Dargan ( Pet ) McMaster . He received a bachelors degree in history from the University of South Carolina in 1969 . In 1973 , he graduated from the University of South Carolina School of Law , where he served on the editorial board of the South Carolina Law Review . Later that year , he was admitted to the Richland County Bar Association of the South Carolina Bar . He served in the United States Army Reserves , receiving an honorable discharge in 1975 . Upon graduation from law school , McMaster worked as a legislative assistant to U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond in Washington , D.C . until 1974 , when he joined the firm of Tompkins and McMaster . He was admitted to practice before the federal Court of Claims in 1974 , before the U.S . Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in 1975 , and upon Thurmonds motion , before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1978 . McMaster practiced law for almost 29 years , both as a federal prosecutor and in private practice , representing clients in the state and federal courts , trial and appellate . Early political career . United States Attorney . Upon Thurmonds recommendation , President Ronald Reagan nominated McMaster as United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina in 1981—Reagans first nomination for U.S . Attorney . The Senate confirmed McMaster on May 21 , 1981 . He headed the South Carolina Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee from 1981 to 1985 . During his tenure , McMaster created the federal drug task force Operation Jackpot to investigate South Carolina marijuana smugglers . Operation Jackpot ultimately arrested more than 100 people for crimes related to marijuana and hashish trafficking . McMaster held numerous press conferences during the operation and gained publicity through interviews and comments . His actions were criticized as political , with journalist Lee Bandy writing , no one can recall any other U.S . attorney being so public-relations conscious and noting that McMaster had held more press conferences and news releases than all his predecessors combined . McMaster completed his term as U.S . Attorney on December 31 , 1985 . Election bids and state appointments . In 1986 , after considering races for South Carolina lieutenant governor and attorney general , McMaster won the spirited Republican primary for the United States Senate against Henry Jordan , 27,696 votes ( 53.4% ) to 24,164 ( 46.6% ) . McMaster lost the general election in a landslide to four-term Democratic incumbent Ernest Hollings , 463,354 votes ( 63.1% ) to 261,394 ( 35.6% ) . In 1990 , McMaster ran for lieutenant governor . He defeated Sherry Shealy Martschink in the Republican primary , 49,463 votes ( 51.46% ) to 46,660 ( 48.54% ) , but again lost to the Democratic incumbent . He received 309,038 votes ( 41.19% ) to Nick Theodores 440,844 ( 58.75% ) . In 1991 , Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . appointed McMaster to the states Commission on Higher Education , and the South Carolina Senate confirmed him . He also served on the Board of Directors of the nonprofit South Carolina Policy Council from 1991 to 2003 , serving as board chairman from 1992 to 1993 . South Carolina Republican Party Chair . On May 8 , 1993 , McMaster was elected Chairman of the South Carolina Republican Party . He was reelected by the State Republican Convention in 1996 , 1998 and 2000 . In this capacity , he also served as a member of the Republican National Committee from 1993 to 2002 . Under McMasters chairmanship , the Republican Party captured the governorship , several statewide offices and ( with party switches ) the State House of Representatives in 1994 , and finally captured control of the powerful State Senate in 2000 . Under McMaster , the South Carolina GOP also ran highly contentious and successful presidential primaries in 1996 ( won by Bob Dole ) and 2000 ( won by George W . Bush ) . On March 28 , 2002 , McMaster announced his resignation as party chairman so that he could run for attorney general . Attorney General of South Carolina . McMaster placed first in the Republican primary for attorney general , with 126,164 votes ( 42.41% ) , ahead of State Senator and former judge Larry Richter and attorney Jon E . Ozmint . He defeated Richter in the runoff , 162,014 votes ( 55.8% ) to 128,271 ( 44.2% ) . In the general election , McMaster defeated Democratic attorney and former Director of the South Carolina Department of Probation , Parole and Pardon Services Stephen K . Benjamin , 601,931 votes ( 55.5% ) to 482,560 ( 44.5% ) . He was reelected in 2006 , unopposed in both the Republican primary and the general election . Run for governor ; Ports Authority . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor , but finished third in the Republican primary with 71,187 votes ( 16.94% ) , ahead of Lieutenant Governor André Bauers 52,324 ( 12.45% ) but behind U.S . Representative Gresham Barretts 91,461 ( 21.76% ) and State Representative Nikki Haleys 205,360 ( 48.86% ) . He immediately endorsed Haley , who had been the front-runner throughout the race and defeated Barrett in the runoff by a landslide . In 2011 , Haley appointed McMaster to the South Carolina Ports Authority , succeeding Harry Butler Jr . McMaster left the Ports Authority in 2015 and was replaced by Kurt D . Grindstaff . Campaign finance violation . On January 6 , 2015 , the Ethics Commission of South Carolina accused McMaster of accepting about $70,000 in donations to his 2010 campaign for governor , exceeding South Carolinas limit for donations by $51,850 . The commission released documents stating that McMaster accepted these extra funds to help settle campaign debt . In September 2015 , the commission refused to dismiss the complaint and McMasters attorney indicated McMaster was likely to settle . In March 2016 , the commission ordered McMaster to repay $72,700 in excess campaign contributions from his 2010 run for governor and pay a $5,100 fine . Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina . McMaster filed to run for lieutenant governor of South Carolina on March 27 , 2014 . He received 44% of the vote in a four-way Republican Party primary , forcing a runoff between him and Mike Campbell , son of former Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . McMaster defeated Campbell with 63.6% of the vote and faced Democratic State Representative Bakari Sellers in the general election . Upon his inauguration , he succeeded Democrat Yancey McGill . During the campaign , Sellers challenged McMaster to renounce his 30-year membership in Columbias Forest Lake Country Club , a private country club alleged to exclude black members ; in response , McMasters campaign manager said that the club [ had ] no policies of racial discrimination and that McMaster would not be a member if it did . On November 4 , 2014 , McMaster was elected lieutenant governor with 58.8% of the vote . McMaster was elected on a separate ticket from Governor Haley , the last time a lieutenant governor was elected in this manner ; as of 2018 , candidates for governor and lieutenant governor run on the same ticket . During the 2016 presidential campaign , McMaster was an early and avid supporter of Donald Trump . He claimed to be the first elected politician in the United States to support Trump . After Trump won the Republican nomination , McMaster delivered the nominating speech at the Republican National Convention . Governor of South Carolina . Elections . On November 23 , 2016 , President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Haley as Ambassador to the United Nations . On January 24 , 2017 , the Senate confirmed Haley . Later that day , she resigned as governor and McMaster assumed the governorship . Inaugurated at the age of 69 years and 8 months , McMaster is the oldest person ever to assume the office of governor in South Carolina . McMaster served the remainder of Haleys term , which expired in January 2019 . Per the South Carolina constitution , McMaster is eligible to serve as governor until January 2027 if he is reelected in 2022 . Before ascending to the office of governor , McMaster declared in September 2016 that he would run in the 2018 election . McMaster won the 2018 election to serve his first four-year term . After McMasters first year as governor , The State evaluated his performance . It praised him for adding 17,000 jobs in the state , his accessibility to state legislators , and his handling of Hurricane Irma in 2017 , but criticized his lack of leadership , citing as an example his veto of a gas-tax increase that would have paid for road repairs and replacements for aging school buses , which members of both parties slammed , including McMasters gubernatorial primary rival Catherine Templeton . The State summed up McMasters first year as mixed . 2018 . On June 12 , 2018 , McMaster placed first in the Republican gubernatorial primary , with 155,072 votes . But since that was 42.3% of the vote , less than a majority , he faced John Warren in a runoff . On June 26 , McMaster won the runoff with about 52% of the vote . McMaster chose businesswoman Pamela Evette as his running mate , not incumbent Lieutenant Governor Kevin L . Bryant , who ran against McMaster for the gubernatorial nomination . Trump endorsed McMaster . McMaster defeated Democratic nominee James Smith in the general election with 54% of the vote . 2022 . McMaster has declared his intention to seek reelection in 2022 and is being challenged by former U.S . Representative Joe Cunningham . Tenure . Richard Quinn corruption investigation . In 2017 , McMaster , the University of South Carolina , BlueCross BlueShield , Columbia Mayor Steve Benjamin , and a number of prominent state legislators were connected to Richard Quinn and Associates , a firm he employed for political consulting . Richard Quinn and Associates was named as part of a larger corruption probe Special Prosecutor David Pascoe conducted within the South Carolina General Assembly , which first ensnared then-Speaker Bobby Harrell , who resigned and pleaded guilty to public corruption charges in 2014 . McMaster has not been implicated in Pascoes corruption probe , but four state legislators have been indicted as part of it as of May 2017 . McMasters connections to Richard Quinn and Associates caused him challenges in the South Carolina legislature when replacing two members of the South Carolina Ports Authority ( SCPA ) Board of Directors whose terms had expired . At the time of McMasters replacement nominations , the SCPA paid Quinn a consulting fee of $8,100 per month . State lawmakers delayed the vote on McMasters two nominees for two weeks , citing the ongoing corruption probe that had pulled in three Republican legislators . Both nominees were confirmed after the SCPA voted to cease employing Quinn . McMaster likewise ceased to use Quinn in advance of his 2018 gubernatorial campaign . Nukegate . McMaster was in office when it was announced that SCANA and Santee Cooper were abandoning the expansion of the Virgil C . Summer Nuclear Generating Station in 2017 . The event has been nicknamed the Nukegate scandal . Following the retirement of Santee Coopers chairman , McMaster appointed Charlie Condon as a replacement . McMaster favors the sale of the utility , which he has called a rogue agency due to its independence and financial problems . COVID-19 pandemic . Like most governors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020 , McMaster declared a state of emergency and closed schools and nonessential businesses within the state . He also issued a stay-at-home order . On April 20 , 2020 , McMaster drew criticism for reopening beaches and retail stores five days after South Carolina experienced its highest number of new positive COVID-19 tests , but he did include additional social distancing requirements in his executive order . McMaster said the economy was stalled because of the pandemic and that he anticipated having the economy humming by June 2020 . By early June , McMaster reopened the majority of the state , though schools remained closed and businesses were required to follow social distancing procedures . Many schools and universities across the country canceled graduation ceremonies , but McMaster urged South Carolina schools to hold ceremonies in a manner that abided by social distancing requirements . He delivered the commencement address at West Florence High Schools graduation ceremony and sang Mull of Kintyre while playing his guitar . On June 10 , state epidemiologist Linda Bell said that COVID-19 was worse in June than it was when the state was closed in March and April . On average , the number of cases in early June was five to six times higher than in March and April . McMaster said , it is up to the people to determine what kind of precautions need to be followed , indicating that he would not place any more restrictions on businesses and public facilities . Bell accused McMaster of intentionally misleading the public about her stance on reopening the economy ; she claimed that his staff was somewhat manipulative and made it appear that she and other scientists backed his plan to reopen the economy when she did not . By late June and early July , confirmed cases in South Carolina had risen by as much as 2,000% compared to March and April . Despite pleas from lawmakers and other state officials , McMaster declined to enact a statewide requirement to wear masks , saying that such an order would be unenforceable . Consequently , dozens of municipalities enacted their own mask requirement ordinances , including Columbia , Forest Acres , Greenville , Charleston , Lexington , and most large cities and towns . Bell criticized McMasters decision and said a statewide mask requirement would be more effective . McMaster responded that a statewide requirement would give a “false sense of security to South Carolinians . Attorney General Alan Wilson noted that ordinances and laws requiring masks are not illegal . On July 10 , as the states COVID-19 cases exceeded 50,000 and nearly 900 deaths , McMaster issued an executive order prohibiting businesses from selling alcohol after 11 p.m . in an effort to prevent the spread of the virus among younger people . On July 15 , McMaster said in an address that South Carolina schools should give parents the option to send students to in-person classes in September 2020 . He instructed Superintendent of Education Molly Spearman to reject any schools reopening plan if it did not allow in-person learning . Groups such as the Palmetto State Teachers Association , the S.C . Education Association , and SC for ED criticized McMasters order , saying that it would needlessly jeopardize the health and safety of our state’s 800,000 students and more than 50,000 teachers . Several school districts , including Greenville County School District , the states largest , denounced the order . Spearman , a Republican elected independently of McMaster , also disapproved of his order . On July 29 , McMaster signed an executive order requiring face masks for employees and patrons in all South Carolina restaurants and bars and prohibiting any restaurant from operating at more than 50% capacity , seating tables less than six feet apart , or allowing people to congregate at a bar . By October , McMaster lifted most restrictions and unveiled SC CARES Act grants , a $65 million program aimed at helping small businesses and minority-owned businesses affected by COVID-19 . On December 22 , the governors office announced that McMaster and wife had both tested positive for COVID-19 . 2020 protests and riots . In response to the killing of George Floyd , protests flared across the United States . In South Carolina , protests occurred in Columbia , Greenville , and Charleston . While protests in Greenville were largely peaceful , there were some instances of violence in Columbia and Charleston . In Columbia , police cars were torched , shots were fired at police , and businesses were vandalized . In Charleston , protesters stopped traffic on Interstate-26 and the Arthur Ravenel Jr . Bridge and vandalized and looted businesses . Like President Trump , McMaster said that state and local governments were being too lenient on rioters and looters and was critical of Charlestons initial response . He said to Trump , Weve got to take people out , give them justice , make it more than just the cost of doing business to come into one town , get arrested , pay bond . McMaster mobilized the South Carolina National Guard to be dispatched , if necessary , to halts riots and looting . At Trumps request , he also sent members of the National Guard to Washington , D.C . to aid in larger-scale protests . Adams v . Henry McMaster . McMaster is a longtime advocate of private education . In 2020 , as part of the Governors Emergency Education Relief ( GEER ) and the CARES Act , federal funds were distributed to support education in states amid the COVID-19 pandemic . McMaster announced that he sought to use $32 billion , or two thirds , of South Carolinas $48 billion allotment on private school vouchers , and that 5,000 grants to private schools would be made with the federal relief money . His decision received harsh criticism from educators and politicians around the state . The Palmetto State Teachers Association stated that the money could have been better used for South Carolinas nearly 1,000,000 students in public education instead of 5,000 students in private schools . SC for Ed , a teachers advocacy group , called the decision disappointing . McMasters supporters argued that parents should have a choice about where to send their children . On July 22 , 2020 , McMasters decision was halted by court order after educators sued him for failing to uphold a principle of the South Carolina Constitution : No money shall be paid from public funds nor shall the credit of the State or any of its political subdivisions be used for the direct benefit of any religious or other private educational institution . McMasters attorneys argued that the decision to use emergency funds for private schools should be decided by the voters or the South Carolina General Assembly , not a court order . On October 7 , in the case Adams v . Henry McMaster , the South Carolina Supreme Court unanimously struck down McMasters decision , citing a violation of the state constitution . On October 23 , McMaster filed a petition to the court to review the ruling . Kidnapping plot allegations . On October 8 , 2020 , a federal indictment against six men associated with the Wolverine Watchmen , a Michigan-based militia group , was unsealed . The indictment charges the men with plotting to kidnap Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer and violently overthrow Michigans government . A search warrant unsealed on October 28 revealed that the suspects had also discussed targeting McMaster during the early stages of their planning . One of the suspects was arrested in Columbia at the time the plot was uncovered , but there was no indication that he had plans of going after McMaster . Veto record . McMaster has had many clashes with the South Carolina General Assembly . Since January 2017 , he has vetoed 20 bills , and the legislature has overridden all or part of 19 of his vetoes . As of May 2021 , McMaster has had only one ( 5% ) of his vetoes sustained . Political positions . Abortion . McMaster opposes abortion . On February 18 , 2021 , he signed a bill into law that would ban most abortions . The next day , a federal judge suspended the law . Fiscal policies . On February 6 , 2017 , McMasters first major action as governor was to request $5.18 billion from President Trump for South Carolinas infrastructure . Trump made no public statement about McMasters request . Later in February , McMaster announced , [ the ] state government is going to have to go on a diet as far as spending . On May 9 , 2017 , McMaster vetoed a bill that would have raised the states gas tax by 12 cents—the largest tax increase in state history—but the South Carolina General Assembly overrode his veto the following day . McMaster said the state had plenty of money in the system to do all the work on the roads if we would just apply it to the roads that need the work...Its not necessary to put yet another tax on the people of South Carolina . Guns . McMaster has said he would sign legislation , if passed by the General Assembly , that would allow anyone who is legally allowed to buy a gun to do so without a state permit and carry it openly or concealed . When students did a walkout to protest gun violence and call for stricter gun control a month after the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting , McMaster called the walkout shameful and said it was a tricky move orchestrated by left-wing groups that were using the students as tools to further their agenda . Student activist David Hogg , who survived the Parkland shooting , criticized McMaster , saying in a tweet that future voters will not reelect you and outlive you too . Immigration . In 2018 , McMaster offered to send troops from the South Carolina National Guard to assist Texas in combating illegal immigration and drug trafficking . This came after Trump called for the deployment of thousands of soldiers along the Mexico–United States border , in which border states such as Arizona and New Mexico also participated . Personal life . Family . McMaster has been married to Peggy McMaster ( née Anderson ) since 1978 . They have two adult children and reside in Columbia , South Carolina . He owns an English Bulldog named Mac . McMaster and his family attend First Presbyterian Church in Columbia . Properties . McMaster and his wife own several houses and rental apartments in the Columbia area . One home they own is the McCord House , which was constructed in 1849 and used as a Union headquarters during the Civil War . In 2016 , McMasters tax return indicated that he received $7.7 million in rent on such houses and apartments between 2006 and 2015 ; he paid a little over $500,000 for upkeep , maintenance , and cleaning . McMaster has also reportedly paid over $16,000 in fines for ordinance violations . Electoral history . McMaster ran unsuccessfully for the U.S . Senate in 1986 , for lieutenant governor in 1990 , and for governor in 2010 . He was elected attorney general in 2002 and 2006 , lieutenant governor in 2014 , and governor in 2018 . External links . - Governor of South Carolina - Henry McMaster for Governo
|
[
"McMaster to the South Carolina Ports Authority"
] |
[
{
"text": " Henry Dargan McMaster ( born May 27 , 1947 ) is an American politician , attorney , and member of the Republican Party who has been the 117th governor of South Carolina since January 24 , 2017 .",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "McMaster worked for U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond , in private practice , and as a federal prosecutor . Appointed United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina by President Ronald Reagan in 1981 , he gained attention for investigating South Carolina marijuana smugglers in Operation Jackpot . McMaster was the Republican nominee for U.S . Senate in South Carolina in 1986 , losing to incumbent Democrat Fritz Hollings . He was then defeated for lieutenant governor of South Carolina by Democrat Nick Theodore in 1990 .",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "McMaster chaired the South Carolina Republican Party from 1993 to 2002 . He was elected attorney general of South Carolina in 2002 and reelected in 2006 . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor but lost to Nikki Haley in the Republican primary . In 2011 , Haley appointed him to the South Carolina Ports Authority , a position from which he resigned after being elected lieutenant governor of South Carolina in 2014 . McMaster succeeded to the office of governor when Haley resigned to become the United States Ambassador to the United Nations . He won a full four-year term",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "in the 2018 gubernatorial election after winning a runoff for the Republican nomination and defeating Democratic nominee James E . Smith Jr . in the general election .",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "McMaster was born on May 27 , 1947 , in Columbia , South Carolina . He is the eldest son of John Gregg and Ida Dargan ( Pet ) McMaster . He received a bachelors degree in history from the University of South Carolina in 1969 . In 1973 , he graduated from the University of South Carolina School of Law , where he served on the editorial board of the South Carolina Law Review . Later that year , he was admitted to the Richland County Bar Association of the South Carolina Bar . He served in the United",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "States Army Reserves , receiving an honorable discharge in 1975 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Upon graduation from law school , McMaster worked as a legislative assistant to U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond in Washington , D.C . until 1974 , when he joined the firm of Tompkins and McMaster . He was admitted to practice before the federal Court of Claims in 1974 , before the U.S . Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in 1975 , and upon Thurmonds motion , before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1978 . McMaster practiced law for almost 29 years , both as a federal prosecutor and in private practice , representing clients",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "in the state and federal courts , trial and appellate .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Upon Thurmonds recommendation , President Ronald Reagan nominated McMaster as United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina in 1981—Reagans first nomination for U.S . Attorney . The Senate confirmed McMaster on May 21 , 1981 . He headed the South Carolina Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee from 1981 to 1985 .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "During his tenure , McMaster created the federal drug task force Operation Jackpot to investigate South Carolina marijuana smugglers . Operation Jackpot ultimately arrested more than 100 people for crimes related to marijuana and hashish trafficking . McMaster held numerous press conferences during the operation and gained publicity through interviews and comments . His actions were criticized as political , with journalist Lee Bandy writing , no one can recall any other U.S . attorney being so public-relations conscious and noting that McMaster had held more press conferences and news releases than all his predecessors combined . McMaster completed his",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "term as U.S . Attorney on December 31 , 1985 .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": " Election bids and state appointments . In 1986 , after considering races for South Carolina lieutenant governor and attorney general , McMaster won the spirited Republican primary for the United States Senate against Henry Jordan , 27,696 votes ( 53.4% ) to 24,164 ( 46.6% ) . McMaster lost the general election in a landslide to four-term Democratic incumbent Ernest Hollings , 463,354 votes ( 63.1% ) to 261,394 ( 35.6% ) .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "In 1990 , McMaster ran for lieutenant governor . He defeated Sherry Shealy Martschink in the Republican primary , 49,463 votes ( 51.46% ) to 46,660 ( 48.54% ) , but again lost to the Democratic incumbent . He received 309,038 votes ( 41.19% ) to Nick Theodores 440,844 ( 58.75% ) .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": " In 1991 , Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . appointed McMaster to the states Commission on Higher Education , and the South Carolina Senate confirmed him . He also served on the Board of Directors of the nonprofit South Carolina Policy Council from 1991 to 2003 , serving as board chairman from 1992 to 1993 . South Carolina Republican Party Chair .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "On May 8 , 1993 , McMaster was elected Chairman of the South Carolina Republican Party . He was reelected by the State Republican Convention in 1996 , 1998 and 2000 . In this capacity , he also served as a member of the Republican National Committee from 1993 to 2002 . Under McMasters chairmanship , the Republican Party captured the governorship , several statewide offices and ( with party switches ) the State House of Representatives in 1994 , and finally captured control of the powerful State Senate in 2000 . Under McMaster , the South Carolina GOP also",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "ran highly contentious and successful presidential primaries in 1996 ( won by Bob Dole ) and 2000 ( won by George W . Bush ) . On March 28 , 2002 , McMaster announced his resignation as party chairman so that he could run for attorney general .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "McMaster placed first in the Republican primary for attorney general , with 126,164 votes ( 42.41% ) , ahead of State Senator and former judge Larry Richter and attorney Jon E . Ozmint . He defeated Richter in the runoff , 162,014 votes ( 55.8% ) to 128,271 ( 44.2% ) . In the general election , McMaster defeated Democratic attorney and former Director of the South Carolina Department of Probation , Parole and Pardon Services Stephen K . Benjamin , 601,931 votes ( 55.5% ) to 482,560 ( 44.5% ) . He was reelected in 2006 , unopposed in",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "both the Republican primary and the general election .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": " Run for governor ; Ports Authority . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor , but finished third in the Republican primary with 71,187 votes ( 16.94% ) , ahead of Lieutenant Governor André Bauers 52,324 ( 12.45% ) but behind U.S . Representative Gresham Barretts 91,461 ( 21.76% ) and State Representative Nikki Haleys 205,360 ( 48.86% ) . He immediately endorsed Haley , who had been the front-runner throughout the race and defeated Barrett in the runoff by a landslide .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "In 2011 , Haley appointed McMaster to the South Carolina Ports Authority , succeeding Harry Butler Jr . McMaster left the Ports Authority in 2015 and was replaced by Kurt D . Grindstaff .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "On January 6 , 2015 , the Ethics Commission of South Carolina accused McMaster of accepting about $70,000 in donations to his 2010 campaign for governor , exceeding South Carolinas limit for donations by $51,850 . The commission released documents stating that McMaster accepted these extra funds to help settle campaign debt . In September 2015 , the commission refused to dismiss the complaint and McMasters attorney indicated McMaster was likely to settle . In March 2016 , the commission ordered McMaster to repay $72,700 in excess campaign contributions from his 2010 run for governor and pay a $5,100 fine",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": "McMaster filed to run for lieutenant governor of South Carolina on March 27 , 2014 . He received 44% of the vote in a four-way Republican Party primary , forcing a runoff between him and Mike Campbell , son of former Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . McMaster defeated Campbell with 63.6% of the vote and faced Democratic State Representative Bakari Sellers in the general election . Upon his inauguration , he succeeded Democrat Yancey McGill . During the campaign , Sellers challenged McMaster to renounce his 30-year membership in Columbias Forest Lake Country Club , a private country",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": "club alleged to exclude black members ; in response , McMasters campaign manager said that the club [ had ] no policies of racial discrimination and that McMaster would not be a member if it did . On November 4 , 2014 , McMaster was elected lieutenant governor with 58.8% of the vote .",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": " McMaster was elected on a separate ticket from Governor Haley , the last time a lieutenant governor was elected in this manner ; as of 2018 , candidates for governor and lieutenant governor run on the same ticket . During the 2016 presidential campaign , McMaster was an early and avid supporter of Donald Trump . He claimed to be the first elected politician in the United States to support Trump . After Trump won the Republican nomination , McMaster delivered the nominating speech at the Republican National Convention . Governor of South Carolina .",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": "On November 23 , 2016 , President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Haley as Ambassador to the United Nations . On January 24 , 2017 , the Senate confirmed Haley . Later that day , she resigned as governor and McMaster assumed the governorship . Inaugurated at the age of 69 years and 8 months , McMaster is the oldest person ever to assume the office of governor in South Carolina . McMaster served the remainder of Haleys term , which expired in January 2019 . Per the South Carolina constitution , McMaster is eligible to serve as",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "governor until January 2027 if he is reelected in 2022 . Before ascending to the office of governor , McMaster declared in September 2016 that he would run in the 2018 election . McMaster won the 2018 election to serve his first four-year term .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " After McMasters first year as governor , The State evaluated his performance . It praised him for adding 17,000 jobs in the state , his accessibility to state legislators , and his handling of Hurricane Irma in 2017 , but criticized his lack of leadership , citing as an example his veto of a gas-tax increase that would have paid for road repairs and replacements for aging school buses , which members of both parties slammed , including McMasters gubernatorial primary rival Catherine Templeton . The State summed up McMasters first year as mixed . 2018 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "On June 12 , 2018 , McMaster placed first in the Republican gubernatorial primary , with 155,072 votes . But since that was 42.3% of the vote , less than a majority , he faced John Warren in a runoff . On June 26 , McMaster won the runoff with about 52% of the vote . McMaster chose businesswoman Pamela Evette as his running mate , not incumbent Lieutenant Governor Kevin L . Bryant , who ran against McMaster for the gubernatorial nomination . Trump endorsed McMaster . McMaster defeated Democratic nominee James Smith in the general election with 54%",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "of the vote .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2022 . McMaster has declared his intention to seek reelection in 2022 and is being challenged by former U.S . Representative Joe Cunningham .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , McMaster , the University of South Carolina , BlueCross BlueShield , Columbia Mayor Steve Benjamin , and a number of prominent state legislators were connected to Richard Quinn and Associates , a firm he employed for political consulting . Richard Quinn and Associates was named as part of a larger corruption probe Special Prosecutor David Pascoe conducted within the South Carolina General Assembly , which first ensnared then-Speaker Bobby Harrell , who resigned and pleaded guilty to public corruption charges in 2014 . McMaster has not been implicated in Pascoes corruption probe , but four state legislators",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "have been indicted as part of it as of May 2017 .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "McMasters connections to Richard Quinn and Associates caused him challenges in the South Carolina legislature when replacing two members of the South Carolina Ports Authority ( SCPA ) Board of Directors whose terms had expired . At the time of McMasters replacement nominations , the SCPA paid Quinn a consulting fee of $8,100 per month . State lawmakers delayed the vote on McMasters two nominees for two weeks , citing the ongoing corruption probe that had pulled in three Republican legislators . Both nominees were confirmed after the SCPA voted to cease employing Quinn . McMaster likewise ceased to use",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "Quinn in advance of his 2018 gubernatorial campaign .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " McMaster was in office when it was announced that SCANA and Santee Cooper were abandoning the expansion of the Virgil C . Summer Nuclear Generating Station in 2017 . The event has been nicknamed the Nukegate scandal . Following the retirement of Santee Coopers chairman , McMaster appointed Charlie Condon as a replacement . McMaster favors the sale of the utility , which he has called a rogue agency due to its independence and financial problems .",
"title": "Nukegate"
},
{
"text": "Like most governors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020 , McMaster declared a state of emergency and closed schools and nonessential businesses within the state . He also issued a stay-at-home order . On April 20 , 2020 , McMaster drew criticism for reopening beaches and retail stores five days after South Carolina experienced its highest number of new positive COVID-19 tests , but he did include additional social distancing requirements in his executive order . McMaster said the economy was stalled because of the pandemic and that he anticipated having the economy humming by June",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "2020 . By early June , McMaster reopened the majority of the state , though schools remained closed and businesses were required to follow social distancing procedures . Many schools and universities across the country canceled graduation ceremonies , but McMaster urged South Carolina schools to hold ceremonies in a manner that abided by social distancing requirements . He delivered the commencement address at West Florence High Schools graduation ceremony and sang Mull of Kintyre while playing his guitar .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "On June 10 , state epidemiologist Linda Bell said that COVID-19 was worse in June than it was when the state was closed in March and April . On average , the number of cases in early June was five to six times higher than in March and April . McMaster said , it is up to the people to determine what kind of precautions need to be followed , indicating that he would not place any more restrictions on businesses and public facilities . Bell accused McMaster of intentionally misleading the public about her stance on reopening the economy",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "; she claimed that his staff was somewhat manipulative and made it appear that she and other scientists backed his plan to reopen the economy when she did not .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "By late June and early July , confirmed cases in South Carolina had risen by as much as 2,000% compared to March and April . Despite pleas from lawmakers and other state officials , McMaster declined to enact a statewide requirement to wear masks , saying that such an order would be unenforceable . Consequently , dozens of municipalities enacted their own mask requirement ordinances , including Columbia , Forest Acres , Greenville , Charleston , Lexington , and most large cities and towns . Bell criticized McMasters decision and said a statewide mask requirement would be more effective .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "McMaster responded that a statewide requirement would give a “false sense of security to South Carolinians . Attorney General Alan Wilson noted that ordinances and laws requiring masks are not illegal . On July 10 , as the states COVID-19 cases exceeded 50,000 and nearly 900 deaths , McMaster issued an executive order prohibiting businesses from selling alcohol after 11 p.m . in an effort to prevent the spread of the virus among younger people .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "On July 15 , McMaster said in an address that South Carolina schools should give parents the option to send students to in-person classes in September 2020 . He instructed Superintendent of Education Molly Spearman to reject any schools reopening plan if it did not allow in-person learning . Groups such as the Palmetto State Teachers Association , the S.C . Education Association , and SC for ED criticized McMasters order , saying that it would needlessly jeopardize the health and safety of our state’s 800,000 students and more than 50,000 teachers . Several school districts , including Greenville County",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "School District , the states largest , denounced the order . Spearman , a Republican elected independently of McMaster , also disapproved of his order .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": " On July 29 , McMaster signed an executive order requiring face masks for employees and patrons in all South Carolina restaurants and bars and prohibiting any restaurant from operating at more than 50% capacity , seating tables less than six feet apart , or allowing people to congregate at a bar . By October , McMaster lifted most restrictions and unveiled SC CARES Act grants , a $65 million program aimed at helping small businesses and minority-owned businesses affected by COVID-19 .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "On December 22 , the governors office announced that McMaster and wife had both tested positive for COVID-19 .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "In response to the killing of George Floyd , protests flared across the United States . In South Carolina , protests occurred in Columbia , Greenville , and Charleston . While protests in Greenville were largely peaceful , there were some instances of violence in Columbia and Charleston . In Columbia , police cars were torched , shots were fired at police , and businesses were vandalized . In Charleston , protesters stopped traffic on Interstate-26 and the Arthur Ravenel Jr . Bridge and vandalized and looted businesses . Like President Trump , McMaster said that state and local governments",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "were being too lenient on rioters and looters and was critical of Charlestons initial response . He said to Trump , Weve got to take people out , give them justice , make it more than just the cost of doing business to come into one town , get arrested , pay bond . McMaster mobilized the South Carolina National Guard to be dispatched , if necessary , to halts riots and looting . At Trumps request , he also sent members of the National Guard to Washington , D.C . to aid in larger-scale protests .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "McMaster is a longtime advocate of private education . In 2020 , as part of the Governors Emergency Education Relief ( GEER ) and the CARES Act , federal funds were distributed to support education in states amid the COVID-19 pandemic . McMaster announced that he sought to use $32 billion , or two thirds , of South Carolinas $48 billion allotment on private school vouchers , and that 5,000 grants to private schools would be made with the federal relief money . His decision received harsh criticism from educators and politicians around the state . The Palmetto State Teachers",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "Association stated that the money could have been better used for South Carolinas nearly 1,000,000 students in public education instead of 5,000 students in private schools . SC for Ed , a teachers advocacy group , called the decision disappointing .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "McMasters supporters argued that parents should have a choice about where to send their children . On July 22 , 2020 , McMasters decision was halted by court order after educators sued him for failing to uphold a principle of the South Carolina Constitution : No money shall be paid from public funds nor shall the credit of the State or any of its political subdivisions be used for the direct benefit of any religious or other private educational institution . McMasters attorneys argued that the decision to use emergency funds for private schools should be decided by the voters",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "or the South Carolina General Assembly , not a court order . On October 7 , in the case Adams v . Henry McMaster , the South Carolina Supreme Court unanimously struck down McMasters decision , citing a violation of the state constitution . On October 23 , McMaster filed a petition to the court to review the ruling .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": " On October 8 , 2020 , a federal indictment against six men associated with the Wolverine Watchmen , a Michigan-based militia group , was unsealed . The indictment charges the men with plotting to kidnap Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer and violently overthrow Michigans government . A search warrant unsealed on October 28 revealed that the suspects had also discussed targeting McMaster during the early stages of their planning . One of the suspects was arrested in Columbia at the time the plot was uncovered , but there was no indication that he had plans of going after McMaster .",
"title": "Kidnapping plot allegations"
},
{
"text": " McMaster has had many clashes with the South Carolina General Assembly . Since January 2017 , he has vetoed 20 bills , and the legislature has overridden all or part of 19 of his vetoes . As of May 2021 , McMaster has had only one ( 5% ) of his vetoes sustained .",
"title": "Veto record"
},
{
"text": " McMaster opposes abortion . On February 18 , 2021 , he signed a bill into law that would ban most abortions . The next day , a federal judge suspended the law .",
"title": "Abortion"
},
{
"text": "On February 6 , 2017 , McMasters first major action as governor was to request $5.18 billion from President Trump for South Carolinas infrastructure . Trump made no public statement about McMasters request . Later in February , McMaster announced , [ the ] state government is going to have to go on a diet as far as spending . On May 9 , 2017 , McMaster vetoed a bill that would have raised the states gas tax by 12 cents—the largest tax increase in state history—but the South Carolina General Assembly overrode his veto the following day . McMaster",
"title": "Fiscal policies"
},
{
"text": "said the state had plenty of money in the system to do all the work on the roads if we would just apply it to the roads that need the work...Its not necessary to put yet another tax on the people of South Carolina .",
"title": "Fiscal policies"
},
{
"text": "McMaster has said he would sign legislation , if passed by the General Assembly , that would allow anyone who is legally allowed to buy a gun to do so without a state permit and carry it openly or concealed . When students did a walkout to protest gun violence and call for stricter gun control a month after the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting , McMaster called the walkout shameful and said it was a tricky move orchestrated by left-wing groups that were using the students as tools to further their agenda . Student activist David Hogg , who",
"title": "Guns"
},
{
"text": "survived the Parkland shooting , criticized McMaster , saying in a tweet that future voters will not reelect you and outlive you too .",
"title": "Guns"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , McMaster offered to send troops from the South Carolina National Guard to assist Texas in combating illegal immigration and drug trafficking . This came after Trump called for the deployment of thousands of soldiers along the Mexico–United States border , in which border states such as Arizona and New Mexico also participated .",
"title": "Immigration"
},
{
"text": " McMaster has been married to Peggy McMaster ( née Anderson ) since 1978 . They have two adult children and reside in Columbia , South Carolina . He owns an English Bulldog named Mac . McMaster and his family attend First Presbyterian Church in Columbia .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": " McMaster and his wife own several houses and rental apartments in the Columbia area . One home they own is the McCord House , which was constructed in 1849 and used as a Union headquarters during the Civil War . In 2016 , McMasters tax return indicated that he received $7.7 million in rent on such houses and apartments between 2006 and 2015 ; he paid a little over $500,000 for upkeep , maintenance , and cleaning . McMaster has also reportedly paid over $16,000 in fines for ordinance violations .",
"title": "Properties"
},
{
"text": " McMaster ran unsuccessfully for the U.S . Senate in 1986 , for lieutenant governor in 1990 , and for governor in 2010 . He was elected attorney general in 2002 and 2006 , lieutenant governor in 2014 , and governor in 2018 .",
"title": "Electoral history"
},
{
"text": " - Governor of South Carolina - Henry McMaster for Governo",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Henry_McMaster#P39#3
|
Which position did Henry McMaster hold between Nov 2017 and Dec 2017?
|
Henry McMaster Henry Dargan McMaster ( born May 27 , 1947 ) is an American politician , attorney , and member of the Republican Party who has been the 117th governor of South Carolina since January 24 , 2017 . McMaster worked for U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond , in private practice , and as a federal prosecutor . Appointed United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina by President Ronald Reagan in 1981 , he gained attention for investigating South Carolina marijuana smugglers in Operation Jackpot . McMaster was the Republican nominee for U.S . Senate in South Carolina in 1986 , losing to incumbent Democrat Fritz Hollings . He was then defeated for lieutenant governor of South Carolina by Democrat Nick Theodore in 1990 . McMaster chaired the South Carolina Republican Party from 1993 to 2002 . He was elected attorney general of South Carolina in 2002 and reelected in 2006 . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor but lost to Nikki Haley in the Republican primary . In 2011 , Haley appointed him to the South Carolina Ports Authority , a position from which he resigned after being elected lieutenant governor of South Carolina in 2014 . McMaster succeeded to the office of governor when Haley resigned to become the United States Ambassador to the United Nations . He won a full four-year term in the 2018 gubernatorial election after winning a runoff for the Republican nomination and defeating Democratic nominee James E . Smith Jr . in the general election . Early life . McMaster was born on May 27 , 1947 , in Columbia , South Carolina . He is the eldest son of John Gregg and Ida Dargan ( Pet ) McMaster . He received a bachelors degree in history from the University of South Carolina in 1969 . In 1973 , he graduated from the University of South Carolina School of Law , where he served on the editorial board of the South Carolina Law Review . Later that year , he was admitted to the Richland County Bar Association of the South Carolina Bar . He served in the United States Army Reserves , receiving an honorable discharge in 1975 . Upon graduation from law school , McMaster worked as a legislative assistant to U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond in Washington , D.C . until 1974 , when he joined the firm of Tompkins and McMaster . He was admitted to practice before the federal Court of Claims in 1974 , before the U.S . Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in 1975 , and upon Thurmonds motion , before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1978 . McMaster practiced law for almost 29 years , both as a federal prosecutor and in private practice , representing clients in the state and federal courts , trial and appellate . Early political career . United States Attorney . Upon Thurmonds recommendation , President Ronald Reagan nominated McMaster as United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina in 1981—Reagans first nomination for U.S . Attorney . The Senate confirmed McMaster on May 21 , 1981 . He headed the South Carolina Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee from 1981 to 1985 . During his tenure , McMaster created the federal drug task force Operation Jackpot to investigate South Carolina marijuana smugglers . Operation Jackpot ultimately arrested more than 100 people for crimes related to marijuana and hashish trafficking . McMaster held numerous press conferences during the operation and gained publicity through interviews and comments . His actions were criticized as political , with journalist Lee Bandy writing , no one can recall any other U.S . attorney being so public-relations conscious and noting that McMaster had held more press conferences and news releases than all his predecessors combined . McMaster completed his term as U.S . Attorney on December 31 , 1985 . Election bids and state appointments . In 1986 , after considering races for South Carolina lieutenant governor and attorney general , McMaster won the spirited Republican primary for the United States Senate against Henry Jordan , 27,696 votes ( 53.4% ) to 24,164 ( 46.6% ) . McMaster lost the general election in a landslide to four-term Democratic incumbent Ernest Hollings , 463,354 votes ( 63.1% ) to 261,394 ( 35.6% ) . In 1990 , McMaster ran for lieutenant governor . He defeated Sherry Shealy Martschink in the Republican primary , 49,463 votes ( 51.46% ) to 46,660 ( 48.54% ) , but again lost to the Democratic incumbent . He received 309,038 votes ( 41.19% ) to Nick Theodores 440,844 ( 58.75% ) . In 1991 , Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . appointed McMaster to the states Commission on Higher Education , and the South Carolina Senate confirmed him . He also served on the Board of Directors of the nonprofit South Carolina Policy Council from 1991 to 2003 , serving as board chairman from 1992 to 1993 . South Carolina Republican Party Chair . On May 8 , 1993 , McMaster was elected Chairman of the South Carolina Republican Party . He was reelected by the State Republican Convention in 1996 , 1998 and 2000 . In this capacity , he also served as a member of the Republican National Committee from 1993 to 2002 . Under McMasters chairmanship , the Republican Party captured the governorship , several statewide offices and ( with party switches ) the State House of Representatives in 1994 , and finally captured control of the powerful State Senate in 2000 . Under McMaster , the South Carolina GOP also ran highly contentious and successful presidential primaries in 1996 ( won by Bob Dole ) and 2000 ( won by George W . Bush ) . On March 28 , 2002 , McMaster announced his resignation as party chairman so that he could run for attorney general . Attorney General of South Carolina . McMaster placed first in the Republican primary for attorney general , with 126,164 votes ( 42.41% ) , ahead of State Senator and former judge Larry Richter and attorney Jon E . Ozmint . He defeated Richter in the runoff , 162,014 votes ( 55.8% ) to 128,271 ( 44.2% ) . In the general election , McMaster defeated Democratic attorney and former Director of the South Carolina Department of Probation , Parole and Pardon Services Stephen K . Benjamin , 601,931 votes ( 55.5% ) to 482,560 ( 44.5% ) . He was reelected in 2006 , unopposed in both the Republican primary and the general election . Run for governor ; Ports Authority . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor , but finished third in the Republican primary with 71,187 votes ( 16.94% ) , ahead of Lieutenant Governor André Bauers 52,324 ( 12.45% ) but behind U.S . Representative Gresham Barretts 91,461 ( 21.76% ) and State Representative Nikki Haleys 205,360 ( 48.86% ) . He immediately endorsed Haley , who had been the front-runner throughout the race and defeated Barrett in the runoff by a landslide . In 2011 , Haley appointed McMaster to the South Carolina Ports Authority , succeeding Harry Butler Jr . McMaster left the Ports Authority in 2015 and was replaced by Kurt D . Grindstaff . Campaign finance violation . On January 6 , 2015 , the Ethics Commission of South Carolina accused McMaster of accepting about $70,000 in donations to his 2010 campaign for governor , exceeding South Carolinas limit for donations by $51,850 . The commission released documents stating that McMaster accepted these extra funds to help settle campaign debt . In September 2015 , the commission refused to dismiss the complaint and McMasters attorney indicated McMaster was likely to settle . In March 2016 , the commission ordered McMaster to repay $72,700 in excess campaign contributions from his 2010 run for governor and pay a $5,100 fine . Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina . McMaster filed to run for lieutenant governor of South Carolina on March 27 , 2014 . He received 44% of the vote in a four-way Republican Party primary , forcing a runoff between him and Mike Campbell , son of former Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . McMaster defeated Campbell with 63.6% of the vote and faced Democratic State Representative Bakari Sellers in the general election . Upon his inauguration , he succeeded Democrat Yancey McGill . During the campaign , Sellers challenged McMaster to renounce his 30-year membership in Columbias Forest Lake Country Club , a private country club alleged to exclude black members ; in response , McMasters campaign manager said that the club [ had ] no policies of racial discrimination and that McMaster would not be a member if it did . On November 4 , 2014 , McMaster was elected lieutenant governor with 58.8% of the vote . McMaster was elected on a separate ticket from Governor Haley , the last time a lieutenant governor was elected in this manner ; as of 2018 , candidates for governor and lieutenant governor run on the same ticket . During the 2016 presidential campaign , McMaster was an early and avid supporter of Donald Trump . He claimed to be the first elected politician in the United States to support Trump . After Trump won the Republican nomination , McMaster delivered the nominating speech at the Republican National Convention . Governor of South Carolina . Elections . On November 23 , 2016 , President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Haley as Ambassador to the United Nations . On January 24 , 2017 , the Senate confirmed Haley . Later that day , she resigned as governor and McMaster assumed the governorship . Inaugurated at the age of 69 years and 8 months , McMaster is the oldest person ever to assume the office of governor in South Carolina . McMaster served the remainder of Haleys term , which expired in January 2019 . Per the South Carolina constitution , McMaster is eligible to serve as governor until January 2027 if he is reelected in 2022 . Before ascending to the office of governor , McMaster declared in September 2016 that he would run in the 2018 election . McMaster won the 2018 election to serve his first four-year term . After McMasters first year as governor , The State evaluated his performance . It praised him for adding 17,000 jobs in the state , his accessibility to state legislators , and his handling of Hurricane Irma in 2017 , but criticized his lack of leadership , citing as an example his veto of a gas-tax increase that would have paid for road repairs and replacements for aging school buses , which members of both parties slammed , including McMasters gubernatorial primary rival Catherine Templeton . The State summed up McMasters first year as mixed . 2018 . On June 12 , 2018 , McMaster placed first in the Republican gubernatorial primary , with 155,072 votes . But since that was 42.3% of the vote , less than a majority , he faced John Warren in a runoff . On June 26 , McMaster won the runoff with about 52% of the vote . McMaster chose businesswoman Pamela Evette as his running mate , not incumbent Lieutenant Governor Kevin L . Bryant , who ran against McMaster for the gubernatorial nomination . Trump endorsed McMaster . McMaster defeated Democratic nominee James Smith in the general election with 54% of the vote . 2022 . McMaster has declared his intention to seek reelection in 2022 and is being challenged by former U.S . Representative Joe Cunningham . Tenure . Richard Quinn corruption investigation . In 2017 , McMaster , the University of South Carolina , BlueCross BlueShield , Columbia Mayor Steve Benjamin , and a number of prominent state legislators were connected to Richard Quinn and Associates , a firm he employed for political consulting . Richard Quinn and Associates was named as part of a larger corruption probe Special Prosecutor David Pascoe conducted within the South Carolina General Assembly , which first ensnared then-Speaker Bobby Harrell , who resigned and pleaded guilty to public corruption charges in 2014 . McMaster has not been implicated in Pascoes corruption probe , but four state legislators have been indicted as part of it as of May 2017 . McMasters connections to Richard Quinn and Associates caused him challenges in the South Carolina legislature when replacing two members of the South Carolina Ports Authority ( SCPA ) Board of Directors whose terms had expired . At the time of McMasters replacement nominations , the SCPA paid Quinn a consulting fee of $8,100 per month . State lawmakers delayed the vote on McMasters two nominees for two weeks , citing the ongoing corruption probe that had pulled in three Republican legislators . Both nominees were confirmed after the SCPA voted to cease employing Quinn . McMaster likewise ceased to use Quinn in advance of his 2018 gubernatorial campaign . Nukegate . McMaster was in office when it was announced that SCANA and Santee Cooper were abandoning the expansion of the Virgil C . Summer Nuclear Generating Station in 2017 . The event has been nicknamed the Nukegate scandal . Following the retirement of Santee Coopers chairman , McMaster appointed Charlie Condon as a replacement . McMaster favors the sale of the utility , which he has called a rogue agency due to its independence and financial problems . COVID-19 pandemic . Like most governors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020 , McMaster declared a state of emergency and closed schools and nonessential businesses within the state . He also issued a stay-at-home order . On April 20 , 2020 , McMaster drew criticism for reopening beaches and retail stores five days after South Carolina experienced its highest number of new positive COVID-19 tests , but he did include additional social distancing requirements in his executive order . McMaster said the economy was stalled because of the pandemic and that he anticipated having the economy humming by June 2020 . By early June , McMaster reopened the majority of the state , though schools remained closed and businesses were required to follow social distancing procedures . Many schools and universities across the country canceled graduation ceremonies , but McMaster urged South Carolina schools to hold ceremonies in a manner that abided by social distancing requirements . He delivered the commencement address at West Florence High Schools graduation ceremony and sang Mull of Kintyre while playing his guitar . On June 10 , state epidemiologist Linda Bell said that COVID-19 was worse in June than it was when the state was closed in March and April . On average , the number of cases in early June was five to six times higher than in March and April . McMaster said , it is up to the people to determine what kind of precautions need to be followed , indicating that he would not place any more restrictions on businesses and public facilities . Bell accused McMaster of intentionally misleading the public about her stance on reopening the economy ; she claimed that his staff was somewhat manipulative and made it appear that she and other scientists backed his plan to reopen the economy when she did not . By late June and early July , confirmed cases in South Carolina had risen by as much as 2,000% compared to March and April . Despite pleas from lawmakers and other state officials , McMaster declined to enact a statewide requirement to wear masks , saying that such an order would be unenforceable . Consequently , dozens of municipalities enacted their own mask requirement ordinances , including Columbia , Forest Acres , Greenville , Charleston , Lexington , and most large cities and towns . Bell criticized McMasters decision and said a statewide mask requirement would be more effective . McMaster responded that a statewide requirement would give a “false sense of security to South Carolinians . Attorney General Alan Wilson noted that ordinances and laws requiring masks are not illegal . On July 10 , as the states COVID-19 cases exceeded 50,000 and nearly 900 deaths , McMaster issued an executive order prohibiting businesses from selling alcohol after 11 p.m . in an effort to prevent the spread of the virus among younger people . On July 15 , McMaster said in an address that South Carolina schools should give parents the option to send students to in-person classes in September 2020 . He instructed Superintendent of Education Molly Spearman to reject any schools reopening plan if it did not allow in-person learning . Groups such as the Palmetto State Teachers Association , the S.C . Education Association , and SC for ED criticized McMasters order , saying that it would needlessly jeopardize the health and safety of our state’s 800,000 students and more than 50,000 teachers . Several school districts , including Greenville County School District , the states largest , denounced the order . Spearman , a Republican elected independently of McMaster , also disapproved of his order . On July 29 , McMaster signed an executive order requiring face masks for employees and patrons in all South Carolina restaurants and bars and prohibiting any restaurant from operating at more than 50% capacity , seating tables less than six feet apart , or allowing people to congregate at a bar . By October , McMaster lifted most restrictions and unveiled SC CARES Act grants , a $65 million program aimed at helping small businesses and minority-owned businesses affected by COVID-19 . On December 22 , the governors office announced that McMaster and wife had both tested positive for COVID-19 . 2020 protests and riots . In response to the killing of George Floyd , protests flared across the United States . In South Carolina , protests occurred in Columbia , Greenville , and Charleston . While protests in Greenville were largely peaceful , there were some instances of violence in Columbia and Charleston . In Columbia , police cars were torched , shots were fired at police , and businesses were vandalized . In Charleston , protesters stopped traffic on Interstate-26 and the Arthur Ravenel Jr . Bridge and vandalized and looted businesses . Like President Trump , McMaster said that state and local governments were being too lenient on rioters and looters and was critical of Charlestons initial response . He said to Trump , Weve got to take people out , give them justice , make it more than just the cost of doing business to come into one town , get arrested , pay bond . McMaster mobilized the South Carolina National Guard to be dispatched , if necessary , to halts riots and looting . At Trumps request , he also sent members of the National Guard to Washington , D.C . to aid in larger-scale protests . Adams v . Henry McMaster . McMaster is a longtime advocate of private education . In 2020 , as part of the Governors Emergency Education Relief ( GEER ) and the CARES Act , federal funds were distributed to support education in states amid the COVID-19 pandemic . McMaster announced that he sought to use $32 billion , or two thirds , of South Carolinas $48 billion allotment on private school vouchers , and that 5,000 grants to private schools would be made with the federal relief money . His decision received harsh criticism from educators and politicians around the state . The Palmetto State Teachers Association stated that the money could have been better used for South Carolinas nearly 1,000,000 students in public education instead of 5,000 students in private schools . SC for Ed , a teachers advocacy group , called the decision disappointing . McMasters supporters argued that parents should have a choice about where to send their children . On July 22 , 2020 , McMasters decision was halted by court order after educators sued him for failing to uphold a principle of the South Carolina Constitution : No money shall be paid from public funds nor shall the credit of the State or any of its political subdivisions be used for the direct benefit of any religious or other private educational institution . McMasters attorneys argued that the decision to use emergency funds for private schools should be decided by the voters or the South Carolina General Assembly , not a court order . On October 7 , in the case Adams v . Henry McMaster , the South Carolina Supreme Court unanimously struck down McMasters decision , citing a violation of the state constitution . On October 23 , McMaster filed a petition to the court to review the ruling . Kidnapping plot allegations . On October 8 , 2020 , a federal indictment against six men associated with the Wolverine Watchmen , a Michigan-based militia group , was unsealed . The indictment charges the men with plotting to kidnap Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer and violently overthrow Michigans government . A search warrant unsealed on October 28 revealed that the suspects had also discussed targeting McMaster during the early stages of their planning . One of the suspects was arrested in Columbia at the time the plot was uncovered , but there was no indication that he had plans of going after McMaster . Veto record . McMaster has had many clashes with the South Carolina General Assembly . Since January 2017 , he has vetoed 20 bills , and the legislature has overridden all or part of 19 of his vetoes . As of May 2021 , McMaster has had only one ( 5% ) of his vetoes sustained . Political positions . Abortion . McMaster opposes abortion . On February 18 , 2021 , he signed a bill into law that would ban most abortions . The next day , a federal judge suspended the law . Fiscal policies . On February 6 , 2017 , McMasters first major action as governor was to request $5.18 billion from President Trump for South Carolinas infrastructure . Trump made no public statement about McMasters request . Later in February , McMaster announced , [ the ] state government is going to have to go on a diet as far as spending . On May 9 , 2017 , McMaster vetoed a bill that would have raised the states gas tax by 12 cents—the largest tax increase in state history—but the South Carolina General Assembly overrode his veto the following day . McMaster said the state had plenty of money in the system to do all the work on the roads if we would just apply it to the roads that need the work...Its not necessary to put yet another tax on the people of South Carolina . Guns . McMaster has said he would sign legislation , if passed by the General Assembly , that would allow anyone who is legally allowed to buy a gun to do so without a state permit and carry it openly or concealed . When students did a walkout to protest gun violence and call for stricter gun control a month after the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting , McMaster called the walkout shameful and said it was a tricky move orchestrated by left-wing groups that were using the students as tools to further their agenda . Student activist David Hogg , who survived the Parkland shooting , criticized McMaster , saying in a tweet that future voters will not reelect you and outlive you too . Immigration . In 2018 , McMaster offered to send troops from the South Carolina National Guard to assist Texas in combating illegal immigration and drug trafficking . This came after Trump called for the deployment of thousands of soldiers along the Mexico–United States border , in which border states such as Arizona and New Mexico also participated . Personal life . Family . McMaster has been married to Peggy McMaster ( née Anderson ) since 1978 . They have two adult children and reside in Columbia , South Carolina . He owns an English Bulldog named Mac . McMaster and his family attend First Presbyterian Church in Columbia . Properties . McMaster and his wife own several houses and rental apartments in the Columbia area . One home they own is the McCord House , which was constructed in 1849 and used as a Union headquarters during the Civil War . In 2016 , McMasters tax return indicated that he received $7.7 million in rent on such houses and apartments between 2006 and 2015 ; he paid a little over $500,000 for upkeep , maintenance , and cleaning . McMaster has also reportedly paid over $16,000 in fines for ordinance violations . Electoral history . McMaster ran unsuccessfully for the U.S . Senate in 1986 , for lieutenant governor in 1990 , and for governor in 2010 . He was elected attorney general in 2002 and 2006 , lieutenant governor in 2014 , and governor in 2018 . External links . - Governor of South Carolina - Henry McMaster for Governo
|
[
"governor of South Carolina"
] |
[
{
"text": " Henry Dargan McMaster ( born May 27 , 1947 ) is an American politician , attorney , and member of the Republican Party who has been the 117th governor of South Carolina since January 24 , 2017 .",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "McMaster worked for U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond , in private practice , and as a federal prosecutor . Appointed United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina by President Ronald Reagan in 1981 , he gained attention for investigating South Carolina marijuana smugglers in Operation Jackpot . McMaster was the Republican nominee for U.S . Senate in South Carolina in 1986 , losing to incumbent Democrat Fritz Hollings . He was then defeated for lieutenant governor of South Carolina by Democrat Nick Theodore in 1990 .",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "McMaster chaired the South Carolina Republican Party from 1993 to 2002 . He was elected attorney general of South Carolina in 2002 and reelected in 2006 . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor but lost to Nikki Haley in the Republican primary . In 2011 , Haley appointed him to the South Carolina Ports Authority , a position from which he resigned after being elected lieutenant governor of South Carolina in 2014 . McMaster succeeded to the office of governor when Haley resigned to become the United States Ambassador to the United Nations . He won a full four-year term",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "in the 2018 gubernatorial election after winning a runoff for the Republican nomination and defeating Democratic nominee James E . Smith Jr . in the general election .",
"title": "Henry McMaster"
},
{
"text": "McMaster was born on May 27 , 1947 , in Columbia , South Carolina . He is the eldest son of John Gregg and Ida Dargan ( Pet ) McMaster . He received a bachelors degree in history from the University of South Carolina in 1969 . In 1973 , he graduated from the University of South Carolina School of Law , where he served on the editorial board of the South Carolina Law Review . Later that year , he was admitted to the Richland County Bar Association of the South Carolina Bar . He served in the United",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "States Army Reserves , receiving an honorable discharge in 1975 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Upon graduation from law school , McMaster worked as a legislative assistant to U.S . Senator Strom Thurmond in Washington , D.C . until 1974 , when he joined the firm of Tompkins and McMaster . He was admitted to practice before the federal Court of Claims in 1974 , before the U.S . Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in 1975 , and upon Thurmonds motion , before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1978 . McMaster practiced law for almost 29 years , both as a federal prosecutor and in private practice , representing clients",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "in the state and federal courts , trial and appellate .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Upon Thurmonds recommendation , President Ronald Reagan nominated McMaster as United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina in 1981—Reagans first nomination for U.S . Attorney . The Senate confirmed McMaster on May 21 , 1981 . He headed the South Carolina Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee from 1981 to 1985 .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "During his tenure , McMaster created the federal drug task force Operation Jackpot to investigate South Carolina marijuana smugglers . Operation Jackpot ultimately arrested more than 100 people for crimes related to marijuana and hashish trafficking . McMaster held numerous press conferences during the operation and gained publicity through interviews and comments . His actions were criticized as political , with journalist Lee Bandy writing , no one can recall any other U.S . attorney being so public-relations conscious and noting that McMaster had held more press conferences and news releases than all his predecessors combined . McMaster completed his",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "term as U.S . Attorney on December 31 , 1985 .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": " Election bids and state appointments . In 1986 , after considering races for South Carolina lieutenant governor and attorney general , McMaster won the spirited Republican primary for the United States Senate against Henry Jordan , 27,696 votes ( 53.4% ) to 24,164 ( 46.6% ) . McMaster lost the general election in a landslide to four-term Democratic incumbent Ernest Hollings , 463,354 votes ( 63.1% ) to 261,394 ( 35.6% ) .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "In 1990 , McMaster ran for lieutenant governor . He defeated Sherry Shealy Martschink in the Republican primary , 49,463 votes ( 51.46% ) to 46,660 ( 48.54% ) , but again lost to the Democratic incumbent . He received 309,038 votes ( 41.19% ) to Nick Theodores 440,844 ( 58.75% ) .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": " In 1991 , Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . appointed McMaster to the states Commission on Higher Education , and the South Carolina Senate confirmed him . He also served on the Board of Directors of the nonprofit South Carolina Policy Council from 1991 to 2003 , serving as board chairman from 1992 to 1993 . South Carolina Republican Party Chair .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "On May 8 , 1993 , McMaster was elected Chairman of the South Carolina Republican Party . He was reelected by the State Republican Convention in 1996 , 1998 and 2000 . In this capacity , he also served as a member of the Republican National Committee from 1993 to 2002 . Under McMasters chairmanship , the Republican Party captured the governorship , several statewide offices and ( with party switches ) the State House of Representatives in 1994 , and finally captured control of the powerful State Senate in 2000 . Under McMaster , the South Carolina GOP also",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "ran highly contentious and successful presidential primaries in 1996 ( won by Bob Dole ) and 2000 ( won by George W . Bush ) . On March 28 , 2002 , McMaster announced his resignation as party chairman so that he could run for attorney general .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "McMaster placed first in the Republican primary for attorney general , with 126,164 votes ( 42.41% ) , ahead of State Senator and former judge Larry Richter and attorney Jon E . Ozmint . He defeated Richter in the runoff , 162,014 votes ( 55.8% ) to 128,271 ( 44.2% ) . In the general election , McMaster defeated Democratic attorney and former Director of the South Carolina Department of Probation , Parole and Pardon Services Stephen K . Benjamin , 601,931 votes ( 55.5% ) to 482,560 ( 44.5% ) . He was reelected in 2006 , unopposed in",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "both the Republican primary and the general election .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": " Run for governor ; Ports Authority . In 2010 McMaster ran for governor , but finished third in the Republican primary with 71,187 votes ( 16.94% ) , ahead of Lieutenant Governor André Bauers 52,324 ( 12.45% ) but behind U.S . Representative Gresham Barretts 91,461 ( 21.76% ) and State Representative Nikki Haleys 205,360 ( 48.86% ) . He immediately endorsed Haley , who had been the front-runner throughout the race and defeated Barrett in the runoff by a landslide .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "In 2011 , Haley appointed McMaster to the South Carolina Ports Authority , succeeding Harry Butler Jr . McMaster left the Ports Authority in 2015 and was replaced by Kurt D . Grindstaff .",
"title": "United States Attorney"
},
{
"text": "On January 6 , 2015 , the Ethics Commission of South Carolina accused McMaster of accepting about $70,000 in donations to his 2010 campaign for governor , exceeding South Carolinas limit for donations by $51,850 . The commission released documents stating that McMaster accepted these extra funds to help settle campaign debt . In September 2015 , the commission refused to dismiss the complaint and McMasters attorney indicated McMaster was likely to settle . In March 2016 , the commission ordered McMaster to repay $72,700 in excess campaign contributions from his 2010 run for governor and pay a $5,100 fine",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": "McMaster filed to run for lieutenant governor of South Carolina on March 27 , 2014 . He received 44% of the vote in a four-way Republican Party primary , forcing a runoff between him and Mike Campbell , son of former Governor Carroll A . Campbell Jr . McMaster defeated Campbell with 63.6% of the vote and faced Democratic State Representative Bakari Sellers in the general election . Upon his inauguration , he succeeded Democrat Yancey McGill . During the campaign , Sellers challenged McMaster to renounce his 30-year membership in Columbias Forest Lake Country Club , a private country",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": "club alleged to exclude black members ; in response , McMasters campaign manager said that the club [ had ] no policies of racial discrimination and that McMaster would not be a member if it did . On November 4 , 2014 , McMaster was elected lieutenant governor with 58.8% of the vote .",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": " McMaster was elected on a separate ticket from Governor Haley , the last time a lieutenant governor was elected in this manner ; as of 2018 , candidates for governor and lieutenant governor run on the same ticket . During the 2016 presidential campaign , McMaster was an early and avid supporter of Donald Trump . He claimed to be the first elected politician in the United States to support Trump . After Trump won the Republican nomination , McMaster delivered the nominating speech at the Republican National Convention . Governor of South Carolina .",
"title": "Campaign finance violation"
},
{
"text": "On November 23 , 2016 , President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Haley as Ambassador to the United Nations . On January 24 , 2017 , the Senate confirmed Haley . Later that day , she resigned as governor and McMaster assumed the governorship . Inaugurated at the age of 69 years and 8 months , McMaster is the oldest person ever to assume the office of governor in South Carolina . McMaster served the remainder of Haleys term , which expired in January 2019 . Per the South Carolina constitution , McMaster is eligible to serve as",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "governor until January 2027 if he is reelected in 2022 . Before ascending to the office of governor , McMaster declared in September 2016 that he would run in the 2018 election . McMaster won the 2018 election to serve his first four-year term .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " After McMasters first year as governor , The State evaluated his performance . It praised him for adding 17,000 jobs in the state , his accessibility to state legislators , and his handling of Hurricane Irma in 2017 , but criticized his lack of leadership , citing as an example his veto of a gas-tax increase that would have paid for road repairs and replacements for aging school buses , which members of both parties slammed , including McMasters gubernatorial primary rival Catherine Templeton . The State summed up McMasters first year as mixed . 2018 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "On June 12 , 2018 , McMaster placed first in the Republican gubernatorial primary , with 155,072 votes . But since that was 42.3% of the vote , less than a majority , he faced John Warren in a runoff . On June 26 , McMaster won the runoff with about 52% of the vote . McMaster chose businesswoman Pamela Evette as his running mate , not incumbent Lieutenant Governor Kevin L . Bryant , who ran against McMaster for the gubernatorial nomination . Trump endorsed McMaster . McMaster defeated Democratic nominee James Smith in the general election with 54%",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "of the vote .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2022 . McMaster has declared his intention to seek reelection in 2022 and is being challenged by former U.S . Representative Joe Cunningham .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , McMaster , the University of South Carolina , BlueCross BlueShield , Columbia Mayor Steve Benjamin , and a number of prominent state legislators were connected to Richard Quinn and Associates , a firm he employed for political consulting . Richard Quinn and Associates was named as part of a larger corruption probe Special Prosecutor David Pascoe conducted within the South Carolina General Assembly , which first ensnared then-Speaker Bobby Harrell , who resigned and pleaded guilty to public corruption charges in 2014 . McMaster has not been implicated in Pascoes corruption probe , but four state legislators",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "have been indicted as part of it as of May 2017 .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "McMasters connections to Richard Quinn and Associates caused him challenges in the South Carolina legislature when replacing two members of the South Carolina Ports Authority ( SCPA ) Board of Directors whose terms had expired . At the time of McMasters replacement nominations , the SCPA paid Quinn a consulting fee of $8,100 per month . State lawmakers delayed the vote on McMasters two nominees for two weeks , citing the ongoing corruption probe that had pulled in three Republican legislators . Both nominees were confirmed after the SCPA voted to cease employing Quinn . McMaster likewise ceased to use",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "Quinn in advance of his 2018 gubernatorial campaign .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " McMaster was in office when it was announced that SCANA and Santee Cooper were abandoning the expansion of the Virgil C . Summer Nuclear Generating Station in 2017 . The event has been nicknamed the Nukegate scandal . Following the retirement of Santee Coopers chairman , McMaster appointed Charlie Condon as a replacement . McMaster favors the sale of the utility , which he has called a rogue agency due to its independence and financial problems .",
"title": "Nukegate"
},
{
"text": "Like most governors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020 , McMaster declared a state of emergency and closed schools and nonessential businesses within the state . He also issued a stay-at-home order . On April 20 , 2020 , McMaster drew criticism for reopening beaches and retail stores five days after South Carolina experienced its highest number of new positive COVID-19 tests , but he did include additional social distancing requirements in his executive order . McMaster said the economy was stalled because of the pandemic and that he anticipated having the economy humming by June",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "2020 . By early June , McMaster reopened the majority of the state , though schools remained closed and businesses were required to follow social distancing procedures . Many schools and universities across the country canceled graduation ceremonies , but McMaster urged South Carolina schools to hold ceremonies in a manner that abided by social distancing requirements . He delivered the commencement address at West Florence High Schools graduation ceremony and sang Mull of Kintyre while playing his guitar .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "On June 10 , state epidemiologist Linda Bell said that COVID-19 was worse in June than it was when the state was closed in March and April . On average , the number of cases in early June was five to six times higher than in March and April . McMaster said , it is up to the people to determine what kind of precautions need to be followed , indicating that he would not place any more restrictions on businesses and public facilities . Bell accused McMaster of intentionally misleading the public about her stance on reopening the economy",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "; she claimed that his staff was somewhat manipulative and made it appear that she and other scientists backed his plan to reopen the economy when she did not .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "By late June and early July , confirmed cases in South Carolina had risen by as much as 2,000% compared to March and April . Despite pleas from lawmakers and other state officials , McMaster declined to enact a statewide requirement to wear masks , saying that such an order would be unenforceable . Consequently , dozens of municipalities enacted their own mask requirement ordinances , including Columbia , Forest Acres , Greenville , Charleston , Lexington , and most large cities and towns . Bell criticized McMasters decision and said a statewide mask requirement would be more effective .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "McMaster responded that a statewide requirement would give a “false sense of security to South Carolinians . Attorney General Alan Wilson noted that ordinances and laws requiring masks are not illegal . On July 10 , as the states COVID-19 cases exceeded 50,000 and nearly 900 deaths , McMaster issued an executive order prohibiting businesses from selling alcohol after 11 p.m . in an effort to prevent the spread of the virus among younger people .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "On July 15 , McMaster said in an address that South Carolina schools should give parents the option to send students to in-person classes in September 2020 . He instructed Superintendent of Education Molly Spearman to reject any schools reopening plan if it did not allow in-person learning . Groups such as the Palmetto State Teachers Association , the S.C . Education Association , and SC for ED criticized McMasters order , saying that it would needlessly jeopardize the health and safety of our state’s 800,000 students and more than 50,000 teachers . Several school districts , including Greenville County",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "School District , the states largest , denounced the order . Spearman , a Republican elected independently of McMaster , also disapproved of his order .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": " On July 29 , McMaster signed an executive order requiring face masks for employees and patrons in all South Carolina restaurants and bars and prohibiting any restaurant from operating at more than 50% capacity , seating tables less than six feet apart , or allowing people to congregate at a bar . By October , McMaster lifted most restrictions and unveiled SC CARES Act grants , a $65 million program aimed at helping small businesses and minority-owned businesses affected by COVID-19 .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "On December 22 , the governors office announced that McMaster and wife had both tested positive for COVID-19 .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "In response to the killing of George Floyd , protests flared across the United States . In South Carolina , protests occurred in Columbia , Greenville , and Charleston . While protests in Greenville were largely peaceful , there were some instances of violence in Columbia and Charleston . In Columbia , police cars were torched , shots were fired at police , and businesses were vandalized . In Charleston , protesters stopped traffic on Interstate-26 and the Arthur Ravenel Jr . Bridge and vandalized and looted businesses . Like President Trump , McMaster said that state and local governments",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "were being too lenient on rioters and looters and was critical of Charlestons initial response . He said to Trump , Weve got to take people out , give them justice , make it more than just the cost of doing business to come into one town , get arrested , pay bond . McMaster mobilized the South Carolina National Guard to be dispatched , if necessary , to halts riots and looting . At Trumps request , he also sent members of the National Guard to Washington , D.C . to aid in larger-scale protests .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "McMaster is a longtime advocate of private education . In 2020 , as part of the Governors Emergency Education Relief ( GEER ) and the CARES Act , federal funds were distributed to support education in states amid the COVID-19 pandemic . McMaster announced that he sought to use $32 billion , or two thirds , of South Carolinas $48 billion allotment on private school vouchers , and that 5,000 grants to private schools would be made with the federal relief money . His decision received harsh criticism from educators and politicians around the state . The Palmetto State Teachers",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "Association stated that the money could have been better used for South Carolinas nearly 1,000,000 students in public education instead of 5,000 students in private schools . SC for Ed , a teachers advocacy group , called the decision disappointing .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "McMasters supporters argued that parents should have a choice about where to send their children . On July 22 , 2020 , McMasters decision was halted by court order after educators sued him for failing to uphold a principle of the South Carolina Constitution : No money shall be paid from public funds nor shall the credit of the State or any of its political subdivisions be used for the direct benefit of any religious or other private educational institution . McMasters attorneys argued that the decision to use emergency funds for private schools should be decided by the voters",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": "or the South Carolina General Assembly , not a court order . On October 7 , in the case Adams v . Henry McMaster , the South Carolina Supreme Court unanimously struck down McMasters decision , citing a violation of the state constitution . On October 23 , McMaster filed a petition to the court to review the ruling .",
"title": "COVID-19 pandemic"
},
{
"text": " On October 8 , 2020 , a federal indictment against six men associated with the Wolverine Watchmen , a Michigan-based militia group , was unsealed . The indictment charges the men with plotting to kidnap Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer and violently overthrow Michigans government . A search warrant unsealed on October 28 revealed that the suspects had also discussed targeting McMaster during the early stages of their planning . One of the suspects was arrested in Columbia at the time the plot was uncovered , but there was no indication that he had plans of going after McMaster .",
"title": "Kidnapping plot allegations"
},
{
"text": " McMaster has had many clashes with the South Carolina General Assembly . Since January 2017 , he has vetoed 20 bills , and the legislature has overridden all or part of 19 of his vetoes . As of May 2021 , McMaster has had only one ( 5% ) of his vetoes sustained .",
"title": "Veto record"
},
{
"text": " McMaster opposes abortion . On February 18 , 2021 , he signed a bill into law that would ban most abortions . The next day , a federal judge suspended the law .",
"title": "Abortion"
},
{
"text": "On February 6 , 2017 , McMasters first major action as governor was to request $5.18 billion from President Trump for South Carolinas infrastructure . Trump made no public statement about McMasters request . Later in February , McMaster announced , [ the ] state government is going to have to go on a diet as far as spending . On May 9 , 2017 , McMaster vetoed a bill that would have raised the states gas tax by 12 cents—the largest tax increase in state history—but the South Carolina General Assembly overrode his veto the following day . McMaster",
"title": "Fiscal policies"
},
{
"text": "said the state had plenty of money in the system to do all the work on the roads if we would just apply it to the roads that need the work...Its not necessary to put yet another tax on the people of South Carolina .",
"title": "Fiscal policies"
},
{
"text": "McMaster has said he would sign legislation , if passed by the General Assembly , that would allow anyone who is legally allowed to buy a gun to do so without a state permit and carry it openly or concealed . When students did a walkout to protest gun violence and call for stricter gun control a month after the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting , McMaster called the walkout shameful and said it was a tricky move orchestrated by left-wing groups that were using the students as tools to further their agenda . Student activist David Hogg , who",
"title": "Guns"
},
{
"text": "survived the Parkland shooting , criticized McMaster , saying in a tweet that future voters will not reelect you and outlive you too .",
"title": "Guns"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , McMaster offered to send troops from the South Carolina National Guard to assist Texas in combating illegal immigration and drug trafficking . This came after Trump called for the deployment of thousands of soldiers along the Mexico–United States border , in which border states such as Arizona and New Mexico also participated .",
"title": "Immigration"
},
{
"text": " McMaster has been married to Peggy McMaster ( née Anderson ) since 1978 . They have two adult children and reside in Columbia , South Carolina . He owns an English Bulldog named Mac . McMaster and his family attend First Presbyterian Church in Columbia .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": " McMaster and his wife own several houses and rental apartments in the Columbia area . One home they own is the McCord House , which was constructed in 1849 and used as a Union headquarters during the Civil War . In 2016 , McMasters tax return indicated that he received $7.7 million in rent on such houses and apartments between 2006 and 2015 ; he paid a little over $500,000 for upkeep , maintenance , and cleaning . McMaster has also reportedly paid over $16,000 in fines for ordinance violations .",
"title": "Properties"
},
{
"text": " McMaster ran unsuccessfully for the U.S . Senate in 1986 , for lieutenant governor in 1990 , and for governor in 2010 . He was elected attorney general in 2002 and 2006 , lieutenant governor in 2014 , and governor in 2018 .",
"title": "Electoral history"
},
{
"text": " - Governor of South Carolina - Henry McMaster for Governo",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Alba_D'Urbano#P937#0
|
Where did Alba D'Urbano work in late 1980s?
|
Alba DUrbano Alba DUrbano ( born April 13 , 1955 ) is a textile and video artist . DUrbanos most notable work was 1995s hautnah ( close to the skin ) ; a series of garments imprinted with life-size digital photographs of her own skin . After an exhibition in 1999 , critics stated she depicted nudity as fashionable , provoked voyeurism , and made skin ( the external body ) just another interface in a world . In addition to her own work , DUrbano has been a critic and an art philosopher . Since 1995 , DUrbano has been a professor at Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst , in Leipzig , Germany . Early life . DUrbano was born in Tivoli and studied philosophy at the Sapienza University of Rome from 1974 to 1978 . Her work as an artist was influenced by her affiliation with the Distracted Avantgarde ( Klemens Gruber ) , which sought to bring about a paradigm shift in the relationship between art , politics and mass communication . It was against this backdrop that Alba DUrbano produced experimental radio programmes for the alternative broadcasting station Radio Gulliver in Tivoli ( modelled on stations such as Radio Alice in Bologna and Radio Città Futura in Rome ) and founded a feminist group . In 1979 , she enrolled in a course of visual arts studies at the under , graduating in 1983 . Experimental works in collaboration with other artists date from that period . One such fellow artist was composer Alessandro Cipriani with whom she created performances , Super-8 films , and artistic events in public spaces . Alba DUrbano moved to ( West ) Berlin in 1984 and began her studies in visual communication at the Berlin University of the Arts in 1985 . In 1989 , she graduated as a master student ( Meisterschüler-Degree ) in experimental film design under . In 1990 she held a scholarship at the in Frankfurt am Main , headed by Peter Weibel . It was during that time that she met her future husband , Nicolas Reichelt . After a lectureship at the , she was appointed to teach at the Academy of Visual Arts Leipzig in 1995 , where she has since held a professorship in computer graphics , and has taught the class for intermedia since 1998 . In 2003–2004 , she taught at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano for one academic year . Since 2000 , she has curated numerous exhibitions at the national and international level as part of her university duties , addressing political and social issues and incorporating both process-orientated and media-reflective methods . Artistry . In the 1980s , Alba DUrbanos artistic interest focused on the drastic changes in the perception of reality brought about by the increasingly influential glut of virtual images , which are generated by the mass media and susceptible to manipulation . At the core of her artistic exploration was the relationship between the written word and the new media . Berlins urban space with its partly truncated communication paths and its insular status provided the setting for her first video works from the series Nur die Augen können ( filmed at Checkpoint Charlie , 1985 ) and Kreis , der ( filmed on , 1987 ) . For the video installations for the series Berlin Kulturstadt Europas , she focused on local communication media ; in the series of paintings entitled Prometheus she addressed the impoverished human communications and the loss of writing . In the 1990s , Alba DUrbano turned to interactive video and computer installations , to which her creative , complex , experimentally enhancing and problem-conscious approach gave significant impetus as a means of artistic impression . In her projects , some of which featured a multiplicity of media ( e.g . Lesposizione impraticabile , 1992 , 96 ; Rosa Binaria , 1993–96 ; Hautnah and Il sarto immortale , 1995–98 ) she raised the viewers awareness of mass media and their problematic nature without polemic and without affecting the aesthetic evocative force of various media [ Fußnote 2 , Künstlerlexikon ] . In a bid to counter an overwhelming array of media images , she began to toy with the viewers expectations . She substituted images with illegible strings of characters and drew the viewers attention towards the way in which media images are created and the processes they involve . She gained international renown through her multi-part projects Hautnah and Il Sarto Immortale , in which she digitally processed images of her own body and then had them printed onto fabric and transformed into items of clothing to be showcased by models on catwalks . In the interplay between clothing and nakedness , she literally exposed the commercial exploitation of womens bodies in the mass media and the fashion industry . The works she developed jointly with Tina Bara are inspired by feminist standpoints : there , the body is portrayed as a matrix inscribed into which are identities as a cultural and social construct . For the two women artists , it is always about the process of allocating normative attitudes and behaviour patterns . In a series of intermedia projects such as Portrait Alba / Tina Ritratto and Bellissima the artists also referenced biographical material . A new added element incorporated by Tina Bara is the subject of the German Democratic Republics past . The series of portraits entitled Siegerehrungen ( 2003 ) for instance features former elite GDR athletes . The project Covergirl : Wespen-Akte ( 2007-2009 ) looks at the opposition group Frauen für den Frieden , of which Tina Bara is also a member . Works in public collections ( selected ) . - Gutenberg-Museum , Mainz - Collection of the City of Frankfurt am Main - Collection of the Town of Fellbach - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Wertpapiere ( DWS ) , Frankfurt am Main - Dresdner Bank , Munich - Collection of the Contemporary Art Gallery in Termoli , Italy ( Galleria Civica dArte Contemporanea ) - Deutsche Bank , Darmstadt - ZKM | Medienmuseum , Karlsruhe - Medienhaus , Frankfurt am Main - Deutsche Guggenheim , Berlin - Art Fund of the Free State of Saxony , Dresden - Kunsthalle Dominikanerkirche , Osnabrück - Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg - Museum Bellerive , Zurich Prizes and scholarships / Awards . - 1987 Grant from the editors of Das kleine Fernsehspiel ( ZDF ) for the realization of the video Kreis , der - NaFög-grant of the Universität der Künste , Berlin - Project grant of the Röhm GmbH , Darmstadt - 1990 Grant Pépinières of Eurocréation , Paris - 2006 Project grant of the Kulturstiftung des Bundes for Eine Frage ( nach ) der Geste - 2009 Project grant of the Stiftung Kunstfonds for Covergirl : Wespen-Akte Publications . - D’Urbano , Alba : La Porta . In : Il recinto e il luogo sacro ( exhibition catalogue ) , Sora 1990 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Al Caro Scomparso . In : Videoinstallationen ( exhibition catalogue ) , Berlin 1991 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Rosa Binaria . In : Gerbel , Karl ; Weibel , Peter ( ed. ) : Ars Electronica 1993 , Vienna 1993 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Der negierte Raum . In : Gerbel , Karl ; Weibel , Peter ( ed. ) : Ars Electronica 1994 , Linz 1994 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Hautnah . In : Kunstforum International , Kunstforumverlag Ruppichteroth 1995 ; also in Fotografie nach der Fotografie , Verlag der Kunst , Munich 1995 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Stoffwechsel . In : Reindl ; Dietzler ; Ummels ; Broch ( Hg. ) : Art Hansa Spezial , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Salon Verlag , Cologne 1997 . - Dieter Daniels , Alba D’Urbano : Utopie : Ursprung aller Medien . In : Andreas Broekman , *Rudolf Frieling ( ed. ) : Bandbreite-Medien zwischen Kunst und Politik , Kulturverlag Kadmos Berlin 2004 . - Alba D’Urbano/Tina Bara/Susanne Holschbach ( ed. ) : Bellissima , exhibition catalogue , Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst , Leipzig , 2006 . - Alba D’Urbano/Tina Bara ( ed. ) : Eine Frage ( nach ) der Geste , exhibition catalogue Fotohof Salzburg Edition , Salzburg , 2008 . - Alba D’Urbano : Private Property : all you need.. . In : LIVRAISON T.11 Multiples et autres/and other Multiples ( S . 16-25 ) , Rhinoceros , Strasbourg , 2008/2009 . - Alba D’Urbano : Erschreckend Schön : Körperpoetik und Körperkonstruktion . In KUNSTmagazin 1005 ( p . 8-13 ) , KUNSTverlag , Berlin 2011 . Further reading . - Wolff , Thomas : Neues aus der Raumforschung . In : Steiger , Charly ( ed. ) : Sequenz , Frankfurt am Main 1995 . - Schwarz , Hans-Peter : Touch me . In : Medien-Kunst-Geschichte , Prestel Verlag , Munich 1997 . - Ingrid Mössinger : Alba D‘Urbano . In : Barbara Wally ( Hg. ) , Skulptur , Figur , Weiblich , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Bibliothek der Provinz , Linz 1998 . - Wendt , Karin : Experimentum Loci : Virtuelle Räume . In : Hermann , Mertin , Valting ( ed. ) : Die Gegenwart der Kunst , Wilhelm Fink Verlag , Munich 1998 . - Alexandra Kolossa : Il Sarto Immortale . In : Heike Strelow ( ed. ) : Natural Reality , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Dako Verlag , Stuttgart 1999 . - Gebhard Streicher : Il Sarto Immortale : Display . In : Its now or never , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Transit I – IV , DG eV , Munich 1999 . - Benthien , Claudia : Haut . Literaturgeschichte – Körperbilder – Grenzdiskurse , Rowohlt Verlag , Reinbek 1999 . - Gertje Maaß : Alba D’Urbano . In : Barbara Hoffer , Valeria Schulte-Fischedick ( ed. ) : Crossfemale , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Berlin 2000 . - Elisabeth Hartung : Die Zweite Haut – Kunst und Kleidung , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Merano 2001 . - Michaela Völkel : Inszenierung . In : Wilhelm Hornbostel , Nils Jockel ( ed. ) : Nackt . Die Ästhetik der Blöße , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Prestel Verlag , Munich 2002 . - Günter Meißner : Alba DUrbano . In Günter Meißner ( ed. ) , Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon , Vol . 31 , p . 181ff. , Saur Verlag , Munich 2002 . - Mark Hansen : Affect as medium , or the ‘digital-facial-image’ . In : Journal of Visual Culture , Vol . 2 ( 2 ) : 205-228 , SAGE Publications , London 2003 . - Petra Leutner : Oberflächen mit Körper . In : Christian Janecke ( ed. ) : Haare Tragen , Böhlau Verlag , Cologne , 2004 . - Lorella Scacco : Alba D’Urbano . In : Estetica Mediale , Guerini Verlag , Milan , 2004 . - Alexandra Kolossa : Die Anwesenheit der Abwesenden Alba D’Urbano – Eine Annäherung . In : Alba D’Urbano : Whoami : In ordine Sparso , Verlag für Moderne Kunst , Nuremberg , 2006 . - Hubertus von Amelunxen : Einmal hören . Für Alba . In : Alba DUrbano : Whoami : In ordine Sparso , Verlag für Moderne Kunst , Nuremberg , 2006 . - Cora von Pape : Kunstkleider . Die Präsenz des Körpers in textilen Kunst-Objekten des 20 . Jahrhunderts , Transcript-Verlag , Bielefeld , 2008 . - Ingrid Loschek : Wann ist Mode ? Strukturen , Strategien und Innovationen , Dietrich Reimer Verlag , Berlin , 2007 . - Ingrid Loschek : When Clothes become Fashion . Design & Innovation Systems , Berg Publisher , Oxford , 2008 . - Jorge Lozano : La Moda : sublime menor . In : Manuel Lucena Giraldo , Ignacio Gonzales Casasnovas ( ed. ) : Amazonas y modelos : Universo femenino y cultura en el siglo XX , Instituto de Cultura , Fundacìon Mafre , Madrid , 2008 . - Reuter , Jule : Tina Bara/Alba D’Urbano , Covergirl . In : Ralf Eppenede ( ed. ) : Bewegte Welt – Erzählte Zeit 1989-2009 , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Goethe-Institute , Saint Petersburg , 2009 . - Eran Fisher : Media and New Capitalism in the Digital Age : The Spirit of Networks , Palgrave Macmillan , New York , 2010 . - Océane Delleaux : Le Multiple et les «autres» multiples . Histoire dune mutation artistique , Europe et Amérique du Nord ( 1984-2006 ) , L’Harmattan , Paris , 2010 . - Constanze Küsel : Die Made in der Schokolade ; Frankfurt University Press , Frankfurt am Main , 2010 . - Paolo Bianchi : Alba D’Urbano & Dagmar Varady »wissen – ein Werkkatalog« , in : Kunstforum 225 , March–April 2014 , p . 320-323 External links . - Website von Alba DUrbano - Alba DUrbano at the HGB Leipzig - Intermedia class at the HGB Leipzig - Intermedia class - About Alba DUrbano at the ZKM - About Alba DUrbano at the - Website of the artist duo Tina Bara and Alba DUrbano - Couture – The Collection
|
[
"Berlin"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alba DUrbano ( born April 13 , 1955 ) is a textile and video artist .",
"title": "Alba DUrbano"
},
{
"text": "DUrbanos most notable work was 1995s hautnah ( close to the skin ) ; a series of garments imprinted with life-size digital photographs of her own skin . After an exhibition in 1999 , critics stated she depicted nudity as fashionable , provoked voyeurism , and made skin ( the external body ) just another interface in a world . In addition to her own work , DUrbano has been a critic and an art philosopher . Since 1995 , DUrbano has been a professor at Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst , in Leipzig , Germany .",
"title": "Alba DUrbano"
},
{
"text": "DUrbano was born in Tivoli and studied philosophy at the Sapienza University of Rome from 1974 to 1978 . Her work as an artist was influenced by her affiliation with the Distracted Avantgarde ( Klemens Gruber ) , which sought to bring about a paradigm shift in the relationship between art , politics and mass communication . It was against this backdrop that Alba DUrbano produced experimental radio programmes for the alternative broadcasting station Radio Gulliver in Tivoli ( modelled on stations such as Radio Alice in Bologna and Radio Città Futura in Rome ) and founded a feminist group",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1979 , she enrolled in a course of visual arts studies at the under , graduating in 1983 . Experimental works in collaboration with other artists date from that period . One such fellow artist was composer Alessandro Cipriani with whom she created performances , Super-8 films , and artistic events in public spaces .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Alba DUrbano moved to ( West ) Berlin in 1984 and began her studies in visual communication at the Berlin University of the Arts in 1985 . In 1989 , she graduated as a master student ( Meisterschüler-Degree ) in experimental film design under . In 1990 she held a scholarship at the in Frankfurt am Main , headed by Peter Weibel . It was during that time that she met her future husband , Nicolas Reichelt .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After a lectureship at the , she was appointed to teach at the Academy of Visual Arts Leipzig in 1995 , where she has since held a professorship in computer graphics , and has taught the class for intermedia since 1998 . In 2003–2004 , she taught at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano for one academic year . Since 2000 , she has curated numerous exhibitions at the national and international level as part of her university duties , addressing political and social issues and incorporating both process-orientated and media-reflective methods .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In the 1980s , Alba DUrbanos artistic interest focused on the drastic changes in the perception of reality brought about by the increasingly influential glut of virtual images , which are generated by the mass media and susceptible to manipulation . At the core of her artistic exploration was the relationship between the written word and the new media . Berlins urban space with its partly truncated communication paths and its insular status provided the setting for her first video works from the series Nur die Augen können ( filmed at Checkpoint Charlie , 1985 ) and Kreis , der",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "( filmed on , 1987 ) . For the video installations for the series Berlin Kulturstadt Europas , she focused on local communication media ; in the series of paintings entitled Prometheus she addressed the impoverished human communications and the loss of writing .",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "In the 1990s , Alba DUrbano turned to interactive video and computer installations , to which her creative , complex , experimentally enhancing and problem-conscious approach gave significant impetus as a means of artistic impression . In her projects , some of which featured a multiplicity of media ( e.g . Lesposizione impraticabile , 1992 , 96 ; Rosa Binaria , 1993–96 ; Hautnah and Il sarto immortale , 1995–98 ) she raised the viewers awareness of mass media and their problematic nature without polemic and without affecting the aesthetic evocative force of various media [ Fußnote 2 , Künstlerlexikon",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "] .",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "In a bid to counter an overwhelming array of media images , she began to toy with the viewers expectations . She substituted images with illegible strings of characters and drew the viewers attention towards the way in which media images are created and the processes they involve . She gained international renown through her multi-part projects Hautnah and Il Sarto Immortale , in which she digitally processed images of her own body and then had them printed onto fabric and transformed into items of clothing to be showcased by models on catwalks . In the interplay between clothing and",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "nakedness , she literally exposed the commercial exploitation of womens bodies in the mass media and the fashion industry .",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "The works she developed jointly with Tina Bara are inspired by feminist standpoints : there , the body is portrayed as a matrix inscribed into which are identities as a cultural and social construct . For the two women artists , it is always about the process of allocating normative attitudes and behaviour patterns . In a series of intermedia projects such as Portrait Alba / Tina Ritratto and Bellissima the artists also referenced biographical material . A new added element incorporated by Tina Bara is the subject of the German Democratic Republics past . The series of portraits entitled",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "Siegerehrungen ( 2003 ) for instance features former elite GDR athletes . The project Covergirl : Wespen-Akte ( 2007-2009 ) looks at the opposition group Frauen für den Frieden , of which Tina Bara is also a member .",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": " Works in public collections ( selected ) . - Gutenberg-Museum , Mainz - Collection of the City of Frankfurt am Main - Collection of the Town of Fellbach - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Wertpapiere ( DWS ) , Frankfurt am Main - Dresdner Bank , Munich - Collection of the Contemporary Art Gallery in Termoli , Italy ( Galleria Civica dArte Contemporanea ) - Deutsche Bank , Darmstadt - ZKM | Medienmuseum , Karlsruhe - Medienhaus , Frankfurt am Main - Deutsche Guggenheim , Berlin - Art Fund of the Free State of Saxony , Dresden",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "- Kunsthalle Dominikanerkirche , Osnabrück",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": " - Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg - Museum Bellerive , Zurich Prizes and scholarships / Awards . - 1987 Grant from the editors of Das kleine Fernsehspiel ( ZDF ) for the realization of the video Kreis , der - NaFög-grant of the Universität der Künste , Berlin - Project grant of the Röhm GmbH , Darmstadt - 1990 Grant Pépinières of Eurocréation , Paris - 2006 Project grant of the Kulturstiftung des Bundes for Eine Frage ( nach ) der Geste - 2009 Project grant of the Stiftung Kunstfonds for Covergirl : Wespen-Akte",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": " - D’Urbano , Alba : La Porta . In : Il recinto e il luogo sacro ( exhibition catalogue ) , Sora 1990 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Al Caro Scomparso . In : Videoinstallationen ( exhibition catalogue ) , Berlin 1991 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Rosa Binaria . In : Gerbel , Karl ; Weibel , Peter ( ed. ) : Ars Electronica 1993 , Vienna 1993 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- D’Urbano , Alba : Der negierte Raum . In : Gerbel , Karl ; Weibel , Peter ( ed. ) : Ars Electronica 1994 , Linz 1994 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - D’Urbano , Alba : Hautnah . In : Kunstforum International , Kunstforumverlag Ruppichteroth 1995 ; also in Fotografie nach der Fotografie , Verlag der Kunst , Munich 1995 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Stoffwechsel . In : Reindl ; Dietzler ; Ummels ; Broch ( Hg. ) : Art Hansa Spezial , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Salon Verlag , Cologne 1997 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Dieter Daniels , Alba D’Urbano : Utopie : Ursprung aller Medien . In : Andreas Broekman , *Rudolf Frieling ( ed. ) : Bandbreite-Medien zwischen Kunst und Politik , Kulturverlag Kadmos Berlin 2004 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Alba D’Urbano/Tina Bara/Susanne Holschbach ( ed. ) : Bellissima , exhibition catalogue , Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst , Leipzig , 2006 . - Alba D’Urbano/Tina Bara ( ed. ) : Eine Frage ( nach ) der Geste , exhibition catalogue Fotohof Salzburg Edition , Salzburg , 2008 . - Alba D’Urbano : Private Property : all you need.. . In : LIVRAISON T.11 Multiples et autres/and other Multiples ( S . 16-25 ) , Rhinoceros , Strasbourg , 2008/2009 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Alba D’Urbano : Erschreckend Schön : Körperpoetik und Körperkonstruktion . In KUNSTmagazin 1005 ( p . 8-13 ) , KUNSTverlag , Berlin 2011 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Wolff , Thomas : Neues aus der Raumforschung . In : Steiger , Charly ( ed. ) : Sequenz , Frankfurt am Main 1995 . - Schwarz , Hans-Peter : Touch me . In : Medien-Kunst-Geschichte , Prestel Verlag , Munich 1997 . - Ingrid Mössinger : Alba D‘Urbano . In : Barbara Wally ( Hg. ) , Skulptur , Figur , Weiblich , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Bibliothek der Provinz , Linz 1998 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Wendt , Karin : Experimentum Loci : Virtuelle Räume . In : Hermann , Mertin , Valting ( ed. ) : Die Gegenwart der Kunst , Wilhelm Fink Verlag , Munich 1998 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Alexandra Kolossa : Il Sarto Immortale . In : Heike Strelow ( ed. ) : Natural Reality , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Dako Verlag , Stuttgart 1999 . - Gebhard Streicher : Il Sarto Immortale : Display . In : Its now or never , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Transit I – IV , DG eV , Munich 1999 . - Benthien , Claudia : Haut . Literaturgeschichte – Körperbilder – Grenzdiskurse , Rowohlt Verlag , Reinbek 1999 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Gertje Maaß : Alba D’Urbano . In : Barbara Hoffer , Valeria Schulte-Fischedick ( ed. ) : Crossfemale , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Berlin 2000 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Elisabeth Hartung : Die Zweite Haut – Kunst und Kleidung , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Merano 2001 . - Michaela Völkel : Inszenierung . In : Wilhelm Hornbostel , Nils Jockel ( ed. ) : Nackt . Die Ästhetik der Blöße , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Prestel Verlag , Munich 2002 . - Günter Meißner : Alba DUrbano . In Günter Meißner ( ed. ) , Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon , Vol . 31 , p . 181ff. , Saur Verlag , Munich 2002 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Mark Hansen : Affect as medium , or the ‘digital-facial-image’ . In : Journal of Visual Culture , Vol . 2 ( 2 ) : 205-228 , SAGE Publications , London 2003 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Petra Leutner : Oberflächen mit Körper . In : Christian Janecke ( ed. ) : Haare Tragen , Böhlau Verlag , Cologne , 2004 . - Lorella Scacco : Alba D’Urbano . In : Estetica Mediale , Guerini Verlag , Milan , 2004 . - Alexandra Kolossa : Die Anwesenheit der Abwesenden Alba D’Urbano – Eine Annäherung . In : Alba D’Urbano : Whoami : In ordine Sparso , Verlag für Moderne Kunst , Nuremberg , 2006 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Hubertus von Amelunxen : Einmal hören . Für Alba . In : Alba DUrbano : Whoami : In ordine Sparso , Verlag für Moderne Kunst , Nuremberg , 2006 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Cora von Pape : Kunstkleider . Die Präsenz des Körpers in textilen Kunst-Objekten des 20 . Jahrhunderts , Transcript-Verlag , Bielefeld , 2008 . - Ingrid Loschek : Wann ist Mode ? Strukturen , Strategien und Innovationen , Dietrich Reimer Verlag , Berlin , 2007 . - Ingrid Loschek : When Clothes become Fashion . Design & Innovation Systems , Berg Publisher , Oxford , 2008 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Jorge Lozano : La Moda : sublime menor . In : Manuel Lucena Giraldo , Ignacio Gonzales Casasnovas ( ed. ) : Amazonas y modelos : Universo femenino y cultura en el siglo XX , Instituto de Cultura , Fundacìon Mafre , Madrid , 2008 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Reuter , Jule : Tina Bara/Alba D’Urbano , Covergirl . In : Ralf Eppenede ( ed. ) : Bewegte Welt – Erzählte Zeit 1989-2009 , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Goethe-Institute , Saint Petersburg , 2009 . - Eran Fisher : Media and New Capitalism in the Digital Age : The Spirit of Networks , Palgrave Macmillan , New York , 2010 . - Océane Delleaux : Le Multiple et les «autres» multiples . Histoire dune mutation artistique , Europe et Amérique du Nord ( 1984-2006 ) , L’Harmattan , Paris , 2010 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Constanze Küsel : Die Made in der Schokolade ; Frankfurt University Press , Frankfurt am Main , 2010 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Paolo Bianchi : Alba D’Urbano & Dagmar Varady »wissen – ein Werkkatalog« , in : Kunstforum 225 , March–April 2014 , p . 320-323",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Website von Alba DUrbano - Alba DUrbano at the HGB Leipzig - Intermedia class at the HGB Leipzig - Intermedia class - About Alba DUrbano at the ZKM - About Alba DUrbano at the - Website of the artist duo Tina Bara and Alba DUrbano - Couture – The Collection",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Alba_D'Urbano#P937#1
|
Where did Alba D'Urbano work between Apr 1990 and Jul 1991?
|
Alba DUrbano Alba DUrbano ( born April 13 , 1955 ) is a textile and video artist . DUrbanos most notable work was 1995s hautnah ( close to the skin ) ; a series of garments imprinted with life-size digital photographs of her own skin . After an exhibition in 1999 , critics stated she depicted nudity as fashionable , provoked voyeurism , and made skin ( the external body ) just another interface in a world . In addition to her own work , DUrbano has been a critic and an art philosopher . Since 1995 , DUrbano has been a professor at Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst , in Leipzig , Germany . Early life . DUrbano was born in Tivoli and studied philosophy at the Sapienza University of Rome from 1974 to 1978 . Her work as an artist was influenced by her affiliation with the Distracted Avantgarde ( Klemens Gruber ) , which sought to bring about a paradigm shift in the relationship between art , politics and mass communication . It was against this backdrop that Alba DUrbano produced experimental radio programmes for the alternative broadcasting station Radio Gulliver in Tivoli ( modelled on stations such as Radio Alice in Bologna and Radio Città Futura in Rome ) and founded a feminist group . In 1979 , she enrolled in a course of visual arts studies at the under , graduating in 1983 . Experimental works in collaboration with other artists date from that period . One such fellow artist was composer Alessandro Cipriani with whom she created performances , Super-8 films , and artistic events in public spaces . Alba DUrbano moved to ( West ) Berlin in 1984 and began her studies in visual communication at the Berlin University of the Arts in 1985 . In 1989 , she graduated as a master student ( Meisterschüler-Degree ) in experimental film design under . In 1990 she held a scholarship at the in Frankfurt am Main , headed by Peter Weibel . It was during that time that she met her future husband , Nicolas Reichelt . After a lectureship at the , she was appointed to teach at the Academy of Visual Arts Leipzig in 1995 , where she has since held a professorship in computer graphics , and has taught the class for intermedia since 1998 . In 2003–2004 , she taught at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano for one academic year . Since 2000 , she has curated numerous exhibitions at the national and international level as part of her university duties , addressing political and social issues and incorporating both process-orientated and media-reflective methods . Artistry . In the 1980s , Alba DUrbanos artistic interest focused on the drastic changes in the perception of reality brought about by the increasingly influential glut of virtual images , which are generated by the mass media and susceptible to manipulation . At the core of her artistic exploration was the relationship between the written word and the new media . Berlins urban space with its partly truncated communication paths and its insular status provided the setting for her first video works from the series Nur die Augen können ( filmed at Checkpoint Charlie , 1985 ) and Kreis , der ( filmed on , 1987 ) . For the video installations for the series Berlin Kulturstadt Europas , she focused on local communication media ; in the series of paintings entitled Prometheus she addressed the impoverished human communications and the loss of writing . In the 1990s , Alba DUrbano turned to interactive video and computer installations , to which her creative , complex , experimentally enhancing and problem-conscious approach gave significant impetus as a means of artistic impression . In her projects , some of which featured a multiplicity of media ( e.g . Lesposizione impraticabile , 1992 , 96 ; Rosa Binaria , 1993–96 ; Hautnah and Il sarto immortale , 1995–98 ) she raised the viewers awareness of mass media and their problematic nature without polemic and without affecting the aesthetic evocative force of various media [ Fußnote 2 , Künstlerlexikon ] . In a bid to counter an overwhelming array of media images , she began to toy with the viewers expectations . She substituted images with illegible strings of characters and drew the viewers attention towards the way in which media images are created and the processes they involve . She gained international renown through her multi-part projects Hautnah and Il Sarto Immortale , in which she digitally processed images of her own body and then had them printed onto fabric and transformed into items of clothing to be showcased by models on catwalks . In the interplay between clothing and nakedness , she literally exposed the commercial exploitation of womens bodies in the mass media and the fashion industry . The works she developed jointly with Tina Bara are inspired by feminist standpoints : there , the body is portrayed as a matrix inscribed into which are identities as a cultural and social construct . For the two women artists , it is always about the process of allocating normative attitudes and behaviour patterns . In a series of intermedia projects such as Portrait Alba / Tina Ritratto and Bellissima the artists also referenced biographical material . A new added element incorporated by Tina Bara is the subject of the German Democratic Republics past . The series of portraits entitled Siegerehrungen ( 2003 ) for instance features former elite GDR athletes . The project Covergirl : Wespen-Akte ( 2007-2009 ) looks at the opposition group Frauen für den Frieden , of which Tina Bara is also a member . Works in public collections ( selected ) . - Gutenberg-Museum , Mainz - Collection of the City of Frankfurt am Main - Collection of the Town of Fellbach - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Wertpapiere ( DWS ) , Frankfurt am Main - Dresdner Bank , Munich - Collection of the Contemporary Art Gallery in Termoli , Italy ( Galleria Civica dArte Contemporanea ) - Deutsche Bank , Darmstadt - ZKM | Medienmuseum , Karlsruhe - Medienhaus , Frankfurt am Main - Deutsche Guggenheim , Berlin - Art Fund of the Free State of Saxony , Dresden - Kunsthalle Dominikanerkirche , Osnabrück - Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg - Museum Bellerive , Zurich Prizes and scholarships / Awards . - 1987 Grant from the editors of Das kleine Fernsehspiel ( ZDF ) for the realization of the video Kreis , der - NaFög-grant of the Universität der Künste , Berlin - Project grant of the Röhm GmbH , Darmstadt - 1990 Grant Pépinières of Eurocréation , Paris - 2006 Project grant of the Kulturstiftung des Bundes for Eine Frage ( nach ) der Geste - 2009 Project grant of the Stiftung Kunstfonds for Covergirl : Wespen-Akte Publications . - D’Urbano , Alba : La Porta . In : Il recinto e il luogo sacro ( exhibition catalogue ) , Sora 1990 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Al Caro Scomparso . In : Videoinstallationen ( exhibition catalogue ) , Berlin 1991 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Rosa Binaria . In : Gerbel , Karl ; Weibel , Peter ( ed. ) : Ars Electronica 1993 , Vienna 1993 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Der negierte Raum . In : Gerbel , Karl ; Weibel , Peter ( ed. ) : Ars Electronica 1994 , Linz 1994 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Hautnah . In : Kunstforum International , Kunstforumverlag Ruppichteroth 1995 ; also in Fotografie nach der Fotografie , Verlag der Kunst , Munich 1995 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Stoffwechsel . In : Reindl ; Dietzler ; Ummels ; Broch ( Hg. ) : Art Hansa Spezial , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Salon Verlag , Cologne 1997 . - Dieter Daniels , Alba D’Urbano : Utopie : Ursprung aller Medien . In : Andreas Broekman , *Rudolf Frieling ( ed. ) : Bandbreite-Medien zwischen Kunst und Politik , Kulturverlag Kadmos Berlin 2004 . - Alba D’Urbano/Tina Bara/Susanne Holschbach ( ed. ) : Bellissima , exhibition catalogue , Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst , Leipzig , 2006 . - Alba D’Urbano/Tina Bara ( ed. ) : Eine Frage ( nach ) der Geste , exhibition catalogue Fotohof Salzburg Edition , Salzburg , 2008 . - Alba D’Urbano : Private Property : all you need.. . In : LIVRAISON T.11 Multiples et autres/and other Multiples ( S . 16-25 ) , Rhinoceros , Strasbourg , 2008/2009 . - Alba D’Urbano : Erschreckend Schön : Körperpoetik und Körperkonstruktion . In KUNSTmagazin 1005 ( p . 8-13 ) , KUNSTverlag , Berlin 2011 . Further reading . - Wolff , Thomas : Neues aus der Raumforschung . In : Steiger , Charly ( ed. ) : Sequenz , Frankfurt am Main 1995 . - Schwarz , Hans-Peter : Touch me . In : Medien-Kunst-Geschichte , Prestel Verlag , Munich 1997 . - Ingrid Mössinger : Alba D‘Urbano . In : Barbara Wally ( Hg. ) , Skulptur , Figur , Weiblich , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Bibliothek der Provinz , Linz 1998 . - Wendt , Karin : Experimentum Loci : Virtuelle Räume . In : Hermann , Mertin , Valting ( ed. ) : Die Gegenwart der Kunst , Wilhelm Fink Verlag , Munich 1998 . - Alexandra Kolossa : Il Sarto Immortale . In : Heike Strelow ( ed. ) : Natural Reality , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Dako Verlag , Stuttgart 1999 . - Gebhard Streicher : Il Sarto Immortale : Display . In : Its now or never , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Transit I – IV , DG eV , Munich 1999 . - Benthien , Claudia : Haut . Literaturgeschichte – Körperbilder – Grenzdiskurse , Rowohlt Verlag , Reinbek 1999 . - Gertje Maaß : Alba D’Urbano . In : Barbara Hoffer , Valeria Schulte-Fischedick ( ed. ) : Crossfemale , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Berlin 2000 . - Elisabeth Hartung : Die Zweite Haut – Kunst und Kleidung , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Merano 2001 . - Michaela Völkel : Inszenierung . In : Wilhelm Hornbostel , Nils Jockel ( ed. ) : Nackt . Die Ästhetik der Blöße , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Prestel Verlag , Munich 2002 . - Günter Meißner : Alba DUrbano . In Günter Meißner ( ed. ) , Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon , Vol . 31 , p . 181ff. , Saur Verlag , Munich 2002 . - Mark Hansen : Affect as medium , or the ‘digital-facial-image’ . In : Journal of Visual Culture , Vol . 2 ( 2 ) : 205-228 , SAGE Publications , London 2003 . - Petra Leutner : Oberflächen mit Körper . In : Christian Janecke ( ed. ) : Haare Tragen , Böhlau Verlag , Cologne , 2004 . - Lorella Scacco : Alba D’Urbano . In : Estetica Mediale , Guerini Verlag , Milan , 2004 . - Alexandra Kolossa : Die Anwesenheit der Abwesenden Alba D’Urbano – Eine Annäherung . In : Alba D’Urbano : Whoami : In ordine Sparso , Verlag für Moderne Kunst , Nuremberg , 2006 . - Hubertus von Amelunxen : Einmal hören . Für Alba . In : Alba DUrbano : Whoami : In ordine Sparso , Verlag für Moderne Kunst , Nuremberg , 2006 . - Cora von Pape : Kunstkleider . Die Präsenz des Körpers in textilen Kunst-Objekten des 20 . Jahrhunderts , Transcript-Verlag , Bielefeld , 2008 . - Ingrid Loschek : Wann ist Mode ? Strukturen , Strategien und Innovationen , Dietrich Reimer Verlag , Berlin , 2007 . - Ingrid Loschek : When Clothes become Fashion . Design & Innovation Systems , Berg Publisher , Oxford , 2008 . - Jorge Lozano : La Moda : sublime menor . In : Manuel Lucena Giraldo , Ignacio Gonzales Casasnovas ( ed. ) : Amazonas y modelos : Universo femenino y cultura en el siglo XX , Instituto de Cultura , Fundacìon Mafre , Madrid , 2008 . - Reuter , Jule : Tina Bara/Alba D’Urbano , Covergirl . In : Ralf Eppenede ( ed. ) : Bewegte Welt – Erzählte Zeit 1989-2009 , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Goethe-Institute , Saint Petersburg , 2009 . - Eran Fisher : Media and New Capitalism in the Digital Age : The Spirit of Networks , Palgrave Macmillan , New York , 2010 . - Océane Delleaux : Le Multiple et les «autres» multiples . Histoire dune mutation artistique , Europe et Amérique du Nord ( 1984-2006 ) , L’Harmattan , Paris , 2010 . - Constanze Küsel : Die Made in der Schokolade ; Frankfurt University Press , Frankfurt am Main , 2010 . - Paolo Bianchi : Alba D’Urbano & Dagmar Varady »wissen – ein Werkkatalog« , in : Kunstforum 225 , March–April 2014 , p . 320-323 External links . - Website von Alba DUrbano - Alba DUrbano at the HGB Leipzig - Intermedia class at the HGB Leipzig - Intermedia class - About Alba DUrbano at the ZKM - About Alba DUrbano at the - Website of the artist duo Tina Bara and Alba DUrbano - Couture – The Collection
|
[
"Frankfurt",
"Academy of Visual Arts Leipzig"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alba DUrbano ( born April 13 , 1955 ) is a textile and video artist .",
"title": "Alba DUrbano"
},
{
"text": "DUrbanos most notable work was 1995s hautnah ( close to the skin ) ; a series of garments imprinted with life-size digital photographs of her own skin . After an exhibition in 1999 , critics stated she depicted nudity as fashionable , provoked voyeurism , and made skin ( the external body ) just another interface in a world . In addition to her own work , DUrbano has been a critic and an art philosopher . Since 1995 , DUrbano has been a professor at Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst , in Leipzig , Germany .",
"title": "Alba DUrbano"
},
{
"text": "DUrbano was born in Tivoli and studied philosophy at the Sapienza University of Rome from 1974 to 1978 . Her work as an artist was influenced by her affiliation with the Distracted Avantgarde ( Klemens Gruber ) , which sought to bring about a paradigm shift in the relationship between art , politics and mass communication . It was against this backdrop that Alba DUrbano produced experimental radio programmes for the alternative broadcasting station Radio Gulliver in Tivoli ( modelled on stations such as Radio Alice in Bologna and Radio Città Futura in Rome ) and founded a feminist group",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1979 , she enrolled in a course of visual arts studies at the under , graduating in 1983 . Experimental works in collaboration with other artists date from that period . One such fellow artist was composer Alessandro Cipriani with whom she created performances , Super-8 films , and artistic events in public spaces .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Alba DUrbano moved to ( West ) Berlin in 1984 and began her studies in visual communication at the Berlin University of the Arts in 1985 . In 1989 , she graduated as a master student ( Meisterschüler-Degree ) in experimental film design under . In 1990 she held a scholarship at the in Frankfurt am Main , headed by Peter Weibel . It was during that time that she met her future husband , Nicolas Reichelt .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After a lectureship at the , she was appointed to teach at the Academy of Visual Arts Leipzig in 1995 , where she has since held a professorship in computer graphics , and has taught the class for intermedia since 1998 . In 2003–2004 , she taught at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano for one academic year . Since 2000 , she has curated numerous exhibitions at the national and international level as part of her university duties , addressing political and social issues and incorporating both process-orientated and media-reflective methods .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In the 1980s , Alba DUrbanos artistic interest focused on the drastic changes in the perception of reality brought about by the increasingly influential glut of virtual images , which are generated by the mass media and susceptible to manipulation . At the core of her artistic exploration was the relationship between the written word and the new media . Berlins urban space with its partly truncated communication paths and its insular status provided the setting for her first video works from the series Nur die Augen können ( filmed at Checkpoint Charlie , 1985 ) and Kreis , der",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "( filmed on , 1987 ) . For the video installations for the series Berlin Kulturstadt Europas , she focused on local communication media ; in the series of paintings entitled Prometheus she addressed the impoverished human communications and the loss of writing .",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "In the 1990s , Alba DUrbano turned to interactive video and computer installations , to which her creative , complex , experimentally enhancing and problem-conscious approach gave significant impetus as a means of artistic impression . In her projects , some of which featured a multiplicity of media ( e.g . Lesposizione impraticabile , 1992 , 96 ; Rosa Binaria , 1993–96 ; Hautnah and Il sarto immortale , 1995–98 ) she raised the viewers awareness of mass media and their problematic nature without polemic and without affecting the aesthetic evocative force of various media [ Fußnote 2 , Künstlerlexikon",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "] .",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "In a bid to counter an overwhelming array of media images , she began to toy with the viewers expectations . She substituted images with illegible strings of characters and drew the viewers attention towards the way in which media images are created and the processes they involve . She gained international renown through her multi-part projects Hautnah and Il Sarto Immortale , in which she digitally processed images of her own body and then had them printed onto fabric and transformed into items of clothing to be showcased by models on catwalks . In the interplay between clothing and",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "nakedness , she literally exposed the commercial exploitation of womens bodies in the mass media and the fashion industry .",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "The works she developed jointly with Tina Bara are inspired by feminist standpoints : there , the body is portrayed as a matrix inscribed into which are identities as a cultural and social construct . For the two women artists , it is always about the process of allocating normative attitudes and behaviour patterns . In a series of intermedia projects such as Portrait Alba / Tina Ritratto and Bellissima the artists also referenced biographical material . A new added element incorporated by Tina Bara is the subject of the German Democratic Republics past . The series of portraits entitled",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "Siegerehrungen ( 2003 ) for instance features former elite GDR athletes . The project Covergirl : Wespen-Akte ( 2007-2009 ) looks at the opposition group Frauen für den Frieden , of which Tina Bara is also a member .",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": " Works in public collections ( selected ) . - Gutenberg-Museum , Mainz - Collection of the City of Frankfurt am Main - Collection of the Town of Fellbach - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Wertpapiere ( DWS ) , Frankfurt am Main - Dresdner Bank , Munich - Collection of the Contemporary Art Gallery in Termoli , Italy ( Galleria Civica dArte Contemporanea ) - Deutsche Bank , Darmstadt - ZKM | Medienmuseum , Karlsruhe - Medienhaus , Frankfurt am Main - Deutsche Guggenheim , Berlin - Art Fund of the Free State of Saxony , Dresden",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "- Kunsthalle Dominikanerkirche , Osnabrück",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": " - Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg - Museum Bellerive , Zurich Prizes and scholarships / Awards . - 1987 Grant from the editors of Das kleine Fernsehspiel ( ZDF ) for the realization of the video Kreis , der - NaFög-grant of the Universität der Künste , Berlin - Project grant of the Röhm GmbH , Darmstadt - 1990 Grant Pépinières of Eurocréation , Paris - 2006 Project grant of the Kulturstiftung des Bundes for Eine Frage ( nach ) der Geste - 2009 Project grant of the Stiftung Kunstfonds for Covergirl : Wespen-Akte",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": " - D’Urbano , Alba : La Porta . In : Il recinto e il luogo sacro ( exhibition catalogue ) , Sora 1990 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Al Caro Scomparso . In : Videoinstallationen ( exhibition catalogue ) , Berlin 1991 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Rosa Binaria . In : Gerbel , Karl ; Weibel , Peter ( ed. ) : Ars Electronica 1993 , Vienna 1993 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- D’Urbano , Alba : Der negierte Raum . In : Gerbel , Karl ; Weibel , Peter ( ed. ) : Ars Electronica 1994 , Linz 1994 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - D’Urbano , Alba : Hautnah . In : Kunstforum International , Kunstforumverlag Ruppichteroth 1995 ; also in Fotografie nach der Fotografie , Verlag der Kunst , Munich 1995 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Stoffwechsel . In : Reindl ; Dietzler ; Ummels ; Broch ( Hg. ) : Art Hansa Spezial , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Salon Verlag , Cologne 1997 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Dieter Daniels , Alba D’Urbano : Utopie : Ursprung aller Medien . In : Andreas Broekman , *Rudolf Frieling ( ed. ) : Bandbreite-Medien zwischen Kunst und Politik , Kulturverlag Kadmos Berlin 2004 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Alba D’Urbano/Tina Bara/Susanne Holschbach ( ed. ) : Bellissima , exhibition catalogue , Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst , Leipzig , 2006 . - Alba D’Urbano/Tina Bara ( ed. ) : Eine Frage ( nach ) der Geste , exhibition catalogue Fotohof Salzburg Edition , Salzburg , 2008 . - Alba D’Urbano : Private Property : all you need.. . In : LIVRAISON T.11 Multiples et autres/and other Multiples ( S . 16-25 ) , Rhinoceros , Strasbourg , 2008/2009 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Alba D’Urbano : Erschreckend Schön : Körperpoetik und Körperkonstruktion . In KUNSTmagazin 1005 ( p . 8-13 ) , KUNSTverlag , Berlin 2011 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Wolff , Thomas : Neues aus der Raumforschung . In : Steiger , Charly ( ed. ) : Sequenz , Frankfurt am Main 1995 . - Schwarz , Hans-Peter : Touch me . In : Medien-Kunst-Geschichte , Prestel Verlag , Munich 1997 . - Ingrid Mössinger : Alba D‘Urbano . In : Barbara Wally ( Hg. ) , Skulptur , Figur , Weiblich , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Bibliothek der Provinz , Linz 1998 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Wendt , Karin : Experimentum Loci : Virtuelle Räume . In : Hermann , Mertin , Valting ( ed. ) : Die Gegenwart der Kunst , Wilhelm Fink Verlag , Munich 1998 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Alexandra Kolossa : Il Sarto Immortale . In : Heike Strelow ( ed. ) : Natural Reality , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Dako Verlag , Stuttgart 1999 . - Gebhard Streicher : Il Sarto Immortale : Display . In : Its now or never , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Transit I – IV , DG eV , Munich 1999 . - Benthien , Claudia : Haut . Literaturgeschichte – Körperbilder – Grenzdiskurse , Rowohlt Verlag , Reinbek 1999 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Gertje Maaß : Alba D’Urbano . In : Barbara Hoffer , Valeria Schulte-Fischedick ( ed. ) : Crossfemale , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Berlin 2000 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Elisabeth Hartung : Die Zweite Haut – Kunst und Kleidung , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Merano 2001 . - Michaela Völkel : Inszenierung . In : Wilhelm Hornbostel , Nils Jockel ( ed. ) : Nackt . Die Ästhetik der Blöße , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Prestel Verlag , Munich 2002 . - Günter Meißner : Alba DUrbano . In Günter Meißner ( ed. ) , Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon , Vol . 31 , p . 181ff. , Saur Verlag , Munich 2002 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Mark Hansen : Affect as medium , or the ‘digital-facial-image’ . In : Journal of Visual Culture , Vol . 2 ( 2 ) : 205-228 , SAGE Publications , London 2003 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Petra Leutner : Oberflächen mit Körper . In : Christian Janecke ( ed. ) : Haare Tragen , Böhlau Verlag , Cologne , 2004 . - Lorella Scacco : Alba D’Urbano . In : Estetica Mediale , Guerini Verlag , Milan , 2004 . - Alexandra Kolossa : Die Anwesenheit der Abwesenden Alba D’Urbano – Eine Annäherung . In : Alba D’Urbano : Whoami : In ordine Sparso , Verlag für Moderne Kunst , Nuremberg , 2006 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Hubertus von Amelunxen : Einmal hören . Für Alba . In : Alba DUrbano : Whoami : In ordine Sparso , Verlag für Moderne Kunst , Nuremberg , 2006 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Cora von Pape : Kunstkleider . Die Präsenz des Körpers in textilen Kunst-Objekten des 20 . Jahrhunderts , Transcript-Verlag , Bielefeld , 2008 . - Ingrid Loschek : Wann ist Mode ? Strukturen , Strategien und Innovationen , Dietrich Reimer Verlag , Berlin , 2007 . - Ingrid Loschek : When Clothes become Fashion . Design & Innovation Systems , Berg Publisher , Oxford , 2008 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Jorge Lozano : La Moda : sublime menor . In : Manuel Lucena Giraldo , Ignacio Gonzales Casasnovas ( ed. ) : Amazonas y modelos : Universo femenino y cultura en el siglo XX , Instituto de Cultura , Fundacìon Mafre , Madrid , 2008 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Reuter , Jule : Tina Bara/Alba D’Urbano , Covergirl . In : Ralf Eppenede ( ed. ) : Bewegte Welt – Erzählte Zeit 1989-2009 , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Goethe-Institute , Saint Petersburg , 2009 . - Eran Fisher : Media and New Capitalism in the Digital Age : The Spirit of Networks , Palgrave Macmillan , New York , 2010 . - Océane Delleaux : Le Multiple et les «autres» multiples . Histoire dune mutation artistique , Europe et Amérique du Nord ( 1984-2006 ) , L’Harmattan , Paris , 2010 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Constanze Küsel : Die Made in der Schokolade ; Frankfurt University Press , Frankfurt am Main , 2010 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Paolo Bianchi : Alba D’Urbano & Dagmar Varady »wissen – ein Werkkatalog« , in : Kunstforum 225 , March–April 2014 , p . 320-323",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Website von Alba DUrbano - Alba DUrbano at the HGB Leipzig - Intermedia class at the HGB Leipzig - Intermedia class - About Alba DUrbano at the ZKM - About Alba DUrbano at the - Website of the artist duo Tina Bara and Alba DUrbano - Couture – The Collection",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Alba_D'Urbano#P937#2
|
Where did Alba D'Urbano work after May 2002?
|
Alba DUrbano Alba DUrbano ( born April 13 , 1955 ) is a textile and video artist . DUrbanos most notable work was 1995s hautnah ( close to the skin ) ; a series of garments imprinted with life-size digital photographs of her own skin . After an exhibition in 1999 , critics stated she depicted nudity as fashionable , provoked voyeurism , and made skin ( the external body ) just another interface in a world . In addition to her own work , DUrbano has been a critic and an art philosopher . Since 1995 , DUrbano has been a professor at Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst , in Leipzig , Germany . Early life . DUrbano was born in Tivoli and studied philosophy at the Sapienza University of Rome from 1974 to 1978 . Her work as an artist was influenced by her affiliation with the Distracted Avantgarde ( Klemens Gruber ) , which sought to bring about a paradigm shift in the relationship between art , politics and mass communication . It was against this backdrop that Alba DUrbano produced experimental radio programmes for the alternative broadcasting station Radio Gulliver in Tivoli ( modelled on stations such as Radio Alice in Bologna and Radio Città Futura in Rome ) and founded a feminist group . In 1979 , she enrolled in a course of visual arts studies at the under , graduating in 1983 . Experimental works in collaboration with other artists date from that period . One such fellow artist was composer Alessandro Cipriani with whom she created performances , Super-8 films , and artistic events in public spaces . Alba DUrbano moved to ( West ) Berlin in 1984 and began her studies in visual communication at the Berlin University of the Arts in 1985 . In 1989 , she graduated as a master student ( Meisterschüler-Degree ) in experimental film design under . In 1990 she held a scholarship at the in Frankfurt am Main , headed by Peter Weibel . It was during that time that she met her future husband , Nicolas Reichelt . After a lectureship at the , she was appointed to teach at the Academy of Visual Arts Leipzig in 1995 , where she has since held a professorship in computer graphics , and has taught the class for intermedia since 1998 . In 2003–2004 , she taught at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano for one academic year . Since 2000 , she has curated numerous exhibitions at the national and international level as part of her university duties , addressing political and social issues and incorporating both process-orientated and media-reflective methods . Artistry . In the 1980s , Alba DUrbanos artistic interest focused on the drastic changes in the perception of reality brought about by the increasingly influential glut of virtual images , which are generated by the mass media and susceptible to manipulation . At the core of her artistic exploration was the relationship between the written word and the new media . Berlins urban space with its partly truncated communication paths and its insular status provided the setting for her first video works from the series Nur die Augen können ( filmed at Checkpoint Charlie , 1985 ) and Kreis , der ( filmed on , 1987 ) . For the video installations for the series Berlin Kulturstadt Europas , she focused on local communication media ; in the series of paintings entitled Prometheus she addressed the impoverished human communications and the loss of writing . In the 1990s , Alba DUrbano turned to interactive video and computer installations , to which her creative , complex , experimentally enhancing and problem-conscious approach gave significant impetus as a means of artistic impression . In her projects , some of which featured a multiplicity of media ( e.g . Lesposizione impraticabile , 1992 , 96 ; Rosa Binaria , 1993–96 ; Hautnah and Il sarto immortale , 1995–98 ) she raised the viewers awareness of mass media and their problematic nature without polemic and without affecting the aesthetic evocative force of various media [ Fußnote 2 , Künstlerlexikon ] . In a bid to counter an overwhelming array of media images , she began to toy with the viewers expectations . She substituted images with illegible strings of characters and drew the viewers attention towards the way in which media images are created and the processes they involve . She gained international renown through her multi-part projects Hautnah and Il Sarto Immortale , in which she digitally processed images of her own body and then had them printed onto fabric and transformed into items of clothing to be showcased by models on catwalks . In the interplay between clothing and nakedness , she literally exposed the commercial exploitation of womens bodies in the mass media and the fashion industry . The works she developed jointly with Tina Bara are inspired by feminist standpoints : there , the body is portrayed as a matrix inscribed into which are identities as a cultural and social construct . For the two women artists , it is always about the process of allocating normative attitudes and behaviour patterns . In a series of intermedia projects such as Portrait Alba / Tina Ritratto and Bellissima the artists also referenced biographical material . A new added element incorporated by Tina Bara is the subject of the German Democratic Republics past . The series of portraits entitled Siegerehrungen ( 2003 ) for instance features former elite GDR athletes . The project Covergirl : Wespen-Akte ( 2007-2009 ) looks at the opposition group Frauen für den Frieden , of which Tina Bara is also a member . Works in public collections ( selected ) . - Gutenberg-Museum , Mainz - Collection of the City of Frankfurt am Main - Collection of the Town of Fellbach - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Wertpapiere ( DWS ) , Frankfurt am Main - Dresdner Bank , Munich - Collection of the Contemporary Art Gallery in Termoli , Italy ( Galleria Civica dArte Contemporanea ) - Deutsche Bank , Darmstadt - ZKM | Medienmuseum , Karlsruhe - Medienhaus , Frankfurt am Main - Deutsche Guggenheim , Berlin - Art Fund of the Free State of Saxony , Dresden - Kunsthalle Dominikanerkirche , Osnabrück - Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg - Museum Bellerive , Zurich Prizes and scholarships / Awards . - 1987 Grant from the editors of Das kleine Fernsehspiel ( ZDF ) for the realization of the video Kreis , der - NaFög-grant of the Universität der Künste , Berlin - Project grant of the Röhm GmbH , Darmstadt - 1990 Grant Pépinières of Eurocréation , Paris - 2006 Project grant of the Kulturstiftung des Bundes for Eine Frage ( nach ) der Geste - 2009 Project grant of the Stiftung Kunstfonds for Covergirl : Wespen-Akte Publications . - D’Urbano , Alba : La Porta . In : Il recinto e il luogo sacro ( exhibition catalogue ) , Sora 1990 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Al Caro Scomparso . In : Videoinstallationen ( exhibition catalogue ) , Berlin 1991 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Rosa Binaria . In : Gerbel , Karl ; Weibel , Peter ( ed. ) : Ars Electronica 1993 , Vienna 1993 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Der negierte Raum . In : Gerbel , Karl ; Weibel , Peter ( ed. ) : Ars Electronica 1994 , Linz 1994 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Hautnah . In : Kunstforum International , Kunstforumverlag Ruppichteroth 1995 ; also in Fotografie nach der Fotografie , Verlag der Kunst , Munich 1995 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Stoffwechsel . In : Reindl ; Dietzler ; Ummels ; Broch ( Hg. ) : Art Hansa Spezial , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Salon Verlag , Cologne 1997 . - Dieter Daniels , Alba D’Urbano : Utopie : Ursprung aller Medien . In : Andreas Broekman , *Rudolf Frieling ( ed. ) : Bandbreite-Medien zwischen Kunst und Politik , Kulturverlag Kadmos Berlin 2004 . - Alba D’Urbano/Tina Bara/Susanne Holschbach ( ed. ) : Bellissima , exhibition catalogue , Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst , Leipzig , 2006 . - Alba D’Urbano/Tina Bara ( ed. ) : Eine Frage ( nach ) der Geste , exhibition catalogue Fotohof Salzburg Edition , Salzburg , 2008 . - Alba D’Urbano : Private Property : all you need.. . In : LIVRAISON T.11 Multiples et autres/and other Multiples ( S . 16-25 ) , Rhinoceros , Strasbourg , 2008/2009 . - Alba D’Urbano : Erschreckend Schön : Körperpoetik und Körperkonstruktion . In KUNSTmagazin 1005 ( p . 8-13 ) , KUNSTverlag , Berlin 2011 . Further reading . - Wolff , Thomas : Neues aus der Raumforschung . In : Steiger , Charly ( ed. ) : Sequenz , Frankfurt am Main 1995 . - Schwarz , Hans-Peter : Touch me . In : Medien-Kunst-Geschichte , Prestel Verlag , Munich 1997 . - Ingrid Mössinger : Alba D‘Urbano . In : Barbara Wally ( Hg. ) , Skulptur , Figur , Weiblich , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Bibliothek der Provinz , Linz 1998 . - Wendt , Karin : Experimentum Loci : Virtuelle Räume . In : Hermann , Mertin , Valting ( ed. ) : Die Gegenwart der Kunst , Wilhelm Fink Verlag , Munich 1998 . - Alexandra Kolossa : Il Sarto Immortale . In : Heike Strelow ( ed. ) : Natural Reality , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Dako Verlag , Stuttgart 1999 . - Gebhard Streicher : Il Sarto Immortale : Display . In : Its now or never , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Transit I – IV , DG eV , Munich 1999 . - Benthien , Claudia : Haut . Literaturgeschichte – Körperbilder – Grenzdiskurse , Rowohlt Verlag , Reinbek 1999 . - Gertje Maaß : Alba D’Urbano . In : Barbara Hoffer , Valeria Schulte-Fischedick ( ed. ) : Crossfemale , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Berlin 2000 . - Elisabeth Hartung : Die Zweite Haut – Kunst und Kleidung , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Merano 2001 . - Michaela Völkel : Inszenierung . In : Wilhelm Hornbostel , Nils Jockel ( ed. ) : Nackt . Die Ästhetik der Blöße , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Prestel Verlag , Munich 2002 . - Günter Meißner : Alba DUrbano . In Günter Meißner ( ed. ) , Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon , Vol . 31 , p . 181ff. , Saur Verlag , Munich 2002 . - Mark Hansen : Affect as medium , or the ‘digital-facial-image’ . In : Journal of Visual Culture , Vol . 2 ( 2 ) : 205-228 , SAGE Publications , London 2003 . - Petra Leutner : Oberflächen mit Körper . In : Christian Janecke ( ed. ) : Haare Tragen , Böhlau Verlag , Cologne , 2004 . - Lorella Scacco : Alba D’Urbano . In : Estetica Mediale , Guerini Verlag , Milan , 2004 . - Alexandra Kolossa : Die Anwesenheit der Abwesenden Alba D’Urbano – Eine Annäherung . In : Alba D’Urbano : Whoami : In ordine Sparso , Verlag für Moderne Kunst , Nuremberg , 2006 . - Hubertus von Amelunxen : Einmal hören . Für Alba . In : Alba DUrbano : Whoami : In ordine Sparso , Verlag für Moderne Kunst , Nuremberg , 2006 . - Cora von Pape : Kunstkleider . Die Präsenz des Körpers in textilen Kunst-Objekten des 20 . Jahrhunderts , Transcript-Verlag , Bielefeld , 2008 . - Ingrid Loschek : Wann ist Mode ? Strukturen , Strategien und Innovationen , Dietrich Reimer Verlag , Berlin , 2007 . - Ingrid Loschek : When Clothes become Fashion . Design & Innovation Systems , Berg Publisher , Oxford , 2008 . - Jorge Lozano : La Moda : sublime menor . In : Manuel Lucena Giraldo , Ignacio Gonzales Casasnovas ( ed. ) : Amazonas y modelos : Universo femenino y cultura en el siglo XX , Instituto de Cultura , Fundacìon Mafre , Madrid , 2008 . - Reuter , Jule : Tina Bara/Alba D’Urbano , Covergirl . In : Ralf Eppenede ( ed. ) : Bewegte Welt – Erzählte Zeit 1989-2009 , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Goethe-Institute , Saint Petersburg , 2009 . - Eran Fisher : Media and New Capitalism in the Digital Age : The Spirit of Networks , Palgrave Macmillan , New York , 2010 . - Océane Delleaux : Le Multiple et les «autres» multiples . Histoire dune mutation artistique , Europe et Amérique du Nord ( 1984-2006 ) , L’Harmattan , Paris , 2010 . - Constanze Küsel : Die Made in der Schokolade ; Frankfurt University Press , Frankfurt am Main , 2010 . - Paolo Bianchi : Alba D’Urbano & Dagmar Varady »wissen – ein Werkkatalog« , in : Kunstforum 225 , March–April 2014 , p . 320-323 External links . - Website von Alba DUrbano - Alba DUrbano at the HGB Leipzig - Intermedia class at the HGB Leipzig - Intermedia class - About Alba DUrbano at the ZKM - About Alba DUrbano at the - Website of the artist duo Tina Bara and Alba DUrbano - Couture – The Collection
|
[
"Academy of Visual Arts Leipzig",
"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alba DUrbano ( born April 13 , 1955 ) is a textile and video artist .",
"title": "Alba DUrbano"
},
{
"text": "DUrbanos most notable work was 1995s hautnah ( close to the skin ) ; a series of garments imprinted with life-size digital photographs of her own skin . After an exhibition in 1999 , critics stated she depicted nudity as fashionable , provoked voyeurism , and made skin ( the external body ) just another interface in a world . In addition to her own work , DUrbano has been a critic and an art philosopher . Since 1995 , DUrbano has been a professor at Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst , in Leipzig , Germany .",
"title": "Alba DUrbano"
},
{
"text": "DUrbano was born in Tivoli and studied philosophy at the Sapienza University of Rome from 1974 to 1978 . Her work as an artist was influenced by her affiliation with the Distracted Avantgarde ( Klemens Gruber ) , which sought to bring about a paradigm shift in the relationship between art , politics and mass communication . It was against this backdrop that Alba DUrbano produced experimental radio programmes for the alternative broadcasting station Radio Gulliver in Tivoli ( modelled on stations such as Radio Alice in Bologna and Radio Città Futura in Rome ) and founded a feminist group",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1979 , she enrolled in a course of visual arts studies at the under , graduating in 1983 . Experimental works in collaboration with other artists date from that period . One such fellow artist was composer Alessandro Cipriani with whom she created performances , Super-8 films , and artistic events in public spaces .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Alba DUrbano moved to ( West ) Berlin in 1984 and began her studies in visual communication at the Berlin University of the Arts in 1985 . In 1989 , she graduated as a master student ( Meisterschüler-Degree ) in experimental film design under . In 1990 she held a scholarship at the in Frankfurt am Main , headed by Peter Weibel . It was during that time that she met her future husband , Nicolas Reichelt .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After a lectureship at the , she was appointed to teach at the Academy of Visual Arts Leipzig in 1995 , where she has since held a professorship in computer graphics , and has taught the class for intermedia since 1998 . In 2003–2004 , she taught at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano for one academic year . Since 2000 , she has curated numerous exhibitions at the national and international level as part of her university duties , addressing political and social issues and incorporating both process-orientated and media-reflective methods .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In the 1980s , Alba DUrbanos artistic interest focused on the drastic changes in the perception of reality brought about by the increasingly influential glut of virtual images , which are generated by the mass media and susceptible to manipulation . At the core of her artistic exploration was the relationship between the written word and the new media . Berlins urban space with its partly truncated communication paths and its insular status provided the setting for her first video works from the series Nur die Augen können ( filmed at Checkpoint Charlie , 1985 ) and Kreis , der",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "( filmed on , 1987 ) . For the video installations for the series Berlin Kulturstadt Europas , she focused on local communication media ; in the series of paintings entitled Prometheus she addressed the impoverished human communications and the loss of writing .",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "In the 1990s , Alba DUrbano turned to interactive video and computer installations , to which her creative , complex , experimentally enhancing and problem-conscious approach gave significant impetus as a means of artistic impression . In her projects , some of which featured a multiplicity of media ( e.g . Lesposizione impraticabile , 1992 , 96 ; Rosa Binaria , 1993–96 ; Hautnah and Il sarto immortale , 1995–98 ) she raised the viewers awareness of mass media and their problematic nature without polemic and without affecting the aesthetic evocative force of various media [ Fußnote 2 , Künstlerlexikon",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "] .",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "In a bid to counter an overwhelming array of media images , she began to toy with the viewers expectations . She substituted images with illegible strings of characters and drew the viewers attention towards the way in which media images are created and the processes they involve . She gained international renown through her multi-part projects Hautnah and Il Sarto Immortale , in which she digitally processed images of her own body and then had them printed onto fabric and transformed into items of clothing to be showcased by models on catwalks . In the interplay between clothing and",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "nakedness , she literally exposed the commercial exploitation of womens bodies in the mass media and the fashion industry .",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "The works she developed jointly with Tina Bara are inspired by feminist standpoints : there , the body is portrayed as a matrix inscribed into which are identities as a cultural and social construct . For the two women artists , it is always about the process of allocating normative attitudes and behaviour patterns . In a series of intermedia projects such as Portrait Alba / Tina Ritratto and Bellissima the artists also referenced biographical material . A new added element incorporated by Tina Bara is the subject of the German Democratic Republics past . The series of portraits entitled",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "Siegerehrungen ( 2003 ) for instance features former elite GDR athletes . The project Covergirl : Wespen-Akte ( 2007-2009 ) looks at the opposition group Frauen für den Frieden , of which Tina Bara is also a member .",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": " Works in public collections ( selected ) . - Gutenberg-Museum , Mainz - Collection of the City of Frankfurt am Main - Collection of the Town of Fellbach - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Wertpapiere ( DWS ) , Frankfurt am Main - Dresdner Bank , Munich - Collection of the Contemporary Art Gallery in Termoli , Italy ( Galleria Civica dArte Contemporanea ) - Deutsche Bank , Darmstadt - ZKM | Medienmuseum , Karlsruhe - Medienhaus , Frankfurt am Main - Deutsche Guggenheim , Berlin - Art Fund of the Free State of Saxony , Dresden",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": "- Kunsthalle Dominikanerkirche , Osnabrück",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": " - Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg - Museum Bellerive , Zurich Prizes and scholarships / Awards . - 1987 Grant from the editors of Das kleine Fernsehspiel ( ZDF ) for the realization of the video Kreis , der - NaFög-grant of the Universität der Künste , Berlin - Project grant of the Röhm GmbH , Darmstadt - 1990 Grant Pépinières of Eurocréation , Paris - 2006 Project grant of the Kulturstiftung des Bundes for Eine Frage ( nach ) der Geste - 2009 Project grant of the Stiftung Kunstfonds for Covergirl : Wespen-Akte",
"title": "Artistry"
},
{
"text": " - D’Urbano , Alba : La Porta . In : Il recinto e il luogo sacro ( exhibition catalogue ) , Sora 1990 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Al Caro Scomparso . In : Videoinstallationen ( exhibition catalogue ) , Berlin 1991 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Rosa Binaria . In : Gerbel , Karl ; Weibel , Peter ( ed. ) : Ars Electronica 1993 , Vienna 1993 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- D’Urbano , Alba : Der negierte Raum . In : Gerbel , Karl ; Weibel , Peter ( ed. ) : Ars Electronica 1994 , Linz 1994 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - D’Urbano , Alba : Hautnah . In : Kunstforum International , Kunstforumverlag Ruppichteroth 1995 ; also in Fotografie nach der Fotografie , Verlag der Kunst , Munich 1995 . - D’Urbano , Alba : Stoffwechsel . In : Reindl ; Dietzler ; Ummels ; Broch ( Hg. ) : Art Hansa Spezial , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Salon Verlag , Cologne 1997 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Dieter Daniels , Alba D’Urbano : Utopie : Ursprung aller Medien . In : Andreas Broekman , *Rudolf Frieling ( ed. ) : Bandbreite-Medien zwischen Kunst und Politik , Kulturverlag Kadmos Berlin 2004 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Alba D’Urbano/Tina Bara/Susanne Holschbach ( ed. ) : Bellissima , exhibition catalogue , Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst , Leipzig , 2006 . - Alba D’Urbano/Tina Bara ( ed. ) : Eine Frage ( nach ) der Geste , exhibition catalogue Fotohof Salzburg Edition , Salzburg , 2008 . - Alba D’Urbano : Private Property : all you need.. . In : LIVRAISON T.11 Multiples et autres/and other Multiples ( S . 16-25 ) , Rhinoceros , Strasbourg , 2008/2009 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": "- Alba D’Urbano : Erschreckend Schön : Körperpoetik und Körperkonstruktion . In KUNSTmagazin 1005 ( p . 8-13 ) , KUNSTverlag , Berlin 2011 .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Wolff , Thomas : Neues aus der Raumforschung . In : Steiger , Charly ( ed. ) : Sequenz , Frankfurt am Main 1995 . - Schwarz , Hans-Peter : Touch me . In : Medien-Kunst-Geschichte , Prestel Verlag , Munich 1997 . - Ingrid Mössinger : Alba D‘Urbano . In : Barbara Wally ( Hg. ) , Skulptur , Figur , Weiblich , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Bibliothek der Provinz , Linz 1998 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Wendt , Karin : Experimentum Loci : Virtuelle Räume . In : Hermann , Mertin , Valting ( ed. ) : Die Gegenwart der Kunst , Wilhelm Fink Verlag , Munich 1998 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Alexandra Kolossa : Il Sarto Immortale . In : Heike Strelow ( ed. ) : Natural Reality , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Dako Verlag , Stuttgart 1999 . - Gebhard Streicher : Il Sarto Immortale : Display . In : Its now or never , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Transit I – IV , DG eV , Munich 1999 . - Benthien , Claudia : Haut . Literaturgeschichte – Körperbilder – Grenzdiskurse , Rowohlt Verlag , Reinbek 1999 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Gertje Maaß : Alba D’Urbano . In : Barbara Hoffer , Valeria Schulte-Fischedick ( ed. ) : Crossfemale , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Berlin 2000 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Elisabeth Hartung : Die Zweite Haut – Kunst und Kleidung , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Merano 2001 . - Michaela Völkel : Inszenierung . In : Wilhelm Hornbostel , Nils Jockel ( ed. ) : Nackt . Die Ästhetik der Blöße , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Prestel Verlag , Munich 2002 . - Günter Meißner : Alba DUrbano . In Günter Meißner ( ed. ) , Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon , Vol . 31 , p . 181ff. , Saur Verlag , Munich 2002 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Mark Hansen : Affect as medium , or the ‘digital-facial-image’ . In : Journal of Visual Culture , Vol . 2 ( 2 ) : 205-228 , SAGE Publications , London 2003 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Petra Leutner : Oberflächen mit Körper . In : Christian Janecke ( ed. ) : Haare Tragen , Böhlau Verlag , Cologne , 2004 . - Lorella Scacco : Alba D’Urbano . In : Estetica Mediale , Guerini Verlag , Milan , 2004 . - Alexandra Kolossa : Die Anwesenheit der Abwesenden Alba D’Urbano – Eine Annäherung . In : Alba D’Urbano : Whoami : In ordine Sparso , Verlag für Moderne Kunst , Nuremberg , 2006 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Hubertus von Amelunxen : Einmal hören . Für Alba . In : Alba DUrbano : Whoami : In ordine Sparso , Verlag für Moderne Kunst , Nuremberg , 2006 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Cora von Pape : Kunstkleider . Die Präsenz des Körpers in textilen Kunst-Objekten des 20 . Jahrhunderts , Transcript-Verlag , Bielefeld , 2008 . - Ingrid Loschek : Wann ist Mode ? Strukturen , Strategien und Innovationen , Dietrich Reimer Verlag , Berlin , 2007 . - Ingrid Loschek : When Clothes become Fashion . Design & Innovation Systems , Berg Publisher , Oxford , 2008 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Jorge Lozano : La Moda : sublime menor . In : Manuel Lucena Giraldo , Ignacio Gonzales Casasnovas ( ed. ) : Amazonas y modelos : Universo femenino y cultura en el siglo XX , Instituto de Cultura , Fundacìon Mafre , Madrid , 2008 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Reuter , Jule : Tina Bara/Alba D’Urbano , Covergirl . In : Ralf Eppenede ( ed. ) : Bewegte Welt – Erzählte Zeit 1989-2009 , ( exhibition catalogue ) , Goethe-Institute , Saint Petersburg , 2009 . - Eran Fisher : Media and New Capitalism in the Digital Age : The Spirit of Networks , Palgrave Macmillan , New York , 2010 . - Océane Delleaux : Le Multiple et les «autres» multiples . Histoire dune mutation artistique , Europe et Amérique du Nord ( 1984-2006 ) , L’Harmattan , Paris , 2010 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": "- Constanze Küsel : Die Made in der Schokolade ; Frankfurt University Press , Frankfurt am Main , 2010 .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Paolo Bianchi : Alba D’Urbano & Dagmar Varady »wissen – ein Werkkatalog« , in : Kunstforum 225 , March–April 2014 , p . 320-323",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Website von Alba DUrbano - Alba DUrbano at the HGB Leipzig - Intermedia class at the HGB Leipzig - Intermedia class - About Alba DUrbano at the ZKM - About Alba DUrbano at the - Website of the artist duo Tina Bara and Alba DUrbano - Couture – The Collection",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/William_T._Barry#P39#0
|
William T. Barry took which position in Feb 1811?
|
William T . Barry William Taylor Barry ( February 5 , 1784 – August 30 , 1835 ) was an American statesman and jurist . He served as Postmaster General for most of the administration of President Andrew Jackson and was the only Cabinet member not to resign in 1831 as a result of the Petticoat affair . History . Born near Lunenburg , Virginia , he moved to Fayette County , Kentucky , in 1796 with his parents John Barry , an American Revolutionary War veteran , and Susannah ( Dozier ) Barry . He attended the common schools , Pisgah Academy and Kentucky Academy in Woodford County , Transylvania University at Lexington and graduated from the College of William & Mary at Williamsburg , Virginia in 1803 , after which studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1805 . He commenced practice at Jessamine County , Kentucky and then at Lexington . Political life . Elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1807 , Barry became a member of the U.S . House of Representatives from 1810 to 1811 , then served in the War of 1812 . From 1815 to 1816 , he became a U.S . Senator from Kentucky , then won election to the Kentucky Senate and served from 1817 to 1821 . During his time in the Kentucky Senate Barry wrote to former President James Madison seeking support for a plan of subsidizing public education across the state ; Madison responded enthusiastically and included in his letter of August 4 , 1822 the often-cited observation : A popular Government , without popular information or the means of acquiring it , is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy ; or , perhaps both . Meanwhile , Kentucky suffered from the Panic of 1819 and Barry became a leading figure in the debt relief party , which was successful in the elections between 1820 and 1824 , although less successful when creditors challenged the relief laws in the courts . As a lawyer , Barrry argued in support of those laws , which the Kentucky Court of Appeals overturned in 1823 . Barry also became the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky ( 1820 to 1824 ) , then served as Secretary of State of Kentucky ( 1824 to 1825 ) . He resigned that position to become Chief Judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals ( the predecessor to the Kentucky Supreme Court ) for the 1825 term during the Old Court - New Court controversy . Although the Old Court party won the 1826 elections , Barry ran for Governor of Kentucky in 1828 . Barry became U.S . Postmaster General in Andrew Jacksons administration , serving from 1829 to 1835 . He was the only member of Jacksons original Cabinet not to resign as a result of the Petticoat Affair , which involved the social ostracism of Margaret ONeill Eaton , the wife of Secretary of War John H . Eaton by a coalition of Cabinet members wives led by Second Lady Floride Calhoun . Barry , like Jackson , had sided with the Eatons . Appointments and awards . He was appointed ambassador to Spain , but died before he could take office en route to his post , while stopped in Liverpool , England August 30 , 1835 . He was originally interred and a cenotaph still stands at St . Jamess Cemetery , Liverpool , England ; he was reinterred in 1854 at Frankfort Cemetery , Frankfort , Kentucky . Barry County , Michigan , Barry County , Missouri , Barry , Missouri , Barrytown Barrytown , New York and Barryville , New York are named in his honor . Societies . During the 1820s , Barry was a member of the prestigious society , Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences , who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day , including well-known representatives of the military , government service , medical , and other professions . Personal . Barry was an uncle to Kentucky Governor Luke P . Blackburn . External links . - William T . Barry at Find A Grave
|
[
"member of the U.S . House of Representatives"
] |
[
{
"text": " William Taylor Barry ( February 5 , 1784 – August 30 , 1835 ) was an American statesman and jurist . He served as Postmaster General for most of the administration of President Andrew Jackson and was the only Cabinet member not to resign in 1831 as a result of the Petticoat affair .",
"title": "William T . Barry"
},
{
"text": " Born near Lunenburg , Virginia , he moved to Fayette County , Kentucky , in 1796 with his parents John Barry , an American Revolutionary War veteran , and Susannah ( Dozier ) Barry . He attended the common schools , Pisgah Academy and Kentucky Academy in Woodford County , Transylvania University at Lexington and graduated from the College of William & Mary at Williamsburg , Virginia in 1803 , after which studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1805 . He commenced practice at Jessamine County , Kentucky and then at Lexington .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1807 , Barry became a member of the U.S . House of Representatives from 1810 to 1811 , then served in the War of 1812 . From 1815 to 1816 , he became a U.S . Senator from Kentucky , then won election to the Kentucky Senate and served from 1817 to 1821 . During his time in the Kentucky Senate Barry wrote to former President James Madison seeking support for a plan of subsidizing public education across the state ; Madison responded enthusiastically and included in his letter of August 4",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": ", 1822 the often-cited observation : A popular Government , without popular information or the means of acquiring it , is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy ; or , perhaps both .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": "Meanwhile , Kentucky suffered from the Panic of 1819 and Barry became a leading figure in the debt relief party , which was successful in the elections between 1820 and 1824 , although less successful when creditors challenged the relief laws in the courts . As a lawyer , Barrry argued in support of those laws , which the Kentucky Court of Appeals overturned in 1823 . Barry also became the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky ( 1820 to 1824 ) , then served as Secretary of State of Kentucky ( 1824 to 1825 ) . He resigned that position",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": "to become Chief Judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals ( the predecessor to the Kentucky Supreme Court ) for the 1825 term during the Old Court - New Court controversy . Although the Old Court party won the 1826 elections , Barry ran for Governor of Kentucky in 1828 .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": " Barry became U.S . Postmaster General in Andrew Jacksons administration , serving from 1829 to 1835 . He was the only member of Jacksons original Cabinet not to resign as a result of the Petticoat Affair , which involved the social ostracism of Margaret ONeill Eaton , the wife of Secretary of War John H . Eaton by a coalition of Cabinet members wives led by Second Lady Floride Calhoun . Barry , like Jackson , had sided with the Eatons .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": " He was appointed ambassador to Spain , but died before he could take office en route to his post , while stopped in Liverpool , England August 30 , 1835 . He was originally interred and a cenotaph still stands at St . Jamess Cemetery , Liverpool , England ; he was reinterred in 1854 at Frankfort Cemetery , Frankfort , Kentucky . Barry County , Michigan , Barry County , Missouri , Barry , Missouri , Barrytown Barrytown , New York and Barryville , New York are named in his honor .",
"title": "Appointments and awards"
},
{
"text": " During the 1820s , Barry was a member of the prestigious society , Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences , who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day , including well-known representatives of the military , government service , medical , and other professions .",
"title": "Societies"
},
{
"text": " - William T . Barry at Find A Grave",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/William_T._Barry#P39#1
|
William T. Barry took which position between Jul 1815 and Feb 1816?
|
William T . Barry William Taylor Barry ( February 5 , 1784 – August 30 , 1835 ) was an American statesman and jurist . He served as Postmaster General for most of the administration of President Andrew Jackson and was the only Cabinet member not to resign in 1831 as a result of the Petticoat affair . History . Born near Lunenburg , Virginia , he moved to Fayette County , Kentucky , in 1796 with his parents John Barry , an American Revolutionary War veteran , and Susannah ( Dozier ) Barry . He attended the common schools , Pisgah Academy and Kentucky Academy in Woodford County , Transylvania University at Lexington and graduated from the College of William & Mary at Williamsburg , Virginia in 1803 , after which studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1805 . He commenced practice at Jessamine County , Kentucky and then at Lexington . Political life . Elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1807 , Barry became a member of the U.S . House of Representatives from 1810 to 1811 , then served in the War of 1812 . From 1815 to 1816 , he became a U.S . Senator from Kentucky , then won election to the Kentucky Senate and served from 1817 to 1821 . During his time in the Kentucky Senate Barry wrote to former President James Madison seeking support for a plan of subsidizing public education across the state ; Madison responded enthusiastically and included in his letter of August 4 , 1822 the often-cited observation : A popular Government , without popular information or the means of acquiring it , is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy ; or , perhaps both . Meanwhile , Kentucky suffered from the Panic of 1819 and Barry became a leading figure in the debt relief party , which was successful in the elections between 1820 and 1824 , although less successful when creditors challenged the relief laws in the courts . As a lawyer , Barrry argued in support of those laws , which the Kentucky Court of Appeals overturned in 1823 . Barry also became the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky ( 1820 to 1824 ) , then served as Secretary of State of Kentucky ( 1824 to 1825 ) . He resigned that position to become Chief Judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals ( the predecessor to the Kentucky Supreme Court ) for the 1825 term during the Old Court - New Court controversy . Although the Old Court party won the 1826 elections , Barry ran for Governor of Kentucky in 1828 . Barry became U.S . Postmaster General in Andrew Jacksons administration , serving from 1829 to 1835 . He was the only member of Jacksons original Cabinet not to resign as a result of the Petticoat Affair , which involved the social ostracism of Margaret ONeill Eaton , the wife of Secretary of War John H . Eaton by a coalition of Cabinet members wives led by Second Lady Floride Calhoun . Barry , like Jackson , had sided with the Eatons . Appointments and awards . He was appointed ambassador to Spain , but died before he could take office en route to his post , while stopped in Liverpool , England August 30 , 1835 . He was originally interred and a cenotaph still stands at St . Jamess Cemetery , Liverpool , England ; he was reinterred in 1854 at Frankfort Cemetery , Frankfort , Kentucky . Barry County , Michigan , Barry County , Missouri , Barry , Missouri , Barrytown Barrytown , New York and Barryville , New York are named in his honor . Societies . During the 1820s , Barry was a member of the prestigious society , Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences , who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day , including well-known representatives of the military , government service , medical , and other professions . Personal . Barry was an uncle to Kentucky Governor Luke P . Blackburn . External links . - William T . Barry at Find A Grave
|
[
"U.S . Senator from Kentucky"
] |
[
{
"text": " William Taylor Barry ( February 5 , 1784 – August 30 , 1835 ) was an American statesman and jurist . He served as Postmaster General for most of the administration of President Andrew Jackson and was the only Cabinet member not to resign in 1831 as a result of the Petticoat affair .",
"title": "William T . Barry"
},
{
"text": " Born near Lunenburg , Virginia , he moved to Fayette County , Kentucky , in 1796 with his parents John Barry , an American Revolutionary War veteran , and Susannah ( Dozier ) Barry . He attended the common schools , Pisgah Academy and Kentucky Academy in Woodford County , Transylvania University at Lexington and graduated from the College of William & Mary at Williamsburg , Virginia in 1803 , after which studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1805 . He commenced practice at Jessamine County , Kentucky and then at Lexington .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1807 , Barry became a member of the U.S . House of Representatives from 1810 to 1811 , then served in the War of 1812 . From 1815 to 1816 , he became a U.S . Senator from Kentucky , then won election to the Kentucky Senate and served from 1817 to 1821 . During his time in the Kentucky Senate Barry wrote to former President James Madison seeking support for a plan of subsidizing public education across the state ; Madison responded enthusiastically and included in his letter of August 4",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": ", 1822 the often-cited observation : A popular Government , without popular information or the means of acquiring it , is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy ; or , perhaps both .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": "Meanwhile , Kentucky suffered from the Panic of 1819 and Barry became a leading figure in the debt relief party , which was successful in the elections between 1820 and 1824 , although less successful when creditors challenged the relief laws in the courts . As a lawyer , Barrry argued in support of those laws , which the Kentucky Court of Appeals overturned in 1823 . Barry also became the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky ( 1820 to 1824 ) , then served as Secretary of State of Kentucky ( 1824 to 1825 ) . He resigned that position",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": "to become Chief Judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals ( the predecessor to the Kentucky Supreme Court ) for the 1825 term during the Old Court - New Court controversy . Although the Old Court party won the 1826 elections , Barry ran for Governor of Kentucky in 1828 .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": " Barry became U.S . Postmaster General in Andrew Jacksons administration , serving from 1829 to 1835 . He was the only member of Jacksons original Cabinet not to resign as a result of the Petticoat Affair , which involved the social ostracism of Margaret ONeill Eaton , the wife of Secretary of War John H . Eaton by a coalition of Cabinet members wives led by Second Lady Floride Calhoun . Barry , like Jackson , had sided with the Eatons .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": " He was appointed ambassador to Spain , but died before he could take office en route to his post , while stopped in Liverpool , England August 30 , 1835 . He was originally interred and a cenotaph still stands at St . Jamess Cemetery , Liverpool , England ; he was reinterred in 1854 at Frankfort Cemetery , Frankfort , Kentucky . Barry County , Michigan , Barry County , Missouri , Barry , Missouri , Barrytown Barrytown , New York and Barryville , New York are named in his honor .",
"title": "Appointments and awards"
},
{
"text": " During the 1820s , Barry was a member of the prestigious society , Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences , who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day , including well-known representatives of the military , government service , medical , and other professions .",
"title": "Societies"
},
{
"text": " - William T . Barry at Find A Grave",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/William_T._Barry#P39#2
|
William T. Barry took which position in Jul 1823?
|
William T . Barry William Taylor Barry ( February 5 , 1784 – August 30 , 1835 ) was an American statesman and jurist . He served as Postmaster General for most of the administration of President Andrew Jackson and was the only Cabinet member not to resign in 1831 as a result of the Petticoat affair . History . Born near Lunenburg , Virginia , he moved to Fayette County , Kentucky , in 1796 with his parents John Barry , an American Revolutionary War veteran , and Susannah ( Dozier ) Barry . He attended the common schools , Pisgah Academy and Kentucky Academy in Woodford County , Transylvania University at Lexington and graduated from the College of William & Mary at Williamsburg , Virginia in 1803 , after which studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1805 . He commenced practice at Jessamine County , Kentucky and then at Lexington . Political life . Elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1807 , Barry became a member of the U.S . House of Representatives from 1810 to 1811 , then served in the War of 1812 . From 1815 to 1816 , he became a U.S . Senator from Kentucky , then won election to the Kentucky Senate and served from 1817 to 1821 . During his time in the Kentucky Senate Barry wrote to former President James Madison seeking support for a plan of subsidizing public education across the state ; Madison responded enthusiastically and included in his letter of August 4 , 1822 the often-cited observation : A popular Government , without popular information or the means of acquiring it , is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy ; or , perhaps both . Meanwhile , Kentucky suffered from the Panic of 1819 and Barry became a leading figure in the debt relief party , which was successful in the elections between 1820 and 1824 , although less successful when creditors challenged the relief laws in the courts . As a lawyer , Barrry argued in support of those laws , which the Kentucky Court of Appeals overturned in 1823 . Barry also became the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky ( 1820 to 1824 ) , then served as Secretary of State of Kentucky ( 1824 to 1825 ) . He resigned that position to become Chief Judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals ( the predecessor to the Kentucky Supreme Court ) for the 1825 term during the Old Court - New Court controversy . Although the Old Court party won the 1826 elections , Barry ran for Governor of Kentucky in 1828 . Barry became U.S . Postmaster General in Andrew Jacksons administration , serving from 1829 to 1835 . He was the only member of Jacksons original Cabinet not to resign as a result of the Petticoat Affair , which involved the social ostracism of Margaret ONeill Eaton , the wife of Secretary of War John H . Eaton by a coalition of Cabinet members wives led by Second Lady Floride Calhoun . Barry , like Jackson , had sided with the Eatons . Appointments and awards . He was appointed ambassador to Spain , but died before he could take office en route to his post , while stopped in Liverpool , England August 30 , 1835 . He was originally interred and a cenotaph still stands at St . Jamess Cemetery , Liverpool , England ; he was reinterred in 1854 at Frankfort Cemetery , Frankfort , Kentucky . Barry County , Michigan , Barry County , Missouri , Barry , Missouri , Barrytown Barrytown , New York and Barryville , New York are named in his honor . Societies . During the 1820s , Barry was a member of the prestigious society , Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences , who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day , including well-known representatives of the military , government service , medical , and other professions . Personal . Barry was an uncle to Kentucky Governor Luke P . Blackburn . External links . - William T . Barry at Find A Grave
|
[
"sixth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky"
] |
[
{
"text": " William Taylor Barry ( February 5 , 1784 – August 30 , 1835 ) was an American statesman and jurist . He served as Postmaster General for most of the administration of President Andrew Jackson and was the only Cabinet member not to resign in 1831 as a result of the Petticoat affair .",
"title": "William T . Barry"
},
{
"text": " Born near Lunenburg , Virginia , he moved to Fayette County , Kentucky , in 1796 with his parents John Barry , an American Revolutionary War veteran , and Susannah ( Dozier ) Barry . He attended the common schools , Pisgah Academy and Kentucky Academy in Woodford County , Transylvania University at Lexington and graduated from the College of William & Mary at Williamsburg , Virginia in 1803 , after which studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1805 . He commenced practice at Jessamine County , Kentucky and then at Lexington .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1807 , Barry became a member of the U.S . House of Representatives from 1810 to 1811 , then served in the War of 1812 . From 1815 to 1816 , he became a U.S . Senator from Kentucky , then won election to the Kentucky Senate and served from 1817 to 1821 . During his time in the Kentucky Senate Barry wrote to former President James Madison seeking support for a plan of subsidizing public education across the state ; Madison responded enthusiastically and included in his letter of August 4",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": ", 1822 the often-cited observation : A popular Government , without popular information or the means of acquiring it , is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy ; or , perhaps both .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": "Meanwhile , Kentucky suffered from the Panic of 1819 and Barry became a leading figure in the debt relief party , which was successful in the elections between 1820 and 1824 , although less successful when creditors challenged the relief laws in the courts . As a lawyer , Barrry argued in support of those laws , which the Kentucky Court of Appeals overturned in 1823 . Barry also became the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky ( 1820 to 1824 ) , then served as Secretary of State of Kentucky ( 1824 to 1825 ) . He resigned that position",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": "to become Chief Judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals ( the predecessor to the Kentucky Supreme Court ) for the 1825 term during the Old Court - New Court controversy . Although the Old Court party won the 1826 elections , Barry ran for Governor of Kentucky in 1828 .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": " Barry became U.S . Postmaster General in Andrew Jacksons administration , serving from 1829 to 1835 . He was the only member of Jacksons original Cabinet not to resign as a result of the Petticoat Affair , which involved the social ostracism of Margaret ONeill Eaton , the wife of Secretary of War John H . Eaton by a coalition of Cabinet members wives led by Second Lady Floride Calhoun . Barry , like Jackson , had sided with the Eatons .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": " He was appointed ambassador to Spain , but died before he could take office en route to his post , while stopped in Liverpool , England August 30 , 1835 . He was originally interred and a cenotaph still stands at St . Jamess Cemetery , Liverpool , England ; he was reinterred in 1854 at Frankfort Cemetery , Frankfort , Kentucky . Barry County , Michigan , Barry County , Missouri , Barry , Missouri , Barrytown Barrytown , New York and Barryville , New York are named in his honor .",
"title": "Appointments and awards"
},
{
"text": " During the 1820s , Barry was a member of the prestigious society , Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences , who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day , including well-known representatives of the military , government service , medical , and other professions .",
"title": "Societies"
},
{
"text": " - William T . Barry at Find A Grave",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/William_T._Barry#P39#3
|
William T. Barry took which position between Oct 1824 and Nov 1824?
|
William T . Barry William Taylor Barry ( February 5 , 1784 – August 30 , 1835 ) was an American statesman and jurist . He served as Postmaster General for most of the administration of President Andrew Jackson and was the only Cabinet member not to resign in 1831 as a result of the Petticoat affair . History . Born near Lunenburg , Virginia , he moved to Fayette County , Kentucky , in 1796 with his parents John Barry , an American Revolutionary War veteran , and Susannah ( Dozier ) Barry . He attended the common schools , Pisgah Academy and Kentucky Academy in Woodford County , Transylvania University at Lexington and graduated from the College of William & Mary at Williamsburg , Virginia in 1803 , after which studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1805 . He commenced practice at Jessamine County , Kentucky and then at Lexington . Political life . Elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1807 , Barry became a member of the U.S . House of Representatives from 1810 to 1811 , then served in the War of 1812 . From 1815 to 1816 , he became a U.S . Senator from Kentucky , then won election to the Kentucky Senate and served from 1817 to 1821 . During his time in the Kentucky Senate Barry wrote to former President James Madison seeking support for a plan of subsidizing public education across the state ; Madison responded enthusiastically and included in his letter of August 4 , 1822 the often-cited observation : A popular Government , without popular information or the means of acquiring it , is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy ; or , perhaps both . Meanwhile , Kentucky suffered from the Panic of 1819 and Barry became a leading figure in the debt relief party , which was successful in the elections between 1820 and 1824 , although less successful when creditors challenged the relief laws in the courts . As a lawyer , Barrry argued in support of those laws , which the Kentucky Court of Appeals overturned in 1823 . Barry also became the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky ( 1820 to 1824 ) , then served as Secretary of State of Kentucky ( 1824 to 1825 ) . He resigned that position to become Chief Judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals ( the predecessor to the Kentucky Supreme Court ) for the 1825 term during the Old Court - New Court controversy . Although the Old Court party won the 1826 elections , Barry ran for Governor of Kentucky in 1828 . Barry became U.S . Postmaster General in Andrew Jacksons administration , serving from 1829 to 1835 . He was the only member of Jacksons original Cabinet not to resign as a result of the Petticoat Affair , which involved the social ostracism of Margaret ONeill Eaton , the wife of Secretary of War John H . Eaton by a coalition of Cabinet members wives led by Second Lady Floride Calhoun . Barry , like Jackson , had sided with the Eatons . Appointments and awards . He was appointed ambassador to Spain , but died before he could take office en route to his post , while stopped in Liverpool , England August 30 , 1835 . He was originally interred and a cenotaph still stands at St . Jamess Cemetery , Liverpool , England ; he was reinterred in 1854 at Frankfort Cemetery , Frankfort , Kentucky . Barry County , Michigan , Barry County , Missouri , Barry , Missouri , Barrytown Barrytown , New York and Barryville , New York are named in his honor . Societies . During the 1820s , Barry was a member of the prestigious society , Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences , who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day , including well-known representatives of the military , government service , medical , and other professions . Personal . Barry was an uncle to Kentucky Governor Luke P . Blackburn . External links . - William T . Barry at Find A Grave
|
[
"Secretary of State of Kentucky"
] |
[
{
"text": " William Taylor Barry ( February 5 , 1784 – August 30 , 1835 ) was an American statesman and jurist . He served as Postmaster General for most of the administration of President Andrew Jackson and was the only Cabinet member not to resign in 1831 as a result of the Petticoat affair .",
"title": "William T . Barry"
},
{
"text": " Born near Lunenburg , Virginia , he moved to Fayette County , Kentucky , in 1796 with his parents John Barry , an American Revolutionary War veteran , and Susannah ( Dozier ) Barry . He attended the common schools , Pisgah Academy and Kentucky Academy in Woodford County , Transylvania University at Lexington and graduated from the College of William & Mary at Williamsburg , Virginia in 1803 , after which studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1805 . He commenced practice at Jessamine County , Kentucky and then at Lexington .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1807 , Barry became a member of the U.S . House of Representatives from 1810 to 1811 , then served in the War of 1812 . From 1815 to 1816 , he became a U.S . Senator from Kentucky , then won election to the Kentucky Senate and served from 1817 to 1821 . During his time in the Kentucky Senate Barry wrote to former President James Madison seeking support for a plan of subsidizing public education across the state ; Madison responded enthusiastically and included in his letter of August 4",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": ", 1822 the often-cited observation : A popular Government , without popular information or the means of acquiring it , is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy ; or , perhaps both .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": "Meanwhile , Kentucky suffered from the Panic of 1819 and Barry became a leading figure in the debt relief party , which was successful in the elections between 1820 and 1824 , although less successful when creditors challenged the relief laws in the courts . As a lawyer , Barrry argued in support of those laws , which the Kentucky Court of Appeals overturned in 1823 . Barry also became the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky ( 1820 to 1824 ) , then served as Secretary of State of Kentucky ( 1824 to 1825 ) . He resigned that position",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": "to become Chief Judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals ( the predecessor to the Kentucky Supreme Court ) for the 1825 term during the Old Court - New Court controversy . Although the Old Court party won the 1826 elections , Barry ran for Governor of Kentucky in 1828 .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": " Barry became U.S . Postmaster General in Andrew Jacksons administration , serving from 1829 to 1835 . He was the only member of Jacksons original Cabinet not to resign as a result of the Petticoat Affair , which involved the social ostracism of Margaret ONeill Eaton , the wife of Secretary of War John H . Eaton by a coalition of Cabinet members wives led by Second Lady Floride Calhoun . Barry , like Jackson , had sided with the Eatons .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": " He was appointed ambassador to Spain , but died before he could take office en route to his post , while stopped in Liverpool , England August 30 , 1835 . He was originally interred and a cenotaph still stands at St . Jamess Cemetery , Liverpool , England ; he was reinterred in 1854 at Frankfort Cemetery , Frankfort , Kentucky . Barry County , Michigan , Barry County , Missouri , Barry , Missouri , Barrytown Barrytown , New York and Barryville , New York are named in his honor .",
"title": "Appointments and awards"
},
{
"text": " During the 1820s , Barry was a member of the prestigious society , Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences , who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day , including well-known representatives of the military , government service , medical , and other professions .",
"title": "Societies"
},
{
"text": " - William T . Barry at Find A Grave",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/William_T._Barry#P39#4
|
William T. Barry took which position between Jan 1830 and Dec 1831?
|
William T . Barry William Taylor Barry ( February 5 , 1784 – August 30 , 1835 ) was an American statesman and jurist . He served as Postmaster General for most of the administration of President Andrew Jackson and was the only Cabinet member not to resign in 1831 as a result of the Petticoat affair . History . Born near Lunenburg , Virginia , he moved to Fayette County , Kentucky , in 1796 with his parents John Barry , an American Revolutionary War veteran , and Susannah ( Dozier ) Barry . He attended the common schools , Pisgah Academy and Kentucky Academy in Woodford County , Transylvania University at Lexington and graduated from the College of William & Mary at Williamsburg , Virginia in 1803 , after which studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1805 . He commenced practice at Jessamine County , Kentucky and then at Lexington . Political life . Elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1807 , Barry became a member of the U.S . House of Representatives from 1810 to 1811 , then served in the War of 1812 . From 1815 to 1816 , he became a U.S . Senator from Kentucky , then won election to the Kentucky Senate and served from 1817 to 1821 . During his time in the Kentucky Senate Barry wrote to former President James Madison seeking support for a plan of subsidizing public education across the state ; Madison responded enthusiastically and included in his letter of August 4 , 1822 the often-cited observation : A popular Government , without popular information or the means of acquiring it , is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy ; or , perhaps both . Meanwhile , Kentucky suffered from the Panic of 1819 and Barry became a leading figure in the debt relief party , which was successful in the elections between 1820 and 1824 , although less successful when creditors challenged the relief laws in the courts . As a lawyer , Barrry argued in support of those laws , which the Kentucky Court of Appeals overturned in 1823 . Barry also became the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky ( 1820 to 1824 ) , then served as Secretary of State of Kentucky ( 1824 to 1825 ) . He resigned that position to become Chief Judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals ( the predecessor to the Kentucky Supreme Court ) for the 1825 term during the Old Court - New Court controversy . Although the Old Court party won the 1826 elections , Barry ran for Governor of Kentucky in 1828 . Barry became U.S . Postmaster General in Andrew Jacksons administration , serving from 1829 to 1835 . He was the only member of Jacksons original Cabinet not to resign as a result of the Petticoat Affair , which involved the social ostracism of Margaret ONeill Eaton , the wife of Secretary of War John H . Eaton by a coalition of Cabinet members wives led by Second Lady Floride Calhoun . Barry , like Jackson , had sided with the Eatons . Appointments and awards . He was appointed ambassador to Spain , but died before he could take office en route to his post , while stopped in Liverpool , England August 30 , 1835 . He was originally interred and a cenotaph still stands at St . Jamess Cemetery , Liverpool , England ; he was reinterred in 1854 at Frankfort Cemetery , Frankfort , Kentucky . Barry County , Michigan , Barry County , Missouri , Barry , Missouri , Barrytown Barrytown , New York and Barryville , New York are named in his honor . Societies . During the 1820s , Barry was a member of the prestigious society , Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences , who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day , including well-known representatives of the military , government service , medical , and other professions . Personal . Barry was an uncle to Kentucky Governor Luke P . Blackburn . External links . - William T . Barry at Find A Grave
|
[
"U.S . Postmaster General"
] |
[
{
"text": " William Taylor Barry ( February 5 , 1784 – August 30 , 1835 ) was an American statesman and jurist . He served as Postmaster General for most of the administration of President Andrew Jackson and was the only Cabinet member not to resign in 1831 as a result of the Petticoat affair .",
"title": "William T . Barry"
},
{
"text": " Born near Lunenburg , Virginia , he moved to Fayette County , Kentucky , in 1796 with his parents John Barry , an American Revolutionary War veteran , and Susannah ( Dozier ) Barry . He attended the common schools , Pisgah Academy and Kentucky Academy in Woodford County , Transylvania University at Lexington and graduated from the College of William & Mary at Williamsburg , Virginia in 1803 , after which studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1805 . He commenced practice at Jessamine County , Kentucky and then at Lexington .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1807 , Barry became a member of the U.S . House of Representatives from 1810 to 1811 , then served in the War of 1812 . From 1815 to 1816 , he became a U.S . Senator from Kentucky , then won election to the Kentucky Senate and served from 1817 to 1821 . During his time in the Kentucky Senate Barry wrote to former President James Madison seeking support for a plan of subsidizing public education across the state ; Madison responded enthusiastically and included in his letter of August 4",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": ", 1822 the often-cited observation : A popular Government , without popular information or the means of acquiring it , is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy ; or , perhaps both .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": "Meanwhile , Kentucky suffered from the Panic of 1819 and Barry became a leading figure in the debt relief party , which was successful in the elections between 1820 and 1824 , although less successful when creditors challenged the relief laws in the courts . As a lawyer , Barrry argued in support of those laws , which the Kentucky Court of Appeals overturned in 1823 . Barry also became the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky ( 1820 to 1824 ) , then served as Secretary of State of Kentucky ( 1824 to 1825 ) . He resigned that position",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": "to become Chief Judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals ( the predecessor to the Kentucky Supreme Court ) for the 1825 term during the Old Court - New Court controversy . Although the Old Court party won the 1826 elections , Barry ran for Governor of Kentucky in 1828 .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": " Barry became U.S . Postmaster General in Andrew Jacksons administration , serving from 1829 to 1835 . He was the only member of Jacksons original Cabinet not to resign as a result of the Petticoat Affair , which involved the social ostracism of Margaret ONeill Eaton , the wife of Secretary of War John H . Eaton by a coalition of Cabinet members wives led by Second Lady Floride Calhoun . Barry , like Jackson , had sided with the Eatons .",
"title": "Political life"
},
{
"text": " He was appointed ambassador to Spain , but died before he could take office en route to his post , while stopped in Liverpool , England August 30 , 1835 . He was originally interred and a cenotaph still stands at St . Jamess Cemetery , Liverpool , England ; he was reinterred in 1854 at Frankfort Cemetery , Frankfort , Kentucky . Barry County , Michigan , Barry County , Missouri , Barry , Missouri , Barrytown Barrytown , New York and Barryville , New York are named in his honor .",
"title": "Appointments and awards"
},
{
"text": " During the 1820s , Barry was a member of the prestigious society , Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences , who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day , including well-known representatives of the military , government service , medical , and other professions .",
"title": "Societies"
},
{
"text": " - William T . Barry at Find A Grave",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Hjalmar_Hammarskjöld#P463#0
|
Hjalmar Hammarskjöld became a member of what organization or association in May 1918?
|
Hjalmar Hammarskjöld Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskjöld ( ; 4 February 1862 – 12 October 1953 ) was a Swedish politician , scholar , cabinet minister , Member of Parliament from 1923 to 1938 ( first chamber ) , and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917 . In 1890 , he married Agnes Maria Carolina Almquist ( Stockholm , 15 January 1866 – Stockholm , 21 January 1940 ) . The couple had four sons : , Åke , Sten and Dag . Life and work . The son of Knut Vilhelm Hammarskjöld , a noble , lieutenant and landowner ( descendant in female line of a bastard daughter of Eric XIV of Sweden ) , and wife Maria Lovisa Cecilia Vilhelmina Cöster , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld was born into the Hammarskjöld family in Tuna , Vimmerby , Kalmar County . He was a versatile legal expert and prominent as both a scholar and as a legislator . In 1891 he became a professor in Uppsala University and had a great influence on Swedish and Nordic civil law . He laid the foundation for his reputation as a great expert in international law at the same time through diligent work in international meetings , and became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1904 at The Hague . As Minister of Justice from 1901 to 1902 in Fredrik von Otters government he made an ambitious but unsuccessful attempt to resolve the problems concerning the right to vote , and was , on his resignation , appointed president of the Göta court of appeal . In connection with the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway , he was minister of ecclesiastical affairs in Christian Lundebergs coalition government and negotiator in Karlstad . In 1905 he was appointed to be the Swedish ambassador to Copenhagen . He returned in 1907 to Uppsala as county governor of Uppsala , but often took leave of absence for various other assignments . After the peasant armament support march ( Swedish : bondetåget ) and the resignation of the liberal government , he became head of a non-parliamentarian government in 1914 , tasked with solving defense issues . His courtyard government ( Swedish : borggårdsregering ) was politically independent , but loyal to the king and rather conservative . It was created on an initiative from Arvid Lindman , the leader of the right-wing party in the second chamber , who did not want the king to appoint a cabinet under the leader of the right-wing party in the first chamber , Ernst Trygger . After the outbreak of the First World War that same year , a truce was established between the parties and the defense problem was solved to the satisfaction of the military . Hammarskjöld was principled and inflexible in his interpretations of civil law during the height of the war . It was during this time that the term Hunger shield ( Swedish : Hungerskjöld ) was coined , because his intractability impeded efforts to get necessary food exports into Sweden . He was seen as too friendly towards Germany when he rejected the proposal for a common trade agreement with Great Britain that Marcus Wallenberg , brother of the foreign minister Knut Wallenberg , had brought home from London in 1917 . The split between the PM and the Foreign Minister became apparent and the leaders of the right-wing in the parliament revoked their support for the prime minister , who was forced to submit his resignation . Hammarskjöld had a dominant nature and was perceived by his opponents as authoritarian and strong-willed , but claims that he favoured Germany lack documented support . He had many prestigious assignments , for example chairman of the Nobel Foundation 1929–47 and member of parliament ( independent conservative ) . He was voted into the Swedish Academy in 1918 to the same chair as Prime Minister Louis De Geer had occupied , number 17 . Hammarskjölds son , Dag , inherited the chair , as well as the position , after his death . Hammarskjölds investigations were a major contributing factor to the decision to establish the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden . Hjalmar Hammarskjöld died on 12 October 1953 in Stockholm , just over 6 months after his youngest son became the 2nd Secretary General of the United Nations . Literature . - T . Gihl , The history of Swedish foreign policy 4 ( 1951 ) - D . Hammarskjöld , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld : entry speech in the Swedish Academy ( 1954 ) - W . Carlgren , The minister Hammarskjöld ( 1967 ) - S.A . Söderpalm , The big company owners and the democratic breakthrough ( 1969 )
|
[
"Swedish Academy"
] |
[
{
"text": " Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskjöld ( ; 4 February 1862 – 12 October 1953 ) was a Swedish politician , scholar , cabinet minister , Member of Parliament from 1923 to 1938 ( first chamber ) , and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917 . In 1890 , he married Agnes Maria Carolina Almquist ( Stockholm , 15 January 1866 – Stockholm , 21 January 1940 ) . The couple had four sons : , Åke , Sten and Dag .",
"title": "Hjalmar Hammarskjöld"
},
{
"text": "The son of Knut Vilhelm Hammarskjöld , a noble , lieutenant and landowner ( descendant in female line of a bastard daughter of Eric XIV of Sweden ) , and wife Maria Lovisa Cecilia Vilhelmina Cöster , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld was born into the Hammarskjöld family in Tuna , Vimmerby , Kalmar County . He was a versatile legal expert and prominent as both a scholar and as a legislator . In 1891 he became a professor in Uppsala University and had a great influence on Swedish and Nordic civil law . He laid the foundation for his reputation as a",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "great expert in international law at the same time through diligent work in international meetings , and became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1904 at The Hague .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "As Minister of Justice from 1901 to 1902 in Fredrik von Otters government he made an ambitious but unsuccessful attempt to resolve the problems concerning the right to vote , and was , on his resignation , appointed president of the Göta court of appeal . In connection with the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway , he was minister of ecclesiastical affairs in Christian Lundebergs coalition government and negotiator in Karlstad . In 1905 he was appointed to be the Swedish ambassador to Copenhagen . He returned in 1907 to Uppsala as county governor of Uppsala ,",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "but often took leave of absence for various other assignments .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "After the peasant armament support march ( Swedish : bondetåget ) and the resignation of the liberal government , he became head of a non-parliamentarian government in 1914 , tasked with solving defense issues . His courtyard government ( Swedish : borggårdsregering ) was politically independent , but loyal to the king and rather conservative . It was created on an initiative from Arvid Lindman , the leader of the right-wing party in the second chamber , who did not want the king to appoint a cabinet under the leader of the right-wing party in the first chamber , Ernst",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Trygger .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "After the outbreak of the First World War that same year , a truce was established between the parties and the defense problem was solved to the satisfaction of the military . Hammarskjöld was principled and inflexible in his interpretations of civil law during the height of the war . It was during this time that the term Hunger shield ( Swedish : Hungerskjöld ) was coined , because his intractability impeded efforts to get necessary food exports into Sweden . He was seen as too friendly towards Germany when he rejected the proposal for a common trade agreement with",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Great Britain that Marcus Wallenberg , brother of the foreign minister Knut Wallenberg , had brought home from London in 1917 . The split between the PM and the Foreign Minister became apparent and the leaders of the right-wing in the parliament revoked their support for the prime minister , who was forced to submit his resignation .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Hammarskjöld had a dominant nature and was perceived by his opponents as authoritarian and strong-willed , but claims that he favoured Germany lack documented support . He had many prestigious assignments , for example chairman of the Nobel Foundation 1929–47 and member of parliament ( independent conservative ) . He was voted into the Swedish Academy in 1918 to the same chair as Prime Minister Louis De Geer had occupied , number 17 . Hammarskjölds son , Dag , inherited the chair , as well as the position , after his death . Hammarskjölds investigations were a major contributing factor",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "to the decision to establish the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": " Hjalmar Hammarskjöld died on 12 October 1953 in Stockholm , just over 6 months after his youngest son became the 2nd Secretary General of the United Nations .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": " - T . Gihl , The history of Swedish foreign policy 4 ( 1951 ) - D . Hammarskjöld , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld : entry speech in the Swedish Academy ( 1954 ) - W . Carlgren , The minister Hammarskjöld ( 1967 ) - S.A . Söderpalm , The big company owners and the democratic breakthrough ( 1969 )",
"title": "Literature"
}
] |
/wiki/Hjalmar_Hammarskjöld#P463#1
|
Hjalmar Hammarskjöld became a member of what organization or association in 1913?
|
Hjalmar Hammarskjöld Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskjöld ( ; 4 February 1862 – 12 October 1953 ) was a Swedish politician , scholar , cabinet minister , Member of Parliament from 1923 to 1938 ( first chamber ) , and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917 . In 1890 , he married Agnes Maria Carolina Almquist ( Stockholm , 15 January 1866 – Stockholm , 21 January 1940 ) . The couple had four sons : , Åke , Sten and Dag . Life and work . The son of Knut Vilhelm Hammarskjöld , a noble , lieutenant and landowner ( descendant in female line of a bastard daughter of Eric XIV of Sweden ) , and wife Maria Lovisa Cecilia Vilhelmina Cöster , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld was born into the Hammarskjöld family in Tuna , Vimmerby , Kalmar County . He was a versatile legal expert and prominent as both a scholar and as a legislator . In 1891 he became a professor in Uppsala University and had a great influence on Swedish and Nordic civil law . He laid the foundation for his reputation as a great expert in international law at the same time through diligent work in international meetings , and became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1904 at The Hague . As Minister of Justice from 1901 to 1902 in Fredrik von Otters government he made an ambitious but unsuccessful attempt to resolve the problems concerning the right to vote , and was , on his resignation , appointed president of the Göta court of appeal . In connection with the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway , he was minister of ecclesiastical affairs in Christian Lundebergs coalition government and negotiator in Karlstad . In 1905 he was appointed to be the Swedish ambassador to Copenhagen . He returned in 1907 to Uppsala as county governor of Uppsala , but often took leave of absence for various other assignments . After the peasant armament support march ( Swedish : bondetåget ) and the resignation of the liberal government , he became head of a non-parliamentarian government in 1914 , tasked with solving defense issues . His courtyard government ( Swedish : borggårdsregering ) was politically independent , but loyal to the king and rather conservative . It was created on an initiative from Arvid Lindman , the leader of the right-wing party in the second chamber , who did not want the king to appoint a cabinet under the leader of the right-wing party in the first chamber , Ernst Trygger . After the outbreak of the First World War that same year , a truce was established between the parties and the defense problem was solved to the satisfaction of the military . Hammarskjöld was principled and inflexible in his interpretations of civil law during the height of the war . It was during this time that the term Hunger shield ( Swedish : Hungerskjöld ) was coined , because his intractability impeded efforts to get necessary food exports into Sweden . He was seen as too friendly towards Germany when he rejected the proposal for a common trade agreement with Great Britain that Marcus Wallenberg , brother of the foreign minister Knut Wallenberg , had brought home from London in 1917 . The split between the PM and the Foreign Minister became apparent and the leaders of the right-wing in the parliament revoked their support for the prime minister , who was forced to submit his resignation . Hammarskjöld had a dominant nature and was perceived by his opponents as authoritarian and strong-willed , but claims that he favoured Germany lack documented support . He had many prestigious assignments , for example chairman of the Nobel Foundation 1929–47 and member of parliament ( independent conservative ) . He was voted into the Swedish Academy in 1918 to the same chair as Prime Minister Louis De Geer had occupied , number 17 . Hammarskjölds son , Dag , inherited the chair , as well as the position , after his death . Hammarskjölds investigations were a major contributing factor to the decision to establish the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden . Hjalmar Hammarskjöld died on 12 October 1953 in Stockholm , just over 6 months after his youngest son became the 2nd Secretary General of the United Nations . Literature . - T . Gihl , The history of Swedish foreign policy 4 ( 1951 ) - D . Hammarskjöld , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld : entry speech in the Swedish Academy ( 1954 ) - W . Carlgren , The minister Hammarskjöld ( 1967 ) - S.A . Söderpalm , The big company owners and the democratic breakthrough ( 1969 )
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskjöld ( ; 4 February 1862 – 12 October 1953 ) was a Swedish politician , scholar , cabinet minister , Member of Parliament from 1923 to 1938 ( first chamber ) , and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917 . In 1890 , he married Agnes Maria Carolina Almquist ( Stockholm , 15 January 1866 – Stockholm , 21 January 1940 ) . The couple had four sons : , Åke , Sten and Dag .",
"title": "Hjalmar Hammarskjöld"
},
{
"text": "The son of Knut Vilhelm Hammarskjöld , a noble , lieutenant and landowner ( descendant in female line of a bastard daughter of Eric XIV of Sweden ) , and wife Maria Lovisa Cecilia Vilhelmina Cöster , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld was born into the Hammarskjöld family in Tuna , Vimmerby , Kalmar County . He was a versatile legal expert and prominent as both a scholar and as a legislator . In 1891 he became a professor in Uppsala University and had a great influence on Swedish and Nordic civil law . He laid the foundation for his reputation as a",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "great expert in international law at the same time through diligent work in international meetings , and became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1904 at The Hague .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "As Minister of Justice from 1901 to 1902 in Fredrik von Otters government he made an ambitious but unsuccessful attempt to resolve the problems concerning the right to vote , and was , on his resignation , appointed president of the Göta court of appeal . In connection with the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway , he was minister of ecclesiastical affairs in Christian Lundebergs coalition government and negotiator in Karlstad . In 1905 he was appointed to be the Swedish ambassador to Copenhagen . He returned in 1907 to Uppsala as county governor of Uppsala ,",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "but often took leave of absence for various other assignments .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "After the peasant armament support march ( Swedish : bondetåget ) and the resignation of the liberal government , he became head of a non-parliamentarian government in 1914 , tasked with solving defense issues . His courtyard government ( Swedish : borggårdsregering ) was politically independent , but loyal to the king and rather conservative . It was created on an initiative from Arvid Lindman , the leader of the right-wing party in the second chamber , who did not want the king to appoint a cabinet under the leader of the right-wing party in the first chamber , Ernst",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Trygger .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "After the outbreak of the First World War that same year , a truce was established between the parties and the defense problem was solved to the satisfaction of the military . Hammarskjöld was principled and inflexible in his interpretations of civil law during the height of the war . It was during this time that the term Hunger shield ( Swedish : Hungerskjöld ) was coined , because his intractability impeded efforts to get necessary food exports into Sweden . He was seen as too friendly towards Germany when he rejected the proposal for a common trade agreement with",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Great Britain that Marcus Wallenberg , brother of the foreign minister Knut Wallenberg , had brought home from London in 1917 . The split between the PM and the Foreign Minister became apparent and the leaders of the right-wing in the parliament revoked their support for the prime minister , who was forced to submit his resignation .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Hammarskjöld had a dominant nature and was perceived by his opponents as authoritarian and strong-willed , but claims that he favoured Germany lack documented support . He had many prestigious assignments , for example chairman of the Nobel Foundation 1929–47 and member of parliament ( independent conservative ) . He was voted into the Swedish Academy in 1918 to the same chair as Prime Minister Louis De Geer had occupied , number 17 . Hammarskjölds son , Dag , inherited the chair , as well as the position , after his death . Hammarskjölds investigations were a major contributing factor",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "to the decision to establish the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": " Hjalmar Hammarskjöld died on 12 October 1953 in Stockholm , just over 6 months after his youngest son became the 2nd Secretary General of the United Nations .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": " - T . Gihl , The history of Swedish foreign policy 4 ( 1951 ) - D . Hammarskjöld , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld : entry speech in the Swedish Academy ( 1954 ) - W . Carlgren , The minister Hammarskjöld ( 1967 ) - S.A . Söderpalm , The big company owners and the democratic breakthrough ( 1969 )",
"title": "Literature"
}
] |
/wiki/Hjalmar_Hammarskjöld#P463#2
|
Hjalmar Hammarskjöld became a member of what organization or association in 1917?
|
Hjalmar Hammarskjöld Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskjöld ( ; 4 February 1862 – 12 October 1953 ) was a Swedish politician , scholar , cabinet minister , Member of Parliament from 1923 to 1938 ( first chamber ) , and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917 . In 1890 , he married Agnes Maria Carolina Almquist ( Stockholm , 15 January 1866 – Stockholm , 21 January 1940 ) . The couple had four sons : , Åke , Sten and Dag . Life and work . The son of Knut Vilhelm Hammarskjöld , a noble , lieutenant and landowner ( descendant in female line of a bastard daughter of Eric XIV of Sweden ) , and wife Maria Lovisa Cecilia Vilhelmina Cöster , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld was born into the Hammarskjöld family in Tuna , Vimmerby , Kalmar County . He was a versatile legal expert and prominent as both a scholar and as a legislator . In 1891 he became a professor in Uppsala University and had a great influence on Swedish and Nordic civil law . He laid the foundation for his reputation as a great expert in international law at the same time through diligent work in international meetings , and became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1904 at The Hague . As Minister of Justice from 1901 to 1902 in Fredrik von Otters government he made an ambitious but unsuccessful attempt to resolve the problems concerning the right to vote , and was , on his resignation , appointed president of the Göta court of appeal . In connection with the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway , he was minister of ecclesiastical affairs in Christian Lundebergs coalition government and negotiator in Karlstad . In 1905 he was appointed to be the Swedish ambassador to Copenhagen . He returned in 1907 to Uppsala as county governor of Uppsala , but often took leave of absence for various other assignments . After the peasant armament support march ( Swedish : bondetåget ) and the resignation of the liberal government , he became head of a non-parliamentarian government in 1914 , tasked with solving defense issues . His courtyard government ( Swedish : borggårdsregering ) was politically independent , but loyal to the king and rather conservative . It was created on an initiative from Arvid Lindman , the leader of the right-wing party in the second chamber , who did not want the king to appoint a cabinet under the leader of the right-wing party in the first chamber , Ernst Trygger . After the outbreak of the First World War that same year , a truce was established between the parties and the defense problem was solved to the satisfaction of the military . Hammarskjöld was principled and inflexible in his interpretations of civil law during the height of the war . It was during this time that the term Hunger shield ( Swedish : Hungerskjöld ) was coined , because his intractability impeded efforts to get necessary food exports into Sweden . He was seen as too friendly towards Germany when he rejected the proposal for a common trade agreement with Great Britain that Marcus Wallenberg , brother of the foreign minister Knut Wallenberg , had brought home from London in 1917 . The split between the PM and the Foreign Minister became apparent and the leaders of the right-wing in the parliament revoked their support for the prime minister , who was forced to submit his resignation . Hammarskjöld had a dominant nature and was perceived by his opponents as authoritarian and strong-willed , but claims that he favoured Germany lack documented support . He had many prestigious assignments , for example chairman of the Nobel Foundation 1929–47 and member of parliament ( independent conservative ) . He was voted into the Swedish Academy in 1918 to the same chair as Prime Minister Louis De Geer had occupied , number 17 . Hammarskjölds son , Dag , inherited the chair , as well as the position , after his death . Hammarskjölds investigations were a major contributing factor to the decision to establish the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden . Hjalmar Hammarskjöld died on 12 October 1953 in Stockholm , just over 6 months after his youngest son became the 2nd Secretary General of the United Nations . Literature . - T . Gihl , The history of Swedish foreign policy 4 ( 1951 ) - D . Hammarskjöld , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld : entry speech in the Swedish Academy ( 1954 ) - W . Carlgren , The minister Hammarskjöld ( 1967 ) - S.A . Söderpalm , The big company owners and the democratic breakthrough ( 1969 )
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskjöld ( ; 4 February 1862 – 12 October 1953 ) was a Swedish politician , scholar , cabinet minister , Member of Parliament from 1923 to 1938 ( first chamber ) , and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917 . In 1890 , he married Agnes Maria Carolina Almquist ( Stockholm , 15 January 1866 – Stockholm , 21 January 1940 ) . The couple had four sons : , Åke , Sten and Dag .",
"title": "Hjalmar Hammarskjöld"
},
{
"text": "The son of Knut Vilhelm Hammarskjöld , a noble , lieutenant and landowner ( descendant in female line of a bastard daughter of Eric XIV of Sweden ) , and wife Maria Lovisa Cecilia Vilhelmina Cöster , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld was born into the Hammarskjöld family in Tuna , Vimmerby , Kalmar County . He was a versatile legal expert and prominent as both a scholar and as a legislator . In 1891 he became a professor in Uppsala University and had a great influence on Swedish and Nordic civil law . He laid the foundation for his reputation as a",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "great expert in international law at the same time through diligent work in international meetings , and became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1904 at The Hague .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "As Minister of Justice from 1901 to 1902 in Fredrik von Otters government he made an ambitious but unsuccessful attempt to resolve the problems concerning the right to vote , and was , on his resignation , appointed president of the Göta court of appeal . In connection with the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway , he was minister of ecclesiastical affairs in Christian Lundebergs coalition government and negotiator in Karlstad . In 1905 he was appointed to be the Swedish ambassador to Copenhagen . He returned in 1907 to Uppsala as county governor of Uppsala ,",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "but often took leave of absence for various other assignments .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "After the peasant armament support march ( Swedish : bondetåget ) and the resignation of the liberal government , he became head of a non-parliamentarian government in 1914 , tasked with solving defense issues . His courtyard government ( Swedish : borggårdsregering ) was politically independent , but loyal to the king and rather conservative . It was created on an initiative from Arvid Lindman , the leader of the right-wing party in the second chamber , who did not want the king to appoint a cabinet under the leader of the right-wing party in the first chamber , Ernst",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Trygger .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "After the outbreak of the First World War that same year , a truce was established between the parties and the defense problem was solved to the satisfaction of the military . Hammarskjöld was principled and inflexible in his interpretations of civil law during the height of the war . It was during this time that the term Hunger shield ( Swedish : Hungerskjöld ) was coined , because his intractability impeded efforts to get necessary food exports into Sweden . He was seen as too friendly towards Germany when he rejected the proposal for a common trade agreement with",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Great Britain that Marcus Wallenberg , brother of the foreign minister Knut Wallenberg , had brought home from London in 1917 . The split between the PM and the Foreign Minister became apparent and the leaders of the right-wing in the parliament revoked their support for the prime minister , who was forced to submit his resignation .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Hammarskjöld had a dominant nature and was perceived by his opponents as authoritarian and strong-willed , but claims that he favoured Germany lack documented support . He had many prestigious assignments , for example chairman of the Nobel Foundation 1929–47 and member of parliament ( independent conservative ) . He was voted into the Swedish Academy in 1918 to the same chair as Prime Minister Louis De Geer had occupied , number 17 . Hammarskjölds son , Dag , inherited the chair , as well as the position , after his death . Hammarskjölds investigations were a major contributing factor",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "to the decision to establish the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": " Hjalmar Hammarskjöld died on 12 October 1953 in Stockholm , just over 6 months after his youngest son became the 2nd Secretary General of the United Nations .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": " - T . Gihl , The history of Swedish foreign policy 4 ( 1951 ) - D . Hammarskjöld , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld : entry speech in the Swedish Academy ( 1954 ) - W . Carlgren , The minister Hammarskjöld ( 1967 ) - S.A . Söderpalm , The big company owners and the democratic breakthrough ( 1969 )",
"title": "Literature"
}
] |
/wiki/Hjalmar_Hammarskjöld#P463#3
|
Hjalmar Hammarskjöld became a member of what organization or association in 1908?
|
Hjalmar Hammarskjöld Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskjöld ( ; 4 February 1862 – 12 October 1953 ) was a Swedish politician , scholar , cabinet minister , Member of Parliament from 1923 to 1938 ( first chamber ) , and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917 . In 1890 , he married Agnes Maria Carolina Almquist ( Stockholm , 15 January 1866 – Stockholm , 21 January 1940 ) . The couple had four sons : , Åke , Sten and Dag . Life and work . The son of Knut Vilhelm Hammarskjöld , a noble , lieutenant and landowner ( descendant in female line of a bastard daughter of Eric XIV of Sweden ) , and wife Maria Lovisa Cecilia Vilhelmina Cöster , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld was born into the Hammarskjöld family in Tuna , Vimmerby , Kalmar County . He was a versatile legal expert and prominent as both a scholar and as a legislator . In 1891 he became a professor in Uppsala University and had a great influence on Swedish and Nordic civil law . He laid the foundation for his reputation as a great expert in international law at the same time through diligent work in international meetings , and became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1904 at The Hague . As Minister of Justice from 1901 to 1902 in Fredrik von Otters government he made an ambitious but unsuccessful attempt to resolve the problems concerning the right to vote , and was , on his resignation , appointed president of the Göta court of appeal . In connection with the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway , he was minister of ecclesiastical affairs in Christian Lundebergs coalition government and negotiator in Karlstad . In 1905 he was appointed to be the Swedish ambassador to Copenhagen . He returned in 1907 to Uppsala as county governor of Uppsala , but often took leave of absence for various other assignments . After the peasant armament support march ( Swedish : bondetåget ) and the resignation of the liberal government , he became head of a non-parliamentarian government in 1914 , tasked with solving defense issues . His courtyard government ( Swedish : borggårdsregering ) was politically independent , but loyal to the king and rather conservative . It was created on an initiative from Arvid Lindman , the leader of the right-wing party in the second chamber , who did not want the king to appoint a cabinet under the leader of the right-wing party in the first chamber , Ernst Trygger . After the outbreak of the First World War that same year , a truce was established between the parties and the defense problem was solved to the satisfaction of the military . Hammarskjöld was principled and inflexible in his interpretations of civil law during the height of the war . It was during this time that the term Hunger shield ( Swedish : Hungerskjöld ) was coined , because his intractability impeded efforts to get necessary food exports into Sweden . He was seen as too friendly towards Germany when he rejected the proposal for a common trade agreement with Great Britain that Marcus Wallenberg , brother of the foreign minister Knut Wallenberg , had brought home from London in 1917 . The split between the PM and the Foreign Minister became apparent and the leaders of the right-wing in the parliament revoked their support for the prime minister , who was forced to submit his resignation . Hammarskjöld had a dominant nature and was perceived by his opponents as authoritarian and strong-willed , but claims that he favoured Germany lack documented support . He had many prestigious assignments , for example chairman of the Nobel Foundation 1929–47 and member of parliament ( independent conservative ) . He was voted into the Swedish Academy in 1918 to the same chair as Prime Minister Louis De Geer had occupied , number 17 . Hammarskjölds son , Dag , inherited the chair , as well as the position , after his death . Hammarskjölds investigations were a major contributing factor to the decision to establish the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden . Hjalmar Hammarskjöld died on 12 October 1953 in Stockholm , just over 6 months after his youngest son became the 2nd Secretary General of the United Nations . Literature . - T . Gihl , The history of Swedish foreign policy 4 ( 1951 ) - D . Hammarskjöld , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld : entry speech in the Swedish Academy ( 1954 ) - W . Carlgren , The minister Hammarskjöld ( 1967 ) - S.A . Söderpalm , The big company owners and the democratic breakthrough ( 1969 )
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskjöld ( ; 4 February 1862 – 12 October 1953 ) was a Swedish politician , scholar , cabinet minister , Member of Parliament from 1923 to 1938 ( first chamber ) , and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917 . In 1890 , he married Agnes Maria Carolina Almquist ( Stockholm , 15 January 1866 – Stockholm , 21 January 1940 ) . The couple had four sons : , Åke , Sten and Dag .",
"title": "Hjalmar Hammarskjöld"
},
{
"text": "The son of Knut Vilhelm Hammarskjöld , a noble , lieutenant and landowner ( descendant in female line of a bastard daughter of Eric XIV of Sweden ) , and wife Maria Lovisa Cecilia Vilhelmina Cöster , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld was born into the Hammarskjöld family in Tuna , Vimmerby , Kalmar County . He was a versatile legal expert and prominent as both a scholar and as a legislator . In 1891 he became a professor in Uppsala University and had a great influence on Swedish and Nordic civil law . He laid the foundation for his reputation as a",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "great expert in international law at the same time through diligent work in international meetings , and became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1904 at The Hague .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "As Minister of Justice from 1901 to 1902 in Fredrik von Otters government he made an ambitious but unsuccessful attempt to resolve the problems concerning the right to vote , and was , on his resignation , appointed president of the Göta court of appeal . In connection with the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway , he was minister of ecclesiastical affairs in Christian Lundebergs coalition government and negotiator in Karlstad . In 1905 he was appointed to be the Swedish ambassador to Copenhagen . He returned in 1907 to Uppsala as county governor of Uppsala ,",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "but often took leave of absence for various other assignments .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "After the peasant armament support march ( Swedish : bondetåget ) and the resignation of the liberal government , he became head of a non-parliamentarian government in 1914 , tasked with solving defense issues . His courtyard government ( Swedish : borggårdsregering ) was politically independent , but loyal to the king and rather conservative . It was created on an initiative from Arvid Lindman , the leader of the right-wing party in the second chamber , who did not want the king to appoint a cabinet under the leader of the right-wing party in the first chamber , Ernst",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Trygger .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "After the outbreak of the First World War that same year , a truce was established between the parties and the defense problem was solved to the satisfaction of the military . Hammarskjöld was principled and inflexible in his interpretations of civil law during the height of the war . It was during this time that the term Hunger shield ( Swedish : Hungerskjöld ) was coined , because his intractability impeded efforts to get necessary food exports into Sweden . He was seen as too friendly towards Germany when he rejected the proposal for a common trade agreement with",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Great Britain that Marcus Wallenberg , brother of the foreign minister Knut Wallenberg , had brought home from London in 1917 . The split between the PM and the Foreign Minister became apparent and the leaders of the right-wing in the parliament revoked their support for the prime minister , who was forced to submit his resignation .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Hammarskjöld had a dominant nature and was perceived by his opponents as authoritarian and strong-willed , but claims that he favoured Germany lack documented support . He had many prestigious assignments , for example chairman of the Nobel Foundation 1929–47 and member of parliament ( independent conservative ) . He was voted into the Swedish Academy in 1918 to the same chair as Prime Minister Louis De Geer had occupied , number 17 . Hammarskjölds son , Dag , inherited the chair , as well as the position , after his death . Hammarskjölds investigations were a major contributing factor",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "to the decision to establish the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": " Hjalmar Hammarskjöld died on 12 October 1953 in Stockholm , just over 6 months after his youngest son became the 2nd Secretary General of the United Nations .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": " - T . Gihl , The history of Swedish foreign policy 4 ( 1951 ) - D . Hammarskjöld , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld : entry speech in the Swedish Academy ( 1954 ) - W . Carlgren , The minister Hammarskjöld ( 1967 ) - S.A . Söderpalm , The big company owners and the democratic breakthrough ( 1969 )",
"title": "Literature"
}
] |
/wiki/Hjalmar_Hammarskjöld#P463#4
|
Hjalmar Hammarskjöld became a member of what organization or association in 1914?
|
Hjalmar Hammarskjöld Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskjöld ( ; 4 February 1862 – 12 October 1953 ) was a Swedish politician , scholar , cabinet minister , Member of Parliament from 1923 to 1938 ( first chamber ) , and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917 . In 1890 , he married Agnes Maria Carolina Almquist ( Stockholm , 15 January 1866 – Stockholm , 21 January 1940 ) . The couple had four sons : , Åke , Sten and Dag . Life and work . The son of Knut Vilhelm Hammarskjöld , a noble , lieutenant and landowner ( descendant in female line of a bastard daughter of Eric XIV of Sweden ) , and wife Maria Lovisa Cecilia Vilhelmina Cöster , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld was born into the Hammarskjöld family in Tuna , Vimmerby , Kalmar County . He was a versatile legal expert and prominent as both a scholar and as a legislator . In 1891 he became a professor in Uppsala University and had a great influence on Swedish and Nordic civil law . He laid the foundation for his reputation as a great expert in international law at the same time through diligent work in international meetings , and became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1904 at The Hague . As Minister of Justice from 1901 to 1902 in Fredrik von Otters government he made an ambitious but unsuccessful attempt to resolve the problems concerning the right to vote , and was , on his resignation , appointed president of the Göta court of appeal . In connection with the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway , he was minister of ecclesiastical affairs in Christian Lundebergs coalition government and negotiator in Karlstad . In 1905 he was appointed to be the Swedish ambassador to Copenhagen . He returned in 1907 to Uppsala as county governor of Uppsala , but often took leave of absence for various other assignments . After the peasant armament support march ( Swedish : bondetåget ) and the resignation of the liberal government , he became head of a non-parliamentarian government in 1914 , tasked with solving defense issues . His courtyard government ( Swedish : borggårdsregering ) was politically independent , but loyal to the king and rather conservative . It was created on an initiative from Arvid Lindman , the leader of the right-wing party in the second chamber , who did not want the king to appoint a cabinet under the leader of the right-wing party in the first chamber , Ernst Trygger . After the outbreak of the First World War that same year , a truce was established between the parties and the defense problem was solved to the satisfaction of the military . Hammarskjöld was principled and inflexible in his interpretations of civil law during the height of the war . It was during this time that the term Hunger shield ( Swedish : Hungerskjöld ) was coined , because his intractability impeded efforts to get necessary food exports into Sweden . He was seen as too friendly towards Germany when he rejected the proposal for a common trade agreement with Great Britain that Marcus Wallenberg , brother of the foreign minister Knut Wallenberg , had brought home from London in 1917 . The split between the PM and the Foreign Minister became apparent and the leaders of the right-wing in the parliament revoked their support for the prime minister , who was forced to submit his resignation . Hammarskjöld had a dominant nature and was perceived by his opponents as authoritarian and strong-willed , but claims that he favoured Germany lack documented support . He had many prestigious assignments , for example chairman of the Nobel Foundation 1929–47 and member of parliament ( independent conservative ) . He was voted into the Swedish Academy in 1918 to the same chair as Prime Minister Louis De Geer had occupied , number 17 . Hammarskjölds son , Dag , inherited the chair , as well as the position , after his death . Hammarskjölds investigations were a major contributing factor to the decision to establish the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden . Hjalmar Hammarskjöld died on 12 October 1953 in Stockholm , just over 6 months after his youngest son became the 2nd Secretary General of the United Nations . Literature . - T . Gihl , The history of Swedish foreign policy 4 ( 1951 ) - D . Hammarskjöld , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld : entry speech in the Swedish Academy ( 1954 ) - W . Carlgren , The minister Hammarskjöld ( 1967 ) - S.A . Söderpalm , The big company owners and the democratic breakthrough ( 1969 )
|
[
"non-parliamentarian government"
] |
[
{
"text": " Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskjöld ( ; 4 February 1862 – 12 October 1953 ) was a Swedish politician , scholar , cabinet minister , Member of Parliament from 1923 to 1938 ( first chamber ) , and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917 . In 1890 , he married Agnes Maria Carolina Almquist ( Stockholm , 15 January 1866 – Stockholm , 21 January 1940 ) . The couple had four sons : , Åke , Sten and Dag .",
"title": "Hjalmar Hammarskjöld"
},
{
"text": "The son of Knut Vilhelm Hammarskjöld , a noble , lieutenant and landowner ( descendant in female line of a bastard daughter of Eric XIV of Sweden ) , and wife Maria Lovisa Cecilia Vilhelmina Cöster , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld was born into the Hammarskjöld family in Tuna , Vimmerby , Kalmar County . He was a versatile legal expert and prominent as both a scholar and as a legislator . In 1891 he became a professor in Uppsala University and had a great influence on Swedish and Nordic civil law . He laid the foundation for his reputation as a",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "great expert in international law at the same time through diligent work in international meetings , and became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1904 at The Hague .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "As Minister of Justice from 1901 to 1902 in Fredrik von Otters government he made an ambitious but unsuccessful attempt to resolve the problems concerning the right to vote , and was , on his resignation , appointed president of the Göta court of appeal . In connection with the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway , he was minister of ecclesiastical affairs in Christian Lundebergs coalition government and negotiator in Karlstad . In 1905 he was appointed to be the Swedish ambassador to Copenhagen . He returned in 1907 to Uppsala as county governor of Uppsala ,",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "but often took leave of absence for various other assignments .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "After the peasant armament support march ( Swedish : bondetåget ) and the resignation of the liberal government , he became head of a non-parliamentarian government in 1914 , tasked with solving defense issues . His courtyard government ( Swedish : borggårdsregering ) was politically independent , but loyal to the king and rather conservative . It was created on an initiative from Arvid Lindman , the leader of the right-wing party in the second chamber , who did not want the king to appoint a cabinet under the leader of the right-wing party in the first chamber , Ernst",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Trygger .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "After the outbreak of the First World War that same year , a truce was established between the parties and the defense problem was solved to the satisfaction of the military . Hammarskjöld was principled and inflexible in his interpretations of civil law during the height of the war . It was during this time that the term Hunger shield ( Swedish : Hungerskjöld ) was coined , because his intractability impeded efforts to get necessary food exports into Sweden . He was seen as too friendly towards Germany when he rejected the proposal for a common trade agreement with",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Great Britain that Marcus Wallenberg , brother of the foreign minister Knut Wallenberg , had brought home from London in 1917 . The split between the PM and the Foreign Minister became apparent and the leaders of the right-wing in the parliament revoked their support for the prime minister , who was forced to submit his resignation .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "Hammarskjöld had a dominant nature and was perceived by his opponents as authoritarian and strong-willed , but claims that he favoured Germany lack documented support . He had many prestigious assignments , for example chairman of the Nobel Foundation 1929–47 and member of parliament ( independent conservative ) . He was voted into the Swedish Academy in 1918 to the same chair as Prime Minister Louis De Geer had occupied , number 17 . Hammarskjölds son , Dag , inherited the chair , as well as the position , after his death . Hammarskjölds investigations were a major contributing factor",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": "to the decision to establish the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": " Hjalmar Hammarskjöld died on 12 October 1953 in Stockholm , just over 6 months after his youngest son became the 2nd Secretary General of the United Nations .",
"title": "Life and work"
},
{
"text": " - T . Gihl , The history of Swedish foreign policy 4 ( 1951 ) - D . Hammarskjöld , Hjalmar Hammarskjöld : entry speech in the Swedish Academy ( 1954 ) - W . Carlgren , The minister Hammarskjöld ( 1967 ) - S.A . Söderpalm , The big company owners and the democratic breakthrough ( 1969 )",
"title": "Literature"
}
] |
/wiki/Segenet_Kelemu#P69#0
|
Segenet Kelemu went to which school before Jan 1977?
|
Segenet Kelemu Segenet Kelemu ( ) is an Ethiopian scientist , noted for her research as a molecular plant pathologist , and outstanding scientific leadership . For close to three decades , Kelemu and her teams research has contributed to addressing agricultural constraints in Africa , Asia , Latin America and North America . Since 2013 , Kelemu has been the Director General of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology , Africas only institute dedicated to research on insects and other arthropods . Previously , she was the Director of Biosciences eastern and central Africa ( BecA ) ; Vice President of Programs at the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ( AGRA ) , and Leader of Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture ( CIAT ) . Kelemu has received many international accolades including : the LOréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science in 2014 ; Fellow , TWAS − The World Academy of Sciences ; honorary doctorate by Tel Aviv University , in May 2016 ; recognition as one of Forbes Africa top 100 most influential African women , in May 2014 ; mentioned as one of 10 most influential African women in agriculture by the Journal of Gender , Agriculture and Food Security ( AgriGender Journal ) and election as a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences . Her other honours include : CIATs Outstanding Senior Scientist Award ; Friendship Award granted by the Peoples Republic of China and the TWAS Prize for Agricultural Sciences , by TWAS , The World Academy of Sciences . Early life . Segenet Kelemu was born in the Ethiopian town of Finote Selam in 1957 . Her parents sent their daughters to school , where Kelemu , though exuberant ; prone to challenging and contradicting teachers , demonstrated self-determination and , above all , academic prowess . She was fortunate to have teachers who recognized and nurtured her potential . Like many other children in her village , Kelemu was expected to help out with farming chores . Moreover , from an early age , she displayed a strong sense of responsibility , and as a result , her mother assigned her the task of selling farm produce in the market ; certain that she would negotiate the best prices and keep the money safe . Thus , Kelemu learnt the hard truths about agriculture : its back breaking labour—especially for women , as well challenges to productivity , which placed people in her community in a constant struggle to meet minimum households food needs ; but amidst all , the sectors potential . As a result , she felt a calling to seek solutions for agricultural constraints . Therefore , though an all-round top grade student , Kelemu decided to dedicate herself to science and agriculture . Education . In 1974 , Kelemu became the first woman from her region to join Addis Ababa University—where she was one of five girls in a class of 200—graduating , on top of her class , with a Bachelors degree in 1979 . She then relocated to the US . At Montana State University , she earned a masters degree in plant pathology and genetics in 1985 . She subsequently attended Kansas State University , earning a PhD in molecular biology and plant pathology in 1989 . Her PhD thesis was Molecular cloning and characterization of an avirulence gene from Xanthomonas campestris pv . oryzae . Kelemu undertook postdoctoral research on the molecular determinants of pathogenesis at Cornell University from 1989 to 1992 . Career . Between 1992 and 2007 , Kelemu worked at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture ( CIAT ) , Colombia , first as a Senior Scientist , and later Leader of Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management . Her research focused on elucidation of molecular determinants of host-pathogen interactions , development of novel plant disease control strategies including genetic engineering , biopesticides , pathogen population genetics and dynamics , endophytic microbes and their role in plant development . In August 2007 , Kelemu decided to return to Africa , determined to contribute her experience in applying cutting-edge science to developmental issues , towards resolving the continents problem . She accepted a position as the Director of the Biosciences eastern and central Africa ( BecA ) Hub . Under her leadership , the BecA initiative was transformed from a contentious idea into a driving force that is changing the face of African biosciences . BecAs research capacity , staff , facilities , funding , partners and training programs have expanded at an ever accelerating pace . She has assembled and inspired a scientific and technical team bound by a common passion for using science to enhance Africas biosciences development . In 2013 , Kelemu joined the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ( AGRA ) as Vice President for Programs for about a year . In November 2013 , Kelemu became the Director General of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology ( icipe ) , Africas only institution dedicated to research on insects and other arthropods , which is headquartered in Nairobi , Kenya . She is the fourth chief executive and the first woman to head the institution . In January 2018 , Kelemu was singled out by philanthropist Bill Gates as one of five heroes [ whose ] lives inspire me . Personal life . Kelemu is married to Arjan Gijsman and has a daughter named Finote Gijsman . They reside in Nairobi . She enjoys reading biographies .
|
[
"Addis Ababa University"
] |
[
{
"text": " Segenet Kelemu ( ) is an Ethiopian scientist , noted for her research as a molecular plant pathologist , and outstanding scientific leadership . For close to three decades , Kelemu and her teams research has contributed to addressing agricultural constraints in Africa , Asia , Latin America and North America .",
"title": "Segenet Kelemu"
},
{
"text": "Since 2013 , Kelemu has been the Director General of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology , Africas only institute dedicated to research on insects and other arthropods . Previously , she was the Director of Biosciences eastern and central Africa ( BecA ) ; Vice President of Programs at the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ( AGRA ) , and Leader of Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture ( CIAT ) .",
"title": "Segenet Kelemu"
},
{
"text": "Kelemu has received many international accolades including : the LOréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science in 2014 ; Fellow , TWAS − The World Academy of Sciences ; honorary doctorate by Tel Aviv University , in May 2016 ; recognition as one of Forbes Africa top 100 most influential African women , in May 2014 ; mentioned as one of 10 most influential African women in agriculture by the Journal of Gender , Agriculture and Food Security ( AgriGender Journal ) and election as a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences . Her other honours include : CIATs Outstanding",
"title": "Segenet Kelemu"
},
{
"text": "Senior Scientist Award ; Friendship Award granted by the Peoples Republic of China and the TWAS Prize for Agricultural Sciences , by TWAS , The World Academy of Sciences .",
"title": "Segenet Kelemu"
},
{
"text": " Segenet Kelemu was born in the Ethiopian town of Finote Selam in 1957 . Her parents sent their daughters to school , where Kelemu , though exuberant ; prone to challenging and contradicting teachers , demonstrated self-determination and , above all , academic prowess . She was fortunate to have teachers who recognized and nurtured her potential .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Like many other children in her village , Kelemu was expected to help out with farming chores . Moreover , from an early age , she displayed a strong sense of responsibility , and as a result , her mother assigned her the task of selling farm produce in the market ; certain that she would negotiate the best prices and keep the money safe . Thus , Kelemu learnt the hard truths about agriculture : its back breaking labour—especially for women , as well challenges to productivity , which placed people in her community in a constant struggle to",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "meet minimum households food needs ; but amidst all , the sectors potential . As a result , she felt a calling to seek solutions for agricultural constraints . Therefore , though an all-round top grade student , Kelemu decided to dedicate herself to science and agriculture .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1974 , Kelemu became the first woman from her region to join Addis Ababa University—where she was one of five girls in a class of 200—graduating , on top of her class , with a Bachelors degree in 1979 . She then relocated to the US . At Montana State University , she earned a masters degree in plant pathology and genetics in 1985 . She subsequently attended Kansas State University , earning a PhD in molecular biology and plant pathology in 1989 . Her PhD thesis was Molecular cloning and characterization of an avirulence gene from Xanthomonas campestris",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "pv . oryzae . Kelemu undertook postdoctoral research on the molecular determinants of pathogenesis at Cornell University from 1989 to 1992 .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "Between 1992 and 2007 , Kelemu worked at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture ( CIAT ) , Colombia , first as a Senior Scientist , and later Leader of Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management . Her research focused on elucidation of molecular determinants of host-pathogen interactions , development of novel plant disease control strategies including genetic engineering , biopesticides , pathogen population genetics and dynamics , endophytic microbes and their role in plant development . In August 2007 , Kelemu decided to return to Africa , determined to contribute her experience in applying cutting-edge science to developmental issues ,",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "towards resolving the continents problem . She accepted a position as the Director of the Biosciences eastern and central Africa ( BecA ) Hub . Under her leadership , the BecA initiative was transformed from a contentious idea into a driving force that is changing the face of African biosciences . BecAs research capacity , staff , facilities , funding , partners and training programs have expanded at an ever accelerating pace . She has assembled and inspired a scientific and technical team bound by a common passion for using science to enhance Africas biosciences development . In 2013 ,",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Kelemu joined the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ( AGRA ) as Vice President for Programs for about a year . In November 2013 , Kelemu became the Director General of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology ( icipe ) , Africas only institution dedicated to research on insects and other arthropods , which is headquartered in Nairobi , Kenya . She is the fourth chief executive and the first woman to head the institution .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In January 2018 , Kelemu was singled out by philanthropist Bill Gates as one of five heroes [ whose ] lives inspire me .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Kelemu is married to Arjan Gijsman and has a daughter named Finote Gijsman . They reside in Nairobi . She enjoys reading biographies .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Segenet_Kelemu#P69#1
|
Segenet Kelemu went to which school in Mar 1984?
|
Segenet Kelemu Segenet Kelemu ( ) is an Ethiopian scientist , noted for her research as a molecular plant pathologist , and outstanding scientific leadership . For close to three decades , Kelemu and her teams research has contributed to addressing agricultural constraints in Africa , Asia , Latin America and North America . Since 2013 , Kelemu has been the Director General of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology , Africas only institute dedicated to research on insects and other arthropods . Previously , she was the Director of Biosciences eastern and central Africa ( BecA ) ; Vice President of Programs at the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ( AGRA ) , and Leader of Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture ( CIAT ) . Kelemu has received many international accolades including : the LOréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science in 2014 ; Fellow , TWAS − The World Academy of Sciences ; honorary doctorate by Tel Aviv University , in May 2016 ; recognition as one of Forbes Africa top 100 most influential African women , in May 2014 ; mentioned as one of 10 most influential African women in agriculture by the Journal of Gender , Agriculture and Food Security ( AgriGender Journal ) and election as a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences . Her other honours include : CIATs Outstanding Senior Scientist Award ; Friendship Award granted by the Peoples Republic of China and the TWAS Prize for Agricultural Sciences , by TWAS , The World Academy of Sciences . Early life . Segenet Kelemu was born in the Ethiopian town of Finote Selam in 1957 . Her parents sent their daughters to school , where Kelemu , though exuberant ; prone to challenging and contradicting teachers , demonstrated self-determination and , above all , academic prowess . She was fortunate to have teachers who recognized and nurtured her potential . Like many other children in her village , Kelemu was expected to help out with farming chores . Moreover , from an early age , she displayed a strong sense of responsibility , and as a result , her mother assigned her the task of selling farm produce in the market ; certain that she would negotiate the best prices and keep the money safe . Thus , Kelemu learnt the hard truths about agriculture : its back breaking labour—especially for women , as well challenges to productivity , which placed people in her community in a constant struggle to meet minimum households food needs ; but amidst all , the sectors potential . As a result , she felt a calling to seek solutions for agricultural constraints . Therefore , though an all-round top grade student , Kelemu decided to dedicate herself to science and agriculture . Education . In 1974 , Kelemu became the first woman from her region to join Addis Ababa University—where she was one of five girls in a class of 200—graduating , on top of her class , with a Bachelors degree in 1979 . She then relocated to the US . At Montana State University , she earned a masters degree in plant pathology and genetics in 1985 . She subsequently attended Kansas State University , earning a PhD in molecular biology and plant pathology in 1989 . Her PhD thesis was Molecular cloning and characterization of an avirulence gene from Xanthomonas campestris pv . oryzae . Kelemu undertook postdoctoral research on the molecular determinants of pathogenesis at Cornell University from 1989 to 1992 . Career . Between 1992 and 2007 , Kelemu worked at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture ( CIAT ) , Colombia , first as a Senior Scientist , and later Leader of Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management . Her research focused on elucidation of molecular determinants of host-pathogen interactions , development of novel plant disease control strategies including genetic engineering , biopesticides , pathogen population genetics and dynamics , endophytic microbes and their role in plant development . In August 2007 , Kelemu decided to return to Africa , determined to contribute her experience in applying cutting-edge science to developmental issues , towards resolving the continents problem . She accepted a position as the Director of the Biosciences eastern and central Africa ( BecA ) Hub . Under her leadership , the BecA initiative was transformed from a contentious idea into a driving force that is changing the face of African biosciences . BecAs research capacity , staff , facilities , funding , partners and training programs have expanded at an ever accelerating pace . She has assembled and inspired a scientific and technical team bound by a common passion for using science to enhance Africas biosciences development . In 2013 , Kelemu joined the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ( AGRA ) as Vice President for Programs for about a year . In November 2013 , Kelemu became the Director General of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology ( icipe ) , Africas only institution dedicated to research on insects and other arthropods , which is headquartered in Nairobi , Kenya . She is the fourth chief executive and the first woman to head the institution . In January 2018 , Kelemu was singled out by philanthropist Bill Gates as one of five heroes [ whose ] lives inspire me . Personal life . Kelemu is married to Arjan Gijsman and has a daughter named Finote Gijsman . They reside in Nairobi . She enjoys reading biographies .
|
[
"Montana State University"
] |
[
{
"text": " Segenet Kelemu ( ) is an Ethiopian scientist , noted for her research as a molecular plant pathologist , and outstanding scientific leadership . For close to three decades , Kelemu and her teams research has contributed to addressing agricultural constraints in Africa , Asia , Latin America and North America .",
"title": "Segenet Kelemu"
},
{
"text": "Since 2013 , Kelemu has been the Director General of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology , Africas only institute dedicated to research on insects and other arthropods . Previously , she was the Director of Biosciences eastern and central Africa ( BecA ) ; Vice President of Programs at the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ( AGRA ) , and Leader of Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture ( CIAT ) .",
"title": "Segenet Kelemu"
},
{
"text": "Kelemu has received many international accolades including : the LOréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science in 2014 ; Fellow , TWAS − The World Academy of Sciences ; honorary doctorate by Tel Aviv University , in May 2016 ; recognition as one of Forbes Africa top 100 most influential African women , in May 2014 ; mentioned as one of 10 most influential African women in agriculture by the Journal of Gender , Agriculture and Food Security ( AgriGender Journal ) and election as a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences . Her other honours include : CIATs Outstanding",
"title": "Segenet Kelemu"
},
{
"text": "Senior Scientist Award ; Friendship Award granted by the Peoples Republic of China and the TWAS Prize for Agricultural Sciences , by TWAS , The World Academy of Sciences .",
"title": "Segenet Kelemu"
},
{
"text": " Segenet Kelemu was born in the Ethiopian town of Finote Selam in 1957 . Her parents sent their daughters to school , where Kelemu , though exuberant ; prone to challenging and contradicting teachers , demonstrated self-determination and , above all , academic prowess . She was fortunate to have teachers who recognized and nurtured her potential .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Like many other children in her village , Kelemu was expected to help out with farming chores . Moreover , from an early age , she displayed a strong sense of responsibility , and as a result , her mother assigned her the task of selling farm produce in the market ; certain that she would negotiate the best prices and keep the money safe . Thus , Kelemu learnt the hard truths about agriculture : its back breaking labour—especially for women , as well challenges to productivity , which placed people in her community in a constant struggle to",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "meet minimum households food needs ; but amidst all , the sectors potential . As a result , she felt a calling to seek solutions for agricultural constraints . Therefore , though an all-round top grade student , Kelemu decided to dedicate herself to science and agriculture .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1974 , Kelemu became the first woman from her region to join Addis Ababa University—where she was one of five girls in a class of 200—graduating , on top of her class , with a Bachelors degree in 1979 . She then relocated to the US . At Montana State University , she earned a masters degree in plant pathology and genetics in 1985 . She subsequently attended Kansas State University , earning a PhD in molecular biology and plant pathology in 1989 . Her PhD thesis was Molecular cloning and characterization of an avirulence gene from Xanthomonas campestris",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "pv . oryzae . Kelemu undertook postdoctoral research on the molecular determinants of pathogenesis at Cornell University from 1989 to 1992 .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "Between 1992 and 2007 , Kelemu worked at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture ( CIAT ) , Colombia , first as a Senior Scientist , and later Leader of Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management . Her research focused on elucidation of molecular determinants of host-pathogen interactions , development of novel plant disease control strategies including genetic engineering , biopesticides , pathogen population genetics and dynamics , endophytic microbes and their role in plant development . In August 2007 , Kelemu decided to return to Africa , determined to contribute her experience in applying cutting-edge science to developmental issues ,",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "towards resolving the continents problem . She accepted a position as the Director of the Biosciences eastern and central Africa ( BecA ) Hub . Under her leadership , the BecA initiative was transformed from a contentious idea into a driving force that is changing the face of African biosciences . BecAs research capacity , staff , facilities , funding , partners and training programs have expanded at an ever accelerating pace . She has assembled and inspired a scientific and technical team bound by a common passion for using science to enhance Africas biosciences development . In 2013 ,",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Kelemu joined the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ( AGRA ) as Vice President for Programs for about a year . In November 2013 , Kelemu became the Director General of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology ( icipe ) , Africas only institution dedicated to research on insects and other arthropods , which is headquartered in Nairobi , Kenya . She is the fourth chief executive and the first woman to head the institution .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In January 2018 , Kelemu was singled out by philanthropist Bill Gates as one of five heroes [ whose ] lives inspire me .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Kelemu is married to Arjan Gijsman and has a daughter named Finote Gijsman . They reside in Nairobi . She enjoys reading biographies .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Segenet_Kelemu#P69#2
|
Segenet Kelemu went to which school between Sep 1986 and Nov 1986?
|
Segenet Kelemu Segenet Kelemu ( ) is an Ethiopian scientist , noted for her research as a molecular plant pathologist , and outstanding scientific leadership . For close to three decades , Kelemu and her teams research has contributed to addressing agricultural constraints in Africa , Asia , Latin America and North America . Since 2013 , Kelemu has been the Director General of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology , Africas only institute dedicated to research on insects and other arthropods . Previously , she was the Director of Biosciences eastern and central Africa ( BecA ) ; Vice President of Programs at the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ( AGRA ) , and Leader of Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture ( CIAT ) . Kelemu has received many international accolades including : the LOréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science in 2014 ; Fellow , TWAS − The World Academy of Sciences ; honorary doctorate by Tel Aviv University , in May 2016 ; recognition as one of Forbes Africa top 100 most influential African women , in May 2014 ; mentioned as one of 10 most influential African women in agriculture by the Journal of Gender , Agriculture and Food Security ( AgriGender Journal ) and election as a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences . Her other honours include : CIATs Outstanding Senior Scientist Award ; Friendship Award granted by the Peoples Republic of China and the TWAS Prize for Agricultural Sciences , by TWAS , The World Academy of Sciences . Early life . Segenet Kelemu was born in the Ethiopian town of Finote Selam in 1957 . Her parents sent their daughters to school , where Kelemu , though exuberant ; prone to challenging and contradicting teachers , demonstrated self-determination and , above all , academic prowess . She was fortunate to have teachers who recognized and nurtured her potential . Like many other children in her village , Kelemu was expected to help out with farming chores . Moreover , from an early age , she displayed a strong sense of responsibility , and as a result , her mother assigned her the task of selling farm produce in the market ; certain that she would negotiate the best prices and keep the money safe . Thus , Kelemu learnt the hard truths about agriculture : its back breaking labour—especially for women , as well challenges to productivity , which placed people in her community in a constant struggle to meet minimum households food needs ; but amidst all , the sectors potential . As a result , she felt a calling to seek solutions for agricultural constraints . Therefore , though an all-round top grade student , Kelemu decided to dedicate herself to science and agriculture . Education . In 1974 , Kelemu became the first woman from her region to join Addis Ababa University—where she was one of five girls in a class of 200—graduating , on top of her class , with a Bachelors degree in 1979 . She then relocated to the US . At Montana State University , she earned a masters degree in plant pathology and genetics in 1985 . She subsequently attended Kansas State University , earning a PhD in molecular biology and plant pathology in 1989 . Her PhD thesis was Molecular cloning and characterization of an avirulence gene from Xanthomonas campestris pv . oryzae . Kelemu undertook postdoctoral research on the molecular determinants of pathogenesis at Cornell University from 1989 to 1992 . Career . Between 1992 and 2007 , Kelemu worked at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture ( CIAT ) , Colombia , first as a Senior Scientist , and later Leader of Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management . Her research focused on elucidation of molecular determinants of host-pathogen interactions , development of novel plant disease control strategies including genetic engineering , biopesticides , pathogen population genetics and dynamics , endophytic microbes and their role in plant development . In August 2007 , Kelemu decided to return to Africa , determined to contribute her experience in applying cutting-edge science to developmental issues , towards resolving the continents problem . She accepted a position as the Director of the Biosciences eastern and central Africa ( BecA ) Hub . Under her leadership , the BecA initiative was transformed from a contentious idea into a driving force that is changing the face of African biosciences . BecAs research capacity , staff , facilities , funding , partners and training programs have expanded at an ever accelerating pace . She has assembled and inspired a scientific and technical team bound by a common passion for using science to enhance Africas biosciences development . In 2013 , Kelemu joined the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ( AGRA ) as Vice President for Programs for about a year . In November 2013 , Kelemu became the Director General of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology ( icipe ) , Africas only institution dedicated to research on insects and other arthropods , which is headquartered in Nairobi , Kenya . She is the fourth chief executive and the first woman to head the institution . In January 2018 , Kelemu was singled out by philanthropist Bill Gates as one of five heroes [ whose ] lives inspire me . Personal life . Kelemu is married to Arjan Gijsman and has a daughter named Finote Gijsman . They reside in Nairobi . She enjoys reading biographies .
|
[
"Kansas State University"
] |
[
{
"text": " Segenet Kelemu ( ) is an Ethiopian scientist , noted for her research as a molecular plant pathologist , and outstanding scientific leadership . For close to three decades , Kelemu and her teams research has contributed to addressing agricultural constraints in Africa , Asia , Latin America and North America .",
"title": "Segenet Kelemu"
},
{
"text": "Since 2013 , Kelemu has been the Director General of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology , Africas only institute dedicated to research on insects and other arthropods . Previously , she was the Director of Biosciences eastern and central Africa ( BecA ) ; Vice President of Programs at the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ( AGRA ) , and Leader of Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture ( CIAT ) .",
"title": "Segenet Kelemu"
},
{
"text": "Kelemu has received many international accolades including : the LOréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science in 2014 ; Fellow , TWAS − The World Academy of Sciences ; honorary doctorate by Tel Aviv University , in May 2016 ; recognition as one of Forbes Africa top 100 most influential African women , in May 2014 ; mentioned as one of 10 most influential African women in agriculture by the Journal of Gender , Agriculture and Food Security ( AgriGender Journal ) and election as a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences . Her other honours include : CIATs Outstanding",
"title": "Segenet Kelemu"
},
{
"text": "Senior Scientist Award ; Friendship Award granted by the Peoples Republic of China and the TWAS Prize for Agricultural Sciences , by TWAS , The World Academy of Sciences .",
"title": "Segenet Kelemu"
},
{
"text": " Segenet Kelemu was born in the Ethiopian town of Finote Selam in 1957 . Her parents sent their daughters to school , where Kelemu , though exuberant ; prone to challenging and contradicting teachers , demonstrated self-determination and , above all , academic prowess . She was fortunate to have teachers who recognized and nurtured her potential .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Like many other children in her village , Kelemu was expected to help out with farming chores . Moreover , from an early age , she displayed a strong sense of responsibility , and as a result , her mother assigned her the task of selling farm produce in the market ; certain that she would negotiate the best prices and keep the money safe . Thus , Kelemu learnt the hard truths about agriculture : its back breaking labour—especially for women , as well challenges to productivity , which placed people in her community in a constant struggle to",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "meet minimum households food needs ; but amidst all , the sectors potential . As a result , she felt a calling to seek solutions for agricultural constraints . Therefore , though an all-round top grade student , Kelemu decided to dedicate herself to science and agriculture .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1974 , Kelemu became the first woman from her region to join Addis Ababa University—where she was one of five girls in a class of 200—graduating , on top of her class , with a Bachelors degree in 1979 . She then relocated to the US . At Montana State University , she earned a masters degree in plant pathology and genetics in 1985 . She subsequently attended Kansas State University , earning a PhD in molecular biology and plant pathology in 1989 . Her PhD thesis was Molecular cloning and characterization of an avirulence gene from Xanthomonas campestris",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "pv . oryzae . Kelemu undertook postdoctoral research on the molecular determinants of pathogenesis at Cornell University from 1989 to 1992 .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "Between 1992 and 2007 , Kelemu worked at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture ( CIAT ) , Colombia , first as a Senior Scientist , and later Leader of Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management . Her research focused on elucidation of molecular determinants of host-pathogen interactions , development of novel plant disease control strategies including genetic engineering , biopesticides , pathogen population genetics and dynamics , endophytic microbes and their role in plant development . In August 2007 , Kelemu decided to return to Africa , determined to contribute her experience in applying cutting-edge science to developmental issues ,",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "towards resolving the continents problem . She accepted a position as the Director of the Biosciences eastern and central Africa ( BecA ) Hub . Under her leadership , the BecA initiative was transformed from a contentious idea into a driving force that is changing the face of African biosciences . BecAs research capacity , staff , facilities , funding , partners and training programs have expanded at an ever accelerating pace . She has assembled and inspired a scientific and technical team bound by a common passion for using science to enhance Africas biosciences development . In 2013 ,",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Kelemu joined the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ( AGRA ) as Vice President for Programs for about a year . In November 2013 , Kelemu became the Director General of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology ( icipe ) , Africas only institution dedicated to research on insects and other arthropods , which is headquartered in Nairobi , Kenya . She is the fourth chief executive and the first woman to head the institution .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In January 2018 , Kelemu was singled out by philanthropist Bill Gates as one of five heroes [ whose ] lives inspire me .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Kelemu is married to Arjan Gijsman and has a daughter named Finote Gijsman . They reside in Nairobi . She enjoys reading biographies .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Batuhan_Karadeniz#P54#0
|
Which team did Batuhan Karadeniz play for in Jan 2009?
|
Batuhan Karadeniz Batuhan Karadeniz ( born 24 April 1991 ) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays for Hekimoğlu Trabzon . Club career . 2003–2010 : Beşiktaş J.K. . Karadeniz was regarded as a prospect player , scoring 226 goals in 86 matches at youth levels . His youth performance pulled attention of various clubs across European leagues . In 2006 , he signed a professional contract with Beşiktaş J.K . At his professional season , he made his Super League debut against another Istanbul team Kasımpaşa on the 2nd matchday of the Turkish Football League 2007-08 Season as he had been substituted on for Burak Yılmaz at half time , making made him the youngest player ever to appear in a Turkcell Super League game at the tender age of just 16 years and 115 days . Just 6 days later , he scored his first goal for Beşiktaş on August 25 against Gaziantepspor in the 95th minute and made a big contribution to his teams 3 points . Karadeniz became the youngest scorer ever at Süper Lig at the age of 16 . He made his UEFA Champions League debut against FC Zürich , making a substitute appearance in the 92nd minute , replacing Mert Nobre on 29 August 2007 , where game ended 2–0 for Beşiktaş . On 3 November 2007 , Batuhan came on as a substitute for Koray Avci in the 83rd minute against Fenerbahçe S.K. . He missed a very crucial chance for Kara Kartallar during the additional time ( 90+3 ) as he picked up a loose ball and faked the keeper Volkan Demirel , subsequently he tried to shoot despite having had two teammates unmarked by his side and in the end he could not generate enough power on his shot and Edu cleared the ball away . Beşiktas lost the game with a final score of 2–1 to Fenerbahçe overtook Beşiktaş by one point . Later , he said You [ must ] be the king , you dont make someone else the king . Although he was criticized by the Turkish press that he should have assisted Federico Higuaín in the match , he stated that he had not seen his teammate at the time . During the January 2008 transfer window Beşiktaş wanted to loan him out to F.C . Köln in order for him to get more playing time , however the transfer did not take place due to FIFA rules for each football federation regarding age . According to the German Football Association Batuhan was classed as a minor and thus could not be transferred as he had a professional contract . 2010– : Later career . Batuhan was loaned out Eskişehirspor during the January 2009 transfer window . He started his loan scoring four goals in three league matches . At the end of the 2008–09 season Batuhan had an operation of his left shoulder , ruling him out of football for five weeks . In the summer transfer window of 2010 , Batuhan has moved to Eskişehirspor with permanent deal . Then , he was loaned again to Beşiktaş . At the end of his contract he signed a new deal with Trabzonspor . After playing half of the season with Trabzonspor , he was loaned to Elazığspor . At the end of the season Trabzonspor terminated his contract . Before the beginning of the 2014–15 season he signed a new contract with Sivasspor . On 16 July 2019 , Karadeniz reagreed terms to extended his contract Balıkesirspor . Karadeniz scored twice at 9th week fixtures of 2018–19 TFF Second League Red Group game in which Balıkesirspor beat Niğde Belediyespor on 4–1 final score . International career . Batuhan has risen through the ranks of the Turkish national team . At the Under-16 and Under-17 levels he scored a total of 43 goals in 53 matches . At age 17 he was called up to the Turkish Under-21 squad to play in the U-21 European Championships qualifiers , making him the youngest player in the team . He was first called up to the senior Turkish team by Fatih Terim during Turkeys 2010 world Cup Qualifiers in October 2008 . He made his senior debut on 11 October 2008 , winning his first cap in the Group 5 game against Bosnia & Herzegovina . When he was only 18 years old , he was named as part of the squad for Turkeys friendly matches against the Ivory Coast in February 2009 but was an unused substitute . Playing style . Standing at nearly two meters , Batuhan has great aerial ability . He can play on the wings or in midfield as has scored many of his goals in this slightly more deeper position as a second striker .
|
[
"Beşiktaş"
] |
[
{
"text": " Batuhan Karadeniz ( born 24 April 1991 ) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays for Hekimoğlu Trabzon .",
"title": "Batuhan Karadeniz"
},
{
"text": " 2003–2010 : Beşiktaş J.K. . Karadeniz was regarded as a prospect player , scoring 226 goals in 86 matches at youth levels . His youth performance pulled attention of various clubs across European leagues .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 , he signed a professional contract with Beşiktaş J.K . At his professional season , he made his Super League debut against another Istanbul team Kasımpaşa on the 2nd matchday of the Turkish Football League 2007-08 Season as he had been substituted on for Burak Yılmaz at half time , making made him the youngest player ever to appear in a Turkcell Super League game at the tender age of just 16 years and 115 days . Just 6 days later , he scored his first goal for Beşiktaş on August 25 against Gaziantepspor in the 95th minute",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "and made a big contribution to his teams 3 points . Karadeniz became the youngest scorer ever at Süper Lig at the age of 16 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " He made his UEFA Champions League debut against FC Zürich , making a substitute appearance in the 92nd minute , replacing Mert Nobre on 29 August 2007 , where game ended 2–0 for Beşiktaş .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 3 November 2007 , Batuhan came on as a substitute for Koray Avci in the 83rd minute against Fenerbahçe S.K. . He missed a very crucial chance for Kara Kartallar during the additional time ( 90+3 ) as he picked up a loose ball and faked the keeper Volkan Demirel , subsequently he tried to shoot despite having had two teammates unmarked by his side and in the end he could not generate enough power on his shot and Edu cleared the ball away . Beşiktas lost the game with a final score of 2–1 to Fenerbahçe overtook Beşiktaş",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "by one point . Later , he said You [ must ] be the king , you dont make someone else the king . Although he was criticized by the Turkish press that he should have assisted Federico Higuaín in the match , he stated that he had not seen his teammate at the time .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " During the January 2008 transfer window Beşiktaş wanted to loan him out to F.C . Köln in order for him to get more playing time , however the transfer did not take place due to FIFA rules for each football federation regarding age . According to the German Football Association Batuhan was classed as a minor and thus could not be transferred as he had a professional contract . 2010– : Later career . Batuhan was loaned out Eskişehirspor during the January 2009 transfer window . He started his loan scoring four goals in three league matches .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "At the end of the 2008–09 season Batuhan had an operation of his left shoulder , ruling him out of football for five weeks . In the summer transfer window of 2010 , Batuhan has moved to Eskişehirspor with permanent deal . Then , he was loaned again to Beşiktaş . At the end of his contract he signed a new deal with Trabzonspor . After playing half of the season with Trabzonspor , he was loaned to Elazığspor . At the end of the season Trabzonspor terminated his contract . Before the beginning of the 2014–15 season he signed",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "a new contract with Sivasspor .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 16 July 2019 , Karadeniz reagreed terms to extended his contract Balıkesirspor . Karadeniz scored twice at 9th week fixtures of 2018–19 TFF Second League Red Group game in which Balıkesirspor beat Niğde Belediyespor on 4–1 final score .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Batuhan has risen through the ranks of the Turkish national team . At the Under-16 and Under-17 levels he scored a total of 43 goals in 53 matches . At age 17 he was called up to the Turkish Under-21 squad to play in the U-21 European Championships qualifiers , making him the youngest player in the team .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "He was first called up to the senior Turkish team by Fatih Terim during Turkeys 2010 world Cup Qualifiers in October 2008 . He made his senior debut on 11 October 2008 , winning his first cap in the Group 5 game against Bosnia & Herzegovina .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " When he was only 18 years old , he was named as part of the squad for Turkeys friendly matches against the Ivory Coast in February 2009 but was an unused substitute .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Standing at nearly two meters , Batuhan has great aerial ability . He can play on the wings or in midfield as has scored many of his goals in this slightly more deeper position as a second striker .",
"title": "Playing style"
}
] |
/wiki/Batuhan_Karadeniz#P54#1
|
Which team did Batuhan Karadeniz play for in Sep 2010?
|
Batuhan Karadeniz Batuhan Karadeniz ( born 24 April 1991 ) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays for Hekimoğlu Trabzon . Club career . 2003–2010 : Beşiktaş J.K. . Karadeniz was regarded as a prospect player , scoring 226 goals in 86 matches at youth levels . His youth performance pulled attention of various clubs across European leagues . In 2006 , he signed a professional contract with Beşiktaş J.K . At his professional season , he made his Super League debut against another Istanbul team Kasımpaşa on the 2nd matchday of the Turkish Football League 2007-08 Season as he had been substituted on for Burak Yılmaz at half time , making made him the youngest player ever to appear in a Turkcell Super League game at the tender age of just 16 years and 115 days . Just 6 days later , he scored his first goal for Beşiktaş on August 25 against Gaziantepspor in the 95th minute and made a big contribution to his teams 3 points . Karadeniz became the youngest scorer ever at Süper Lig at the age of 16 . He made his UEFA Champions League debut against FC Zürich , making a substitute appearance in the 92nd minute , replacing Mert Nobre on 29 August 2007 , where game ended 2–0 for Beşiktaş . On 3 November 2007 , Batuhan came on as a substitute for Koray Avci in the 83rd minute against Fenerbahçe S.K. . He missed a very crucial chance for Kara Kartallar during the additional time ( 90+3 ) as he picked up a loose ball and faked the keeper Volkan Demirel , subsequently he tried to shoot despite having had two teammates unmarked by his side and in the end he could not generate enough power on his shot and Edu cleared the ball away . Beşiktas lost the game with a final score of 2–1 to Fenerbahçe overtook Beşiktaş by one point . Later , he said You [ must ] be the king , you dont make someone else the king . Although he was criticized by the Turkish press that he should have assisted Federico Higuaín in the match , he stated that he had not seen his teammate at the time . During the January 2008 transfer window Beşiktaş wanted to loan him out to F.C . Köln in order for him to get more playing time , however the transfer did not take place due to FIFA rules for each football federation regarding age . According to the German Football Association Batuhan was classed as a minor and thus could not be transferred as he had a professional contract . 2010– : Later career . Batuhan was loaned out Eskişehirspor during the January 2009 transfer window . He started his loan scoring four goals in three league matches . At the end of the 2008–09 season Batuhan had an operation of his left shoulder , ruling him out of football for five weeks . In the summer transfer window of 2010 , Batuhan has moved to Eskişehirspor with permanent deal . Then , he was loaned again to Beşiktaş . At the end of his contract he signed a new deal with Trabzonspor . After playing half of the season with Trabzonspor , he was loaned to Elazığspor . At the end of the season Trabzonspor terminated his contract . Before the beginning of the 2014–15 season he signed a new contract with Sivasspor . On 16 July 2019 , Karadeniz reagreed terms to extended his contract Balıkesirspor . Karadeniz scored twice at 9th week fixtures of 2018–19 TFF Second League Red Group game in which Balıkesirspor beat Niğde Belediyespor on 4–1 final score . International career . Batuhan has risen through the ranks of the Turkish national team . At the Under-16 and Under-17 levels he scored a total of 43 goals in 53 matches . At age 17 he was called up to the Turkish Under-21 squad to play in the U-21 European Championships qualifiers , making him the youngest player in the team . He was first called up to the senior Turkish team by Fatih Terim during Turkeys 2010 world Cup Qualifiers in October 2008 . He made his senior debut on 11 October 2008 , winning his first cap in the Group 5 game against Bosnia & Herzegovina . When he was only 18 years old , he was named as part of the squad for Turkeys friendly matches against the Ivory Coast in February 2009 but was an unused substitute . Playing style . Standing at nearly two meters , Batuhan has great aerial ability . He can play on the wings or in midfield as has scored many of his goals in this slightly more deeper position as a second striker .
|
[
"Eskişehirspor"
] |
[
{
"text": " Batuhan Karadeniz ( born 24 April 1991 ) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays for Hekimoğlu Trabzon .",
"title": "Batuhan Karadeniz"
},
{
"text": " 2003–2010 : Beşiktaş J.K. . Karadeniz was regarded as a prospect player , scoring 226 goals in 86 matches at youth levels . His youth performance pulled attention of various clubs across European leagues .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 , he signed a professional contract with Beşiktaş J.K . At his professional season , he made his Super League debut against another Istanbul team Kasımpaşa on the 2nd matchday of the Turkish Football League 2007-08 Season as he had been substituted on for Burak Yılmaz at half time , making made him the youngest player ever to appear in a Turkcell Super League game at the tender age of just 16 years and 115 days . Just 6 days later , he scored his first goal for Beşiktaş on August 25 against Gaziantepspor in the 95th minute",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "and made a big contribution to his teams 3 points . Karadeniz became the youngest scorer ever at Süper Lig at the age of 16 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " He made his UEFA Champions League debut against FC Zürich , making a substitute appearance in the 92nd minute , replacing Mert Nobre on 29 August 2007 , where game ended 2–0 for Beşiktaş .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 3 November 2007 , Batuhan came on as a substitute for Koray Avci in the 83rd minute against Fenerbahçe S.K. . He missed a very crucial chance for Kara Kartallar during the additional time ( 90+3 ) as he picked up a loose ball and faked the keeper Volkan Demirel , subsequently he tried to shoot despite having had two teammates unmarked by his side and in the end he could not generate enough power on his shot and Edu cleared the ball away . Beşiktas lost the game with a final score of 2–1 to Fenerbahçe overtook Beşiktaş",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "by one point . Later , he said You [ must ] be the king , you dont make someone else the king . Although he was criticized by the Turkish press that he should have assisted Federico Higuaín in the match , he stated that he had not seen his teammate at the time .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " During the January 2008 transfer window Beşiktaş wanted to loan him out to F.C . Köln in order for him to get more playing time , however the transfer did not take place due to FIFA rules for each football federation regarding age . According to the German Football Association Batuhan was classed as a minor and thus could not be transferred as he had a professional contract . 2010– : Later career . Batuhan was loaned out Eskişehirspor during the January 2009 transfer window . He started his loan scoring four goals in three league matches .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "At the end of the 2008–09 season Batuhan had an operation of his left shoulder , ruling him out of football for five weeks . In the summer transfer window of 2010 , Batuhan has moved to Eskişehirspor with permanent deal . Then , he was loaned again to Beşiktaş . At the end of his contract he signed a new deal with Trabzonspor . After playing half of the season with Trabzonspor , he was loaned to Elazığspor . At the end of the season Trabzonspor terminated his contract . Before the beginning of the 2014–15 season he signed",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "a new contract with Sivasspor .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 16 July 2019 , Karadeniz reagreed terms to extended his contract Balıkesirspor . Karadeniz scored twice at 9th week fixtures of 2018–19 TFF Second League Red Group game in which Balıkesirspor beat Niğde Belediyespor on 4–1 final score .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Batuhan has risen through the ranks of the Turkish national team . At the Under-16 and Under-17 levels he scored a total of 43 goals in 53 matches . At age 17 he was called up to the Turkish Under-21 squad to play in the U-21 European Championships qualifiers , making him the youngest player in the team .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "He was first called up to the senior Turkish team by Fatih Terim during Turkeys 2010 world Cup Qualifiers in October 2008 . He made his senior debut on 11 October 2008 , winning his first cap in the Group 5 game against Bosnia & Herzegovina .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " When he was only 18 years old , he was named as part of the squad for Turkeys friendly matches against the Ivory Coast in February 2009 but was an unused substitute .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Standing at nearly two meters , Batuhan has great aerial ability . He can play on the wings or in midfield as has scored many of his goals in this slightly more deeper position as a second striker .",
"title": "Playing style"
}
] |
/wiki/Batuhan_Karadeniz#P54#2
|
Which team did Batuhan Karadeniz play for between Mar 2013 and Dec 2013?
|
Batuhan Karadeniz Batuhan Karadeniz ( born 24 April 1991 ) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays for Hekimoğlu Trabzon . Club career . 2003–2010 : Beşiktaş J.K. . Karadeniz was regarded as a prospect player , scoring 226 goals in 86 matches at youth levels . His youth performance pulled attention of various clubs across European leagues . In 2006 , he signed a professional contract with Beşiktaş J.K . At his professional season , he made his Super League debut against another Istanbul team Kasımpaşa on the 2nd matchday of the Turkish Football League 2007-08 Season as he had been substituted on for Burak Yılmaz at half time , making made him the youngest player ever to appear in a Turkcell Super League game at the tender age of just 16 years and 115 days . Just 6 days later , he scored his first goal for Beşiktaş on August 25 against Gaziantepspor in the 95th minute and made a big contribution to his teams 3 points . Karadeniz became the youngest scorer ever at Süper Lig at the age of 16 . He made his UEFA Champions League debut against FC Zürich , making a substitute appearance in the 92nd minute , replacing Mert Nobre on 29 August 2007 , where game ended 2–0 for Beşiktaş . On 3 November 2007 , Batuhan came on as a substitute for Koray Avci in the 83rd minute against Fenerbahçe S.K. . He missed a very crucial chance for Kara Kartallar during the additional time ( 90+3 ) as he picked up a loose ball and faked the keeper Volkan Demirel , subsequently he tried to shoot despite having had two teammates unmarked by his side and in the end he could not generate enough power on his shot and Edu cleared the ball away . Beşiktas lost the game with a final score of 2–1 to Fenerbahçe overtook Beşiktaş by one point . Later , he said You [ must ] be the king , you dont make someone else the king . Although he was criticized by the Turkish press that he should have assisted Federico Higuaín in the match , he stated that he had not seen his teammate at the time . During the January 2008 transfer window Beşiktaş wanted to loan him out to F.C . Köln in order for him to get more playing time , however the transfer did not take place due to FIFA rules for each football federation regarding age . According to the German Football Association Batuhan was classed as a minor and thus could not be transferred as he had a professional contract . 2010– : Later career . Batuhan was loaned out Eskişehirspor during the January 2009 transfer window . He started his loan scoring four goals in three league matches . At the end of the 2008–09 season Batuhan had an operation of his left shoulder , ruling him out of football for five weeks . In the summer transfer window of 2010 , Batuhan has moved to Eskişehirspor with permanent deal . Then , he was loaned again to Beşiktaş . At the end of his contract he signed a new deal with Trabzonspor . After playing half of the season with Trabzonspor , he was loaned to Elazığspor . At the end of the season Trabzonspor terminated his contract . Before the beginning of the 2014–15 season he signed a new contract with Sivasspor . On 16 July 2019 , Karadeniz reagreed terms to extended his contract Balıkesirspor . Karadeniz scored twice at 9th week fixtures of 2018–19 TFF Second League Red Group game in which Balıkesirspor beat Niğde Belediyespor on 4–1 final score . International career . Batuhan has risen through the ranks of the Turkish national team . At the Under-16 and Under-17 levels he scored a total of 43 goals in 53 matches . At age 17 he was called up to the Turkish Under-21 squad to play in the U-21 European Championships qualifiers , making him the youngest player in the team . He was first called up to the senior Turkish team by Fatih Terim during Turkeys 2010 world Cup Qualifiers in October 2008 . He made his senior debut on 11 October 2008 , winning his first cap in the Group 5 game against Bosnia & Herzegovina . When he was only 18 years old , he was named as part of the squad for Turkeys friendly matches against the Ivory Coast in February 2009 but was an unused substitute . Playing style . Standing at nearly two meters , Batuhan has great aerial ability . He can play on the wings or in midfield as has scored many of his goals in this slightly more deeper position as a second striker .
|
[
"Trabzonspor"
] |
[
{
"text": " Batuhan Karadeniz ( born 24 April 1991 ) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays for Hekimoğlu Trabzon .",
"title": "Batuhan Karadeniz"
},
{
"text": " 2003–2010 : Beşiktaş J.K. . Karadeniz was regarded as a prospect player , scoring 226 goals in 86 matches at youth levels . His youth performance pulled attention of various clubs across European leagues .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 , he signed a professional contract with Beşiktaş J.K . At his professional season , he made his Super League debut against another Istanbul team Kasımpaşa on the 2nd matchday of the Turkish Football League 2007-08 Season as he had been substituted on for Burak Yılmaz at half time , making made him the youngest player ever to appear in a Turkcell Super League game at the tender age of just 16 years and 115 days . Just 6 days later , he scored his first goal for Beşiktaş on August 25 against Gaziantepspor in the 95th minute",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "and made a big contribution to his teams 3 points . Karadeniz became the youngest scorer ever at Süper Lig at the age of 16 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " He made his UEFA Champions League debut against FC Zürich , making a substitute appearance in the 92nd minute , replacing Mert Nobre on 29 August 2007 , where game ended 2–0 for Beşiktaş .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 3 November 2007 , Batuhan came on as a substitute for Koray Avci in the 83rd minute against Fenerbahçe S.K. . He missed a very crucial chance for Kara Kartallar during the additional time ( 90+3 ) as he picked up a loose ball and faked the keeper Volkan Demirel , subsequently he tried to shoot despite having had two teammates unmarked by his side and in the end he could not generate enough power on his shot and Edu cleared the ball away . Beşiktas lost the game with a final score of 2–1 to Fenerbahçe overtook Beşiktaş",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "by one point . Later , he said You [ must ] be the king , you dont make someone else the king . Although he was criticized by the Turkish press that he should have assisted Federico Higuaín in the match , he stated that he had not seen his teammate at the time .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " During the January 2008 transfer window Beşiktaş wanted to loan him out to F.C . Köln in order for him to get more playing time , however the transfer did not take place due to FIFA rules for each football federation regarding age . According to the German Football Association Batuhan was classed as a minor and thus could not be transferred as he had a professional contract . 2010– : Later career . Batuhan was loaned out Eskişehirspor during the January 2009 transfer window . He started his loan scoring four goals in three league matches .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "At the end of the 2008–09 season Batuhan had an operation of his left shoulder , ruling him out of football for five weeks . In the summer transfer window of 2010 , Batuhan has moved to Eskişehirspor with permanent deal . Then , he was loaned again to Beşiktaş . At the end of his contract he signed a new deal with Trabzonspor . After playing half of the season with Trabzonspor , he was loaned to Elazığspor . At the end of the season Trabzonspor terminated his contract . Before the beginning of the 2014–15 season he signed",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "a new contract with Sivasspor .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 16 July 2019 , Karadeniz reagreed terms to extended his contract Balıkesirspor . Karadeniz scored twice at 9th week fixtures of 2018–19 TFF Second League Red Group game in which Balıkesirspor beat Niğde Belediyespor on 4–1 final score .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Batuhan has risen through the ranks of the Turkish national team . At the Under-16 and Under-17 levels he scored a total of 43 goals in 53 matches . At age 17 he was called up to the Turkish Under-21 squad to play in the U-21 European Championships qualifiers , making him the youngest player in the team .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "He was first called up to the senior Turkish team by Fatih Terim during Turkeys 2010 world Cup Qualifiers in October 2008 . He made his senior debut on 11 October 2008 , winning his first cap in the Group 5 game against Bosnia & Herzegovina .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " When he was only 18 years old , he was named as part of the squad for Turkeys friendly matches against the Ivory Coast in February 2009 but was an unused substitute .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Standing at nearly two meters , Batuhan has great aerial ability . He can play on the wings or in midfield as has scored many of his goals in this slightly more deeper position as a second striker .",
"title": "Playing style"
}
] |
/wiki/Batuhan_Karadeniz#P54#3
|
Which team did Batuhan Karadeniz play for in Apr 2015?
|
Batuhan Karadeniz Batuhan Karadeniz ( born 24 April 1991 ) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays for Hekimoğlu Trabzon . Club career . 2003–2010 : Beşiktaş J.K. . Karadeniz was regarded as a prospect player , scoring 226 goals in 86 matches at youth levels . His youth performance pulled attention of various clubs across European leagues . In 2006 , he signed a professional contract with Beşiktaş J.K . At his professional season , he made his Super League debut against another Istanbul team Kasımpaşa on the 2nd matchday of the Turkish Football League 2007-08 Season as he had been substituted on for Burak Yılmaz at half time , making made him the youngest player ever to appear in a Turkcell Super League game at the tender age of just 16 years and 115 days . Just 6 days later , he scored his first goal for Beşiktaş on August 25 against Gaziantepspor in the 95th minute and made a big contribution to his teams 3 points . Karadeniz became the youngest scorer ever at Süper Lig at the age of 16 . He made his UEFA Champions League debut against FC Zürich , making a substitute appearance in the 92nd minute , replacing Mert Nobre on 29 August 2007 , where game ended 2–0 for Beşiktaş . On 3 November 2007 , Batuhan came on as a substitute for Koray Avci in the 83rd minute against Fenerbahçe S.K. . He missed a very crucial chance for Kara Kartallar during the additional time ( 90+3 ) as he picked up a loose ball and faked the keeper Volkan Demirel , subsequently he tried to shoot despite having had two teammates unmarked by his side and in the end he could not generate enough power on his shot and Edu cleared the ball away . Beşiktas lost the game with a final score of 2–1 to Fenerbahçe overtook Beşiktaş by one point . Later , he said You [ must ] be the king , you dont make someone else the king . Although he was criticized by the Turkish press that he should have assisted Federico Higuaín in the match , he stated that he had not seen his teammate at the time . During the January 2008 transfer window Beşiktaş wanted to loan him out to F.C . Köln in order for him to get more playing time , however the transfer did not take place due to FIFA rules for each football federation regarding age . According to the German Football Association Batuhan was classed as a minor and thus could not be transferred as he had a professional contract . 2010– : Later career . Batuhan was loaned out Eskişehirspor during the January 2009 transfer window . He started his loan scoring four goals in three league matches . At the end of the 2008–09 season Batuhan had an operation of his left shoulder , ruling him out of football for five weeks . In the summer transfer window of 2010 , Batuhan has moved to Eskişehirspor with permanent deal . Then , he was loaned again to Beşiktaş . At the end of his contract he signed a new deal with Trabzonspor . After playing half of the season with Trabzonspor , he was loaned to Elazığspor . At the end of the season Trabzonspor terminated his contract . Before the beginning of the 2014–15 season he signed a new contract with Sivasspor . On 16 July 2019 , Karadeniz reagreed terms to extended his contract Balıkesirspor . Karadeniz scored twice at 9th week fixtures of 2018–19 TFF Second League Red Group game in which Balıkesirspor beat Niğde Belediyespor on 4–1 final score . International career . Batuhan has risen through the ranks of the Turkish national team . At the Under-16 and Under-17 levels he scored a total of 43 goals in 53 matches . At age 17 he was called up to the Turkish Under-21 squad to play in the U-21 European Championships qualifiers , making him the youngest player in the team . He was first called up to the senior Turkish team by Fatih Terim during Turkeys 2010 world Cup Qualifiers in October 2008 . He made his senior debut on 11 October 2008 , winning his first cap in the Group 5 game against Bosnia & Herzegovina . When he was only 18 years old , he was named as part of the squad for Turkeys friendly matches against the Ivory Coast in February 2009 but was an unused substitute . Playing style . Standing at nearly two meters , Batuhan has great aerial ability . He can play on the wings or in midfield as has scored many of his goals in this slightly more deeper position as a second striker .
|
[
"Sivasspor"
] |
[
{
"text": " Batuhan Karadeniz ( born 24 April 1991 ) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays for Hekimoğlu Trabzon .",
"title": "Batuhan Karadeniz"
},
{
"text": " 2003–2010 : Beşiktaş J.K. . Karadeniz was regarded as a prospect player , scoring 226 goals in 86 matches at youth levels . His youth performance pulled attention of various clubs across European leagues .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 , he signed a professional contract with Beşiktaş J.K . At his professional season , he made his Super League debut against another Istanbul team Kasımpaşa on the 2nd matchday of the Turkish Football League 2007-08 Season as he had been substituted on for Burak Yılmaz at half time , making made him the youngest player ever to appear in a Turkcell Super League game at the tender age of just 16 years and 115 days . Just 6 days later , he scored his first goal for Beşiktaş on August 25 against Gaziantepspor in the 95th minute",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "and made a big contribution to his teams 3 points . Karadeniz became the youngest scorer ever at Süper Lig at the age of 16 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " He made his UEFA Champions League debut against FC Zürich , making a substitute appearance in the 92nd minute , replacing Mert Nobre on 29 August 2007 , where game ended 2–0 for Beşiktaş .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 3 November 2007 , Batuhan came on as a substitute for Koray Avci in the 83rd minute against Fenerbahçe S.K. . He missed a very crucial chance for Kara Kartallar during the additional time ( 90+3 ) as he picked up a loose ball and faked the keeper Volkan Demirel , subsequently he tried to shoot despite having had two teammates unmarked by his side and in the end he could not generate enough power on his shot and Edu cleared the ball away . Beşiktas lost the game with a final score of 2–1 to Fenerbahçe overtook Beşiktaş",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "by one point . Later , he said You [ must ] be the king , you dont make someone else the king . Although he was criticized by the Turkish press that he should have assisted Federico Higuaín in the match , he stated that he had not seen his teammate at the time .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " During the January 2008 transfer window Beşiktaş wanted to loan him out to F.C . Köln in order for him to get more playing time , however the transfer did not take place due to FIFA rules for each football federation regarding age . According to the German Football Association Batuhan was classed as a minor and thus could not be transferred as he had a professional contract . 2010– : Later career . Batuhan was loaned out Eskişehirspor during the January 2009 transfer window . He started his loan scoring four goals in three league matches .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "At the end of the 2008–09 season Batuhan had an operation of his left shoulder , ruling him out of football for five weeks . In the summer transfer window of 2010 , Batuhan has moved to Eskişehirspor with permanent deal . Then , he was loaned again to Beşiktaş . At the end of his contract he signed a new deal with Trabzonspor . After playing half of the season with Trabzonspor , he was loaned to Elazığspor . At the end of the season Trabzonspor terminated his contract . Before the beginning of the 2014–15 season he signed",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "a new contract with Sivasspor .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 16 July 2019 , Karadeniz reagreed terms to extended his contract Balıkesirspor . Karadeniz scored twice at 9th week fixtures of 2018–19 TFF Second League Red Group game in which Balıkesirspor beat Niğde Belediyespor on 4–1 final score .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Batuhan has risen through the ranks of the Turkish national team . At the Under-16 and Under-17 levels he scored a total of 43 goals in 53 matches . At age 17 he was called up to the Turkish Under-21 squad to play in the U-21 European Championships qualifiers , making him the youngest player in the team .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "He was first called up to the senior Turkish team by Fatih Terim during Turkeys 2010 world Cup Qualifiers in October 2008 . He made his senior debut on 11 October 2008 , winning his first cap in the Group 5 game against Bosnia & Herzegovina .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " When he was only 18 years old , he was named as part of the squad for Turkeys friendly matches against the Ivory Coast in February 2009 but was an unused substitute .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Standing at nearly two meters , Batuhan has great aerial ability . He can play on the wings or in midfield as has scored many of his goals in this slightly more deeper position as a second striker .",
"title": "Playing style"
}
] |
/wiki/Batuhan_Karadeniz#P54#4
|
Which team did Batuhan Karadeniz play for after Nov 2016?
|
Batuhan Karadeniz Batuhan Karadeniz ( born 24 April 1991 ) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays for Hekimoğlu Trabzon . Club career . 2003–2010 : Beşiktaş J.K. . Karadeniz was regarded as a prospect player , scoring 226 goals in 86 matches at youth levels . His youth performance pulled attention of various clubs across European leagues . In 2006 , he signed a professional contract with Beşiktaş J.K . At his professional season , he made his Super League debut against another Istanbul team Kasımpaşa on the 2nd matchday of the Turkish Football League 2007-08 Season as he had been substituted on for Burak Yılmaz at half time , making made him the youngest player ever to appear in a Turkcell Super League game at the tender age of just 16 years and 115 days . Just 6 days later , he scored his first goal for Beşiktaş on August 25 against Gaziantepspor in the 95th minute and made a big contribution to his teams 3 points . Karadeniz became the youngest scorer ever at Süper Lig at the age of 16 . He made his UEFA Champions League debut against FC Zürich , making a substitute appearance in the 92nd minute , replacing Mert Nobre on 29 August 2007 , where game ended 2–0 for Beşiktaş . On 3 November 2007 , Batuhan came on as a substitute for Koray Avci in the 83rd minute against Fenerbahçe S.K. . He missed a very crucial chance for Kara Kartallar during the additional time ( 90+3 ) as he picked up a loose ball and faked the keeper Volkan Demirel , subsequently he tried to shoot despite having had two teammates unmarked by his side and in the end he could not generate enough power on his shot and Edu cleared the ball away . Beşiktas lost the game with a final score of 2–1 to Fenerbahçe overtook Beşiktaş by one point . Later , he said You [ must ] be the king , you dont make someone else the king . Although he was criticized by the Turkish press that he should have assisted Federico Higuaín in the match , he stated that he had not seen his teammate at the time . During the January 2008 transfer window Beşiktaş wanted to loan him out to F.C . Köln in order for him to get more playing time , however the transfer did not take place due to FIFA rules for each football federation regarding age . According to the German Football Association Batuhan was classed as a minor and thus could not be transferred as he had a professional contract . 2010– : Later career . Batuhan was loaned out Eskişehirspor during the January 2009 transfer window . He started his loan scoring four goals in three league matches . At the end of the 2008–09 season Batuhan had an operation of his left shoulder , ruling him out of football for five weeks . In the summer transfer window of 2010 , Batuhan has moved to Eskişehirspor with permanent deal . Then , he was loaned again to Beşiktaş . At the end of his contract he signed a new deal with Trabzonspor . After playing half of the season with Trabzonspor , he was loaned to Elazığspor . At the end of the season Trabzonspor terminated his contract . Before the beginning of the 2014–15 season he signed a new contract with Sivasspor . On 16 July 2019 , Karadeniz reagreed terms to extended his contract Balıkesirspor . Karadeniz scored twice at 9th week fixtures of 2018–19 TFF Second League Red Group game in which Balıkesirspor beat Niğde Belediyespor on 4–1 final score . International career . Batuhan has risen through the ranks of the Turkish national team . At the Under-16 and Under-17 levels he scored a total of 43 goals in 53 matches . At age 17 he was called up to the Turkish Under-21 squad to play in the U-21 European Championships qualifiers , making him the youngest player in the team . He was first called up to the senior Turkish team by Fatih Terim during Turkeys 2010 world Cup Qualifiers in October 2008 . He made his senior debut on 11 October 2008 , winning his first cap in the Group 5 game against Bosnia & Herzegovina . When he was only 18 years old , he was named as part of the squad for Turkeys friendly matches against the Ivory Coast in February 2009 but was an unused substitute . Playing style . Standing at nearly two meters , Batuhan has great aerial ability . He can play on the wings or in midfield as has scored many of his goals in this slightly more deeper position as a second striker .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Batuhan Karadeniz ( born 24 April 1991 ) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays for Hekimoğlu Trabzon .",
"title": "Batuhan Karadeniz"
},
{
"text": " 2003–2010 : Beşiktaş J.K. . Karadeniz was regarded as a prospect player , scoring 226 goals in 86 matches at youth levels . His youth performance pulled attention of various clubs across European leagues .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 , he signed a professional contract with Beşiktaş J.K . At his professional season , he made his Super League debut against another Istanbul team Kasımpaşa on the 2nd matchday of the Turkish Football League 2007-08 Season as he had been substituted on for Burak Yılmaz at half time , making made him the youngest player ever to appear in a Turkcell Super League game at the tender age of just 16 years and 115 days . Just 6 days later , he scored his first goal for Beşiktaş on August 25 against Gaziantepspor in the 95th minute",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "and made a big contribution to his teams 3 points . Karadeniz became the youngest scorer ever at Süper Lig at the age of 16 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " He made his UEFA Champions League debut against FC Zürich , making a substitute appearance in the 92nd minute , replacing Mert Nobre on 29 August 2007 , where game ended 2–0 for Beşiktaş .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 3 November 2007 , Batuhan came on as a substitute for Koray Avci in the 83rd minute against Fenerbahçe S.K. . He missed a very crucial chance for Kara Kartallar during the additional time ( 90+3 ) as he picked up a loose ball and faked the keeper Volkan Demirel , subsequently he tried to shoot despite having had two teammates unmarked by his side and in the end he could not generate enough power on his shot and Edu cleared the ball away . Beşiktas lost the game with a final score of 2–1 to Fenerbahçe overtook Beşiktaş",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "by one point . Later , he said You [ must ] be the king , you dont make someone else the king . Although he was criticized by the Turkish press that he should have assisted Federico Higuaín in the match , he stated that he had not seen his teammate at the time .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " During the January 2008 transfer window Beşiktaş wanted to loan him out to F.C . Köln in order for him to get more playing time , however the transfer did not take place due to FIFA rules for each football federation regarding age . According to the German Football Association Batuhan was classed as a minor and thus could not be transferred as he had a professional contract . 2010– : Later career . Batuhan was loaned out Eskişehirspor during the January 2009 transfer window . He started his loan scoring four goals in three league matches .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "At the end of the 2008–09 season Batuhan had an operation of his left shoulder , ruling him out of football for five weeks . In the summer transfer window of 2010 , Batuhan has moved to Eskişehirspor with permanent deal . Then , he was loaned again to Beşiktaş . At the end of his contract he signed a new deal with Trabzonspor . After playing half of the season with Trabzonspor , he was loaned to Elazığspor . At the end of the season Trabzonspor terminated his contract . Before the beginning of the 2014–15 season he signed",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "a new contract with Sivasspor .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 16 July 2019 , Karadeniz reagreed terms to extended his contract Balıkesirspor . Karadeniz scored twice at 9th week fixtures of 2018–19 TFF Second League Red Group game in which Balıkesirspor beat Niğde Belediyespor on 4–1 final score .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Batuhan has risen through the ranks of the Turkish national team . At the Under-16 and Under-17 levels he scored a total of 43 goals in 53 matches . At age 17 he was called up to the Turkish Under-21 squad to play in the U-21 European Championships qualifiers , making him the youngest player in the team .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "He was first called up to the senior Turkish team by Fatih Terim during Turkeys 2010 world Cup Qualifiers in October 2008 . He made his senior debut on 11 October 2008 , winning his first cap in the Group 5 game against Bosnia & Herzegovina .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " When he was only 18 years old , he was named as part of the squad for Turkeys friendly matches against the Ivory Coast in February 2009 but was an unused substitute .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Standing at nearly two meters , Batuhan has great aerial ability . He can play on the wings or in midfield as has scored many of his goals in this slightly more deeper position as a second striker .",
"title": "Playing style"
}
] |
/wiki/Vilhelm_Bjerknes#P463#0
|
What organization or association or team did Vilhelm Bjerknes join in 1936?
|
Vilhelm Bjerknes Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century . Life and career . Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world . Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) . Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) . In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models . It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in 1913 under the auspices of the Institution . In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces . In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own . In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) . From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society . He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist . The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor . Further reading . - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press . External links . - Family genealogy
|
[
"Pontifical Academy of Sciences"
] |
[
{
"text": " Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century .",
"title": "Vilhelm Bjerknes"
},
{
"text": "Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "1913 under the auspices of the Institution .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Family genealogy",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Vilhelm_Bjerknes#P463#1
|
What organization or association or team did Vilhelm Bjerknes join in May 1913?
|
Vilhelm Bjerknes Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century . Life and career . Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world . Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) . Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) . In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models . It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in 1913 under the auspices of the Institution . In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces . In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own . In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) . From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society . He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist . The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor . Further reading . - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press . External links . - Family genealogy
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century .",
"title": "Vilhelm Bjerknes"
},
{
"text": "Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "1913 under the auspices of the Institution .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Family genealogy",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Vilhelm_Bjerknes#P463#2
|
What organization or association or team did Vilhelm Bjerknes join in 1905?
|
Vilhelm Bjerknes Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century . Life and career . Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world . Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) . Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) . In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models . It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in 1913 under the auspices of the Institution . In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces . In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own . In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) . From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society . He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist . The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor . Further reading . - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press . External links . - Family genealogy
|
[
"Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences"
] |
[
{
"text": " Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century .",
"title": "Vilhelm Bjerknes"
},
{
"text": "Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "1913 under the auspices of the Institution .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Family genealogy",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Vilhelm_Bjerknes#P463#3
|
What organization or association or team did Vilhelm Bjerknes join in 1936?
|
Vilhelm Bjerknes Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century . Life and career . Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world . Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) . Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) . In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models . It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in 1913 under the auspices of the Institution . In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces . In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own . In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) . From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society . He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist . The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor . Further reading . - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press . External links . - Family genealogy
|
[
"Pontifical Academy of Sciences"
] |
[
{
"text": " Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century .",
"title": "Vilhelm Bjerknes"
},
{
"text": "Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "1913 under the auspices of the Institution .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Family genealogy",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Vilhelm_Bjerknes#P463#4
|
What organization or association or team did Vilhelm Bjerknes join in 1928?
|
Vilhelm Bjerknes Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century . Life and career . Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world . Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) . Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) . In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models . It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in 1913 under the auspices of the Institution . In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces . In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own . In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) . From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society . He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist . The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor . Further reading . - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press . External links . - Family genealogy
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century .",
"title": "Vilhelm Bjerknes"
},
{
"text": "Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "1913 under the auspices of the Institution .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Family genealogy",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Vilhelm_Bjerknes#P463#5
|
What organization or association or team did Vilhelm Bjerknes join in 1929?
|
Vilhelm Bjerknes Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century . Life and career . Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world . Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) . Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) . In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models . It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in 1913 under the auspices of the Institution . In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces . In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own . In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) . From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society . He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist . The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor . Further reading . - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press . External links . - Family genealogy
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century .",
"title": "Vilhelm Bjerknes"
},
{
"text": "Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "1913 under the auspices of the Institution .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Family genealogy",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Vilhelm_Bjerknes#P463#6
|
What organization or association or team did Vilhelm Bjerknes join in Sep 1917?
|
Vilhelm Bjerknes Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century . Life and career . Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world . Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) . Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) . In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models . It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in 1913 under the auspices of the Institution . In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces . In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own . In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) . From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society . He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist . The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor . Further reading . - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press . External links . - Family genealogy
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century .",
"title": "Vilhelm Bjerknes"
},
{
"text": "Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "1913 under the auspices of the Institution .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Family genealogy",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Vilhelm_Bjerknes#P463#7
|
What organization or association or team did Vilhelm Bjerknes join in 1893?
|
Vilhelm Bjerknes Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century . Life and career . Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world . Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) . Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) . In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models . It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in 1913 under the auspices of the Institution . In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces . In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own . In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) . From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society . He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist . The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor . Further reading . - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press . External links . - Family genealogy
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Vilhelm Friman Koren Bjerknes ( ; 14 March 1862 – 9 April 1951 ) was a Norwegian physicist and meteorologist who did much to found the modern practice of weather forecasting . He formulated the primitive equations that are still in use in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling , and he developed the so-called Bergen School of Meteorology , which was successful in advancing weather prediction and meteorology in the early 20th century .",
"title": "Vilhelm Bjerknes"
},
{
"text": "Born in Christiania ( later renamed Oslo ) , Bjerknes enjoyed an early exposure to fluid dynamics , as assistant to his father , Carl Anton Bjerknes , who had discovered by mathematical analysis the apparent actions at a distance between pulsating and oscillating bodies in a fluid , and their analogy with the electric and magnetic actions at a distance . Apparently no attempt had been made to demonstrate experimentally the theories arrived at by the older professor until Vilhelm Bjerknes , then about 17 or 18 years of age , turned his mathematical knowledge and mechanical abilities to",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "the devising of a series of instruments by which all the well-known phenomena of electricity and magnetism were illustrated and reproduced by spheres and discs and membranes set into rhythmic vibration in a bath containing a viscous fluid such as syrup . These demonstrations formed the most important exhibit in the department of physics at the Exposition Internationale dÉlectricité held in Paris in 1881 , and aroused greatest interest in the scientific world .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Vilhelm Bjerknes became assistant to Heinrich Hertz in Bonn 1890–1891 and made substantial contributions to Hertz work on electromagnetic resonance . He succeeded in giving the explanation of the phenomenon called multiple resonance , discovered by Sarasin and De la Rive . Continuing his experiments at the University of Christiania ( 1891–1892 ) , he proved experimentally the influence which the conductivity and the magnetic properties of the metallic conductors exert upon the electric oscillations , and measured the depth to which the electric oscillations penetrate in metals of different conductivity and magnetic permeability ( the skin effect ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Finally , in 1895 he furnished a complete theory of the phenomenon of electric resonance , involving a method of utilizing resonance experiments for the determination of the wavelengths , and especially of the damping ( the logarithmic decrement ) of the oscillations in the transmitter and the receiver of the electric oscillations . These methods contributed much to the development of wireless telegraphy . His papers on electric oscillations were published in Annalen der Physik ( 1891–1895 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In 1895 , he became professor of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of Stockholm where he had been lecturer since 1893 . There he elucidated the fundamental interaction between fluid dynamics and thermodynamics . His major contribution was the primitive equations which are used in climate models .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "It was this work that inspired both V . Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make modern weather forecasting feasible . Bjerknes himself had foreseen the possible applications as early as 1904 . This attack upon the meteorological problems from a hydrodynamical point of view was after 1906 supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington , D.C. , of which he became a research associate . Two introductory volumes , Statics and Kinematics , of a greater work , Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography , were published in",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "1913 under the auspices of the Institution .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In his 1906 work Fields of force , Bjerknes was the first to describe and mathematically derive translational forces on bubbles in an acoustic field , now known as Bjerknes forces .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In his Vorlesungen über Hydrodynamische Fernkräfte nach C . A . Bjerknes Theorie ( 1900–1902 ) he gave the first complete mathematical and experimental exposition of the discoveries of his father , whose age and excessive self-criticism had prevented him from finishing his work himself . In a later book , Die Kraftfelder ( 1909 ) , he stated the same theory in a very much generalized form according to methods of his own .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "In 1907 , Bjerknes returned to the Royal Frederick University in Oslo before becoming professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig in 1912 . In 1916 , he started the publication Synoptische Darstellung atmosphärischer Zustände über Europa . In 1917 , he founded the Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen where he wrote his book On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion ( 1921 ) , and laid the foundation for the Bergen School of Meteorology , which was not a literal school but a school of",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "thought on how the practice of weather forecasting and meteorology should be undertaken . He was the originator of an improved and more scientific weather service , afterwards controlled by his son and collaborator , the meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ( 1897–1975 ) .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " From 1926 to his retirement in 1932 he held a position at the University of Oslo . He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905 and of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was awarded the 1932 Symons Gold Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "He died of heart problems in Oslo . In 1893 Bjerknes had married Honoria Bonnevie , who in earlier years assisted him much in his scientific work . Their son Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes also became a meteorologist .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " The craters Bjerknes on the Moon and Bjerknes on Mars are named in his honor .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " - M.R . Friedman ( 1989 ) Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology . Cornell University Press .",
"title": "Further reading"
},
{
"text": " - Family genealogy",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steven_Fletcher_(politician)#P102#0
|
Which party was Steven Fletcher (politician) a member of in Dec 2001?
|
Steven Fletcher ( politician ) Steven John Fletcher ( born June 17 , 1972 ) is a Canadian politician . Fletcher was the leader of the Manitoba Party from 2018 to 2019 and an MLA in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly . Fletcher served in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015 , representing the riding of Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia as a member of the Conservative Party . In 2004 the then leader of the opposition Stephen Harper appointed Fletcher to the shadow cabinet as health critic . After the Conservatives formed government after the 2006 Canadian federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to Health in 2006 . He was appointed to cabinet in 2008 . He served on numerous cabinet committees . He was the Minister for Democratic Reform and then after the 2011 election , was appointed to Minister of State ( Transport ) . He was the first quadriplegic person and wheelchair user to serve in the House of Commons , as well as in Cabinet . Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) on October 30 , 2008 . After the Conservative Party victory on May 2 , 2011 , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Transport ) . In an effort to increase the number of women in cabinet , Fletcher was left out of cabinet in the July 15 , 2013 Cabinet shuffle by Prime Minister Stephen Harper . Although not officially in Cabinet , he continued to sit on the Treasury Board cabinet committee . Fletcher was defeated in the federal election of 2015 , but was elected six months later to the riding of Assiniboia in Manitobas 2016 provincial election serving until 2019 . Early life and career . Fletcher was born in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , where his Canadian father was working as an engineer . He was raised in Manitoba , and attended Shaftesbury High School in Winnipeg . Fletcher received a degree in Geological Engineering from the University of Manitoba in 1995 . He became a complete quadriplegic on January 11 , 1996 , after hitting a moose with his vehicle while travelling to a geological engineering job in northern Manitoba . The accident left him completely paralysed below the neck , and he now requires 24-hour-a-day attendant care . He was unable to speak for several months , and only regained this ability after a long process of recovery . In the immediate aftermath of his accident , Fletcher was told that he would have to spend the rest of his life in an institution . Years later , he joked : I dont think the doctors ever thought the institution would be Parliament . When asked about his disability during his first campaign for public office , he quipped : I would rather be paralyzed from the neck down than from the neck up . Before his accident , Fletcher was a wilderness canoe enthusiast . He served as president of the Manitoba Recreational Canoeing Association , was a two-time former Manitoba Kayak champion , and competed in national events . He was able to resume his life as an outdoorsman in the mid-2000s through inventions such as the TrailRider , a device which allows people with quadriplegia to travel over rough terrain . In late 2004 , he was able to stand again with the assistance of a hydraulic wheelchair . He went on to compete in water races , and has won awards using sip and puff steering technology . In 2006 , he visited the Burgess Shale in the Rocky Mountains with the help of a TrailRider and other hikers . Fletcher has said that the accident changed his political views . He acknowledges that he didnt give the less-fortunate any consideration before 1996 , but now describes himself as a compassionate conservative . Students union president . Fletcher returned to the University of Manitoba in 1997 to take a Master of Business Administration ( MBA ) program . He was elected president of the University of Manitoba Students Union ( UMSU ) in February 1999 , and identified his main priorities as improving the universitys public profile and increasing access for students in financial need . He also called for greater university access for disabled students and for higher aboriginal enrollment . In October 1999 , he met with federal Finance Minister Paul Martin to lobby for increased student funding . Fletchers political views often put him at odds with other campus organizations during much of his tenure , and he was sometimes accused of administrative bias against left-wing groups . In early 2000 , he supported a decision by student council to freeze university funding for The Manitoban , a campus newspaper with a left-leaning editorial board . He argued that the issue at stake was one of financial accountability , although his opponents suggested he was trying to infringe on the papers autonomy . Funding was restored when the newspaper staff agreed to accept an Ombudsman Board . Fletcher was elected as a director of the Canadian Alliance of Student Associations during his first term . He was re-elected student body president in 2000 , and presided over the elimination of the UMSUs debt in May 2000 . He credited a partnership with Starbucks for much of the councils $43,000 surplus . In late 2000 , Fletcher announced that he would seek the Progressive Conservative nomination for a provincial by-election in Tuxedo , which was occasioned by the resignation of PC leader and former Premier of Manitoba Gary Filmon from the legislature . Some of his opponents later tried to remove him as student president , arguing that such partisan activity was inappropriate for someone elected to represent the interests of all students . Fletcher argued that the universitys constitution did not prevent him from participating in provincial politics , and described his opponents as far left extremists . He lost the provincial nomination to Heather Stefanson . His opponents in the Graduate Students Association later voted to separate from UMSU , although the University of Manitoba refused to sanction the separation . Near the end of 2000 , Fletcher endorsed a report from the right-wing Fraser Institute which suggested that Canada would have to end university union contracts and professorial tenure to retain bright young academics . He was quoted as saying : There is merit . Youd have to break the union , I would guess . During the 2001 student election campaign , Fletcher , with the assistance of Colleen Bready , then UMSU vice-president , and a Security Services officer , performed an unannounced search of several student group offices . The affected groups included the Graduate Students Association , the Womyns Centre , the Amnesty International chapter , the U of M Recycling Group ( UMREG ) , the Rainbow Pride Mosaic , and the Manitoban . Fletcher and Bready said they had been made aware of a suspicion that campaign materials were being stored in the student group offices in violation of UMSU election bylaws . The search was condemned by other campus groups , with UMREG coordinator Rob Altemeyer describing Fletchers actions as completely inappropriate . Fletcher defended his actions , saying : Its UMSU space . We have the authority and the right to check [ student organization ] space at any time . Bready said they felt warranted since a slate of candidates had already been found guilty earlier in the week of using the Graduate Students Association office for campaign activities . In March 2001 , Fletcher called for a central co-ordination body to oversee Manitobas universities , arguing that the province is too small to have five universities offering the same thing . He opposed the provincial governments 2001 decision to build a new university in northern Manitoba . Fletcher finished his second and final term as student president in May 2001 , and received his MBA in 2002 . Political career . Party president . Fletcher was elected president of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba in November 2001 , and was re-elected in 2003 . His relationship with party leader Stuart Murray was sometimes fractious . Fletcher criticized Murray in 2002 for hiring discredited advisor Taras Sokolyk without informing him , and suggested that Murray had not acted enough to improve the state of the partys finances . After Fletchers election as party president , Manitoba Public Insurance announced that it would no longer provide travel expenses for his personal assistant . A representative for MPI argued that attending party functions was not a prerequisite for Fletchers stated career goal of becoming an elected politician , and indicated that the fund was not legally required to pay for these activities . Fletcher appealed this decision before the Manitoba Court of Appeal , hiring former New Democratic Party cabinet minister Sidney Green as his attorney . In May 2003 , the Court of Appeal ruled that MPI has the discretion to fund such activities under Section 138 of the MPI Act , but is not obliged to use this discretion . He later tried to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada , but the court twice declined to hear his case . Fletcher filed a lawsuit against former provincial cabinet minister Becky Barrett in September 2003 , arguing that she had maliciously interfered in his legal battles . Federal politician . In late 2003 , Fletcher defeated Don Murdock to win the Canadian Alliance nomination in Charleswood—St . James for the 2004 federal election . He later supported the merger of the Canadian Alliance with the more centrist Progressive Conservative Party of Canada , and endorsed Stephen Harpers bid to lead the merged Conservative Party of Canada in early 2004 . Fletchers Alliance nomination was rendered void by the merger , and he was required to contest another nomination for the new party . He defeated Murdock a second time , and was declared the ridings Conservative Party candidate in March 2004 . Fletcher defeated star Liberal candidate Glen Murray , a popular former Mayor of Winnipeg , by 734 votes in the 2004 election . His victory was considered an upset , although polls before election day indicated the result would be close . The Liberal Party won a minority government nationally , and Fletcher was named as Senior Health Critic in the Official Opposition . Fletcher is the first Member of Parliament ( MP ) in Canadian history with a permanent disability . A running joke during his first campaign was that he would have to be a front bench MP , as the backbenches are not wheelchair-accessible . His election created the need for a stranger to the House—a person who is not officially an MP or officer of Parliament—in this case , his aide , to be on the floor of the Commons during sessions . The Parliament buildings had to be adapted to accommodate Fletcher . In Ottawa , Fletcher has advocated for community living , the integration of physically or mentally challenged individuals into society . He has said , “Community living is better for the individual for sure , better for their families , and in most cases—not all—it’s better on the taxpayer too.” Opposition MP . As Conservative Health Critic , Fletcher described himself as a supporter of the Canada Health Act but also indicated a willingness to permit greater private-sector involvement . He suggested that the government is notorious for stifling innovation , and argued that the private sector should not be pigeonholed like doctors who tried to pigeonhole me . Liberal Health Minister Ujjal Dosanjh responded by arguing that the Conservative position would jeopardize the principles of the Canada Health Act . On April 20 , 2005 , the House of Commons supported Fletchers Motion to compensate all Canadians who were infected with Hepatitis C by the Canadian Red Cross as a result of its failure to test blood samples . This was a major development in a decade-long struggle to have the pre-1986 and post-1990 Hepatitis C victims included in a federal compensation package . A compensation funding package was announced in 2006 . The following month , Fletcher became involved in a controversy unrelated to his parliamentary duties . On May 21 , 2005 , he apologized for saying The Japs were bastards at a veterans convention in Winnipeg the previous week , in reference to Japanese Imperial Army during World War II . He defended the general intent of his remarks , noting that his grandfather had witnessed the Japanese army commit atrocities when he was taken as a prisoner of war after that fall of Singapore . He also acknowledged that he used language that was inappropriate . In November 2005 , Fletcher and New Democratic Party MP Pat Martin endorsed a motion to minimize trans fats in the Canadian food supply . A task force to investigate the issue of trans fats was subsequently struck and provided recommendations to the government in 2007 . Government MP . Fletcher was re-elected with an increased majority in the 2006 federal election , as the Conservatives won a minority government nationally . After the election , he was appointed as parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Health and the minister for the Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario . Fletcher supported Sam Katzs bid for re-election as Mayor of Winnipeg in 2006 . In late 2006 , he assisted Liberal MP Andy Scott in presenting a motion for a national strategy on the treatment of persons with autism . He received a 2006 Champion of Mental Health Award . Fletcher has received awards for community involvement , including a special award from the National Cancer Leadership Forum for advocating a national cancer strategy . He has also received the Courage and Leadership Award from the Canadian Cancer Society , and was inducted into the Terry Fox Hall of Fame on November 13 , 2006 . Fletcher was also awarded the King Clancy Award , as well as being a recipient of her Majestys Golden Jubilee Medal for his contributions to Canada . Fletcher has advocated for embryonic stem cell research using embryos that would otherwise be discarded from in-vitro fertilization techniques . He stated on CBCs The National , I would ask this question . A Canadian who finds themselves with a terrible ailment or a loved one with a terrible ailment and there is a cure that is derived by embryonic stem cell research , would they deny their loved one or themselves that cure because of the source of the cure ? Most Canadians would say please , cure me . In March 2007 , Fletcher began a campaign to have Ottawas taxi service improve its wheelchair accessibility . Former Manitoba MLA Linda McIntosh wrote a book about Fletchers life , entitled What Do You Do If You Dont Die? , released in December 2008 . Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) . After being elected for a third time in the 2008 federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State for Democratic Reform on October 30 , 2008 . Fletcher is the first person in history with a permanent disability to be named to the Canadian cabinet . At the time of his appointment , he was quoted saying “I would pinch myself if I could.” Fletcher is only the third federal Conservative cabinet minister from a Winnipeg riding . The previous two were Gordon Churchill during the 1950s and Hugh John Macdonald , son of the first Canadian prime minister John A . Macdonald , who served as a cabinet minister in the late 19th century . On March 4 , 2010 , Fletcher received the Christopher Reeve Award from the Canadian Paraplegic Association . Teren Clarke , Executive Director of the Canadian Paraplegic Association , said when the announcement was made : “Steven Fletcher’s journey is an inspiration to all of us since sustaining a high level spinal cord injury only a few years ago . And now as a member of the Federal Cabinet , he deals with matters well beyond the scope of disability issues , and that deserves our recognition with this national/international award.” Minister of State ( Transport ) . Fletcher was re-elected in the 2011 federal election , winning 58 percent of votes . As Minister of State for Transport , Fletchers new responsibilities fall within the larger portfolio of the Honourable Denis Lebel , Minister of Transport , Infrastructure and Communities . In addition to continuing to serve on Treasury Board , Minister Fletcher also served on the Cabinet Committee on Economic Prosperity and Sustainable Growth . “When it comes to Canada’s transportation systems , our Government is committed to protecting the safety and security of Canadians,” said Fletcher . As Minister of State , Fletcher was responsible for the Crown Corporations the fall within the Transport portfolio . These include but are not limited to ; Canada Post , VIA Rail , Canadian Air Transport Security Authority ( CATSA ) , Ridley Coal Terminals , and half a dozen federally owned bridges . Fletcher also conducted National Round Tables on Infrastructure in the year 2012 to help develop a National Infrastructure Program . In budget 2013 a $70 billion investment over 10 years into infrastructure was announced by the Minister of Finance Jim Flaherty . On January 16 , 2012 , Fletcher announced that he was temporarily stepping down from his position as Minister of State for Transport for an unspecified medical procedure . Fletcher underwent a 12-hour surgery on January 19 , 2012 . The doctors removed an old titanium rod and replaced it with a much longer rod , this time secured to the back of his neck , not the front . It stretches from the middle of Fletchers head to the middle of his back . If our civilization lasts 1,000 years , my neck will last 1,000 years . It feels better than I can remember , Fletcher said . On March 26 , 2012 , Fletcher returned to office and resumed full activities as Minister of State ( Transport ) and Member of Parliament for Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia . On July 15 , 2013 , Fletcher was moved from Cabinet by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in order to make way for more women in a wide-ranging cabinet shuffle that saw several members of the Cabinet replaced . Fletcher stated on Twitter I am Conservative . I am a traditionalist . I wish I had left Cabinet in the traditional way—with a sex scandal . Prime Minister Harper kept Fletcher on Treasury Board after the Cabinet shuffle . Fletcher was the longest serving member on the board . In March 2014 , Fletcher introduced a private members bill to make physician-assisted death legal under Canadian laws . When the Supreme Court struck down the law prohibiting assisted suicide in February 2015 , Fletcher spoke out in support of the courts ruling . The Supreme Court quoted part of Fletchers private members bill verbatim in its decision . During the 2015 election campaign , Fletcher released a memoir , Master of My Own Fate , co-written with Linda McIntosh . The book chronicles the seven years after the end of McIntoshs first biography What Do You Do If You Dont Die ? The book describes events leading up to Fletcher introducing his two private members bills on physician-assisted death . It also provides anecdotes on people and events on Parliament Hill including the October 2014 shooting at Parliament Hill and well known Conservatives who are now deceased including former finance minister Jim Flaherty and former senator Doug Finley . The views of other former and current parliamentarians on this issue include Senators Nancy Ruth and Larry Campbell , MP Peter Kent , former MP Svend Robinson and Green Party leader Elizabeth May . Fletcher was defeated in the 2015 federal election , contesting the renamed Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley , by Liberal Doug Eyolfson as the Conservatives lost all six of their seats in Winnipeg . Provincial MLA . Six months after his defeat , Fletcher moved to provincial politics when he was elected for as the Progressive Conservative MLA for Assiniboia , which covers much of his former federal riding . Fletcher was later removed from the PC caucus after publicly breaking with the party on multiple issues , specifically the creation of a new Crown Corporation and the Manitoba governments attempt to introduce a carbon tax . On August 14 , 2018 , Fletcher became leader of the Manitoba Party . He resigned as leader on April 22 , 2019 . He did not run in the 2019 provincial election . Return to federal politics . On May 22 , 2019 , Fletcher announced he would run again for his former seat in Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley as the candidate of the Peoples Party of Canada ( PPC ) , led by another former Conservative minister , Maxime Bernier . Fletcher claimed that he and Bernier are ideological soulmates . He came in fifth out of seven candidates in the election on October 21 , with Conservative candidate Marty Morantz , a lawyer and former Winnipeg City Council member , winning the seat from Liberal MP Doug Eyolfson . During the campaign , Fletcher saw some controversy for reusing signs from his prior federal and provincial Tory campaigns for his PPC campaign , though he argued that Elections Canada did not forbid this practice . Electoral record . Federal elections . All electoral information is taken from Elections Canada . Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals , and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available . External links . - Steven Fletcher official site - The Steven Fletcher Story
|
[
"Canadian Alliance"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven John Fletcher ( born June 17 , 1972 ) is a Canadian politician . Fletcher was the leader of the Manitoba Party from 2018 to 2019 and an MLA in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher served in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015 , representing the riding of Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia as a member of the Conservative Party . In 2004 the then leader of the opposition Stephen Harper appointed Fletcher to the shadow cabinet as health critic . After the Conservatives formed government after the 2006 Canadian federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to Health in 2006 . He was appointed to cabinet in 2008 . He served on numerous cabinet committees . He was the Minister for Democratic Reform and then after the 2011 election",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": ", was appointed to Minister of State ( Transport ) . He was the first quadriplegic person and wheelchair user to serve in the House of Commons , as well as in Cabinet . Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) on October 30 , 2008 . After the Conservative Party victory on May 2 , 2011 , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Transport ) .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " In an effort to increase the number of women in cabinet , Fletcher was left out of cabinet in the July 15 , 2013 Cabinet shuffle by Prime Minister Stephen Harper . Although not officially in Cabinet , he continued to sit on the Treasury Board cabinet committee . Fletcher was defeated in the federal election of 2015 , but was elected six months later to the riding of Assiniboia in Manitobas 2016 provincial election serving until 2019 . Early life and career .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher was born in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , where his Canadian father was working as an engineer . He was raised in Manitoba , and attended Shaftesbury High School in Winnipeg . Fletcher received a degree in Geological Engineering from the University of Manitoba in 1995 .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " He became a complete quadriplegic on January 11 , 1996 , after hitting a moose with his vehicle while travelling to a geological engineering job in northern Manitoba . The accident left him completely paralysed below the neck , and he now requires 24-hour-a-day attendant care . He was unable to speak for several months , and only regained this ability after a long process of recovery .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "In the immediate aftermath of his accident , Fletcher was told that he would have to spend the rest of his life in an institution . Years later , he joked : I dont think the doctors ever thought the institution would be Parliament . When asked about his disability during his first campaign for public office , he quipped : I would rather be paralyzed from the neck down than from the neck up .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "Before his accident , Fletcher was a wilderness canoe enthusiast . He served as president of the Manitoba Recreational Canoeing Association , was a two-time former Manitoba Kayak champion , and competed in national events . He was able to resume his life as an outdoorsman in the mid-2000s through inventions such as the TrailRider , a device which allows people with quadriplegia to travel over rough terrain . In late 2004 , he was able to stand again with the assistance of a hydraulic wheelchair . He went on to compete in water races , and has won awards",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "using sip and puff steering technology . In 2006 , he visited the Burgess Shale in the Rocky Mountains with the help of a TrailRider and other hikers .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher has said that the accident changed his political views . He acknowledges that he didnt give the less-fortunate any consideration before 1996 , but now describes himself as a compassionate conservative .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher returned to the University of Manitoba in 1997 to take a Master of Business Administration ( MBA ) program . He was elected president of the University of Manitoba Students Union ( UMSU ) in February 1999 , and identified his main priorities as improving the universitys public profile and increasing access for students in financial need . He also called for greater university access for disabled students and for higher aboriginal enrollment . In October 1999 , he met with federal Finance Minister Paul Martin to lobby for increased student funding .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "Fletchers political views often put him at odds with other campus organizations during much of his tenure , and he was sometimes accused of administrative bias against left-wing groups . In early 2000 , he supported a decision by student council to freeze university funding for The Manitoban , a campus newspaper with a left-leaning editorial board . He argued that the issue at stake was one of financial accountability , although his opponents suggested he was trying to infringe on the papers autonomy . Funding was restored when the newspaper staff agreed to accept an Ombudsman Board .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was elected as a director of the Canadian Alliance of Student Associations during his first term . He was re-elected student body president in 2000 , and presided over the elimination of the UMSUs debt in May 2000 . He credited a partnership with Starbucks for much of the councils $43,000 surplus .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "In late 2000 , Fletcher announced that he would seek the Progressive Conservative nomination for a provincial by-election in Tuxedo , which was occasioned by the resignation of PC leader and former Premier of Manitoba Gary Filmon from the legislature . Some of his opponents later tried to remove him as student president , arguing that such partisan activity was inappropriate for someone elected to represent the interests of all students . Fletcher argued that the universitys constitution did not prevent him from participating in provincial politics , and described his opponents as far left extremists . He lost the",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "provincial nomination to Heather Stefanson . His opponents in the Graduate Students Association later voted to separate from UMSU , although the University of Manitoba refused to sanction the separation .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " Near the end of 2000 , Fletcher endorsed a report from the right-wing Fraser Institute which suggested that Canada would have to end university union contracts and professorial tenure to retain bright young academics . He was quoted as saying : There is merit . Youd have to break the union , I would guess .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "During the 2001 student election campaign , Fletcher , with the assistance of Colleen Bready , then UMSU vice-president , and a Security Services officer , performed an unannounced search of several student group offices . The affected groups included the Graduate Students Association , the Womyns Centre , the Amnesty International chapter , the U of M Recycling Group ( UMREG ) , the Rainbow Pride Mosaic , and the Manitoban . Fletcher and Bready said they had been made aware of a suspicion that campaign materials were being stored in the student group offices in violation of UMSU",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "election bylaws . The search was condemned by other campus groups , with UMREG coordinator Rob Altemeyer describing Fletchers actions as completely inappropriate . Fletcher defended his actions , saying : Its UMSU space . We have the authority and the right to check [ student organization ] space at any time . Bready said they felt warranted since a slate of candidates had already been found guilty earlier in the week of using the Graduate Students Association office for campaign activities .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " In March 2001 , Fletcher called for a central co-ordination body to oversee Manitobas universities , arguing that the province is too small to have five universities offering the same thing . He opposed the provincial governments 2001 decision to build a new university in northern Manitoba . Fletcher finished his second and final term as student president in May 2001 , and received his MBA in 2002 .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was elected president of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba in November 2001 , and was re-elected in 2003 . His relationship with party leader Stuart Murray was sometimes fractious . Fletcher criticized Murray in 2002 for hiring discredited advisor Taras Sokolyk without informing him , and suggested that Murray had not acted enough to improve the state of the partys finances .",
"title": "Party president"
},
{
"text": "After Fletchers election as party president , Manitoba Public Insurance announced that it would no longer provide travel expenses for his personal assistant . A representative for MPI argued that attending party functions was not a prerequisite for Fletchers stated career goal of becoming an elected politician , and indicated that the fund was not legally required to pay for these activities . Fletcher appealed this decision before the Manitoba Court of Appeal , hiring former New Democratic Party cabinet minister Sidney Green as his attorney . In May 2003 , the Court of Appeal ruled that MPI has the",
"title": "Party president"
},
{
"text": "discretion to fund such activities under Section 138 of the MPI Act , but is not obliged to use this discretion . He later tried to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada , but the court twice declined to hear his case . Fletcher filed a lawsuit against former provincial cabinet minister Becky Barrett in September 2003 , arguing that she had maliciously interfered in his legal battles .",
"title": "Party president"
},
{
"text": "In late 2003 , Fletcher defeated Don Murdock to win the Canadian Alliance nomination in Charleswood—St . James for the 2004 federal election . He later supported the merger of the Canadian Alliance with the more centrist Progressive Conservative Party of Canada , and endorsed Stephen Harpers bid to lead the merged Conservative Party of Canada in early 2004 . Fletchers Alliance nomination was rendered void by the merger , and he was required to contest another nomination for the new party . He defeated Murdock a second time , and was declared the ridings Conservative Party candidate in March",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": "2004 .",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher defeated star Liberal candidate Glen Murray , a popular former Mayor of Winnipeg , by 734 votes in the 2004 election . His victory was considered an upset , although polls before election day indicated the result would be close . The Liberal Party won a minority government nationally , and Fletcher was named as Senior Health Critic in the Official Opposition .",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher is the first Member of Parliament ( MP ) in Canadian history with a permanent disability . A running joke during his first campaign was that he would have to be a front bench MP , as the backbenches are not wheelchair-accessible . His election created the need for a stranger to the House—a person who is not officially an MP or officer of Parliament—in this case , his aide , to be on the floor of the Commons during sessions .",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": " The Parliament buildings had to be adapted to accommodate Fletcher . In Ottawa , Fletcher has advocated for community living , the integration of physically or mentally challenged individuals into society . He has said , “Community living is better for the individual for sure , better for their families , and in most cases—not all—it’s better on the taxpayer too.”",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": " As Conservative Health Critic , Fletcher described himself as a supporter of the Canada Health Act but also indicated a willingness to permit greater private-sector involvement . He suggested that the government is notorious for stifling innovation , and argued that the private sector should not be pigeonholed like doctors who tried to pigeonhole me . Liberal Health Minister Ujjal Dosanjh responded by arguing that the Conservative position would jeopardize the principles of the Canada Health Act .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": "On April 20 , 2005 , the House of Commons supported Fletchers Motion to compensate all Canadians who were infected with Hepatitis C by the Canadian Red Cross as a result of its failure to test blood samples . This was a major development in a decade-long struggle to have the pre-1986 and post-1990 Hepatitis C victims included in a federal compensation package . A compensation funding package was announced in 2006 .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": " The following month , Fletcher became involved in a controversy unrelated to his parliamentary duties . On May 21 , 2005 , he apologized for saying The Japs were bastards at a veterans convention in Winnipeg the previous week , in reference to Japanese Imperial Army during World War II . He defended the general intent of his remarks , noting that his grandfather had witnessed the Japanese army commit atrocities when he was taken as a prisoner of war after that fall of Singapore . He also acknowledged that he used language that was inappropriate .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": "In November 2005 , Fletcher and New Democratic Party MP Pat Martin endorsed a motion to minimize trans fats in the Canadian food supply . A task force to investigate the issue of trans fats was subsequently struck and provided recommendations to the government in 2007 .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was re-elected with an increased majority in the 2006 federal election , as the Conservatives won a minority government nationally . After the election , he was appointed as parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Health and the minister for the Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher supported Sam Katzs bid for re-election as Mayor of Winnipeg in 2006 . In late 2006 , he assisted Liberal MP Andy Scott in presenting a motion for a national strategy on the treatment of persons with autism . He received a 2006 Champion of Mental Health Award .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher has received awards for community involvement , including a special award from the National Cancer Leadership Forum for advocating a national cancer strategy . He has also received the Courage and Leadership Award from the Canadian Cancer Society , and was inducted into the Terry Fox Hall of Fame on November 13 , 2006 . Fletcher was also awarded the King Clancy Award , as well as being a recipient of her Majestys Golden Jubilee Medal for his contributions to Canada .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher has advocated for embryonic stem cell research using embryos that would otherwise be discarded from in-vitro fertilization techniques . He stated on CBCs The National , I would ask this question . A Canadian who finds themselves with a terrible ailment or a loved one with a terrible ailment and there is a cure that is derived by embryonic stem cell research , would they deny their loved one or themselves that cure because of the source of the cure ? Most Canadians would say please , cure me .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " In March 2007 , Fletcher began a campaign to have Ottawas taxi service improve its wheelchair accessibility . Former Manitoba MLA Linda McIntosh wrote a book about Fletchers life , entitled What Do You Do If You Dont Die? , released in December 2008 . Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "After being elected for a third time in the 2008 federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State for Democratic Reform on October 30 , 2008 . Fletcher is the first person in history with a permanent disability to be named to the Canadian cabinet . At the time of his appointment , he was quoted saying “I would pinch myself if I could.”",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher is only the third federal Conservative cabinet minister from a Winnipeg riding . The previous two were Gordon Churchill during the 1950s and Hugh John Macdonald , son of the first Canadian prime minister John A . Macdonald , who served as a cabinet minister in the late 19th century .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "On March 4 , 2010 , Fletcher received the Christopher Reeve Award from the Canadian Paraplegic Association . Teren Clarke , Executive Director of the Canadian Paraplegic Association , said when the announcement was made : “Steven Fletcher’s journey is an inspiration to all of us since sustaining a high level spinal cord injury only a few years ago . And now as a member of the Federal Cabinet , he deals with matters well beyond the scope of disability issues , and that deserves our recognition with this national/international award.”",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Minister of State ( Transport ) . Fletcher was re-elected in the 2011 federal election , winning 58 percent of votes . As Minister of State for Transport , Fletchers new responsibilities fall within the larger portfolio of the Honourable Denis Lebel , Minister of Transport , Infrastructure and Communities . In addition to continuing to serve on Treasury Board , Minister Fletcher also served on the Cabinet Committee on Economic Prosperity and Sustainable Growth . “When it comes to Canada’s transportation systems , our Government is committed to protecting the safety and security of Canadians,” said Fletcher .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "As Minister of State , Fletcher was responsible for the Crown Corporations the fall within the Transport portfolio . These include but are not limited to ; Canada Post , VIA Rail , Canadian Air Transport Security Authority ( CATSA ) , Ridley Coal Terminals , and half a dozen federally owned bridges . Fletcher also conducted National Round Tables on Infrastructure in the year 2012 to help develop a National Infrastructure Program . In budget 2013 a $70 billion investment over 10 years into infrastructure was announced by the Minister of Finance Jim Flaherty .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "On January 16 , 2012 , Fletcher announced that he was temporarily stepping down from his position as Minister of State for Transport for an unspecified medical procedure . Fletcher underwent a 12-hour surgery on January 19 , 2012 . The doctors removed an old titanium rod and replaced it with a much longer rod , this time secured to the back of his neck , not the front . It stretches from the middle of Fletchers head to the middle of his back . If our civilization lasts 1,000 years , my neck will last 1,000 years . It",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "feels better than I can remember , Fletcher said .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " On March 26 , 2012 , Fletcher returned to office and resumed full activities as Minister of State ( Transport ) and Member of Parliament for Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "On July 15 , 2013 , Fletcher was moved from Cabinet by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in order to make way for more women in a wide-ranging cabinet shuffle that saw several members of the Cabinet replaced . Fletcher stated on Twitter I am Conservative . I am a traditionalist . I wish I had left Cabinet in the traditional way—with a sex scandal . Prime Minister Harper kept Fletcher on Treasury Board after the Cabinet shuffle . Fletcher was the longest serving member on the board .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " In March 2014 , Fletcher introduced a private members bill to make physician-assisted death legal under Canadian laws . When the Supreme Court struck down the law prohibiting assisted suicide in February 2015 , Fletcher spoke out in support of the courts ruling . The Supreme Court quoted part of Fletchers private members bill verbatim in its decision .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "During the 2015 election campaign , Fletcher released a memoir , Master of My Own Fate , co-written with Linda McIntosh . The book chronicles the seven years after the end of McIntoshs first biography What Do You Do If You Dont Die ? The book describes events leading up to Fletcher introducing his two private members bills on physician-assisted death . It also provides anecdotes on people and events on Parliament Hill including the October 2014 shooting at Parliament Hill and well known Conservatives who are now deceased including former finance minister Jim Flaherty and former senator Doug Finley",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": ". The views of other former and current parliamentarians on this issue include Senators Nancy Ruth and Larry Campbell , MP Peter Kent , former MP Svend Robinson and Green Party leader Elizabeth May .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was defeated in the 2015 federal election , contesting the renamed Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley , by Liberal Doug Eyolfson as the Conservatives lost all six of their seats in Winnipeg .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Six months after his defeat , Fletcher moved to provincial politics when he was elected for as the Progressive Conservative MLA for Assiniboia , which covers much of his former federal riding .",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher was later removed from the PC caucus after publicly breaking with the party on multiple issues , specifically the creation of a new Crown Corporation and the Manitoba governments attempt to introduce a carbon tax . On August 14 , 2018 , Fletcher became leader of the Manitoba Party . He resigned as leader on April 22 , 2019 . He did not run in the 2019 provincial election .",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": "On May 22 , 2019 , Fletcher announced he would run again for his former seat in Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley as the candidate of the Peoples Party of Canada ( PPC ) , led by another former Conservative minister , Maxime Bernier . Fletcher claimed that he and Bernier are ideological soulmates . He came in fifth out of seven candidates in the election on October 21 , with Conservative candidate Marty Morantz , a lawyer and former Winnipeg City Council member , winning the seat from Liberal MP Doug Eyolfson . During the campaign , Fletcher saw some controversy",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": "for reusing signs from his prior federal and provincial Tory campaigns for his PPC campaign , though he argued that Elections Canada did not forbid this practice .",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": " All electoral information is taken from Elections Canada . Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals , and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available .",
"title": "Federal elections"
},
{
"text": " - Steven Fletcher official site - The Steven Fletcher Story",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steven_Fletcher_(politician)#P102#1
|
Which party was Steven Fletcher (politician) a member of in Mar 2006?
|
Steven Fletcher ( politician ) Steven John Fletcher ( born June 17 , 1972 ) is a Canadian politician . Fletcher was the leader of the Manitoba Party from 2018 to 2019 and an MLA in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly . Fletcher served in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015 , representing the riding of Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia as a member of the Conservative Party . In 2004 the then leader of the opposition Stephen Harper appointed Fletcher to the shadow cabinet as health critic . After the Conservatives formed government after the 2006 Canadian federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to Health in 2006 . He was appointed to cabinet in 2008 . He served on numerous cabinet committees . He was the Minister for Democratic Reform and then after the 2011 election , was appointed to Minister of State ( Transport ) . He was the first quadriplegic person and wheelchair user to serve in the House of Commons , as well as in Cabinet . Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) on October 30 , 2008 . After the Conservative Party victory on May 2 , 2011 , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Transport ) . In an effort to increase the number of women in cabinet , Fletcher was left out of cabinet in the July 15 , 2013 Cabinet shuffle by Prime Minister Stephen Harper . Although not officially in Cabinet , he continued to sit on the Treasury Board cabinet committee . Fletcher was defeated in the federal election of 2015 , but was elected six months later to the riding of Assiniboia in Manitobas 2016 provincial election serving until 2019 . Early life and career . Fletcher was born in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , where his Canadian father was working as an engineer . He was raised in Manitoba , and attended Shaftesbury High School in Winnipeg . Fletcher received a degree in Geological Engineering from the University of Manitoba in 1995 . He became a complete quadriplegic on January 11 , 1996 , after hitting a moose with his vehicle while travelling to a geological engineering job in northern Manitoba . The accident left him completely paralysed below the neck , and he now requires 24-hour-a-day attendant care . He was unable to speak for several months , and only regained this ability after a long process of recovery . In the immediate aftermath of his accident , Fletcher was told that he would have to spend the rest of his life in an institution . Years later , he joked : I dont think the doctors ever thought the institution would be Parliament . When asked about his disability during his first campaign for public office , he quipped : I would rather be paralyzed from the neck down than from the neck up . Before his accident , Fletcher was a wilderness canoe enthusiast . He served as president of the Manitoba Recreational Canoeing Association , was a two-time former Manitoba Kayak champion , and competed in national events . He was able to resume his life as an outdoorsman in the mid-2000s through inventions such as the TrailRider , a device which allows people with quadriplegia to travel over rough terrain . In late 2004 , he was able to stand again with the assistance of a hydraulic wheelchair . He went on to compete in water races , and has won awards using sip and puff steering technology . In 2006 , he visited the Burgess Shale in the Rocky Mountains with the help of a TrailRider and other hikers . Fletcher has said that the accident changed his political views . He acknowledges that he didnt give the less-fortunate any consideration before 1996 , but now describes himself as a compassionate conservative . Students union president . Fletcher returned to the University of Manitoba in 1997 to take a Master of Business Administration ( MBA ) program . He was elected president of the University of Manitoba Students Union ( UMSU ) in February 1999 , and identified his main priorities as improving the universitys public profile and increasing access for students in financial need . He also called for greater university access for disabled students and for higher aboriginal enrollment . In October 1999 , he met with federal Finance Minister Paul Martin to lobby for increased student funding . Fletchers political views often put him at odds with other campus organizations during much of his tenure , and he was sometimes accused of administrative bias against left-wing groups . In early 2000 , he supported a decision by student council to freeze university funding for The Manitoban , a campus newspaper with a left-leaning editorial board . He argued that the issue at stake was one of financial accountability , although his opponents suggested he was trying to infringe on the papers autonomy . Funding was restored when the newspaper staff agreed to accept an Ombudsman Board . Fletcher was elected as a director of the Canadian Alliance of Student Associations during his first term . He was re-elected student body president in 2000 , and presided over the elimination of the UMSUs debt in May 2000 . He credited a partnership with Starbucks for much of the councils $43,000 surplus . In late 2000 , Fletcher announced that he would seek the Progressive Conservative nomination for a provincial by-election in Tuxedo , which was occasioned by the resignation of PC leader and former Premier of Manitoba Gary Filmon from the legislature . Some of his opponents later tried to remove him as student president , arguing that such partisan activity was inappropriate for someone elected to represent the interests of all students . Fletcher argued that the universitys constitution did not prevent him from participating in provincial politics , and described his opponents as far left extremists . He lost the provincial nomination to Heather Stefanson . His opponents in the Graduate Students Association later voted to separate from UMSU , although the University of Manitoba refused to sanction the separation . Near the end of 2000 , Fletcher endorsed a report from the right-wing Fraser Institute which suggested that Canada would have to end university union contracts and professorial tenure to retain bright young academics . He was quoted as saying : There is merit . Youd have to break the union , I would guess . During the 2001 student election campaign , Fletcher , with the assistance of Colleen Bready , then UMSU vice-president , and a Security Services officer , performed an unannounced search of several student group offices . The affected groups included the Graduate Students Association , the Womyns Centre , the Amnesty International chapter , the U of M Recycling Group ( UMREG ) , the Rainbow Pride Mosaic , and the Manitoban . Fletcher and Bready said they had been made aware of a suspicion that campaign materials were being stored in the student group offices in violation of UMSU election bylaws . The search was condemned by other campus groups , with UMREG coordinator Rob Altemeyer describing Fletchers actions as completely inappropriate . Fletcher defended his actions , saying : Its UMSU space . We have the authority and the right to check [ student organization ] space at any time . Bready said they felt warranted since a slate of candidates had already been found guilty earlier in the week of using the Graduate Students Association office for campaign activities . In March 2001 , Fletcher called for a central co-ordination body to oversee Manitobas universities , arguing that the province is too small to have five universities offering the same thing . He opposed the provincial governments 2001 decision to build a new university in northern Manitoba . Fletcher finished his second and final term as student president in May 2001 , and received his MBA in 2002 . Political career . Party president . Fletcher was elected president of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba in November 2001 , and was re-elected in 2003 . His relationship with party leader Stuart Murray was sometimes fractious . Fletcher criticized Murray in 2002 for hiring discredited advisor Taras Sokolyk without informing him , and suggested that Murray had not acted enough to improve the state of the partys finances . After Fletchers election as party president , Manitoba Public Insurance announced that it would no longer provide travel expenses for his personal assistant . A representative for MPI argued that attending party functions was not a prerequisite for Fletchers stated career goal of becoming an elected politician , and indicated that the fund was not legally required to pay for these activities . Fletcher appealed this decision before the Manitoba Court of Appeal , hiring former New Democratic Party cabinet minister Sidney Green as his attorney . In May 2003 , the Court of Appeal ruled that MPI has the discretion to fund such activities under Section 138 of the MPI Act , but is not obliged to use this discretion . He later tried to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada , but the court twice declined to hear his case . Fletcher filed a lawsuit against former provincial cabinet minister Becky Barrett in September 2003 , arguing that she had maliciously interfered in his legal battles . Federal politician . In late 2003 , Fletcher defeated Don Murdock to win the Canadian Alliance nomination in Charleswood—St . James for the 2004 federal election . He later supported the merger of the Canadian Alliance with the more centrist Progressive Conservative Party of Canada , and endorsed Stephen Harpers bid to lead the merged Conservative Party of Canada in early 2004 . Fletchers Alliance nomination was rendered void by the merger , and he was required to contest another nomination for the new party . He defeated Murdock a second time , and was declared the ridings Conservative Party candidate in March 2004 . Fletcher defeated star Liberal candidate Glen Murray , a popular former Mayor of Winnipeg , by 734 votes in the 2004 election . His victory was considered an upset , although polls before election day indicated the result would be close . The Liberal Party won a minority government nationally , and Fletcher was named as Senior Health Critic in the Official Opposition . Fletcher is the first Member of Parliament ( MP ) in Canadian history with a permanent disability . A running joke during his first campaign was that he would have to be a front bench MP , as the backbenches are not wheelchair-accessible . His election created the need for a stranger to the House—a person who is not officially an MP or officer of Parliament—in this case , his aide , to be on the floor of the Commons during sessions . The Parliament buildings had to be adapted to accommodate Fletcher . In Ottawa , Fletcher has advocated for community living , the integration of physically or mentally challenged individuals into society . He has said , “Community living is better for the individual for sure , better for their families , and in most cases—not all—it’s better on the taxpayer too.” Opposition MP . As Conservative Health Critic , Fletcher described himself as a supporter of the Canada Health Act but also indicated a willingness to permit greater private-sector involvement . He suggested that the government is notorious for stifling innovation , and argued that the private sector should not be pigeonholed like doctors who tried to pigeonhole me . Liberal Health Minister Ujjal Dosanjh responded by arguing that the Conservative position would jeopardize the principles of the Canada Health Act . On April 20 , 2005 , the House of Commons supported Fletchers Motion to compensate all Canadians who were infected with Hepatitis C by the Canadian Red Cross as a result of its failure to test blood samples . This was a major development in a decade-long struggle to have the pre-1986 and post-1990 Hepatitis C victims included in a federal compensation package . A compensation funding package was announced in 2006 . The following month , Fletcher became involved in a controversy unrelated to his parliamentary duties . On May 21 , 2005 , he apologized for saying The Japs were bastards at a veterans convention in Winnipeg the previous week , in reference to Japanese Imperial Army during World War II . He defended the general intent of his remarks , noting that his grandfather had witnessed the Japanese army commit atrocities when he was taken as a prisoner of war after that fall of Singapore . He also acknowledged that he used language that was inappropriate . In November 2005 , Fletcher and New Democratic Party MP Pat Martin endorsed a motion to minimize trans fats in the Canadian food supply . A task force to investigate the issue of trans fats was subsequently struck and provided recommendations to the government in 2007 . Government MP . Fletcher was re-elected with an increased majority in the 2006 federal election , as the Conservatives won a minority government nationally . After the election , he was appointed as parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Health and the minister for the Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario . Fletcher supported Sam Katzs bid for re-election as Mayor of Winnipeg in 2006 . In late 2006 , he assisted Liberal MP Andy Scott in presenting a motion for a national strategy on the treatment of persons with autism . He received a 2006 Champion of Mental Health Award . Fletcher has received awards for community involvement , including a special award from the National Cancer Leadership Forum for advocating a national cancer strategy . He has also received the Courage and Leadership Award from the Canadian Cancer Society , and was inducted into the Terry Fox Hall of Fame on November 13 , 2006 . Fletcher was also awarded the King Clancy Award , as well as being a recipient of her Majestys Golden Jubilee Medal for his contributions to Canada . Fletcher has advocated for embryonic stem cell research using embryos that would otherwise be discarded from in-vitro fertilization techniques . He stated on CBCs The National , I would ask this question . A Canadian who finds themselves with a terrible ailment or a loved one with a terrible ailment and there is a cure that is derived by embryonic stem cell research , would they deny their loved one or themselves that cure because of the source of the cure ? Most Canadians would say please , cure me . In March 2007 , Fletcher began a campaign to have Ottawas taxi service improve its wheelchair accessibility . Former Manitoba MLA Linda McIntosh wrote a book about Fletchers life , entitled What Do You Do If You Dont Die? , released in December 2008 . Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) . After being elected for a third time in the 2008 federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State for Democratic Reform on October 30 , 2008 . Fletcher is the first person in history with a permanent disability to be named to the Canadian cabinet . At the time of his appointment , he was quoted saying “I would pinch myself if I could.” Fletcher is only the third federal Conservative cabinet minister from a Winnipeg riding . The previous two were Gordon Churchill during the 1950s and Hugh John Macdonald , son of the first Canadian prime minister John A . Macdonald , who served as a cabinet minister in the late 19th century . On March 4 , 2010 , Fletcher received the Christopher Reeve Award from the Canadian Paraplegic Association . Teren Clarke , Executive Director of the Canadian Paraplegic Association , said when the announcement was made : “Steven Fletcher’s journey is an inspiration to all of us since sustaining a high level spinal cord injury only a few years ago . And now as a member of the Federal Cabinet , he deals with matters well beyond the scope of disability issues , and that deserves our recognition with this national/international award.” Minister of State ( Transport ) . Fletcher was re-elected in the 2011 federal election , winning 58 percent of votes . As Minister of State for Transport , Fletchers new responsibilities fall within the larger portfolio of the Honourable Denis Lebel , Minister of Transport , Infrastructure and Communities . In addition to continuing to serve on Treasury Board , Minister Fletcher also served on the Cabinet Committee on Economic Prosperity and Sustainable Growth . “When it comes to Canada’s transportation systems , our Government is committed to protecting the safety and security of Canadians,” said Fletcher . As Minister of State , Fletcher was responsible for the Crown Corporations the fall within the Transport portfolio . These include but are not limited to ; Canada Post , VIA Rail , Canadian Air Transport Security Authority ( CATSA ) , Ridley Coal Terminals , and half a dozen federally owned bridges . Fletcher also conducted National Round Tables on Infrastructure in the year 2012 to help develop a National Infrastructure Program . In budget 2013 a $70 billion investment over 10 years into infrastructure was announced by the Minister of Finance Jim Flaherty . On January 16 , 2012 , Fletcher announced that he was temporarily stepping down from his position as Minister of State for Transport for an unspecified medical procedure . Fletcher underwent a 12-hour surgery on January 19 , 2012 . The doctors removed an old titanium rod and replaced it with a much longer rod , this time secured to the back of his neck , not the front . It stretches from the middle of Fletchers head to the middle of his back . If our civilization lasts 1,000 years , my neck will last 1,000 years . It feels better than I can remember , Fletcher said . On March 26 , 2012 , Fletcher returned to office and resumed full activities as Minister of State ( Transport ) and Member of Parliament for Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia . On July 15 , 2013 , Fletcher was moved from Cabinet by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in order to make way for more women in a wide-ranging cabinet shuffle that saw several members of the Cabinet replaced . Fletcher stated on Twitter I am Conservative . I am a traditionalist . I wish I had left Cabinet in the traditional way—with a sex scandal . Prime Minister Harper kept Fletcher on Treasury Board after the Cabinet shuffle . Fletcher was the longest serving member on the board . In March 2014 , Fletcher introduced a private members bill to make physician-assisted death legal under Canadian laws . When the Supreme Court struck down the law prohibiting assisted suicide in February 2015 , Fletcher spoke out in support of the courts ruling . The Supreme Court quoted part of Fletchers private members bill verbatim in its decision . During the 2015 election campaign , Fletcher released a memoir , Master of My Own Fate , co-written with Linda McIntosh . The book chronicles the seven years after the end of McIntoshs first biography What Do You Do If You Dont Die ? The book describes events leading up to Fletcher introducing his two private members bills on physician-assisted death . It also provides anecdotes on people and events on Parliament Hill including the October 2014 shooting at Parliament Hill and well known Conservatives who are now deceased including former finance minister Jim Flaherty and former senator Doug Finley . The views of other former and current parliamentarians on this issue include Senators Nancy Ruth and Larry Campbell , MP Peter Kent , former MP Svend Robinson and Green Party leader Elizabeth May . Fletcher was defeated in the 2015 federal election , contesting the renamed Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley , by Liberal Doug Eyolfson as the Conservatives lost all six of their seats in Winnipeg . Provincial MLA . Six months after his defeat , Fletcher moved to provincial politics when he was elected for as the Progressive Conservative MLA for Assiniboia , which covers much of his former federal riding . Fletcher was later removed from the PC caucus after publicly breaking with the party on multiple issues , specifically the creation of a new Crown Corporation and the Manitoba governments attempt to introduce a carbon tax . On August 14 , 2018 , Fletcher became leader of the Manitoba Party . He resigned as leader on April 22 , 2019 . He did not run in the 2019 provincial election . Return to federal politics . On May 22 , 2019 , Fletcher announced he would run again for his former seat in Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley as the candidate of the Peoples Party of Canada ( PPC ) , led by another former Conservative minister , Maxime Bernier . Fletcher claimed that he and Bernier are ideological soulmates . He came in fifth out of seven candidates in the election on October 21 , with Conservative candidate Marty Morantz , a lawyer and former Winnipeg City Council member , winning the seat from Liberal MP Doug Eyolfson . During the campaign , Fletcher saw some controversy for reusing signs from his prior federal and provincial Tory campaigns for his PPC campaign , though he argued that Elections Canada did not forbid this practice . Electoral record . Federal elections . All electoral information is taken from Elections Canada . Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals , and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available . External links . - Steven Fletcher official site - The Steven Fletcher Story
|
[
"Conservative Party"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven John Fletcher ( born June 17 , 1972 ) is a Canadian politician . Fletcher was the leader of the Manitoba Party from 2018 to 2019 and an MLA in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher served in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015 , representing the riding of Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia as a member of the Conservative Party . In 2004 the then leader of the opposition Stephen Harper appointed Fletcher to the shadow cabinet as health critic . After the Conservatives formed government after the 2006 Canadian federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to Health in 2006 . He was appointed to cabinet in 2008 . He served on numerous cabinet committees . He was the Minister for Democratic Reform and then after the 2011 election",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": ", was appointed to Minister of State ( Transport ) . He was the first quadriplegic person and wheelchair user to serve in the House of Commons , as well as in Cabinet . Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) on October 30 , 2008 . After the Conservative Party victory on May 2 , 2011 , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Transport ) .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " In an effort to increase the number of women in cabinet , Fletcher was left out of cabinet in the July 15 , 2013 Cabinet shuffle by Prime Minister Stephen Harper . Although not officially in Cabinet , he continued to sit on the Treasury Board cabinet committee . Fletcher was defeated in the federal election of 2015 , but was elected six months later to the riding of Assiniboia in Manitobas 2016 provincial election serving until 2019 . Early life and career .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher was born in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , where his Canadian father was working as an engineer . He was raised in Manitoba , and attended Shaftesbury High School in Winnipeg . Fletcher received a degree in Geological Engineering from the University of Manitoba in 1995 .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " He became a complete quadriplegic on January 11 , 1996 , after hitting a moose with his vehicle while travelling to a geological engineering job in northern Manitoba . The accident left him completely paralysed below the neck , and he now requires 24-hour-a-day attendant care . He was unable to speak for several months , and only regained this ability after a long process of recovery .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "In the immediate aftermath of his accident , Fletcher was told that he would have to spend the rest of his life in an institution . Years later , he joked : I dont think the doctors ever thought the institution would be Parliament . When asked about his disability during his first campaign for public office , he quipped : I would rather be paralyzed from the neck down than from the neck up .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "Before his accident , Fletcher was a wilderness canoe enthusiast . He served as president of the Manitoba Recreational Canoeing Association , was a two-time former Manitoba Kayak champion , and competed in national events . He was able to resume his life as an outdoorsman in the mid-2000s through inventions such as the TrailRider , a device which allows people with quadriplegia to travel over rough terrain . In late 2004 , he was able to stand again with the assistance of a hydraulic wheelchair . He went on to compete in water races , and has won awards",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "using sip and puff steering technology . In 2006 , he visited the Burgess Shale in the Rocky Mountains with the help of a TrailRider and other hikers .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher has said that the accident changed his political views . He acknowledges that he didnt give the less-fortunate any consideration before 1996 , but now describes himself as a compassionate conservative .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher returned to the University of Manitoba in 1997 to take a Master of Business Administration ( MBA ) program . He was elected president of the University of Manitoba Students Union ( UMSU ) in February 1999 , and identified his main priorities as improving the universitys public profile and increasing access for students in financial need . He also called for greater university access for disabled students and for higher aboriginal enrollment . In October 1999 , he met with federal Finance Minister Paul Martin to lobby for increased student funding .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "Fletchers political views often put him at odds with other campus organizations during much of his tenure , and he was sometimes accused of administrative bias against left-wing groups . In early 2000 , he supported a decision by student council to freeze university funding for The Manitoban , a campus newspaper with a left-leaning editorial board . He argued that the issue at stake was one of financial accountability , although his opponents suggested he was trying to infringe on the papers autonomy . Funding was restored when the newspaper staff agreed to accept an Ombudsman Board .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was elected as a director of the Canadian Alliance of Student Associations during his first term . He was re-elected student body president in 2000 , and presided over the elimination of the UMSUs debt in May 2000 . He credited a partnership with Starbucks for much of the councils $43,000 surplus .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "In late 2000 , Fletcher announced that he would seek the Progressive Conservative nomination for a provincial by-election in Tuxedo , which was occasioned by the resignation of PC leader and former Premier of Manitoba Gary Filmon from the legislature . Some of his opponents later tried to remove him as student president , arguing that such partisan activity was inappropriate for someone elected to represent the interests of all students . Fletcher argued that the universitys constitution did not prevent him from participating in provincial politics , and described his opponents as far left extremists . He lost the",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "provincial nomination to Heather Stefanson . His opponents in the Graduate Students Association later voted to separate from UMSU , although the University of Manitoba refused to sanction the separation .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " Near the end of 2000 , Fletcher endorsed a report from the right-wing Fraser Institute which suggested that Canada would have to end university union contracts and professorial tenure to retain bright young academics . He was quoted as saying : There is merit . Youd have to break the union , I would guess .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "During the 2001 student election campaign , Fletcher , with the assistance of Colleen Bready , then UMSU vice-president , and a Security Services officer , performed an unannounced search of several student group offices . The affected groups included the Graduate Students Association , the Womyns Centre , the Amnesty International chapter , the U of M Recycling Group ( UMREG ) , the Rainbow Pride Mosaic , and the Manitoban . Fletcher and Bready said they had been made aware of a suspicion that campaign materials were being stored in the student group offices in violation of UMSU",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "election bylaws . The search was condemned by other campus groups , with UMREG coordinator Rob Altemeyer describing Fletchers actions as completely inappropriate . Fletcher defended his actions , saying : Its UMSU space . We have the authority and the right to check [ student organization ] space at any time . Bready said they felt warranted since a slate of candidates had already been found guilty earlier in the week of using the Graduate Students Association office for campaign activities .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " In March 2001 , Fletcher called for a central co-ordination body to oversee Manitobas universities , arguing that the province is too small to have five universities offering the same thing . He opposed the provincial governments 2001 decision to build a new university in northern Manitoba . Fletcher finished his second and final term as student president in May 2001 , and received his MBA in 2002 .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was elected president of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba in November 2001 , and was re-elected in 2003 . His relationship with party leader Stuart Murray was sometimes fractious . Fletcher criticized Murray in 2002 for hiring discredited advisor Taras Sokolyk without informing him , and suggested that Murray had not acted enough to improve the state of the partys finances .",
"title": "Party president"
},
{
"text": "After Fletchers election as party president , Manitoba Public Insurance announced that it would no longer provide travel expenses for his personal assistant . A representative for MPI argued that attending party functions was not a prerequisite for Fletchers stated career goal of becoming an elected politician , and indicated that the fund was not legally required to pay for these activities . Fletcher appealed this decision before the Manitoba Court of Appeal , hiring former New Democratic Party cabinet minister Sidney Green as his attorney . In May 2003 , the Court of Appeal ruled that MPI has the",
"title": "Party president"
},
{
"text": "discretion to fund such activities under Section 138 of the MPI Act , but is not obliged to use this discretion . He later tried to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada , but the court twice declined to hear his case . Fletcher filed a lawsuit against former provincial cabinet minister Becky Barrett in September 2003 , arguing that she had maliciously interfered in his legal battles .",
"title": "Party president"
},
{
"text": "In late 2003 , Fletcher defeated Don Murdock to win the Canadian Alliance nomination in Charleswood—St . James for the 2004 federal election . He later supported the merger of the Canadian Alliance with the more centrist Progressive Conservative Party of Canada , and endorsed Stephen Harpers bid to lead the merged Conservative Party of Canada in early 2004 . Fletchers Alliance nomination was rendered void by the merger , and he was required to contest another nomination for the new party . He defeated Murdock a second time , and was declared the ridings Conservative Party candidate in March",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": "2004 .",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher defeated star Liberal candidate Glen Murray , a popular former Mayor of Winnipeg , by 734 votes in the 2004 election . His victory was considered an upset , although polls before election day indicated the result would be close . The Liberal Party won a minority government nationally , and Fletcher was named as Senior Health Critic in the Official Opposition .",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher is the first Member of Parliament ( MP ) in Canadian history with a permanent disability . A running joke during his first campaign was that he would have to be a front bench MP , as the backbenches are not wheelchair-accessible . His election created the need for a stranger to the House—a person who is not officially an MP or officer of Parliament—in this case , his aide , to be on the floor of the Commons during sessions .",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": " The Parliament buildings had to be adapted to accommodate Fletcher . In Ottawa , Fletcher has advocated for community living , the integration of physically or mentally challenged individuals into society . He has said , “Community living is better for the individual for sure , better for their families , and in most cases—not all—it’s better on the taxpayer too.”",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": " As Conservative Health Critic , Fletcher described himself as a supporter of the Canada Health Act but also indicated a willingness to permit greater private-sector involvement . He suggested that the government is notorious for stifling innovation , and argued that the private sector should not be pigeonholed like doctors who tried to pigeonhole me . Liberal Health Minister Ujjal Dosanjh responded by arguing that the Conservative position would jeopardize the principles of the Canada Health Act .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": "On April 20 , 2005 , the House of Commons supported Fletchers Motion to compensate all Canadians who were infected with Hepatitis C by the Canadian Red Cross as a result of its failure to test blood samples . This was a major development in a decade-long struggle to have the pre-1986 and post-1990 Hepatitis C victims included in a federal compensation package . A compensation funding package was announced in 2006 .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": " The following month , Fletcher became involved in a controversy unrelated to his parliamentary duties . On May 21 , 2005 , he apologized for saying The Japs were bastards at a veterans convention in Winnipeg the previous week , in reference to Japanese Imperial Army during World War II . He defended the general intent of his remarks , noting that his grandfather had witnessed the Japanese army commit atrocities when he was taken as a prisoner of war after that fall of Singapore . He also acknowledged that he used language that was inappropriate .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": "In November 2005 , Fletcher and New Democratic Party MP Pat Martin endorsed a motion to minimize trans fats in the Canadian food supply . A task force to investigate the issue of trans fats was subsequently struck and provided recommendations to the government in 2007 .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was re-elected with an increased majority in the 2006 federal election , as the Conservatives won a minority government nationally . After the election , he was appointed as parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Health and the minister for the Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher supported Sam Katzs bid for re-election as Mayor of Winnipeg in 2006 . In late 2006 , he assisted Liberal MP Andy Scott in presenting a motion for a national strategy on the treatment of persons with autism . He received a 2006 Champion of Mental Health Award .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher has received awards for community involvement , including a special award from the National Cancer Leadership Forum for advocating a national cancer strategy . He has also received the Courage and Leadership Award from the Canadian Cancer Society , and was inducted into the Terry Fox Hall of Fame on November 13 , 2006 . Fletcher was also awarded the King Clancy Award , as well as being a recipient of her Majestys Golden Jubilee Medal for his contributions to Canada .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher has advocated for embryonic stem cell research using embryos that would otherwise be discarded from in-vitro fertilization techniques . He stated on CBCs The National , I would ask this question . A Canadian who finds themselves with a terrible ailment or a loved one with a terrible ailment and there is a cure that is derived by embryonic stem cell research , would they deny their loved one or themselves that cure because of the source of the cure ? Most Canadians would say please , cure me .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " In March 2007 , Fletcher began a campaign to have Ottawas taxi service improve its wheelchair accessibility . Former Manitoba MLA Linda McIntosh wrote a book about Fletchers life , entitled What Do You Do If You Dont Die? , released in December 2008 . Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "After being elected for a third time in the 2008 federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State for Democratic Reform on October 30 , 2008 . Fletcher is the first person in history with a permanent disability to be named to the Canadian cabinet . At the time of his appointment , he was quoted saying “I would pinch myself if I could.”",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher is only the third federal Conservative cabinet minister from a Winnipeg riding . The previous two were Gordon Churchill during the 1950s and Hugh John Macdonald , son of the first Canadian prime minister John A . Macdonald , who served as a cabinet minister in the late 19th century .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "On March 4 , 2010 , Fletcher received the Christopher Reeve Award from the Canadian Paraplegic Association . Teren Clarke , Executive Director of the Canadian Paraplegic Association , said when the announcement was made : “Steven Fletcher’s journey is an inspiration to all of us since sustaining a high level spinal cord injury only a few years ago . And now as a member of the Federal Cabinet , he deals with matters well beyond the scope of disability issues , and that deserves our recognition with this national/international award.”",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Minister of State ( Transport ) . Fletcher was re-elected in the 2011 federal election , winning 58 percent of votes . As Minister of State for Transport , Fletchers new responsibilities fall within the larger portfolio of the Honourable Denis Lebel , Minister of Transport , Infrastructure and Communities . In addition to continuing to serve on Treasury Board , Minister Fletcher also served on the Cabinet Committee on Economic Prosperity and Sustainable Growth . “When it comes to Canada’s transportation systems , our Government is committed to protecting the safety and security of Canadians,” said Fletcher .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "As Minister of State , Fletcher was responsible for the Crown Corporations the fall within the Transport portfolio . These include but are not limited to ; Canada Post , VIA Rail , Canadian Air Transport Security Authority ( CATSA ) , Ridley Coal Terminals , and half a dozen federally owned bridges . Fletcher also conducted National Round Tables on Infrastructure in the year 2012 to help develop a National Infrastructure Program . In budget 2013 a $70 billion investment over 10 years into infrastructure was announced by the Minister of Finance Jim Flaherty .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "On January 16 , 2012 , Fletcher announced that he was temporarily stepping down from his position as Minister of State for Transport for an unspecified medical procedure . Fletcher underwent a 12-hour surgery on January 19 , 2012 . The doctors removed an old titanium rod and replaced it with a much longer rod , this time secured to the back of his neck , not the front . It stretches from the middle of Fletchers head to the middle of his back . If our civilization lasts 1,000 years , my neck will last 1,000 years . It",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "feels better than I can remember , Fletcher said .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " On March 26 , 2012 , Fletcher returned to office and resumed full activities as Minister of State ( Transport ) and Member of Parliament for Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "On July 15 , 2013 , Fletcher was moved from Cabinet by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in order to make way for more women in a wide-ranging cabinet shuffle that saw several members of the Cabinet replaced . Fletcher stated on Twitter I am Conservative . I am a traditionalist . I wish I had left Cabinet in the traditional way—with a sex scandal . Prime Minister Harper kept Fletcher on Treasury Board after the Cabinet shuffle . Fletcher was the longest serving member on the board .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " In March 2014 , Fletcher introduced a private members bill to make physician-assisted death legal under Canadian laws . When the Supreme Court struck down the law prohibiting assisted suicide in February 2015 , Fletcher spoke out in support of the courts ruling . The Supreme Court quoted part of Fletchers private members bill verbatim in its decision .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "During the 2015 election campaign , Fletcher released a memoir , Master of My Own Fate , co-written with Linda McIntosh . The book chronicles the seven years after the end of McIntoshs first biography What Do You Do If You Dont Die ? The book describes events leading up to Fletcher introducing his two private members bills on physician-assisted death . It also provides anecdotes on people and events on Parliament Hill including the October 2014 shooting at Parliament Hill and well known Conservatives who are now deceased including former finance minister Jim Flaherty and former senator Doug Finley",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": ". The views of other former and current parliamentarians on this issue include Senators Nancy Ruth and Larry Campbell , MP Peter Kent , former MP Svend Robinson and Green Party leader Elizabeth May .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was defeated in the 2015 federal election , contesting the renamed Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley , by Liberal Doug Eyolfson as the Conservatives lost all six of their seats in Winnipeg .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Six months after his defeat , Fletcher moved to provincial politics when he was elected for as the Progressive Conservative MLA for Assiniboia , which covers much of his former federal riding .",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher was later removed from the PC caucus after publicly breaking with the party on multiple issues , specifically the creation of a new Crown Corporation and the Manitoba governments attempt to introduce a carbon tax . On August 14 , 2018 , Fletcher became leader of the Manitoba Party . He resigned as leader on April 22 , 2019 . He did not run in the 2019 provincial election .",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": "On May 22 , 2019 , Fletcher announced he would run again for his former seat in Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley as the candidate of the Peoples Party of Canada ( PPC ) , led by another former Conservative minister , Maxime Bernier . Fletcher claimed that he and Bernier are ideological soulmates . He came in fifth out of seven candidates in the election on October 21 , with Conservative candidate Marty Morantz , a lawyer and former Winnipeg City Council member , winning the seat from Liberal MP Doug Eyolfson . During the campaign , Fletcher saw some controversy",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": "for reusing signs from his prior federal and provincial Tory campaigns for his PPC campaign , though he argued that Elections Canada did not forbid this practice .",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": " All electoral information is taken from Elections Canada . Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals , and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available .",
"title": "Federal elections"
},
{
"text": " - Steven Fletcher official site - The Steven Fletcher Story",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steven_Fletcher_(politician)#P102#2
|
Which party was Steven Fletcher (politician) a member of in Apr 2018?
|
Steven Fletcher ( politician ) Steven John Fletcher ( born June 17 , 1972 ) is a Canadian politician . Fletcher was the leader of the Manitoba Party from 2018 to 2019 and an MLA in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly . Fletcher served in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015 , representing the riding of Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia as a member of the Conservative Party . In 2004 the then leader of the opposition Stephen Harper appointed Fletcher to the shadow cabinet as health critic . After the Conservatives formed government after the 2006 Canadian federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to Health in 2006 . He was appointed to cabinet in 2008 . He served on numerous cabinet committees . He was the Minister for Democratic Reform and then after the 2011 election , was appointed to Minister of State ( Transport ) . He was the first quadriplegic person and wheelchair user to serve in the House of Commons , as well as in Cabinet . Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) on October 30 , 2008 . After the Conservative Party victory on May 2 , 2011 , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Transport ) . In an effort to increase the number of women in cabinet , Fletcher was left out of cabinet in the July 15 , 2013 Cabinet shuffle by Prime Minister Stephen Harper . Although not officially in Cabinet , he continued to sit on the Treasury Board cabinet committee . Fletcher was defeated in the federal election of 2015 , but was elected six months later to the riding of Assiniboia in Manitobas 2016 provincial election serving until 2019 . Early life and career . Fletcher was born in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , where his Canadian father was working as an engineer . He was raised in Manitoba , and attended Shaftesbury High School in Winnipeg . Fletcher received a degree in Geological Engineering from the University of Manitoba in 1995 . He became a complete quadriplegic on January 11 , 1996 , after hitting a moose with his vehicle while travelling to a geological engineering job in northern Manitoba . The accident left him completely paralysed below the neck , and he now requires 24-hour-a-day attendant care . He was unable to speak for several months , and only regained this ability after a long process of recovery . In the immediate aftermath of his accident , Fletcher was told that he would have to spend the rest of his life in an institution . Years later , he joked : I dont think the doctors ever thought the institution would be Parliament . When asked about his disability during his first campaign for public office , he quipped : I would rather be paralyzed from the neck down than from the neck up . Before his accident , Fletcher was a wilderness canoe enthusiast . He served as president of the Manitoba Recreational Canoeing Association , was a two-time former Manitoba Kayak champion , and competed in national events . He was able to resume his life as an outdoorsman in the mid-2000s through inventions such as the TrailRider , a device which allows people with quadriplegia to travel over rough terrain . In late 2004 , he was able to stand again with the assistance of a hydraulic wheelchair . He went on to compete in water races , and has won awards using sip and puff steering technology . In 2006 , he visited the Burgess Shale in the Rocky Mountains with the help of a TrailRider and other hikers . Fletcher has said that the accident changed his political views . He acknowledges that he didnt give the less-fortunate any consideration before 1996 , but now describes himself as a compassionate conservative . Students union president . Fletcher returned to the University of Manitoba in 1997 to take a Master of Business Administration ( MBA ) program . He was elected president of the University of Manitoba Students Union ( UMSU ) in February 1999 , and identified his main priorities as improving the universitys public profile and increasing access for students in financial need . He also called for greater university access for disabled students and for higher aboriginal enrollment . In October 1999 , he met with federal Finance Minister Paul Martin to lobby for increased student funding . Fletchers political views often put him at odds with other campus organizations during much of his tenure , and he was sometimes accused of administrative bias against left-wing groups . In early 2000 , he supported a decision by student council to freeze university funding for The Manitoban , a campus newspaper with a left-leaning editorial board . He argued that the issue at stake was one of financial accountability , although his opponents suggested he was trying to infringe on the papers autonomy . Funding was restored when the newspaper staff agreed to accept an Ombudsman Board . Fletcher was elected as a director of the Canadian Alliance of Student Associations during his first term . He was re-elected student body president in 2000 , and presided over the elimination of the UMSUs debt in May 2000 . He credited a partnership with Starbucks for much of the councils $43,000 surplus . In late 2000 , Fletcher announced that he would seek the Progressive Conservative nomination for a provincial by-election in Tuxedo , which was occasioned by the resignation of PC leader and former Premier of Manitoba Gary Filmon from the legislature . Some of his opponents later tried to remove him as student president , arguing that such partisan activity was inappropriate for someone elected to represent the interests of all students . Fletcher argued that the universitys constitution did not prevent him from participating in provincial politics , and described his opponents as far left extremists . He lost the provincial nomination to Heather Stefanson . His opponents in the Graduate Students Association later voted to separate from UMSU , although the University of Manitoba refused to sanction the separation . Near the end of 2000 , Fletcher endorsed a report from the right-wing Fraser Institute which suggested that Canada would have to end university union contracts and professorial tenure to retain bright young academics . He was quoted as saying : There is merit . Youd have to break the union , I would guess . During the 2001 student election campaign , Fletcher , with the assistance of Colleen Bready , then UMSU vice-president , and a Security Services officer , performed an unannounced search of several student group offices . The affected groups included the Graduate Students Association , the Womyns Centre , the Amnesty International chapter , the U of M Recycling Group ( UMREG ) , the Rainbow Pride Mosaic , and the Manitoban . Fletcher and Bready said they had been made aware of a suspicion that campaign materials were being stored in the student group offices in violation of UMSU election bylaws . The search was condemned by other campus groups , with UMREG coordinator Rob Altemeyer describing Fletchers actions as completely inappropriate . Fletcher defended his actions , saying : Its UMSU space . We have the authority and the right to check [ student organization ] space at any time . Bready said they felt warranted since a slate of candidates had already been found guilty earlier in the week of using the Graduate Students Association office for campaign activities . In March 2001 , Fletcher called for a central co-ordination body to oversee Manitobas universities , arguing that the province is too small to have five universities offering the same thing . He opposed the provincial governments 2001 decision to build a new university in northern Manitoba . Fletcher finished his second and final term as student president in May 2001 , and received his MBA in 2002 . Political career . Party president . Fletcher was elected president of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba in November 2001 , and was re-elected in 2003 . His relationship with party leader Stuart Murray was sometimes fractious . Fletcher criticized Murray in 2002 for hiring discredited advisor Taras Sokolyk without informing him , and suggested that Murray had not acted enough to improve the state of the partys finances . After Fletchers election as party president , Manitoba Public Insurance announced that it would no longer provide travel expenses for his personal assistant . A representative for MPI argued that attending party functions was not a prerequisite for Fletchers stated career goal of becoming an elected politician , and indicated that the fund was not legally required to pay for these activities . Fletcher appealed this decision before the Manitoba Court of Appeal , hiring former New Democratic Party cabinet minister Sidney Green as his attorney . In May 2003 , the Court of Appeal ruled that MPI has the discretion to fund such activities under Section 138 of the MPI Act , but is not obliged to use this discretion . He later tried to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada , but the court twice declined to hear his case . Fletcher filed a lawsuit against former provincial cabinet minister Becky Barrett in September 2003 , arguing that she had maliciously interfered in his legal battles . Federal politician . In late 2003 , Fletcher defeated Don Murdock to win the Canadian Alliance nomination in Charleswood—St . James for the 2004 federal election . He later supported the merger of the Canadian Alliance with the more centrist Progressive Conservative Party of Canada , and endorsed Stephen Harpers bid to lead the merged Conservative Party of Canada in early 2004 . Fletchers Alliance nomination was rendered void by the merger , and he was required to contest another nomination for the new party . He defeated Murdock a second time , and was declared the ridings Conservative Party candidate in March 2004 . Fletcher defeated star Liberal candidate Glen Murray , a popular former Mayor of Winnipeg , by 734 votes in the 2004 election . His victory was considered an upset , although polls before election day indicated the result would be close . The Liberal Party won a minority government nationally , and Fletcher was named as Senior Health Critic in the Official Opposition . Fletcher is the first Member of Parliament ( MP ) in Canadian history with a permanent disability . A running joke during his first campaign was that he would have to be a front bench MP , as the backbenches are not wheelchair-accessible . His election created the need for a stranger to the House—a person who is not officially an MP or officer of Parliament—in this case , his aide , to be on the floor of the Commons during sessions . The Parliament buildings had to be adapted to accommodate Fletcher . In Ottawa , Fletcher has advocated for community living , the integration of physically or mentally challenged individuals into society . He has said , “Community living is better for the individual for sure , better for their families , and in most cases—not all—it’s better on the taxpayer too.” Opposition MP . As Conservative Health Critic , Fletcher described himself as a supporter of the Canada Health Act but also indicated a willingness to permit greater private-sector involvement . He suggested that the government is notorious for stifling innovation , and argued that the private sector should not be pigeonholed like doctors who tried to pigeonhole me . Liberal Health Minister Ujjal Dosanjh responded by arguing that the Conservative position would jeopardize the principles of the Canada Health Act . On April 20 , 2005 , the House of Commons supported Fletchers Motion to compensate all Canadians who were infected with Hepatitis C by the Canadian Red Cross as a result of its failure to test blood samples . This was a major development in a decade-long struggle to have the pre-1986 and post-1990 Hepatitis C victims included in a federal compensation package . A compensation funding package was announced in 2006 . The following month , Fletcher became involved in a controversy unrelated to his parliamentary duties . On May 21 , 2005 , he apologized for saying The Japs were bastards at a veterans convention in Winnipeg the previous week , in reference to Japanese Imperial Army during World War II . He defended the general intent of his remarks , noting that his grandfather had witnessed the Japanese army commit atrocities when he was taken as a prisoner of war after that fall of Singapore . He also acknowledged that he used language that was inappropriate . In November 2005 , Fletcher and New Democratic Party MP Pat Martin endorsed a motion to minimize trans fats in the Canadian food supply . A task force to investigate the issue of trans fats was subsequently struck and provided recommendations to the government in 2007 . Government MP . Fletcher was re-elected with an increased majority in the 2006 federal election , as the Conservatives won a minority government nationally . After the election , he was appointed as parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Health and the minister for the Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario . Fletcher supported Sam Katzs bid for re-election as Mayor of Winnipeg in 2006 . In late 2006 , he assisted Liberal MP Andy Scott in presenting a motion for a national strategy on the treatment of persons with autism . He received a 2006 Champion of Mental Health Award . Fletcher has received awards for community involvement , including a special award from the National Cancer Leadership Forum for advocating a national cancer strategy . He has also received the Courage and Leadership Award from the Canadian Cancer Society , and was inducted into the Terry Fox Hall of Fame on November 13 , 2006 . Fletcher was also awarded the King Clancy Award , as well as being a recipient of her Majestys Golden Jubilee Medal for his contributions to Canada . Fletcher has advocated for embryonic stem cell research using embryos that would otherwise be discarded from in-vitro fertilization techniques . He stated on CBCs The National , I would ask this question . A Canadian who finds themselves with a terrible ailment or a loved one with a terrible ailment and there is a cure that is derived by embryonic stem cell research , would they deny their loved one or themselves that cure because of the source of the cure ? Most Canadians would say please , cure me . In March 2007 , Fletcher began a campaign to have Ottawas taxi service improve its wheelchair accessibility . Former Manitoba MLA Linda McIntosh wrote a book about Fletchers life , entitled What Do You Do If You Dont Die? , released in December 2008 . Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) . After being elected for a third time in the 2008 federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State for Democratic Reform on October 30 , 2008 . Fletcher is the first person in history with a permanent disability to be named to the Canadian cabinet . At the time of his appointment , he was quoted saying “I would pinch myself if I could.” Fletcher is only the third federal Conservative cabinet minister from a Winnipeg riding . The previous two were Gordon Churchill during the 1950s and Hugh John Macdonald , son of the first Canadian prime minister John A . Macdonald , who served as a cabinet minister in the late 19th century . On March 4 , 2010 , Fletcher received the Christopher Reeve Award from the Canadian Paraplegic Association . Teren Clarke , Executive Director of the Canadian Paraplegic Association , said when the announcement was made : “Steven Fletcher’s journey is an inspiration to all of us since sustaining a high level spinal cord injury only a few years ago . And now as a member of the Federal Cabinet , he deals with matters well beyond the scope of disability issues , and that deserves our recognition with this national/international award.” Minister of State ( Transport ) . Fletcher was re-elected in the 2011 federal election , winning 58 percent of votes . As Minister of State for Transport , Fletchers new responsibilities fall within the larger portfolio of the Honourable Denis Lebel , Minister of Transport , Infrastructure and Communities . In addition to continuing to serve on Treasury Board , Minister Fletcher also served on the Cabinet Committee on Economic Prosperity and Sustainable Growth . “When it comes to Canada’s transportation systems , our Government is committed to protecting the safety and security of Canadians,” said Fletcher . As Minister of State , Fletcher was responsible for the Crown Corporations the fall within the Transport portfolio . These include but are not limited to ; Canada Post , VIA Rail , Canadian Air Transport Security Authority ( CATSA ) , Ridley Coal Terminals , and half a dozen federally owned bridges . Fletcher also conducted National Round Tables on Infrastructure in the year 2012 to help develop a National Infrastructure Program . In budget 2013 a $70 billion investment over 10 years into infrastructure was announced by the Minister of Finance Jim Flaherty . On January 16 , 2012 , Fletcher announced that he was temporarily stepping down from his position as Minister of State for Transport for an unspecified medical procedure . Fletcher underwent a 12-hour surgery on January 19 , 2012 . The doctors removed an old titanium rod and replaced it with a much longer rod , this time secured to the back of his neck , not the front . It stretches from the middle of Fletchers head to the middle of his back . If our civilization lasts 1,000 years , my neck will last 1,000 years . It feels better than I can remember , Fletcher said . On March 26 , 2012 , Fletcher returned to office and resumed full activities as Minister of State ( Transport ) and Member of Parliament for Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia . On July 15 , 2013 , Fletcher was moved from Cabinet by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in order to make way for more women in a wide-ranging cabinet shuffle that saw several members of the Cabinet replaced . Fletcher stated on Twitter I am Conservative . I am a traditionalist . I wish I had left Cabinet in the traditional way—with a sex scandal . Prime Minister Harper kept Fletcher on Treasury Board after the Cabinet shuffle . Fletcher was the longest serving member on the board . In March 2014 , Fletcher introduced a private members bill to make physician-assisted death legal under Canadian laws . When the Supreme Court struck down the law prohibiting assisted suicide in February 2015 , Fletcher spoke out in support of the courts ruling . The Supreme Court quoted part of Fletchers private members bill verbatim in its decision . During the 2015 election campaign , Fletcher released a memoir , Master of My Own Fate , co-written with Linda McIntosh . The book chronicles the seven years after the end of McIntoshs first biography What Do You Do If You Dont Die ? The book describes events leading up to Fletcher introducing his two private members bills on physician-assisted death . It also provides anecdotes on people and events on Parliament Hill including the October 2014 shooting at Parliament Hill and well known Conservatives who are now deceased including former finance minister Jim Flaherty and former senator Doug Finley . The views of other former and current parliamentarians on this issue include Senators Nancy Ruth and Larry Campbell , MP Peter Kent , former MP Svend Robinson and Green Party leader Elizabeth May . Fletcher was defeated in the 2015 federal election , contesting the renamed Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley , by Liberal Doug Eyolfson as the Conservatives lost all six of their seats in Winnipeg . Provincial MLA . Six months after his defeat , Fletcher moved to provincial politics when he was elected for as the Progressive Conservative MLA for Assiniboia , which covers much of his former federal riding . Fletcher was later removed from the PC caucus after publicly breaking with the party on multiple issues , specifically the creation of a new Crown Corporation and the Manitoba governments attempt to introduce a carbon tax . On August 14 , 2018 , Fletcher became leader of the Manitoba Party . He resigned as leader on April 22 , 2019 . He did not run in the 2019 provincial election . Return to federal politics . On May 22 , 2019 , Fletcher announced he would run again for his former seat in Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley as the candidate of the Peoples Party of Canada ( PPC ) , led by another former Conservative minister , Maxime Bernier . Fletcher claimed that he and Bernier are ideological soulmates . He came in fifth out of seven candidates in the election on October 21 , with Conservative candidate Marty Morantz , a lawyer and former Winnipeg City Council member , winning the seat from Liberal MP Doug Eyolfson . During the campaign , Fletcher saw some controversy for reusing signs from his prior federal and provincial Tory campaigns for his PPC campaign , though he argued that Elections Canada did not forbid this practice . Electoral record . Federal elections . All electoral information is taken from Elections Canada . Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals , and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available . External links . - Steven Fletcher official site - The Steven Fletcher Story
|
[
"Manitoba Party"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven John Fletcher ( born June 17 , 1972 ) is a Canadian politician . Fletcher was the leader of the Manitoba Party from 2018 to 2019 and an MLA in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher served in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015 , representing the riding of Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia as a member of the Conservative Party . In 2004 the then leader of the opposition Stephen Harper appointed Fletcher to the shadow cabinet as health critic . After the Conservatives formed government after the 2006 Canadian federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to Health in 2006 . He was appointed to cabinet in 2008 . He served on numerous cabinet committees . He was the Minister for Democratic Reform and then after the 2011 election",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": ", was appointed to Minister of State ( Transport ) . He was the first quadriplegic person and wheelchair user to serve in the House of Commons , as well as in Cabinet . Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) on October 30 , 2008 . After the Conservative Party victory on May 2 , 2011 , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Transport ) .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " In an effort to increase the number of women in cabinet , Fletcher was left out of cabinet in the July 15 , 2013 Cabinet shuffle by Prime Minister Stephen Harper . Although not officially in Cabinet , he continued to sit on the Treasury Board cabinet committee . Fletcher was defeated in the federal election of 2015 , but was elected six months later to the riding of Assiniboia in Manitobas 2016 provincial election serving until 2019 . Early life and career .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher was born in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , where his Canadian father was working as an engineer . He was raised in Manitoba , and attended Shaftesbury High School in Winnipeg . Fletcher received a degree in Geological Engineering from the University of Manitoba in 1995 .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " He became a complete quadriplegic on January 11 , 1996 , after hitting a moose with his vehicle while travelling to a geological engineering job in northern Manitoba . The accident left him completely paralysed below the neck , and he now requires 24-hour-a-day attendant care . He was unable to speak for several months , and only regained this ability after a long process of recovery .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "In the immediate aftermath of his accident , Fletcher was told that he would have to spend the rest of his life in an institution . Years later , he joked : I dont think the doctors ever thought the institution would be Parliament . When asked about his disability during his first campaign for public office , he quipped : I would rather be paralyzed from the neck down than from the neck up .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "Before his accident , Fletcher was a wilderness canoe enthusiast . He served as president of the Manitoba Recreational Canoeing Association , was a two-time former Manitoba Kayak champion , and competed in national events . He was able to resume his life as an outdoorsman in the mid-2000s through inventions such as the TrailRider , a device which allows people with quadriplegia to travel over rough terrain . In late 2004 , he was able to stand again with the assistance of a hydraulic wheelchair . He went on to compete in water races , and has won awards",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "using sip and puff steering technology . In 2006 , he visited the Burgess Shale in the Rocky Mountains with the help of a TrailRider and other hikers .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher has said that the accident changed his political views . He acknowledges that he didnt give the less-fortunate any consideration before 1996 , but now describes himself as a compassionate conservative .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher returned to the University of Manitoba in 1997 to take a Master of Business Administration ( MBA ) program . He was elected president of the University of Manitoba Students Union ( UMSU ) in February 1999 , and identified his main priorities as improving the universitys public profile and increasing access for students in financial need . He also called for greater university access for disabled students and for higher aboriginal enrollment . In October 1999 , he met with federal Finance Minister Paul Martin to lobby for increased student funding .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "Fletchers political views often put him at odds with other campus organizations during much of his tenure , and he was sometimes accused of administrative bias against left-wing groups . In early 2000 , he supported a decision by student council to freeze university funding for The Manitoban , a campus newspaper with a left-leaning editorial board . He argued that the issue at stake was one of financial accountability , although his opponents suggested he was trying to infringe on the papers autonomy . Funding was restored when the newspaper staff agreed to accept an Ombudsman Board .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was elected as a director of the Canadian Alliance of Student Associations during his first term . He was re-elected student body president in 2000 , and presided over the elimination of the UMSUs debt in May 2000 . He credited a partnership with Starbucks for much of the councils $43,000 surplus .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "In late 2000 , Fletcher announced that he would seek the Progressive Conservative nomination for a provincial by-election in Tuxedo , which was occasioned by the resignation of PC leader and former Premier of Manitoba Gary Filmon from the legislature . Some of his opponents later tried to remove him as student president , arguing that such partisan activity was inappropriate for someone elected to represent the interests of all students . Fletcher argued that the universitys constitution did not prevent him from participating in provincial politics , and described his opponents as far left extremists . He lost the",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "provincial nomination to Heather Stefanson . His opponents in the Graduate Students Association later voted to separate from UMSU , although the University of Manitoba refused to sanction the separation .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " Near the end of 2000 , Fletcher endorsed a report from the right-wing Fraser Institute which suggested that Canada would have to end university union contracts and professorial tenure to retain bright young academics . He was quoted as saying : There is merit . Youd have to break the union , I would guess .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "During the 2001 student election campaign , Fletcher , with the assistance of Colleen Bready , then UMSU vice-president , and a Security Services officer , performed an unannounced search of several student group offices . The affected groups included the Graduate Students Association , the Womyns Centre , the Amnesty International chapter , the U of M Recycling Group ( UMREG ) , the Rainbow Pride Mosaic , and the Manitoban . Fletcher and Bready said they had been made aware of a suspicion that campaign materials were being stored in the student group offices in violation of UMSU",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "election bylaws . The search was condemned by other campus groups , with UMREG coordinator Rob Altemeyer describing Fletchers actions as completely inappropriate . Fletcher defended his actions , saying : Its UMSU space . We have the authority and the right to check [ student organization ] space at any time . Bready said they felt warranted since a slate of candidates had already been found guilty earlier in the week of using the Graduate Students Association office for campaign activities .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " In March 2001 , Fletcher called for a central co-ordination body to oversee Manitobas universities , arguing that the province is too small to have five universities offering the same thing . He opposed the provincial governments 2001 decision to build a new university in northern Manitoba . Fletcher finished his second and final term as student president in May 2001 , and received his MBA in 2002 .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was elected president of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba in November 2001 , and was re-elected in 2003 . His relationship with party leader Stuart Murray was sometimes fractious . Fletcher criticized Murray in 2002 for hiring discredited advisor Taras Sokolyk without informing him , and suggested that Murray had not acted enough to improve the state of the partys finances .",
"title": "Party president"
},
{
"text": "After Fletchers election as party president , Manitoba Public Insurance announced that it would no longer provide travel expenses for his personal assistant . A representative for MPI argued that attending party functions was not a prerequisite for Fletchers stated career goal of becoming an elected politician , and indicated that the fund was not legally required to pay for these activities . Fletcher appealed this decision before the Manitoba Court of Appeal , hiring former New Democratic Party cabinet minister Sidney Green as his attorney . In May 2003 , the Court of Appeal ruled that MPI has the",
"title": "Party president"
},
{
"text": "discretion to fund such activities under Section 138 of the MPI Act , but is not obliged to use this discretion . He later tried to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada , but the court twice declined to hear his case . Fletcher filed a lawsuit against former provincial cabinet minister Becky Barrett in September 2003 , arguing that she had maliciously interfered in his legal battles .",
"title": "Party president"
},
{
"text": "In late 2003 , Fletcher defeated Don Murdock to win the Canadian Alliance nomination in Charleswood—St . James for the 2004 federal election . He later supported the merger of the Canadian Alliance with the more centrist Progressive Conservative Party of Canada , and endorsed Stephen Harpers bid to lead the merged Conservative Party of Canada in early 2004 . Fletchers Alliance nomination was rendered void by the merger , and he was required to contest another nomination for the new party . He defeated Murdock a second time , and was declared the ridings Conservative Party candidate in March",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": "2004 .",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher defeated star Liberal candidate Glen Murray , a popular former Mayor of Winnipeg , by 734 votes in the 2004 election . His victory was considered an upset , although polls before election day indicated the result would be close . The Liberal Party won a minority government nationally , and Fletcher was named as Senior Health Critic in the Official Opposition .",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher is the first Member of Parliament ( MP ) in Canadian history with a permanent disability . A running joke during his first campaign was that he would have to be a front bench MP , as the backbenches are not wheelchair-accessible . His election created the need for a stranger to the House—a person who is not officially an MP or officer of Parliament—in this case , his aide , to be on the floor of the Commons during sessions .",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": " The Parliament buildings had to be adapted to accommodate Fletcher . In Ottawa , Fletcher has advocated for community living , the integration of physically or mentally challenged individuals into society . He has said , “Community living is better for the individual for sure , better for their families , and in most cases—not all—it’s better on the taxpayer too.”",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": " As Conservative Health Critic , Fletcher described himself as a supporter of the Canada Health Act but also indicated a willingness to permit greater private-sector involvement . He suggested that the government is notorious for stifling innovation , and argued that the private sector should not be pigeonholed like doctors who tried to pigeonhole me . Liberal Health Minister Ujjal Dosanjh responded by arguing that the Conservative position would jeopardize the principles of the Canada Health Act .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": "On April 20 , 2005 , the House of Commons supported Fletchers Motion to compensate all Canadians who were infected with Hepatitis C by the Canadian Red Cross as a result of its failure to test blood samples . This was a major development in a decade-long struggle to have the pre-1986 and post-1990 Hepatitis C victims included in a federal compensation package . A compensation funding package was announced in 2006 .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": " The following month , Fletcher became involved in a controversy unrelated to his parliamentary duties . On May 21 , 2005 , he apologized for saying The Japs were bastards at a veterans convention in Winnipeg the previous week , in reference to Japanese Imperial Army during World War II . He defended the general intent of his remarks , noting that his grandfather had witnessed the Japanese army commit atrocities when he was taken as a prisoner of war after that fall of Singapore . He also acknowledged that he used language that was inappropriate .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": "In November 2005 , Fletcher and New Democratic Party MP Pat Martin endorsed a motion to minimize trans fats in the Canadian food supply . A task force to investigate the issue of trans fats was subsequently struck and provided recommendations to the government in 2007 .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was re-elected with an increased majority in the 2006 federal election , as the Conservatives won a minority government nationally . After the election , he was appointed as parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Health and the minister for the Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher supported Sam Katzs bid for re-election as Mayor of Winnipeg in 2006 . In late 2006 , he assisted Liberal MP Andy Scott in presenting a motion for a national strategy on the treatment of persons with autism . He received a 2006 Champion of Mental Health Award .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher has received awards for community involvement , including a special award from the National Cancer Leadership Forum for advocating a national cancer strategy . He has also received the Courage and Leadership Award from the Canadian Cancer Society , and was inducted into the Terry Fox Hall of Fame on November 13 , 2006 . Fletcher was also awarded the King Clancy Award , as well as being a recipient of her Majestys Golden Jubilee Medal for his contributions to Canada .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher has advocated for embryonic stem cell research using embryos that would otherwise be discarded from in-vitro fertilization techniques . He stated on CBCs The National , I would ask this question . A Canadian who finds themselves with a terrible ailment or a loved one with a terrible ailment and there is a cure that is derived by embryonic stem cell research , would they deny their loved one or themselves that cure because of the source of the cure ? Most Canadians would say please , cure me .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " In March 2007 , Fletcher began a campaign to have Ottawas taxi service improve its wheelchair accessibility . Former Manitoba MLA Linda McIntosh wrote a book about Fletchers life , entitled What Do You Do If You Dont Die? , released in December 2008 . Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "After being elected for a third time in the 2008 federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State for Democratic Reform on October 30 , 2008 . Fletcher is the first person in history with a permanent disability to be named to the Canadian cabinet . At the time of his appointment , he was quoted saying “I would pinch myself if I could.”",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher is only the third federal Conservative cabinet minister from a Winnipeg riding . The previous two were Gordon Churchill during the 1950s and Hugh John Macdonald , son of the first Canadian prime minister John A . Macdonald , who served as a cabinet minister in the late 19th century .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "On March 4 , 2010 , Fletcher received the Christopher Reeve Award from the Canadian Paraplegic Association . Teren Clarke , Executive Director of the Canadian Paraplegic Association , said when the announcement was made : “Steven Fletcher’s journey is an inspiration to all of us since sustaining a high level spinal cord injury only a few years ago . And now as a member of the Federal Cabinet , he deals with matters well beyond the scope of disability issues , and that deserves our recognition with this national/international award.”",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Minister of State ( Transport ) . Fletcher was re-elected in the 2011 federal election , winning 58 percent of votes . As Minister of State for Transport , Fletchers new responsibilities fall within the larger portfolio of the Honourable Denis Lebel , Minister of Transport , Infrastructure and Communities . In addition to continuing to serve on Treasury Board , Minister Fletcher also served on the Cabinet Committee on Economic Prosperity and Sustainable Growth . “When it comes to Canada’s transportation systems , our Government is committed to protecting the safety and security of Canadians,” said Fletcher .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "As Minister of State , Fletcher was responsible for the Crown Corporations the fall within the Transport portfolio . These include but are not limited to ; Canada Post , VIA Rail , Canadian Air Transport Security Authority ( CATSA ) , Ridley Coal Terminals , and half a dozen federally owned bridges . Fletcher also conducted National Round Tables on Infrastructure in the year 2012 to help develop a National Infrastructure Program . In budget 2013 a $70 billion investment over 10 years into infrastructure was announced by the Minister of Finance Jim Flaherty .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "On January 16 , 2012 , Fletcher announced that he was temporarily stepping down from his position as Minister of State for Transport for an unspecified medical procedure . Fletcher underwent a 12-hour surgery on January 19 , 2012 . The doctors removed an old titanium rod and replaced it with a much longer rod , this time secured to the back of his neck , not the front . It stretches from the middle of Fletchers head to the middle of his back . If our civilization lasts 1,000 years , my neck will last 1,000 years . It",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "feels better than I can remember , Fletcher said .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " On March 26 , 2012 , Fletcher returned to office and resumed full activities as Minister of State ( Transport ) and Member of Parliament for Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "On July 15 , 2013 , Fletcher was moved from Cabinet by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in order to make way for more women in a wide-ranging cabinet shuffle that saw several members of the Cabinet replaced . Fletcher stated on Twitter I am Conservative . I am a traditionalist . I wish I had left Cabinet in the traditional way—with a sex scandal . Prime Minister Harper kept Fletcher on Treasury Board after the Cabinet shuffle . Fletcher was the longest serving member on the board .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " In March 2014 , Fletcher introduced a private members bill to make physician-assisted death legal under Canadian laws . When the Supreme Court struck down the law prohibiting assisted suicide in February 2015 , Fletcher spoke out in support of the courts ruling . The Supreme Court quoted part of Fletchers private members bill verbatim in its decision .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "During the 2015 election campaign , Fletcher released a memoir , Master of My Own Fate , co-written with Linda McIntosh . The book chronicles the seven years after the end of McIntoshs first biography What Do You Do If You Dont Die ? The book describes events leading up to Fletcher introducing his two private members bills on physician-assisted death . It also provides anecdotes on people and events on Parliament Hill including the October 2014 shooting at Parliament Hill and well known Conservatives who are now deceased including former finance minister Jim Flaherty and former senator Doug Finley",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": ". The views of other former and current parliamentarians on this issue include Senators Nancy Ruth and Larry Campbell , MP Peter Kent , former MP Svend Robinson and Green Party leader Elizabeth May .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was defeated in the 2015 federal election , contesting the renamed Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley , by Liberal Doug Eyolfson as the Conservatives lost all six of their seats in Winnipeg .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Six months after his defeat , Fletcher moved to provincial politics when he was elected for as the Progressive Conservative MLA for Assiniboia , which covers much of his former federal riding .",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher was later removed from the PC caucus after publicly breaking with the party on multiple issues , specifically the creation of a new Crown Corporation and the Manitoba governments attempt to introduce a carbon tax . On August 14 , 2018 , Fletcher became leader of the Manitoba Party . He resigned as leader on April 22 , 2019 . He did not run in the 2019 provincial election .",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": "On May 22 , 2019 , Fletcher announced he would run again for his former seat in Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley as the candidate of the Peoples Party of Canada ( PPC ) , led by another former Conservative minister , Maxime Bernier . Fletcher claimed that he and Bernier are ideological soulmates . He came in fifth out of seven candidates in the election on October 21 , with Conservative candidate Marty Morantz , a lawyer and former Winnipeg City Council member , winning the seat from Liberal MP Doug Eyolfson . During the campaign , Fletcher saw some controversy",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": "for reusing signs from his prior federal and provincial Tory campaigns for his PPC campaign , though he argued that Elections Canada did not forbid this practice .",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": " All electoral information is taken from Elections Canada . Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals , and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available .",
"title": "Federal elections"
},
{
"text": " - Steven Fletcher official site - The Steven Fletcher Story",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Steven_Fletcher_(politician)#P102#3
|
Which party was Steven Fletcher (politician) a member of in Jul 2019?
|
Steven Fletcher ( politician ) Steven John Fletcher ( born June 17 , 1972 ) is a Canadian politician . Fletcher was the leader of the Manitoba Party from 2018 to 2019 and an MLA in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly . Fletcher served in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015 , representing the riding of Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia as a member of the Conservative Party . In 2004 the then leader of the opposition Stephen Harper appointed Fletcher to the shadow cabinet as health critic . After the Conservatives formed government after the 2006 Canadian federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to Health in 2006 . He was appointed to cabinet in 2008 . He served on numerous cabinet committees . He was the Minister for Democratic Reform and then after the 2011 election , was appointed to Minister of State ( Transport ) . He was the first quadriplegic person and wheelchair user to serve in the House of Commons , as well as in Cabinet . Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) on October 30 , 2008 . After the Conservative Party victory on May 2 , 2011 , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Transport ) . In an effort to increase the number of women in cabinet , Fletcher was left out of cabinet in the July 15 , 2013 Cabinet shuffle by Prime Minister Stephen Harper . Although not officially in Cabinet , he continued to sit on the Treasury Board cabinet committee . Fletcher was defeated in the federal election of 2015 , but was elected six months later to the riding of Assiniboia in Manitobas 2016 provincial election serving until 2019 . Early life and career . Fletcher was born in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , where his Canadian father was working as an engineer . He was raised in Manitoba , and attended Shaftesbury High School in Winnipeg . Fletcher received a degree in Geological Engineering from the University of Manitoba in 1995 . He became a complete quadriplegic on January 11 , 1996 , after hitting a moose with his vehicle while travelling to a geological engineering job in northern Manitoba . The accident left him completely paralysed below the neck , and he now requires 24-hour-a-day attendant care . He was unable to speak for several months , and only regained this ability after a long process of recovery . In the immediate aftermath of his accident , Fletcher was told that he would have to spend the rest of his life in an institution . Years later , he joked : I dont think the doctors ever thought the institution would be Parliament . When asked about his disability during his first campaign for public office , he quipped : I would rather be paralyzed from the neck down than from the neck up . Before his accident , Fletcher was a wilderness canoe enthusiast . He served as president of the Manitoba Recreational Canoeing Association , was a two-time former Manitoba Kayak champion , and competed in national events . He was able to resume his life as an outdoorsman in the mid-2000s through inventions such as the TrailRider , a device which allows people with quadriplegia to travel over rough terrain . In late 2004 , he was able to stand again with the assistance of a hydraulic wheelchair . He went on to compete in water races , and has won awards using sip and puff steering technology . In 2006 , he visited the Burgess Shale in the Rocky Mountains with the help of a TrailRider and other hikers . Fletcher has said that the accident changed his political views . He acknowledges that he didnt give the less-fortunate any consideration before 1996 , but now describes himself as a compassionate conservative . Students union president . Fletcher returned to the University of Manitoba in 1997 to take a Master of Business Administration ( MBA ) program . He was elected president of the University of Manitoba Students Union ( UMSU ) in February 1999 , and identified his main priorities as improving the universitys public profile and increasing access for students in financial need . He also called for greater university access for disabled students and for higher aboriginal enrollment . In October 1999 , he met with federal Finance Minister Paul Martin to lobby for increased student funding . Fletchers political views often put him at odds with other campus organizations during much of his tenure , and he was sometimes accused of administrative bias against left-wing groups . In early 2000 , he supported a decision by student council to freeze university funding for The Manitoban , a campus newspaper with a left-leaning editorial board . He argued that the issue at stake was one of financial accountability , although his opponents suggested he was trying to infringe on the papers autonomy . Funding was restored when the newspaper staff agreed to accept an Ombudsman Board . Fletcher was elected as a director of the Canadian Alliance of Student Associations during his first term . He was re-elected student body president in 2000 , and presided over the elimination of the UMSUs debt in May 2000 . He credited a partnership with Starbucks for much of the councils $43,000 surplus . In late 2000 , Fletcher announced that he would seek the Progressive Conservative nomination for a provincial by-election in Tuxedo , which was occasioned by the resignation of PC leader and former Premier of Manitoba Gary Filmon from the legislature . Some of his opponents later tried to remove him as student president , arguing that such partisan activity was inappropriate for someone elected to represent the interests of all students . Fletcher argued that the universitys constitution did not prevent him from participating in provincial politics , and described his opponents as far left extremists . He lost the provincial nomination to Heather Stefanson . His opponents in the Graduate Students Association later voted to separate from UMSU , although the University of Manitoba refused to sanction the separation . Near the end of 2000 , Fletcher endorsed a report from the right-wing Fraser Institute which suggested that Canada would have to end university union contracts and professorial tenure to retain bright young academics . He was quoted as saying : There is merit . Youd have to break the union , I would guess . During the 2001 student election campaign , Fletcher , with the assistance of Colleen Bready , then UMSU vice-president , and a Security Services officer , performed an unannounced search of several student group offices . The affected groups included the Graduate Students Association , the Womyns Centre , the Amnesty International chapter , the U of M Recycling Group ( UMREG ) , the Rainbow Pride Mosaic , and the Manitoban . Fletcher and Bready said they had been made aware of a suspicion that campaign materials were being stored in the student group offices in violation of UMSU election bylaws . The search was condemned by other campus groups , with UMREG coordinator Rob Altemeyer describing Fletchers actions as completely inappropriate . Fletcher defended his actions , saying : Its UMSU space . We have the authority and the right to check [ student organization ] space at any time . Bready said they felt warranted since a slate of candidates had already been found guilty earlier in the week of using the Graduate Students Association office for campaign activities . In March 2001 , Fletcher called for a central co-ordination body to oversee Manitobas universities , arguing that the province is too small to have five universities offering the same thing . He opposed the provincial governments 2001 decision to build a new university in northern Manitoba . Fletcher finished his second and final term as student president in May 2001 , and received his MBA in 2002 . Political career . Party president . Fletcher was elected president of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba in November 2001 , and was re-elected in 2003 . His relationship with party leader Stuart Murray was sometimes fractious . Fletcher criticized Murray in 2002 for hiring discredited advisor Taras Sokolyk without informing him , and suggested that Murray had not acted enough to improve the state of the partys finances . After Fletchers election as party president , Manitoba Public Insurance announced that it would no longer provide travel expenses for his personal assistant . A representative for MPI argued that attending party functions was not a prerequisite for Fletchers stated career goal of becoming an elected politician , and indicated that the fund was not legally required to pay for these activities . Fletcher appealed this decision before the Manitoba Court of Appeal , hiring former New Democratic Party cabinet minister Sidney Green as his attorney . In May 2003 , the Court of Appeal ruled that MPI has the discretion to fund such activities under Section 138 of the MPI Act , but is not obliged to use this discretion . He later tried to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada , but the court twice declined to hear his case . Fletcher filed a lawsuit against former provincial cabinet minister Becky Barrett in September 2003 , arguing that she had maliciously interfered in his legal battles . Federal politician . In late 2003 , Fletcher defeated Don Murdock to win the Canadian Alliance nomination in Charleswood—St . James for the 2004 federal election . He later supported the merger of the Canadian Alliance with the more centrist Progressive Conservative Party of Canada , and endorsed Stephen Harpers bid to lead the merged Conservative Party of Canada in early 2004 . Fletchers Alliance nomination was rendered void by the merger , and he was required to contest another nomination for the new party . He defeated Murdock a second time , and was declared the ridings Conservative Party candidate in March 2004 . Fletcher defeated star Liberal candidate Glen Murray , a popular former Mayor of Winnipeg , by 734 votes in the 2004 election . His victory was considered an upset , although polls before election day indicated the result would be close . The Liberal Party won a minority government nationally , and Fletcher was named as Senior Health Critic in the Official Opposition . Fletcher is the first Member of Parliament ( MP ) in Canadian history with a permanent disability . A running joke during his first campaign was that he would have to be a front bench MP , as the backbenches are not wheelchair-accessible . His election created the need for a stranger to the House—a person who is not officially an MP or officer of Parliament—in this case , his aide , to be on the floor of the Commons during sessions . The Parliament buildings had to be adapted to accommodate Fletcher . In Ottawa , Fletcher has advocated for community living , the integration of physically or mentally challenged individuals into society . He has said , “Community living is better for the individual for sure , better for their families , and in most cases—not all—it’s better on the taxpayer too.” Opposition MP . As Conservative Health Critic , Fletcher described himself as a supporter of the Canada Health Act but also indicated a willingness to permit greater private-sector involvement . He suggested that the government is notorious for stifling innovation , and argued that the private sector should not be pigeonholed like doctors who tried to pigeonhole me . Liberal Health Minister Ujjal Dosanjh responded by arguing that the Conservative position would jeopardize the principles of the Canada Health Act . On April 20 , 2005 , the House of Commons supported Fletchers Motion to compensate all Canadians who were infected with Hepatitis C by the Canadian Red Cross as a result of its failure to test blood samples . This was a major development in a decade-long struggle to have the pre-1986 and post-1990 Hepatitis C victims included in a federal compensation package . A compensation funding package was announced in 2006 . The following month , Fletcher became involved in a controversy unrelated to his parliamentary duties . On May 21 , 2005 , he apologized for saying The Japs were bastards at a veterans convention in Winnipeg the previous week , in reference to Japanese Imperial Army during World War II . He defended the general intent of his remarks , noting that his grandfather had witnessed the Japanese army commit atrocities when he was taken as a prisoner of war after that fall of Singapore . He also acknowledged that he used language that was inappropriate . In November 2005 , Fletcher and New Democratic Party MP Pat Martin endorsed a motion to minimize trans fats in the Canadian food supply . A task force to investigate the issue of trans fats was subsequently struck and provided recommendations to the government in 2007 . Government MP . Fletcher was re-elected with an increased majority in the 2006 federal election , as the Conservatives won a minority government nationally . After the election , he was appointed as parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Health and the minister for the Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario . Fletcher supported Sam Katzs bid for re-election as Mayor of Winnipeg in 2006 . In late 2006 , he assisted Liberal MP Andy Scott in presenting a motion for a national strategy on the treatment of persons with autism . He received a 2006 Champion of Mental Health Award . Fletcher has received awards for community involvement , including a special award from the National Cancer Leadership Forum for advocating a national cancer strategy . He has also received the Courage and Leadership Award from the Canadian Cancer Society , and was inducted into the Terry Fox Hall of Fame on November 13 , 2006 . Fletcher was also awarded the King Clancy Award , as well as being a recipient of her Majestys Golden Jubilee Medal for his contributions to Canada . Fletcher has advocated for embryonic stem cell research using embryos that would otherwise be discarded from in-vitro fertilization techniques . He stated on CBCs The National , I would ask this question . A Canadian who finds themselves with a terrible ailment or a loved one with a terrible ailment and there is a cure that is derived by embryonic stem cell research , would they deny their loved one or themselves that cure because of the source of the cure ? Most Canadians would say please , cure me . In March 2007 , Fletcher began a campaign to have Ottawas taxi service improve its wheelchair accessibility . Former Manitoba MLA Linda McIntosh wrote a book about Fletchers life , entitled What Do You Do If You Dont Die? , released in December 2008 . Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) . After being elected for a third time in the 2008 federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State for Democratic Reform on October 30 , 2008 . Fletcher is the first person in history with a permanent disability to be named to the Canadian cabinet . At the time of his appointment , he was quoted saying “I would pinch myself if I could.” Fletcher is only the third federal Conservative cabinet minister from a Winnipeg riding . The previous two were Gordon Churchill during the 1950s and Hugh John Macdonald , son of the first Canadian prime minister John A . Macdonald , who served as a cabinet minister in the late 19th century . On March 4 , 2010 , Fletcher received the Christopher Reeve Award from the Canadian Paraplegic Association . Teren Clarke , Executive Director of the Canadian Paraplegic Association , said when the announcement was made : “Steven Fletcher’s journey is an inspiration to all of us since sustaining a high level spinal cord injury only a few years ago . And now as a member of the Federal Cabinet , he deals with matters well beyond the scope of disability issues , and that deserves our recognition with this national/international award.” Minister of State ( Transport ) . Fletcher was re-elected in the 2011 federal election , winning 58 percent of votes . As Minister of State for Transport , Fletchers new responsibilities fall within the larger portfolio of the Honourable Denis Lebel , Minister of Transport , Infrastructure and Communities . In addition to continuing to serve on Treasury Board , Minister Fletcher also served on the Cabinet Committee on Economic Prosperity and Sustainable Growth . “When it comes to Canada’s transportation systems , our Government is committed to protecting the safety and security of Canadians,” said Fletcher . As Minister of State , Fletcher was responsible for the Crown Corporations the fall within the Transport portfolio . These include but are not limited to ; Canada Post , VIA Rail , Canadian Air Transport Security Authority ( CATSA ) , Ridley Coal Terminals , and half a dozen federally owned bridges . Fletcher also conducted National Round Tables on Infrastructure in the year 2012 to help develop a National Infrastructure Program . In budget 2013 a $70 billion investment over 10 years into infrastructure was announced by the Minister of Finance Jim Flaherty . On January 16 , 2012 , Fletcher announced that he was temporarily stepping down from his position as Minister of State for Transport for an unspecified medical procedure . Fletcher underwent a 12-hour surgery on January 19 , 2012 . The doctors removed an old titanium rod and replaced it with a much longer rod , this time secured to the back of his neck , not the front . It stretches from the middle of Fletchers head to the middle of his back . If our civilization lasts 1,000 years , my neck will last 1,000 years . It feels better than I can remember , Fletcher said . On March 26 , 2012 , Fletcher returned to office and resumed full activities as Minister of State ( Transport ) and Member of Parliament for Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia . On July 15 , 2013 , Fletcher was moved from Cabinet by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in order to make way for more women in a wide-ranging cabinet shuffle that saw several members of the Cabinet replaced . Fletcher stated on Twitter I am Conservative . I am a traditionalist . I wish I had left Cabinet in the traditional way—with a sex scandal . Prime Minister Harper kept Fletcher on Treasury Board after the Cabinet shuffle . Fletcher was the longest serving member on the board . In March 2014 , Fletcher introduced a private members bill to make physician-assisted death legal under Canadian laws . When the Supreme Court struck down the law prohibiting assisted suicide in February 2015 , Fletcher spoke out in support of the courts ruling . The Supreme Court quoted part of Fletchers private members bill verbatim in its decision . During the 2015 election campaign , Fletcher released a memoir , Master of My Own Fate , co-written with Linda McIntosh . The book chronicles the seven years after the end of McIntoshs first biography What Do You Do If You Dont Die ? The book describes events leading up to Fletcher introducing his two private members bills on physician-assisted death . It also provides anecdotes on people and events on Parliament Hill including the October 2014 shooting at Parliament Hill and well known Conservatives who are now deceased including former finance minister Jim Flaherty and former senator Doug Finley . The views of other former and current parliamentarians on this issue include Senators Nancy Ruth and Larry Campbell , MP Peter Kent , former MP Svend Robinson and Green Party leader Elizabeth May . Fletcher was defeated in the 2015 federal election , contesting the renamed Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley , by Liberal Doug Eyolfson as the Conservatives lost all six of their seats in Winnipeg . Provincial MLA . Six months after his defeat , Fletcher moved to provincial politics when he was elected for as the Progressive Conservative MLA for Assiniboia , which covers much of his former federal riding . Fletcher was later removed from the PC caucus after publicly breaking with the party on multiple issues , specifically the creation of a new Crown Corporation and the Manitoba governments attempt to introduce a carbon tax . On August 14 , 2018 , Fletcher became leader of the Manitoba Party . He resigned as leader on April 22 , 2019 . He did not run in the 2019 provincial election . Return to federal politics . On May 22 , 2019 , Fletcher announced he would run again for his former seat in Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley as the candidate of the Peoples Party of Canada ( PPC ) , led by another former Conservative minister , Maxime Bernier . Fletcher claimed that he and Bernier are ideological soulmates . He came in fifth out of seven candidates in the election on October 21 , with Conservative candidate Marty Morantz , a lawyer and former Winnipeg City Council member , winning the seat from Liberal MP Doug Eyolfson . During the campaign , Fletcher saw some controversy for reusing signs from his prior federal and provincial Tory campaigns for his PPC campaign , though he argued that Elections Canada did not forbid this practice . Electoral record . Federal elections . All electoral information is taken from Elections Canada . Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals , and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available . External links . - Steven Fletcher official site - The Steven Fletcher Story
|
[
"Peoples Party of Canada"
] |
[
{
"text": " Steven John Fletcher ( born June 17 , 1972 ) is a Canadian politician . Fletcher was the leader of the Manitoba Party from 2018 to 2019 and an MLA in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher served in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015 , representing the riding of Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia as a member of the Conservative Party . In 2004 the then leader of the opposition Stephen Harper appointed Fletcher to the shadow cabinet as health critic . After the Conservatives formed government after the 2006 Canadian federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to Health in 2006 . He was appointed to cabinet in 2008 . He served on numerous cabinet committees . He was the Minister for Democratic Reform and then after the 2011 election",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": ", was appointed to Minister of State ( Transport ) . He was the first quadriplegic person and wheelchair user to serve in the House of Commons , as well as in Cabinet . Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) on October 30 , 2008 . After the Conservative Party victory on May 2 , 2011 , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Transport ) .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " In an effort to increase the number of women in cabinet , Fletcher was left out of cabinet in the July 15 , 2013 Cabinet shuffle by Prime Minister Stephen Harper . Although not officially in Cabinet , he continued to sit on the Treasury Board cabinet committee . Fletcher was defeated in the federal election of 2015 , but was elected six months later to the riding of Assiniboia in Manitobas 2016 provincial election serving until 2019 . Early life and career .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher was born in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , where his Canadian father was working as an engineer . He was raised in Manitoba , and attended Shaftesbury High School in Winnipeg . Fletcher received a degree in Geological Engineering from the University of Manitoba in 1995 .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " He became a complete quadriplegic on January 11 , 1996 , after hitting a moose with his vehicle while travelling to a geological engineering job in northern Manitoba . The accident left him completely paralysed below the neck , and he now requires 24-hour-a-day attendant care . He was unable to speak for several months , and only regained this ability after a long process of recovery .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "In the immediate aftermath of his accident , Fletcher was told that he would have to spend the rest of his life in an institution . Years later , he joked : I dont think the doctors ever thought the institution would be Parliament . When asked about his disability during his first campaign for public office , he quipped : I would rather be paralyzed from the neck down than from the neck up .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "Before his accident , Fletcher was a wilderness canoe enthusiast . He served as president of the Manitoba Recreational Canoeing Association , was a two-time former Manitoba Kayak champion , and competed in national events . He was able to resume his life as an outdoorsman in the mid-2000s through inventions such as the TrailRider , a device which allows people with quadriplegia to travel over rough terrain . In late 2004 , he was able to stand again with the assistance of a hydraulic wheelchair . He went on to compete in water races , and has won awards",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": "using sip and puff steering technology . In 2006 , he visited the Burgess Shale in the Rocky Mountains with the help of a TrailRider and other hikers .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher has said that the accident changed his political views . He acknowledges that he didnt give the less-fortunate any consideration before 1996 , but now describes himself as a compassionate conservative .",
"title": "Steven Fletcher ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher returned to the University of Manitoba in 1997 to take a Master of Business Administration ( MBA ) program . He was elected president of the University of Manitoba Students Union ( UMSU ) in February 1999 , and identified his main priorities as improving the universitys public profile and increasing access for students in financial need . He also called for greater university access for disabled students and for higher aboriginal enrollment . In October 1999 , he met with federal Finance Minister Paul Martin to lobby for increased student funding .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "Fletchers political views often put him at odds with other campus organizations during much of his tenure , and he was sometimes accused of administrative bias against left-wing groups . In early 2000 , he supported a decision by student council to freeze university funding for The Manitoban , a campus newspaper with a left-leaning editorial board . He argued that the issue at stake was one of financial accountability , although his opponents suggested he was trying to infringe on the papers autonomy . Funding was restored when the newspaper staff agreed to accept an Ombudsman Board .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was elected as a director of the Canadian Alliance of Student Associations during his first term . He was re-elected student body president in 2000 , and presided over the elimination of the UMSUs debt in May 2000 . He credited a partnership with Starbucks for much of the councils $43,000 surplus .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "In late 2000 , Fletcher announced that he would seek the Progressive Conservative nomination for a provincial by-election in Tuxedo , which was occasioned by the resignation of PC leader and former Premier of Manitoba Gary Filmon from the legislature . Some of his opponents later tried to remove him as student president , arguing that such partisan activity was inappropriate for someone elected to represent the interests of all students . Fletcher argued that the universitys constitution did not prevent him from participating in provincial politics , and described his opponents as far left extremists . He lost the",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "provincial nomination to Heather Stefanson . His opponents in the Graduate Students Association later voted to separate from UMSU , although the University of Manitoba refused to sanction the separation .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " Near the end of 2000 , Fletcher endorsed a report from the right-wing Fraser Institute which suggested that Canada would have to end university union contracts and professorial tenure to retain bright young academics . He was quoted as saying : There is merit . Youd have to break the union , I would guess .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "During the 2001 student election campaign , Fletcher , with the assistance of Colleen Bready , then UMSU vice-president , and a Security Services officer , performed an unannounced search of several student group offices . The affected groups included the Graduate Students Association , the Womyns Centre , the Amnesty International chapter , the U of M Recycling Group ( UMREG ) , the Rainbow Pride Mosaic , and the Manitoban . Fletcher and Bready said they had been made aware of a suspicion that campaign materials were being stored in the student group offices in violation of UMSU",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": "election bylaws . The search was condemned by other campus groups , with UMREG coordinator Rob Altemeyer describing Fletchers actions as completely inappropriate . Fletcher defended his actions , saying : Its UMSU space . We have the authority and the right to check [ student organization ] space at any time . Bready said they felt warranted since a slate of candidates had already been found guilty earlier in the week of using the Graduate Students Association office for campaign activities .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " In March 2001 , Fletcher called for a central co-ordination body to oversee Manitobas universities , arguing that the province is too small to have five universities offering the same thing . He opposed the provincial governments 2001 decision to build a new university in northern Manitoba . Fletcher finished his second and final term as student president in May 2001 , and received his MBA in 2002 .",
"title": "Students union president"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was elected president of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba in November 2001 , and was re-elected in 2003 . His relationship with party leader Stuart Murray was sometimes fractious . Fletcher criticized Murray in 2002 for hiring discredited advisor Taras Sokolyk without informing him , and suggested that Murray had not acted enough to improve the state of the partys finances .",
"title": "Party president"
},
{
"text": "After Fletchers election as party president , Manitoba Public Insurance announced that it would no longer provide travel expenses for his personal assistant . A representative for MPI argued that attending party functions was not a prerequisite for Fletchers stated career goal of becoming an elected politician , and indicated that the fund was not legally required to pay for these activities . Fletcher appealed this decision before the Manitoba Court of Appeal , hiring former New Democratic Party cabinet minister Sidney Green as his attorney . In May 2003 , the Court of Appeal ruled that MPI has the",
"title": "Party president"
},
{
"text": "discretion to fund such activities under Section 138 of the MPI Act , but is not obliged to use this discretion . He later tried to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada , but the court twice declined to hear his case . Fletcher filed a lawsuit against former provincial cabinet minister Becky Barrett in September 2003 , arguing that she had maliciously interfered in his legal battles .",
"title": "Party president"
},
{
"text": "In late 2003 , Fletcher defeated Don Murdock to win the Canadian Alliance nomination in Charleswood—St . James for the 2004 federal election . He later supported the merger of the Canadian Alliance with the more centrist Progressive Conservative Party of Canada , and endorsed Stephen Harpers bid to lead the merged Conservative Party of Canada in early 2004 . Fletchers Alliance nomination was rendered void by the merger , and he was required to contest another nomination for the new party . He defeated Murdock a second time , and was declared the ridings Conservative Party candidate in March",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": "2004 .",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher defeated star Liberal candidate Glen Murray , a popular former Mayor of Winnipeg , by 734 votes in the 2004 election . His victory was considered an upset , although polls before election day indicated the result would be close . The Liberal Party won a minority government nationally , and Fletcher was named as Senior Health Critic in the Official Opposition .",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher is the first Member of Parliament ( MP ) in Canadian history with a permanent disability . A running joke during his first campaign was that he would have to be a front bench MP , as the backbenches are not wheelchair-accessible . His election created the need for a stranger to the House—a person who is not officially an MP or officer of Parliament—in this case , his aide , to be on the floor of the Commons during sessions .",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": " The Parliament buildings had to be adapted to accommodate Fletcher . In Ottawa , Fletcher has advocated for community living , the integration of physically or mentally challenged individuals into society . He has said , “Community living is better for the individual for sure , better for their families , and in most cases—not all—it’s better on the taxpayer too.”",
"title": "Federal politician"
},
{
"text": " As Conservative Health Critic , Fletcher described himself as a supporter of the Canada Health Act but also indicated a willingness to permit greater private-sector involvement . He suggested that the government is notorious for stifling innovation , and argued that the private sector should not be pigeonholed like doctors who tried to pigeonhole me . Liberal Health Minister Ujjal Dosanjh responded by arguing that the Conservative position would jeopardize the principles of the Canada Health Act .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": "On April 20 , 2005 , the House of Commons supported Fletchers Motion to compensate all Canadians who were infected with Hepatitis C by the Canadian Red Cross as a result of its failure to test blood samples . This was a major development in a decade-long struggle to have the pre-1986 and post-1990 Hepatitis C victims included in a federal compensation package . A compensation funding package was announced in 2006 .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": " The following month , Fletcher became involved in a controversy unrelated to his parliamentary duties . On May 21 , 2005 , he apologized for saying The Japs were bastards at a veterans convention in Winnipeg the previous week , in reference to Japanese Imperial Army during World War II . He defended the general intent of his remarks , noting that his grandfather had witnessed the Japanese army commit atrocities when he was taken as a prisoner of war after that fall of Singapore . He also acknowledged that he used language that was inappropriate .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": "In November 2005 , Fletcher and New Democratic Party MP Pat Martin endorsed a motion to minimize trans fats in the Canadian food supply . A task force to investigate the issue of trans fats was subsequently struck and provided recommendations to the government in 2007 .",
"title": "Opposition MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was re-elected with an increased majority in the 2006 federal election , as the Conservatives won a minority government nationally . After the election , he was appointed as parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Health and the minister for the Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher supported Sam Katzs bid for re-election as Mayor of Winnipeg in 2006 . In late 2006 , he assisted Liberal MP Andy Scott in presenting a motion for a national strategy on the treatment of persons with autism . He received a 2006 Champion of Mental Health Award .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher has received awards for community involvement , including a special award from the National Cancer Leadership Forum for advocating a national cancer strategy . He has also received the Courage and Leadership Award from the Canadian Cancer Society , and was inducted into the Terry Fox Hall of Fame on November 13 , 2006 . Fletcher was also awarded the King Clancy Award , as well as being a recipient of her Majestys Golden Jubilee Medal for his contributions to Canada .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher has advocated for embryonic stem cell research using embryos that would otherwise be discarded from in-vitro fertilization techniques . He stated on CBCs The National , I would ask this question . A Canadian who finds themselves with a terrible ailment or a loved one with a terrible ailment and there is a cure that is derived by embryonic stem cell research , would they deny their loved one or themselves that cure because of the source of the cure ? Most Canadians would say please , cure me .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " In March 2007 , Fletcher began a campaign to have Ottawas taxi service improve its wheelchair accessibility . Former Manitoba MLA Linda McIntosh wrote a book about Fletchers life , entitled What Do You Do If You Dont Die? , released in December 2008 . Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "After being elected for a third time in the 2008 federal election , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State for Democratic Reform on October 30 , 2008 . Fletcher is the first person in history with a permanent disability to be named to the Canadian cabinet . At the time of his appointment , he was quoted saying “I would pinch myself if I could.”",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher is only the third federal Conservative cabinet minister from a Winnipeg riding . The previous two were Gordon Churchill during the 1950s and Hugh John Macdonald , son of the first Canadian prime minister John A . Macdonald , who served as a cabinet minister in the late 19th century .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "On March 4 , 2010 , Fletcher received the Christopher Reeve Award from the Canadian Paraplegic Association . Teren Clarke , Executive Director of the Canadian Paraplegic Association , said when the announcement was made : “Steven Fletcher’s journey is an inspiration to all of us since sustaining a high level spinal cord injury only a few years ago . And now as a member of the Federal Cabinet , he deals with matters well beyond the scope of disability issues , and that deserves our recognition with this national/international award.”",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Minister of State ( Transport ) . Fletcher was re-elected in the 2011 federal election , winning 58 percent of votes . As Minister of State for Transport , Fletchers new responsibilities fall within the larger portfolio of the Honourable Denis Lebel , Minister of Transport , Infrastructure and Communities . In addition to continuing to serve on Treasury Board , Minister Fletcher also served on the Cabinet Committee on Economic Prosperity and Sustainable Growth . “When it comes to Canada’s transportation systems , our Government is committed to protecting the safety and security of Canadians,” said Fletcher .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "As Minister of State , Fletcher was responsible for the Crown Corporations the fall within the Transport portfolio . These include but are not limited to ; Canada Post , VIA Rail , Canadian Air Transport Security Authority ( CATSA ) , Ridley Coal Terminals , and half a dozen federally owned bridges . Fletcher also conducted National Round Tables on Infrastructure in the year 2012 to help develop a National Infrastructure Program . In budget 2013 a $70 billion investment over 10 years into infrastructure was announced by the Minister of Finance Jim Flaherty .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "On January 16 , 2012 , Fletcher announced that he was temporarily stepping down from his position as Minister of State for Transport for an unspecified medical procedure . Fletcher underwent a 12-hour surgery on January 19 , 2012 . The doctors removed an old titanium rod and replaced it with a much longer rod , this time secured to the back of his neck , not the front . It stretches from the middle of Fletchers head to the middle of his back . If our civilization lasts 1,000 years , my neck will last 1,000 years . It",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "feels better than I can remember , Fletcher said .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " On March 26 , 2012 , Fletcher returned to office and resumed full activities as Minister of State ( Transport ) and Member of Parliament for Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "On July 15 , 2013 , Fletcher was moved from Cabinet by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in order to make way for more women in a wide-ranging cabinet shuffle that saw several members of the Cabinet replaced . Fletcher stated on Twitter I am Conservative . I am a traditionalist . I wish I had left Cabinet in the traditional way—with a sex scandal . Prime Minister Harper kept Fletcher on Treasury Board after the Cabinet shuffle . Fletcher was the longest serving member on the board .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " In March 2014 , Fletcher introduced a private members bill to make physician-assisted death legal under Canadian laws . When the Supreme Court struck down the law prohibiting assisted suicide in February 2015 , Fletcher spoke out in support of the courts ruling . The Supreme Court quoted part of Fletchers private members bill verbatim in its decision .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": "During the 2015 election campaign , Fletcher released a memoir , Master of My Own Fate , co-written with Linda McIntosh . The book chronicles the seven years after the end of McIntoshs first biography What Do You Do If You Dont Die ? The book describes events leading up to Fletcher introducing his two private members bills on physician-assisted death . It also provides anecdotes on people and events on Parliament Hill including the October 2014 shooting at Parliament Hill and well known Conservatives who are now deceased including former finance minister Jim Flaherty and former senator Doug Finley",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": ". The views of other former and current parliamentarians on this issue include Senators Nancy Ruth and Larry Campbell , MP Peter Kent , former MP Svend Robinson and Green Party leader Elizabeth May .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Fletcher was defeated in the 2015 federal election , contesting the renamed Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley , by Liberal Doug Eyolfson as the Conservatives lost all six of their seats in Winnipeg .",
"title": "Government MP"
},
{
"text": " Six months after his defeat , Fletcher moved to provincial politics when he was elected for as the Progressive Conservative MLA for Assiniboia , which covers much of his former federal riding .",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher was later removed from the PC caucus after publicly breaking with the party on multiple issues , specifically the creation of a new Crown Corporation and the Manitoba governments attempt to introduce a carbon tax . On August 14 , 2018 , Fletcher became leader of the Manitoba Party . He resigned as leader on April 22 , 2019 . He did not run in the 2019 provincial election .",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": "On May 22 , 2019 , Fletcher announced he would run again for his former seat in Charleswood—St . James—Assiniboia—Headingley as the candidate of the Peoples Party of Canada ( PPC ) , led by another former Conservative minister , Maxime Bernier . Fletcher claimed that he and Bernier are ideological soulmates . He came in fifth out of seven candidates in the election on October 21 , with Conservative candidate Marty Morantz , a lawyer and former Winnipeg City Council member , winning the seat from Liberal MP Doug Eyolfson . During the campaign , Fletcher saw some controversy",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": "for reusing signs from his prior federal and provincial Tory campaigns for his PPC campaign , though he argued that Elections Canada did not forbid this practice .",
"title": "Provincial MLA"
},
{
"text": " All electoral information is taken from Elections Canada . Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals , and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available .",
"title": "Federal elections"
},
{
"text": " - Steven Fletcher official site - The Steven Fletcher Story",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Marcia_Bunge#P69#0
|
Where was Marcia Bunge educated between Apr 1975 and Dec 1975?
|
Marcia Bunge Marcia J . Bunge is Professor of Religion and the Bernhardson Distinguished Chair of Lutheran Studies at Gustavus Adolphus College in St . Peter , Minnesota . A graduate of St . Olaf College ( majoring in English and Music ) and a member of Phi Beta Kappa , Dr . Bunge earned her M.A . and Ph.D . from the University of Chicago , specializing in hermeneutics and historical theology . Before accepting the Bernhardson Chair , she taught at Luther Seminary ( 1985-1990 ) , Luther College ( 1990-1995 ) , Gustavus Adolphus College ( 1995-1997 ) , and Christ College , the Honors College of Valparaiso University ( 1997-2012 ) . She has also pursued research and been a visiting professor at several academic institutions in Germany . Over the past few years , Bunge has spoken and published widely on various religious perspectives on children and obligations to them , editing or co-editing and contributing to five foundational volumes on childhood : Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking ; Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives ; Children and Childhood in World Religions : Primary Sources and Texts ; The Child in the Bible ; and The Child in Christian Thought ( Eerdmans , 2001 ) . Bunges work on religious understandings of children and childhood has been supported by various grants totaling nearly $700,000 . As a professor and mother of two children , she is both personally and professionally committed to promoting childrens well-being through her scholarship , teaching , and advocacy . She regularly speaks about her work in the United States and abroad and has participated in child-focused conferences and consultations on six continents . Dr . Bunge has served on a number of national and international committees and boards , including the board of the International Herder Society ; the board of the Child Theology Movement ; the steering committees of the Childhood Studies program units of both the American Academy of Religion and the Society of Biblical Literature ; and the editorial board of Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal . She was a Kempe-Haruv Fellow for an international initiative on child protection and a Theological Contributor to the Joint Statement of the World Council of Churches and UNICEF on Child Protection ( 2016 ) . She has served as an Extraordinary Professor at North-West University in South Africa ( 2014-2020 ) and as a core collaborator and consultant for an international and interdisciplinary project on “New Perspectives on Childhood in Early Europe” funded by a 1.3 million dollar grant from the Norwegian Research Council , directed by Professor Reidar Aasgaard , and hosted by the University of Oslo , Norway ( 2013-2017 ) . In addition to being a scholar and a teacher , Dr . Bunge is a deeply committed Lutheran theologian who is highly informed and enthusiastic about the aims of church-related higher education . She was a founding member of the Rhodes Consultation on the Future of the Church-Related College , an ecumenical and national initiative funded by the Lilly Endowment . She directed the planning grant for Valparaiso Universitys two million dollar “Theological Exploration of Vocation” project , served on the National Task Force on Education of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , and was lead grant writer for the “Gustavus Academy for Faith , Science , and Ethics.” She is also the translator and editor of a collection of essays by the Lutheran theologian J.G . Herder titled Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion ( Fortress Press , 1993 ; reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 ) . She continues to speak and write about Lutheran understandings of education , vocation , and interfaith relationships , and she edited a collection of essays on the Lutheran heritage of Gustavus titled Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College ( Lutheran University Press , 2017 ) . Education . - Ph.D . The University of Chicago , 1986 ( Religion and Literature ) ; Doctoral Thesis : The Restless Reader : Johann Gottfried Herders Interpretation of the New Testament Brian Gerrish , Michael Murrin ( Advisers ) ; David Tracy ( Reader ) - M.A . The University of Chicago , 1979 ( Divinity ) - B.A . St . Olaf College , 1976 ( English , Music ) - Studies Abroad : - Herzog August Bibliothek , Wolfenbüttel , West Germany , 1984 ( Graduate Research ) - University of Tübingen , West Germany , 1979-81 ( Graduate Studies in Philosophy and Theology ) - Cambridge University , England , 1975 ( Undergraduate Studies in Romantic Poetry and Music ) Published Works . Published Books 1 . Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking . Co-edited by Marcia J . Bunge , Reidar Aasgaard , and Merethe Roos . New York , NY : Routledge , 2018 . 2 . Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Lutheran University Press , 2017 . Marcia J . Bunge , Ph.D . Page 4 of 12 3 . Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press , 2012 . 4 . Children and Childhood in World Religions : Primary Sources and Texts . Edited and introduced by Don Browning and Marcia J . Bunge . New Brunswick , NJ : Rutgers University Press : 2009 . Paperback , 2011 . 5 . The Child in the Bible . General Editor : Marcia J . Bunge . Co-editors : Terence Fretheim and Beverly Roberts Gaventa . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2008 . 6 . The Child in Christian Thought . Edited and introduced by Marcia Bunge . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2001 . 7 . Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion by J . G . Herder . Edited , translated , and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Fortress Press , 1993 . Reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 . Translations of Published Books and Articles 1 . German translation of article on children and the image of God : “Kinder , das Bild Gottes und die Christologie . Theologische Anthropologie in Solidarität mit Kindern,” Evangelische Theologie 71 ( 2011 ) , 165-178 . 2 . Spanish translation of selected chapters of The Child in Christian Thought : Los niños : en el pensamiento evangélico . Buenos Aires , Argentina : Ediciones Kairos , 2008 . 3 . Spanish translation of article : “Una más vívida teología de la niñez.” Online : www.EstudiosEvangélicos.org .
|
[
"St . Olaf College",
"Cambridge University"
] |
[
{
"text": "Marcia J . Bunge is Professor of Religion and the Bernhardson Distinguished Chair of Lutheran Studies at Gustavus Adolphus College in St . Peter , Minnesota . A graduate of St . Olaf College ( majoring in English and Music ) and a member of Phi Beta Kappa , Dr . Bunge earned her M.A . and Ph.D . from the University of Chicago , specializing in hermeneutics and historical theology . Before accepting the Bernhardson Chair , she taught at Luther Seminary ( 1985-1990 ) , Luther College ( 1990-1995 ) , Gustavus Adolphus College ( 1995-1997 ) ,",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "and Christ College , the Honors College of Valparaiso University ( 1997-2012 ) . She has also pursued research and been a visiting professor at several academic institutions in Germany . Over the past few years , Bunge has spoken and published widely on various religious perspectives on children and obligations to them , editing or co-editing and contributing to five foundational volumes on childhood : Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking ; Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives ; Children and Childhood in World Religions :",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "Primary Sources and Texts ; The Child in the Bible ; and The Child in Christian Thought ( Eerdmans , 2001 ) .",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "Bunges work on religious understandings of children and childhood has been supported by various grants totaling nearly $700,000 . As a professor and mother of two children , she is both personally and professionally committed to promoting childrens well-being through her scholarship , teaching , and advocacy . She regularly speaks about her work in the United States and abroad and has participated in child-focused conferences and consultations on six continents . Dr . Bunge has served on a number of national and international committees and boards , including the board of the International Herder Society ; the board of",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "the Child Theology Movement ; the steering committees of the Childhood Studies program units of both the American Academy of Religion and the Society of Biblical Literature ; and the editorial board of Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal . She was a Kempe-Haruv Fellow for an international initiative on child protection and a Theological Contributor to the Joint Statement of the World Council of Churches and UNICEF on Child Protection ( 2016 ) . She has served as an Extraordinary Professor at North-West University in South Africa ( 2014-2020 ) and as a core collaborator and consultant",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "for an international and interdisciplinary project on “New Perspectives on Childhood in Early Europe” funded by a 1.3 million dollar grant from the Norwegian Research Council , directed by Professor Reidar Aasgaard , and hosted by the University of Oslo , Norway ( 2013-2017 ) .",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "In addition to being a scholar and a teacher , Dr . Bunge is a deeply committed Lutheran theologian who is highly informed and enthusiastic about the aims of church-related higher education . She was a founding member of the Rhodes Consultation on the Future of the Church-Related College , an ecumenical and national initiative funded by the Lilly Endowment . She directed the planning grant for Valparaiso Universitys two million dollar “Theological Exploration of Vocation” project , served on the National Task Force on Education of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , and was lead grant writer for",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "the “Gustavus Academy for Faith , Science , and Ethics.” She is also the translator and editor of a collection of essays by the Lutheran theologian J.G . Herder titled Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion ( Fortress Press , 1993 ; reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 ) . She continues to speak and write about Lutheran understandings of education , vocation , and interfaith relationships , and she edited a collection of essays on the Lutheran heritage of Gustavus titled Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College ( Lutheran University Press , 2017 ) .",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": " - Ph.D . The University of Chicago , 1986 ( Religion and Literature ) ; Doctoral Thesis : The Restless Reader : Johann Gottfried Herders Interpretation of the New Testament Brian Gerrish , Michael Murrin ( Advisers ) ; David Tracy ( Reader ) - M.A . The University of Chicago , 1979 ( Divinity ) - B.A . St . Olaf College , 1976 ( English , Music ) - Studies Abroad : - Herzog August Bibliothek , Wolfenbüttel , West Germany , 1984 ( Graduate Research )",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "- University of Tübingen , West Germany , 1979-81 ( Graduate Studies in Philosophy and Theology )",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " - Cambridge University , England , 1975 ( Undergraduate Studies in Romantic Poetry and Music )",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " 1 . Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking . Co-edited by Marcia J . Bunge , Reidar Aasgaard , and Merethe Roos . New York , NY : Routledge , 2018 . 2 . Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Lutheran University Press , 2017 . Marcia J . Bunge , Ph.D . Page 4 of 12",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": "3 . Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press , 2012 .",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": " 4 . Children and Childhood in World Religions : Primary Sources and Texts . Edited and introduced by Don Browning and Marcia J . Bunge . New Brunswick , NJ : Rutgers University Press : 2009 . Paperback , 2011 . 5 . The Child in the Bible . General Editor : Marcia J . Bunge . Co-editors : Terence Fretheim and Beverly Roberts Gaventa . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2008 . 6 . The Child in Christian Thought . Edited and introduced by Marcia Bunge . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2001 .",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": "7 . Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion by J . G . Herder . Edited , translated , and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Fortress Press , 1993 . Reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 .",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": " Translations of Published Books and Articles 1 . German translation of article on children and the image of God : “Kinder , das Bild Gottes und die Christologie . Theologische Anthropologie in Solidarität mit Kindern,” Evangelische Theologie 71 ( 2011 ) , 165-178 . 2 . Spanish translation of selected chapters of The Child in Christian Thought : Los niños : en el pensamiento evangélico . Buenos Aires , Argentina : Ediciones Kairos , 2008 . 3 . Spanish translation of article : “Una más vívida teología de la niñez.” Online : www.EstudiosEvangélicos.org .",
"title": "Published Books"
}
] |
/wiki/Marcia_Bunge#P69#1
|
Where was Marcia Bunge educated between Nov 1977 and Mar 1978?
|
Marcia Bunge Marcia J . Bunge is Professor of Religion and the Bernhardson Distinguished Chair of Lutheran Studies at Gustavus Adolphus College in St . Peter , Minnesota . A graduate of St . Olaf College ( majoring in English and Music ) and a member of Phi Beta Kappa , Dr . Bunge earned her M.A . and Ph.D . from the University of Chicago , specializing in hermeneutics and historical theology . Before accepting the Bernhardson Chair , she taught at Luther Seminary ( 1985-1990 ) , Luther College ( 1990-1995 ) , Gustavus Adolphus College ( 1995-1997 ) , and Christ College , the Honors College of Valparaiso University ( 1997-2012 ) . She has also pursued research and been a visiting professor at several academic institutions in Germany . Over the past few years , Bunge has spoken and published widely on various religious perspectives on children and obligations to them , editing or co-editing and contributing to five foundational volumes on childhood : Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking ; Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives ; Children and Childhood in World Religions : Primary Sources and Texts ; The Child in the Bible ; and The Child in Christian Thought ( Eerdmans , 2001 ) . Bunges work on religious understandings of children and childhood has been supported by various grants totaling nearly $700,000 . As a professor and mother of two children , she is both personally and professionally committed to promoting childrens well-being through her scholarship , teaching , and advocacy . She regularly speaks about her work in the United States and abroad and has participated in child-focused conferences and consultations on six continents . Dr . Bunge has served on a number of national and international committees and boards , including the board of the International Herder Society ; the board of the Child Theology Movement ; the steering committees of the Childhood Studies program units of both the American Academy of Religion and the Society of Biblical Literature ; and the editorial board of Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal . She was a Kempe-Haruv Fellow for an international initiative on child protection and a Theological Contributor to the Joint Statement of the World Council of Churches and UNICEF on Child Protection ( 2016 ) . She has served as an Extraordinary Professor at North-West University in South Africa ( 2014-2020 ) and as a core collaborator and consultant for an international and interdisciplinary project on “New Perspectives on Childhood in Early Europe” funded by a 1.3 million dollar grant from the Norwegian Research Council , directed by Professor Reidar Aasgaard , and hosted by the University of Oslo , Norway ( 2013-2017 ) . In addition to being a scholar and a teacher , Dr . Bunge is a deeply committed Lutheran theologian who is highly informed and enthusiastic about the aims of church-related higher education . She was a founding member of the Rhodes Consultation on the Future of the Church-Related College , an ecumenical and national initiative funded by the Lilly Endowment . She directed the planning grant for Valparaiso Universitys two million dollar “Theological Exploration of Vocation” project , served on the National Task Force on Education of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , and was lead grant writer for the “Gustavus Academy for Faith , Science , and Ethics.” She is also the translator and editor of a collection of essays by the Lutheran theologian J.G . Herder titled Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion ( Fortress Press , 1993 ; reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 ) . She continues to speak and write about Lutheran understandings of education , vocation , and interfaith relationships , and she edited a collection of essays on the Lutheran heritage of Gustavus titled Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College ( Lutheran University Press , 2017 ) . Education . - Ph.D . The University of Chicago , 1986 ( Religion and Literature ) ; Doctoral Thesis : The Restless Reader : Johann Gottfried Herders Interpretation of the New Testament Brian Gerrish , Michael Murrin ( Advisers ) ; David Tracy ( Reader ) - M.A . The University of Chicago , 1979 ( Divinity ) - B.A . St . Olaf College , 1976 ( English , Music ) - Studies Abroad : - Herzog August Bibliothek , Wolfenbüttel , West Germany , 1984 ( Graduate Research ) - University of Tübingen , West Germany , 1979-81 ( Graduate Studies in Philosophy and Theology ) - Cambridge University , England , 1975 ( Undergraduate Studies in Romantic Poetry and Music ) Published Works . Published Books 1 . Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking . Co-edited by Marcia J . Bunge , Reidar Aasgaard , and Merethe Roos . New York , NY : Routledge , 2018 . 2 . Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Lutheran University Press , 2017 . Marcia J . Bunge , Ph.D . Page 4 of 12 3 . Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press , 2012 . 4 . Children and Childhood in World Religions : Primary Sources and Texts . Edited and introduced by Don Browning and Marcia J . Bunge . New Brunswick , NJ : Rutgers University Press : 2009 . Paperback , 2011 . 5 . The Child in the Bible . General Editor : Marcia J . Bunge . Co-editors : Terence Fretheim and Beverly Roberts Gaventa . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2008 . 6 . The Child in Christian Thought . Edited and introduced by Marcia Bunge . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2001 . 7 . Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion by J . G . Herder . Edited , translated , and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Fortress Press , 1993 . Reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 . Translations of Published Books and Articles 1 . German translation of article on children and the image of God : “Kinder , das Bild Gottes und die Christologie . Theologische Anthropologie in Solidarität mit Kindern,” Evangelische Theologie 71 ( 2011 ) , 165-178 . 2 . Spanish translation of selected chapters of The Child in Christian Thought : Los niños : en el pensamiento evangélico . Buenos Aires , Argentina : Ediciones Kairos , 2008 . 3 . Spanish translation of article : “Una más vívida teología de la niñez.” Online : www.EstudiosEvangélicos.org .
|
[
"University of Chicago"
] |
[
{
"text": "Marcia J . Bunge is Professor of Religion and the Bernhardson Distinguished Chair of Lutheran Studies at Gustavus Adolphus College in St . Peter , Minnesota . A graduate of St . Olaf College ( majoring in English and Music ) and a member of Phi Beta Kappa , Dr . Bunge earned her M.A . and Ph.D . from the University of Chicago , specializing in hermeneutics and historical theology . Before accepting the Bernhardson Chair , she taught at Luther Seminary ( 1985-1990 ) , Luther College ( 1990-1995 ) , Gustavus Adolphus College ( 1995-1997 ) ,",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "and Christ College , the Honors College of Valparaiso University ( 1997-2012 ) . She has also pursued research and been a visiting professor at several academic institutions in Germany . Over the past few years , Bunge has spoken and published widely on various religious perspectives on children and obligations to them , editing or co-editing and contributing to five foundational volumes on childhood : Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking ; Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives ; Children and Childhood in World Religions :",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "Primary Sources and Texts ; The Child in the Bible ; and The Child in Christian Thought ( Eerdmans , 2001 ) .",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "Bunges work on religious understandings of children and childhood has been supported by various grants totaling nearly $700,000 . As a professor and mother of two children , she is both personally and professionally committed to promoting childrens well-being through her scholarship , teaching , and advocacy . She regularly speaks about her work in the United States and abroad and has participated in child-focused conferences and consultations on six continents . Dr . Bunge has served on a number of national and international committees and boards , including the board of the International Herder Society ; the board of",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "the Child Theology Movement ; the steering committees of the Childhood Studies program units of both the American Academy of Religion and the Society of Biblical Literature ; and the editorial board of Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal . She was a Kempe-Haruv Fellow for an international initiative on child protection and a Theological Contributor to the Joint Statement of the World Council of Churches and UNICEF on Child Protection ( 2016 ) . She has served as an Extraordinary Professor at North-West University in South Africa ( 2014-2020 ) and as a core collaborator and consultant",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "for an international and interdisciplinary project on “New Perspectives on Childhood in Early Europe” funded by a 1.3 million dollar grant from the Norwegian Research Council , directed by Professor Reidar Aasgaard , and hosted by the University of Oslo , Norway ( 2013-2017 ) .",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "In addition to being a scholar and a teacher , Dr . Bunge is a deeply committed Lutheran theologian who is highly informed and enthusiastic about the aims of church-related higher education . She was a founding member of the Rhodes Consultation on the Future of the Church-Related College , an ecumenical and national initiative funded by the Lilly Endowment . She directed the planning grant for Valparaiso Universitys two million dollar “Theological Exploration of Vocation” project , served on the National Task Force on Education of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , and was lead grant writer for",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "the “Gustavus Academy for Faith , Science , and Ethics.” She is also the translator and editor of a collection of essays by the Lutheran theologian J.G . Herder titled Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion ( Fortress Press , 1993 ; reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 ) . She continues to speak and write about Lutheran understandings of education , vocation , and interfaith relationships , and she edited a collection of essays on the Lutheran heritage of Gustavus titled Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College ( Lutheran University Press , 2017 ) .",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": " - Ph.D . The University of Chicago , 1986 ( Religion and Literature ) ; Doctoral Thesis : The Restless Reader : Johann Gottfried Herders Interpretation of the New Testament Brian Gerrish , Michael Murrin ( Advisers ) ; David Tracy ( Reader ) - M.A . The University of Chicago , 1979 ( Divinity ) - B.A . St . Olaf College , 1976 ( English , Music ) - Studies Abroad : - Herzog August Bibliothek , Wolfenbüttel , West Germany , 1984 ( Graduate Research )",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "- University of Tübingen , West Germany , 1979-81 ( Graduate Studies in Philosophy and Theology )",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " - Cambridge University , England , 1975 ( Undergraduate Studies in Romantic Poetry and Music )",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " 1 . Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking . Co-edited by Marcia J . Bunge , Reidar Aasgaard , and Merethe Roos . New York , NY : Routledge , 2018 . 2 . Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Lutheran University Press , 2017 . Marcia J . Bunge , Ph.D . Page 4 of 12",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": "3 . Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press , 2012 .",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": " 4 . Children and Childhood in World Religions : Primary Sources and Texts . Edited and introduced by Don Browning and Marcia J . Bunge . New Brunswick , NJ : Rutgers University Press : 2009 . Paperback , 2011 . 5 . The Child in the Bible . General Editor : Marcia J . Bunge . Co-editors : Terence Fretheim and Beverly Roberts Gaventa . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2008 . 6 . The Child in Christian Thought . Edited and introduced by Marcia Bunge . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2001 .",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": "7 . Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion by J . G . Herder . Edited , translated , and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Fortress Press , 1993 . Reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 .",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": " Translations of Published Books and Articles 1 . German translation of article on children and the image of God : “Kinder , das Bild Gottes und die Christologie . Theologische Anthropologie in Solidarität mit Kindern,” Evangelische Theologie 71 ( 2011 ) , 165-178 . 2 . Spanish translation of selected chapters of The Child in Christian Thought : Los niños : en el pensamiento evangélico . Buenos Aires , Argentina : Ediciones Kairos , 2008 . 3 . Spanish translation of article : “Una más vívida teología de la niñez.” Online : www.EstudiosEvangélicos.org .",
"title": "Published Books"
}
] |
/wiki/Marcia_Bunge#P69#2
|
Where was Marcia Bunge educated between Jan 1980 and Feb 1980?
|
Marcia Bunge Marcia J . Bunge is Professor of Religion and the Bernhardson Distinguished Chair of Lutheran Studies at Gustavus Adolphus College in St . Peter , Minnesota . A graduate of St . Olaf College ( majoring in English and Music ) and a member of Phi Beta Kappa , Dr . Bunge earned her M.A . and Ph.D . from the University of Chicago , specializing in hermeneutics and historical theology . Before accepting the Bernhardson Chair , she taught at Luther Seminary ( 1985-1990 ) , Luther College ( 1990-1995 ) , Gustavus Adolphus College ( 1995-1997 ) , and Christ College , the Honors College of Valparaiso University ( 1997-2012 ) . She has also pursued research and been a visiting professor at several academic institutions in Germany . Over the past few years , Bunge has spoken and published widely on various religious perspectives on children and obligations to them , editing or co-editing and contributing to five foundational volumes on childhood : Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking ; Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives ; Children and Childhood in World Religions : Primary Sources and Texts ; The Child in the Bible ; and The Child in Christian Thought ( Eerdmans , 2001 ) . Bunges work on religious understandings of children and childhood has been supported by various grants totaling nearly $700,000 . As a professor and mother of two children , she is both personally and professionally committed to promoting childrens well-being through her scholarship , teaching , and advocacy . She regularly speaks about her work in the United States and abroad and has participated in child-focused conferences and consultations on six continents . Dr . Bunge has served on a number of national and international committees and boards , including the board of the International Herder Society ; the board of the Child Theology Movement ; the steering committees of the Childhood Studies program units of both the American Academy of Religion and the Society of Biblical Literature ; and the editorial board of Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal . She was a Kempe-Haruv Fellow for an international initiative on child protection and a Theological Contributor to the Joint Statement of the World Council of Churches and UNICEF on Child Protection ( 2016 ) . She has served as an Extraordinary Professor at North-West University in South Africa ( 2014-2020 ) and as a core collaborator and consultant for an international and interdisciplinary project on “New Perspectives on Childhood in Early Europe” funded by a 1.3 million dollar grant from the Norwegian Research Council , directed by Professor Reidar Aasgaard , and hosted by the University of Oslo , Norway ( 2013-2017 ) . In addition to being a scholar and a teacher , Dr . Bunge is a deeply committed Lutheran theologian who is highly informed and enthusiastic about the aims of church-related higher education . She was a founding member of the Rhodes Consultation on the Future of the Church-Related College , an ecumenical and national initiative funded by the Lilly Endowment . She directed the planning grant for Valparaiso Universitys two million dollar “Theological Exploration of Vocation” project , served on the National Task Force on Education of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , and was lead grant writer for the “Gustavus Academy for Faith , Science , and Ethics.” She is also the translator and editor of a collection of essays by the Lutheran theologian J.G . Herder titled Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion ( Fortress Press , 1993 ; reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 ) . She continues to speak and write about Lutheran understandings of education , vocation , and interfaith relationships , and she edited a collection of essays on the Lutheran heritage of Gustavus titled Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College ( Lutheran University Press , 2017 ) . Education . - Ph.D . The University of Chicago , 1986 ( Religion and Literature ) ; Doctoral Thesis : The Restless Reader : Johann Gottfried Herders Interpretation of the New Testament Brian Gerrish , Michael Murrin ( Advisers ) ; David Tracy ( Reader ) - M.A . The University of Chicago , 1979 ( Divinity ) - B.A . St . Olaf College , 1976 ( English , Music ) - Studies Abroad : - Herzog August Bibliothek , Wolfenbüttel , West Germany , 1984 ( Graduate Research ) - University of Tübingen , West Germany , 1979-81 ( Graduate Studies in Philosophy and Theology ) - Cambridge University , England , 1975 ( Undergraduate Studies in Romantic Poetry and Music ) Published Works . Published Books 1 . Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking . Co-edited by Marcia J . Bunge , Reidar Aasgaard , and Merethe Roos . New York , NY : Routledge , 2018 . 2 . Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Lutheran University Press , 2017 . Marcia J . Bunge , Ph.D . Page 4 of 12 3 . Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press , 2012 . 4 . Children and Childhood in World Religions : Primary Sources and Texts . Edited and introduced by Don Browning and Marcia J . Bunge . New Brunswick , NJ : Rutgers University Press : 2009 . Paperback , 2011 . 5 . The Child in the Bible . General Editor : Marcia J . Bunge . Co-editors : Terence Fretheim and Beverly Roberts Gaventa . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2008 . 6 . The Child in Christian Thought . Edited and introduced by Marcia Bunge . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2001 . 7 . Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion by J . G . Herder . Edited , translated , and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Fortress Press , 1993 . Reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 . Translations of Published Books and Articles 1 . German translation of article on children and the image of God : “Kinder , das Bild Gottes und die Christologie . Theologische Anthropologie in Solidarität mit Kindern,” Evangelische Theologie 71 ( 2011 ) , 165-178 . 2 . Spanish translation of selected chapters of The Child in Christian Thought : Los niños : en el pensamiento evangélico . Buenos Aires , Argentina : Ediciones Kairos , 2008 . 3 . Spanish translation of article : “Una más vívida teología de la niñez.” Online : www.EstudiosEvangélicos.org .
|
[
"University of Tübingen , West Germany"
] |
[
{
"text": "Marcia J . Bunge is Professor of Religion and the Bernhardson Distinguished Chair of Lutheran Studies at Gustavus Adolphus College in St . Peter , Minnesota . A graduate of St . Olaf College ( majoring in English and Music ) and a member of Phi Beta Kappa , Dr . Bunge earned her M.A . and Ph.D . from the University of Chicago , specializing in hermeneutics and historical theology . Before accepting the Bernhardson Chair , she taught at Luther Seminary ( 1985-1990 ) , Luther College ( 1990-1995 ) , Gustavus Adolphus College ( 1995-1997 ) ,",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "and Christ College , the Honors College of Valparaiso University ( 1997-2012 ) . She has also pursued research and been a visiting professor at several academic institutions in Germany . Over the past few years , Bunge has spoken and published widely on various religious perspectives on children and obligations to them , editing or co-editing and contributing to five foundational volumes on childhood : Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking ; Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives ; Children and Childhood in World Religions :",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "Primary Sources and Texts ; The Child in the Bible ; and The Child in Christian Thought ( Eerdmans , 2001 ) .",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "Bunges work on religious understandings of children and childhood has been supported by various grants totaling nearly $700,000 . As a professor and mother of two children , she is both personally and professionally committed to promoting childrens well-being through her scholarship , teaching , and advocacy . She regularly speaks about her work in the United States and abroad and has participated in child-focused conferences and consultations on six continents . Dr . Bunge has served on a number of national and international committees and boards , including the board of the International Herder Society ; the board of",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "the Child Theology Movement ; the steering committees of the Childhood Studies program units of both the American Academy of Religion and the Society of Biblical Literature ; and the editorial board of Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal . She was a Kempe-Haruv Fellow for an international initiative on child protection and a Theological Contributor to the Joint Statement of the World Council of Churches and UNICEF on Child Protection ( 2016 ) . She has served as an Extraordinary Professor at North-West University in South Africa ( 2014-2020 ) and as a core collaborator and consultant",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "for an international and interdisciplinary project on “New Perspectives on Childhood in Early Europe” funded by a 1.3 million dollar grant from the Norwegian Research Council , directed by Professor Reidar Aasgaard , and hosted by the University of Oslo , Norway ( 2013-2017 ) .",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "In addition to being a scholar and a teacher , Dr . Bunge is a deeply committed Lutheran theologian who is highly informed and enthusiastic about the aims of church-related higher education . She was a founding member of the Rhodes Consultation on the Future of the Church-Related College , an ecumenical and national initiative funded by the Lilly Endowment . She directed the planning grant for Valparaiso Universitys two million dollar “Theological Exploration of Vocation” project , served on the National Task Force on Education of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , and was lead grant writer for",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "the “Gustavus Academy for Faith , Science , and Ethics.” She is also the translator and editor of a collection of essays by the Lutheran theologian J.G . Herder titled Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion ( Fortress Press , 1993 ; reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 ) . She continues to speak and write about Lutheran understandings of education , vocation , and interfaith relationships , and she edited a collection of essays on the Lutheran heritage of Gustavus titled Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College ( Lutheran University Press , 2017 ) .",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": " - Ph.D . The University of Chicago , 1986 ( Religion and Literature ) ; Doctoral Thesis : The Restless Reader : Johann Gottfried Herders Interpretation of the New Testament Brian Gerrish , Michael Murrin ( Advisers ) ; David Tracy ( Reader ) - M.A . The University of Chicago , 1979 ( Divinity ) - B.A . St . Olaf College , 1976 ( English , Music ) - Studies Abroad : - Herzog August Bibliothek , Wolfenbüttel , West Germany , 1984 ( Graduate Research )",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "- University of Tübingen , West Germany , 1979-81 ( Graduate Studies in Philosophy and Theology )",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " - Cambridge University , England , 1975 ( Undergraduate Studies in Romantic Poetry and Music )",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " 1 . Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking . Co-edited by Marcia J . Bunge , Reidar Aasgaard , and Merethe Roos . New York , NY : Routledge , 2018 . 2 . Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Lutheran University Press , 2017 . Marcia J . Bunge , Ph.D . Page 4 of 12",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": "3 . Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press , 2012 .",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": " 4 . Children and Childhood in World Religions : Primary Sources and Texts . Edited and introduced by Don Browning and Marcia J . Bunge . New Brunswick , NJ : Rutgers University Press : 2009 . Paperback , 2011 . 5 . The Child in the Bible . General Editor : Marcia J . Bunge . Co-editors : Terence Fretheim and Beverly Roberts Gaventa . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2008 . 6 . The Child in Christian Thought . Edited and introduced by Marcia Bunge . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2001 .",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": "7 . Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion by J . G . Herder . Edited , translated , and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Fortress Press , 1993 . Reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 .",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": " Translations of Published Books and Articles 1 . German translation of article on children and the image of God : “Kinder , das Bild Gottes und die Christologie . Theologische Anthropologie in Solidarität mit Kindern,” Evangelische Theologie 71 ( 2011 ) , 165-178 . 2 . Spanish translation of selected chapters of The Child in Christian Thought : Los niños : en el pensamiento evangélico . Buenos Aires , Argentina : Ediciones Kairos , 2008 . 3 . Spanish translation of article : “Una más vívida teología de la niñez.” Online : www.EstudiosEvangélicos.org .",
"title": "Published Books"
}
] |
/wiki/Marcia_Bunge#P69#3
|
Where was Marcia Bunge educated after May 1983?
|
Marcia Bunge Marcia J . Bunge is Professor of Religion and the Bernhardson Distinguished Chair of Lutheran Studies at Gustavus Adolphus College in St . Peter , Minnesota . A graduate of St . Olaf College ( majoring in English and Music ) and a member of Phi Beta Kappa , Dr . Bunge earned her M.A . and Ph.D . from the University of Chicago , specializing in hermeneutics and historical theology . Before accepting the Bernhardson Chair , she taught at Luther Seminary ( 1985-1990 ) , Luther College ( 1990-1995 ) , Gustavus Adolphus College ( 1995-1997 ) , and Christ College , the Honors College of Valparaiso University ( 1997-2012 ) . She has also pursued research and been a visiting professor at several academic institutions in Germany . Over the past few years , Bunge has spoken and published widely on various religious perspectives on children and obligations to them , editing or co-editing and contributing to five foundational volumes on childhood : Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking ; Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives ; Children and Childhood in World Religions : Primary Sources and Texts ; The Child in the Bible ; and The Child in Christian Thought ( Eerdmans , 2001 ) . Bunges work on religious understandings of children and childhood has been supported by various grants totaling nearly $700,000 . As a professor and mother of two children , she is both personally and professionally committed to promoting childrens well-being through her scholarship , teaching , and advocacy . She regularly speaks about her work in the United States and abroad and has participated in child-focused conferences and consultations on six continents . Dr . Bunge has served on a number of national and international committees and boards , including the board of the International Herder Society ; the board of the Child Theology Movement ; the steering committees of the Childhood Studies program units of both the American Academy of Religion and the Society of Biblical Literature ; and the editorial board of Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal . She was a Kempe-Haruv Fellow for an international initiative on child protection and a Theological Contributor to the Joint Statement of the World Council of Churches and UNICEF on Child Protection ( 2016 ) . She has served as an Extraordinary Professor at North-West University in South Africa ( 2014-2020 ) and as a core collaborator and consultant for an international and interdisciplinary project on “New Perspectives on Childhood in Early Europe” funded by a 1.3 million dollar grant from the Norwegian Research Council , directed by Professor Reidar Aasgaard , and hosted by the University of Oslo , Norway ( 2013-2017 ) . In addition to being a scholar and a teacher , Dr . Bunge is a deeply committed Lutheran theologian who is highly informed and enthusiastic about the aims of church-related higher education . She was a founding member of the Rhodes Consultation on the Future of the Church-Related College , an ecumenical and national initiative funded by the Lilly Endowment . She directed the planning grant for Valparaiso Universitys two million dollar “Theological Exploration of Vocation” project , served on the National Task Force on Education of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , and was lead grant writer for the “Gustavus Academy for Faith , Science , and Ethics.” She is also the translator and editor of a collection of essays by the Lutheran theologian J.G . Herder titled Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion ( Fortress Press , 1993 ; reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 ) . She continues to speak and write about Lutheran understandings of education , vocation , and interfaith relationships , and she edited a collection of essays on the Lutheran heritage of Gustavus titled Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College ( Lutheran University Press , 2017 ) . Education . - Ph.D . The University of Chicago , 1986 ( Religion and Literature ) ; Doctoral Thesis : The Restless Reader : Johann Gottfried Herders Interpretation of the New Testament Brian Gerrish , Michael Murrin ( Advisers ) ; David Tracy ( Reader ) - M.A . The University of Chicago , 1979 ( Divinity ) - B.A . St . Olaf College , 1976 ( English , Music ) - Studies Abroad : - Herzog August Bibliothek , Wolfenbüttel , West Germany , 1984 ( Graduate Research ) - University of Tübingen , West Germany , 1979-81 ( Graduate Studies in Philosophy and Theology ) - Cambridge University , England , 1975 ( Undergraduate Studies in Romantic Poetry and Music ) Published Works . Published Books 1 . Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking . Co-edited by Marcia J . Bunge , Reidar Aasgaard , and Merethe Roos . New York , NY : Routledge , 2018 . 2 . Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Lutheran University Press , 2017 . Marcia J . Bunge , Ph.D . Page 4 of 12 3 . Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press , 2012 . 4 . Children and Childhood in World Religions : Primary Sources and Texts . Edited and introduced by Don Browning and Marcia J . Bunge . New Brunswick , NJ : Rutgers University Press : 2009 . Paperback , 2011 . 5 . The Child in the Bible . General Editor : Marcia J . Bunge . Co-editors : Terence Fretheim and Beverly Roberts Gaventa . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2008 . 6 . The Child in Christian Thought . Edited and introduced by Marcia Bunge . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2001 . 7 . Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion by J . G . Herder . Edited , translated , and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Fortress Press , 1993 . Reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 . Translations of Published Books and Articles 1 . German translation of article on children and the image of God : “Kinder , das Bild Gottes und die Christologie . Theologische Anthropologie in Solidarität mit Kindern,” Evangelische Theologie 71 ( 2011 ) , 165-178 . 2 . Spanish translation of selected chapters of The Child in Christian Thought : Los niños : en el pensamiento evangélico . Buenos Aires , Argentina : Ediciones Kairos , 2008 . 3 . Spanish translation of article : “Una más vívida teología de la niñez.” Online : www.EstudiosEvangélicos.org .
|
[
"University of Chicago"
] |
[
{
"text": "Marcia J . Bunge is Professor of Religion and the Bernhardson Distinguished Chair of Lutheran Studies at Gustavus Adolphus College in St . Peter , Minnesota . A graduate of St . Olaf College ( majoring in English and Music ) and a member of Phi Beta Kappa , Dr . Bunge earned her M.A . and Ph.D . from the University of Chicago , specializing in hermeneutics and historical theology . Before accepting the Bernhardson Chair , she taught at Luther Seminary ( 1985-1990 ) , Luther College ( 1990-1995 ) , Gustavus Adolphus College ( 1995-1997 ) ,",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "and Christ College , the Honors College of Valparaiso University ( 1997-2012 ) . She has also pursued research and been a visiting professor at several academic institutions in Germany . Over the past few years , Bunge has spoken and published widely on various religious perspectives on children and obligations to them , editing or co-editing and contributing to five foundational volumes on childhood : Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking ; Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives ; Children and Childhood in World Religions :",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "Primary Sources and Texts ; The Child in the Bible ; and The Child in Christian Thought ( Eerdmans , 2001 ) .",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "Bunges work on religious understandings of children and childhood has been supported by various grants totaling nearly $700,000 . As a professor and mother of two children , she is both personally and professionally committed to promoting childrens well-being through her scholarship , teaching , and advocacy . She regularly speaks about her work in the United States and abroad and has participated in child-focused conferences and consultations on six continents . Dr . Bunge has served on a number of national and international committees and boards , including the board of the International Herder Society ; the board of",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "the Child Theology Movement ; the steering committees of the Childhood Studies program units of both the American Academy of Religion and the Society of Biblical Literature ; and the editorial board of Child Abuse and Neglect : The International Journal . She was a Kempe-Haruv Fellow for an international initiative on child protection and a Theological Contributor to the Joint Statement of the World Council of Churches and UNICEF on Child Protection ( 2016 ) . She has served as an Extraordinary Professor at North-West University in South Africa ( 2014-2020 ) and as a core collaborator and consultant",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "for an international and interdisciplinary project on “New Perspectives on Childhood in Early Europe” funded by a 1.3 million dollar grant from the Norwegian Research Council , directed by Professor Reidar Aasgaard , and hosted by the University of Oslo , Norway ( 2013-2017 ) .",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "In addition to being a scholar and a teacher , Dr . Bunge is a deeply committed Lutheran theologian who is highly informed and enthusiastic about the aims of church-related higher education . She was a founding member of the Rhodes Consultation on the Future of the Church-Related College , an ecumenical and national initiative funded by the Lilly Endowment . She directed the planning grant for Valparaiso Universitys two million dollar “Theological Exploration of Vocation” project , served on the National Task Force on Education of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , and was lead grant writer for",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "the “Gustavus Academy for Faith , Science , and Ethics.” She is also the translator and editor of a collection of essays by the Lutheran theologian J.G . Herder titled Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion ( Fortress Press , 1993 ; reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 ) . She continues to speak and write about Lutheran understandings of education , vocation , and interfaith relationships , and she edited a collection of essays on the Lutheran heritage of Gustavus titled Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": "the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College ( Lutheran University Press , 2017 ) .",
"title": "Marcia Bunge"
},
{
"text": " - Ph.D . The University of Chicago , 1986 ( Religion and Literature ) ; Doctoral Thesis : The Restless Reader : Johann Gottfried Herders Interpretation of the New Testament Brian Gerrish , Michael Murrin ( Advisers ) ; David Tracy ( Reader ) - M.A . The University of Chicago , 1979 ( Divinity ) - B.A . St . Olaf College , 1976 ( English , Music ) - Studies Abroad : - Herzog August Bibliothek , Wolfenbüttel , West Germany , 1984 ( Graduate Research )",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "- University of Tübingen , West Germany , 1979-81 ( Graduate Studies in Philosophy and Theology )",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " - Cambridge University , England , 1975 ( Undergraduate Studies in Romantic Poetry and Music )",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " 1 . Nordic Childhoods 1750-1960 : From Folk Beliefs to Pippi Longstocking . Co-edited by Marcia J . Bunge , Reidar Aasgaard , and Merethe Roos . New York , NY : Routledge , 2018 . 2 . Rooted in Heritage , Open to the World : Reflections on the Distinctive Character of Gustavus Adolphus College . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Lutheran University Press , 2017 . Marcia J . Bunge , Ph.D . Page 4 of 12",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": "3 . Children , Adults , and Shared Responsibilities : Jewish , Christian , and Muslim Perspectives . Edited and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press , 2012 .",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": " 4 . Children and Childhood in World Religions : Primary Sources and Texts . Edited and introduced by Don Browning and Marcia J . Bunge . New Brunswick , NJ : Rutgers University Press : 2009 . Paperback , 2011 . 5 . The Child in the Bible . General Editor : Marcia J . Bunge . Co-editors : Terence Fretheim and Beverly Roberts Gaventa . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2008 . 6 . The Child in Christian Thought . Edited and introduced by Marcia Bunge . Grand Rapids , MI : Eerdmans , 2001 .",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": "7 . Against Pure Reason : Writings on History , Language , and Religion by J . G . Herder . Edited , translated , and introduced by Marcia J . Bunge . Minneapolis , MN : Fortress Press , 1993 . Reprint : Wipf and Stock , 2005 .",
"title": "Published Books"
},
{
"text": " Translations of Published Books and Articles 1 . German translation of article on children and the image of God : “Kinder , das Bild Gottes und die Christologie . Theologische Anthropologie in Solidarität mit Kindern,” Evangelische Theologie 71 ( 2011 ) , 165-178 . 2 . Spanish translation of selected chapters of The Child in Christian Thought : Los niños : en el pensamiento evangélico . Buenos Aires , Argentina : Ediciones Kairos , 2008 . 3 . Spanish translation of article : “Una más vívida teología de la niñez.” Online : www.EstudiosEvangélicos.org .",
"title": "Published Books"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Rudge#P54#0
|
Which team did John Rudge play for between Jan 1962 and Sep 1965?
|
John Rudge John Robert Rudge ( born 21 October 1944 ) is an English former football player and football manager who is now working as football adviser and club president at Port Vale . His playing career began at Huddersfield Town in November 1961 , but he made little impact at the club and was transferred to Carlisle United in December 1966 . In January 1969 he joined Torquay United , and twice finished as the clubs top scorer , before he moved on to Bristol Rovers in February 1972 . He helped the club to win promotion of the Third Division in 1973–74 , before departing for Bournemouth in March 1975 . His time on the coast was disrupted by injury , and he retired in 1977 . He scored a total of 78 goals in 267 league and cup appearances in a sixteen-year career in the English Football League . He managed Port Vale for a sixteen-year period between 1983 and 1999 , easily the longest spell in the clubs history . He masterminded some of the clubs most successful campaigns , leading them to promotion in 1985–86 , 1989 and 1993–94 ; he also led them to the Anglo-Italian Cup final in 1996 , and to victory in the Football League Trophy final in 1993 . However , he was sacked in January 1999 , and subsequently was appointed director of football at their rivals – Stoke City , a position he held until May 2013 . After working as a scout at Hull City , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role in October 2017 . Playing career . Huddersfield Town . Born and raised in Wolverhampton , Rudge became a lifelong fan of Wolverhampton Wanderers . However , he turned professional at Second Division club Huddersfield Town in November 1961 . He made his debut under manager Eddie Boot in the 1962–63 campaign , and was given the residence of the recently departed Denis Law . He did not feature in 1963–64 , appeared just twice in 1964–65 , and did not get a game in 1965–66 . He played two games at the start of the 1966–67 season , before manager Tom Johnston allowed him a move to Second Division rivals Carlisle United in December 1966 . Carlisle United . Rudge made an immediate impact at Brunton Park , scoring seven goals in 14 appearances , including a hat-trick in a 6–1 win over Bolton Wanderers , as Tim Wards Cumbrians finished third in 1966–67 , six points short of promotion . Over the course of the 1967–68 campaign he scored nine goals in 29 league and cup games , as Carlisle posted a tenth-place finish . He made just five goalless appearances in 1968–69 , and in January 1969 manager Bob Stokoe handed him a free transfer to Torquay United of the Third Division . Torquay United . He found the net just twice in 14 appearances before the end of the campaign for Allan Browns Gulls . He then found his form in 1969–70 , finishing as the clubs top scorer with 16 goals in 35 league and cup matches . He continued to regularly find the net in 1970–71 , hitting 21 goals in 43 appearances , as Torquay finished tenth . However , he scored just twice in 12 games in 1971–72 , as the club suffered relegation under Jack Edwards . Rudge escaped this fate as he left Plainmoor in February 1972 , signing a contract with Bill Dodgins Bristol Rovers . Bristol Rovers . After three goals in eight games towards the end of the campaign , Rudge hit 12 goals in 29 appearances in 1972–73 , as the club pushed for promotion under new manager Don Megson . The Pirates achieved their goal in 1973–74 , as they finished runners-up of the Third Division ; however Rudge played only 15 games , scoring five goals . He featured just three times in 1974–75 , and moved on to John Bensons Bournemouth in March 1975 . Bournemouth . Rudge played seven games for the Cherries , and could not prevent them from being relegated into the Fourth Division at the end of the campaign . He missed most of the 1975–76 season with a ruptured Achilles tendon , and made only 11 league appearances in 1976–77 , scoring twice . His career was ended at age 32 , owing to his Achilles tendon injury . He had scored a total of 78 goals in 267 appearances in all competitions . Coaching career . Manager of Port Vale . Following his retirement as a player , Rudge was made a coach at old club Torquay United . In January 1980 he was appointed as a coach at Port Vale , after Rudge was recommended to new manager John McGrath . Rudge was promoted to the position of assistant manager in December 1980 . Following the sacking of McGrath in December 1983 , Rudge was made caretaker manager at Port Vale . Under McGrath , the club had lost thirteen of their opening seventeen league games . The club had the third highest budget in the division , a weekly wage bill of three times that of the home gate receipts and were rooted to the foot of the table , nine points from their nearest competitors . Rudge understated things somewhat when he said : We cannot change things overnight . However , player Tommy Gore noted the players are in a more determined mood . He signed left sided midfielder Kevin Young on loan , and switched Eamonn OKeefe from midfield to the attack . He was appointed as manager on a permanent basis on 9 March . He was unable to prevent relegation that year , though the club did avoid picking up the wooden spoon . Though Mark Bright and Robbie Earle were signed to Vale before Rudges appointment , he helped to nurture their talents , both were the first of many to develop into outstanding players under Rudge . In reality , the task in 1984–85 was to arrest the decline . Rudge achieved this aim , slashing the wage bill to offset the clubs reduced income , the Vale finished 12th . Young striker Andy Jones was purchased for £3,000 from Rhyl . In 1985–86 , promotion was the target . An eighteen-game unbeaten run from January to April helped to win Vale a fourth place promotion place , seven points clear of fifth place Leyton Orient . At the end of the season , Rudge turned down an offer of the management job at Preston North End . Major signings for the start of the 1986–87 season were Mark Grew and Ray Walker ( £12,000 from Aston Villa ) , who would feature heavily for the club in the coming years , as well as Paul Smith . Smith was purchased for £10,000 from Sheffield United and was sold for four times that figure to Lincoln City just over a year later . The club finished mid-table , twelve points above the drop . The winter signing of veteran Bob Hazell helped to shore up the Vales defence . At the end of the season , Bill Bell was made the clubs chairman . Also Darren Beckford was signed from Manchester City for £15,000 . He would become the clubs top scorer for the next four seasons . In 1987–88 , Vale were once again comfortable in mid-table . The cash-flow problem was eased by the sale of Andy Jones to Charlton Athletic for £350,000 . Rudge spent £75,000 for Simon Mills from York City , who would be a firm fixture in the first team for the next five seasons . On 20 January the club achieved a famous 2–0 victory over top-flight Spurs in the FA Cup . Before the cup run there were rumours that the directors were considering sacking Rudge due to a poor run of results in the league . The cup run and the sale of Jones helped to put the club in the black financially for the first time in a long time . The 1988–89 season was highly successful , the club beating Bristol Rovers in the play-off Final . For the first time in thirty two years , Vale were in the Second Division . A new club record was set in January 1989 , as Rudge purchased classy defender Dean Glover from Middlesbrough for £200,000 . The next month he added Liverpool winger John Jeffers to the squad for £35,000 , using the money he received from selling Steve Harper to Preston North End . To boost the side for the oncoming 1989–90 season , defender Neil Aspin was purchased from Leeds United for £150,000 , Aspin would play over 300 games for Vale in the next ten years . £125,000 was splashed out on striker Nicky Cross , who would play around 150 games over the next five years . Vale fans were not used to such purchases , but compared to other teams in the division , the money spent was quite modest . Now on a par with rivals Stoke City , both league games ended as draws , though Stoke were relegated in bottom place . Delighted with his team , he made few changes in preparation for the 1990–91 campaign . Vale once again finished comfortably in mid-table . £80,000 was spent on Dutch midfielder Robin van der Laan , over the next five years he would become a key player . In June 1992 , Rudge again broke the clubs transfer record , picking up striker Martin Foyle for £375,000 from Oxford United . Foyle would be a dominant figure at the club throughout the 1990s . The money for these acquisitions came from the sale of midfield dynamo Robbie Earle to Wimbledon . In 1991–92 , the club finished in last place , five points short of the safety of Oxford United . The club were still a Second Division club due to the creation of the Premier League , though they were now in the third tier . Ian Taylor became another masterstroke signing , after he was purchased from non-league Moor Green for £15,000 in May 1992 . Rudge managed his team to Wembley twice in 1993 , winning the Football League Trophy final 2–1 over Stockport County , but losing the play-off final 3–0 to West Bromwich Albion . His team had proved however that they were too good to remain in the third tier for long . In 1993–94 the club went up in second place , also beating top-flight Southampton in the FA Cup . At the end of the season , Ian Taylor was sold to Sheffield Wednesday , becoming the clubs first million pound sale . The club consolidated their First Division status in 1994–95 , finishing ten points above the drop . The money from Taylors sale was reinvested into £225,000 Steve Guppy from Newcastle United and £15,000 striker Tony Naylor from nearby Crewe Alexandra . Both men would prove to be good buys , Naylor being a three time top scorer . At the end of the season , Van der Laan was sold to Derby County for £475,000 plus Lee Mills . £450,000 of this sum was reinvested in York City midfielder Jon McCarthy . £50,000 was also spent on midfielder Ian Bogie . In 1995–96 , his team finished 12th in the First Division . Rudge had Port Vale playing some of the best football ever witnessed at Vale Park . This was mainly due to his perseverance with playing a standard 4–4–2 – employing wingers who became the focal point of much of the attacking play . The club achieved another giant-slaying by vanquishing Everton in the FA Cup . He also led Vale to the final of the Anglo-Italian Cup , where they lost out to Genoa . In 1996–97 , the club finished in eighth place , their best ever post-war finish . Once again they were the best side in the Potteries . In February , he sold Guppy to Martin ONeills Leicester City for £850,000 . Gareth Ainsworth was purchased for £500,000 from Lincoln City at the start of the 1997–98 season . This was paid for by the sale of McCarthy to Birmingham City for £1.5 million . Vale finished a disappointing 19th , a mere point away from relegation . At the start of the 1998–99 season , Ainsworth was sold to Wimbledon for £2 million . Mills was also sold to Bradford City for £1 million . The club came even closer to relegation , finishing above 22nd place Bury on goal difference . However Rudge had already departed , Chairman Bill Bell gave him the sack on 18 January 1999 . It truly was the end of an era at Vale Park . This caused outrage amongst Port Vale fans who held a flat cap protest ( Rudges headwear of choice ) to display their disgust . One last present from Rudge to the Vale fans was the signing of Marcus Bent for £300,000 from Crystal Palace , just days before Rudges sacking . However new manager Brian Horton let Bent go for £375,000 . In November 2000 , Bent was sold by Sheffield United to Blackburn Rovers for £2 million . Another star of the late Rudge era was Anthony Gardner . Gardner was retained by Vale , and was sold to Spurs for £1 million in January 2000 . Rudge was awarded £300,000 compensation by an employment tribunal . He had been at the helm for 843 Port Vale games . Following the dismissal , Sir Alex Ferguson said : Every Port Vale supporter should get down on their knees and thank The Lord for John Rudge . Director of football at Stoke City . Rudge was appointed as director of football at Stoke City in 1999 , after turning down the same role at Port Vale . Rudge had hoped to retire on his own terms at Vale and become a director of football at the club under a with someone like Robbie Earle as manager . He was offered the management job at Stoke but turned it down . He has never held ambitions of being appointed manager at Stoke , and has been Director of Football under five men : Gary Megson , Guðjón Þórðarson , Steve Cotterill , Johan Boskamp and Tony Pulis . On 2 November 2005 , he had a public fall-out with then manager Johan Boskamp at Highfield Road . Rudge went down the dug-out during the 2–1 win over Coventry City to give some advice to Boskamp . The Dutchman took offence to this and said to the board either he goes or I go , under the belief that Rudge had overstepped the mark . Rudge maintains though , that Boskamp used the incident as a ploy , in an attempt to be paid off by Stoke as the Dutchman couldnt handle the pressure of the English game . Rudge points to the evidence that he talked Boskamp out of quitting during the pre-season . Rudge and his assistant Jan de Koning were twice suspended by Stoke , after disagreements with Boskamp . Following Boskamps departure and the arrival of new chairman Peter Coates , Rudge was reinstated in his role . When the club achieved promotion to the Premier League in 2007–08 , Rudge was at a top-flight club for the first time since entering the game 46 years ago , in 1962 . Rudge left the Britannia Stadium at the end of the 2012–13 season in a major shake-up of the clubs scouting network . He left Stoke in May 2013 , ending a 14-year spell at the club . After leaving Stoke he then spent the next four years scouting for Hull City . Return to Port Vale . On 4 October 2017 , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role to assist his former defender Neil Aspin , who had just been appointed manager . He was appointed as club president on 10 August 2019 . Managerial style . Though he got his teams to play good football he was meticulous and rather cautious . He thoroughly researched opposition players and informed his players on weaknesses to exploit and strengths to watch out for . He was reluctant to use substitutions unless a player was injured as he believed in the first eleven he had selected could get the job done over the ninety minutes . He tended not to lose his temper after a bad performance , and instead Robbie Earle said that he had the ability to make you feel guilty about playing badly . He had the knack of spotting talented players , signing them cheaply , and then selling them on to bigger clubs for a large profit . As well as being an excellent judge of talent , he also had to be a skilled negotiator . In all he made a net income for Port Vale of almost £10 million in the transfer market . Career statistics . Playing statistics . Source : Honours . as a Player . - Bristol Rovers - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1973–74 as a Manager . - Port Vale - Football League Fourth Division fourth place promotion : 1985–86 - Football League Third Division play-offs : 1989 - Football League Trophy : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 - Anglo-Italian Cup runner-up : 1996 - Awards - Football League Third Division Manager of the Month : November 1988 - EFL Awards Contribution to League football : 2021 References . - General - Kent , Jeff . What If There Had Been No Port in the Vale? : Startling Port Vale Stories ! ( Witan Books , 2011 , ) - Specific
|
[
"Huddersfield Town"
] |
[
{
"text": " John Robert Rudge ( born 21 October 1944 ) is an English former football player and football manager who is now working as football adviser and club president at Port Vale .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "His playing career began at Huddersfield Town in November 1961 , but he made little impact at the club and was transferred to Carlisle United in December 1966 . In January 1969 he joined Torquay United , and twice finished as the clubs top scorer , before he moved on to Bristol Rovers in February 1972 . He helped the club to win promotion of the Third Division in 1973–74 , before departing for Bournemouth in March 1975 . His time on the coast was disrupted by injury , and he retired in 1977 . He scored a total of",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "78 goals in 267 league and cup appearances in a sixteen-year career in the English Football League .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "He managed Port Vale for a sixteen-year period between 1983 and 1999 , easily the longest spell in the clubs history . He masterminded some of the clubs most successful campaigns , leading them to promotion in 1985–86 , 1989 and 1993–94 ; he also led them to the Anglo-Italian Cup final in 1996 , and to victory in the Football League Trophy final in 1993 . However , he was sacked in January 1999 , and subsequently was appointed director of football at their rivals – Stoke City , a position he held until May 2013 . After working",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "as a scout at Hull City , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role in October 2017 .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "Born and raised in Wolverhampton , Rudge became a lifelong fan of Wolverhampton Wanderers . However , he turned professional at Second Division club Huddersfield Town in November 1961 . He made his debut under manager Eddie Boot in the 1962–63 campaign , and was given the residence of the recently departed Denis Law . He did not feature in 1963–64 , appeared just twice in 1964–65 , and did not get a game in 1965–66 . He played two games at the start of the 1966–67 season , before manager Tom Johnston allowed him a move to Second Division",
"title": "Huddersfield Town"
},
{
"text": "rivals Carlisle United in December 1966 .",
"title": "Huddersfield Town"
},
{
"text": " Rudge made an immediate impact at Brunton Park , scoring seven goals in 14 appearances , including a hat-trick in a 6–1 win over Bolton Wanderers , as Tim Wards Cumbrians finished third in 1966–67 , six points short of promotion . Over the course of the 1967–68 campaign he scored nine goals in 29 league and cup games , as Carlisle posted a tenth-place finish . He made just five goalless appearances in 1968–69 , and in January 1969 manager Bob Stokoe handed him a free transfer to Torquay United of the Third Division .",
"title": "Carlisle United"
},
{
"text": "He found the net just twice in 14 appearances before the end of the campaign for Allan Browns Gulls . He then found his form in 1969–70 , finishing as the clubs top scorer with 16 goals in 35 league and cup matches . He continued to regularly find the net in 1970–71 , hitting 21 goals in 43 appearances , as Torquay finished tenth . However , he scored just twice in 12 games in 1971–72 , as the club suffered relegation under Jack Edwards . Rudge escaped this fate as he left Plainmoor in February 1972 , signing",
"title": "Torquay United"
},
{
"text": "a contract with Bill Dodgins Bristol Rovers .",
"title": "Torquay United"
},
{
"text": " After three goals in eight games towards the end of the campaign , Rudge hit 12 goals in 29 appearances in 1972–73 , as the club pushed for promotion under new manager Don Megson . The Pirates achieved their goal in 1973–74 , as they finished runners-up of the Third Division ; however Rudge played only 15 games , scoring five goals . He featured just three times in 1974–75 , and moved on to John Bensons Bournemouth in March 1975 .",
"title": "Bristol Rovers"
},
{
"text": " Rudge played seven games for the Cherries , and could not prevent them from being relegated into the Fourth Division at the end of the campaign . He missed most of the 1975–76 season with a ruptured Achilles tendon , and made only 11 league appearances in 1976–77 , scoring twice . His career was ended at age 32 , owing to his Achilles tendon injury . He had scored a total of 78 goals in 267 appearances in all competitions .",
"title": "Bournemouth"
},
{
"text": " Manager of Port Vale . Following his retirement as a player , Rudge was made a coach at old club Torquay United . In January 1980 he was appointed as a coach at Port Vale , after Rudge was recommended to new manager John McGrath . Rudge was promoted to the position of assistant manager in December 1980 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Following the sacking of McGrath in December 1983 , Rudge was made caretaker manager at Port Vale . Under McGrath , the club had lost thirteen of their opening seventeen league games . The club had the third highest budget in the division , a weekly wage bill of three times that of the home gate receipts and were rooted to the foot of the table , nine points from their nearest competitors . Rudge understated things somewhat when he said : We cannot change things overnight . However , player Tommy Gore noted the players are in a more",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "determined mood . He signed left sided midfielder Kevin Young on loan , and switched Eamonn OKeefe from midfield to the attack . He was appointed as manager on a permanent basis on 9 March . He was unable to prevent relegation that year , though the club did avoid picking up the wooden spoon . Though Mark Bright and Robbie Earle were signed to Vale before Rudges appointment , he helped to nurture their talents , both were the first of many to develop into outstanding players under Rudge .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In reality , the task in 1984–85 was to arrest the decline . Rudge achieved this aim , slashing the wage bill to offset the clubs reduced income , the Vale finished 12th . Young striker Andy Jones was purchased for £3,000 from Rhyl . In 1985–86 , promotion was the target . An eighteen-game unbeaten run from January to April helped to win Vale a fourth place promotion place , seven points clear of fifth place Leyton Orient . At the end of the season , Rudge turned down an offer of the management job at Preston North End",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Major signings for the start of the 1986–87 season were Mark Grew and Ray Walker ( £12,000 from Aston Villa ) , who would feature heavily for the club in the coming years , as well as Paul Smith . Smith was purchased for £10,000 from Sheffield United and was sold for four times that figure to Lincoln City just over a year later . The club finished mid-table , twelve points above the drop . The winter signing of veteran Bob Hazell helped to shore up the Vales defence . At the end of the season , Bill Bell",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "was made the clubs chairman . Also Darren Beckford was signed from Manchester City for £15,000 . He would become the clubs top scorer for the next four seasons .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1987–88 , Vale were once again comfortable in mid-table . The cash-flow problem was eased by the sale of Andy Jones to Charlton Athletic for £350,000 . Rudge spent £75,000 for Simon Mills from York City , who would be a firm fixture in the first team for the next five seasons . On 20 January the club achieved a famous 2–0 victory over top-flight Spurs in the FA Cup . Before the cup run there were rumours that the directors were considering sacking Rudge due to a poor run of results in the league . The cup run",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "and the sale of Jones helped to put the club in the black financially for the first time in a long time .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "The 1988–89 season was highly successful , the club beating Bristol Rovers in the play-off Final . For the first time in thirty two years , Vale were in the Second Division . A new club record was set in January 1989 , as Rudge purchased classy defender Dean Glover from Middlesbrough for £200,000 . The next month he added Liverpool winger John Jeffers to the squad for £35,000 , using the money he received from selling Steve Harper to Preston North End . To boost the side for the oncoming 1989–90 season , defender Neil Aspin was purchased from",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Leeds United for £150,000 , Aspin would play over 300 games for Vale in the next ten years . £125,000 was splashed out on striker Nicky Cross , who would play around 150 games over the next five years . Vale fans were not used to such purchases , but compared to other teams in the division , the money spent was quite modest . Now on a par with rivals Stoke City , both league games ended as draws , though Stoke were relegated in bottom place .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Delighted with his team , he made few changes in preparation for the 1990–91 campaign . Vale once again finished comfortably in mid-table . £80,000 was spent on Dutch midfielder Robin van der Laan , over the next five years he would become a key player . In June 1992 , Rudge again broke the clubs transfer record , picking up striker Martin Foyle for £375,000 from Oxford United . Foyle would be a dominant figure at the club throughout the 1990s . The money for these acquisitions came from the sale of midfield dynamo Robbie Earle to Wimbledon .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1991–92 , the club finished in last place , five points short of the safety of Oxford United . The club were still a Second Division club due to the creation of the Premier League , though they were now in the third tier . Ian Taylor became another masterstroke signing , after he was purchased from non-league Moor Green for £15,000 in May 1992 . Rudge managed his team to Wembley twice in 1993 , winning the Football League Trophy final 2–1 over Stockport County , but losing the play-off final 3–0 to West Bromwich Albion . His",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "team had proved however that they were too good to remain in the third tier for long . In 1993–94 the club went up in second place , also beating top-flight Southampton in the FA Cup . At the end of the season , Ian Taylor was sold to Sheffield Wednesday , becoming the clubs first million pound sale .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "The club consolidated their First Division status in 1994–95 , finishing ten points above the drop . The money from Taylors sale was reinvested into £225,000 Steve Guppy from Newcastle United and £15,000 striker Tony Naylor from nearby Crewe Alexandra . Both men would prove to be good buys , Naylor being a three time top scorer . At the end of the season , Van der Laan was sold to Derby County for £475,000 plus Lee Mills . £450,000 of this sum was reinvested in York City midfielder Jon McCarthy . £50,000 was also spent on midfielder Ian Bogie",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " In 1995–96 , his team finished 12th in the First Division . Rudge had Port Vale playing some of the best football ever witnessed at Vale Park . This was mainly due to his perseverance with playing a standard 4–4–2 – employing wingers who became the focal point of much of the attacking play . The club achieved another giant-slaying by vanquishing Everton in the FA Cup . He also led Vale to the final of the Anglo-Italian Cup , where they lost out to Genoa .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1996–97 , the club finished in eighth place , their best ever post-war finish . Once again they were the best side in the Potteries . In February , he sold Guppy to Martin ONeills Leicester City for £850,000 . Gareth Ainsworth was purchased for £500,000 from Lincoln City at the start of the 1997–98 season . This was paid for by the sale of McCarthy to Birmingham City for £1.5 million . Vale finished a disappointing 19th , a mere point away from relegation .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " At the start of the 1998–99 season , Ainsworth was sold to Wimbledon for £2 million . Mills was also sold to Bradford City for £1 million . The club came even closer to relegation , finishing above 22nd place Bury on goal difference . However Rudge had already departed , Chairman Bill Bell gave him the sack on 18 January 1999 . It truly was the end of an era at Vale Park . This caused outrage amongst Port Vale fans who held a flat cap protest ( Rudges headwear of choice ) to display their disgust .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "One last present from Rudge to the Vale fans was the signing of Marcus Bent for £300,000 from Crystal Palace , just days before Rudges sacking . However new manager Brian Horton let Bent go for £375,000 . In November 2000 , Bent was sold by Sheffield United to Blackburn Rovers for £2 million . Another star of the late Rudge era was Anthony Gardner . Gardner was retained by Vale , and was sold to Spurs for £1 million in January 2000 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Rudge was awarded £300,000 compensation by an employment tribunal . He had been at the helm for 843 Port Vale games . Following the dismissal , Sir Alex Ferguson said : Every Port Vale supporter should get down on their knees and thank The Lord for John Rudge . Director of football at Stoke City .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge was appointed as director of football at Stoke City in 1999 , after turning down the same role at Port Vale . Rudge had hoped to retire on his own terms at Vale and become a director of football at the club under a with someone like Robbie Earle as manager . He was offered the management job at Stoke but turned it down . He has never held ambitions of being appointed manager at Stoke , and has been Director of Football under five men : Gary Megson , Guðjón Þórðarson , Steve Cotterill , Johan Boskamp and",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Tony Pulis .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "On 2 November 2005 , he had a public fall-out with then manager Johan Boskamp at Highfield Road . Rudge went down the dug-out during the 2–1 win over Coventry City to give some advice to Boskamp . The Dutchman took offence to this and said to the board either he goes or I go , under the belief that Rudge had overstepped the mark . Rudge maintains though , that Boskamp used the incident as a ploy , in an attempt to be paid off by Stoke as the Dutchman couldnt handle the pressure of the English game .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge points to the evidence that he talked Boskamp out of quitting during the pre-season .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Rudge and his assistant Jan de Koning were twice suspended by Stoke , after disagreements with Boskamp . Following Boskamps departure and the arrival of new chairman Peter Coates , Rudge was reinstated in his role . When the club achieved promotion to the Premier League in 2007–08 , Rudge was at a top-flight club for the first time since entering the game 46 years ago , in 1962 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge left the Britannia Stadium at the end of the 2012–13 season in a major shake-up of the clubs scouting network . He left Stoke in May 2013 , ending a 14-year spell at the club . After leaving Stoke he then spent the next four years scouting for Hull City .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Return to Port Vale . On 4 October 2017 , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role to assist his former defender Neil Aspin , who had just been appointed manager . He was appointed as club president on 10 August 2019 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Though he got his teams to play good football he was meticulous and rather cautious . He thoroughly researched opposition players and informed his players on weaknesses to exploit and strengths to watch out for . He was reluctant to use substitutions unless a player was injured as he believed in the first eleven he had selected could get the job done over the ninety minutes . He tended not to lose his temper after a bad performance , and instead Robbie Earle said that he had the ability to make you feel guilty about playing badly .",
"title": "Managerial style"
},
{
"text": "He had the knack of spotting talented players , signing them cheaply , and then selling them on to bigger clubs for a large profit . As well as being an excellent judge of talent , he also had to be a skilled negotiator . In all he made a net income for Port Vale of almost £10 million in the transfer market .",
"title": "Managerial style"
},
{
"text": " as a Player . - Bristol Rovers - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1973–74 as a Manager . - Port Vale - Football League Fourth Division fourth place promotion : 1985–86 - Football League Third Division play-offs : 1989 - Football League Trophy : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 - Anglo-Italian Cup runner-up : 1996 - Awards - Football League Third Division Manager of the Month : November 1988 - EFL Awards Contribution to League football : 2021",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - General - Kent , Jeff . What If There Had Been No Port in the Vale? : Startling Port Vale Stories ! ( Witan Books , 2011 , ) - Specific",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Rudge#P54#1
|
Which team did John Rudge play for in Apr 1968?
|
John Rudge John Robert Rudge ( born 21 October 1944 ) is an English former football player and football manager who is now working as football adviser and club president at Port Vale . His playing career began at Huddersfield Town in November 1961 , but he made little impact at the club and was transferred to Carlisle United in December 1966 . In January 1969 he joined Torquay United , and twice finished as the clubs top scorer , before he moved on to Bristol Rovers in February 1972 . He helped the club to win promotion of the Third Division in 1973–74 , before departing for Bournemouth in March 1975 . His time on the coast was disrupted by injury , and he retired in 1977 . He scored a total of 78 goals in 267 league and cup appearances in a sixteen-year career in the English Football League . He managed Port Vale for a sixteen-year period between 1983 and 1999 , easily the longest spell in the clubs history . He masterminded some of the clubs most successful campaigns , leading them to promotion in 1985–86 , 1989 and 1993–94 ; he also led them to the Anglo-Italian Cup final in 1996 , and to victory in the Football League Trophy final in 1993 . However , he was sacked in January 1999 , and subsequently was appointed director of football at their rivals – Stoke City , a position he held until May 2013 . After working as a scout at Hull City , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role in October 2017 . Playing career . Huddersfield Town . Born and raised in Wolverhampton , Rudge became a lifelong fan of Wolverhampton Wanderers . However , he turned professional at Second Division club Huddersfield Town in November 1961 . He made his debut under manager Eddie Boot in the 1962–63 campaign , and was given the residence of the recently departed Denis Law . He did not feature in 1963–64 , appeared just twice in 1964–65 , and did not get a game in 1965–66 . He played two games at the start of the 1966–67 season , before manager Tom Johnston allowed him a move to Second Division rivals Carlisle United in December 1966 . Carlisle United . Rudge made an immediate impact at Brunton Park , scoring seven goals in 14 appearances , including a hat-trick in a 6–1 win over Bolton Wanderers , as Tim Wards Cumbrians finished third in 1966–67 , six points short of promotion . Over the course of the 1967–68 campaign he scored nine goals in 29 league and cup games , as Carlisle posted a tenth-place finish . He made just five goalless appearances in 1968–69 , and in January 1969 manager Bob Stokoe handed him a free transfer to Torquay United of the Third Division . Torquay United . He found the net just twice in 14 appearances before the end of the campaign for Allan Browns Gulls . He then found his form in 1969–70 , finishing as the clubs top scorer with 16 goals in 35 league and cup matches . He continued to regularly find the net in 1970–71 , hitting 21 goals in 43 appearances , as Torquay finished tenth . However , he scored just twice in 12 games in 1971–72 , as the club suffered relegation under Jack Edwards . Rudge escaped this fate as he left Plainmoor in February 1972 , signing a contract with Bill Dodgins Bristol Rovers . Bristol Rovers . After three goals in eight games towards the end of the campaign , Rudge hit 12 goals in 29 appearances in 1972–73 , as the club pushed for promotion under new manager Don Megson . The Pirates achieved their goal in 1973–74 , as they finished runners-up of the Third Division ; however Rudge played only 15 games , scoring five goals . He featured just three times in 1974–75 , and moved on to John Bensons Bournemouth in March 1975 . Bournemouth . Rudge played seven games for the Cherries , and could not prevent them from being relegated into the Fourth Division at the end of the campaign . He missed most of the 1975–76 season with a ruptured Achilles tendon , and made only 11 league appearances in 1976–77 , scoring twice . His career was ended at age 32 , owing to his Achilles tendon injury . He had scored a total of 78 goals in 267 appearances in all competitions . Coaching career . Manager of Port Vale . Following his retirement as a player , Rudge was made a coach at old club Torquay United . In January 1980 he was appointed as a coach at Port Vale , after Rudge was recommended to new manager John McGrath . Rudge was promoted to the position of assistant manager in December 1980 . Following the sacking of McGrath in December 1983 , Rudge was made caretaker manager at Port Vale . Under McGrath , the club had lost thirteen of their opening seventeen league games . The club had the third highest budget in the division , a weekly wage bill of three times that of the home gate receipts and were rooted to the foot of the table , nine points from their nearest competitors . Rudge understated things somewhat when he said : We cannot change things overnight . However , player Tommy Gore noted the players are in a more determined mood . He signed left sided midfielder Kevin Young on loan , and switched Eamonn OKeefe from midfield to the attack . He was appointed as manager on a permanent basis on 9 March . He was unable to prevent relegation that year , though the club did avoid picking up the wooden spoon . Though Mark Bright and Robbie Earle were signed to Vale before Rudges appointment , he helped to nurture their talents , both were the first of many to develop into outstanding players under Rudge . In reality , the task in 1984–85 was to arrest the decline . Rudge achieved this aim , slashing the wage bill to offset the clubs reduced income , the Vale finished 12th . Young striker Andy Jones was purchased for £3,000 from Rhyl . In 1985–86 , promotion was the target . An eighteen-game unbeaten run from January to April helped to win Vale a fourth place promotion place , seven points clear of fifth place Leyton Orient . At the end of the season , Rudge turned down an offer of the management job at Preston North End . Major signings for the start of the 1986–87 season were Mark Grew and Ray Walker ( £12,000 from Aston Villa ) , who would feature heavily for the club in the coming years , as well as Paul Smith . Smith was purchased for £10,000 from Sheffield United and was sold for four times that figure to Lincoln City just over a year later . The club finished mid-table , twelve points above the drop . The winter signing of veteran Bob Hazell helped to shore up the Vales defence . At the end of the season , Bill Bell was made the clubs chairman . Also Darren Beckford was signed from Manchester City for £15,000 . He would become the clubs top scorer for the next four seasons . In 1987–88 , Vale were once again comfortable in mid-table . The cash-flow problem was eased by the sale of Andy Jones to Charlton Athletic for £350,000 . Rudge spent £75,000 for Simon Mills from York City , who would be a firm fixture in the first team for the next five seasons . On 20 January the club achieved a famous 2–0 victory over top-flight Spurs in the FA Cup . Before the cup run there were rumours that the directors were considering sacking Rudge due to a poor run of results in the league . The cup run and the sale of Jones helped to put the club in the black financially for the first time in a long time . The 1988–89 season was highly successful , the club beating Bristol Rovers in the play-off Final . For the first time in thirty two years , Vale were in the Second Division . A new club record was set in January 1989 , as Rudge purchased classy defender Dean Glover from Middlesbrough for £200,000 . The next month he added Liverpool winger John Jeffers to the squad for £35,000 , using the money he received from selling Steve Harper to Preston North End . To boost the side for the oncoming 1989–90 season , defender Neil Aspin was purchased from Leeds United for £150,000 , Aspin would play over 300 games for Vale in the next ten years . £125,000 was splashed out on striker Nicky Cross , who would play around 150 games over the next five years . Vale fans were not used to such purchases , but compared to other teams in the division , the money spent was quite modest . Now on a par with rivals Stoke City , both league games ended as draws , though Stoke were relegated in bottom place . Delighted with his team , he made few changes in preparation for the 1990–91 campaign . Vale once again finished comfortably in mid-table . £80,000 was spent on Dutch midfielder Robin van der Laan , over the next five years he would become a key player . In June 1992 , Rudge again broke the clubs transfer record , picking up striker Martin Foyle for £375,000 from Oxford United . Foyle would be a dominant figure at the club throughout the 1990s . The money for these acquisitions came from the sale of midfield dynamo Robbie Earle to Wimbledon . In 1991–92 , the club finished in last place , five points short of the safety of Oxford United . The club were still a Second Division club due to the creation of the Premier League , though they were now in the third tier . Ian Taylor became another masterstroke signing , after he was purchased from non-league Moor Green for £15,000 in May 1992 . Rudge managed his team to Wembley twice in 1993 , winning the Football League Trophy final 2–1 over Stockport County , but losing the play-off final 3–0 to West Bromwich Albion . His team had proved however that they were too good to remain in the third tier for long . In 1993–94 the club went up in second place , also beating top-flight Southampton in the FA Cup . At the end of the season , Ian Taylor was sold to Sheffield Wednesday , becoming the clubs first million pound sale . The club consolidated their First Division status in 1994–95 , finishing ten points above the drop . The money from Taylors sale was reinvested into £225,000 Steve Guppy from Newcastle United and £15,000 striker Tony Naylor from nearby Crewe Alexandra . Both men would prove to be good buys , Naylor being a three time top scorer . At the end of the season , Van der Laan was sold to Derby County for £475,000 plus Lee Mills . £450,000 of this sum was reinvested in York City midfielder Jon McCarthy . £50,000 was also spent on midfielder Ian Bogie . In 1995–96 , his team finished 12th in the First Division . Rudge had Port Vale playing some of the best football ever witnessed at Vale Park . This was mainly due to his perseverance with playing a standard 4–4–2 – employing wingers who became the focal point of much of the attacking play . The club achieved another giant-slaying by vanquishing Everton in the FA Cup . He also led Vale to the final of the Anglo-Italian Cup , where they lost out to Genoa . In 1996–97 , the club finished in eighth place , their best ever post-war finish . Once again they were the best side in the Potteries . In February , he sold Guppy to Martin ONeills Leicester City for £850,000 . Gareth Ainsworth was purchased for £500,000 from Lincoln City at the start of the 1997–98 season . This was paid for by the sale of McCarthy to Birmingham City for £1.5 million . Vale finished a disappointing 19th , a mere point away from relegation . At the start of the 1998–99 season , Ainsworth was sold to Wimbledon for £2 million . Mills was also sold to Bradford City for £1 million . The club came even closer to relegation , finishing above 22nd place Bury on goal difference . However Rudge had already departed , Chairman Bill Bell gave him the sack on 18 January 1999 . It truly was the end of an era at Vale Park . This caused outrage amongst Port Vale fans who held a flat cap protest ( Rudges headwear of choice ) to display their disgust . One last present from Rudge to the Vale fans was the signing of Marcus Bent for £300,000 from Crystal Palace , just days before Rudges sacking . However new manager Brian Horton let Bent go for £375,000 . In November 2000 , Bent was sold by Sheffield United to Blackburn Rovers for £2 million . Another star of the late Rudge era was Anthony Gardner . Gardner was retained by Vale , and was sold to Spurs for £1 million in January 2000 . Rudge was awarded £300,000 compensation by an employment tribunal . He had been at the helm for 843 Port Vale games . Following the dismissal , Sir Alex Ferguson said : Every Port Vale supporter should get down on their knees and thank The Lord for John Rudge . Director of football at Stoke City . Rudge was appointed as director of football at Stoke City in 1999 , after turning down the same role at Port Vale . Rudge had hoped to retire on his own terms at Vale and become a director of football at the club under a with someone like Robbie Earle as manager . He was offered the management job at Stoke but turned it down . He has never held ambitions of being appointed manager at Stoke , and has been Director of Football under five men : Gary Megson , Guðjón Þórðarson , Steve Cotterill , Johan Boskamp and Tony Pulis . On 2 November 2005 , he had a public fall-out with then manager Johan Boskamp at Highfield Road . Rudge went down the dug-out during the 2–1 win over Coventry City to give some advice to Boskamp . The Dutchman took offence to this and said to the board either he goes or I go , under the belief that Rudge had overstepped the mark . Rudge maintains though , that Boskamp used the incident as a ploy , in an attempt to be paid off by Stoke as the Dutchman couldnt handle the pressure of the English game . Rudge points to the evidence that he talked Boskamp out of quitting during the pre-season . Rudge and his assistant Jan de Koning were twice suspended by Stoke , after disagreements with Boskamp . Following Boskamps departure and the arrival of new chairman Peter Coates , Rudge was reinstated in his role . When the club achieved promotion to the Premier League in 2007–08 , Rudge was at a top-flight club for the first time since entering the game 46 years ago , in 1962 . Rudge left the Britannia Stadium at the end of the 2012–13 season in a major shake-up of the clubs scouting network . He left Stoke in May 2013 , ending a 14-year spell at the club . After leaving Stoke he then spent the next four years scouting for Hull City . Return to Port Vale . On 4 October 2017 , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role to assist his former defender Neil Aspin , who had just been appointed manager . He was appointed as club president on 10 August 2019 . Managerial style . Though he got his teams to play good football he was meticulous and rather cautious . He thoroughly researched opposition players and informed his players on weaknesses to exploit and strengths to watch out for . He was reluctant to use substitutions unless a player was injured as he believed in the first eleven he had selected could get the job done over the ninety minutes . He tended not to lose his temper after a bad performance , and instead Robbie Earle said that he had the ability to make you feel guilty about playing badly . He had the knack of spotting talented players , signing them cheaply , and then selling them on to bigger clubs for a large profit . As well as being an excellent judge of talent , he also had to be a skilled negotiator . In all he made a net income for Port Vale of almost £10 million in the transfer market . Career statistics . Playing statistics . Source : Honours . as a Player . - Bristol Rovers - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1973–74 as a Manager . - Port Vale - Football League Fourth Division fourth place promotion : 1985–86 - Football League Third Division play-offs : 1989 - Football League Trophy : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 - Anglo-Italian Cup runner-up : 1996 - Awards - Football League Third Division Manager of the Month : November 1988 - EFL Awards Contribution to League football : 2021 References . - General - Kent , Jeff . What If There Had Been No Port in the Vale? : Startling Port Vale Stories ! ( Witan Books , 2011 , ) - Specific
|
[
"Carlisle United"
] |
[
{
"text": " John Robert Rudge ( born 21 October 1944 ) is an English former football player and football manager who is now working as football adviser and club president at Port Vale .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "His playing career began at Huddersfield Town in November 1961 , but he made little impact at the club and was transferred to Carlisle United in December 1966 . In January 1969 he joined Torquay United , and twice finished as the clubs top scorer , before he moved on to Bristol Rovers in February 1972 . He helped the club to win promotion of the Third Division in 1973–74 , before departing for Bournemouth in March 1975 . His time on the coast was disrupted by injury , and he retired in 1977 . He scored a total of",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "78 goals in 267 league and cup appearances in a sixteen-year career in the English Football League .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "He managed Port Vale for a sixteen-year period between 1983 and 1999 , easily the longest spell in the clubs history . He masterminded some of the clubs most successful campaigns , leading them to promotion in 1985–86 , 1989 and 1993–94 ; he also led them to the Anglo-Italian Cup final in 1996 , and to victory in the Football League Trophy final in 1993 . However , he was sacked in January 1999 , and subsequently was appointed director of football at their rivals – Stoke City , a position he held until May 2013 . After working",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "as a scout at Hull City , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role in October 2017 .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "Born and raised in Wolverhampton , Rudge became a lifelong fan of Wolverhampton Wanderers . However , he turned professional at Second Division club Huddersfield Town in November 1961 . He made his debut under manager Eddie Boot in the 1962–63 campaign , and was given the residence of the recently departed Denis Law . He did not feature in 1963–64 , appeared just twice in 1964–65 , and did not get a game in 1965–66 . He played two games at the start of the 1966–67 season , before manager Tom Johnston allowed him a move to Second Division",
"title": "Huddersfield Town"
},
{
"text": "rivals Carlisle United in December 1966 .",
"title": "Huddersfield Town"
},
{
"text": " Rudge made an immediate impact at Brunton Park , scoring seven goals in 14 appearances , including a hat-trick in a 6–1 win over Bolton Wanderers , as Tim Wards Cumbrians finished third in 1966–67 , six points short of promotion . Over the course of the 1967–68 campaign he scored nine goals in 29 league and cup games , as Carlisle posted a tenth-place finish . He made just five goalless appearances in 1968–69 , and in January 1969 manager Bob Stokoe handed him a free transfer to Torquay United of the Third Division .",
"title": "Carlisle United"
},
{
"text": "He found the net just twice in 14 appearances before the end of the campaign for Allan Browns Gulls . He then found his form in 1969–70 , finishing as the clubs top scorer with 16 goals in 35 league and cup matches . He continued to regularly find the net in 1970–71 , hitting 21 goals in 43 appearances , as Torquay finished tenth . However , he scored just twice in 12 games in 1971–72 , as the club suffered relegation under Jack Edwards . Rudge escaped this fate as he left Plainmoor in February 1972 , signing",
"title": "Torquay United"
},
{
"text": "a contract with Bill Dodgins Bristol Rovers .",
"title": "Torquay United"
},
{
"text": " After three goals in eight games towards the end of the campaign , Rudge hit 12 goals in 29 appearances in 1972–73 , as the club pushed for promotion under new manager Don Megson . The Pirates achieved their goal in 1973–74 , as they finished runners-up of the Third Division ; however Rudge played only 15 games , scoring five goals . He featured just three times in 1974–75 , and moved on to John Bensons Bournemouth in March 1975 .",
"title": "Bristol Rovers"
},
{
"text": " Rudge played seven games for the Cherries , and could not prevent them from being relegated into the Fourth Division at the end of the campaign . He missed most of the 1975–76 season with a ruptured Achilles tendon , and made only 11 league appearances in 1976–77 , scoring twice . His career was ended at age 32 , owing to his Achilles tendon injury . He had scored a total of 78 goals in 267 appearances in all competitions .",
"title": "Bournemouth"
},
{
"text": " Manager of Port Vale . Following his retirement as a player , Rudge was made a coach at old club Torquay United . In January 1980 he was appointed as a coach at Port Vale , after Rudge was recommended to new manager John McGrath . Rudge was promoted to the position of assistant manager in December 1980 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Following the sacking of McGrath in December 1983 , Rudge was made caretaker manager at Port Vale . Under McGrath , the club had lost thirteen of their opening seventeen league games . The club had the third highest budget in the division , a weekly wage bill of three times that of the home gate receipts and were rooted to the foot of the table , nine points from their nearest competitors . Rudge understated things somewhat when he said : We cannot change things overnight . However , player Tommy Gore noted the players are in a more",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "determined mood . He signed left sided midfielder Kevin Young on loan , and switched Eamonn OKeefe from midfield to the attack . He was appointed as manager on a permanent basis on 9 March . He was unable to prevent relegation that year , though the club did avoid picking up the wooden spoon . Though Mark Bright and Robbie Earle were signed to Vale before Rudges appointment , he helped to nurture their talents , both were the first of many to develop into outstanding players under Rudge .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In reality , the task in 1984–85 was to arrest the decline . Rudge achieved this aim , slashing the wage bill to offset the clubs reduced income , the Vale finished 12th . Young striker Andy Jones was purchased for £3,000 from Rhyl . In 1985–86 , promotion was the target . An eighteen-game unbeaten run from January to April helped to win Vale a fourth place promotion place , seven points clear of fifth place Leyton Orient . At the end of the season , Rudge turned down an offer of the management job at Preston North End",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Major signings for the start of the 1986–87 season were Mark Grew and Ray Walker ( £12,000 from Aston Villa ) , who would feature heavily for the club in the coming years , as well as Paul Smith . Smith was purchased for £10,000 from Sheffield United and was sold for four times that figure to Lincoln City just over a year later . The club finished mid-table , twelve points above the drop . The winter signing of veteran Bob Hazell helped to shore up the Vales defence . At the end of the season , Bill Bell",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "was made the clubs chairman . Also Darren Beckford was signed from Manchester City for £15,000 . He would become the clubs top scorer for the next four seasons .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1987–88 , Vale were once again comfortable in mid-table . The cash-flow problem was eased by the sale of Andy Jones to Charlton Athletic for £350,000 . Rudge spent £75,000 for Simon Mills from York City , who would be a firm fixture in the first team for the next five seasons . On 20 January the club achieved a famous 2–0 victory over top-flight Spurs in the FA Cup . Before the cup run there were rumours that the directors were considering sacking Rudge due to a poor run of results in the league . The cup run",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "and the sale of Jones helped to put the club in the black financially for the first time in a long time .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "The 1988–89 season was highly successful , the club beating Bristol Rovers in the play-off Final . For the first time in thirty two years , Vale were in the Second Division . A new club record was set in January 1989 , as Rudge purchased classy defender Dean Glover from Middlesbrough for £200,000 . The next month he added Liverpool winger John Jeffers to the squad for £35,000 , using the money he received from selling Steve Harper to Preston North End . To boost the side for the oncoming 1989–90 season , defender Neil Aspin was purchased from",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Leeds United for £150,000 , Aspin would play over 300 games for Vale in the next ten years . £125,000 was splashed out on striker Nicky Cross , who would play around 150 games over the next five years . Vale fans were not used to such purchases , but compared to other teams in the division , the money spent was quite modest . Now on a par with rivals Stoke City , both league games ended as draws , though Stoke were relegated in bottom place .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Delighted with his team , he made few changes in preparation for the 1990–91 campaign . Vale once again finished comfortably in mid-table . £80,000 was spent on Dutch midfielder Robin van der Laan , over the next five years he would become a key player . In June 1992 , Rudge again broke the clubs transfer record , picking up striker Martin Foyle for £375,000 from Oxford United . Foyle would be a dominant figure at the club throughout the 1990s . The money for these acquisitions came from the sale of midfield dynamo Robbie Earle to Wimbledon .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1991–92 , the club finished in last place , five points short of the safety of Oxford United . The club were still a Second Division club due to the creation of the Premier League , though they were now in the third tier . Ian Taylor became another masterstroke signing , after he was purchased from non-league Moor Green for £15,000 in May 1992 . Rudge managed his team to Wembley twice in 1993 , winning the Football League Trophy final 2–1 over Stockport County , but losing the play-off final 3–0 to West Bromwich Albion . His",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "team had proved however that they were too good to remain in the third tier for long . In 1993–94 the club went up in second place , also beating top-flight Southampton in the FA Cup . At the end of the season , Ian Taylor was sold to Sheffield Wednesday , becoming the clubs first million pound sale .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "The club consolidated their First Division status in 1994–95 , finishing ten points above the drop . The money from Taylors sale was reinvested into £225,000 Steve Guppy from Newcastle United and £15,000 striker Tony Naylor from nearby Crewe Alexandra . Both men would prove to be good buys , Naylor being a three time top scorer . At the end of the season , Van der Laan was sold to Derby County for £475,000 plus Lee Mills . £450,000 of this sum was reinvested in York City midfielder Jon McCarthy . £50,000 was also spent on midfielder Ian Bogie",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " In 1995–96 , his team finished 12th in the First Division . Rudge had Port Vale playing some of the best football ever witnessed at Vale Park . This was mainly due to his perseverance with playing a standard 4–4–2 – employing wingers who became the focal point of much of the attacking play . The club achieved another giant-slaying by vanquishing Everton in the FA Cup . He also led Vale to the final of the Anglo-Italian Cup , where they lost out to Genoa .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1996–97 , the club finished in eighth place , their best ever post-war finish . Once again they were the best side in the Potteries . In February , he sold Guppy to Martin ONeills Leicester City for £850,000 . Gareth Ainsworth was purchased for £500,000 from Lincoln City at the start of the 1997–98 season . This was paid for by the sale of McCarthy to Birmingham City for £1.5 million . Vale finished a disappointing 19th , a mere point away from relegation .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " At the start of the 1998–99 season , Ainsworth was sold to Wimbledon for £2 million . Mills was also sold to Bradford City for £1 million . The club came even closer to relegation , finishing above 22nd place Bury on goal difference . However Rudge had already departed , Chairman Bill Bell gave him the sack on 18 January 1999 . It truly was the end of an era at Vale Park . This caused outrage amongst Port Vale fans who held a flat cap protest ( Rudges headwear of choice ) to display their disgust .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "One last present from Rudge to the Vale fans was the signing of Marcus Bent for £300,000 from Crystal Palace , just days before Rudges sacking . However new manager Brian Horton let Bent go for £375,000 . In November 2000 , Bent was sold by Sheffield United to Blackburn Rovers for £2 million . Another star of the late Rudge era was Anthony Gardner . Gardner was retained by Vale , and was sold to Spurs for £1 million in January 2000 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Rudge was awarded £300,000 compensation by an employment tribunal . He had been at the helm for 843 Port Vale games . Following the dismissal , Sir Alex Ferguson said : Every Port Vale supporter should get down on their knees and thank The Lord for John Rudge . Director of football at Stoke City .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge was appointed as director of football at Stoke City in 1999 , after turning down the same role at Port Vale . Rudge had hoped to retire on his own terms at Vale and become a director of football at the club under a with someone like Robbie Earle as manager . He was offered the management job at Stoke but turned it down . He has never held ambitions of being appointed manager at Stoke , and has been Director of Football under five men : Gary Megson , Guðjón Þórðarson , Steve Cotterill , Johan Boskamp and",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Tony Pulis .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "On 2 November 2005 , he had a public fall-out with then manager Johan Boskamp at Highfield Road . Rudge went down the dug-out during the 2–1 win over Coventry City to give some advice to Boskamp . The Dutchman took offence to this and said to the board either he goes or I go , under the belief that Rudge had overstepped the mark . Rudge maintains though , that Boskamp used the incident as a ploy , in an attempt to be paid off by Stoke as the Dutchman couldnt handle the pressure of the English game .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge points to the evidence that he talked Boskamp out of quitting during the pre-season .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Rudge and his assistant Jan de Koning were twice suspended by Stoke , after disagreements with Boskamp . Following Boskamps departure and the arrival of new chairman Peter Coates , Rudge was reinstated in his role . When the club achieved promotion to the Premier League in 2007–08 , Rudge was at a top-flight club for the first time since entering the game 46 years ago , in 1962 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge left the Britannia Stadium at the end of the 2012–13 season in a major shake-up of the clubs scouting network . He left Stoke in May 2013 , ending a 14-year spell at the club . After leaving Stoke he then spent the next four years scouting for Hull City .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Return to Port Vale . On 4 October 2017 , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role to assist his former defender Neil Aspin , who had just been appointed manager . He was appointed as club president on 10 August 2019 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Though he got his teams to play good football he was meticulous and rather cautious . He thoroughly researched opposition players and informed his players on weaknesses to exploit and strengths to watch out for . He was reluctant to use substitutions unless a player was injured as he believed in the first eleven he had selected could get the job done over the ninety minutes . He tended not to lose his temper after a bad performance , and instead Robbie Earle said that he had the ability to make you feel guilty about playing badly .",
"title": "Managerial style"
},
{
"text": "He had the knack of spotting talented players , signing them cheaply , and then selling them on to bigger clubs for a large profit . As well as being an excellent judge of talent , he also had to be a skilled negotiator . In all he made a net income for Port Vale of almost £10 million in the transfer market .",
"title": "Managerial style"
},
{
"text": " as a Player . - Bristol Rovers - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1973–74 as a Manager . - Port Vale - Football League Fourth Division fourth place promotion : 1985–86 - Football League Third Division play-offs : 1989 - Football League Trophy : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 - Anglo-Italian Cup runner-up : 1996 - Awards - Football League Third Division Manager of the Month : November 1988 - EFL Awards Contribution to League football : 2021",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - General - Kent , Jeff . What If There Had Been No Port in the Vale? : Startling Port Vale Stories ! ( Witan Books , 2011 , ) - Specific",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Rudge#P54#2
|
Which team did John Rudge play for between Sep 1971 and Dec 1971?
|
John Rudge John Robert Rudge ( born 21 October 1944 ) is an English former football player and football manager who is now working as football adviser and club president at Port Vale . His playing career began at Huddersfield Town in November 1961 , but he made little impact at the club and was transferred to Carlisle United in December 1966 . In January 1969 he joined Torquay United , and twice finished as the clubs top scorer , before he moved on to Bristol Rovers in February 1972 . He helped the club to win promotion of the Third Division in 1973–74 , before departing for Bournemouth in March 1975 . His time on the coast was disrupted by injury , and he retired in 1977 . He scored a total of 78 goals in 267 league and cup appearances in a sixteen-year career in the English Football League . He managed Port Vale for a sixteen-year period between 1983 and 1999 , easily the longest spell in the clubs history . He masterminded some of the clubs most successful campaigns , leading them to promotion in 1985–86 , 1989 and 1993–94 ; he also led them to the Anglo-Italian Cup final in 1996 , and to victory in the Football League Trophy final in 1993 . However , he was sacked in January 1999 , and subsequently was appointed director of football at their rivals – Stoke City , a position he held until May 2013 . After working as a scout at Hull City , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role in October 2017 . Playing career . Huddersfield Town . Born and raised in Wolverhampton , Rudge became a lifelong fan of Wolverhampton Wanderers . However , he turned professional at Second Division club Huddersfield Town in November 1961 . He made his debut under manager Eddie Boot in the 1962–63 campaign , and was given the residence of the recently departed Denis Law . He did not feature in 1963–64 , appeared just twice in 1964–65 , and did not get a game in 1965–66 . He played two games at the start of the 1966–67 season , before manager Tom Johnston allowed him a move to Second Division rivals Carlisle United in December 1966 . Carlisle United . Rudge made an immediate impact at Brunton Park , scoring seven goals in 14 appearances , including a hat-trick in a 6–1 win over Bolton Wanderers , as Tim Wards Cumbrians finished third in 1966–67 , six points short of promotion . Over the course of the 1967–68 campaign he scored nine goals in 29 league and cup games , as Carlisle posted a tenth-place finish . He made just five goalless appearances in 1968–69 , and in January 1969 manager Bob Stokoe handed him a free transfer to Torquay United of the Third Division . Torquay United . He found the net just twice in 14 appearances before the end of the campaign for Allan Browns Gulls . He then found his form in 1969–70 , finishing as the clubs top scorer with 16 goals in 35 league and cup matches . He continued to regularly find the net in 1970–71 , hitting 21 goals in 43 appearances , as Torquay finished tenth . However , he scored just twice in 12 games in 1971–72 , as the club suffered relegation under Jack Edwards . Rudge escaped this fate as he left Plainmoor in February 1972 , signing a contract with Bill Dodgins Bristol Rovers . Bristol Rovers . After three goals in eight games towards the end of the campaign , Rudge hit 12 goals in 29 appearances in 1972–73 , as the club pushed for promotion under new manager Don Megson . The Pirates achieved their goal in 1973–74 , as they finished runners-up of the Third Division ; however Rudge played only 15 games , scoring five goals . He featured just three times in 1974–75 , and moved on to John Bensons Bournemouth in March 1975 . Bournemouth . Rudge played seven games for the Cherries , and could not prevent them from being relegated into the Fourth Division at the end of the campaign . He missed most of the 1975–76 season with a ruptured Achilles tendon , and made only 11 league appearances in 1976–77 , scoring twice . His career was ended at age 32 , owing to his Achilles tendon injury . He had scored a total of 78 goals in 267 appearances in all competitions . Coaching career . Manager of Port Vale . Following his retirement as a player , Rudge was made a coach at old club Torquay United . In January 1980 he was appointed as a coach at Port Vale , after Rudge was recommended to new manager John McGrath . Rudge was promoted to the position of assistant manager in December 1980 . Following the sacking of McGrath in December 1983 , Rudge was made caretaker manager at Port Vale . Under McGrath , the club had lost thirteen of their opening seventeen league games . The club had the third highest budget in the division , a weekly wage bill of three times that of the home gate receipts and were rooted to the foot of the table , nine points from their nearest competitors . Rudge understated things somewhat when he said : We cannot change things overnight . However , player Tommy Gore noted the players are in a more determined mood . He signed left sided midfielder Kevin Young on loan , and switched Eamonn OKeefe from midfield to the attack . He was appointed as manager on a permanent basis on 9 March . He was unable to prevent relegation that year , though the club did avoid picking up the wooden spoon . Though Mark Bright and Robbie Earle were signed to Vale before Rudges appointment , he helped to nurture their talents , both were the first of many to develop into outstanding players under Rudge . In reality , the task in 1984–85 was to arrest the decline . Rudge achieved this aim , slashing the wage bill to offset the clubs reduced income , the Vale finished 12th . Young striker Andy Jones was purchased for £3,000 from Rhyl . In 1985–86 , promotion was the target . An eighteen-game unbeaten run from January to April helped to win Vale a fourth place promotion place , seven points clear of fifth place Leyton Orient . At the end of the season , Rudge turned down an offer of the management job at Preston North End . Major signings for the start of the 1986–87 season were Mark Grew and Ray Walker ( £12,000 from Aston Villa ) , who would feature heavily for the club in the coming years , as well as Paul Smith . Smith was purchased for £10,000 from Sheffield United and was sold for four times that figure to Lincoln City just over a year later . The club finished mid-table , twelve points above the drop . The winter signing of veteran Bob Hazell helped to shore up the Vales defence . At the end of the season , Bill Bell was made the clubs chairman . Also Darren Beckford was signed from Manchester City for £15,000 . He would become the clubs top scorer for the next four seasons . In 1987–88 , Vale were once again comfortable in mid-table . The cash-flow problem was eased by the sale of Andy Jones to Charlton Athletic for £350,000 . Rudge spent £75,000 for Simon Mills from York City , who would be a firm fixture in the first team for the next five seasons . On 20 January the club achieved a famous 2–0 victory over top-flight Spurs in the FA Cup . Before the cup run there were rumours that the directors were considering sacking Rudge due to a poor run of results in the league . The cup run and the sale of Jones helped to put the club in the black financially for the first time in a long time . The 1988–89 season was highly successful , the club beating Bristol Rovers in the play-off Final . For the first time in thirty two years , Vale were in the Second Division . A new club record was set in January 1989 , as Rudge purchased classy defender Dean Glover from Middlesbrough for £200,000 . The next month he added Liverpool winger John Jeffers to the squad for £35,000 , using the money he received from selling Steve Harper to Preston North End . To boost the side for the oncoming 1989–90 season , defender Neil Aspin was purchased from Leeds United for £150,000 , Aspin would play over 300 games for Vale in the next ten years . £125,000 was splashed out on striker Nicky Cross , who would play around 150 games over the next five years . Vale fans were not used to such purchases , but compared to other teams in the division , the money spent was quite modest . Now on a par with rivals Stoke City , both league games ended as draws , though Stoke were relegated in bottom place . Delighted with his team , he made few changes in preparation for the 1990–91 campaign . Vale once again finished comfortably in mid-table . £80,000 was spent on Dutch midfielder Robin van der Laan , over the next five years he would become a key player . In June 1992 , Rudge again broke the clubs transfer record , picking up striker Martin Foyle for £375,000 from Oxford United . Foyle would be a dominant figure at the club throughout the 1990s . The money for these acquisitions came from the sale of midfield dynamo Robbie Earle to Wimbledon . In 1991–92 , the club finished in last place , five points short of the safety of Oxford United . The club were still a Second Division club due to the creation of the Premier League , though they were now in the third tier . Ian Taylor became another masterstroke signing , after he was purchased from non-league Moor Green for £15,000 in May 1992 . Rudge managed his team to Wembley twice in 1993 , winning the Football League Trophy final 2–1 over Stockport County , but losing the play-off final 3–0 to West Bromwich Albion . His team had proved however that they were too good to remain in the third tier for long . In 1993–94 the club went up in second place , also beating top-flight Southampton in the FA Cup . At the end of the season , Ian Taylor was sold to Sheffield Wednesday , becoming the clubs first million pound sale . The club consolidated their First Division status in 1994–95 , finishing ten points above the drop . The money from Taylors sale was reinvested into £225,000 Steve Guppy from Newcastle United and £15,000 striker Tony Naylor from nearby Crewe Alexandra . Both men would prove to be good buys , Naylor being a three time top scorer . At the end of the season , Van der Laan was sold to Derby County for £475,000 plus Lee Mills . £450,000 of this sum was reinvested in York City midfielder Jon McCarthy . £50,000 was also spent on midfielder Ian Bogie . In 1995–96 , his team finished 12th in the First Division . Rudge had Port Vale playing some of the best football ever witnessed at Vale Park . This was mainly due to his perseverance with playing a standard 4–4–2 – employing wingers who became the focal point of much of the attacking play . The club achieved another giant-slaying by vanquishing Everton in the FA Cup . He also led Vale to the final of the Anglo-Italian Cup , where they lost out to Genoa . In 1996–97 , the club finished in eighth place , their best ever post-war finish . Once again they were the best side in the Potteries . In February , he sold Guppy to Martin ONeills Leicester City for £850,000 . Gareth Ainsworth was purchased for £500,000 from Lincoln City at the start of the 1997–98 season . This was paid for by the sale of McCarthy to Birmingham City for £1.5 million . Vale finished a disappointing 19th , a mere point away from relegation . At the start of the 1998–99 season , Ainsworth was sold to Wimbledon for £2 million . Mills was also sold to Bradford City for £1 million . The club came even closer to relegation , finishing above 22nd place Bury on goal difference . However Rudge had already departed , Chairman Bill Bell gave him the sack on 18 January 1999 . It truly was the end of an era at Vale Park . This caused outrage amongst Port Vale fans who held a flat cap protest ( Rudges headwear of choice ) to display their disgust . One last present from Rudge to the Vale fans was the signing of Marcus Bent for £300,000 from Crystal Palace , just days before Rudges sacking . However new manager Brian Horton let Bent go for £375,000 . In November 2000 , Bent was sold by Sheffield United to Blackburn Rovers for £2 million . Another star of the late Rudge era was Anthony Gardner . Gardner was retained by Vale , and was sold to Spurs for £1 million in January 2000 . Rudge was awarded £300,000 compensation by an employment tribunal . He had been at the helm for 843 Port Vale games . Following the dismissal , Sir Alex Ferguson said : Every Port Vale supporter should get down on their knees and thank The Lord for John Rudge . Director of football at Stoke City . Rudge was appointed as director of football at Stoke City in 1999 , after turning down the same role at Port Vale . Rudge had hoped to retire on his own terms at Vale and become a director of football at the club under a with someone like Robbie Earle as manager . He was offered the management job at Stoke but turned it down . He has never held ambitions of being appointed manager at Stoke , and has been Director of Football under five men : Gary Megson , Guðjón Þórðarson , Steve Cotterill , Johan Boskamp and Tony Pulis . On 2 November 2005 , he had a public fall-out with then manager Johan Boskamp at Highfield Road . Rudge went down the dug-out during the 2–1 win over Coventry City to give some advice to Boskamp . The Dutchman took offence to this and said to the board either he goes or I go , under the belief that Rudge had overstepped the mark . Rudge maintains though , that Boskamp used the incident as a ploy , in an attempt to be paid off by Stoke as the Dutchman couldnt handle the pressure of the English game . Rudge points to the evidence that he talked Boskamp out of quitting during the pre-season . Rudge and his assistant Jan de Koning were twice suspended by Stoke , after disagreements with Boskamp . Following Boskamps departure and the arrival of new chairman Peter Coates , Rudge was reinstated in his role . When the club achieved promotion to the Premier League in 2007–08 , Rudge was at a top-flight club for the first time since entering the game 46 years ago , in 1962 . Rudge left the Britannia Stadium at the end of the 2012–13 season in a major shake-up of the clubs scouting network . He left Stoke in May 2013 , ending a 14-year spell at the club . After leaving Stoke he then spent the next four years scouting for Hull City . Return to Port Vale . On 4 October 2017 , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role to assist his former defender Neil Aspin , who had just been appointed manager . He was appointed as club president on 10 August 2019 . Managerial style . Though he got his teams to play good football he was meticulous and rather cautious . He thoroughly researched opposition players and informed his players on weaknesses to exploit and strengths to watch out for . He was reluctant to use substitutions unless a player was injured as he believed in the first eleven he had selected could get the job done over the ninety minutes . He tended not to lose his temper after a bad performance , and instead Robbie Earle said that he had the ability to make you feel guilty about playing badly . He had the knack of spotting talented players , signing them cheaply , and then selling them on to bigger clubs for a large profit . As well as being an excellent judge of talent , he also had to be a skilled negotiator . In all he made a net income for Port Vale of almost £10 million in the transfer market . Career statistics . Playing statistics . Source : Honours . as a Player . - Bristol Rovers - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1973–74 as a Manager . - Port Vale - Football League Fourth Division fourth place promotion : 1985–86 - Football League Third Division play-offs : 1989 - Football League Trophy : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 - Anglo-Italian Cup runner-up : 1996 - Awards - Football League Third Division Manager of the Month : November 1988 - EFL Awards Contribution to League football : 2021 References . - General - Kent , Jeff . What If There Had Been No Port in the Vale? : Startling Port Vale Stories ! ( Witan Books , 2011 , ) - Specific
|
[
"Torquay United"
] |
[
{
"text": " John Robert Rudge ( born 21 October 1944 ) is an English former football player and football manager who is now working as football adviser and club president at Port Vale .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "His playing career began at Huddersfield Town in November 1961 , but he made little impact at the club and was transferred to Carlisle United in December 1966 . In January 1969 he joined Torquay United , and twice finished as the clubs top scorer , before he moved on to Bristol Rovers in February 1972 . He helped the club to win promotion of the Third Division in 1973–74 , before departing for Bournemouth in March 1975 . His time on the coast was disrupted by injury , and he retired in 1977 . He scored a total of",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "78 goals in 267 league and cup appearances in a sixteen-year career in the English Football League .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "He managed Port Vale for a sixteen-year period between 1983 and 1999 , easily the longest spell in the clubs history . He masterminded some of the clubs most successful campaigns , leading them to promotion in 1985–86 , 1989 and 1993–94 ; he also led them to the Anglo-Italian Cup final in 1996 , and to victory in the Football League Trophy final in 1993 . However , he was sacked in January 1999 , and subsequently was appointed director of football at their rivals – Stoke City , a position he held until May 2013 . After working",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "as a scout at Hull City , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role in October 2017 .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "Born and raised in Wolverhampton , Rudge became a lifelong fan of Wolverhampton Wanderers . However , he turned professional at Second Division club Huddersfield Town in November 1961 . He made his debut under manager Eddie Boot in the 1962–63 campaign , and was given the residence of the recently departed Denis Law . He did not feature in 1963–64 , appeared just twice in 1964–65 , and did not get a game in 1965–66 . He played two games at the start of the 1966–67 season , before manager Tom Johnston allowed him a move to Second Division",
"title": "Huddersfield Town"
},
{
"text": "rivals Carlisle United in December 1966 .",
"title": "Huddersfield Town"
},
{
"text": " Rudge made an immediate impact at Brunton Park , scoring seven goals in 14 appearances , including a hat-trick in a 6–1 win over Bolton Wanderers , as Tim Wards Cumbrians finished third in 1966–67 , six points short of promotion . Over the course of the 1967–68 campaign he scored nine goals in 29 league and cup games , as Carlisle posted a tenth-place finish . He made just five goalless appearances in 1968–69 , and in January 1969 manager Bob Stokoe handed him a free transfer to Torquay United of the Third Division .",
"title": "Carlisle United"
},
{
"text": "He found the net just twice in 14 appearances before the end of the campaign for Allan Browns Gulls . He then found his form in 1969–70 , finishing as the clubs top scorer with 16 goals in 35 league and cup matches . He continued to regularly find the net in 1970–71 , hitting 21 goals in 43 appearances , as Torquay finished tenth . However , he scored just twice in 12 games in 1971–72 , as the club suffered relegation under Jack Edwards . Rudge escaped this fate as he left Plainmoor in February 1972 , signing",
"title": "Torquay United"
},
{
"text": "a contract with Bill Dodgins Bristol Rovers .",
"title": "Torquay United"
},
{
"text": " After three goals in eight games towards the end of the campaign , Rudge hit 12 goals in 29 appearances in 1972–73 , as the club pushed for promotion under new manager Don Megson . The Pirates achieved their goal in 1973–74 , as they finished runners-up of the Third Division ; however Rudge played only 15 games , scoring five goals . He featured just three times in 1974–75 , and moved on to John Bensons Bournemouth in March 1975 .",
"title": "Bristol Rovers"
},
{
"text": " Rudge played seven games for the Cherries , and could not prevent them from being relegated into the Fourth Division at the end of the campaign . He missed most of the 1975–76 season with a ruptured Achilles tendon , and made only 11 league appearances in 1976–77 , scoring twice . His career was ended at age 32 , owing to his Achilles tendon injury . He had scored a total of 78 goals in 267 appearances in all competitions .",
"title": "Bournemouth"
},
{
"text": " Manager of Port Vale . Following his retirement as a player , Rudge was made a coach at old club Torquay United . In January 1980 he was appointed as a coach at Port Vale , after Rudge was recommended to new manager John McGrath . Rudge was promoted to the position of assistant manager in December 1980 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Following the sacking of McGrath in December 1983 , Rudge was made caretaker manager at Port Vale . Under McGrath , the club had lost thirteen of their opening seventeen league games . The club had the third highest budget in the division , a weekly wage bill of three times that of the home gate receipts and were rooted to the foot of the table , nine points from their nearest competitors . Rudge understated things somewhat when he said : We cannot change things overnight . However , player Tommy Gore noted the players are in a more",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "determined mood . He signed left sided midfielder Kevin Young on loan , and switched Eamonn OKeefe from midfield to the attack . He was appointed as manager on a permanent basis on 9 March . He was unable to prevent relegation that year , though the club did avoid picking up the wooden spoon . Though Mark Bright and Robbie Earle were signed to Vale before Rudges appointment , he helped to nurture their talents , both were the first of many to develop into outstanding players under Rudge .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In reality , the task in 1984–85 was to arrest the decline . Rudge achieved this aim , slashing the wage bill to offset the clubs reduced income , the Vale finished 12th . Young striker Andy Jones was purchased for £3,000 from Rhyl . In 1985–86 , promotion was the target . An eighteen-game unbeaten run from January to April helped to win Vale a fourth place promotion place , seven points clear of fifth place Leyton Orient . At the end of the season , Rudge turned down an offer of the management job at Preston North End",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Major signings for the start of the 1986–87 season were Mark Grew and Ray Walker ( £12,000 from Aston Villa ) , who would feature heavily for the club in the coming years , as well as Paul Smith . Smith was purchased for £10,000 from Sheffield United and was sold for four times that figure to Lincoln City just over a year later . The club finished mid-table , twelve points above the drop . The winter signing of veteran Bob Hazell helped to shore up the Vales defence . At the end of the season , Bill Bell",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "was made the clubs chairman . Also Darren Beckford was signed from Manchester City for £15,000 . He would become the clubs top scorer for the next four seasons .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1987–88 , Vale were once again comfortable in mid-table . The cash-flow problem was eased by the sale of Andy Jones to Charlton Athletic for £350,000 . Rudge spent £75,000 for Simon Mills from York City , who would be a firm fixture in the first team for the next five seasons . On 20 January the club achieved a famous 2–0 victory over top-flight Spurs in the FA Cup . Before the cup run there were rumours that the directors were considering sacking Rudge due to a poor run of results in the league . The cup run",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "and the sale of Jones helped to put the club in the black financially for the first time in a long time .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "The 1988–89 season was highly successful , the club beating Bristol Rovers in the play-off Final . For the first time in thirty two years , Vale were in the Second Division . A new club record was set in January 1989 , as Rudge purchased classy defender Dean Glover from Middlesbrough for £200,000 . The next month he added Liverpool winger John Jeffers to the squad for £35,000 , using the money he received from selling Steve Harper to Preston North End . To boost the side for the oncoming 1989–90 season , defender Neil Aspin was purchased from",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Leeds United for £150,000 , Aspin would play over 300 games for Vale in the next ten years . £125,000 was splashed out on striker Nicky Cross , who would play around 150 games over the next five years . Vale fans were not used to such purchases , but compared to other teams in the division , the money spent was quite modest . Now on a par with rivals Stoke City , both league games ended as draws , though Stoke were relegated in bottom place .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Delighted with his team , he made few changes in preparation for the 1990–91 campaign . Vale once again finished comfortably in mid-table . £80,000 was spent on Dutch midfielder Robin van der Laan , over the next five years he would become a key player . In June 1992 , Rudge again broke the clubs transfer record , picking up striker Martin Foyle for £375,000 from Oxford United . Foyle would be a dominant figure at the club throughout the 1990s . The money for these acquisitions came from the sale of midfield dynamo Robbie Earle to Wimbledon .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1991–92 , the club finished in last place , five points short of the safety of Oxford United . The club were still a Second Division club due to the creation of the Premier League , though they were now in the third tier . Ian Taylor became another masterstroke signing , after he was purchased from non-league Moor Green for £15,000 in May 1992 . Rudge managed his team to Wembley twice in 1993 , winning the Football League Trophy final 2–1 over Stockport County , but losing the play-off final 3–0 to West Bromwich Albion . His",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "team had proved however that they were too good to remain in the third tier for long . In 1993–94 the club went up in second place , also beating top-flight Southampton in the FA Cup . At the end of the season , Ian Taylor was sold to Sheffield Wednesday , becoming the clubs first million pound sale .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "The club consolidated their First Division status in 1994–95 , finishing ten points above the drop . The money from Taylors sale was reinvested into £225,000 Steve Guppy from Newcastle United and £15,000 striker Tony Naylor from nearby Crewe Alexandra . Both men would prove to be good buys , Naylor being a three time top scorer . At the end of the season , Van der Laan was sold to Derby County for £475,000 plus Lee Mills . £450,000 of this sum was reinvested in York City midfielder Jon McCarthy . £50,000 was also spent on midfielder Ian Bogie",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " In 1995–96 , his team finished 12th in the First Division . Rudge had Port Vale playing some of the best football ever witnessed at Vale Park . This was mainly due to his perseverance with playing a standard 4–4–2 – employing wingers who became the focal point of much of the attacking play . The club achieved another giant-slaying by vanquishing Everton in the FA Cup . He also led Vale to the final of the Anglo-Italian Cup , where they lost out to Genoa .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1996–97 , the club finished in eighth place , their best ever post-war finish . Once again they were the best side in the Potteries . In February , he sold Guppy to Martin ONeills Leicester City for £850,000 . Gareth Ainsworth was purchased for £500,000 from Lincoln City at the start of the 1997–98 season . This was paid for by the sale of McCarthy to Birmingham City for £1.5 million . Vale finished a disappointing 19th , a mere point away from relegation .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " At the start of the 1998–99 season , Ainsworth was sold to Wimbledon for £2 million . Mills was also sold to Bradford City for £1 million . The club came even closer to relegation , finishing above 22nd place Bury on goal difference . However Rudge had already departed , Chairman Bill Bell gave him the sack on 18 January 1999 . It truly was the end of an era at Vale Park . This caused outrage amongst Port Vale fans who held a flat cap protest ( Rudges headwear of choice ) to display their disgust .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "One last present from Rudge to the Vale fans was the signing of Marcus Bent for £300,000 from Crystal Palace , just days before Rudges sacking . However new manager Brian Horton let Bent go for £375,000 . In November 2000 , Bent was sold by Sheffield United to Blackburn Rovers for £2 million . Another star of the late Rudge era was Anthony Gardner . Gardner was retained by Vale , and was sold to Spurs for £1 million in January 2000 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Rudge was awarded £300,000 compensation by an employment tribunal . He had been at the helm for 843 Port Vale games . Following the dismissal , Sir Alex Ferguson said : Every Port Vale supporter should get down on their knees and thank The Lord for John Rudge . Director of football at Stoke City .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge was appointed as director of football at Stoke City in 1999 , after turning down the same role at Port Vale . Rudge had hoped to retire on his own terms at Vale and become a director of football at the club under a with someone like Robbie Earle as manager . He was offered the management job at Stoke but turned it down . He has never held ambitions of being appointed manager at Stoke , and has been Director of Football under five men : Gary Megson , Guðjón Þórðarson , Steve Cotterill , Johan Boskamp and",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Tony Pulis .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "On 2 November 2005 , he had a public fall-out with then manager Johan Boskamp at Highfield Road . Rudge went down the dug-out during the 2–1 win over Coventry City to give some advice to Boskamp . The Dutchman took offence to this and said to the board either he goes or I go , under the belief that Rudge had overstepped the mark . Rudge maintains though , that Boskamp used the incident as a ploy , in an attempt to be paid off by Stoke as the Dutchman couldnt handle the pressure of the English game .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge points to the evidence that he talked Boskamp out of quitting during the pre-season .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Rudge and his assistant Jan de Koning were twice suspended by Stoke , after disagreements with Boskamp . Following Boskamps departure and the arrival of new chairman Peter Coates , Rudge was reinstated in his role . When the club achieved promotion to the Premier League in 2007–08 , Rudge was at a top-flight club for the first time since entering the game 46 years ago , in 1962 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge left the Britannia Stadium at the end of the 2012–13 season in a major shake-up of the clubs scouting network . He left Stoke in May 2013 , ending a 14-year spell at the club . After leaving Stoke he then spent the next four years scouting for Hull City .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Return to Port Vale . On 4 October 2017 , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role to assist his former defender Neil Aspin , who had just been appointed manager . He was appointed as club president on 10 August 2019 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Though he got his teams to play good football he was meticulous and rather cautious . He thoroughly researched opposition players and informed his players on weaknesses to exploit and strengths to watch out for . He was reluctant to use substitutions unless a player was injured as he believed in the first eleven he had selected could get the job done over the ninety minutes . He tended not to lose his temper after a bad performance , and instead Robbie Earle said that he had the ability to make you feel guilty about playing badly .",
"title": "Managerial style"
},
{
"text": "He had the knack of spotting talented players , signing them cheaply , and then selling them on to bigger clubs for a large profit . As well as being an excellent judge of talent , he also had to be a skilled negotiator . In all he made a net income for Port Vale of almost £10 million in the transfer market .",
"title": "Managerial style"
},
{
"text": " as a Player . - Bristol Rovers - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1973–74 as a Manager . - Port Vale - Football League Fourth Division fourth place promotion : 1985–86 - Football League Third Division play-offs : 1989 - Football League Trophy : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 - Anglo-Italian Cup runner-up : 1996 - Awards - Football League Third Division Manager of the Month : November 1988 - EFL Awards Contribution to League football : 2021",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - General - Kent , Jeff . What If There Had Been No Port in the Vale? : Startling Port Vale Stories ! ( Witan Books , 2011 , ) - Specific",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Rudge#P54#3
|
Which team did John Rudge play for between Nov 1973 and Mar 1974?
|
John Rudge John Robert Rudge ( born 21 October 1944 ) is an English former football player and football manager who is now working as football adviser and club president at Port Vale . His playing career began at Huddersfield Town in November 1961 , but he made little impact at the club and was transferred to Carlisle United in December 1966 . In January 1969 he joined Torquay United , and twice finished as the clubs top scorer , before he moved on to Bristol Rovers in February 1972 . He helped the club to win promotion of the Third Division in 1973–74 , before departing for Bournemouth in March 1975 . His time on the coast was disrupted by injury , and he retired in 1977 . He scored a total of 78 goals in 267 league and cup appearances in a sixteen-year career in the English Football League . He managed Port Vale for a sixteen-year period between 1983 and 1999 , easily the longest spell in the clubs history . He masterminded some of the clubs most successful campaigns , leading them to promotion in 1985–86 , 1989 and 1993–94 ; he also led them to the Anglo-Italian Cup final in 1996 , and to victory in the Football League Trophy final in 1993 . However , he was sacked in January 1999 , and subsequently was appointed director of football at their rivals – Stoke City , a position he held until May 2013 . After working as a scout at Hull City , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role in October 2017 . Playing career . Huddersfield Town . Born and raised in Wolverhampton , Rudge became a lifelong fan of Wolverhampton Wanderers . However , he turned professional at Second Division club Huddersfield Town in November 1961 . He made his debut under manager Eddie Boot in the 1962–63 campaign , and was given the residence of the recently departed Denis Law . He did not feature in 1963–64 , appeared just twice in 1964–65 , and did not get a game in 1965–66 . He played two games at the start of the 1966–67 season , before manager Tom Johnston allowed him a move to Second Division rivals Carlisle United in December 1966 . Carlisle United . Rudge made an immediate impact at Brunton Park , scoring seven goals in 14 appearances , including a hat-trick in a 6–1 win over Bolton Wanderers , as Tim Wards Cumbrians finished third in 1966–67 , six points short of promotion . Over the course of the 1967–68 campaign he scored nine goals in 29 league and cup games , as Carlisle posted a tenth-place finish . He made just five goalless appearances in 1968–69 , and in January 1969 manager Bob Stokoe handed him a free transfer to Torquay United of the Third Division . Torquay United . He found the net just twice in 14 appearances before the end of the campaign for Allan Browns Gulls . He then found his form in 1969–70 , finishing as the clubs top scorer with 16 goals in 35 league and cup matches . He continued to regularly find the net in 1970–71 , hitting 21 goals in 43 appearances , as Torquay finished tenth . However , he scored just twice in 12 games in 1971–72 , as the club suffered relegation under Jack Edwards . Rudge escaped this fate as he left Plainmoor in February 1972 , signing a contract with Bill Dodgins Bristol Rovers . Bristol Rovers . After three goals in eight games towards the end of the campaign , Rudge hit 12 goals in 29 appearances in 1972–73 , as the club pushed for promotion under new manager Don Megson . The Pirates achieved their goal in 1973–74 , as they finished runners-up of the Third Division ; however Rudge played only 15 games , scoring five goals . He featured just three times in 1974–75 , and moved on to John Bensons Bournemouth in March 1975 . Bournemouth . Rudge played seven games for the Cherries , and could not prevent them from being relegated into the Fourth Division at the end of the campaign . He missed most of the 1975–76 season with a ruptured Achilles tendon , and made only 11 league appearances in 1976–77 , scoring twice . His career was ended at age 32 , owing to his Achilles tendon injury . He had scored a total of 78 goals in 267 appearances in all competitions . Coaching career . Manager of Port Vale . Following his retirement as a player , Rudge was made a coach at old club Torquay United . In January 1980 he was appointed as a coach at Port Vale , after Rudge was recommended to new manager John McGrath . Rudge was promoted to the position of assistant manager in December 1980 . Following the sacking of McGrath in December 1983 , Rudge was made caretaker manager at Port Vale . Under McGrath , the club had lost thirteen of their opening seventeen league games . The club had the third highest budget in the division , a weekly wage bill of three times that of the home gate receipts and were rooted to the foot of the table , nine points from their nearest competitors . Rudge understated things somewhat when he said : We cannot change things overnight . However , player Tommy Gore noted the players are in a more determined mood . He signed left sided midfielder Kevin Young on loan , and switched Eamonn OKeefe from midfield to the attack . He was appointed as manager on a permanent basis on 9 March . He was unable to prevent relegation that year , though the club did avoid picking up the wooden spoon . Though Mark Bright and Robbie Earle were signed to Vale before Rudges appointment , he helped to nurture their talents , both were the first of many to develop into outstanding players under Rudge . In reality , the task in 1984–85 was to arrest the decline . Rudge achieved this aim , slashing the wage bill to offset the clubs reduced income , the Vale finished 12th . Young striker Andy Jones was purchased for £3,000 from Rhyl . In 1985–86 , promotion was the target . An eighteen-game unbeaten run from January to April helped to win Vale a fourth place promotion place , seven points clear of fifth place Leyton Orient . At the end of the season , Rudge turned down an offer of the management job at Preston North End . Major signings for the start of the 1986–87 season were Mark Grew and Ray Walker ( £12,000 from Aston Villa ) , who would feature heavily for the club in the coming years , as well as Paul Smith . Smith was purchased for £10,000 from Sheffield United and was sold for four times that figure to Lincoln City just over a year later . The club finished mid-table , twelve points above the drop . The winter signing of veteran Bob Hazell helped to shore up the Vales defence . At the end of the season , Bill Bell was made the clubs chairman . Also Darren Beckford was signed from Manchester City for £15,000 . He would become the clubs top scorer for the next four seasons . In 1987–88 , Vale were once again comfortable in mid-table . The cash-flow problem was eased by the sale of Andy Jones to Charlton Athletic for £350,000 . Rudge spent £75,000 for Simon Mills from York City , who would be a firm fixture in the first team for the next five seasons . On 20 January the club achieved a famous 2–0 victory over top-flight Spurs in the FA Cup . Before the cup run there were rumours that the directors were considering sacking Rudge due to a poor run of results in the league . The cup run and the sale of Jones helped to put the club in the black financially for the first time in a long time . The 1988–89 season was highly successful , the club beating Bristol Rovers in the play-off Final . For the first time in thirty two years , Vale were in the Second Division . A new club record was set in January 1989 , as Rudge purchased classy defender Dean Glover from Middlesbrough for £200,000 . The next month he added Liverpool winger John Jeffers to the squad for £35,000 , using the money he received from selling Steve Harper to Preston North End . To boost the side for the oncoming 1989–90 season , defender Neil Aspin was purchased from Leeds United for £150,000 , Aspin would play over 300 games for Vale in the next ten years . £125,000 was splashed out on striker Nicky Cross , who would play around 150 games over the next five years . Vale fans were not used to such purchases , but compared to other teams in the division , the money spent was quite modest . Now on a par with rivals Stoke City , both league games ended as draws , though Stoke were relegated in bottom place . Delighted with his team , he made few changes in preparation for the 1990–91 campaign . Vale once again finished comfortably in mid-table . £80,000 was spent on Dutch midfielder Robin van der Laan , over the next five years he would become a key player . In June 1992 , Rudge again broke the clubs transfer record , picking up striker Martin Foyle for £375,000 from Oxford United . Foyle would be a dominant figure at the club throughout the 1990s . The money for these acquisitions came from the sale of midfield dynamo Robbie Earle to Wimbledon . In 1991–92 , the club finished in last place , five points short of the safety of Oxford United . The club were still a Second Division club due to the creation of the Premier League , though they were now in the third tier . Ian Taylor became another masterstroke signing , after he was purchased from non-league Moor Green for £15,000 in May 1992 . Rudge managed his team to Wembley twice in 1993 , winning the Football League Trophy final 2–1 over Stockport County , but losing the play-off final 3–0 to West Bromwich Albion . His team had proved however that they were too good to remain in the third tier for long . In 1993–94 the club went up in second place , also beating top-flight Southampton in the FA Cup . At the end of the season , Ian Taylor was sold to Sheffield Wednesday , becoming the clubs first million pound sale . The club consolidated their First Division status in 1994–95 , finishing ten points above the drop . The money from Taylors sale was reinvested into £225,000 Steve Guppy from Newcastle United and £15,000 striker Tony Naylor from nearby Crewe Alexandra . Both men would prove to be good buys , Naylor being a three time top scorer . At the end of the season , Van der Laan was sold to Derby County for £475,000 plus Lee Mills . £450,000 of this sum was reinvested in York City midfielder Jon McCarthy . £50,000 was also spent on midfielder Ian Bogie . In 1995–96 , his team finished 12th in the First Division . Rudge had Port Vale playing some of the best football ever witnessed at Vale Park . This was mainly due to his perseverance with playing a standard 4–4–2 – employing wingers who became the focal point of much of the attacking play . The club achieved another giant-slaying by vanquishing Everton in the FA Cup . He also led Vale to the final of the Anglo-Italian Cup , where they lost out to Genoa . In 1996–97 , the club finished in eighth place , their best ever post-war finish . Once again they were the best side in the Potteries . In February , he sold Guppy to Martin ONeills Leicester City for £850,000 . Gareth Ainsworth was purchased for £500,000 from Lincoln City at the start of the 1997–98 season . This was paid for by the sale of McCarthy to Birmingham City for £1.5 million . Vale finished a disappointing 19th , a mere point away from relegation . At the start of the 1998–99 season , Ainsworth was sold to Wimbledon for £2 million . Mills was also sold to Bradford City for £1 million . The club came even closer to relegation , finishing above 22nd place Bury on goal difference . However Rudge had already departed , Chairman Bill Bell gave him the sack on 18 January 1999 . It truly was the end of an era at Vale Park . This caused outrage amongst Port Vale fans who held a flat cap protest ( Rudges headwear of choice ) to display their disgust . One last present from Rudge to the Vale fans was the signing of Marcus Bent for £300,000 from Crystal Palace , just days before Rudges sacking . However new manager Brian Horton let Bent go for £375,000 . In November 2000 , Bent was sold by Sheffield United to Blackburn Rovers for £2 million . Another star of the late Rudge era was Anthony Gardner . Gardner was retained by Vale , and was sold to Spurs for £1 million in January 2000 . Rudge was awarded £300,000 compensation by an employment tribunal . He had been at the helm for 843 Port Vale games . Following the dismissal , Sir Alex Ferguson said : Every Port Vale supporter should get down on their knees and thank The Lord for John Rudge . Director of football at Stoke City . Rudge was appointed as director of football at Stoke City in 1999 , after turning down the same role at Port Vale . Rudge had hoped to retire on his own terms at Vale and become a director of football at the club under a with someone like Robbie Earle as manager . He was offered the management job at Stoke but turned it down . He has never held ambitions of being appointed manager at Stoke , and has been Director of Football under five men : Gary Megson , Guðjón Þórðarson , Steve Cotterill , Johan Boskamp and Tony Pulis . On 2 November 2005 , he had a public fall-out with then manager Johan Boskamp at Highfield Road . Rudge went down the dug-out during the 2–1 win over Coventry City to give some advice to Boskamp . The Dutchman took offence to this and said to the board either he goes or I go , under the belief that Rudge had overstepped the mark . Rudge maintains though , that Boskamp used the incident as a ploy , in an attempt to be paid off by Stoke as the Dutchman couldnt handle the pressure of the English game . Rudge points to the evidence that he talked Boskamp out of quitting during the pre-season . Rudge and his assistant Jan de Koning were twice suspended by Stoke , after disagreements with Boskamp . Following Boskamps departure and the arrival of new chairman Peter Coates , Rudge was reinstated in his role . When the club achieved promotion to the Premier League in 2007–08 , Rudge was at a top-flight club for the first time since entering the game 46 years ago , in 1962 . Rudge left the Britannia Stadium at the end of the 2012–13 season in a major shake-up of the clubs scouting network . He left Stoke in May 2013 , ending a 14-year spell at the club . After leaving Stoke he then spent the next four years scouting for Hull City . Return to Port Vale . On 4 October 2017 , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role to assist his former defender Neil Aspin , who had just been appointed manager . He was appointed as club president on 10 August 2019 . Managerial style . Though he got his teams to play good football he was meticulous and rather cautious . He thoroughly researched opposition players and informed his players on weaknesses to exploit and strengths to watch out for . He was reluctant to use substitutions unless a player was injured as he believed in the first eleven he had selected could get the job done over the ninety minutes . He tended not to lose his temper after a bad performance , and instead Robbie Earle said that he had the ability to make you feel guilty about playing badly . He had the knack of spotting talented players , signing them cheaply , and then selling them on to bigger clubs for a large profit . As well as being an excellent judge of talent , he also had to be a skilled negotiator . In all he made a net income for Port Vale of almost £10 million in the transfer market . Career statistics . Playing statistics . Source : Honours . as a Player . - Bristol Rovers - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1973–74 as a Manager . - Port Vale - Football League Fourth Division fourth place promotion : 1985–86 - Football League Third Division play-offs : 1989 - Football League Trophy : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 - Anglo-Italian Cup runner-up : 1996 - Awards - Football League Third Division Manager of the Month : November 1988 - EFL Awards Contribution to League football : 2021 References . - General - Kent , Jeff . What If There Had Been No Port in the Vale? : Startling Port Vale Stories ! ( Witan Books , 2011 , ) - Specific
|
[
"Bristol Rovers"
] |
[
{
"text": " John Robert Rudge ( born 21 October 1944 ) is an English former football player and football manager who is now working as football adviser and club president at Port Vale .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "His playing career began at Huddersfield Town in November 1961 , but he made little impact at the club and was transferred to Carlisle United in December 1966 . In January 1969 he joined Torquay United , and twice finished as the clubs top scorer , before he moved on to Bristol Rovers in February 1972 . He helped the club to win promotion of the Third Division in 1973–74 , before departing for Bournemouth in March 1975 . His time on the coast was disrupted by injury , and he retired in 1977 . He scored a total of",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "78 goals in 267 league and cup appearances in a sixteen-year career in the English Football League .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "He managed Port Vale for a sixteen-year period between 1983 and 1999 , easily the longest spell in the clubs history . He masterminded some of the clubs most successful campaigns , leading them to promotion in 1985–86 , 1989 and 1993–94 ; he also led them to the Anglo-Italian Cup final in 1996 , and to victory in the Football League Trophy final in 1993 . However , he was sacked in January 1999 , and subsequently was appointed director of football at their rivals – Stoke City , a position he held until May 2013 . After working",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "as a scout at Hull City , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role in October 2017 .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "Born and raised in Wolverhampton , Rudge became a lifelong fan of Wolverhampton Wanderers . However , he turned professional at Second Division club Huddersfield Town in November 1961 . He made his debut under manager Eddie Boot in the 1962–63 campaign , and was given the residence of the recently departed Denis Law . He did not feature in 1963–64 , appeared just twice in 1964–65 , and did not get a game in 1965–66 . He played two games at the start of the 1966–67 season , before manager Tom Johnston allowed him a move to Second Division",
"title": "Huddersfield Town"
},
{
"text": "rivals Carlisle United in December 1966 .",
"title": "Huddersfield Town"
},
{
"text": " Rudge made an immediate impact at Brunton Park , scoring seven goals in 14 appearances , including a hat-trick in a 6–1 win over Bolton Wanderers , as Tim Wards Cumbrians finished third in 1966–67 , six points short of promotion . Over the course of the 1967–68 campaign he scored nine goals in 29 league and cup games , as Carlisle posted a tenth-place finish . He made just five goalless appearances in 1968–69 , and in January 1969 manager Bob Stokoe handed him a free transfer to Torquay United of the Third Division .",
"title": "Carlisle United"
},
{
"text": "He found the net just twice in 14 appearances before the end of the campaign for Allan Browns Gulls . He then found his form in 1969–70 , finishing as the clubs top scorer with 16 goals in 35 league and cup matches . He continued to regularly find the net in 1970–71 , hitting 21 goals in 43 appearances , as Torquay finished tenth . However , he scored just twice in 12 games in 1971–72 , as the club suffered relegation under Jack Edwards . Rudge escaped this fate as he left Plainmoor in February 1972 , signing",
"title": "Torquay United"
},
{
"text": "a contract with Bill Dodgins Bristol Rovers .",
"title": "Torquay United"
},
{
"text": " After three goals in eight games towards the end of the campaign , Rudge hit 12 goals in 29 appearances in 1972–73 , as the club pushed for promotion under new manager Don Megson . The Pirates achieved their goal in 1973–74 , as they finished runners-up of the Third Division ; however Rudge played only 15 games , scoring five goals . He featured just three times in 1974–75 , and moved on to John Bensons Bournemouth in March 1975 .",
"title": "Bristol Rovers"
},
{
"text": " Rudge played seven games for the Cherries , and could not prevent them from being relegated into the Fourth Division at the end of the campaign . He missed most of the 1975–76 season with a ruptured Achilles tendon , and made only 11 league appearances in 1976–77 , scoring twice . His career was ended at age 32 , owing to his Achilles tendon injury . He had scored a total of 78 goals in 267 appearances in all competitions .",
"title": "Bournemouth"
},
{
"text": " Manager of Port Vale . Following his retirement as a player , Rudge was made a coach at old club Torquay United . In January 1980 he was appointed as a coach at Port Vale , after Rudge was recommended to new manager John McGrath . Rudge was promoted to the position of assistant manager in December 1980 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Following the sacking of McGrath in December 1983 , Rudge was made caretaker manager at Port Vale . Under McGrath , the club had lost thirteen of their opening seventeen league games . The club had the third highest budget in the division , a weekly wage bill of three times that of the home gate receipts and were rooted to the foot of the table , nine points from their nearest competitors . Rudge understated things somewhat when he said : We cannot change things overnight . However , player Tommy Gore noted the players are in a more",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "determined mood . He signed left sided midfielder Kevin Young on loan , and switched Eamonn OKeefe from midfield to the attack . He was appointed as manager on a permanent basis on 9 March . He was unable to prevent relegation that year , though the club did avoid picking up the wooden spoon . Though Mark Bright and Robbie Earle were signed to Vale before Rudges appointment , he helped to nurture their talents , both were the first of many to develop into outstanding players under Rudge .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In reality , the task in 1984–85 was to arrest the decline . Rudge achieved this aim , slashing the wage bill to offset the clubs reduced income , the Vale finished 12th . Young striker Andy Jones was purchased for £3,000 from Rhyl . In 1985–86 , promotion was the target . An eighteen-game unbeaten run from January to April helped to win Vale a fourth place promotion place , seven points clear of fifth place Leyton Orient . At the end of the season , Rudge turned down an offer of the management job at Preston North End",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Major signings for the start of the 1986–87 season were Mark Grew and Ray Walker ( £12,000 from Aston Villa ) , who would feature heavily for the club in the coming years , as well as Paul Smith . Smith was purchased for £10,000 from Sheffield United and was sold for four times that figure to Lincoln City just over a year later . The club finished mid-table , twelve points above the drop . The winter signing of veteran Bob Hazell helped to shore up the Vales defence . At the end of the season , Bill Bell",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "was made the clubs chairman . Also Darren Beckford was signed from Manchester City for £15,000 . He would become the clubs top scorer for the next four seasons .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1987–88 , Vale were once again comfortable in mid-table . The cash-flow problem was eased by the sale of Andy Jones to Charlton Athletic for £350,000 . Rudge spent £75,000 for Simon Mills from York City , who would be a firm fixture in the first team for the next five seasons . On 20 January the club achieved a famous 2–0 victory over top-flight Spurs in the FA Cup . Before the cup run there were rumours that the directors were considering sacking Rudge due to a poor run of results in the league . The cup run",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "and the sale of Jones helped to put the club in the black financially for the first time in a long time .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "The 1988–89 season was highly successful , the club beating Bristol Rovers in the play-off Final . For the first time in thirty two years , Vale were in the Second Division . A new club record was set in January 1989 , as Rudge purchased classy defender Dean Glover from Middlesbrough for £200,000 . The next month he added Liverpool winger John Jeffers to the squad for £35,000 , using the money he received from selling Steve Harper to Preston North End . To boost the side for the oncoming 1989–90 season , defender Neil Aspin was purchased from",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Leeds United for £150,000 , Aspin would play over 300 games for Vale in the next ten years . £125,000 was splashed out on striker Nicky Cross , who would play around 150 games over the next five years . Vale fans were not used to such purchases , but compared to other teams in the division , the money spent was quite modest . Now on a par with rivals Stoke City , both league games ended as draws , though Stoke were relegated in bottom place .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Delighted with his team , he made few changes in preparation for the 1990–91 campaign . Vale once again finished comfortably in mid-table . £80,000 was spent on Dutch midfielder Robin van der Laan , over the next five years he would become a key player . In June 1992 , Rudge again broke the clubs transfer record , picking up striker Martin Foyle for £375,000 from Oxford United . Foyle would be a dominant figure at the club throughout the 1990s . The money for these acquisitions came from the sale of midfield dynamo Robbie Earle to Wimbledon .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1991–92 , the club finished in last place , five points short of the safety of Oxford United . The club were still a Second Division club due to the creation of the Premier League , though they were now in the third tier . Ian Taylor became another masterstroke signing , after he was purchased from non-league Moor Green for £15,000 in May 1992 . Rudge managed his team to Wembley twice in 1993 , winning the Football League Trophy final 2–1 over Stockport County , but losing the play-off final 3–0 to West Bromwich Albion . His",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "team had proved however that they were too good to remain in the third tier for long . In 1993–94 the club went up in second place , also beating top-flight Southampton in the FA Cup . At the end of the season , Ian Taylor was sold to Sheffield Wednesday , becoming the clubs first million pound sale .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "The club consolidated their First Division status in 1994–95 , finishing ten points above the drop . The money from Taylors sale was reinvested into £225,000 Steve Guppy from Newcastle United and £15,000 striker Tony Naylor from nearby Crewe Alexandra . Both men would prove to be good buys , Naylor being a three time top scorer . At the end of the season , Van der Laan was sold to Derby County for £475,000 plus Lee Mills . £450,000 of this sum was reinvested in York City midfielder Jon McCarthy . £50,000 was also spent on midfielder Ian Bogie",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " In 1995–96 , his team finished 12th in the First Division . Rudge had Port Vale playing some of the best football ever witnessed at Vale Park . This was mainly due to his perseverance with playing a standard 4–4–2 – employing wingers who became the focal point of much of the attacking play . The club achieved another giant-slaying by vanquishing Everton in the FA Cup . He also led Vale to the final of the Anglo-Italian Cup , where they lost out to Genoa .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1996–97 , the club finished in eighth place , their best ever post-war finish . Once again they were the best side in the Potteries . In February , he sold Guppy to Martin ONeills Leicester City for £850,000 . Gareth Ainsworth was purchased for £500,000 from Lincoln City at the start of the 1997–98 season . This was paid for by the sale of McCarthy to Birmingham City for £1.5 million . Vale finished a disappointing 19th , a mere point away from relegation .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " At the start of the 1998–99 season , Ainsworth was sold to Wimbledon for £2 million . Mills was also sold to Bradford City for £1 million . The club came even closer to relegation , finishing above 22nd place Bury on goal difference . However Rudge had already departed , Chairman Bill Bell gave him the sack on 18 January 1999 . It truly was the end of an era at Vale Park . This caused outrage amongst Port Vale fans who held a flat cap protest ( Rudges headwear of choice ) to display their disgust .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "One last present from Rudge to the Vale fans was the signing of Marcus Bent for £300,000 from Crystal Palace , just days before Rudges sacking . However new manager Brian Horton let Bent go for £375,000 . In November 2000 , Bent was sold by Sheffield United to Blackburn Rovers for £2 million . Another star of the late Rudge era was Anthony Gardner . Gardner was retained by Vale , and was sold to Spurs for £1 million in January 2000 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Rudge was awarded £300,000 compensation by an employment tribunal . He had been at the helm for 843 Port Vale games . Following the dismissal , Sir Alex Ferguson said : Every Port Vale supporter should get down on their knees and thank The Lord for John Rudge . Director of football at Stoke City .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge was appointed as director of football at Stoke City in 1999 , after turning down the same role at Port Vale . Rudge had hoped to retire on his own terms at Vale and become a director of football at the club under a with someone like Robbie Earle as manager . He was offered the management job at Stoke but turned it down . He has never held ambitions of being appointed manager at Stoke , and has been Director of Football under five men : Gary Megson , Guðjón Þórðarson , Steve Cotterill , Johan Boskamp and",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Tony Pulis .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "On 2 November 2005 , he had a public fall-out with then manager Johan Boskamp at Highfield Road . Rudge went down the dug-out during the 2–1 win over Coventry City to give some advice to Boskamp . The Dutchman took offence to this and said to the board either he goes or I go , under the belief that Rudge had overstepped the mark . Rudge maintains though , that Boskamp used the incident as a ploy , in an attempt to be paid off by Stoke as the Dutchman couldnt handle the pressure of the English game .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge points to the evidence that he talked Boskamp out of quitting during the pre-season .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Rudge and his assistant Jan de Koning were twice suspended by Stoke , after disagreements with Boskamp . Following Boskamps departure and the arrival of new chairman Peter Coates , Rudge was reinstated in his role . When the club achieved promotion to the Premier League in 2007–08 , Rudge was at a top-flight club for the first time since entering the game 46 years ago , in 1962 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge left the Britannia Stadium at the end of the 2012–13 season in a major shake-up of the clubs scouting network . He left Stoke in May 2013 , ending a 14-year spell at the club . After leaving Stoke he then spent the next four years scouting for Hull City .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Return to Port Vale . On 4 October 2017 , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role to assist his former defender Neil Aspin , who had just been appointed manager . He was appointed as club president on 10 August 2019 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Though he got his teams to play good football he was meticulous and rather cautious . He thoroughly researched opposition players and informed his players on weaknesses to exploit and strengths to watch out for . He was reluctant to use substitutions unless a player was injured as he believed in the first eleven he had selected could get the job done over the ninety minutes . He tended not to lose his temper after a bad performance , and instead Robbie Earle said that he had the ability to make you feel guilty about playing badly .",
"title": "Managerial style"
},
{
"text": "He had the knack of spotting talented players , signing them cheaply , and then selling them on to bigger clubs for a large profit . As well as being an excellent judge of talent , he also had to be a skilled negotiator . In all he made a net income for Port Vale of almost £10 million in the transfer market .",
"title": "Managerial style"
},
{
"text": " as a Player . - Bristol Rovers - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1973–74 as a Manager . - Port Vale - Football League Fourth Division fourth place promotion : 1985–86 - Football League Third Division play-offs : 1989 - Football League Trophy : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 - Anglo-Italian Cup runner-up : 1996 - Awards - Football League Third Division Manager of the Month : November 1988 - EFL Awards Contribution to League football : 2021",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - General - Kent , Jeff . What If There Had Been No Port in the Vale? : Startling Port Vale Stories ! ( Witan Books , 2011 , ) - Specific",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Rudge#P54#4
|
Which team did John Rudge play for in Feb 1975?
|
John Rudge John Robert Rudge ( born 21 October 1944 ) is an English former football player and football manager who is now working as football adviser and club president at Port Vale . His playing career began at Huddersfield Town in November 1961 , but he made little impact at the club and was transferred to Carlisle United in December 1966 . In January 1969 he joined Torquay United , and twice finished as the clubs top scorer , before he moved on to Bristol Rovers in February 1972 . He helped the club to win promotion of the Third Division in 1973–74 , before departing for Bournemouth in March 1975 . His time on the coast was disrupted by injury , and he retired in 1977 . He scored a total of 78 goals in 267 league and cup appearances in a sixteen-year career in the English Football League . He managed Port Vale for a sixteen-year period between 1983 and 1999 , easily the longest spell in the clubs history . He masterminded some of the clubs most successful campaigns , leading them to promotion in 1985–86 , 1989 and 1993–94 ; he also led them to the Anglo-Italian Cup final in 1996 , and to victory in the Football League Trophy final in 1993 . However , he was sacked in January 1999 , and subsequently was appointed director of football at their rivals – Stoke City , a position he held until May 2013 . After working as a scout at Hull City , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role in October 2017 . Playing career . Huddersfield Town . Born and raised in Wolverhampton , Rudge became a lifelong fan of Wolverhampton Wanderers . However , he turned professional at Second Division club Huddersfield Town in November 1961 . He made his debut under manager Eddie Boot in the 1962–63 campaign , and was given the residence of the recently departed Denis Law . He did not feature in 1963–64 , appeared just twice in 1964–65 , and did not get a game in 1965–66 . He played two games at the start of the 1966–67 season , before manager Tom Johnston allowed him a move to Second Division rivals Carlisle United in December 1966 . Carlisle United . Rudge made an immediate impact at Brunton Park , scoring seven goals in 14 appearances , including a hat-trick in a 6–1 win over Bolton Wanderers , as Tim Wards Cumbrians finished third in 1966–67 , six points short of promotion . Over the course of the 1967–68 campaign he scored nine goals in 29 league and cup games , as Carlisle posted a tenth-place finish . He made just five goalless appearances in 1968–69 , and in January 1969 manager Bob Stokoe handed him a free transfer to Torquay United of the Third Division . Torquay United . He found the net just twice in 14 appearances before the end of the campaign for Allan Browns Gulls . He then found his form in 1969–70 , finishing as the clubs top scorer with 16 goals in 35 league and cup matches . He continued to regularly find the net in 1970–71 , hitting 21 goals in 43 appearances , as Torquay finished tenth . However , he scored just twice in 12 games in 1971–72 , as the club suffered relegation under Jack Edwards . Rudge escaped this fate as he left Plainmoor in February 1972 , signing a contract with Bill Dodgins Bristol Rovers . Bristol Rovers . After three goals in eight games towards the end of the campaign , Rudge hit 12 goals in 29 appearances in 1972–73 , as the club pushed for promotion under new manager Don Megson . The Pirates achieved their goal in 1973–74 , as they finished runners-up of the Third Division ; however Rudge played only 15 games , scoring five goals . He featured just three times in 1974–75 , and moved on to John Bensons Bournemouth in March 1975 . Bournemouth . Rudge played seven games for the Cherries , and could not prevent them from being relegated into the Fourth Division at the end of the campaign . He missed most of the 1975–76 season with a ruptured Achilles tendon , and made only 11 league appearances in 1976–77 , scoring twice . His career was ended at age 32 , owing to his Achilles tendon injury . He had scored a total of 78 goals in 267 appearances in all competitions . Coaching career . Manager of Port Vale . Following his retirement as a player , Rudge was made a coach at old club Torquay United . In January 1980 he was appointed as a coach at Port Vale , after Rudge was recommended to new manager John McGrath . Rudge was promoted to the position of assistant manager in December 1980 . Following the sacking of McGrath in December 1983 , Rudge was made caretaker manager at Port Vale . Under McGrath , the club had lost thirteen of their opening seventeen league games . The club had the third highest budget in the division , a weekly wage bill of three times that of the home gate receipts and were rooted to the foot of the table , nine points from their nearest competitors . Rudge understated things somewhat when he said : We cannot change things overnight . However , player Tommy Gore noted the players are in a more determined mood . He signed left sided midfielder Kevin Young on loan , and switched Eamonn OKeefe from midfield to the attack . He was appointed as manager on a permanent basis on 9 March . He was unable to prevent relegation that year , though the club did avoid picking up the wooden spoon . Though Mark Bright and Robbie Earle were signed to Vale before Rudges appointment , he helped to nurture their talents , both were the first of many to develop into outstanding players under Rudge . In reality , the task in 1984–85 was to arrest the decline . Rudge achieved this aim , slashing the wage bill to offset the clubs reduced income , the Vale finished 12th . Young striker Andy Jones was purchased for £3,000 from Rhyl . In 1985–86 , promotion was the target . An eighteen-game unbeaten run from January to April helped to win Vale a fourth place promotion place , seven points clear of fifth place Leyton Orient . At the end of the season , Rudge turned down an offer of the management job at Preston North End . Major signings for the start of the 1986–87 season were Mark Grew and Ray Walker ( £12,000 from Aston Villa ) , who would feature heavily for the club in the coming years , as well as Paul Smith . Smith was purchased for £10,000 from Sheffield United and was sold for four times that figure to Lincoln City just over a year later . The club finished mid-table , twelve points above the drop . The winter signing of veteran Bob Hazell helped to shore up the Vales defence . At the end of the season , Bill Bell was made the clubs chairman . Also Darren Beckford was signed from Manchester City for £15,000 . He would become the clubs top scorer for the next four seasons . In 1987–88 , Vale were once again comfortable in mid-table . The cash-flow problem was eased by the sale of Andy Jones to Charlton Athletic for £350,000 . Rudge spent £75,000 for Simon Mills from York City , who would be a firm fixture in the first team for the next five seasons . On 20 January the club achieved a famous 2–0 victory over top-flight Spurs in the FA Cup . Before the cup run there were rumours that the directors were considering sacking Rudge due to a poor run of results in the league . The cup run and the sale of Jones helped to put the club in the black financially for the first time in a long time . The 1988–89 season was highly successful , the club beating Bristol Rovers in the play-off Final . For the first time in thirty two years , Vale were in the Second Division . A new club record was set in January 1989 , as Rudge purchased classy defender Dean Glover from Middlesbrough for £200,000 . The next month he added Liverpool winger John Jeffers to the squad for £35,000 , using the money he received from selling Steve Harper to Preston North End . To boost the side for the oncoming 1989–90 season , defender Neil Aspin was purchased from Leeds United for £150,000 , Aspin would play over 300 games for Vale in the next ten years . £125,000 was splashed out on striker Nicky Cross , who would play around 150 games over the next five years . Vale fans were not used to such purchases , but compared to other teams in the division , the money spent was quite modest . Now on a par with rivals Stoke City , both league games ended as draws , though Stoke were relegated in bottom place . Delighted with his team , he made few changes in preparation for the 1990–91 campaign . Vale once again finished comfortably in mid-table . £80,000 was spent on Dutch midfielder Robin van der Laan , over the next five years he would become a key player . In June 1992 , Rudge again broke the clubs transfer record , picking up striker Martin Foyle for £375,000 from Oxford United . Foyle would be a dominant figure at the club throughout the 1990s . The money for these acquisitions came from the sale of midfield dynamo Robbie Earle to Wimbledon . In 1991–92 , the club finished in last place , five points short of the safety of Oxford United . The club were still a Second Division club due to the creation of the Premier League , though they were now in the third tier . Ian Taylor became another masterstroke signing , after he was purchased from non-league Moor Green for £15,000 in May 1992 . Rudge managed his team to Wembley twice in 1993 , winning the Football League Trophy final 2–1 over Stockport County , but losing the play-off final 3–0 to West Bromwich Albion . His team had proved however that they were too good to remain in the third tier for long . In 1993–94 the club went up in second place , also beating top-flight Southampton in the FA Cup . At the end of the season , Ian Taylor was sold to Sheffield Wednesday , becoming the clubs first million pound sale . The club consolidated their First Division status in 1994–95 , finishing ten points above the drop . The money from Taylors sale was reinvested into £225,000 Steve Guppy from Newcastle United and £15,000 striker Tony Naylor from nearby Crewe Alexandra . Both men would prove to be good buys , Naylor being a three time top scorer . At the end of the season , Van der Laan was sold to Derby County for £475,000 plus Lee Mills . £450,000 of this sum was reinvested in York City midfielder Jon McCarthy . £50,000 was also spent on midfielder Ian Bogie . In 1995–96 , his team finished 12th in the First Division . Rudge had Port Vale playing some of the best football ever witnessed at Vale Park . This was mainly due to his perseverance with playing a standard 4–4–2 – employing wingers who became the focal point of much of the attacking play . The club achieved another giant-slaying by vanquishing Everton in the FA Cup . He also led Vale to the final of the Anglo-Italian Cup , where they lost out to Genoa . In 1996–97 , the club finished in eighth place , their best ever post-war finish . Once again they were the best side in the Potteries . In February , he sold Guppy to Martin ONeills Leicester City for £850,000 . Gareth Ainsworth was purchased for £500,000 from Lincoln City at the start of the 1997–98 season . This was paid for by the sale of McCarthy to Birmingham City for £1.5 million . Vale finished a disappointing 19th , a mere point away from relegation . At the start of the 1998–99 season , Ainsworth was sold to Wimbledon for £2 million . Mills was also sold to Bradford City for £1 million . The club came even closer to relegation , finishing above 22nd place Bury on goal difference . However Rudge had already departed , Chairman Bill Bell gave him the sack on 18 January 1999 . It truly was the end of an era at Vale Park . This caused outrage amongst Port Vale fans who held a flat cap protest ( Rudges headwear of choice ) to display their disgust . One last present from Rudge to the Vale fans was the signing of Marcus Bent for £300,000 from Crystal Palace , just days before Rudges sacking . However new manager Brian Horton let Bent go for £375,000 . In November 2000 , Bent was sold by Sheffield United to Blackburn Rovers for £2 million . Another star of the late Rudge era was Anthony Gardner . Gardner was retained by Vale , and was sold to Spurs for £1 million in January 2000 . Rudge was awarded £300,000 compensation by an employment tribunal . He had been at the helm for 843 Port Vale games . Following the dismissal , Sir Alex Ferguson said : Every Port Vale supporter should get down on their knees and thank The Lord for John Rudge . Director of football at Stoke City . Rudge was appointed as director of football at Stoke City in 1999 , after turning down the same role at Port Vale . Rudge had hoped to retire on his own terms at Vale and become a director of football at the club under a with someone like Robbie Earle as manager . He was offered the management job at Stoke but turned it down . He has never held ambitions of being appointed manager at Stoke , and has been Director of Football under five men : Gary Megson , Guðjón Þórðarson , Steve Cotterill , Johan Boskamp and Tony Pulis . On 2 November 2005 , he had a public fall-out with then manager Johan Boskamp at Highfield Road . Rudge went down the dug-out during the 2–1 win over Coventry City to give some advice to Boskamp . The Dutchman took offence to this and said to the board either he goes or I go , under the belief that Rudge had overstepped the mark . Rudge maintains though , that Boskamp used the incident as a ploy , in an attempt to be paid off by Stoke as the Dutchman couldnt handle the pressure of the English game . Rudge points to the evidence that he talked Boskamp out of quitting during the pre-season . Rudge and his assistant Jan de Koning were twice suspended by Stoke , after disagreements with Boskamp . Following Boskamps departure and the arrival of new chairman Peter Coates , Rudge was reinstated in his role . When the club achieved promotion to the Premier League in 2007–08 , Rudge was at a top-flight club for the first time since entering the game 46 years ago , in 1962 . Rudge left the Britannia Stadium at the end of the 2012–13 season in a major shake-up of the clubs scouting network . He left Stoke in May 2013 , ending a 14-year spell at the club . After leaving Stoke he then spent the next four years scouting for Hull City . Return to Port Vale . On 4 October 2017 , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role to assist his former defender Neil Aspin , who had just been appointed manager . He was appointed as club president on 10 August 2019 . Managerial style . Though he got his teams to play good football he was meticulous and rather cautious . He thoroughly researched opposition players and informed his players on weaknesses to exploit and strengths to watch out for . He was reluctant to use substitutions unless a player was injured as he believed in the first eleven he had selected could get the job done over the ninety minutes . He tended not to lose his temper after a bad performance , and instead Robbie Earle said that he had the ability to make you feel guilty about playing badly . He had the knack of spotting talented players , signing them cheaply , and then selling them on to bigger clubs for a large profit . As well as being an excellent judge of talent , he also had to be a skilled negotiator . In all he made a net income for Port Vale of almost £10 million in the transfer market . Career statistics . Playing statistics . Source : Honours . as a Player . - Bristol Rovers - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1973–74 as a Manager . - Port Vale - Football League Fourth Division fourth place promotion : 1985–86 - Football League Third Division play-offs : 1989 - Football League Trophy : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 - Anglo-Italian Cup runner-up : 1996 - Awards - Football League Third Division Manager of the Month : November 1988 - EFL Awards Contribution to League football : 2021 References . - General - Kent , Jeff . What If There Had Been No Port in the Vale? : Startling Port Vale Stories ! ( Witan Books , 2011 , ) - Specific
|
[
"Bournemouth"
] |
[
{
"text": " John Robert Rudge ( born 21 October 1944 ) is an English former football player and football manager who is now working as football adviser and club president at Port Vale .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "His playing career began at Huddersfield Town in November 1961 , but he made little impact at the club and was transferred to Carlisle United in December 1966 . In January 1969 he joined Torquay United , and twice finished as the clubs top scorer , before he moved on to Bristol Rovers in February 1972 . He helped the club to win promotion of the Third Division in 1973–74 , before departing for Bournemouth in March 1975 . His time on the coast was disrupted by injury , and he retired in 1977 . He scored a total of",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "78 goals in 267 league and cup appearances in a sixteen-year career in the English Football League .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "He managed Port Vale for a sixteen-year period between 1983 and 1999 , easily the longest spell in the clubs history . He masterminded some of the clubs most successful campaigns , leading them to promotion in 1985–86 , 1989 and 1993–94 ; he also led them to the Anglo-Italian Cup final in 1996 , and to victory in the Football League Trophy final in 1993 . However , he was sacked in January 1999 , and subsequently was appointed director of football at their rivals – Stoke City , a position he held until May 2013 . After working",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "as a scout at Hull City , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role in October 2017 .",
"title": "John Rudge"
},
{
"text": "Born and raised in Wolverhampton , Rudge became a lifelong fan of Wolverhampton Wanderers . However , he turned professional at Second Division club Huddersfield Town in November 1961 . He made his debut under manager Eddie Boot in the 1962–63 campaign , and was given the residence of the recently departed Denis Law . He did not feature in 1963–64 , appeared just twice in 1964–65 , and did not get a game in 1965–66 . He played two games at the start of the 1966–67 season , before manager Tom Johnston allowed him a move to Second Division",
"title": "Huddersfield Town"
},
{
"text": "rivals Carlisle United in December 1966 .",
"title": "Huddersfield Town"
},
{
"text": " Rudge made an immediate impact at Brunton Park , scoring seven goals in 14 appearances , including a hat-trick in a 6–1 win over Bolton Wanderers , as Tim Wards Cumbrians finished third in 1966–67 , six points short of promotion . Over the course of the 1967–68 campaign he scored nine goals in 29 league and cup games , as Carlisle posted a tenth-place finish . He made just five goalless appearances in 1968–69 , and in January 1969 manager Bob Stokoe handed him a free transfer to Torquay United of the Third Division .",
"title": "Carlisle United"
},
{
"text": "He found the net just twice in 14 appearances before the end of the campaign for Allan Browns Gulls . He then found his form in 1969–70 , finishing as the clubs top scorer with 16 goals in 35 league and cup matches . He continued to regularly find the net in 1970–71 , hitting 21 goals in 43 appearances , as Torquay finished tenth . However , he scored just twice in 12 games in 1971–72 , as the club suffered relegation under Jack Edwards . Rudge escaped this fate as he left Plainmoor in February 1972 , signing",
"title": "Torquay United"
},
{
"text": "a contract with Bill Dodgins Bristol Rovers .",
"title": "Torquay United"
},
{
"text": " After three goals in eight games towards the end of the campaign , Rudge hit 12 goals in 29 appearances in 1972–73 , as the club pushed for promotion under new manager Don Megson . The Pirates achieved their goal in 1973–74 , as they finished runners-up of the Third Division ; however Rudge played only 15 games , scoring five goals . He featured just three times in 1974–75 , and moved on to John Bensons Bournemouth in March 1975 .",
"title": "Bristol Rovers"
},
{
"text": " Rudge played seven games for the Cherries , and could not prevent them from being relegated into the Fourth Division at the end of the campaign . He missed most of the 1975–76 season with a ruptured Achilles tendon , and made only 11 league appearances in 1976–77 , scoring twice . His career was ended at age 32 , owing to his Achilles tendon injury . He had scored a total of 78 goals in 267 appearances in all competitions .",
"title": "Bournemouth"
},
{
"text": " Manager of Port Vale . Following his retirement as a player , Rudge was made a coach at old club Torquay United . In January 1980 he was appointed as a coach at Port Vale , after Rudge was recommended to new manager John McGrath . Rudge was promoted to the position of assistant manager in December 1980 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Following the sacking of McGrath in December 1983 , Rudge was made caretaker manager at Port Vale . Under McGrath , the club had lost thirteen of their opening seventeen league games . The club had the third highest budget in the division , a weekly wage bill of three times that of the home gate receipts and were rooted to the foot of the table , nine points from their nearest competitors . Rudge understated things somewhat when he said : We cannot change things overnight . However , player Tommy Gore noted the players are in a more",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "determined mood . He signed left sided midfielder Kevin Young on loan , and switched Eamonn OKeefe from midfield to the attack . He was appointed as manager on a permanent basis on 9 March . He was unable to prevent relegation that year , though the club did avoid picking up the wooden spoon . Though Mark Bright and Robbie Earle were signed to Vale before Rudges appointment , he helped to nurture their talents , both were the first of many to develop into outstanding players under Rudge .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In reality , the task in 1984–85 was to arrest the decline . Rudge achieved this aim , slashing the wage bill to offset the clubs reduced income , the Vale finished 12th . Young striker Andy Jones was purchased for £3,000 from Rhyl . In 1985–86 , promotion was the target . An eighteen-game unbeaten run from January to April helped to win Vale a fourth place promotion place , seven points clear of fifth place Leyton Orient . At the end of the season , Rudge turned down an offer of the management job at Preston North End",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Major signings for the start of the 1986–87 season were Mark Grew and Ray Walker ( £12,000 from Aston Villa ) , who would feature heavily for the club in the coming years , as well as Paul Smith . Smith was purchased for £10,000 from Sheffield United and was sold for four times that figure to Lincoln City just over a year later . The club finished mid-table , twelve points above the drop . The winter signing of veteran Bob Hazell helped to shore up the Vales defence . At the end of the season , Bill Bell",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "was made the clubs chairman . Also Darren Beckford was signed from Manchester City for £15,000 . He would become the clubs top scorer for the next four seasons .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1987–88 , Vale were once again comfortable in mid-table . The cash-flow problem was eased by the sale of Andy Jones to Charlton Athletic for £350,000 . Rudge spent £75,000 for Simon Mills from York City , who would be a firm fixture in the first team for the next five seasons . On 20 January the club achieved a famous 2–0 victory over top-flight Spurs in the FA Cup . Before the cup run there were rumours that the directors were considering sacking Rudge due to a poor run of results in the league . The cup run",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "and the sale of Jones helped to put the club in the black financially for the first time in a long time .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "The 1988–89 season was highly successful , the club beating Bristol Rovers in the play-off Final . For the first time in thirty two years , Vale were in the Second Division . A new club record was set in January 1989 , as Rudge purchased classy defender Dean Glover from Middlesbrough for £200,000 . The next month he added Liverpool winger John Jeffers to the squad for £35,000 , using the money he received from selling Steve Harper to Preston North End . To boost the side for the oncoming 1989–90 season , defender Neil Aspin was purchased from",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Leeds United for £150,000 , Aspin would play over 300 games for Vale in the next ten years . £125,000 was splashed out on striker Nicky Cross , who would play around 150 games over the next five years . Vale fans were not used to such purchases , but compared to other teams in the division , the money spent was quite modest . Now on a par with rivals Stoke City , both league games ended as draws , though Stoke were relegated in bottom place .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Delighted with his team , he made few changes in preparation for the 1990–91 campaign . Vale once again finished comfortably in mid-table . £80,000 was spent on Dutch midfielder Robin van der Laan , over the next five years he would become a key player . In June 1992 , Rudge again broke the clubs transfer record , picking up striker Martin Foyle for £375,000 from Oxford United . Foyle would be a dominant figure at the club throughout the 1990s . The money for these acquisitions came from the sale of midfield dynamo Robbie Earle to Wimbledon .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1991–92 , the club finished in last place , five points short of the safety of Oxford United . The club were still a Second Division club due to the creation of the Premier League , though they were now in the third tier . Ian Taylor became another masterstroke signing , after he was purchased from non-league Moor Green for £15,000 in May 1992 . Rudge managed his team to Wembley twice in 1993 , winning the Football League Trophy final 2–1 over Stockport County , but losing the play-off final 3–0 to West Bromwich Albion . His",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "team had proved however that they were too good to remain in the third tier for long . In 1993–94 the club went up in second place , also beating top-flight Southampton in the FA Cup . At the end of the season , Ian Taylor was sold to Sheffield Wednesday , becoming the clubs first million pound sale .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "The club consolidated their First Division status in 1994–95 , finishing ten points above the drop . The money from Taylors sale was reinvested into £225,000 Steve Guppy from Newcastle United and £15,000 striker Tony Naylor from nearby Crewe Alexandra . Both men would prove to be good buys , Naylor being a three time top scorer . At the end of the season , Van der Laan was sold to Derby County for £475,000 plus Lee Mills . £450,000 of this sum was reinvested in York City midfielder Jon McCarthy . £50,000 was also spent on midfielder Ian Bogie",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " In 1995–96 , his team finished 12th in the First Division . Rudge had Port Vale playing some of the best football ever witnessed at Vale Park . This was mainly due to his perseverance with playing a standard 4–4–2 – employing wingers who became the focal point of much of the attacking play . The club achieved another giant-slaying by vanquishing Everton in the FA Cup . He also led Vale to the final of the Anglo-Italian Cup , where they lost out to Genoa .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "In 1996–97 , the club finished in eighth place , their best ever post-war finish . Once again they were the best side in the Potteries . In February , he sold Guppy to Martin ONeills Leicester City for £850,000 . Gareth Ainsworth was purchased for £500,000 from Lincoln City at the start of the 1997–98 season . This was paid for by the sale of McCarthy to Birmingham City for £1.5 million . Vale finished a disappointing 19th , a mere point away from relegation .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " At the start of the 1998–99 season , Ainsworth was sold to Wimbledon for £2 million . Mills was also sold to Bradford City for £1 million . The club came even closer to relegation , finishing above 22nd place Bury on goal difference . However Rudge had already departed , Chairman Bill Bell gave him the sack on 18 January 1999 . It truly was the end of an era at Vale Park . This caused outrage amongst Port Vale fans who held a flat cap protest ( Rudges headwear of choice ) to display their disgust .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "One last present from Rudge to the Vale fans was the signing of Marcus Bent for £300,000 from Crystal Palace , just days before Rudges sacking . However new manager Brian Horton let Bent go for £375,000 . In November 2000 , Bent was sold by Sheffield United to Blackburn Rovers for £2 million . Another star of the late Rudge era was Anthony Gardner . Gardner was retained by Vale , and was sold to Spurs for £1 million in January 2000 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Rudge was awarded £300,000 compensation by an employment tribunal . He had been at the helm for 843 Port Vale games . Following the dismissal , Sir Alex Ferguson said : Every Port Vale supporter should get down on their knees and thank The Lord for John Rudge . Director of football at Stoke City .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge was appointed as director of football at Stoke City in 1999 , after turning down the same role at Port Vale . Rudge had hoped to retire on his own terms at Vale and become a director of football at the club under a with someone like Robbie Earle as manager . He was offered the management job at Stoke but turned it down . He has never held ambitions of being appointed manager at Stoke , and has been Director of Football under five men : Gary Megson , Guðjón Þórðarson , Steve Cotterill , Johan Boskamp and",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Tony Pulis .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "On 2 November 2005 , he had a public fall-out with then manager Johan Boskamp at Highfield Road . Rudge went down the dug-out during the 2–1 win over Coventry City to give some advice to Boskamp . The Dutchman took offence to this and said to the board either he goes or I go , under the belief that Rudge had overstepped the mark . Rudge maintains though , that Boskamp used the incident as a ploy , in an attempt to be paid off by Stoke as the Dutchman couldnt handle the pressure of the English game .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge points to the evidence that he talked Boskamp out of quitting during the pre-season .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Rudge and his assistant Jan de Koning were twice suspended by Stoke , after disagreements with Boskamp . Following Boskamps departure and the arrival of new chairman Peter Coates , Rudge was reinstated in his role . When the club achieved promotion to the Premier League in 2007–08 , Rudge was at a top-flight club for the first time since entering the game 46 years ago , in 1962 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": "Rudge left the Britannia Stadium at the end of the 2012–13 season in a major shake-up of the clubs scouting network . He left Stoke in May 2013 , ending a 14-year spell at the club . After leaving Stoke he then spent the next four years scouting for Hull City .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Return to Port Vale . On 4 October 2017 , he returned to Port Vale in an advisory role to assist his former defender Neil Aspin , who had just been appointed manager . He was appointed as club president on 10 August 2019 .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Though he got his teams to play good football he was meticulous and rather cautious . He thoroughly researched opposition players and informed his players on weaknesses to exploit and strengths to watch out for . He was reluctant to use substitutions unless a player was injured as he believed in the first eleven he had selected could get the job done over the ninety minutes . He tended not to lose his temper after a bad performance , and instead Robbie Earle said that he had the ability to make you feel guilty about playing badly .",
"title": "Managerial style"
},
{
"text": "He had the knack of spotting talented players , signing them cheaply , and then selling them on to bigger clubs for a large profit . As well as being an excellent judge of talent , he also had to be a skilled negotiator . In all he made a net income for Port Vale of almost £10 million in the transfer market .",
"title": "Managerial style"
},
{
"text": " as a Player . - Bristol Rovers - Football League Third Division runner-up : 1973–74 as a Manager . - Port Vale - Football League Fourth Division fourth place promotion : 1985–86 - Football League Third Division play-offs : 1989 - Football League Trophy : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 - Anglo-Italian Cup runner-up : 1996 - Awards - Football League Third Division Manager of the Month : November 1988 - EFL Awards Contribution to League football : 2021",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - General - Kent , Jeff . What If There Had Been No Port in the Vale? : Startling Port Vale Stories ! ( Witan Books , 2011 , ) - Specific",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Piasecki_Helicopter#P1448#0
|
Piasecki Helicopter was officially named what between Sep 1943 and Nov 1943?
|
Piasecki Helicopter Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was a designer and manufacturer of helicopters located in Philadelphia and nearby Morton , Pennsylvania , in the late 1940s and the 1950s . Its founder , Frank Piasecki , was ousted from the company in 1956 and started a new company , Piasecki Aircraft . Piasecki Helicopter was renamed Vertol Corporation in early 1956 . Vertol was acquired by Boeing in 1960 and renamed Boeing Vertol . History . The Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was founded in 1940 by Frank Piasecki and fellow aeronautics student Harold Venzie as the P-V Engineering Forum ( shortened from Piasecki-Venzie ) ; the other partners were F.J . Kosloski , Donald N . Meyers , Elliott Daland , and Walter Swartz . The first design from P-V Engineering was the PV-1 , a rotorless-tail design that used a tapering tail cone and pressurized air to suppress main rotor torque . Venzie left the firm in 1943 . The PV-2 ( NX-37061 ) was a more conventional design and became the second helicopter flown in the United States ( following Igor Sikorskys VS-300 ) . It was designed and flown by Frank Piasecki on April 11 , 1943 . Piasecki had limited pilot experience ; the PV-2 was tethered to the ground as a safety measure , but the clothesline he used broke . He towed the helicopter behind his car in October 1943 to Washington , DC to demonstrate it to federal government officials ; because the wheels had no bearings , he had to stop every 10 to 15 minutes to cool them . When asked to show his pilots license following the demonstration in Washington , Piasecki admitted he did not have one and he was issued the first helicopter pilots license on October 20 , 1943 , by the Civil Aviation Administration . Tandem rotor designs . With the successful demonstration of the PV-2 , Piasecki convinced the United States Navy to fund the development of a follow-on prototype , signing a contract on January 1 , 1944 ; this marked the start of the design and sale of a series of tandem rotor helicopters to the Navy . The resulting PV-3 became the worlds first successful tandem rotor design . The PV-3 first flew on March 7 , 1945 and bore the Navy designation XHRP-X ; it was larger and capable of lifting more than the contemporary Sikorsky designs . Because P-V Engineering lacked the capital to fund production , the company was reorganized and renamed to the Piasecki Helicopter Corporation in 1946 , with Laurance Rockefeller and A . Felix du Pont Jr . taking a controlling interest of 51% interest in exchange for $500,000 . After constructing two more prototypes ( designated XHRP-1 ) , the PV-3 would go into production as the HRP-1 in 1947 . The HRP-1 was commonly nicknamed the flying banana because of the upward angle of the aft fuselage which ensured the large rotors did not hit each other in flight , and because the United States Coast Guard , which used the HRP-1 for long-range rescue operations , painted their units yellow . The name would later be applied to other Piasecki tandem-rotor helicopters of similar design . An evolutionary follow-on design to the HRP-1 , designated HRP-2 , used an all-metal skin and switched crew seating to side-by-side instead of tandem ; however , the limited power meant only five were built , all for the Coast Guard . In 1949 , Piasecki provided the H-21 Workhorse to the United States Air Force , an improved version of the HRP-2 with a more powerful Wright R-1820 Cyclone radial engine . Piaseckis tandem-rotor helicopters flew higher than competing single rotor designs , and offered a smoother ride . At approximately the same time the HRP-1 and HRP-2 were being developed , the Navy commissioned Piasecki to design a smaller tandem-rotor utility helicopter ; the resulting prototype , which Piasecki called the PV-14 , was designated XHJP-1 . These went into production as the HUP-1 ( PV-18 ) , with the first variants delivered to both the Navy and the United States Army ( as the H-25 ) in 1949 ; in total , 339 were delivered to the militaries of the United States , Canada , and France by 1954 . The HUP was designed with overlapping main rotor blades , which reduced the size so they could be carried on aircraft carrier elevators . Piasecki is forced out . Don R . Berlin was brought in as president and director of Piasecki Helicopters in 1953 , while Frank Piasecki was chairman of the board . Under Piasecki , the company began the PV-15 large transport tandem helicopter project ( designated H-16 ) . The prototype PV-15 was first flown in 1953 , but a fatal crash in January 1956 led to the cancellation of the project . The majority owners eventually lost faith in Frank Piaseckis leadership and by May 1956 he was forced out of the company . He had formed a new company , Piasecki Aircraft Corporation to pursue the development of compound helicopters and other rotorcraft . In two successive special stockholders meetings the board then changed the name of Piasecki Helicopter to Vertol ( for vertical take-off and landing ) Aircraft Corporation and amended the bylaws to bar Piaseckis re-election as a director , on the grounds that he was running a rival company . Acquisition by Boeing . In 1956 , Vertol began developing a successor to the HUP with improved lift capacity by using turboshaft engines . The project was designated Vertol Model 107 ( V-107 ) , and a prototype first flew on April 22 , 1958 . Impressed , the Army awarded a contract for ten production aircraft ( then designated YHC-1A ) in June and later asked Vertol in March 1959 to produce a larger version , which was designated V-114 . With the pressure to produce two relatively new designs , Vertol again ran into financial pressure and was acquired by Boeing on March 30 , 1960 , who renamed it Boeing Vertol . It became the Boeing Helicopter Division in 1987 .
|
[
"P-V Engineering Forum"
] |
[
{
"text": " Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was a designer and manufacturer of helicopters located in Philadelphia and nearby Morton , Pennsylvania , in the late 1940s and the 1950s . Its founder , Frank Piasecki , was ousted from the company in 1956 and started a new company , Piasecki Aircraft . Piasecki Helicopter was renamed Vertol Corporation in early 1956 . Vertol was acquired by Boeing in 1960 and renamed Boeing Vertol .",
"title": "Piasecki Helicopter"
},
{
"text": " The Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was founded in 1940 by Frank Piasecki and fellow aeronautics student Harold Venzie as the P-V Engineering Forum ( shortened from Piasecki-Venzie ) ; the other partners were F.J . Kosloski , Donald N . Meyers , Elliott Daland , and Walter Swartz . The first design from P-V Engineering was the PV-1 , a rotorless-tail design that used a tapering tail cone and pressurized air to suppress main rotor torque . Venzie left the firm in 1943 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The PV-2 ( NX-37061 ) was a more conventional design and became the second helicopter flown in the United States ( following Igor Sikorskys VS-300 ) . It was designed and flown by Frank Piasecki on April 11 , 1943 . Piasecki had limited pilot experience ; the PV-2 was tethered to the ground as a safety measure , but the clothesline he used broke . He towed the helicopter behind his car in October 1943 to Washington , DC to demonstrate it to federal government officials ; because the wheels had no bearings , he had to stop every",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "10 to 15 minutes to cool them . When asked to show his pilots license following the demonstration in Washington , Piasecki admitted he did not have one and he was issued the first helicopter pilots license on October 20 , 1943 , by the Civil Aviation Administration .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " With the successful demonstration of the PV-2 , Piasecki convinced the United States Navy to fund the development of a follow-on prototype , signing a contract on January 1 , 1944 ; this marked the start of the design and sale of a series of tandem rotor helicopters to the Navy . The resulting PV-3 became the worlds first successful tandem rotor design . The PV-3 first flew on March 7 , 1945 and bore the Navy designation XHRP-X ; it was larger and capable of lifting more than the contemporary Sikorsky designs .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "Because P-V Engineering lacked the capital to fund production , the company was reorganized and renamed to the Piasecki Helicopter Corporation in 1946 , with Laurance Rockefeller and A . Felix du Pont Jr . taking a controlling interest of 51% interest in exchange for $500,000 . After constructing two more prototypes ( designated XHRP-1 ) , the PV-3 would go into production as the HRP-1 in 1947 . The HRP-1 was commonly nicknamed the flying banana because of the upward angle of the aft fuselage which ensured the large rotors did not hit each other in flight , and",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "because the United States Coast Guard , which used the HRP-1 for long-range rescue operations , painted their units yellow . The name would later be applied to other Piasecki tandem-rotor helicopters of similar design .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": " An evolutionary follow-on design to the HRP-1 , designated HRP-2 , used an all-metal skin and switched crew seating to side-by-side instead of tandem ; however , the limited power meant only five were built , all for the Coast Guard . In 1949 , Piasecki provided the H-21 Workhorse to the United States Air Force , an improved version of the HRP-2 with a more powerful Wright R-1820 Cyclone radial engine . Piaseckis tandem-rotor helicopters flew higher than competing single rotor designs , and offered a smoother ride .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "At approximately the same time the HRP-1 and HRP-2 were being developed , the Navy commissioned Piasecki to design a smaller tandem-rotor utility helicopter ; the resulting prototype , which Piasecki called the PV-14 , was designated XHJP-1 . These went into production as the HUP-1 ( PV-18 ) , with the first variants delivered to both the Navy and the United States Army ( as the H-25 ) in 1949 ; in total , 339 were delivered to the militaries of the United States , Canada , and France by 1954 . The HUP was designed with overlapping main",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "rotor blades , which reduced the size so they could be carried on aircraft carrier elevators .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": " Piasecki is forced out . Don R . Berlin was brought in as president and director of Piasecki Helicopters in 1953 , while Frank Piasecki was chairman of the board . Under Piasecki , the company began the PV-15 large transport tandem helicopter project ( designated H-16 ) . The prototype PV-15 was first flown in 1953 , but a fatal crash in January 1956 led to the cancellation of the project .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "The majority owners eventually lost faith in Frank Piaseckis leadership and by May 1956 he was forced out of the company . He had formed a new company , Piasecki Aircraft Corporation to pursue the development of compound helicopters and other rotorcraft . In two successive special stockholders meetings the board then changed the name of Piasecki Helicopter to Vertol ( for vertical take-off and landing ) Aircraft Corporation and amended the bylaws to bar Piaseckis re-election as a director , on the grounds that he was running a rival company .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "In 1956 , Vertol began developing a successor to the HUP with improved lift capacity by using turboshaft engines . The project was designated Vertol Model 107 ( V-107 ) , and a prototype first flew on April 22 , 1958 . Impressed , the Army awarded a contract for ten production aircraft ( then designated YHC-1A ) in June and later asked Vertol in March 1959 to produce a larger version , which was designated V-114 . With the pressure to produce two relatively new designs , Vertol again ran into financial pressure and was acquired by Boeing on",
"title": "Acquisition by Boeing"
},
{
"text": "March 30 , 1960 , who renamed it Boeing Vertol . It became the Boeing Helicopter Division in 1987 .",
"title": "Acquisition by Boeing"
}
] |
/wiki/Piasecki_Helicopter#P1448#1
|
Piasecki Helicopter was officially named what between Oct 1947 and Dec 1950?
|
Piasecki Helicopter Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was a designer and manufacturer of helicopters located in Philadelphia and nearby Morton , Pennsylvania , in the late 1940s and the 1950s . Its founder , Frank Piasecki , was ousted from the company in 1956 and started a new company , Piasecki Aircraft . Piasecki Helicopter was renamed Vertol Corporation in early 1956 . Vertol was acquired by Boeing in 1960 and renamed Boeing Vertol . History . The Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was founded in 1940 by Frank Piasecki and fellow aeronautics student Harold Venzie as the P-V Engineering Forum ( shortened from Piasecki-Venzie ) ; the other partners were F.J . Kosloski , Donald N . Meyers , Elliott Daland , and Walter Swartz . The first design from P-V Engineering was the PV-1 , a rotorless-tail design that used a tapering tail cone and pressurized air to suppress main rotor torque . Venzie left the firm in 1943 . The PV-2 ( NX-37061 ) was a more conventional design and became the second helicopter flown in the United States ( following Igor Sikorskys VS-300 ) . It was designed and flown by Frank Piasecki on April 11 , 1943 . Piasecki had limited pilot experience ; the PV-2 was tethered to the ground as a safety measure , but the clothesline he used broke . He towed the helicopter behind his car in October 1943 to Washington , DC to demonstrate it to federal government officials ; because the wheels had no bearings , he had to stop every 10 to 15 minutes to cool them . When asked to show his pilots license following the demonstration in Washington , Piasecki admitted he did not have one and he was issued the first helicopter pilots license on October 20 , 1943 , by the Civil Aviation Administration . Tandem rotor designs . With the successful demonstration of the PV-2 , Piasecki convinced the United States Navy to fund the development of a follow-on prototype , signing a contract on January 1 , 1944 ; this marked the start of the design and sale of a series of tandem rotor helicopters to the Navy . The resulting PV-3 became the worlds first successful tandem rotor design . The PV-3 first flew on March 7 , 1945 and bore the Navy designation XHRP-X ; it was larger and capable of lifting more than the contemporary Sikorsky designs . Because P-V Engineering lacked the capital to fund production , the company was reorganized and renamed to the Piasecki Helicopter Corporation in 1946 , with Laurance Rockefeller and A . Felix du Pont Jr . taking a controlling interest of 51% interest in exchange for $500,000 . After constructing two more prototypes ( designated XHRP-1 ) , the PV-3 would go into production as the HRP-1 in 1947 . The HRP-1 was commonly nicknamed the flying banana because of the upward angle of the aft fuselage which ensured the large rotors did not hit each other in flight , and because the United States Coast Guard , which used the HRP-1 for long-range rescue operations , painted their units yellow . The name would later be applied to other Piasecki tandem-rotor helicopters of similar design . An evolutionary follow-on design to the HRP-1 , designated HRP-2 , used an all-metal skin and switched crew seating to side-by-side instead of tandem ; however , the limited power meant only five were built , all for the Coast Guard . In 1949 , Piasecki provided the H-21 Workhorse to the United States Air Force , an improved version of the HRP-2 with a more powerful Wright R-1820 Cyclone radial engine . Piaseckis tandem-rotor helicopters flew higher than competing single rotor designs , and offered a smoother ride . At approximately the same time the HRP-1 and HRP-2 were being developed , the Navy commissioned Piasecki to design a smaller tandem-rotor utility helicopter ; the resulting prototype , which Piasecki called the PV-14 , was designated XHJP-1 . These went into production as the HUP-1 ( PV-18 ) , with the first variants delivered to both the Navy and the United States Army ( as the H-25 ) in 1949 ; in total , 339 were delivered to the militaries of the United States , Canada , and France by 1954 . The HUP was designed with overlapping main rotor blades , which reduced the size so they could be carried on aircraft carrier elevators . Piasecki is forced out . Don R . Berlin was brought in as president and director of Piasecki Helicopters in 1953 , while Frank Piasecki was chairman of the board . Under Piasecki , the company began the PV-15 large transport tandem helicopter project ( designated H-16 ) . The prototype PV-15 was first flown in 1953 , but a fatal crash in January 1956 led to the cancellation of the project . The majority owners eventually lost faith in Frank Piaseckis leadership and by May 1956 he was forced out of the company . He had formed a new company , Piasecki Aircraft Corporation to pursue the development of compound helicopters and other rotorcraft . In two successive special stockholders meetings the board then changed the name of Piasecki Helicopter to Vertol ( for vertical take-off and landing ) Aircraft Corporation and amended the bylaws to bar Piaseckis re-election as a director , on the grounds that he was running a rival company . Acquisition by Boeing . In 1956 , Vertol began developing a successor to the HUP with improved lift capacity by using turboshaft engines . The project was designated Vertol Model 107 ( V-107 ) , and a prototype first flew on April 22 , 1958 . Impressed , the Army awarded a contract for ten production aircraft ( then designated YHC-1A ) in June and later asked Vertol in March 1959 to produce a larger version , which was designated V-114 . With the pressure to produce two relatively new designs , Vertol again ran into financial pressure and was acquired by Boeing on March 30 , 1960 , who renamed it Boeing Vertol . It became the Boeing Helicopter Division in 1987 .
|
[
"Piasecki Helicopter Corporation"
] |
[
{
"text": " Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was a designer and manufacturer of helicopters located in Philadelphia and nearby Morton , Pennsylvania , in the late 1940s and the 1950s . Its founder , Frank Piasecki , was ousted from the company in 1956 and started a new company , Piasecki Aircraft . Piasecki Helicopter was renamed Vertol Corporation in early 1956 . Vertol was acquired by Boeing in 1960 and renamed Boeing Vertol .",
"title": "Piasecki Helicopter"
},
{
"text": " The Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was founded in 1940 by Frank Piasecki and fellow aeronautics student Harold Venzie as the P-V Engineering Forum ( shortened from Piasecki-Venzie ) ; the other partners were F.J . Kosloski , Donald N . Meyers , Elliott Daland , and Walter Swartz . The first design from P-V Engineering was the PV-1 , a rotorless-tail design that used a tapering tail cone and pressurized air to suppress main rotor torque . Venzie left the firm in 1943 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The PV-2 ( NX-37061 ) was a more conventional design and became the second helicopter flown in the United States ( following Igor Sikorskys VS-300 ) . It was designed and flown by Frank Piasecki on April 11 , 1943 . Piasecki had limited pilot experience ; the PV-2 was tethered to the ground as a safety measure , but the clothesline he used broke . He towed the helicopter behind his car in October 1943 to Washington , DC to demonstrate it to federal government officials ; because the wheels had no bearings , he had to stop every",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "10 to 15 minutes to cool them . When asked to show his pilots license following the demonstration in Washington , Piasecki admitted he did not have one and he was issued the first helicopter pilots license on October 20 , 1943 , by the Civil Aviation Administration .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " With the successful demonstration of the PV-2 , Piasecki convinced the United States Navy to fund the development of a follow-on prototype , signing a contract on January 1 , 1944 ; this marked the start of the design and sale of a series of tandem rotor helicopters to the Navy . The resulting PV-3 became the worlds first successful tandem rotor design . The PV-3 first flew on March 7 , 1945 and bore the Navy designation XHRP-X ; it was larger and capable of lifting more than the contemporary Sikorsky designs .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "Because P-V Engineering lacked the capital to fund production , the company was reorganized and renamed to the Piasecki Helicopter Corporation in 1946 , with Laurance Rockefeller and A . Felix du Pont Jr . taking a controlling interest of 51% interest in exchange for $500,000 . After constructing two more prototypes ( designated XHRP-1 ) , the PV-3 would go into production as the HRP-1 in 1947 . The HRP-1 was commonly nicknamed the flying banana because of the upward angle of the aft fuselage which ensured the large rotors did not hit each other in flight , and",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "because the United States Coast Guard , which used the HRP-1 for long-range rescue operations , painted their units yellow . The name would later be applied to other Piasecki tandem-rotor helicopters of similar design .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": " An evolutionary follow-on design to the HRP-1 , designated HRP-2 , used an all-metal skin and switched crew seating to side-by-side instead of tandem ; however , the limited power meant only five were built , all for the Coast Guard . In 1949 , Piasecki provided the H-21 Workhorse to the United States Air Force , an improved version of the HRP-2 with a more powerful Wright R-1820 Cyclone radial engine . Piaseckis tandem-rotor helicopters flew higher than competing single rotor designs , and offered a smoother ride .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "At approximately the same time the HRP-1 and HRP-2 were being developed , the Navy commissioned Piasecki to design a smaller tandem-rotor utility helicopter ; the resulting prototype , which Piasecki called the PV-14 , was designated XHJP-1 . These went into production as the HUP-1 ( PV-18 ) , with the first variants delivered to both the Navy and the United States Army ( as the H-25 ) in 1949 ; in total , 339 were delivered to the militaries of the United States , Canada , and France by 1954 . The HUP was designed with overlapping main",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "rotor blades , which reduced the size so they could be carried on aircraft carrier elevators .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": " Piasecki is forced out . Don R . Berlin was brought in as president and director of Piasecki Helicopters in 1953 , while Frank Piasecki was chairman of the board . Under Piasecki , the company began the PV-15 large transport tandem helicopter project ( designated H-16 ) . The prototype PV-15 was first flown in 1953 , but a fatal crash in January 1956 led to the cancellation of the project .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "The majority owners eventually lost faith in Frank Piaseckis leadership and by May 1956 he was forced out of the company . He had formed a new company , Piasecki Aircraft Corporation to pursue the development of compound helicopters and other rotorcraft . In two successive special stockholders meetings the board then changed the name of Piasecki Helicopter to Vertol ( for vertical take-off and landing ) Aircraft Corporation and amended the bylaws to bar Piaseckis re-election as a director , on the grounds that he was running a rival company .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "In 1956 , Vertol began developing a successor to the HUP with improved lift capacity by using turboshaft engines . The project was designated Vertol Model 107 ( V-107 ) , and a prototype first flew on April 22 , 1958 . Impressed , the Army awarded a contract for ten production aircraft ( then designated YHC-1A ) in June and later asked Vertol in March 1959 to produce a larger version , which was designated V-114 . With the pressure to produce two relatively new designs , Vertol again ran into financial pressure and was acquired by Boeing on",
"title": "Acquisition by Boeing"
},
{
"text": "March 30 , 1960 , who renamed it Boeing Vertol . It became the Boeing Helicopter Division in 1987 .",
"title": "Acquisition by Boeing"
}
] |
/wiki/Piasecki_Helicopter#P1448#2
|
Piasecki Helicopter was officially named what between Sep 1956 and Apr 1959?
|
Piasecki Helicopter Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was a designer and manufacturer of helicopters located in Philadelphia and nearby Morton , Pennsylvania , in the late 1940s and the 1950s . Its founder , Frank Piasecki , was ousted from the company in 1956 and started a new company , Piasecki Aircraft . Piasecki Helicopter was renamed Vertol Corporation in early 1956 . Vertol was acquired by Boeing in 1960 and renamed Boeing Vertol . History . The Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was founded in 1940 by Frank Piasecki and fellow aeronautics student Harold Venzie as the P-V Engineering Forum ( shortened from Piasecki-Venzie ) ; the other partners were F.J . Kosloski , Donald N . Meyers , Elliott Daland , and Walter Swartz . The first design from P-V Engineering was the PV-1 , a rotorless-tail design that used a tapering tail cone and pressurized air to suppress main rotor torque . Venzie left the firm in 1943 . The PV-2 ( NX-37061 ) was a more conventional design and became the second helicopter flown in the United States ( following Igor Sikorskys VS-300 ) . It was designed and flown by Frank Piasecki on April 11 , 1943 . Piasecki had limited pilot experience ; the PV-2 was tethered to the ground as a safety measure , but the clothesline he used broke . He towed the helicopter behind his car in October 1943 to Washington , DC to demonstrate it to federal government officials ; because the wheels had no bearings , he had to stop every 10 to 15 minutes to cool them . When asked to show his pilots license following the demonstration in Washington , Piasecki admitted he did not have one and he was issued the first helicopter pilots license on October 20 , 1943 , by the Civil Aviation Administration . Tandem rotor designs . With the successful demonstration of the PV-2 , Piasecki convinced the United States Navy to fund the development of a follow-on prototype , signing a contract on January 1 , 1944 ; this marked the start of the design and sale of a series of tandem rotor helicopters to the Navy . The resulting PV-3 became the worlds first successful tandem rotor design . The PV-3 first flew on March 7 , 1945 and bore the Navy designation XHRP-X ; it was larger and capable of lifting more than the contemporary Sikorsky designs . Because P-V Engineering lacked the capital to fund production , the company was reorganized and renamed to the Piasecki Helicopter Corporation in 1946 , with Laurance Rockefeller and A . Felix du Pont Jr . taking a controlling interest of 51% interest in exchange for $500,000 . After constructing two more prototypes ( designated XHRP-1 ) , the PV-3 would go into production as the HRP-1 in 1947 . The HRP-1 was commonly nicknamed the flying banana because of the upward angle of the aft fuselage which ensured the large rotors did not hit each other in flight , and because the United States Coast Guard , which used the HRP-1 for long-range rescue operations , painted their units yellow . The name would later be applied to other Piasecki tandem-rotor helicopters of similar design . An evolutionary follow-on design to the HRP-1 , designated HRP-2 , used an all-metal skin and switched crew seating to side-by-side instead of tandem ; however , the limited power meant only five were built , all for the Coast Guard . In 1949 , Piasecki provided the H-21 Workhorse to the United States Air Force , an improved version of the HRP-2 with a more powerful Wright R-1820 Cyclone radial engine . Piaseckis tandem-rotor helicopters flew higher than competing single rotor designs , and offered a smoother ride . At approximately the same time the HRP-1 and HRP-2 were being developed , the Navy commissioned Piasecki to design a smaller tandem-rotor utility helicopter ; the resulting prototype , which Piasecki called the PV-14 , was designated XHJP-1 . These went into production as the HUP-1 ( PV-18 ) , with the first variants delivered to both the Navy and the United States Army ( as the H-25 ) in 1949 ; in total , 339 were delivered to the militaries of the United States , Canada , and France by 1954 . The HUP was designed with overlapping main rotor blades , which reduced the size so they could be carried on aircraft carrier elevators . Piasecki is forced out . Don R . Berlin was brought in as president and director of Piasecki Helicopters in 1953 , while Frank Piasecki was chairman of the board . Under Piasecki , the company began the PV-15 large transport tandem helicopter project ( designated H-16 ) . The prototype PV-15 was first flown in 1953 , but a fatal crash in January 1956 led to the cancellation of the project . The majority owners eventually lost faith in Frank Piaseckis leadership and by May 1956 he was forced out of the company . He had formed a new company , Piasecki Aircraft Corporation to pursue the development of compound helicopters and other rotorcraft . In two successive special stockholders meetings the board then changed the name of Piasecki Helicopter to Vertol ( for vertical take-off and landing ) Aircraft Corporation and amended the bylaws to bar Piaseckis re-election as a director , on the grounds that he was running a rival company . Acquisition by Boeing . In 1956 , Vertol began developing a successor to the HUP with improved lift capacity by using turboshaft engines . The project was designated Vertol Model 107 ( V-107 ) , and a prototype first flew on April 22 , 1958 . Impressed , the Army awarded a contract for ten production aircraft ( then designated YHC-1A ) in June and later asked Vertol in March 1959 to produce a larger version , which was designated V-114 . With the pressure to produce two relatively new designs , Vertol again ran into financial pressure and was acquired by Boeing on March 30 , 1960 , who renamed it Boeing Vertol . It became the Boeing Helicopter Division in 1987 .
|
[
"Vertol Corporation"
] |
[
{
"text": " Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was a designer and manufacturer of helicopters located in Philadelphia and nearby Morton , Pennsylvania , in the late 1940s and the 1950s . Its founder , Frank Piasecki , was ousted from the company in 1956 and started a new company , Piasecki Aircraft . Piasecki Helicopter was renamed Vertol Corporation in early 1956 . Vertol was acquired by Boeing in 1960 and renamed Boeing Vertol .",
"title": "Piasecki Helicopter"
},
{
"text": " The Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was founded in 1940 by Frank Piasecki and fellow aeronautics student Harold Venzie as the P-V Engineering Forum ( shortened from Piasecki-Venzie ) ; the other partners were F.J . Kosloski , Donald N . Meyers , Elliott Daland , and Walter Swartz . The first design from P-V Engineering was the PV-1 , a rotorless-tail design that used a tapering tail cone and pressurized air to suppress main rotor torque . Venzie left the firm in 1943 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The PV-2 ( NX-37061 ) was a more conventional design and became the second helicopter flown in the United States ( following Igor Sikorskys VS-300 ) . It was designed and flown by Frank Piasecki on April 11 , 1943 . Piasecki had limited pilot experience ; the PV-2 was tethered to the ground as a safety measure , but the clothesline he used broke . He towed the helicopter behind his car in October 1943 to Washington , DC to demonstrate it to federal government officials ; because the wheels had no bearings , he had to stop every",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "10 to 15 minutes to cool them . When asked to show his pilots license following the demonstration in Washington , Piasecki admitted he did not have one and he was issued the first helicopter pilots license on October 20 , 1943 , by the Civil Aviation Administration .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " With the successful demonstration of the PV-2 , Piasecki convinced the United States Navy to fund the development of a follow-on prototype , signing a contract on January 1 , 1944 ; this marked the start of the design and sale of a series of tandem rotor helicopters to the Navy . The resulting PV-3 became the worlds first successful tandem rotor design . The PV-3 first flew on March 7 , 1945 and bore the Navy designation XHRP-X ; it was larger and capable of lifting more than the contemporary Sikorsky designs .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "Because P-V Engineering lacked the capital to fund production , the company was reorganized and renamed to the Piasecki Helicopter Corporation in 1946 , with Laurance Rockefeller and A . Felix du Pont Jr . taking a controlling interest of 51% interest in exchange for $500,000 . After constructing two more prototypes ( designated XHRP-1 ) , the PV-3 would go into production as the HRP-1 in 1947 . The HRP-1 was commonly nicknamed the flying banana because of the upward angle of the aft fuselage which ensured the large rotors did not hit each other in flight , and",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "because the United States Coast Guard , which used the HRP-1 for long-range rescue operations , painted their units yellow . The name would later be applied to other Piasecki tandem-rotor helicopters of similar design .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": " An evolutionary follow-on design to the HRP-1 , designated HRP-2 , used an all-metal skin and switched crew seating to side-by-side instead of tandem ; however , the limited power meant only five were built , all for the Coast Guard . In 1949 , Piasecki provided the H-21 Workhorse to the United States Air Force , an improved version of the HRP-2 with a more powerful Wright R-1820 Cyclone radial engine . Piaseckis tandem-rotor helicopters flew higher than competing single rotor designs , and offered a smoother ride .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "At approximately the same time the HRP-1 and HRP-2 were being developed , the Navy commissioned Piasecki to design a smaller tandem-rotor utility helicopter ; the resulting prototype , which Piasecki called the PV-14 , was designated XHJP-1 . These went into production as the HUP-1 ( PV-18 ) , with the first variants delivered to both the Navy and the United States Army ( as the H-25 ) in 1949 ; in total , 339 were delivered to the militaries of the United States , Canada , and France by 1954 . The HUP was designed with overlapping main",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "rotor blades , which reduced the size so they could be carried on aircraft carrier elevators .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": " Piasecki is forced out . Don R . Berlin was brought in as president and director of Piasecki Helicopters in 1953 , while Frank Piasecki was chairman of the board . Under Piasecki , the company began the PV-15 large transport tandem helicopter project ( designated H-16 ) . The prototype PV-15 was first flown in 1953 , but a fatal crash in January 1956 led to the cancellation of the project .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "The majority owners eventually lost faith in Frank Piaseckis leadership and by May 1956 he was forced out of the company . He had formed a new company , Piasecki Aircraft Corporation to pursue the development of compound helicopters and other rotorcraft . In two successive special stockholders meetings the board then changed the name of Piasecki Helicopter to Vertol ( for vertical take-off and landing ) Aircraft Corporation and amended the bylaws to bar Piaseckis re-election as a director , on the grounds that he was running a rival company .",
"title": "Tandem rotor designs"
},
{
"text": "In 1956 , Vertol began developing a successor to the HUP with improved lift capacity by using turboshaft engines . The project was designated Vertol Model 107 ( V-107 ) , and a prototype first flew on April 22 , 1958 . Impressed , the Army awarded a contract for ten production aircraft ( then designated YHC-1A ) in June and later asked Vertol in March 1959 to produce a larger version , which was designated V-114 . With the pressure to produce two relatively new designs , Vertol again ran into financial pressure and was acquired by Boeing on",
"title": "Acquisition by Boeing"
},
{
"text": "March 30 , 1960 , who renamed it Boeing Vertol . It became the Boeing Helicopter Division in 1987 .",
"title": "Acquisition by Boeing"
}
] |
/wiki/Vern_Ehlers#P69#0
|
Where was Vern Ehlers educated between Sep 1951 and Nov 1951?
|
Vern Ehlers Vernon James Ehlers ( February 6 , 1934 – August 15 , 2017 ) was an American physicist and politician who represented Michigan in the U.S . House of Representatives from 1993 until his retirement in 2011 . A Republican , he also served eight years in the Michigan Senate and two in the Michigan House of Representatives . Ehlers was the first research physicist to be elected to Congress ; he was later joined by Rush Holt , Jr . ( D-NJ ) and Bill Foster ( D-IL ) . Early life , education , and academic career . Born in Pipestone , Minnesota , Ehlers attended Calvin College in Grand Rapids for three years before transferring to the University of California , Berkeley , where he earned an undergraduate degree in physics and , in 1960 , a Ph.D . in nuclear physics . His doctoral dissertation , The nuclear spins and moments of several radioactive gallium isotopes , is available from University Microfilms International as document number 0227304 . After six years of teaching and research at Berkeley , he moved back to Michigan and took employment at Calvin College in 1966 , where he taught physics for 16 years and later served as chairman of the Physics Department . Ehlers died on August 15 , 2017 at the age of 83 . Early political career . Ehlers served on the Kent County Board of Commissioners from 1975 to 1982 . Ehlers served from 1983 to 1985 in the Michigan House of Representatives and then served from 1985 to 1993 in the Michigan Senate . U.S . House of Representatives . Committee assignments . - Committee on Education and Labor - Subcommittee on Early Childhood , Elementary and Secondary Education - Subcommittee on Higher Education , Lifelong Learning , and Competitiveness - Committee on House Administration ( Chairman and Ranking Member ) - Committee on Science and Technology - Subcommittee on Energy and Environment - Subcommittee on Research and Science Education ( Ranking Member ) - Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure - Subcommittee on Aviation - Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation - Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment Caucus memberships . - Co-chair of the STEM ( science , technology , engineering and mathematics ) Ed Caucus - Peak Oil Caucus Ehlers served as chairman of the House Administration Committee in the 109th Congress after Bob Ney resigned from the position . A portrait of Ehlers during his service as chairman of the Administration Committee is in the House collection . Political positions . Ehlers was a moderate Republican . According to the National Journal , in 2006 his votes split 50-50 between liberal and conservative . While strongly anti-abortion and supportive of lowering taxes , he was willing to break with his party on environmental and government spending issues . He was a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership and Republicans for Environmental Protection . He was the only member of the Michigan Congressional delegation of either party to vote to raise fuel economy standards for automobiles in 2001 and 2005 . Ehlers was a staunch advocate of a federal prohibition of online poker . In 2006 he cosponsored H.R . 4411 , the Goodlatte-Leach Internet Gambling Prohibition Act and H.R . 4777 , the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act . Owing to his votes in favor of the Federal Marriage Amendment in both 2004 and 2006 , as well as his votes against hate crimes legislation and prohibiting job discrimination based on sexual orientation , Ehlers was given a 0% rating by the Human Rights Campaign , indicating a voting record generally opposed to gay rights . However , in December 2010 , Ehlers was one of fifteen Republican House members to vote in favor of repealing the United States militarys Dont Ask , Dont Tell ban on openly gay service members , and one of eight Republicans to vote for the DREAM Act . Political campaigns . In 1993 Ehlers won a special election for the 3rd District , which had been vacant since Congressman Paul B . Henry died six months into his fifth term . He won a full term in 1994 and was re-elected six times with little significant Democratic opposition . Ehlers retired from Congress in 2010 . External links . - Vern Ehlers for U.S . Congress official campaign site
|
[
"Calvin College"
] |
[
{
"text": " Vernon James Ehlers ( February 6 , 1934 – August 15 , 2017 ) was an American physicist and politician who represented Michigan in the U.S . House of Representatives from 1993 until his retirement in 2011 . A Republican , he also served eight years in the Michigan Senate and two in the Michigan House of Representatives . Ehlers was the first research physicist to be elected to Congress ; he was later joined by Rush Holt , Jr . ( D-NJ ) and Bill Foster ( D-IL ) .",
"title": "Vern Ehlers"
},
{
"text": "Early life , education , and academic career .",
"title": "Vern Ehlers"
},
{
"text": "Born in Pipestone , Minnesota , Ehlers attended Calvin College in Grand Rapids for three years before transferring to the University of California , Berkeley , where he earned an undergraduate degree in physics and , in 1960 , a Ph.D . in nuclear physics . His doctoral dissertation , The nuclear spins and moments of several radioactive gallium isotopes , is available from University Microfilms International as document number 0227304 . After six years of teaching and research at Berkeley , he moved back to Michigan and took employment at Calvin College in 1966 , where he taught physics",
"title": "Vern Ehlers"
},
{
"text": "for 16 years and later served as chairman of the Physics Department .",
"title": "Vern Ehlers"
},
{
"text": " Ehlers served on the Kent County Board of Commissioners from 1975 to 1982 . Ehlers served from 1983 to 1985 in the Michigan House of Representatives and then served from 1985 to 1993 in the Michigan Senate . U.S . House of Representatives .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " - Committee on Education and Labor - Subcommittee on Early Childhood , Elementary and Secondary Education - Subcommittee on Higher Education , Lifelong Learning , and Competitiveness - Committee on House Administration ( Chairman and Ranking Member ) - Committee on Science and Technology - Subcommittee on Energy and Environment - Subcommittee on Research and Science Education ( Ranking Member ) - Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure - Subcommittee on Aviation - Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation - Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " - Co-chair of the STEM ( science , technology , engineering and mathematics ) Ed Caucus - Peak Oil Caucus Ehlers served as chairman of the House Administration Committee in the 109th Congress after Bob Ney resigned from the position . A portrait of Ehlers during his service as chairman of the Administration Committee is in the House collection .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " Ehlers was a moderate Republican . According to the National Journal , in 2006 his votes split 50-50 between liberal and conservative . While strongly anti-abortion and supportive of lowering taxes , he was willing to break with his party on environmental and government spending issues . He was a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership and Republicans for Environmental Protection . He was the only member of the Michigan Congressional delegation of either party to vote to raise fuel economy standards for automobiles in 2001 and 2005 .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": "Ehlers was a staunch advocate of a federal prohibition of online poker . In 2006 he cosponsored H.R . 4411 , the Goodlatte-Leach Internet Gambling Prohibition Act and H.R . 4777 , the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": "Owing to his votes in favor of the Federal Marriage Amendment in both 2004 and 2006 , as well as his votes against hate crimes legislation and prohibiting job discrimination based on sexual orientation , Ehlers was given a 0% rating by the Human Rights Campaign , indicating a voting record generally opposed to gay rights . However , in December 2010 , Ehlers was one of fifteen Republican House members to vote in favor of repealing the United States militarys Dont Ask , Dont Tell ban on openly gay service members , and one of eight Republicans to vote",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": "for the DREAM Act .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 Ehlers won a special election for the 3rd District , which had been vacant since Congressman Paul B . Henry died six months into his fifth term . He won a full term in 1994 and was re-elected six times with little significant Democratic opposition . Ehlers retired from Congress in 2010 .",
"title": "Political campaigns"
},
{
"text": " - Vern Ehlers for U.S . Congress official campaign site",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Vern_Ehlers#P69#1
|
Where was Vern Ehlers educated after Feb 1957?
|
Vern Ehlers Vernon James Ehlers ( February 6 , 1934 – August 15 , 2017 ) was an American physicist and politician who represented Michigan in the U.S . House of Representatives from 1993 until his retirement in 2011 . A Republican , he also served eight years in the Michigan Senate and two in the Michigan House of Representatives . Ehlers was the first research physicist to be elected to Congress ; he was later joined by Rush Holt , Jr . ( D-NJ ) and Bill Foster ( D-IL ) . Early life , education , and academic career . Born in Pipestone , Minnesota , Ehlers attended Calvin College in Grand Rapids for three years before transferring to the University of California , Berkeley , where he earned an undergraduate degree in physics and , in 1960 , a Ph.D . in nuclear physics . His doctoral dissertation , The nuclear spins and moments of several radioactive gallium isotopes , is available from University Microfilms International as document number 0227304 . After six years of teaching and research at Berkeley , he moved back to Michigan and took employment at Calvin College in 1966 , where he taught physics for 16 years and later served as chairman of the Physics Department . Ehlers died on August 15 , 2017 at the age of 83 . Early political career . Ehlers served on the Kent County Board of Commissioners from 1975 to 1982 . Ehlers served from 1983 to 1985 in the Michigan House of Representatives and then served from 1985 to 1993 in the Michigan Senate . U.S . House of Representatives . Committee assignments . - Committee on Education and Labor - Subcommittee on Early Childhood , Elementary and Secondary Education - Subcommittee on Higher Education , Lifelong Learning , and Competitiveness - Committee on House Administration ( Chairman and Ranking Member ) - Committee on Science and Technology - Subcommittee on Energy and Environment - Subcommittee on Research and Science Education ( Ranking Member ) - Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure - Subcommittee on Aviation - Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation - Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment Caucus memberships . - Co-chair of the STEM ( science , technology , engineering and mathematics ) Ed Caucus - Peak Oil Caucus Ehlers served as chairman of the House Administration Committee in the 109th Congress after Bob Ney resigned from the position . A portrait of Ehlers during his service as chairman of the Administration Committee is in the House collection . Political positions . Ehlers was a moderate Republican . According to the National Journal , in 2006 his votes split 50-50 between liberal and conservative . While strongly anti-abortion and supportive of lowering taxes , he was willing to break with his party on environmental and government spending issues . He was a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership and Republicans for Environmental Protection . He was the only member of the Michigan Congressional delegation of either party to vote to raise fuel economy standards for automobiles in 2001 and 2005 . Ehlers was a staunch advocate of a federal prohibition of online poker . In 2006 he cosponsored H.R . 4411 , the Goodlatte-Leach Internet Gambling Prohibition Act and H.R . 4777 , the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act . Owing to his votes in favor of the Federal Marriage Amendment in both 2004 and 2006 , as well as his votes against hate crimes legislation and prohibiting job discrimination based on sexual orientation , Ehlers was given a 0% rating by the Human Rights Campaign , indicating a voting record generally opposed to gay rights . However , in December 2010 , Ehlers was one of fifteen Republican House members to vote in favor of repealing the United States militarys Dont Ask , Dont Tell ban on openly gay service members , and one of eight Republicans to vote for the DREAM Act . Political campaigns . In 1993 Ehlers won a special election for the 3rd District , which had been vacant since Congressman Paul B . Henry died six months into his fifth term . He won a full term in 1994 and was re-elected six times with little significant Democratic opposition . Ehlers retired from Congress in 2010 . External links . - Vern Ehlers for U.S . Congress official campaign site
|
[
"University of California , Berkeley"
] |
[
{
"text": " Vernon James Ehlers ( February 6 , 1934 – August 15 , 2017 ) was an American physicist and politician who represented Michigan in the U.S . House of Representatives from 1993 until his retirement in 2011 . A Republican , he also served eight years in the Michigan Senate and two in the Michigan House of Representatives . Ehlers was the first research physicist to be elected to Congress ; he was later joined by Rush Holt , Jr . ( D-NJ ) and Bill Foster ( D-IL ) .",
"title": "Vern Ehlers"
},
{
"text": "Early life , education , and academic career .",
"title": "Vern Ehlers"
},
{
"text": "Born in Pipestone , Minnesota , Ehlers attended Calvin College in Grand Rapids for three years before transferring to the University of California , Berkeley , where he earned an undergraduate degree in physics and , in 1960 , a Ph.D . in nuclear physics . His doctoral dissertation , The nuclear spins and moments of several radioactive gallium isotopes , is available from University Microfilms International as document number 0227304 . After six years of teaching and research at Berkeley , he moved back to Michigan and took employment at Calvin College in 1966 , where he taught physics",
"title": "Vern Ehlers"
},
{
"text": "for 16 years and later served as chairman of the Physics Department .",
"title": "Vern Ehlers"
},
{
"text": " Ehlers served on the Kent County Board of Commissioners from 1975 to 1982 . Ehlers served from 1983 to 1985 in the Michigan House of Representatives and then served from 1985 to 1993 in the Michigan Senate . U.S . House of Representatives .",
"title": "Early political career"
},
{
"text": " - Committee on Education and Labor - Subcommittee on Early Childhood , Elementary and Secondary Education - Subcommittee on Higher Education , Lifelong Learning , and Competitiveness - Committee on House Administration ( Chairman and Ranking Member ) - Committee on Science and Technology - Subcommittee on Energy and Environment - Subcommittee on Research and Science Education ( Ranking Member ) - Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure - Subcommittee on Aviation - Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation - Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " - Co-chair of the STEM ( science , technology , engineering and mathematics ) Ed Caucus - Peak Oil Caucus Ehlers served as chairman of the House Administration Committee in the 109th Congress after Bob Ney resigned from the position . A portrait of Ehlers during his service as chairman of the Administration Committee is in the House collection .",
"title": "Caucus memberships"
},
{
"text": " Ehlers was a moderate Republican . According to the National Journal , in 2006 his votes split 50-50 between liberal and conservative . While strongly anti-abortion and supportive of lowering taxes , he was willing to break with his party on environmental and government spending issues . He was a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership and Republicans for Environmental Protection . He was the only member of the Michigan Congressional delegation of either party to vote to raise fuel economy standards for automobiles in 2001 and 2005 .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": "Ehlers was a staunch advocate of a federal prohibition of online poker . In 2006 he cosponsored H.R . 4411 , the Goodlatte-Leach Internet Gambling Prohibition Act and H.R . 4777 , the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": "Owing to his votes in favor of the Federal Marriage Amendment in both 2004 and 2006 , as well as his votes against hate crimes legislation and prohibiting job discrimination based on sexual orientation , Ehlers was given a 0% rating by the Human Rights Campaign , indicating a voting record generally opposed to gay rights . However , in December 2010 , Ehlers was one of fifteen Republican House members to vote in favor of repealing the United States militarys Dont Ask , Dont Tell ban on openly gay service members , and one of eight Republicans to vote",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": "for the DREAM Act .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 Ehlers won a special election for the 3rd District , which had been vacant since Congressman Paul B . Henry died six months into his fifth term . He won a full term in 1994 and was re-elected six times with little significant Democratic opposition . Ehlers retired from Congress in 2010 .",
"title": "Political campaigns"
},
{
"text": " - Vern Ehlers for U.S . Congress official campaign site",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
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