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/wiki/Alf_Morris#P39#6
|
Alf Morris took which position between Apr 1994 and Mar 1995?
|
Alf Morris Alfred Morris , Baron Morris of Manchester , ( 23 March 1928 – 12 August 2012 ) was a British Labour Co-operative politician and disability campaigner . Political career . Morris served as Member of Parliament for Manchester Wythenshawe from 1964 until 1997 , having previously unsuccessfully fought the , then , safe Conservative seat of Liverpool Garston in 1951 and the Wythenshawe seat in 1959 . He served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Fred Peart , the Agriculture Minister . Morris campaigned against British entry to the Common Market and in May 1967 Prime Minister Harold Wilson sacked him , and six others , for abstaining in a Commons vote on the issue . Fred Peart did not appoint a replacement and Morris continued to work for him , albeit unofficially . In 1968 , Peart became Leader of the Commons and reappointed Morris as his Parliamentary Private Secretary . In 1970 Morris successfully introduced the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act , which was the first in the world to recognise and give rights to people with disabilities . In 1974 he became the first Minister for the Disabled anywhere in the world . In 1991 he introduced a Civil Rights ( Disabled Persons ) Bill and he led campaigns on Gulf War Syndrome . He was created a life peer as Lord Morris of Manchester , of Manchester in the County of Greater Manchester , in 1997 . He was a life member of the GMB Union , the general trade union of the United Kingdom . He served as President of the 1995 Co-operative Congress . Background . Morris ( one of the eight children of George Henry Morris and his wife Jessie Murphy ) was raised in poor circumstances in Ancoats , Manchester . In 1935 , the family left Ancoats and moved to a new housing estate in Newton Heath . He was educated at Brookdale Park School Newton Heath along with Harold Evans , who , as editor of The Sunday Times , wrote a leader saying that : As time ticked away to the 1970 general election , Alf Morriss Bill was the only piece of legislation worth saving . He received evening school tuition . He worked from the age of 14 as a clerk in the local Wilsons Brewery . Morris , whose father lost an eye and a leg and was gassed while serving in the First World War , and then suffered a long decline in health and eventual death arising from his injuries , became a campaigner on behalf of those with disabilities . After his fathers death , Morriss mother was not entitled to a war widows pension . Forty years later , Morris himself put the matter right by changing the law affecting armed forces pensions when he became the UK and the Worlds first Minister for the Disabled . Morris did his national service in the army , mainly in the Middle East , from 1946–48 . He then studied at Ruskin College , Oxford ( 1949–1950 ) , St Catherines College , Oxford ( BA modern history 1953 ) and the Department of Education , Manchester University . Morris worked as a Manchester schoolteacher and university extension lecturer in social history ( 1954–1956 ) and as an Industrial relations officer to the Electrical Supply Industry ( 1956–1964 ) . Family . He married Irene Jones in 1950 . They had two sons and two daughters . His brother Charles Morris and his niece Estelle Morris have also served as Labour MPs . Lord Morris died in hospital on Sunday 12 August 2012 after a short illness , aged 84 . He was survived by his wife and children . Awards and honours . - 1971 Field Marshel Lord Harding Award for distinguished service to the disabled - 1972 Louis Braille Memorial Award for outstanding service to the blind - 1979 Member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom - 1989 Companion of the Queens Service Order for public services , 1989 New Year Honours , New Zealand - 1991 Honorary Officer of the Order of Australia - 1997 University of Salford honorary doctorate - 1997 Life Peer - 1998 University of Manchester honorary doctorate - 2000 Named , with Chrissie Maher and Tim Berners-Lee , Information Pioneers of the Century by the UKs National Information Forum . - 2005 MENCAP Lifetime achievement award - 2009 Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and of the Royal College of Physicians Publications . - The Growth of Parliamentary Scrutiny by Committee ( Oxford , Pergamon P. , 1970 ) . - Needs before Means : an exposition of the underlying purposes of the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act , 1970 ( Manchester , Co-operative Union , 1971 ) . - No Feet to Drag : report on the disabled ( London , Sidgwick and Jackson , 1972 ) . - Alf Morris : Peoples Parliamentarian – Scenes from the Life of Lord Morris of Manchester ( London , National Information Forum , 2007 ) . Archives . - Catalogue of the papers of Alfred Morris at London School of Economics Archives
|
[
"Member of Parliament for Manchester Wythenshawe"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alfred Morris , Baron Morris of Manchester , ( 23 March 1928 – 12 August 2012 ) was a British Labour Co-operative politician and disability campaigner .",
"title": "Alf Morris"
},
{
"text": "Morris served as Member of Parliament for Manchester Wythenshawe from 1964 until 1997 , having previously unsuccessfully fought the , then , safe Conservative seat of Liverpool Garston in 1951 and the Wythenshawe seat in 1959 . He served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Fred Peart , the Agriculture Minister . Morris campaigned against British entry to the Common Market and in May 1967 Prime Minister Harold Wilson sacked him , and six others , for abstaining in a Commons vote on the issue . Fred Peart did not appoint a replacement and Morris continued to work for him ,",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "albeit unofficially . In 1968 , Peart became Leader of the Commons and reappointed Morris as his Parliamentary Private Secretary .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 1970 Morris successfully introduced the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act , which was the first in the world to recognise and give rights to people with disabilities . In 1974 he became the first Minister for the Disabled anywhere in the world . In 1991 he introduced a Civil Rights ( Disabled Persons ) Bill and he led campaigns on Gulf War Syndrome .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "He was created a life peer as Lord Morris of Manchester , of Manchester in the County of Greater Manchester , in 1997 . He was a life member of the GMB Union , the general trade union of the United Kingdom . He served as President of the 1995 Co-operative Congress .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Morris ( one of the eight children of George Henry Morris and his wife Jessie Murphy ) was raised in poor circumstances in Ancoats , Manchester .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "In 1935 , the family left Ancoats and moved to a new housing estate in Newton Heath . He was educated at Brookdale Park School Newton Heath along with Harold Evans , who , as editor of The Sunday Times , wrote a leader saying that : As time ticked away to the 1970 general election , Alf Morriss Bill was the only piece of legislation worth saving . He received evening school tuition . He worked from the age of 14 as a clerk in the local Wilsons Brewery .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": " Morris , whose father lost an eye and a leg and was gassed while serving in the First World War , and then suffered a long decline in health and eventual death arising from his injuries , became a campaigner on behalf of those with disabilities . After his fathers death , Morriss mother was not entitled to a war widows pension . Forty years later , Morris himself put the matter right by changing the law affecting armed forces pensions when he became the UK and the Worlds first Minister for the Disabled .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": "Morris did his national service in the army , mainly in the Middle East , from 1946–48 . He then studied at Ruskin College , Oxford ( 1949–1950 ) , St Catherines College , Oxford ( BA modern history 1953 ) and the Department of Education , Manchester University .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": " Morris worked as a Manchester schoolteacher and university extension lecturer in social history ( 1954–1956 ) and as an Industrial relations officer to the Electrical Supply Industry ( 1956–1964 ) .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": " He married Irene Jones in 1950 . They had two sons and two daughters . His brother Charles Morris and his niece Estelle Morris have also served as Labour MPs . Lord Morris died in hospital on Sunday 12 August 2012 after a short illness , aged 84 . He was survived by his wife and children .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": " - 1971 Field Marshel Lord Harding Award for distinguished service to the disabled - 1972 Louis Braille Memorial Award for outstanding service to the blind - 1979 Member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom - 1989 Companion of the Queens Service Order for public services , 1989 New Year Honours , New Zealand - 1991 Honorary Officer of the Order of Australia - 1997 University of Salford honorary doctorate - 1997 Life Peer - 1998 University of Manchester honorary doctorate",
"title": "Awards and honours"
},
{
"text": "- 2000 Named , with Chrissie Maher and Tim Berners-Lee , Information Pioneers of the Century by the UKs National Information Forum .",
"title": "Awards and honours"
},
{
"text": " - 2005 MENCAP Lifetime achievement award - 2009 Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and of the Royal College of Physicians",
"title": "Awards and honours"
},
{
"text": " - The Growth of Parliamentary Scrutiny by Committee ( Oxford , Pergamon P. , 1970 ) . - Needs before Means : an exposition of the underlying purposes of the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act , 1970 ( Manchester , Co-operative Union , 1971 ) . - No Feet to Drag : report on the disabled ( London , Sidgwick and Jackson , 1972 ) . - Alf Morris : Peoples Parliamentarian – Scenes from the Life of Lord Morris of Manchester ( London , National Information Forum , 2007 ) .",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " - Catalogue of the papers of Alfred Morris at London School of Economics Archives",
"title": "Archives"
}
] |
/wiki/Sun_Mobile#P749#0
|
Which organization owned Sun Mobile in Dec 1996?
|
Sun Mobile Sun Mobile Limited ( branded as SUN Mobile ) , formerly known as New World Mobility Limited , is a mobile network operator brand and company in Hong Kong . It is a joint venture of HKT and . New World Mobility Limited and New World Mobility was a subsidiary and a brand of New World PCS respectively ; New World PCS itself was a subsidiary of New World Development . However , New World Development sold the shares of its successor CSL New World Mobility in 2013 . The brand New World Mobility was active until 2014 , which was changed to SUN Mobile in the same year ; but the legal person New World Mobility Limited was once dormant until re-active again in 2008 as a joint venture of CSL New World Mobility and Telecom Digital . During the period of dormant , the brand was operated by sister company of New World Mobility Limited . History . New World Mobility . New World Mobility Limited was launched in 1998 and previously parented by New World PCS Limited , which the latter was incorporated in 1995 . New World Mobility , as a brand , was launched in 1997 . New World Mobility Limited later became dormant in 2003 , which the brand was operated by New World PCS directly . New World PCS was also the licence holder of personal communication services since 1996 . New World PCS became a public company indirectly , via a backdoor listing . A listed company Asia Logistics Technologies acquired New World PCS Holdings ( parent of New World PCS ) from New World Development and renamed itself into New World Mobile Holdings in 2004 . In March 2006 , New World PCS Limited merged with Hong Kong CSL Limited to form a new intermediate holding company called CSL New World Mobility , whose shareholders are Australian telecommunications company Telstra ( 76.4% ) and New World Mobile Holdings ( 23.6% ) . New World Mobility became one of the brands of the holding companys mobile services . In October 2006 , New World Mobile Holdings sold its 23.6% stakes of the intermediate holding company to New World Mobile Holdings parent company New World Development . New World PCS Limited was also renamed to CSL Limited , as a subsidiary of the new holding company in 2008 . New World Mobility Limited was back from dormant also in 2008 , which CSL Limited owned 60% stake since 2008–09 financial year . The rest of the stake of New World Mobility Limited , was acquired by also in 2008 ; the latter was a mobile virtual network operator of brands such as Rabbit , which bought the network usage from other companies . New World Mobility Limited operated the brand New World Mobility since circa 2008 . New World Development and Telstra sold the stake of CSL New World Mobility to HKT in December 2013 . After the transaction , HKT owned New World Mobility , CSL , PCCW Mobile and other brands . SUN Mobile . On 25 September 2014 , New World Mobility Limited ceased to exist as HKT revamped the subsidiary under the name SUN Mobile Limited , the company was jointly-owned by HKT ( instead of CSL Limited ) and Telecom Digital . However , the pronunciation of Sun was similar to the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese character ( ) of the old brand ; the new brand in Chinese , was also dropped the world World ( ) and replacing the suffix to Mobile Communications ( ) only , instead of Mobility Network ( ) .
|
[
"New World PCS"
] |
[
{
"text": " Sun Mobile Limited ( branded as SUN Mobile ) , formerly known as New World Mobility Limited , is a mobile network operator brand and company in Hong Kong . It is a joint venture of HKT and .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": "New World Mobility Limited and New World Mobility was a subsidiary and a brand of New World PCS respectively ; New World PCS itself was a subsidiary of New World Development . However , New World Development sold the shares of its successor CSL New World Mobility in 2013 . The brand New World Mobility was active until 2014 , which was changed to SUN Mobile in the same year ; but the legal person New World Mobility Limited was once dormant until re-active again in 2008 as a joint venture of CSL New World Mobility and Telecom Digital .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": "During the period of dormant , the brand was operated by sister company of New World Mobility Limited .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": " New World Mobility Limited was launched in 1998 and previously parented by New World PCS Limited , which the latter was incorporated in 1995 . New World Mobility , as a brand , was launched in 1997 . New World Mobility Limited later became dormant in 2003 , which the brand was operated by New World PCS directly . New World PCS was also the licence holder of personal communication services since 1996 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": "New World PCS became a public company indirectly , via a backdoor listing . A listed company Asia Logistics Technologies acquired New World PCS Holdings ( parent of New World PCS ) from New World Development and renamed itself into New World Mobile Holdings in 2004 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " In March 2006 , New World PCS Limited merged with Hong Kong CSL Limited to form a new intermediate holding company called CSL New World Mobility , whose shareholders are Australian telecommunications company Telstra ( 76.4% ) and New World Mobile Holdings ( 23.6% ) . New World Mobility became one of the brands of the holding companys mobile services . In October 2006 , New World Mobile Holdings sold its 23.6% stakes of the intermediate holding company to New World Mobile Holdings parent company New World Development .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": "New World PCS Limited was also renamed to CSL Limited , as a subsidiary of the new holding company in 2008 . New World Mobility Limited was back from dormant also in 2008 , which CSL Limited owned 60% stake since 2008–09 financial year . The rest of the stake of New World Mobility Limited , was acquired by also in 2008 ; the latter was a mobile virtual network operator of brands such as Rabbit , which bought the network usage from other companies . New World Mobility Limited operated the brand New World Mobility since circa 2008 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " New World Development and Telstra sold the stake of CSL New World Mobility to HKT in December 2013 . After the transaction , HKT owned New World Mobility , CSL , PCCW Mobile and other brands .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " On 25 September 2014 , New World Mobility Limited ceased to exist as HKT revamped the subsidiary under the name SUN Mobile Limited , the company was jointly-owned by HKT ( instead of CSL Limited ) and Telecom Digital . However , the pronunciation of Sun was similar to the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese character ( ) of the old brand ; the new brand in Chinese , was also dropped the world World ( ) and replacing the suffix to Mobile Communications ( ) only , instead of Mobility Network ( ) .",
"title": "SUN Mobile"
}
] |
/wiki/Sun_Mobile#P749#1
|
Which organization owned Sun Mobile between Jul 1998 and Jan 2003?
|
Sun Mobile Sun Mobile Limited ( branded as SUN Mobile ) , formerly known as New World Mobility Limited , is a mobile network operator brand and company in Hong Kong . It is a joint venture of HKT and . New World Mobility Limited and New World Mobility was a subsidiary and a brand of New World PCS respectively ; New World PCS itself was a subsidiary of New World Development . However , New World Development sold the shares of its successor CSL New World Mobility in 2013 . The brand New World Mobility was active until 2014 , which was changed to SUN Mobile in the same year ; but the legal person New World Mobility Limited was once dormant until re-active again in 2008 as a joint venture of CSL New World Mobility and Telecom Digital . During the period of dormant , the brand was operated by sister company of New World Mobility Limited . History . New World Mobility . New World Mobility Limited was launched in 1998 and previously parented by New World PCS Limited , which the latter was incorporated in 1995 . New World Mobility , as a brand , was launched in 1997 . New World Mobility Limited later became dormant in 2003 , which the brand was operated by New World PCS directly . New World PCS was also the licence holder of personal communication services since 1996 . New World PCS became a public company indirectly , via a backdoor listing . A listed company Asia Logistics Technologies acquired New World PCS Holdings ( parent of New World PCS ) from New World Development and renamed itself into New World Mobile Holdings in 2004 . In March 2006 , New World PCS Limited merged with Hong Kong CSL Limited to form a new intermediate holding company called CSL New World Mobility , whose shareholders are Australian telecommunications company Telstra ( 76.4% ) and New World Mobile Holdings ( 23.6% ) . New World Mobility became one of the brands of the holding companys mobile services . In October 2006 , New World Mobile Holdings sold its 23.6% stakes of the intermediate holding company to New World Mobile Holdings parent company New World Development . New World PCS Limited was also renamed to CSL Limited , as a subsidiary of the new holding company in 2008 . New World Mobility Limited was back from dormant also in 2008 , which CSL Limited owned 60% stake since 2008–09 financial year . The rest of the stake of New World Mobility Limited , was acquired by also in 2008 ; the latter was a mobile virtual network operator of brands such as Rabbit , which bought the network usage from other companies . New World Mobility Limited operated the brand New World Mobility since circa 2008 . New World Development and Telstra sold the stake of CSL New World Mobility to HKT in December 2013 . After the transaction , HKT owned New World Mobility , CSL , PCCW Mobile and other brands . SUN Mobile . On 25 September 2014 , New World Mobility Limited ceased to exist as HKT revamped the subsidiary under the name SUN Mobile Limited , the company was jointly-owned by HKT ( instead of CSL Limited ) and Telecom Digital . However , the pronunciation of Sun was similar to the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese character ( ) of the old brand ; the new brand in Chinese , was also dropped the world World ( ) and replacing the suffix to Mobile Communications ( ) only , instead of Mobility Network ( ) .
|
[
"New World Mobility",
"New World PCS"
] |
[
{
"text": " Sun Mobile Limited ( branded as SUN Mobile ) , formerly known as New World Mobility Limited , is a mobile network operator brand and company in Hong Kong . It is a joint venture of HKT and .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": "New World Mobility Limited and New World Mobility was a subsidiary and a brand of New World PCS respectively ; New World PCS itself was a subsidiary of New World Development . However , New World Development sold the shares of its successor CSL New World Mobility in 2013 . The brand New World Mobility was active until 2014 , which was changed to SUN Mobile in the same year ; but the legal person New World Mobility Limited was once dormant until re-active again in 2008 as a joint venture of CSL New World Mobility and Telecom Digital .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": "During the period of dormant , the brand was operated by sister company of New World Mobility Limited .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": " New World Mobility Limited was launched in 1998 and previously parented by New World PCS Limited , which the latter was incorporated in 1995 . New World Mobility , as a brand , was launched in 1997 . New World Mobility Limited later became dormant in 2003 , which the brand was operated by New World PCS directly . New World PCS was also the licence holder of personal communication services since 1996 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": "New World PCS became a public company indirectly , via a backdoor listing . A listed company Asia Logistics Technologies acquired New World PCS Holdings ( parent of New World PCS ) from New World Development and renamed itself into New World Mobile Holdings in 2004 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " In March 2006 , New World PCS Limited merged with Hong Kong CSL Limited to form a new intermediate holding company called CSL New World Mobility , whose shareholders are Australian telecommunications company Telstra ( 76.4% ) and New World Mobile Holdings ( 23.6% ) . New World Mobility became one of the brands of the holding companys mobile services . In October 2006 , New World Mobile Holdings sold its 23.6% stakes of the intermediate holding company to New World Mobile Holdings parent company New World Development .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": "New World PCS Limited was also renamed to CSL Limited , as a subsidiary of the new holding company in 2008 . New World Mobility Limited was back from dormant also in 2008 , which CSL Limited owned 60% stake since 2008–09 financial year . The rest of the stake of New World Mobility Limited , was acquired by also in 2008 ; the latter was a mobile virtual network operator of brands such as Rabbit , which bought the network usage from other companies . New World Mobility Limited operated the brand New World Mobility since circa 2008 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " New World Development and Telstra sold the stake of CSL New World Mobility to HKT in December 2013 . After the transaction , HKT owned New World Mobility , CSL , PCCW Mobile and other brands .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " On 25 September 2014 , New World Mobility Limited ceased to exist as HKT revamped the subsidiary under the name SUN Mobile Limited , the company was jointly-owned by HKT ( instead of CSL Limited ) and Telecom Digital . However , the pronunciation of Sun was similar to the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese character ( ) of the old brand ; the new brand in Chinese , was also dropped the world World ( ) and replacing the suffix to Mobile Communications ( ) only , instead of Mobility Network ( ) .",
"title": "SUN Mobile"
}
] |
/wiki/Sun_Mobile#P749#2
|
Which organization owned Sun Mobile in Jun 2004?
|
Sun Mobile Sun Mobile Limited ( branded as SUN Mobile ) , formerly known as New World Mobility Limited , is a mobile network operator brand and company in Hong Kong . It is a joint venture of HKT and . New World Mobility Limited and New World Mobility was a subsidiary and a brand of New World PCS respectively ; New World PCS itself was a subsidiary of New World Development . However , New World Development sold the shares of its successor CSL New World Mobility in 2013 . The brand New World Mobility was active until 2014 , which was changed to SUN Mobile in the same year ; but the legal person New World Mobility Limited was once dormant until re-active again in 2008 as a joint venture of CSL New World Mobility and Telecom Digital . During the period of dormant , the brand was operated by sister company of New World Mobility Limited . History . New World Mobility . New World Mobility Limited was launched in 1998 and previously parented by New World PCS Limited , which the latter was incorporated in 1995 . New World Mobility , as a brand , was launched in 1997 . New World Mobility Limited later became dormant in 2003 , which the brand was operated by New World PCS directly . New World PCS was also the licence holder of personal communication services since 1996 . New World PCS became a public company indirectly , via a backdoor listing . A listed company Asia Logistics Technologies acquired New World PCS Holdings ( parent of New World PCS ) from New World Development and renamed itself into New World Mobile Holdings in 2004 . In March 2006 , New World PCS Limited merged with Hong Kong CSL Limited to form a new intermediate holding company called CSL New World Mobility , whose shareholders are Australian telecommunications company Telstra ( 76.4% ) and New World Mobile Holdings ( 23.6% ) . New World Mobility became one of the brands of the holding companys mobile services . In October 2006 , New World Mobile Holdings sold its 23.6% stakes of the intermediate holding company to New World Mobile Holdings parent company New World Development . New World PCS Limited was also renamed to CSL Limited , as a subsidiary of the new holding company in 2008 . New World Mobility Limited was back from dormant also in 2008 , which CSL Limited owned 60% stake since 2008–09 financial year . The rest of the stake of New World Mobility Limited , was acquired by also in 2008 ; the latter was a mobile virtual network operator of brands such as Rabbit , which bought the network usage from other companies . New World Mobility Limited operated the brand New World Mobility since circa 2008 . New World Development and Telstra sold the stake of CSL New World Mobility to HKT in December 2013 . After the transaction , HKT owned New World Mobility , CSL , PCCW Mobile and other brands . SUN Mobile . On 25 September 2014 , New World Mobility Limited ceased to exist as HKT revamped the subsidiary under the name SUN Mobile Limited , the company was jointly-owned by HKT ( instead of CSL Limited ) and Telecom Digital . However , the pronunciation of Sun was similar to the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese character ( ) of the old brand ; the new brand in Chinese , was also dropped the world World ( ) and replacing the suffix to Mobile Communications ( ) only , instead of Mobility Network ( ) .
|
[
"New World PCS"
] |
[
{
"text": " Sun Mobile Limited ( branded as SUN Mobile ) , formerly known as New World Mobility Limited , is a mobile network operator brand and company in Hong Kong . It is a joint venture of HKT and .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": "New World Mobility Limited and New World Mobility was a subsidiary and a brand of New World PCS respectively ; New World PCS itself was a subsidiary of New World Development . However , New World Development sold the shares of its successor CSL New World Mobility in 2013 . The brand New World Mobility was active until 2014 , which was changed to SUN Mobile in the same year ; but the legal person New World Mobility Limited was once dormant until re-active again in 2008 as a joint venture of CSL New World Mobility and Telecom Digital .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": "During the period of dormant , the brand was operated by sister company of New World Mobility Limited .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": " New World Mobility Limited was launched in 1998 and previously parented by New World PCS Limited , which the latter was incorporated in 1995 . New World Mobility , as a brand , was launched in 1997 . New World Mobility Limited later became dormant in 2003 , which the brand was operated by New World PCS directly . New World PCS was also the licence holder of personal communication services since 1996 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": "New World PCS became a public company indirectly , via a backdoor listing . A listed company Asia Logistics Technologies acquired New World PCS Holdings ( parent of New World PCS ) from New World Development and renamed itself into New World Mobile Holdings in 2004 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " In March 2006 , New World PCS Limited merged with Hong Kong CSL Limited to form a new intermediate holding company called CSL New World Mobility , whose shareholders are Australian telecommunications company Telstra ( 76.4% ) and New World Mobile Holdings ( 23.6% ) . New World Mobility became one of the brands of the holding companys mobile services . In October 2006 , New World Mobile Holdings sold its 23.6% stakes of the intermediate holding company to New World Mobile Holdings parent company New World Development .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": "New World PCS Limited was also renamed to CSL Limited , as a subsidiary of the new holding company in 2008 . New World Mobility Limited was back from dormant also in 2008 , which CSL Limited owned 60% stake since 2008–09 financial year . The rest of the stake of New World Mobility Limited , was acquired by also in 2008 ; the latter was a mobile virtual network operator of brands such as Rabbit , which bought the network usage from other companies . New World Mobility Limited operated the brand New World Mobility since circa 2008 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " New World Development and Telstra sold the stake of CSL New World Mobility to HKT in December 2013 . After the transaction , HKT owned New World Mobility , CSL , PCCW Mobile and other brands .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " On 25 September 2014 , New World Mobility Limited ceased to exist as HKT revamped the subsidiary under the name SUN Mobile Limited , the company was jointly-owned by HKT ( instead of CSL Limited ) and Telecom Digital . However , the pronunciation of Sun was similar to the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese character ( ) of the old brand ; the new brand in Chinese , was also dropped the world World ( ) and replacing the suffix to Mobile Communications ( ) only , instead of Mobility Network ( ) .",
"title": "SUN Mobile"
}
] |
/wiki/Sun_Mobile#P749#3
|
Which organization owned Sun Mobile in late 2000s?
|
Sun Mobile Sun Mobile Limited ( branded as SUN Mobile ) , formerly known as New World Mobility Limited , is a mobile network operator brand and company in Hong Kong . It is a joint venture of HKT and . New World Mobility Limited and New World Mobility was a subsidiary and a brand of New World PCS respectively ; New World PCS itself was a subsidiary of New World Development . However , New World Development sold the shares of its successor CSL New World Mobility in 2013 . The brand New World Mobility was active until 2014 , which was changed to SUN Mobile in the same year ; but the legal person New World Mobility Limited was once dormant until re-active again in 2008 as a joint venture of CSL New World Mobility and Telecom Digital . During the period of dormant , the brand was operated by sister company of New World Mobility Limited . History . New World Mobility . New World Mobility Limited was launched in 1998 and previously parented by New World PCS Limited , which the latter was incorporated in 1995 . New World Mobility , as a brand , was launched in 1997 . New World Mobility Limited later became dormant in 2003 , which the brand was operated by New World PCS directly . New World PCS was also the licence holder of personal communication services since 1996 . New World PCS became a public company indirectly , via a backdoor listing . A listed company Asia Logistics Technologies acquired New World PCS Holdings ( parent of New World PCS ) from New World Development and renamed itself into New World Mobile Holdings in 2004 . In March 2006 , New World PCS Limited merged with Hong Kong CSL Limited to form a new intermediate holding company called CSL New World Mobility , whose shareholders are Australian telecommunications company Telstra ( 76.4% ) and New World Mobile Holdings ( 23.6% ) . New World Mobility became one of the brands of the holding companys mobile services . In October 2006 , New World Mobile Holdings sold its 23.6% stakes of the intermediate holding company to New World Mobile Holdings parent company New World Development . New World PCS Limited was also renamed to CSL Limited , as a subsidiary of the new holding company in 2008 . New World Mobility Limited was back from dormant also in 2008 , which CSL Limited owned 60% stake since 2008–09 financial year . The rest of the stake of New World Mobility Limited , was acquired by also in 2008 ; the latter was a mobile virtual network operator of brands such as Rabbit , which bought the network usage from other companies . New World Mobility Limited operated the brand New World Mobility since circa 2008 . New World Development and Telstra sold the stake of CSL New World Mobility to HKT in December 2013 . After the transaction , HKT owned New World Mobility , CSL , PCCW Mobile and other brands . SUN Mobile . On 25 September 2014 , New World Mobility Limited ceased to exist as HKT revamped the subsidiary under the name SUN Mobile Limited , the company was jointly-owned by HKT ( instead of CSL Limited ) and Telecom Digital . However , the pronunciation of Sun was similar to the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese character ( ) of the old brand ; the new brand in Chinese , was also dropped the world World ( ) and replacing the suffix to Mobile Communications ( ) only , instead of Mobility Network ( ) .
|
[
"New World PCS",
"CSL Limited"
] |
[
{
"text": " Sun Mobile Limited ( branded as SUN Mobile ) , formerly known as New World Mobility Limited , is a mobile network operator brand and company in Hong Kong . It is a joint venture of HKT and .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": "New World Mobility Limited and New World Mobility was a subsidiary and a brand of New World PCS respectively ; New World PCS itself was a subsidiary of New World Development . However , New World Development sold the shares of its successor CSL New World Mobility in 2013 . The brand New World Mobility was active until 2014 , which was changed to SUN Mobile in the same year ; but the legal person New World Mobility Limited was once dormant until re-active again in 2008 as a joint venture of CSL New World Mobility and Telecom Digital .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": "During the period of dormant , the brand was operated by sister company of New World Mobility Limited .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": " New World Mobility Limited was launched in 1998 and previously parented by New World PCS Limited , which the latter was incorporated in 1995 . New World Mobility , as a brand , was launched in 1997 . New World Mobility Limited later became dormant in 2003 , which the brand was operated by New World PCS directly . New World PCS was also the licence holder of personal communication services since 1996 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": "New World PCS became a public company indirectly , via a backdoor listing . A listed company Asia Logistics Technologies acquired New World PCS Holdings ( parent of New World PCS ) from New World Development and renamed itself into New World Mobile Holdings in 2004 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " In March 2006 , New World PCS Limited merged with Hong Kong CSL Limited to form a new intermediate holding company called CSL New World Mobility , whose shareholders are Australian telecommunications company Telstra ( 76.4% ) and New World Mobile Holdings ( 23.6% ) . New World Mobility became one of the brands of the holding companys mobile services . In October 2006 , New World Mobile Holdings sold its 23.6% stakes of the intermediate holding company to New World Mobile Holdings parent company New World Development .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": "New World PCS Limited was also renamed to CSL Limited , as a subsidiary of the new holding company in 2008 . New World Mobility Limited was back from dormant also in 2008 , which CSL Limited owned 60% stake since 2008–09 financial year . The rest of the stake of New World Mobility Limited , was acquired by also in 2008 ; the latter was a mobile virtual network operator of brands such as Rabbit , which bought the network usage from other companies . New World Mobility Limited operated the brand New World Mobility since circa 2008 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " New World Development and Telstra sold the stake of CSL New World Mobility to HKT in December 2013 . After the transaction , HKT owned New World Mobility , CSL , PCCW Mobile and other brands .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " On 25 September 2014 , New World Mobility Limited ceased to exist as HKT revamped the subsidiary under the name SUN Mobile Limited , the company was jointly-owned by HKT ( instead of CSL Limited ) and Telecom Digital . However , the pronunciation of Sun was similar to the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese character ( ) of the old brand ; the new brand in Chinese , was also dropped the world World ( ) and replacing the suffix to Mobile Communications ( ) only , instead of Mobility Network ( ) .",
"title": "SUN Mobile"
}
] |
/wiki/Sun_Mobile#P749#4
|
Which organization owned Sun Mobile in Dec 2014?
|
Sun Mobile Sun Mobile Limited ( branded as SUN Mobile ) , formerly known as New World Mobility Limited , is a mobile network operator brand and company in Hong Kong . It is a joint venture of HKT and . New World Mobility Limited and New World Mobility was a subsidiary and a brand of New World PCS respectively ; New World PCS itself was a subsidiary of New World Development . However , New World Development sold the shares of its successor CSL New World Mobility in 2013 . The brand New World Mobility was active until 2014 , which was changed to SUN Mobile in the same year ; but the legal person New World Mobility Limited was once dormant until re-active again in 2008 as a joint venture of CSL New World Mobility and Telecom Digital . During the period of dormant , the brand was operated by sister company of New World Mobility Limited . History . New World Mobility . New World Mobility Limited was launched in 1998 and previously parented by New World PCS Limited , which the latter was incorporated in 1995 . New World Mobility , as a brand , was launched in 1997 . New World Mobility Limited later became dormant in 2003 , which the brand was operated by New World PCS directly . New World PCS was also the licence holder of personal communication services since 1996 . New World PCS became a public company indirectly , via a backdoor listing . A listed company Asia Logistics Technologies acquired New World PCS Holdings ( parent of New World PCS ) from New World Development and renamed itself into New World Mobile Holdings in 2004 . In March 2006 , New World PCS Limited merged with Hong Kong CSL Limited to form a new intermediate holding company called CSL New World Mobility , whose shareholders are Australian telecommunications company Telstra ( 76.4% ) and New World Mobile Holdings ( 23.6% ) . New World Mobility became one of the brands of the holding companys mobile services . In October 2006 , New World Mobile Holdings sold its 23.6% stakes of the intermediate holding company to New World Mobile Holdings parent company New World Development . New World PCS Limited was also renamed to CSL Limited , as a subsidiary of the new holding company in 2008 . New World Mobility Limited was back from dormant also in 2008 , which CSL Limited owned 60% stake since 2008–09 financial year . The rest of the stake of New World Mobility Limited , was acquired by also in 2008 ; the latter was a mobile virtual network operator of brands such as Rabbit , which bought the network usage from other companies . New World Mobility Limited operated the brand New World Mobility since circa 2008 . New World Development and Telstra sold the stake of CSL New World Mobility to HKT in December 2013 . After the transaction , HKT owned New World Mobility , CSL , PCCW Mobile and other brands . SUN Mobile . On 25 September 2014 , New World Mobility Limited ceased to exist as HKT revamped the subsidiary under the name SUN Mobile Limited , the company was jointly-owned by HKT ( instead of CSL Limited ) and Telecom Digital . However , the pronunciation of Sun was similar to the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese character ( ) of the old brand ; the new brand in Chinese , was also dropped the world World ( ) and replacing the suffix to Mobile Communications ( ) only , instead of Mobility Network ( ) .
|
[
"HKT"
] |
[
{
"text": " Sun Mobile Limited ( branded as SUN Mobile ) , formerly known as New World Mobility Limited , is a mobile network operator brand and company in Hong Kong . It is a joint venture of HKT and .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": "New World Mobility Limited and New World Mobility was a subsidiary and a brand of New World PCS respectively ; New World PCS itself was a subsidiary of New World Development . However , New World Development sold the shares of its successor CSL New World Mobility in 2013 . The brand New World Mobility was active until 2014 , which was changed to SUN Mobile in the same year ; but the legal person New World Mobility Limited was once dormant until re-active again in 2008 as a joint venture of CSL New World Mobility and Telecom Digital .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": "During the period of dormant , the brand was operated by sister company of New World Mobility Limited .",
"title": "Sun Mobile"
},
{
"text": " New World Mobility Limited was launched in 1998 and previously parented by New World PCS Limited , which the latter was incorporated in 1995 . New World Mobility , as a brand , was launched in 1997 . New World Mobility Limited later became dormant in 2003 , which the brand was operated by New World PCS directly . New World PCS was also the licence holder of personal communication services since 1996 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": "New World PCS became a public company indirectly , via a backdoor listing . A listed company Asia Logistics Technologies acquired New World PCS Holdings ( parent of New World PCS ) from New World Development and renamed itself into New World Mobile Holdings in 2004 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " In March 2006 , New World PCS Limited merged with Hong Kong CSL Limited to form a new intermediate holding company called CSL New World Mobility , whose shareholders are Australian telecommunications company Telstra ( 76.4% ) and New World Mobile Holdings ( 23.6% ) . New World Mobility became one of the brands of the holding companys mobile services . In October 2006 , New World Mobile Holdings sold its 23.6% stakes of the intermediate holding company to New World Mobile Holdings parent company New World Development .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": "New World PCS Limited was also renamed to CSL Limited , as a subsidiary of the new holding company in 2008 . New World Mobility Limited was back from dormant also in 2008 , which CSL Limited owned 60% stake since 2008–09 financial year . The rest of the stake of New World Mobility Limited , was acquired by also in 2008 ; the latter was a mobile virtual network operator of brands such as Rabbit , which bought the network usage from other companies . New World Mobility Limited operated the brand New World Mobility since circa 2008 .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " New World Development and Telstra sold the stake of CSL New World Mobility to HKT in December 2013 . After the transaction , HKT owned New World Mobility , CSL , PCCW Mobile and other brands .",
"title": "New World Mobility"
},
{
"text": " On 25 September 2014 , New World Mobility Limited ceased to exist as HKT revamped the subsidiary under the name SUN Mobile Limited , the company was jointly-owned by HKT ( instead of CSL Limited ) and Telecom Digital . However , the pronunciation of Sun was similar to the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese character ( ) of the old brand ; the new brand in Chinese , was also dropped the world World ( ) and replacing the suffix to Mobile Communications ( ) only , instead of Mobility Network ( ) .",
"title": "SUN Mobile"
}
] |
/wiki/Tom_Steyer#P108#0
|
Who did Tom Steyer work for in Aug 1979?
|
Tom Steyer Thomas Fahr Steyer ( born June 27 , 1957 ) is an American businessman , hedge fund manager , philanthropist , environmentalist , and liberal activist . Steyer is the founder and former co-senior-managing-partner of Farallon Capital and the co-founder of OneCalifornia Bank , which became ( through merger ) Beneficial State Bank , an Oakland-based community development bank . Farallon Capital manages $20 billion in capital for institutions and high-net-worth individuals . The firms institutional investors include college endowments and foundations . Steyer served on the board of trustees at Stanford University from 2007 to 2017 . Since 1986 , he has been a partner and member of the executive committee at Hellman & Friedman , a San Francisco–based private equity firm . In 2010 , Steyer and his wife signed The Giving Pledge to donate half of their fortune to charity during their lifetime . In 2012 , he sold his stake in and retired from Farallon Capital . Switching his focus to politics and the environment , he launched NextGen America , a nonprofit organization that supports progressive positions on climate change , immigration , health care , and education . Steyer sought the Democratic nomination for president in 2020 , but dropped out of the race after the first four state contests , having spent more than $191 million on campaign advertising but failing to obtain any pledged delegates . Early life and education . Steyer was born in Manhattan . His mother , Marnie ( née Fahr ) was a teacher of remedial reading at the Brooklyn House of Detention and his father , Roy Henry Steyer was a partner in the New York law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , and was a prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials . His father was a non-practicing Jew , and his mother was Episcopalian . Steyer grew up on the Upper East Side of Manhattan , and attended the Buckley School and Phillips Exeter Academy . He graduated from Yale University summa cum laude in economics and political science , and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa . He was captain of the soccer team . At Yale , Steyer was a member of Wolfs Head Society Steyer received his MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business , where he was an Arjay Miller Scholar . He has served on the Stanford University board of trustees . Career . After graduation from Yale , Steyer began his professional career at Morgan Stanley in 1979 . After two years at Morgan Stanley , he attended Stanford Graduate School of Business . Steyer worked at Goldman Sachs from 1983 to 1985 as an associate in the risk arbitrage division , where he was involved in mergers and acquisitions . He later became a partner and member of the Executive Committee at Hellman & Friedman , a San Francisco–based private equity firm . In January 1986 , Steyer founded Farallon Capital , a hedge fund firm headquartered in San Francisco . Steyer made his fortune running Farallon , which was managing $20 billion by the time he left the company . Steyer was known for taking high risks on distressed assets within volatile markets . In October 2012 , Steyer stepped down from his position at Farallon in order to focus on advocating for alternative energy . Steyer decided to dispose of his carbon-polluting investments in 2012 , although critics say he did not dispose of them quickly enough and noted that the lifespan of the facilities he funded would extend through 2030 . A 2014 New York Times article said coal-mining companies that Farallon invested in or lent money to under Steyer had increased their coal production by 70 million tons annually since receiving money from Farallon , and that Steyer remained invested in the Maules Creek coal mine . Prior to Steyer leaving Farallon , a student activist group called UnFarallon criticized the company for investments in companies with anti-environmental policies . In 2016 , some critics noted that Farallon had also invested in private prisons while Steyer was leading the hedge fund . According to SEC filings , Steyer was at the helm as the hedge fund purchased nearly $90 million of Corrections Corporation of America stock ( 5.5% of the companys outstanding shares ) . After leaving Farallon , Steyer hosted a two-day think-tank entitled the Big Think Climate Meeting to discuss how to address climate change . On April 17 , 2020 , it was announced that California Governor Gavin Newsom had selected Steyer to chair a task force focused on the states economic recovery after the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic . The task force will also include former Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen , Disney Executive Chairman Bob Iger , and Apple Inc . CEO Tim Cook . Steyers co-chair will be political advisor Ann OLeary . Philanthropy . In 2006 , Steyer and his wife , Kat Taylor , founded OneRoof , Inc. , a B Corp and social enterprise business designed to bring broadband connectivity , computer literacy , and employment skills via OneRoof Internet Centers to small rural towns in rural India and Mexico . In 2007 , Steyer and Taylor founded Beneficial State Bank , a community development bank , for the purpose of providing commercial banking services to underserved Bay Area businesses , nonprofits , and individuals , with operations now in California , Oregon , and Washington . Its stock ownership is entirely held by a foundation such that all profits are reinvested in local communities . Steyer and Taylor put up $22.5 million to start the bank and create the One PacificCoast Foundation to engage in charitable and educational activities , provide lending support , investments , and other services for disadvantaged communities and community service organizations in California . In August 2010 , Steyer and his wife signed onto The Giving Pledge , an initiative of Bill Gates and Warren Buffett . Steyer and Taylor created the TomKat Ranch in Pescadero , California , near Half Moon Bay . The ranch is meant to research and demonstrate a sustainable way of doing agriculture . The ranchs activities include underwriting healthy food programs and co-producing an independent film , La Mission , starring Benjamin Bratt , about San Franciscos Mission neighborhood . Around 2011 , Steyer joined the board of Next Generation , a nonprofit intending to tackle childrens issues and the environment . In 2013 , Steyer founded NextGen Climate , an environmental advocacy nonprofit and political action committee . In August 2015 , Steyer launched the Fair Shake Commission on Income Inequality and Middle Class Opportunity , which was intended to advocate policies for promoting income equality . Political activity . In 1983 , Steyer worked on Walter Mondales presidential campaign . He raised money for Bill Bradley in 2000 and John Kerry in 2004 . An early supporter of Hillary Clinton in 2008 , Steyer became one of Barack Obamas most prolific fundraisers . Steyer served as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 2004 and 2008 . Steyer has been a member of the Hamilton Project and has been involved with the Democracy Alliance , a network of progressive donors whose membership in the group requires them to donate at least $200,000 a year to recommended organizations . After the Obama victory in 2008 , Steyer was considered for appointment as Secretary of Treasury . Jim Steyer , Toms brother , told Mens Journal that Obama and his advisors would regret having chosen someone else , due to his expertise . In January 2013 , rumors briefly arose that Steyer might be named as a replacement for Energy Secretary Steven Chu . Asked whether he would accept such an appointment , Steyer said he would . Ballot measures . In 2010 , Steyer joined former Secretary of State , San Francisco-based George Shultz , to co-chair the No on Prop . 23 campaign , the measure on the November 2010 ballot concerning Californias environmental legislation , AB32 . He donated $5 million to the campaign , which defeated Proposition 23 . In 2012 , Steyer was the leading sponsor of Proposition 39 on the ballot in California . Its purpose was to close a loophole that allowed multi-state corporations to pay taxes out of state , mandating that they pay in California . Steyer contributed $29.6 million , saying that he could wait no longer for the change . While supporters of Steyers effort said it would help break the partisan gridlock in Sacramento , critics objected that the increasing involvement of rich individuals perverts the original intent of the initiatives . Kim Alexander , president of the California Voter Foundation , said that the level of giving was unprecedented for an individual donor . Some critics called the initiative an ineffective jobs stimulus , while Steyer labeled it a success for closing a corporate loophole . 2012 . In 2012 , Steyer hosted a fundraiser at his home for President Obama . At a private meeting , Steyer , along with fifteen other top donors , reportedly pressed the president regarding the Keystone pipeline , which Steyer opposed . Obama was said to be supportive of Steyers views , but reluctant to put his full weight behind any initiatives without better proof . Steyer was critical of Obamas decision to keep an energy initiative as a low priority . Democratic National Convention speech . Steyer gave a speech at the 2012 Democratic National Convention , saying that the election was a choice about whether to go backward or forward . And that choice is especially stark when it comes to energy . Steyer said that Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney would take no action to reduce U.S . dependence on fossil fuels ; rather , he said , Romney would increase it . Steyer went on to support Obamas policies , which he described as investments to make us energy independent and create thousands of jobs . 2013–2014 . Anti-Keystone rally . In February 2013 , Steyer spoke at an anti-Keystone XL Pipeline rally on the Washington Mall organized by Bill McKibben and attended by tens of thousands . McKibben asked Steyer to join the protest by tying himself to the White House gate and getting arrested , but Steyer was dissuaded by his brother Jim . NextGen America . In 2013 , Steyer founded NextGen Climate ( now NextGen America ) , an environmental advocacy nonprofit and political action committee . NextGen Climate provided the environmentalist movement with significant capital and political influence . Steyer spent almost $74 million on the 2014 elections . In October 2017 , NextGen America donated grants totaling $2.3-million to eight national immigration law service organizations , including the University of California Immigrant Legal Services Center , the Immigration Law Clinic at U C Davis School of Law , U C Hastings Center for Gender and Refugee Studies , Asian Americans Advancing Justice — Asian Law Caucus , California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation , Center for Community Change , American Immigration Lawyers Association , and the Council on American-Islamic Relations . Electoral campaign activity . In 2014 , Steyer funded political campaigns to advocate for the election of at least nine candidates and to influence climate change policy through NextGen Climate . Those races included helping elect Ed Markey of Massachusetts over Stephen Lynch to the Senate in a special election in 2013 . Reportedly , Steyer spent $1.8 million attacking Lynch , including money for a plane Steyer paid to fly over a Boston Red Sox game with a banner that read , Steve Lynch for Oil Evil Empire . Steyer supported Democrat Terry McAuliffes successful 2013 campaign for governor of Virginia through his NextGen Climate Action , contributing funds for paid media ( such as television advertisements ) and get-out-the-vote efforts . Steyer also supported Democrats in Senate races in Iowa , Colorado , New Hampshire , and Michigan and in Gubernatorial races in Pennsylvania , Maine , and Florida . Steyer cited Floridas pivotal role in the 2016 presidential election and its geographic position , which makes it highly vulnerable to climate change , as reasons for his focus on the state . In June 2014 , Steyer said he planned to get involved in California legislative races , targeting three to four races in each house of the Legislature in a bid to affect climate change policy . The Guardian reported in 2014 that Steyer had become the single largest donor in American politics and is the leading advocate of environmental issues . Steyer spent about $67 million of his personal fortune in the 2014 midterm elections and had a 40% success rate . Of the seven Senate and gubernatorial candidates NextGen Climate supported , three won their races . 2015 . In April 2015 , Steyer testified before the California Legislature in favor of a greenhouse-gas reduction bill . In August 2015 , Steyer was the guest of honor at the California Democratic Party headquarters to discuss bills to cut gasoline use in half by 2030 , although Steyer did not commit to spending large sums of money to support the bills . In July 2015 , Steyer called on 2016 candidates to develop strategic plans to provide the United States with at least 50% of its energy from clean sources by 2030 . Reportedly , the message was targeted at Hillary Clinton , who had yet to outline an environmental policy . It was suggested that this was a strategic move to secure a political alliance with Clinton . 2016 . Steyer raised money for Hillary Clinton , and he hosted a fundraiser on her behalf at his Burlingame home . Steyer contributed $87,057,853 in funds exclusively to Democratic Party candidates during the 2016 election cycle . Trump impeachment campaign . Beginning in October 2017 , Steyer spent approximately $10 million for a television ad campaign advocating the impeachment of Donald Trump , and more on a digital ad campaign to call for Trumps impeachment . In the ad , Steyer identifies himself only as an American citizen and alleges that Trump brought us to the brink of nuclear war , obstructed justice at the FBI , and in direct violation of the Constitution has taken money from foreign governments and threatened to shut down news organizations that report the truth . Trump responded by calling Steyer wacky and totally unhinged . The Need to Impeach campaign led to speculation that Steyer was planning a run for California governor or California senator in 2018 , although he did not do so . In March 2018 , Steyer launched a 30-city town hall tour and , going into the fall election season , the campaign had amassed close to 6 million petition signatures . Steyer stepped down from his role as President at Need to Impeach in July 2019 when he announced his presidential campaign . As of 2019 , he has reportedly spent over $70 million in the effort . Steyer said Need to Impeach will continue under new leadership and named Nathaly Arriola , as the new Executive Director . Potential gubernatorial bid . Steyer considered running for governor of California in 2018 but in January 2018 announced that he would not run in the election . 2020 presidential campaign . After initially indicating that he would not seek the presidency , Steyer launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination on July 9 , 2019 , in an online campaign video posted to Twitter . As a self-funded candidate , Steyer committed himself to spending millions of dollars in campaign advertising . Steyer qualified for , and participated in , six televised Democratic primary debates and failed to qualify for one debate . Steyer came in seventh place in the Iowa caucuses and sixth place in the New Hampshire primaries out of the 11 active candidates , receiving no delegates . He earned no national pledged delegates from Iowa , New Hampshire , or Nevada . Steyer spent a great deal of time and money in South Carolina , far outspending other candidates . However , on February 29 , 2020 , he finished third ( behind Joe Biden and Bernie Sanders ) . Following that result , he suspended his campaign . Steyer spent over $253 million , with all but a little over $3.5 million coming from his personal funds . This amount worked out to be $3,373 for every vote he received in the three primaries where he was on the ballot before dropping out of the race . During Steyers time as a candidate , his campaign spending surpassed that of every other Democratic candidate except for fellow billionaire Michael Bloomberg . Political positions . Environmentalism . Keystone Pipeline . After holding several conversations during the summer of 2012 with environmental writer Bill McKibben , Steyer decided to focus much of his attention on the Keystone Pipeline . Steyer officially left Farallon in 2012 . He was criticized by some Republicans for attacking the pipeline even though he held some investments in the fossil-fuel industry . The investments included stock in Kinder Morgan , which had its own pipeline connecting the Canadian bitumen sands to a port on the Pacific , which could be seen as a rival to the Keystone pipeline . Steyer promised to fully unload his holdings there within a year . In September 2013 , Steyer appeared in a series of commercials in opposition to the proposed pipeline . In a November 2015 interview , Steyer described the Obama administrations decision to reject the Keystone pipeline as fantastic . Global warming and renewable energy . In 2008 , Steyer and Taylor gave $41 million to create the TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy at Stanford University . Part of the Precourt Institute of Energy , it is focused on the development of affordable renewable energy technologies , and promotion of public policies to make renewable energy more accessible . Projects included the creation of lighter , less toxic , and more durable batteries , and an analysis of the then-current power grids capacities to support future renewable energy technologies . In October 2013 , Steyer launched a bipartisan initiative to combat climate change along with then-New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and former Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson . The initiative , called the Risky Business Project , focuses on quantifying and publicizing the economic risks of climate change in the United States . Bloomberg , Paulson , and Steyer serve as co-chairs . The Project has published three reports—a National Report in June 2014 , a Midwest Report in January 2015 , and a California Report in April 2015 . In 2015 , Steyer signed on to the Bill Gates Breakthrough Energy Coalition . The goal of the coalition is to jumpstart the demand and availability of green energy sources . Healthcare . Steyer opposes Medicare for All but supports expanding coverage . Steyer became the first presidential candidate who took a position supporting a cure for AIDS during a question on the topic posed to him at the CNNs LGBT town hall in October 2019 http://westviewnews.org/2019/11/01/presidential-candidates-pledge-aids-cure/web-admin/ . Gun control . Regarding gun control , Steyer supports a ban on assault weapons and universal background checks . Campaign finance . Asked in a November 2014 interview why he invests his money into elections rather than philanthropic organizations , Steyer stated that the price of inaction is too high not to take a direct role . He has said that he opposes Citizens United v . FEC , the 2010 Supreme Court decision allowing unlimited corporate donations to super PACs , but since climate change is urgent he will take necessary actions to provide funding nonetheless . Taxation . In an interview in October 2017 , Steyer said that he was in favor of raising personal taxes . He said that upper-income people in the United States had done disproportionately well at the expense of working families . Steyer called one version of a 2017 Republican tax reform proposal a thinly veiled reverse Robin Hood . 5 Rights . In November 2018 , in a full-page USA Today ad , Steyer outlined five non-partisan issue areas on which he said the Democrats should campaign , and which represent essential freedoms that should be guaranteed for all Americans : voting rights protections , a clean environment , a complete education , a living wage , and good health . Awards and honors . Steyer has received a number of awards and honors for his environmental work , including the Phillip Burton Public Service Award of Consumer Watchdog ( 2011 ) , the Environmental Leadership Award of the California League of Conservation Voters ( 2012 ) , the Environmental Achievement Award of the Environmental Law Institute ( 2013 ) , and the Land Conservation Award of the Open Space Institute ( 2015 ) . Steyer received Equality Californias 2015 Humanitarian Award for his work advancing progressive causes that benefit the LGBT community . Personal life . In August 1986 , Steyer married Kathryn Ann Taylor , a graduate of Harvard College who earned a Master of Business Administration and a Juris Doctor from Stanford University . The Reverend Richard Thayer , a Presbyterian minister , and Rabbi Charles Familant performed the ceremony . They have four children , Samuel Taylor ( Sam ) , Charles Augustus ( Gus ) , Evelyn Hoover ( Evi ) , and Henry Hume ( Henry ) . Kathryn was on the Presidents Council for the United Religions Initiative , an interfaith group . Steyer has two brothers : Hume Steyer , an attorney in New York City and Jim Steyer , an attorney , author , and a Stanford University professor . Steyer has a net worth of $1.6 billion . Mens Journal mentioned the modest aspects of his lifestyle noting that he owns an outdated hybrid Honda Accord and eschews luxury items such as expensive watches . Steyer wears tartan neckties every day , because in his words “You gotta dress up for a fight.” In his late 30s , Steyer had a revelation and began an involvement in the Episcopal Church , the religion of his mother ( his father was a non-practicing Jew ) . He has stated that during this time he became much more interested in religion and theology . The new interest reportedly galvanized his political advocacy . In 2018 , Steyer received two suspicious packages from convicted mail bomber Cesar Sayoc . External links . - Official website - Farallon Capital Management - Hellman & Friedman LLC
|
[
"Morgan Stanley"
] |
[
{
"text": "Thomas Fahr Steyer ( born June 27 , 1957 ) is an American businessman , hedge fund manager , philanthropist , environmentalist , and liberal activist . Steyer is the founder and former co-senior-managing-partner of Farallon Capital and the co-founder of OneCalifornia Bank , which became ( through merger ) Beneficial State Bank , an Oakland-based community development bank . Farallon Capital manages $20 billion in capital for institutions and high-net-worth individuals . The firms institutional investors include college endowments and foundations . Steyer served on the board of trustees at Stanford University from 2007 to 2017 . Since 1986",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": ", he has been a partner and member of the executive committee at Hellman & Friedman , a San Francisco–based private equity firm .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Steyer and his wife signed The Giving Pledge to donate half of their fortune to charity during their lifetime . In 2012 , he sold his stake in and retired from Farallon Capital . Switching his focus to politics and the environment , he launched NextGen America , a nonprofit organization that supports progressive positions on climate change , immigration , health care , and education .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": "Steyer sought the Democratic nomination for president in 2020 , but dropped out of the race after the first four state contests , having spent more than $191 million on campaign advertising but failing to obtain any pledged delegates .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Steyer was born in Manhattan . His mother , Marnie ( née Fahr ) was a teacher of remedial reading at the Brooklyn House of Detention and his father , Roy Henry Steyer was a partner in the New York law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , and was a prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials . His father was a non-practicing Jew , and his mother was Episcopalian .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": "Steyer grew up on the Upper East Side of Manhattan , and attended the Buckley School and Phillips Exeter Academy . He graduated from Yale University summa cum laude in economics and political science , and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa . He was captain of the soccer team . At Yale , Steyer was a member of Wolfs Head Society Steyer received his MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business , where he was an Arjay Miller Scholar . He has served on the Stanford University board of trustees .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": " After graduation from Yale , Steyer began his professional career at Morgan Stanley in 1979 . After two years at Morgan Stanley , he attended Stanford Graduate School of Business . Steyer worked at Goldman Sachs from 1983 to 1985 as an associate in the risk arbitrage division , where he was involved in mergers and acquisitions . He later became a partner and member of the Executive Committee at Hellman & Friedman , a San Francisco–based private equity firm .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In January 1986 , Steyer founded Farallon Capital , a hedge fund firm headquartered in San Francisco . Steyer made his fortune running Farallon , which was managing $20 billion by the time he left the company . Steyer was known for taking high risks on distressed assets within volatile markets .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In October 2012 , Steyer stepped down from his position at Farallon in order to focus on advocating for alternative energy . Steyer decided to dispose of his carbon-polluting investments in 2012 , although critics say he did not dispose of them quickly enough and noted that the lifespan of the facilities he funded would extend through 2030 . A 2014 New York Times article said coal-mining companies that Farallon invested in or lent money to under Steyer had increased their coal production by 70 million tons annually since receiving money from Farallon , and that Steyer remained invested in",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "the Maules Creek coal mine . Prior to Steyer leaving Farallon , a student activist group called UnFarallon criticized the company for investments in companies with anti-environmental policies . In 2016 , some critics noted that Farallon had also invested in private prisons while Steyer was leading the hedge fund . According to SEC filings , Steyer was at the helm as the hedge fund purchased nearly $90 million of Corrections Corporation of America stock ( 5.5% of the companys outstanding shares ) . After leaving Farallon , Steyer hosted a two-day think-tank entitled the Big Think Climate Meeting to",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "discuss how to address climate change .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " On April 17 , 2020 , it was announced that California Governor Gavin Newsom had selected Steyer to chair a task force focused on the states economic recovery after the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic . The task force will also include former Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen , Disney Executive Chairman Bob Iger , and Apple Inc . CEO Tim Cook . Steyers co-chair will be political advisor Ann OLeary .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 2006 , Steyer and his wife , Kat Taylor , founded OneRoof , Inc. , a B Corp and social enterprise business designed to bring broadband connectivity , computer literacy , and employment skills via OneRoof Internet Centers to small rural towns in rural India and Mexico .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , Steyer and Taylor founded Beneficial State Bank , a community development bank , for the purpose of providing commercial banking services to underserved Bay Area businesses , nonprofits , and individuals , with operations now in California , Oregon , and Washington . Its stock ownership is entirely held by a foundation such that all profits are reinvested in local communities .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " Steyer and Taylor put up $22.5 million to start the bank and create the One PacificCoast Foundation to engage in charitable and educational activities , provide lending support , investments , and other services for disadvantaged communities and community service organizations in California . In August 2010 , Steyer and his wife signed onto The Giving Pledge , an initiative of Bill Gates and Warren Buffett .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": "Steyer and Taylor created the TomKat Ranch in Pescadero , California , near Half Moon Bay . The ranch is meant to research and demonstrate a sustainable way of doing agriculture . The ranchs activities include underwriting healthy food programs and co-producing an independent film , La Mission , starring Benjamin Bratt , about San Franciscos Mission neighborhood . Around 2011 , Steyer joined the board of Next Generation , a nonprofit intending to tackle childrens issues and the environment . In 2013 , Steyer founded NextGen Climate , an environmental advocacy nonprofit and political action committee .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " In August 2015 , Steyer launched the Fair Shake Commission on Income Inequality and Middle Class Opportunity , which was intended to advocate policies for promoting income equality .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " In 1983 , Steyer worked on Walter Mondales presidential campaign . He raised money for Bill Bradley in 2000 and John Kerry in 2004 .",
"title": "Political activity"
},
{
"text": "An early supporter of Hillary Clinton in 2008 , Steyer became one of Barack Obamas most prolific fundraisers . Steyer served as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 2004 and 2008 . Steyer has been a member of the Hamilton Project and has been involved with the Democracy Alliance , a network of progressive donors whose membership in the group requires them to donate at least $200,000 a year to recommended organizations .",
"title": "Political activity"
},
{
"text": " After the Obama victory in 2008 , Steyer was considered for appointment as Secretary of Treasury . Jim Steyer , Toms brother , told Mens Journal that Obama and his advisors would regret having chosen someone else , due to his expertise . In January 2013 , rumors briefly arose that Steyer might be named as a replacement for Energy Secretary Steven Chu . Asked whether he would accept such an appointment , Steyer said he would .",
"title": "Political activity"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Steyer joined former Secretary of State , San Francisco-based George Shultz , to co-chair the No on Prop . 23 campaign , the measure on the November 2010 ballot concerning Californias environmental legislation , AB32 . He donated $5 million to the campaign , which defeated Proposition 23 .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 , Steyer was the leading sponsor of Proposition 39 on the ballot in California . Its purpose was to close a loophole that allowed multi-state corporations to pay taxes out of state , mandating that they pay in California . Steyer contributed $29.6 million , saying that he could wait no longer for the change .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": " While supporters of Steyers effort said it would help break the partisan gridlock in Sacramento , critics objected that the increasing involvement of rich individuals perverts the original intent of the initiatives . Kim Alexander , president of the California Voter Foundation , said that the level of giving was unprecedented for an individual donor . Some critics called the initiative an ineffective jobs stimulus , while Steyer labeled it a success for closing a corporate loophole . 2012 .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 , Steyer hosted a fundraiser at his home for President Obama . At a private meeting , Steyer , along with fifteen other top donors , reportedly pressed the president regarding the Keystone pipeline , which Steyer opposed . Obama was said to be supportive of Steyers views , but reluctant to put his full weight behind any initiatives without better proof . Steyer was critical of Obamas decision to keep an energy initiative as a low priority .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": " Democratic National Convention speech . Steyer gave a speech at the 2012 Democratic National Convention , saying that the election was a choice about whether to go backward or forward . And that choice is especially stark when it comes to energy . Steyer said that Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney would take no action to reduce U.S . dependence on fossil fuels ; rather , he said , Romney would increase it . Steyer went on to support Obamas policies , which he described as investments to make us energy independent and create thousands of jobs .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": "2013–2014 .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": " In February 2013 , Steyer spoke at an anti-Keystone XL Pipeline rally on the Washington Mall organized by Bill McKibben and attended by tens of thousands . McKibben asked Steyer to join the protest by tying himself to the White House gate and getting arrested , but Steyer was dissuaded by his brother Jim .",
"title": "Anti-Keystone rally"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , Steyer founded NextGen Climate ( now NextGen America ) , an environmental advocacy nonprofit and political action committee . NextGen Climate provided the environmentalist movement with significant capital and political influence . Steyer spent almost $74 million on the 2014 elections .",
"title": "NextGen America"
},
{
"text": "In October 2017 , NextGen America donated grants totaling $2.3-million to eight national immigration law service organizations , including the University of California Immigrant Legal Services Center , the Immigration Law Clinic at U C Davis School of Law , U C Hastings Center for Gender and Refugee Studies , Asian Americans Advancing Justice — Asian Law Caucus , California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation , Center for Community Change , American Immigration Lawyers Association , and the Council on American-Islamic Relations .",
"title": "NextGen America"
},
{
"text": " In 2014 , Steyer funded political campaigns to advocate for the election of at least nine candidates and to influence climate change policy through NextGen Climate . Those races included helping elect Ed Markey of Massachusetts over Stephen Lynch to the Senate in a special election in 2013 . Reportedly , Steyer spent $1.8 million attacking Lynch , including money for a plane Steyer paid to fly over a Boston Red Sox game with a banner that read , Steve Lynch for Oil Evil Empire .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": "Steyer supported Democrat Terry McAuliffes successful 2013 campaign for governor of Virginia through his NextGen Climate Action , contributing funds for paid media ( such as television advertisements ) and get-out-the-vote efforts . Steyer also supported Democrats in Senate races in Iowa , Colorado , New Hampshire , and Michigan and in Gubernatorial races in Pennsylvania , Maine , and Florida . Steyer cited Floridas pivotal role in the 2016 presidential election and its geographic position , which makes it highly vulnerable to climate change , as reasons for his focus on the state .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": " In June 2014 , Steyer said he planned to get involved in California legislative races , targeting three to four races in each house of the Legislature in a bid to affect climate change policy . The Guardian reported in 2014 that Steyer had become the single largest donor in American politics and is the leading advocate of environmental issues . Steyer spent about $67 million of his personal fortune in the 2014 midterm elections and had a 40% success rate . Of the seven Senate and gubernatorial candidates NextGen Climate supported , three won their races .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": "2015 .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": " In April 2015 , Steyer testified before the California Legislature in favor of a greenhouse-gas reduction bill . In August 2015 , Steyer was the guest of honor at the California Democratic Party headquarters to discuss bills to cut gasoline use in half by 2030 , although Steyer did not commit to spending large sums of money to support the bills .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": "In July 2015 , Steyer called on 2016 candidates to develop strategic plans to provide the United States with at least 50% of its energy from clean sources by 2030 . Reportedly , the message was targeted at Hillary Clinton , who had yet to outline an environmental policy . It was suggested that this was a strategic move to secure a political alliance with Clinton .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": " 2016 . Steyer raised money for Hillary Clinton , and he hosted a fundraiser on her behalf at his Burlingame home . Steyer contributed $87,057,853 in funds exclusively to Democratic Party candidates during the 2016 election cycle .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in October 2017 , Steyer spent approximately $10 million for a television ad campaign advocating the impeachment of Donald Trump , and more on a digital ad campaign to call for Trumps impeachment . In the ad , Steyer identifies himself only as an American citizen and alleges that Trump brought us to the brink of nuclear war , obstructed justice at the FBI , and in direct violation of the Constitution has taken money from foreign governments and threatened to shut down news organizations that report the truth . Trump responded by calling Steyer wacky and totally unhinged",
"title": "Trump impeachment campaign"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Trump impeachment campaign"
},
{
"text": " The Need to Impeach campaign led to speculation that Steyer was planning a run for California governor or California senator in 2018 , although he did not do so . In March 2018 , Steyer launched a 30-city town hall tour and , going into the fall election season , the campaign had amassed close to 6 million petition signatures .",
"title": "Trump impeachment campaign"
},
{
"text": "Steyer stepped down from his role as President at Need to Impeach in July 2019 when he announced his presidential campaign . As of 2019 , he has reportedly spent over $70 million in the effort . Steyer said Need to Impeach will continue under new leadership and named Nathaly Arriola , as the new Executive Director .",
"title": "Trump impeachment campaign"
},
{
"text": " Steyer considered running for governor of California in 2018 but in January 2018 announced that he would not run in the election . 2020 presidential campaign . After initially indicating that he would not seek the presidency , Steyer launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination on July 9 , 2019 , in an online campaign video posted to Twitter . As a self-funded candidate , Steyer committed himself to spending millions of dollars in campaign advertising .",
"title": "Potential gubernatorial bid"
},
{
"text": "Steyer qualified for , and participated in , six televised Democratic primary debates and failed to qualify for one debate .",
"title": "Potential gubernatorial bid"
},
{
"text": " Steyer came in seventh place in the Iowa caucuses and sixth place in the New Hampshire primaries out of the 11 active candidates , receiving no delegates . He earned no national pledged delegates from Iowa , New Hampshire , or Nevada . Steyer spent a great deal of time and money in South Carolina , far outspending other candidates . However , on February 29 , 2020 , he finished third ( behind Joe Biden and Bernie Sanders ) . Following that result , he suspended his campaign .",
"title": "Potential gubernatorial bid"
},
{
"text": "Steyer spent over $253 million , with all but a little over $3.5 million coming from his personal funds . This amount worked out to be $3,373 for every vote he received in the three primaries where he was on the ballot before dropping out of the race . During Steyers time as a candidate , his campaign spending surpassed that of every other Democratic candidate except for fellow billionaire Michael Bloomberg .",
"title": "Potential gubernatorial bid"
},
{
"text": "After holding several conversations during the summer of 2012 with environmental writer Bill McKibben , Steyer decided to focus much of his attention on the Keystone Pipeline . Steyer officially left Farallon in 2012 . He was criticized by some Republicans for attacking the pipeline even though he held some investments in the fossil-fuel industry . The investments included stock in Kinder Morgan , which had its own pipeline connecting the Canadian bitumen sands to a port on the Pacific , which could be seen as a rival to the Keystone pipeline . Steyer promised to fully unload his holdings",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": "there within a year . In September 2013 , Steyer appeared in a series of commercials in opposition to the proposed pipeline .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": " In a November 2015 interview , Steyer described the Obama administrations decision to reject the Keystone pipeline as fantastic . Global warming and renewable energy .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , Steyer and Taylor gave $41 million to create the TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy at Stanford University . Part of the Precourt Institute of Energy , it is focused on the development of affordable renewable energy technologies , and promotion of public policies to make renewable energy more accessible . Projects included the creation of lighter , less toxic , and more durable batteries , and an analysis of the then-current power grids capacities to support future renewable energy technologies .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": " In October 2013 , Steyer launched a bipartisan initiative to combat climate change along with then-New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and former Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson . The initiative , called the Risky Business Project , focuses on quantifying and publicizing the economic risks of climate change in the United States . Bloomberg , Paulson , and Steyer serve as co-chairs . The Project has published three reports—a National Report in June 2014 , a Midwest Report in January 2015 , and a California Report in April 2015 .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": "In 2015 , Steyer signed on to the Bill Gates Breakthrough Energy Coalition . The goal of the coalition is to jumpstart the demand and availability of green energy sources .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": " Steyer opposes Medicare for All but supports expanding coverage . Steyer became the first presidential candidate who took a position supporting a cure for AIDS during a question on the topic posed to him at the CNNs LGBT town hall in October 2019 http://westviewnews.org/2019/11/01/presidential-candidates-pledge-aids-cure/web-admin/ .",
"title": "Healthcare"
},
{
"text": " Regarding gun control , Steyer supports a ban on assault weapons and universal background checks .",
"title": "Gun control"
},
{
"text": " Asked in a November 2014 interview why he invests his money into elections rather than philanthropic organizations , Steyer stated that the price of inaction is too high not to take a direct role . He has said that he opposes Citizens United v . FEC , the 2010 Supreme Court decision allowing unlimited corporate donations to super PACs , but since climate change is urgent he will take necessary actions to provide funding nonetheless .",
"title": "Campaign finance"
},
{
"text": " In an interview in October 2017 , Steyer said that he was in favor of raising personal taxes . He said that upper-income people in the United States had done disproportionately well at the expense of working families . Steyer called one version of a 2017 Republican tax reform proposal a thinly veiled reverse Robin Hood . 5 Rights .",
"title": "Taxation"
},
{
"text": "In November 2018 , in a full-page USA Today ad , Steyer outlined five non-partisan issue areas on which he said the Democrats should campaign , and which represent essential freedoms that should be guaranteed for all Americans : voting rights protections , a clean environment , a complete education , a living wage , and good health .",
"title": "Taxation"
},
{
"text": " Steyer has received a number of awards and honors for his environmental work , including the Phillip Burton Public Service Award of Consumer Watchdog ( 2011 ) , the Environmental Leadership Award of the California League of Conservation Voters ( 2012 ) , the Environmental Achievement Award of the Environmental Law Institute ( 2013 ) , and the Land Conservation Award of the Open Space Institute ( 2015 ) . Steyer received Equality Californias 2015 Humanitarian Award for his work advancing progressive causes that benefit the LGBT community .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " In August 1986 , Steyer married Kathryn Ann Taylor , a graduate of Harvard College who earned a Master of Business Administration and a Juris Doctor from Stanford University . The Reverend Richard Thayer , a Presbyterian minister , and Rabbi Charles Familant performed the ceremony . They have four children , Samuel Taylor ( Sam ) , Charles Augustus ( Gus ) , Evelyn Hoover ( Evi ) , and Henry Hume ( Henry ) . Kathryn was on the Presidents Council for the United Religions Initiative , an interfaith group .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Steyer has two brothers : Hume Steyer , an attorney in New York City and Jim Steyer , an attorney , author , and a Stanford University professor .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Steyer has a net worth of $1.6 billion . Mens Journal mentioned the modest aspects of his lifestyle noting that he owns an outdated hybrid Honda Accord and eschews luxury items such as expensive watches . Steyer wears tartan neckties every day , because in his words “You gotta dress up for a fight.”",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In his late 30s , Steyer had a revelation and began an involvement in the Episcopal Church , the religion of his mother ( his father was a non-practicing Jew ) . He has stated that during this time he became much more interested in religion and theology . The new interest reportedly galvanized his political advocacy .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , Steyer received two suspicious packages from convicted mail bomber Cesar Sayoc .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Official website - Farallon Capital Management - Hellman & Friedman LLC",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Tom_Steyer#P108#1
|
Who did Tom Steyer work for between Nov 1983 and Dec 1983?
|
Tom Steyer Thomas Fahr Steyer ( born June 27 , 1957 ) is an American businessman , hedge fund manager , philanthropist , environmentalist , and liberal activist . Steyer is the founder and former co-senior-managing-partner of Farallon Capital and the co-founder of OneCalifornia Bank , which became ( through merger ) Beneficial State Bank , an Oakland-based community development bank . Farallon Capital manages $20 billion in capital for institutions and high-net-worth individuals . The firms institutional investors include college endowments and foundations . Steyer served on the board of trustees at Stanford University from 2007 to 2017 . Since 1986 , he has been a partner and member of the executive committee at Hellman & Friedman , a San Francisco–based private equity firm . In 2010 , Steyer and his wife signed The Giving Pledge to donate half of their fortune to charity during their lifetime . In 2012 , he sold his stake in and retired from Farallon Capital . Switching his focus to politics and the environment , he launched NextGen America , a nonprofit organization that supports progressive positions on climate change , immigration , health care , and education . Steyer sought the Democratic nomination for president in 2020 , but dropped out of the race after the first four state contests , having spent more than $191 million on campaign advertising but failing to obtain any pledged delegates . Early life and education . Steyer was born in Manhattan . His mother , Marnie ( née Fahr ) was a teacher of remedial reading at the Brooklyn House of Detention and his father , Roy Henry Steyer was a partner in the New York law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , and was a prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials . His father was a non-practicing Jew , and his mother was Episcopalian . Steyer grew up on the Upper East Side of Manhattan , and attended the Buckley School and Phillips Exeter Academy . He graduated from Yale University summa cum laude in economics and political science , and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa . He was captain of the soccer team . At Yale , Steyer was a member of Wolfs Head Society Steyer received his MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business , where he was an Arjay Miller Scholar . He has served on the Stanford University board of trustees . Career . After graduation from Yale , Steyer began his professional career at Morgan Stanley in 1979 . After two years at Morgan Stanley , he attended Stanford Graduate School of Business . Steyer worked at Goldman Sachs from 1983 to 1985 as an associate in the risk arbitrage division , where he was involved in mergers and acquisitions . He later became a partner and member of the Executive Committee at Hellman & Friedman , a San Francisco–based private equity firm . In January 1986 , Steyer founded Farallon Capital , a hedge fund firm headquartered in San Francisco . Steyer made his fortune running Farallon , which was managing $20 billion by the time he left the company . Steyer was known for taking high risks on distressed assets within volatile markets . In October 2012 , Steyer stepped down from his position at Farallon in order to focus on advocating for alternative energy . Steyer decided to dispose of his carbon-polluting investments in 2012 , although critics say he did not dispose of them quickly enough and noted that the lifespan of the facilities he funded would extend through 2030 . A 2014 New York Times article said coal-mining companies that Farallon invested in or lent money to under Steyer had increased their coal production by 70 million tons annually since receiving money from Farallon , and that Steyer remained invested in the Maules Creek coal mine . Prior to Steyer leaving Farallon , a student activist group called UnFarallon criticized the company for investments in companies with anti-environmental policies . In 2016 , some critics noted that Farallon had also invested in private prisons while Steyer was leading the hedge fund . According to SEC filings , Steyer was at the helm as the hedge fund purchased nearly $90 million of Corrections Corporation of America stock ( 5.5% of the companys outstanding shares ) . After leaving Farallon , Steyer hosted a two-day think-tank entitled the Big Think Climate Meeting to discuss how to address climate change . On April 17 , 2020 , it was announced that California Governor Gavin Newsom had selected Steyer to chair a task force focused on the states economic recovery after the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic . The task force will also include former Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen , Disney Executive Chairman Bob Iger , and Apple Inc . CEO Tim Cook . Steyers co-chair will be political advisor Ann OLeary . Philanthropy . In 2006 , Steyer and his wife , Kat Taylor , founded OneRoof , Inc. , a B Corp and social enterprise business designed to bring broadband connectivity , computer literacy , and employment skills via OneRoof Internet Centers to small rural towns in rural India and Mexico . In 2007 , Steyer and Taylor founded Beneficial State Bank , a community development bank , for the purpose of providing commercial banking services to underserved Bay Area businesses , nonprofits , and individuals , with operations now in California , Oregon , and Washington . Its stock ownership is entirely held by a foundation such that all profits are reinvested in local communities . Steyer and Taylor put up $22.5 million to start the bank and create the One PacificCoast Foundation to engage in charitable and educational activities , provide lending support , investments , and other services for disadvantaged communities and community service organizations in California . In August 2010 , Steyer and his wife signed onto The Giving Pledge , an initiative of Bill Gates and Warren Buffett . Steyer and Taylor created the TomKat Ranch in Pescadero , California , near Half Moon Bay . The ranch is meant to research and demonstrate a sustainable way of doing agriculture . The ranchs activities include underwriting healthy food programs and co-producing an independent film , La Mission , starring Benjamin Bratt , about San Franciscos Mission neighborhood . Around 2011 , Steyer joined the board of Next Generation , a nonprofit intending to tackle childrens issues and the environment . In 2013 , Steyer founded NextGen Climate , an environmental advocacy nonprofit and political action committee . In August 2015 , Steyer launched the Fair Shake Commission on Income Inequality and Middle Class Opportunity , which was intended to advocate policies for promoting income equality . Political activity . In 1983 , Steyer worked on Walter Mondales presidential campaign . He raised money for Bill Bradley in 2000 and John Kerry in 2004 . An early supporter of Hillary Clinton in 2008 , Steyer became one of Barack Obamas most prolific fundraisers . Steyer served as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 2004 and 2008 . Steyer has been a member of the Hamilton Project and has been involved with the Democracy Alliance , a network of progressive donors whose membership in the group requires them to donate at least $200,000 a year to recommended organizations . After the Obama victory in 2008 , Steyer was considered for appointment as Secretary of Treasury . Jim Steyer , Toms brother , told Mens Journal that Obama and his advisors would regret having chosen someone else , due to his expertise . In January 2013 , rumors briefly arose that Steyer might be named as a replacement for Energy Secretary Steven Chu . Asked whether he would accept such an appointment , Steyer said he would . Ballot measures . In 2010 , Steyer joined former Secretary of State , San Francisco-based George Shultz , to co-chair the No on Prop . 23 campaign , the measure on the November 2010 ballot concerning Californias environmental legislation , AB32 . He donated $5 million to the campaign , which defeated Proposition 23 . In 2012 , Steyer was the leading sponsor of Proposition 39 on the ballot in California . Its purpose was to close a loophole that allowed multi-state corporations to pay taxes out of state , mandating that they pay in California . Steyer contributed $29.6 million , saying that he could wait no longer for the change . While supporters of Steyers effort said it would help break the partisan gridlock in Sacramento , critics objected that the increasing involvement of rich individuals perverts the original intent of the initiatives . Kim Alexander , president of the California Voter Foundation , said that the level of giving was unprecedented for an individual donor . Some critics called the initiative an ineffective jobs stimulus , while Steyer labeled it a success for closing a corporate loophole . 2012 . In 2012 , Steyer hosted a fundraiser at his home for President Obama . At a private meeting , Steyer , along with fifteen other top donors , reportedly pressed the president regarding the Keystone pipeline , which Steyer opposed . Obama was said to be supportive of Steyers views , but reluctant to put his full weight behind any initiatives without better proof . Steyer was critical of Obamas decision to keep an energy initiative as a low priority . Democratic National Convention speech . Steyer gave a speech at the 2012 Democratic National Convention , saying that the election was a choice about whether to go backward or forward . And that choice is especially stark when it comes to energy . Steyer said that Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney would take no action to reduce U.S . dependence on fossil fuels ; rather , he said , Romney would increase it . Steyer went on to support Obamas policies , which he described as investments to make us energy independent and create thousands of jobs . 2013–2014 . Anti-Keystone rally . In February 2013 , Steyer spoke at an anti-Keystone XL Pipeline rally on the Washington Mall organized by Bill McKibben and attended by tens of thousands . McKibben asked Steyer to join the protest by tying himself to the White House gate and getting arrested , but Steyer was dissuaded by his brother Jim . NextGen America . In 2013 , Steyer founded NextGen Climate ( now NextGen America ) , an environmental advocacy nonprofit and political action committee . NextGen Climate provided the environmentalist movement with significant capital and political influence . Steyer spent almost $74 million on the 2014 elections . In October 2017 , NextGen America donated grants totaling $2.3-million to eight national immigration law service organizations , including the University of California Immigrant Legal Services Center , the Immigration Law Clinic at U C Davis School of Law , U C Hastings Center for Gender and Refugee Studies , Asian Americans Advancing Justice — Asian Law Caucus , California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation , Center for Community Change , American Immigration Lawyers Association , and the Council on American-Islamic Relations . Electoral campaign activity . In 2014 , Steyer funded political campaigns to advocate for the election of at least nine candidates and to influence climate change policy through NextGen Climate . Those races included helping elect Ed Markey of Massachusetts over Stephen Lynch to the Senate in a special election in 2013 . Reportedly , Steyer spent $1.8 million attacking Lynch , including money for a plane Steyer paid to fly over a Boston Red Sox game with a banner that read , Steve Lynch for Oil Evil Empire . Steyer supported Democrat Terry McAuliffes successful 2013 campaign for governor of Virginia through his NextGen Climate Action , contributing funds for paid media ( such as television advertisements ) and get-out-the-vote efforts . Steyer also supported Democrats in Senate races in Iowa , Colorado , New Hampshire , and Michigan and in Gubernatorial races in Pennsylvania , Maine , and Florida . Steyer cited Floridas pivotal role in the 2016 presidential election and its geographic position , which makes it highly vulnerable to climate change , as reasons for his focus on the state . In June 2014 , Steyer said he planned to get involved in California legislative races , targeting three to four races in each house of the Legislature in a bid to affect climate change policy . The Guardian reported in 2014 that Steyer had become the single largest donor in American politics and is the leading advocate of environmental issues . Steyer spent about $67 million of his personal fortune in the 2014 midterm elections and had a 40% success rate . Of the seven Senate and gubernatorial candidates NextGen Climate supported , three won their races . 2015 . In April 2015 , Steyer testified before the California Legislature in favor of a greenhouse-gas reduction bill . In August 2015 , Steyer was the guest of honor at the California Democratic Party headquarters to discuss bills to cut gasoline use in half by 2030 , although Steyer did not commit to spending large sums of money to support the bills . In July 2015 , Steyer called on 2016 candidates to develop strategic plans to provide the United States with at least 50% of its energy from clean sources by 2030 . Reportedly , the message was targeted at Hillary Clinton , who had yet to outline an environmental policy . It was suggested that this was a strategic move to secure a political alliance with Clinton . 2016 . Steyer raised money for Hillary Clinton , and he hosted a fundraiser on her behalf at his Burlingame home . Steyer contributed $87,057,853 in funds exclusively to Democratic Party candidates during the 2016 election cycle . Trump impeachment campaign . Beginning in October 2017 , Steyer spent approximately $10 million for a television ad campaign advocating the impeachment of Donald Trump , and more on a digital ad campaign to call for Trumps impeachment . In the ad , Steyer identifies himself only as an American citizen and alleges that Trump brought us to the brink of nuclear war , obstructed justice at the FBI , and in direct violation of the Constitution has taken money from foreign governments and threatened to shut down news organizations that report the truth . Trump responded by calling Steyer wacky and totally unhinged . The Need to Impeach campaign led to speculation that Steyer was planning a run for California governor or California senator in 2018 , although he did not do so . In March 2018 , Steyer launched a 30-city town hall tour and , going into the fall election season , the campaign had amassed close to 6 million petition signatures . Steyer stepped down from his role as President at Need to Impeach in July 2019 when he announced his presidential campaign . As of 2019 , he has reportedly spent over $70 million in the effort . Steyer said Need to Impeach will continue under new leadership and named Nathaly Arriola , as the new Executive Director . Potential gubernatorial bid . Steyer considered running for governor of California in 2018 but in January 2018 announced that he would not run in the election . 2020 presidential campaign . After initially indicating that he would not seek the presidency , Steyer launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination on July 9 , 2019 , in an online campaign video posted to Twitter . As a self-funded candidate , Steyer committed himself to spending millions of dollars in campaign advertising . Steyer qualified for , and participated in , six televised Democratic primary debates and failed to qualify for one debate . Steyer came in seventh place in the Iowa caucuses and sixth place in the New Hampshire primaries out of the 11 active candidates , receiving no delegates . He earned no national pledged delegates from Iowa , New Hampshire , or Nevada . Steyer spent a great deal of time and money in South Carolina , far outspending other candidates . However , on February 29 , 2020 , he finished third ( behind Joe Biden and Bernie Sanders ) . Following that result , he suspended his campaign . Steyer spent over $253 million , with all but a little over $3.5 million coming from his personal funds . This amount worked out to be $3,373 for every vote he received in the three primaries where he was on the ballot before dropping out of the race . During Steyers time as a candidate , his campaign spending surpassed that of every other Democratic candidate except for fellow billionaire Michael Bloomberg . Political positions . Environmentalism . Keystone Pipeline . After holding several conversations during the summer of 2012 with environmental writer Bill McKibben , Steyer decided to focus much of his attention on the Keystone Pipeline . Steyer officially left Farallon in 2012 . He was criticized by some Republicans for attacking the pipeline even though he held some investments in the fossil-fuel industry . The investments included stock in Kinder Morgan , which had its own pipeline connecting the Canadian bitumen sands to a port on the Pacific , which could be seen as a rival to the Keystone pipeline . Steyer promised to fully unload his holdings there within a year . In September 2013 , Steyer appeared in a series of commercials in opposition to the proposed pipeline . In a November 2015 interview , Steyer described the Obama administrations decision to reject the Keystone pipeline as fantastic . Global warming and renewable energy . In 2008 , Steyer and Taylor gave $41 million to create the TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy at Stanford University . Part of the Precourt Institute of Energy , it is focused on the development of affordable renewable energy technologies , and promotion of public policies to make renewable energy more accessible . Projects included the creation of lighter , less toxic , and more durable batteries , and an analysis of the then-current power grids capacities to support future renewable energy technologies . In October 2013 , Steyer launched a bipartisan initiative to combat climate change along with then-New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and former Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson . The initiative , called the Risky Business Project , focuses on quantifying and publicizing the economic risks of climate change in the United States . Bloomberg , Paulson , and Steyer serve as co-chairs . The Project has published three reports—a National Report in June 2014 , a Midwest Report in January 2015 , and a California Report in April 2015 . In 2015 , Steyer signed on to the Bill Gates Breakthrough Energy Coalition . The goal of the coalition is to jumpstart the demand and availability of green energy sources . Healthcare . Steyer opposes Medicare for All but supports expanding coverage . Steyer became the first presidential candidate who took a position supporting a cure for AIDS during a question on the topic posed to him at the CNNs LGBT town hall in October 2019 http://westviewnews.org/2019/11/01/presidential-candidates-pledge-aids-cure/web-admin/ . Gun control . Regarding gun control , Steyer supports a ban on assault weapons and universal background checks . Campaign finance . Asked in a November 2014 interview why he invests his money into elections rather than philanthropic organizations , Steyer stated that the price of inaction is too high not to take a direct role . He has said that he opposes Citizens United v . FEC , the 2010 Supreme Court decision allowing unlimited corporate donations to super PACs , but since climate change is urgent he will take necessary actions to provide funding nonetheless . Taxation . In an interview in October 2017 , Steyer said that he was in favor of raising personal taxes . He said that upper-income people in the United States had done disproportionately well at the expense of working families . Steyer called one version of a 2017 Republican tax reform proposal a thinly veiled reverse Robin Hood . 5 Rights . In November 2018 , in a full-page USA Today ad , Steyer outlined five non-partisan issue areas on which he said the Democrats should campaign , and which represent essential freedoms that should be guaranteed for all Americans : voting rights protections , a clean environment , a complete education , a living wage , and good health . Awards and honors . Steyer has received a number of awards and honors for his environmental work , including the Phillip Burton Public Service Award of Consumer Watchdog ( 2011 ) , the Environmental Leadership Award of the California League of Conservation Voters ( 2012 ) , the Environmental Achievement Award of the Environmental Law Institute ( 2013 ) , and the Land Conservation Award of the Open Space Institute ( 2015 ) . Steyer received Equality Californias 2015 Humanitarian Award for his work advancing progressive causes that benefit the LGBT community . Personal life . In August 1986 , Steyer married Kathryn Ann Taylor , a graduate of Harvard College who earned a Master of Business Administration and a Juris Doctor from Stanford University . The Reverend Richard Thayer , a Presbyterian minister , and Rabbi Charles Familant performed the ceremony . They have four children , Samuel Taylor ( Sam ) , Charles Augustus ( Gus ) , Evelyn Hoover ( Evi ) , and Henry Hume ( Henry ) . Kathryn was on the Presidents Council for the United Religions Initiative , an interfaith group . Steyer has two brothers : Hume Steyer , an attorney in New York City and Jim Steyer , an attorney , author , and a Stanford University professor . Steyer has a net worth of $1.6 billion . Mens Journal mentioned the modest aspects of his lifestyle noting that he owns an outdated hybrid Honda Accord and eschews luxury items such as expensive watches . Steyer wears tartan neckties every day , because in his words “You gotta dress up for a fight.” In his late 30s , Steyer had a revelation and began an involvement in the Episcopal Church , the religion of his mother ( his father was a non-practicing Jew ) . He has stated that during this time he became much more interested in religion and theology . The new interest reportedly galvanized his political advocacy . In 2018 , Steyer received two suspicious packages from convicted mail bomber Cesar Sayoc . External links . - Official website - Farallon Capital Management - Hellman & Friedman LLC
|
[
"Goldman Sachs"
] |
[
{
"text": "Thomas Fahr Steyer ( born June 27 , 1957 ) is an American businessman , hedge fund manager , philanthropist , environmentalist , and liberal activist . Steyer is the founder and former co-senior-managing-partner of Farallon Capital and the co-founder of OneCalifornia Bank , which became ( through merger ) Beneficial State Bank , an Oakland-based community development bank . Farallon Capital manages $20 billion in capital for institutions and high-net-worth individuals . The firms institutional investors include college endowments and foundations . Steyer served on the board of trustees at Stanford University from 2007 to 2017 . Since 1986",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": ", he has been a partner and member of the executive committee at Hellman & Friedman , a San Francisco–based private equity firm .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Steyer and his wife signed The Giving Pledge to donate half of their fortune to charity during their lifetime . In 2012 , he sold his stake in and retired from Farallon Capital . Switching his focus to politics and the environment , he launched NextGen America , a nonprofit organization that supports progressive positions on climate change , immigration , health care , and education .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": "Steyer sought the Democratic nomination for president in 2020 , but dropped out of the race after the first four state contests , having spent more than $191 million on campaign advertising but failing to obtain any pledged delegates .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Steyer was born in Manhattan . His mother , Marnie ( née Fahr ) was a teacher of remedial reading at the Brooklyn House of Detention and his father , Roy Henry Steyer was a partner in the New York law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , and was a prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials . His father was a non-practicing Jew , and his mother was Episcopalian .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": "Steyer grew up on the Upper East Side of Manhattan , and attended the Buckley School and Phillips Exeter Academy . He graduated from Yale University summa cum laude in economics and political science , and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa . He was captain of the soccer team . At Yale , Steyer was a member of Wolfs Head Society Steyer received his MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business , where he was an Arjay Miller Scholar . He has served on the Stanford University board of trustees .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": " After graduation from Yale , Steyer began his professional career at Morgan Stanley in 1979 . After two years at Morgan Stanley , he attended Stanford Graduate School of Business . Steyer worked at Goldman Sachs from 1983 to 1985 as an associate in the risk arbitrage division , where he was involved in mergers and acquisitions . He later became a partner and member of the Executive Committee at Hellman & Friedman , a San Francisco–based private equity firm .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In January 1986 , Steyer founded Farallon Capital , a hedge fund firm headquartered in San Francisco . Steyer made his fortune running Farallon , which was managing $20 billion by the time he left the company . Steyer was known for taking high risks on distressed assets within volatile markets .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In October 2012 , Steyer stepped down from his position at Farallon in order to focus on advocating for alternative energy . Steyer decided to dispose of his carbon-polluting investments in 2012 , although critics say he did not dispose of them quickly enough and noted that the lifespan of the facilities he funded would extend through 2030 . A 2014 New York Times article said coal-mining companies that Farallon invested in or lent money to under Steyer had increased their coal production by 70 million tons annually since receiving money from Farallon , and that Steyer remained invested in",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "the Maules Creek coal mine . Prior to Steyer leaving Farallon , a student activist group called UnFarallon criticized the company for investments in companies with anti-environmental policies . In 2016 , some critics noted that Farallon had also invested in private prisons while Steyer was leading the hedge fund . According to SEC filings , Steyer was at the helm as the hedge fund purchased nearly $90 million of Corrections Corporation of America stock ( 5.5% of the companys outstanding shares ) . After leaving Farallon , Steyer hosted a two-day think-tank entitled the Big Think Climate Meeting to",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "discuss how to address climate change .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " On April 17 , 2020 , it was announced that California Governor Gavin Newsom had selected Steyer to chair a task force focused on the states economic recovery after the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic . The task force will also include former Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen , Disney Executive Chairman Bob Iger , and Apple Inc . CEO Tim Cook . Steyers co-chair will be political advisor Ann OLeary .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 2006 , Steyer and his wife , Kat Taylor , founded OneRoof , Inc. , a B Corp and social enterprise business designed to bring broadband connectivity , computer literacy , and employment skills via OneRoof Internet Centers to small rural towns in rural India and Mexico .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , Steyer and Taylor founded Beneficial State Bank , a community development bank , for the purpose of providing commercial banking services to underserved Bay Area businesses , nonprofits , and individuals , with operations now in California , Oregon , and Washington . Its stock ownership is entirely held by a foundation such that all profits are reinvested in local communities .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " Steyer and Taylor put up $22.5 million to start the bank and create the One PacificCoast Foundation to engage in charitable and educational activities , provide lending support , investments , and other services for disadvantaged communities and community service organizations in California . In August 2010 , Steyer and his wife signed onto The Giving Pledge , an initiative of Bill Gates and Warren Buffett .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": "Steyer and Taylor created the TomKat Ranch in Pescadero , California , near Half Moon Bay . The ranch is meant to research and demonstrate a sustainable way of doing agriculture . The ranchs activities include underwriting healthy food programs and co-producing an independent film , La Mission , starring Benjamin Bratt , about San Franciscos Mission neighborhood . Around 2011 , Steyer joined the board of Next Generation , a nonprofit intending to tackle childrens issues and the environment . In 2013 , Steyer founded NextGen Climate , an environmental advocacy nonprofit and political action committee .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " In August 2015 , Steyer launched the Fair Shake Commission on Income Inequality and Middle Class Opportunity , which was intended to advocate policies for promoting income equality .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " In 1983 , Steyer worked on Walter Mondales presidential campaign . He raised money for Bill Bradley in 2000 and John Kerry in 2004 .",
"title": "Political activity"
},
{
"text": "An early supporter of Hillary Clinton in 2008 , Steyer became one of Barack Obamas most prolific fundraisers . Steyer served as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 2004 and 2008 . Steyer has been a member of the Hamilton Project and has been involved with the Democracy Alliance , a network of progressive donors whose membership in the group requires them to donate at least $200,000 a year to recommended organizations .",
"title": "Political activity"
},
{
"text": " After the Obama victory in 2008 , Steyer was considered for appointment as Secretary of Treasury . Jim Steyer , Toms brother , told Mens Journal that Obama and his advisors would regret having chosen someone else , due to his expertise . In January 2013 , rumors briefly arose that Steyer might be named as a replacement for Energy Secretary Steven Chu . Asked whether he would accept such an appointment , Steyer said he would .",
"title": "Political activity"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Steyer joined former Secretary of State , San Francisco-based George Shultz , to co-chair the No on Prop . 23 campaign , the measure on the November 2010 ballot concerning Californias environmental legislation , AB32 . He donated $5 million to the campaign , which defeated Proposition 23 .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 , Steyer was the leading sponsor of Proposition 39 on the ballot in California . Its purpose was to close a loophole that allowed multi-state corporations to pay taxes out of state , mandating that they pay in California . Steyer contributed $29.6 million , saying that he could wait no longer for the change .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": " While supporters of Steyers effort said it would help break the partisan gridlock in Sacramento , critics objected that the increasing involvement of rich individuals perverts the original intent of the initiatives . Kim Alexander , president of the California Voter Foundation , said that the level of giving was unprecedented for an individual donor . Some critics called the initiative an ineffective jobs stimulus , while Steyer labeled it a success for closing a corporate loophole . 2012 .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 , Steyer hosted a fundraiser at his home for President Obama . At a private meeting , Steyer , along with fifteen other top donors , reportedly pressed the president regarding the Keystone pipeline , which Steyer opposed . Obama was said to be supportive of Steyers views , but reluctant to put his full weight behind any initiatives without better proof . Steyer was critical of Obamas decision to keep an energy initiative as a low priority .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": " Democratic National Convention speech . Steyer gave a speech at the 2012 Democratic National Convention , saying that the election was a choice about whether to go backward or forward . And that choice is especially stark when it comes to energy . Steyer said that Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney would take no action to reduce U.S . dependence on fossil fuels ; rather , he said , Romney would increase it . Steyer went on to support Obamas policies , which he described as investments to make us energy independent and create thousands of jobs .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": "2013–2014 .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": " In February 2013 , Steyer spoke at an anti-Keystone XL Pipeline rally on the Washington Mall organized by Bill McKibben and attended by tens of thousands . McKibben asked Steyer to join the protest by tying himself to the White House gate and getting arrested , but Steyer was dissuaded by his brother Jim .",
"title": "Anti-Keystone rally"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , Steyer founded NextGen Climate ( now NextGen America ) , an environmental advocacy nonprofit and political action committee . NextGen Climate provided the environmentalist movement with significant capital and political influence . Steyer spent almost $74 million on the 2014 elections .",
"title": "NextGen America"
},
{
"text": "In October 2017 , NextGen America donated grants totaling $2.3-million to eight national immigration law service organizations , including the University of California Immigrant Legal Services Center , the Immigration Law Clinic at U C Davis School of Law , U C Hastings Center for Gender and Refugee Studies , Asian Americans Advancing Justice — Asian Law Caucus , California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation , Center for Community Change , American Immigration Lawyers Association , and the Council on American-Islamic Relations .",
"title": "NextGen America"
},
{
"text": " In 2014 , Steyer funded political campaigns to advocate for the election of at least nine candidates and to influence climate change policy through NextGen Climate . Those races included helping elect Ed Markey of Massachusetts over Stephen Lynch to the Senate in a special election in 2013 . Reportedly , Steyer spent $1.8 million attacking Lynch , including money for a plane Steyer paid to fly over a Boston Red Sox game with a banner that read , Steve Lynch for Oil Evil Empire .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": "Steyer supported Democrat Terry McAuliffes successful 2013 campaign for governor of Virginia through his NextGen Climate Action , contributing funds for paid media ( such as television advertisements ) and get-out-the-vote efforts . Steyer also supported Democrats in Senate races in Iowa , Colorado , New Hampshire , and Michigan and in Gubernatorial races in Pennsylvania , Maine , and Florida . Steyer cited Floridas pivotal role in the 2016 presidential election and its geographic position , which makes it highly vulnerable to climate change , as reasons for his focus on the state .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": " In June 2014 , Steyer said he planned to get involved in California legislative races , targeting three to four races in each house of the Legislature in a bid to affect climate change policy . The Guardian reported in 2014 that Steyer had become the single largest donor in American politics and is the leading advocate of environmental issues . Steyer spent about $67 million of his personal fortune in the 2014 midterm elections and had a 40% success rate . Of the seven Senate and gubernatorial candidates NextGen Climate supported , three won their races .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": "2015 .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": " In April 2015 , Steyer testified before the California Legislature in favor of a greenhouse-gas reduction bill . In August 2015 , Steyer was the guest of honor at the California Democratic Party headquarters to discuss bills to cut gasoline use in half by 2030 , although Steyer did not commit to spending large sums of money to support the bills .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": "In July 2015 , Steyer called on 2016 candidates to develop strategic plans to provide the United States with at least 50% of its energy from clean sources by 2030 . Reportedly , the message was targeted at Hillary Clinton , who had yet to outline an environmental policy . It was suggested that this was a strategic move to secure a political alliance with Clinton .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": " 2016 . Steyer raised money for Hillary Clinton , and he hosted a fundraiser on her behalf at his Burlingame home . Steyer contributed $87,057,853 in funds exclusively to Democratic Party candidates during the 2016 election cycle .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in October 2017 , Steyer spent approximately $10 million for a television ad campaign advocating the impeachment of Donald Trump , and more on a digital ad campaign to call for Trumps impeachment . In the ad , Steyer identifies himself only as an American citizen and alleges that Trump brought us to the brink of nuclear war , obstructed justice at the FBI , and in direct violation of the Constitution has taken money from foreign governments and threatened to shut down news organizations that report the truth . Trump responded by calling Steyer wacky and totally unhinged",
"title": "Trump impeachment campaign"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Trump impeachment campaign"
},
{
"text": " The Need to Impeach campaign led to speculation that Steyer was planning a run for California governor or California senator in 2018 , although he did not do so . In March 2018 , Steyer launched a 30-city town hall tour and , going into the fall election season , the campaign had amassed close to 6 million petition signatures .",
"title": "Trump impeachment campaign"
},
{
"text": "Steyer stepped down from his role as President at Need to Impeach in July 2019 when he announced his presidential campaign . As of 2019 , he has reportedly spent over $70 million in the effort . Steyer said Need to Impeach will continue under new leadership and named Nathaly Arriola , as the new Executive Director .",
"title": "Trump impeachment campaign"
},
{
"text": " Steyer considered running for governor of California in 2018 but in January 2018 announced that he would not run in the election . 2020 presidential campaign . After initially indicating that he would not seek the presidency , Steyer launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination on July 9 , 2019 , in an online campaign video posted to Twitter . As a self-funded candidate , Steyer committed himself to spending millions of dollars in campaign advertising .",
"title": "Potential gubernatorial bid"
},
{
"text": "Steyer qualified for , and participated in , six televised Democratic primary debates and failed to qualify for one debate .",
"title": "Potential gubernatorial bid"
},
{
"text": " Steyer came in seventh place in the Iowa caucuses and sixth place in the New Hampshire primaries out of the 11 active candidates , receiving no delegates . He earned no national pledged delegates from Iowa , New Hampshire , or Nevada . Steyer spent a great deal of time and money in South Carolina , far outspending other candidates . However , on February 29 , 2020 , he finished third ( behind Joe Biden and Bernie Sanders ) . Following that result , he suspended his campaign .",
"title": "Potential gubernatorial bid"
},
{
"text": "Steyer spent over $253 million , with all but a little over $3.5 million coming from his personal funds . This amount worked out to be $3,373 for every vote he received in the three primaries where he was on the ballot before dropping out of the race . During Steyers time as a candidate , his campaign spending surpassed that of every other Democratic candidate except for fellow billionaire Michael Bloomberg .",
"title": "Potential gubernatorial bid"
},
{
"text": "After holding several conversations during the summer of 2012 with environmental writer Bill McKibben , Steyer decided to focus much of his attention on the Keystone Pipeline . Steyer officially left Farallon in 2012 . He was criticized by some Republicans for attacking the pipeline even though he held some investments in the fossil-fuel industry . The investments included stock in Kinder Morgan , which had its own pipeline connecting the Canadian bitumen sands to a port on the Pacific , which could be seen as a rival to the Keystone pipeline . Steyer promised to fully unload his holdings",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": "there within a year . In September 2013 , Steyer appeared in a series of commercials in opposition to the proposed pipeline .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": " In a November 2015 interview , Steyer described the Obama administrations decision to reject the Keystone pipeline as fantastic . Global warming and renewable energy .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , Steyer and Taylor gave $41 million to create the TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy at Stanford University . Part of the Precourt Institute of Energy , it is focused on the development of affordable renewable energy technologies , and promotion of public policies to make renewable energy more accessible . Projects included the creation of lighter , less toxic , and more durable batteries , and an analysis of the then-current power grids capacities to support future renewable energy technologies .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": " In October 2013 , Steyer launched a bipartisan initiative to combat climate change along with then-New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and former Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson . The initiative , called the Risky Business Project , focuses on quantifying and publicizing the economic risks of climate change in the United States . Bloomberg , Paulson , and Steyer serve as co-chairs . The Project has published three reports—a National Report in June 2014 , a Midwest Report in January 2015 , and a California Report in April 2015 .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": "In 2015 , Steyer signed on to the Bill Gates Breakthrough Energy Coalition . The goal of the coalition is to jumpstart the demand and availability of green energy sources .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": " Steyer opposes Medicare for All but supports expanding coverage . Steyer became the first presidential candidate who took a position supporting a cure for AIDS during a question on the topic posed to him at the CNNs LGBT town hall in October 2019 http://westviewnews.org/2019/11/01/presidential-candidates-pledge-aids-cure/web-admin/ .",
"title": "Healthcare"
},
{
"text": " Regarding gun control , Steyer supports a ban on assault weapons and universal background checks .",
"title": "Gun control"
},
{
"text": " Asked in a November 2014 interview why he invests his money into elections rather than philanthropic organizations , Steyer stated that the price of inaction is too high not to take a direct role . He has said that he opposes Citizens United v . FEC , the 2010 Supreme Court decision allowing unlimited corporate donations to super PACs , but since climate change is urgent he will take necessary actions to provide funding nonetheless .",
"title": "Campaign finance"
},
{
"text": " In an interview in October 2017 , Steyer said that he was in favor of raising personal taxes . He said that upper-income people in the United States had done disproportionately well at the expense of working families . Steyer called one version of a 2017 Republican tax reform proposal a thinly veiled reverse Robin Hood . 5 Rights .",
"title": "Taxation"
},
{
"text": "In November 2018 , in a full-page USA Today ad , Steyer outlined five non-partisan issue areas on which he said the Democrats should campaign , and which represent essential freedoms that should be guaranteed for all Americans : voting rights protections , a clean environment , a complete education , a living wage , and good health .",
"title": "Taxation"
},
{
"text": " Steyer has received a number of awards and honors for his environmental work , including the Phillip Burton Public Service Award of Consumer Watchdog ( 2011 ) , the Environmental Leadership Award of the California League of Conservation Voters ( 2012 ) , the Environmental Achievement Award of the Environmental Law Institute ( 2013 ) , and the Land Conservation Award of the Open Space Institute ( 2015 ) . Steyer received Equality Californias 2015 Humanitarian Award for his work advancing progressive causes that benefit the LGBT community .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " In August 1986 , Steyer married Kathryn Ann Taylor , a graduate of Harvard College who earned a Master of Business Administration and a Juris Doctor from Stanford University . The Reverend Richard Thayer , a Presbyterian minister , and Rabbi Charles Familant performed the ceremony . They have four children , Samuel Taylor ( Sam ) , Charles Augustus ( Gus ) , Evelyn Hoover ( Evi ) , and Henry Hume ( Henry ) . Kathryn was on the Presidents Council for the United Religions Initiative , an interfaith group .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Steyer has two brothers : Hume Steyer , an attorney in New York City and Jim Steyer , an attorney , author , and a Stanford University professor .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Steyer has a net worth of $1.6 billion . Mens Journal mentioned the modest aspects of his lifestyle noting that he owns an outdated hybrid Honda Accord and eschews luxury items such as expensive watches . Steyer wears tartan neckties every day , because in his words “You gotta dress up for a fight.”",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In his late 30s , Steyer had a revelation and began an involvement in the Episcopal Church , the religion of his mother ( his father was a non-practicing Jew ) . He has stated that during this time he became much more interested in religion and theology . The new interest reportedly galvanized his political advocacy .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , Steyer received two suspicious packages from convicted mail bomber Cesar Sayoc .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Official website - Farallon Capital Management - Hellman & Friedman LLC",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Tom_Steyer#P108#2
|
Who did Tom Steyer work for between Sep 1993 and Jul 2002?
|
Tom Steyer Thomas Fahr Steyer ( born June 27 , 1957 ) is an American businessman , hedge fund manager , philanthropist , environmentalist , and liberal activist . Steyer is the founder and former co-senior-managing-partner of Farallon Capital and the co-founder of OneCalifornia Bank , which became ( through merger ) Beneficial State Bank , an Oakland-based community development bank . Farallon Capital manages $20 billion in capital for institutions and high-net-worth individuals . The firms institutional investors include college endowments and foundations . Steyer served on the board of trustees at Stanford University from 2007 to 2017 . Since 1986 , he has been a partner and member of the executive committee at Hellman & Friedman , a San Francisco–based private equity firm . In 2010 , Steyer and his wife signed The Giving Pledge to donate half of their fortune to charity during their lifetime . In 2012 , he sold his stake in and retired from Farallon Capital . Switching his focus to politics and the environment , he launched NextGen America , a nonprofit organization that supports progressive positions on climate change , immigration , health care , and education . Steyer sought the Democratic nomination for president in 2020 , but dropped out of the race after the first four state contests , having spent more than $191 million on campaign advertising but failing to obtain any pledged delegates . Early life and education . Steyer was born in Manhattan . His mother , Marnie ( née Fahr ) was a teacher of remedial reading at the Brooklyn House of Detention and his father , Roy Henry Steyer was a partner in the New York law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , and was a prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials . His father was a non-practicing Jew , and his mother was Episcopalian . Steyer grew up on the Upper East Side of Manhattan , and attended the Buckley School and Phillips Exeter Academy . He graduated from Yale University summa cum laude in economics and political science , and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa . He was captain of the soccer team . At Yale , Steyer was a member of Wolfs Head Society Steyer received his MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business , where he was an Arjay Miller Scholar . He has served on the Stanford University board of trustees . Career . After graduation from Yale , Steyer began his professional career at Morgan Stanley in 1979 . After two years at Morgan Stanley , he attended Stanford Graduate School of Business . Steyer worked at Goldman Sachs from 1983 to 1985 as an associate in the risk arbitrage division , where he was involved in mergers and acquisitions . He later became a partner and member of the Executive Committee at Hellman & Friedman , a San Francisco–based private equity firm . In January 1986 , Steyer founded Farallon Capital , a hedge fund firm headquartered in San Francisco . Steyer made his fortune running Farallon , which was managing $20 billion by the time he left the company . Steyer was known for taking high risks on distressed assets within volatile markets . In October 2012 , Steyer stepped down from his position at Farallon in order to focus on advocating for alternative energy . Steyer decided to dispose of his carbon-polluting investments in 2012 , although critics say he did not dispose of them quickly enough and noted that the lifespan of the facilities he funded would extend through 2030 . A 2014 New York Times article said coal-mining companies that Farallon invested in or lent money to under Steyer had increased their coal production by 70 million tons annually since receiving money from Farallon , and that Steyer remained invested in the Maules Creek coal mine . Prior to Steyer leaving Farallon , a student activist group called UnFarallon criticized the company for investments in companies with anti-environmental policies . In 2016 , some critics noted that Farallon had also invested in private prisons while Steyer was leading the hedge fund . According to SEC filings , Steyer was at the helm as the hedge fund purchased nearly $90 million of Corrections Corporation of America stock ( 5.5% of the companys outstanding shares ) . After leaving Farallon , Steyer hosted a two-day think-tank entitled the Big Think Climate Meeting to discuss how to address climate change . On April 17 , 2020 , it was announced that California Governor Gavin Newsom had selected Steyer to chair a task force focused on the states economic recovery after the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic . The task force will also include former Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen , Disney Executive Chairman Bob Iger , and Apple Inc . CEO Tim Cook . Steyers co-chair will be political advisor Ann OLeary . Philanthropy . In 2006 , Steyer and his wife , Kat Taylor , founded OneRoof , Inc. , a B Corp and social enterprise business designed to bring broadband connectivity , computer literacy , and employment skills via OneRoof Internet Centers to small rural towns in rural India and Mexico . In 2007 , Steyer and Taylor founded Beneficial State Bank , a community development bank , for the purpose of providing commercial banking services to underserved Bay Area businesses , nonprofits , and individuals , with operations now in California , Oregon , and Washington . Its stock ownership is entirely held by a foundation such that all profits are reinvested in local communities . Steyer and Taylor put up $22.5 million to start the bank and create the One PacificCoast Foundation to engage in charitable and educational activities , provide lending support , investments , and other services for disadvantaged communities and community service organizations in California . In August 2010 , Steyer and his wife signed onto The Giving Pledge , an initiative of Bill Gates and Warren Buffett . Steyer and Taylor created the TomKat Ranch in Pescadero , California , near Half Moon Bay . The ranch is meant to research and demonstrate a sustainable way of doing agriculture . The ranchs activities include underwriting healthy food programs and co-producing an independent film , La Mission , starring Benjamin Bratt , about San Franciscos Mission neighborhood . Around 2011 , Steyer joined the board of Next Generation , a nonprofit intending to tackle childrens issues and the environment . In 2013 , Steyer founded NextGen Climate , an environmental advocacy nonprofit and political action committee . In August 2015 , Steyer launched the Fair Shake Commission on Income Inequality and Middle Class Opportunity , which was intended to advocate policies for promoting income equality . Political activity . In 1983 , Steyer worked on Walter Mondales presidential campaign . He raised money for Bill Bradley in 2000 and John Kerry in 2004 . An early supporter of Hillary Clinton in 2008 , Steyer became one of Barack Obamas most prolific fundraisers . Steyer served as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 2004 and 2008 . Steyer has been a member of the Hamilton Project and has been involved with the Democracy Alliance , a network of progressive donors whose membership in the group requires them to donate at least $200,000 a year to recommended organizations . After the Obama victory in 2008 , Steyer was considered for appointment as Secretary of Treasury . Jim Steyer , Toms brother , told Mens Journal that Obama and his advisors would regret having chosen someone else , due to his expertise . In January 2013 , rumors briefly arose that Steyer might be named as a replacement for Energy Secretary Steven Chu . Asked whether he would accept such an appointment , Steyer said he would . Ballot measures . In 2010 , Steyer joined former Secretary of State , San Francisco-based George Shultz , to co-chair the No on Prop . 23 campaign , the measure on the November 2010 ballot concerning Californias environmental legislation , AB32 . He donated $5 million to the campaign , which defeated Proposition 23 . In 2012 , Steyer was the leading sponsor of Proposition 39 on the ballot in California . Its purpose was to close a loophole that allowed multi-state corporations to pay taxes out of state , mandating that they pay in California . Steyer contributed $29.6 million , saying that he could wait no longer for the change . While supporters of Steyers effort said it would help break the partisan gridlock in Sacramento , critics objected that the increasing involvement of rich individuals perverts the original intent of the initiatives . Kim Alexander , president of the California Voter Foundation , said that the level of giving was unprecedented for an individual donor . Some critics called the initiative an ineffective jobs stimulus , while Steyer labeled it a success for closing a corporate loophole . 2012 . In 2012 , Steyer hosted a fundraiser at his home for President Obama . At a private meeting , Steyer , along with fifteen other top donors , reportedly pressed the president regarding the Keystone pipeline , which Steyer opposed . Obama was said to be supportive of Steyers views , but reluctant to put his full weight behind any initiatives without better proof . Steyer was critical of Obamas decision to keep an energy initiative as a low priority . Democratic National Convention speech . Steyer gave a speech at the 2012 Democratic National Convention , saying that the election was a choice about whether to go backward or forward . And that choice is especially stark when it comes to energy . Steyer said that Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney would take no action to reduce U.S . dependence on fossil fuels ; rather , he said , Romney would increase it . Steyer went on to support Obamas policies , which he described as investments to make us energy independent and create thousands of jobs . 2013–2014 . Anti-Keystone rally . In February 2013 , Steyer spoke at an anti-Keystone XL Pipeline rally on the Washington Mall organized by Bill McKibben and attended by tens of thousands . McKibben asked Steyer to join the protest by tying himself to the White House gate and getting arrested , but Steyer was dissuaded by his brother Jim . NextGen America . In 2013 , Steyer founded NextGen Climate ( now NextGen America ) , an environmental advocacy nonprofit and political action committee . NextGen Climate provided the environmentalist movement with significant capital and political influence . Steyer spent almost $74 million on the 2014 elections . In October 2017 , NextGen America donated grants totaling $2.3-million to eight national immigration law service organizations , including the University of California Immigrant Legal Services Center , the Immigration Law Clinic at U C Davis School of Law , U C Hastings Center for Gender and Refugee Studies , Asian Americans Advancing Justice — Asian Law Caucus , California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation , Center for Community Change , American Immigration Lawyers Association , and the Council on American-Islamic Relations . Electoral campaign activity . In 2014 , Steyer funded political campaigns to advocate for the election of at least nine candidates and to influence climate change policy through NextGen Climate . Those races included helping elect Ed Markey of Massachusetts over Stephen Lynch to the Senate in a special election in 2013 . Reportedly , Steyer spent $1.8 million attacking Lynch , including money for a plane Steyer paid to fly over a Boston Red Sox game with a banner that read , Steve Lynch for Oil Evil Empire . Steyer supported Democrat Terry McAuliffes successful 2013 campaign for governor of Virginia through his NextGen Climate Action , contributing funds for paid media ( such as television advertisements ) and get-out-the-vote efforts . Steyer also supported Democrats in Senate races in Iowa , Colorado , New Hampshire , and Michigan and in Gubernatorial races in Pennsylvania , Maine , and Florida . Steyer cited Floridas pivotal role in the 2016 presidential election and its geographic position , which makes it highly vulnerable to climate change , as reasons for his focus on the state . In June 2014 , Steyer said he planned to get involved in California legislative races , targeting three to four races in each house of the Legislature in a bid to affect climate change policy . The Guardian reported in 2014 that Steyer had become the single largest donor in American politics and is the leading advocate of environmental issues . Steyer spent about $67 million of his personal fortune in the 2014 midterm elections and had a 40% success rate . Of the seven Senate and gubernatorial candidates NextGen Climate supported , three won their races . 2015 . In April 2015 , Steyer testified before the California Legislature in favor of a greenhouse-gas reduction bill . In August 2015 , Steyer was the guest of honor at the California Democratic Party headquarters to discuss bills to cut gasoline use in half by 2030 , although Steyer did not commit to spending large sums of money to support the bills . In July 2015 , Steyer called on 2016 candidates to develop strategic plans to provide the United States with at least 50% of its energy from clean sources by 2030 . Reportedly , the message was targeted at Hillary Clinton , who had yet to outline an environmental policy . It was suggested that this was a strategic move to secure a political alliance with Clinton . 2016 . Steyer raised money for Hillary Clinton , and he hosted a fundraiser on her behalf at his Burlingame home . Steyer contributed $87,057,853 in funds exclusively to Democratic Party candidates during the 2016 election cycle . Trump impeachment campaign . Beginning in October 2017 , Steyer spent approximately $10 million for a television ad campaign advocating the impeachment of Donald Trump , and more on a digital ad campaign to call for Trumps impeachment . In the ad , Steyer identifies himself only as an American citizen and alleges that Trump brought us to the brink of nuclear war , obstructed justice at the FBI , and in direct violation of the Constitution has taken money from foreign governments and threatened to shut down news organizations that report the truth . Trump responded by calling Steyer wacky and totally unhinged . The Need to Impeach campaign led to speculation that Steyer was planning a run for California governor or California senator in 2018 , although he did not do so . In March 2018 , Steyer launched a 30-city town hall tour and , going into the fall election season , the campaign had amassed close to 6 million petition signatures . Steyer stepped down from his role as President at Need to Impeach in July 2019 when he announced his presidential campaign . As of 2019 , he has reportedly spent over $70 million in the effort . Steyer said Need to Impeach will continue under new leadership and named Nathaly Arriola , as the new Executive Director . Potential gubernatorial bid . Steyer considered running for governor of California in 2018 but in January 2018 announced that he would not run in the election . 2020 presidential campaign . After initially indicating that he would not seek the presidency , Steyer launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination on July 9 , 2019 , in an online campaign video posted to Twitter . As a self-funded candidate , Steyer committed himself to spending millions of dollars in campaign advertising . Steyer qualified for , and participated in , six televised Democratic primary debates and failed to qualify for one debate . Steyer came in seventh place in the Iowa caucuses and sixth place in the New Hampshire primaries out of the 11 active candidates , receiving no delegates . He earned no national pledged delegates from Iowa , New Hampshire , or Nevada . Steyer spent a great deal of time and money in South Carolina , far outspending other candidates . However , on February 29 , 2020 , he finished third ( behind Joe Biden and Bernie Sanders ) . Following that result , he suspended his campaign . Steyer spent over $253 million , with all but a little over $3.5 million coming from his personal funds . This amount worked out to be $3,373 for every vote he received in the three primaries where he was on the ballot before dropping out of the race . During Steyers time as a candidate , his campaign spending surpassed that of every other Democratic candidate except for fellow billionaire Michael Bloomberg . Political positions . Environmentalism . Keystone Pipeline . After holding several conversations during the summer of 2012 with environmental writer Bill McKibben , Steyer decided to focus much of his attention on the Keystone Pipeline . Steyer officially left Farallon in 2012 . He was criticized by some Republicans for attacking the pipeline even though he held some investments in the fossil-fuel industry . The investments included stock in Kinder Morgan , which had its own pipeline connecting the Canadian bitumen sands to a port on the Pacific , which could be seen as a rival to the Keystone pipeline . Steyer promised to fully unload his holdings there within a year . In September 2013 , Steyer appeared in a series of commercials in opposition to the proposed pipeline . In a November 2015 interview , Steyer described the Obama administrations decision to reject the Keystone pipeline as fantastic . Global warming and renewable energy . In 2008 , Steyer and Taylor gave $41 million to create the TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy at Stanford University . Part of the Precourt Institute of Energy , it is focused on the development of affordable renewable energy technologies , and promotion of public policies to make renewable energy more accessible . Projects included the creation of lighter , less toxic , and more durable batteries , and an analysis of the then-current power grids capacities to support future renewable energy technologies . In October 2013 , Steyer launched a bipartisan initiative to combat climate change along with then-New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and former Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson . The initiative , called the Risky Business Project , focuses on quantifying and publicizing the economic risks of climate change in the United States . Bloomberg , Paulson , and Steyer serve as co-chairs . The Project has published three reports—a National Report in June 2014 , a Midwest Report in January 2015 , and a California Report in April 2015 . In 2015 , Steyer signed on to the Bill Gates Breakthrough Energy Coalition . The goal of the coalition is to jumpstart the demand and availability of green energy sources . Healthcare . Steyer opposes Medicare for All but supports expanding coverage . Steyer became the first presidential candidate who took a position supporting a cure for AIDS during a question on the topic posed to him at the CNNs LGBT town hall in October 2019 http://westviewnews.org/2019/11/01/presidential-candidates-pledge-aids-cure/web-admin/ . Gun control . Regarding gun control , Steyer supports a ban on assault weapons and universal background checks . Campaign finance . Asked in a November 2014 interview why he invests his money into elections rather than philanthropic organizations , Steyer stated that the price of inaction is too high not to take a direct role . He has said that he opposes Citizens United v . FEC , the 2010 Supreme Court decision allowing unlimited corporate donations to super PACs , but since climate change is urgent he will take necessary actions to provide funding nonetheless . Taxation . In an interview in October 2017 , Steyer said that he was in favor of raising personal taxes . He said that upper-income people in the United States had done disproportionately well at the expense of working families . Steyer called one version of a 2017 Republican tax reform proposal a thinly veiled reverse Robin Hood . 5 Rights . In November 2018 , in a full-page USA Today ad , Steyer outlined five non-partisan issue areas on which he said the Democrats should campaign , and which represent essential freedoms that should be guaranteed for all Americans : voting rights protections , a clean environment , a complete education , a living wage , and good health . Awards and honors . Steyer has received a number of awards and honors for his environmental work , including the Phillip Burton Public Service Award of Consumer Watchdog ( 2011 ) , the Environmental Leadership Award of the California League of Conservation Voters ( 2012 ) , the Environmental Achievement Award of the Environmental Law Institute ( 2013 ) , and the Land Conservation Award of the Open Space Institute ( 2015 ) . Steyer received Equality Californias 2015 Humanitarian Award for his work advancing progressive causes that benefit the LGBT community . Personal life . In August 1986 , Steyer married Kathryn Ann Taylor , a graduate of Harvard College who earned a Master of Business Administration and a Juris Doctor from Stanford University . The Reverend Richard Thayer , a Presbyterian minister , and Rabbi Charles Familant performed the ceremony . They have four children , Samuel Taylor ( Sam ) , Charles Augustus ( Gus ) , Evelyn Hoover ( Evi ) , and Henry Hume ( Henry ) . Kathryn was on the Presidents Council for the United Religions Initiative , an interfaith group . Steyer has two brothers : Hume Steyer , an attorney in New York City and Jim Steyer , an attorney , author , and a Stanford University professor . Steyer has a net worth of $1.6 billion . Mens Journal mentioned the modest aspects of his lifestyle noting that he owns an outdated hybrid Honda Accord and eschews luxury items such as expensive watches . Steyer wears tartan neckties every day , because in his words “You gotta dress up for a fight.” In his late 30s , Steyer had a revelation and began an involvement in the Episcopal Church , the religion of his mother ( his father was a non-practicing Jew ) . He has stated that during this time he became much more interested in religion and theology . The new interest reportedly galvanized his political advocacy . In 2018 , Steyer received two suspicious packages from convicted mail bomber Cesar Sayoc . External links . - Official website - Farallon Capital Management - Hellman & Friedman LLC
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[
"Farallon Capital"
] |
[
{
"text": "Thomas Fahr Steyer ( born June 27 , 1957 ) is an American businessman , hedge fund manager , philanthropist , environmentalist , and liberal activist . Steyer is the founder and former co-senior-managing-partner of Farallon Capital and the co-founder of OneCalifornia Bank , which became ( through merger ) Beneficial State Bank , an Oakland-based community development bank . Farallon Capital manages $20 billion in capital for institutions and high-net-worth individuals . The firms institutional investors include college endowments and foundations . Steyer served on the board of trustees at Stanford University from 2007 to 2017 . Since 1986",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": ", he has been a partner and member of the executive committee at Hellman & Friedman , a San Francisco–based private equity firm .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Steyer and his wife signed The Giving Pledge to donate half of their fortune to charity during their lifetime . In 2012 , he sold his stake in and retired from Farallon Capital . Switching his focus to politics and the environment , he launched NextGen America , a nonprofit organization that supports progressive positions on climate change , immigration , health care , and education .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": "Steyer sought the Democratic nomination for president in 2020 , but dropped out of the race after the first four state contests , having spent more than $191 million on campaign advertising but failing to obtain any pledged delegates .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Steyer was born in Manhattan . His mother , Marnie ( née Fahr ) was a teacher of remedial reading at the Brooklyn House of Detention and his father , Roy Henry Steyer was a partner in the New York law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell , and was a prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials . His father was a non-practicing Jew , and his mother was Episcopalian .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": "Steyer grew up on the Upper East Side of Manhattan , and attended the Buckley School and Phillips Exeter Academy . He graduated from Yale University summa cum laude in economics and political science , and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa . He was captain of the soccer team . At Yale , Steyer was a member of Wolfs Head Society Steyer received his MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business , where he was an Arjay Miller Scholar . He has served on the Stanford University board of trustees .",
"title": "Tom Steyer"
},
{
"text": " After graduation from Yale , Steyer began his professional career at Morgan Stanley in 1979 . After two years at Morgan Stanley , he attended Stanford Graduate School of Business . Steyer worked at Goldman Sachs from 1983 to 1985 as an associate in the risk arbitrage division , where he was involved in mergers and acquisitions . He later became a partner and member of the Executive Committee at Hellman & Friedman , a San Francisco–based private equity firm .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In January 1986 , Steyer founded Farallon Capital , a hedge fund firm headquartered in San Francisco . Steyer made his fortune running Farallon , which was managing $20 billion by the time he left the company . Steyer was known for taking high risks on distressed assets within volatile markets .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In October 2012 , Steyer stepped down from his position at Farallon in order to focus on advocating for alternative energy . Steyer decided to dispose of his carbon-polluting investments in 2012 , although critics say he did not dispose of them quickly enough and noted that the lifespan of the facilities he funded would extend through 2030 . A 2014 New York Times article said coal-mining companies that Farallon invested in or lent money to under Steyer had increased their coal production by 70 million tons annually since receiving money from Farallon , and that Steyer remained invested in",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "the Maules Creek coal mine . Prior to Steyer leaving Farallon , a student activist group called UnFarallon criticized the company for investments in companies with anti-environmental policies . In 2016 , some critics noted that Farallon had also invested in private prisons while Steyer was leading the hedge fund . According to SEC filings , Steyer was at the helm as the hedge fund purchased nearly $90 million of Corrections Corporation of America stock ( 5.5% of the companys outstanding shares ) . After leaving Farallon , Steyer hosted a two-day think-tank entitled the Big Think Climate Meeting to",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "discuss how to address climate change .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " On April 17 , 2020 , it was announced that California Governor Gavin Newsom had selected Steyer to chair a task force focused on the states economic recovery after the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic . The task force will also include former Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen , Disney Executive Chairman Bob Iger , and Apple Inc . CEO Tim Cook . Steyers co-chair will be political advisor Ann OLeary .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " In 2006 , Steyer and his wife , Kat Taylor , founded OneRoof , Inc. , a B Corp and social enterprise business designed to bring broadband connectivity , computer literacy , and employment skills via OneRoof Internet Centers to small rural towns in rural India and Mexico .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , Steyer and Taylor founded Beneficial State Bank , a community development bank , for the purpose of providing commercial banking services to underserved Bay Area businesses , nonprofits , and individuals , with operations now in California , Oregon , and Washington . Its stock ownership is entirely held by a foundation such that all profits are reinvested in local communities .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " Steyer and Taylor put up $22.5 million to start the bank and create the One PacificCoast Foundation to engage in charitable and educational activities , provide lending support , investments , and other services for disadvantaged communities and community service organizations in California . In August 2010 , Steyer and his wife signed onto The Giving Pledge , an initiative of Bill Gates and Warren Buffett .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": "Steyer and Taylor created the TomKat Ranch in Pescadero , California , near Half Moon Bay . The ranch is meant to research and demonstrate a sustainable way of doing agriculture . The ranchs activities include underwriting healthy food programs and co-producing an independent film , La Mission , starring Benjamin Bratt , about San Franciscos Mission neighborhood . Around 2011 , Steyer joined the board of Next Generation , a nonprofit intending to tackle childrens issues and the environment . In 2013 , Steyer founded NextGen Climate , an environmental advocacy nonprofit and political action committee .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " In August 2015 , Steyer launched the Fair Shake Commission on Income Inequality and Middle Class Opportunity , which was intended to advocate policies for promoting income equality .",
"title": "Philanthropy"
},
{
"text": " In 1983 , Steyer worked on Walter Mondales presidential campaign . He raised money for Bill Bradley in 2000 and John Kerry in 2004 .",
"title": "Political activity"
},
{
"text": "An early supporter of Hillary Clinton in 2008 , Steyer became one of Barack Obamas most prolific fundraisers . Steyer served as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 2004 and 2008 . Steyer has been a member of the Hamilton Project and has been involved with the Democracy Alliance , a network of progressive donors whose membership in the group requires them to donate at least $200,000 a year to recommended organizations .",
"title": "Political activity"
},
{
"text": " After the Obama victory in 2008 , Steyer was considered for appointment as Secretary of Treasury . Jim Steyer , Toms brother , told Mens Journal that Obama and his advisors would regret having chosen someone else , due to his expertise . In January 2013 , rumors briefly arose that Steyer might be named as a replacement for Energy Secretary Steven Chu . Asked whether he would accept such an appointment , Steyer said he would .",
"title": "Political activity"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Steyer joined former Secretary of State , San Francisco-based George Shultz , to co-chair the No on Prop . 23 campaign , the measure on the November 2010 ballot concerning Californias environmental legislation , AB32 . He donated $5 million to the campaign , which defeated Proposition 23 .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 , Steyer was the leading sponsor of Proposition 39 on the ballot in California . Its purpose was to close a loophole that allowed multi-state corporations to pay taxes out of state , mandating that they pay in California . Steyer contributed $29.6 million , saying that he could wait no longer for the change .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": " While supporters of Steyers effort said it would help break the partisan gridlock in Sacramento , critics objected that the increasing involvement of rich individuals perverts the original intent of the initiatives . Kim Alexander , president of the California Voter Foundation , said that the level of giving was unprecedented for an individual donor . Some critics called the initiative an ineffective jobs stimulus , while Steyer labeled it a success for closing a corporate loophole . 2012 .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 , Steyer hosted a fundraiser at his home for President Obama . At a private meeting , Steyer , along with fifteen other top donors , reportedly pressed the president regarding the Keystone pipeline , which Steyer opposed . Obama was said to be supportive of Steyers views , but reluctant to put his full weight behind any initiatives without better proof . Steyer was critical of Obamas decision to keep an energy initiative as a low priority .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": " Democratic National Convention speech . Steyer gave a speech at the 2012 Democratic National Convention , saying that the election was a choice about whether to go backward or forward . And that choice is especially stark when it comes to energy . Steyer said that Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney would take no action to reduce U.S . dependence on fossil fuels ; rather , he said , Romney would increase it . Steyer went on to support Obamas policies , which he described as investments to make us energy independent and create thousands of jobs .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": "2013–2014 .",
"title": "Ballot measures"
},
{
"text": " In February 2013 , Steyer spoke at an anti-Keystone XL Pipeline rally on the Washington Mall organized by Bill McKibben and attended by tens of thousands . McKibben asked Steyer to join the protest by tying himself to the White House gate and getting arrested , but Steyer was dissuaded by his brother Jim .",
"title": "Anti-Keystone rally"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , Steyer founded NextGen Climate ( now NextGen America ) , an environmental advocacy nonprofit and political action committee . NextGen Climate provided the environmentalist movement with significant capital and political influence . Steyer spent almost $74 million on the 2014 elections .",
"title": "NextGen America"
},
{
"text": "In October 2017 , NextGen America donated grants totaling $2.3-million to eight national immigration law service organizations , including the University of California Immigrant Legal Services Center , the Immigration Law Clinic at U C Davis School of Law , U C Hastings Center for Gender and Refugee Studies , Asian Americans Advancing Justice — Asian Law Caucus , California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation , Center for Community Change , American Immigration Lawyers Association , and the Council on American-Islamic Relations .",
"title": "NextGen America"
},
{
"text": " In 2014 , Steyer funded political campaigns to advocate for the election of at least nine candidates and to influence climate change policy through NextGen Climate . Those races included helping elect Ed Markey of Massachusetts over Stephen Lynch to the Senate in a special election in 2013 . Reportedly , Steyer spent $1.8 million attacking Lynch , including money for a plane Steyer paid to fly over a Boston Red Sox game with a banner that read , Steve Lynch for Oil Evil Empire .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": "Steyer supported Democrat Terry McAuliffes successful 2013 campaign for governor of Virginia through his NextGen Climate Action , contributing funds for paid media ( such as television advertisements ) and get-out-the-vote efforts . Steyer also supported Democrats in Senate races in Iowa , Colorado , New Hampshire , and Michigan and in Gubernatorial races in Pennsylvania , Maine , and Florida . Steyer cited Floridas pivotal role in the 2016 presidential election and its geographic position , which makes it highly vulnerable to climate change , as reasons for his focus on the state .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": " In June 2014 , Steyer said he planned to get involved in California legislative races , targeting three to four races in each house of the Legislature in a bid to affect climate change policy . The Guardian reported in 2014 that Steyer had become the single largest donor in American politics and is the leading advocate of environmental issues . Steyer spent about $67 million of his personal fortune in the 2014 midterm elections and had a 40% success rate . Of the seven Senate and gubernatorial candidates NextGen Climate supported , three won their races .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": "2015 .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": " In April 2015 , Steyer testified before the California Legislature in favor of a greenhouse-gas reduction bill . In August 2015 , Steyer was the guest of honor at the California Democratic Party headquarters to discuss bills to cut gasoline use in half by 2030 , although Steyer did not commit to spending large sums of money to support the bills .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": "In July 2015 , Steyer called on 2016 candidates to develop strategic plans to provide the United States with at least 50% of its energy from clean sources by 2030 . Reportedly , the message was targeted at Hillary Clinton , who had yet to outline an environmental policy . It was suggested that this was a strategic move to secure a political alliance with Clinton .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": " 2016 . Steyer raised money for Hillary Clinton , and he hosted a fundraiser on her behalf at his Burlingame home . Steyer contributed $87,057,853 in funds exclusively to Democratic Party candidates during the 2016 election cycle .",
"title": "Electoral campaign activity"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in October 2017 , Steyer spent approximately $10 million for a television ad campaign advocating the impeachment of Donald Trump , and more on a digital ad campaign to call for Trumps impeachment . In the ad , Steyer identifies himself only as an American citizen and alleges that Trump brought us to the brink of nuclear war , obstructed justice at the FBI , and in direct violation of the Constitution has taken money from foreign governments and threatened to shut down news organizations that report the truth . Trump responded by calling Steyer wacky and totally unhinged",
"title": "Trump impeachment campaign"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Trump impeachment campaign"
},
{
"text": " The Need to Impeach campaign led to speculation that Steyer was planning a run for California governor or California senator in 2018 , although he did not do so . In March 2018 , Steyer launched a 30-city town hall tour and , going into the fall election season , the campaign had amassed close to 6 million petition signatures .",
"title": "Trump impeachment campaign"
},
{
"text": "Steyer stepped down from his role as President at Need to Impeach in July 2019 when he announced his presidential campaign . As of 2019 , he has reportedly spent over $70 million in the effort . Steyer said Need to Impeach will continue under new leadership and named Nathaly Arriola , as the new Executive Director .",
"title": "Trump impeachment campaign"
},
{
"text": " Steyer considered running for governor of California in 2018 but in January 2018 announced that he would not run in the election . 2020 presidential campaign . After initially indicating that he would not seek the presidency , Steyer launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination on July 9 , 2019 , in an online campaign video posted to Twitter . As a self-funded candidate , Steyer committed himself to spending millions of dollars in campaign advertising .",
"title": "Potential gubernatorial bid"
},
{
"text": "Steyer qualified for , and participated in , six televised Democratic primary debates and failed to qualify for one debate .",
"title": "Potential gubernatorial bid"
},
{
"text": " Steyer came in seventh place in the Iowa caucuses and sixth place in the New Hampshire primaries out of the 11 active candidates , receiving no delegates . He earned no national pledged delegates from Iowa , New Hampshire , or Nevada . Steyer spent a great deal of time and money in South Carolina , far outspending other candidates . However , on February 29 , 2020 , he finished third ( behind Joe Biden and Bernie Sanders ) . Following that result , he suspended his campaign .",
"title": "Potential gubernatorial bid"
},
{
"text": "Steyer spent over $253 million , with all but a little over $3.5 million coming from his personal funds . This amount worked out to be $3,373 for every vote he received in the three primaries where he was on the ballot before dropping out of the race . During Steyers time as a candidate , his campaign spending surpassed that of every other Democratic candidate except for fellow billionaire Michael Bloomberg .",
"title": "Potential gubernatorial bid"
},
{
"text": "After holding several conversations during the summer of 2012 with environmental writer Bill McKibben , Steyer decided to focus much of his attention on the Keystone Pipeline . Steyer officially left Farallon in 2012 . He was criticized by some Republicans for attacking the pipeline even though he held some investments in the fossil-fuel industry . The investments included stock in Kinder Morgan , which had its own pipeline connecting the Canadian bitumen sands to a port on the Pacific , which could be seen as a rival to the Keystone pipeline . Steyer promised to fully unload his holdings",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": "there within a year . In September 2013 , Steyer appeared in a series of commercials in opposition to the proposed pipeline .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": " In a November 2015 interview , Steyer described the Obama administrations decision to reject the Keystone pipeline as fantastic . Global warming and renewable energy .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , Steyer and Taylor gave $41 million to create the TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy at Stanford University . Part of the Precourt Institute of Energy , it is focused on the development of affordable renewable energy technologies , and promotion of public policies to make renewable energy more accessible . Projects included the creation of lighter , less toxic , and more durable batteries , and an analysis of the then-current power grids capacities to support future renewable energy technologies .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": " In October 2013 , Steyer launched a bipartisan initiative to combat climate change along with then-New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and former Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson . The initiative , called the Risky Business Project , focuses on quantifying and publicizing the economic risks of climate change in the United States . Bloomberg , Paulson , and Steyer serve as co-chairs . The Project has published three reports—a National Report in June 2014 , a Midwest Report in January 2015 , and a California Report in April 2015 .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": "In 2015 , Steyer signed on to the Bill Gates Breakthrough Energy Coalition . The goal of the coalition is to jumpstart the demand and availability of green energy sources .",
"title": "Keystone Pipeline"
},
{
"text": " Steyer opposes Medicare for All but supports expanding coverage . Steyer became the first presidential candidate who took a position supporting a cure for AIDS during a question on the topic posed to him at the CNNs LGBT town hall in October 2019 http://westviewnews.org/2019/11/01/presidential-candidates-pledge-aids-cure/web-admin/ .",
"title": "Healthcare"
},
{
"text": " Regarding gun control , Steyer supports a ban on assault weapons and universal background checks .",
"title": "Gun control"
},
{
"text": " Asked in a November 2014 interview why he invests his money into elections rather than philanthropic organizations , Steyer stated that the price of inaction is too high not to take a direct role . He has said that he opposes Citizens United v . FEC , the 2010 Supreme Court decision allowing unlimited corporate donations to super PACs , but since climate change is urgent he will take necessary actions to provide funding nonetheless .",
"title": "Campaign finance"
},
{
"text": " In an interview in October 2017 , Steyer said that he was in favor of raising personal taxes . He said that upper-income people in the United States had done disproportionately well at the expense of working families . Steyer called one version of a 2017 Republican tax reform proposal a thinly veiled reverse Robin Hood . 5 Rights .",
"title": "Taxation"
},
{
"text": "In November 2018 , in a full-page USA Today ad , Steyer outlined five non-partisan issue areas on which he said the Democrats should campaign , and which represent essential freedoms that should be guaranteed for all Americans : voting rights protections , a clean environment , a complete education , a living wage , and good health .",
"title": "Taxation"
},
{
"text": " Steyer has received a number of awards and honors for his environmental work , including the Phillip Burton Public Service Award of Consumer Watchdog ( 2011 ) , the Environmental Leadership Award of the California League of Conservation Voters ( 2012 ) , the Environmental Achievement Award of the Environmental Law Institute ( 2013 ) , and the Land Conservation Award of the Open Space Institute ( 2015 ) . Steyer received Equality Californias 2015 Humanitarian Award for his work advancing progressive causes that benefit the LGBT community .",
"title": "Awards and honors"
},
{
"text": " In August 1986 , Steyer married Kathryn Ann Taylor , a graduate of Harvard College who earned a Master of Business Administration and a Juris Doctor from Stanford University . The Reverend Richard Thayer , a Presbyterian minister , and Rabbi Charles Familant performed the ceremony . They have four children , Samuel Taylor ( Sam ) , Charles Augustus ( Gus ) , Evelyn Hoover ( Evi ) , and Henry Hume ( Henry ) . Kathryn was on the Presidents Council for the United Religions Initiative , an interfaith group .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Steyer has two brothers : Hume Steyer , an attorney in New York City and Jim Steyer , an attorney , author , and a Stanford University professor .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Steyer has a net worth of $1.6 billion . Mens Journal mentioned the modest aspects of his lifestyle noting that he owns an outdated hybrid Honda Accord and eschews luxury items such as expensive watches . Steyer wears tartan neckties every day , because in his words “You gotta dress up for a fight.”",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In his late 30s , Steyer had a revelation and began an involvement in the Episcopal Church , the religion of his mother ( his father was a non-practicing Jew ) . He has stated that during this time he became much more interested in religion and theology . The new interest reportedly galvanized his political advocacy .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , Steyer received two suspicious packages from convicted mail bomber Cesar Sayoc .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Official website - Farallon Capital Management - Hellman & Friedman LLC",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Pauline_McNeill#P39#0
|
What position did Pauline McNeill take before Sep 1999?
|
Pauline McNeill Pauline Mary McNeill ( born 12 September 1962 ) is a Scottish Labour Party , politician serving as a Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for the Glasgow region . She previously represented the Glasgow Kelvin constituency . Having represented her constituency since the 1999 Scottish Parliament election , she was not re-elected in 2011 . However , she returned to the Scottish Parliament on the Glasgow regional list at the following election in 2016 . Early life and career . McNeil was educated at the co-educational , Roman Catholic Our Ladys High School , Cumbernauld before training as a graphic illustrator at Glasgow College of Building and Printing . She was President of the National Union of Students Scotland from 1986 to 1988 and was subsequently an organiser for GMB Scotland , representing NHS , hospitality and factory staff . An active member of the Labour Party since her time in the student movement , McNeill was also an executive committee member of the Campaign for a Scottish Assembly and a campaigner for devolution throughout the 1980s and 1990s . During her first term as an MSP , McNeill graduated from Strathclyde Law School after a period combining legislating and night school . Political career . McNeill was elected Member of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow Kelvin in the 1999 Scottish Parliament election . In the 1999–2003 Parliament , she served as vice-chair of the Scottish Parliament Labour Group . McNeill was re-elected as an MSP in 2003 and was appointed convener of the Justice Committee . She led parliamentary consideration of : - Land Reform ( Scotland ) Act 2003 - Civil Partnership Act 2004 - Rights of Relatives to Damages ( Mesothelioma ) ( Scotland ) Bill - Scottish Criminal Record Office Inquiry - Scottish Commission for Human Rights Act 2006 - Family Law ( Scotland ) Act 2006 McNeills committee also led consideration of reforms to the High Court amongst many other subjects and convened the first ever inquiry into the Crown and Procurator Fiscal Service , and helped deliver justice for asbestos victims in the Court of Session . In 2005 , she was awarded the Equality Networks Friend for Life award for her work on the committee ensuring the Civil Partnership Act 2004 and Gender Recognition Act 2004 legislation passed at the British Government level were compliant with existing Scottish legislation . Later , her committee won Committee of the Year at the 2006 Scottish Politician of the Year Awards . McNeill , a former band manager , was convener of the Cross Party Group on Contemporary Music . The group worked with key figures in the Scottish live music industry to launch the Scottish Live Music Manifesto and publish a Live Music Code of Conduct and Live Music Agreement , to improve protection for bands and young musicians from unscrupulous venues , agents and promoters . McNeill was a staunch opponent of the Iraq War and campaigned for the right of protesters to picket the 2003 Scottish Labour Party Conference , which took place at the SECC in her own constituency . On 2 July 2005 , McNeill was a demonstrator in a Make Poverty History march in Edinburgh when the 31st G8 summit met at Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire . As Convener of the Cross Party Group on Palestine , she was a United Nations observer at the 2006 Palestinian legislative election . Later in 2006 , she visited Lebanon in the aftermath of the war there . In 2007 , McNeill narrowly retained the Glasgow Kelvin seat with a reduced majority in the wake of public opposition to the national Labour governments invasion of Iraq , a policy she opposed . Following the election , she was appointed Scottish Labour Spokesperson for Children and Early Years and subsequently Spokesperson for Europe , External Affairs and Culture . McNeill lost Glasgow Kelvin in 2011 but was elected on the Glasgow regional list in 2016 . She is currently the Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Justice . In addition to this , she is Deputy Convenor of the Social Security Committee , a new committee created in response to the increase in devolved powers given by the Scotland Act 2016 . She is also a substitute member for the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee and the Local Government and Communities Committee . McNeill nominated Anas Sarwar in the 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election . Local Campaigning . From 1999 until 2011 , McNeill corresponded with 15,000 constituents by letter or at meetings and surgeries . McNeill has campaigned on the need for more affordable and social housing , and better regulation of housing in multiple occupation . On the environment , McNeill has campaigned for more effective steps to increase recycling take-up and reduce energy usage . On transport and planning , McNeill has called for better regulation of the bus industry , improvements to the Glasgow Subway , a more locally accountable planning system and improving local sports facilities . She has supported successful campaigns to grant Fair Trade status to the City of Glasgow and restore the Kelvingrove Park bandstand . On crime , McNeill has sought better safety in Glasgows city centre and the extension of community protections to its West End . McNeill also unsuccessfully campaigned against the downgrading of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children , Yorkhill and the Queen Mothers Hospital , including raising a 1,600-signature petition . However , childrens services at what became West Glasgow Ambulatory Care Hospital closed in 2015 and their responsibilities were taken up by the Royal Hospital for Children , Glasgow . Political positions and views . Since her student days , McNeill has had a strong interest in defence and foreign policy issues . She opposes the replacement of Trident with a new nuclear weapons system , opposes the holding of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay and has spoken out in favour of the rights of asylum seekers and new migrants . She continues to speak out , both in parliament and at public demonstrations , on the need for Middle East peace . McNeill remains a supporter of many student campaigns , including the successful campaign to elect Israeli dissident Mordechai Vanunu as Rector of Glasgow University and takes a keen interest in the welfare of students across the many further and higher institutions located in Glasgow . Personal life . McNeill is married to Joseph Cahill , an advocate , who is a former police officer and Deputy Procurator Fiscal . External links . - Pauline McNeill MSP website
|
[
"Member of the Scottish Parliament"
] |
[
{
"text": " Pauline Mary McNeill ( born 12 September 1962 ) is a Scottish Labour Party , politician serving as a Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for the Glasgow region . She previously represented the Glasgow Kelvin constituency . Having represented her constituency since the 1999 Scottish Parliament election , she was not re-elected in 2011 . However , she returned to the Scottish Parliament on the Glasgow regional list at the following election in 2016 . Early life and career .",
"title": "Pauline McNeill"
},
{
"text": "McNeil was educated at the co-educational , Roman Catholic Our Ladys High School , Cumbernauld before training as a graphic illustrator at Glasgow College of Building and Printing . She was President of the National Union of Students Scotland from 1986 to 1988 and was subsequently an organiser for GMB Scotland , representing NHS , hospitality and factory staff .",
"title": "Pauline McNeill"
},
{
"text": " An active member of the Labour Party since her time in the student movement , McNeill was also an executive committee member of the Campaign for a Scottish Assembly and a campaigner for devolution throughout the 1980s and 1990s . During her first term as an MSP , McNeill graduated from Strathclyde Law School after a period combining legislating and night school .",
"title": "Pauline McNeill"
},
{
"text": " McNeill was elected Member of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow Kelvin in the 1999 Scottish Parliament election . In the 1999–2003 Parliament , she served as vice-chair of the Scottish Parliament Labour Group . McNeill was re-elected as an MSP in 2003 and was appointed convener of the Justice Committee . She led parliamentary consideration of : - Land Reform ( Scotland ) Act 2003 - Civil Partnership Act 2004 - Rights of Relatives to Damages ( Mesothelioma ) ( Scotland ) Bill - Scottish Criminal Record Office Inquiry - Scottish Commission for Human Rights Act 2006",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "- Family Law ( Scotland ) Act 2006",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "McNeills committee also led consideration of reforms to the High Court amongst many other subjects and convened the first ever inquiry into the Crown and Procurator Fiscal Service , and helped deliver justice for asbestos victims in the Court of Session . In 2005 , she was awarded the Equality Networks Friend for Life award for her work on the committee ensuring the Civil Partnership Act 2004 and Gender Recognition Act 2004 legislation passed at the British Government level were compliant with existing Scottish legislation . Later , her committee won Committee of the Year at the 2006 Scottish Politician",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "of the Year Awards .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " McNeill , a former band manager , was convener of the Cross Party Group on Contemporary Music . The group worked with key figures in the Scottish live music industry to launch the Scottish Live Music Manifesto and publish a Live Music Code of Conduct and Live Music Agreement , to improve protection for bands and young musicians from unscrupulous venues , agents and promoters .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "McNeill was a staunch opponent of the Iraq War and campaigned for the right of protesters to picket the 2003 Scottish Labour Party Conference , which took place at the SECC in her own constituency .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " On 2 July 2005 , McNeill was a demonstrator in a Make Poverty History march in Edinburgh when the 31st G8 summit met at Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire . As Convener of the Cross Party Group on Palestine , she was a United Nations observer at the 2006 Palestinian legislative election . Later in 2006 , she visited Lebanon in the aftermath of the war there .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , McNeill narrowly retained the Glasgow Kelvin seat with a reduced majority in the wake of public opposition to the national Labour governments invasion of Iraq , a policy she opposed . Following the election , she was appointed Scottish Labour Spokesperson for Children and Early Years and subsequently Spokesperson for Europe , External Affairs and Culture .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " McNeill lost Glasgow Kelvin in 2011 but was elected on the Glasgow regional list in 2016 . She is currently the Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Justice . In addition to this , she is Deputy Convenor of the Social Security Committee , a new committee created in response to the increase in devolved powers given by the Scotland Act 2016 . She is also a substitute member for the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee and the Local Government and Communities Committee . McNeill nominated Anas Sarwar in the 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From 1999 until 2011 , McNeill corresponded with 15,000 constituents by letter or at meetings and surgeries . McNeill has campaigned on the need for more affordable and social housing , and better regulation of housing in multiple occupation . On the environment , McNeill has campaigned for more effective steps to increase recycling take-up and reduce energy usage .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": "On transport and planning , McNeill has called for better regulation of the bus industry , improvements to the Glasgow Subway , a more locally accountable planning system and improving local sports facilities . She has supported successful campaigns to grant Fair Trade status to the City of Glasgow and restore the Kelvingrove Park bandstand .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": " On crime , McNeill has sought better safety in Glasgows city centre and the extension of community protections to its West End . McNeill also unsuccessfully campaigned against the downgrading of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children , Yorkhill and the Queen Mothers Hospital , including raising a 1,600-signature petition . However , childrens services at what became West Glasgow Ambulatory Care Hospital closed in 2015 and their responsibilities were taken up by the Royal Hospital for Children , Glasgow . Political positions and views .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": "Since her student days , McNeill has had a strong interest in defence and foreign policy issues . She opposes the replacement of Trident with a new nuclear weapons system , opposes the holding of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay and has spoken out in favour of the rights of asylum seekers and new migrants . She continues to speak out , both in parliament and at public demonstrations , on the need for Middle East peace .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": " McNeill remains a supporter of many student campaigns , including the successful campaign to elect Israeli dissident Mordechai Vanunu as Rector of Glasgow University and takes a keen interest in the welfare of students across the many further and higher institutions located in Glasgow .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": " McNeill is married to Joseph Cahill , an advocate , who is a former police officer and Deputy Procurator Fiscal .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Pauline McNeill MSP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Pauline_McNeill#P39#1
|
What position did Pauline McNeill take in Jan 2005?
|
Pauline McNeill Pauline Mary McNeill ( born 12 September 1962 ) is a Scottish Labour Party , politician serving as a Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for the Glasgow region . She previously represented the Glasgow Kelvin constituency . Having represented her constituency since the 1999 Scottish Parliament election , she was not re-elected in 2011 . However , she returned to the Scottish Parliament on the Glasgow regional list at the following election in 2016 . Early life and career . McNeil was educated at the co-educational , Roman Catholic Our Ladys High School , Cumbernauld before training as a graphic illustrator at Glasgow College of Building and Printing . She was President of the National Union of Students Scotland from 1986 to 1988 and was subsequently an organiser for GMB Scotland , representing NHS , hospitality and factory staff . An active member of the Labour Party since her time in the student movement , McNeill was also an executive committee member of the Campaign for a Scottish Assembly and a campaigner for devolution throughout the 1980s and 1990s . During her first term as an MSP , McNeill graduated from Strathclyde Law School after a period combining legislating and night school . Political career . McNeill was elected Member of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow Kelvin in the 1999 Scottish Parliament election . In the 1999–2003 Parliament , she served as vice-chair of the Scottish Parliament Labour Group . McNeill was re-elected as an MSP in 2003 and was appointed convener of the Justice Committee . She led parliamentary consideration of : - Land Reform ( Scotland ) Act 2003 - Civil Partnership Act 2004 - Rights of Relatives to Damages ( Mesothelioma ) ( Scotland ) Bill - Scottish Criminal Record Office Inquiry - Scottish Commission for Human Rights Act 2006 - Family Law ( Scotland ) Act 2006 McNeills committee also led consideration of reforms to the High Court amongst many other subjects and convened the first ever inquiry into the Crown and Procurator Fiscal Service , and helped deliver justice for asbestos victims in the Court of Session . In 2005 , she was awarded the Equality Networks Friend for Life award for her work on the committee ensuring the Civil Partnership Act 2004 and Gender Recognition Act 2004 legislation passed at the British Government level were compliant with existing Scottish legislation . Later , her committee won Committee of the Year at the 2006 Scottish Politician of the Year Awards . McNeill , a former band manager , was convener of the Cross Party Group on Contemporary Music . The group worked with key figures in the Scottish live music industry to launch the Scottish Live Music Manifesto and publish a Live Music Code of Conduct and Live Music Agreement , to improve protection for bands and young musicians from unscrupulous venues , agents and promoters . McNeill was a staunch opponent of the Iraq War and campaigned for the right of protesters to picket the 2003 Scottish Labour Party Conference , which took place at the SECC in her own constituency . On 2 July 2005 , McNeill was a demonstrator in a Make Poverty History march in Edinburgh when the 31st G8 summit met at Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire . As Convener of the Cross Party Group on Palestine , she was a United Nations observer at the 2006 Palestinian legislative election . Later in 2006 , she visited Lebanon in the aftermath of the war there . In 2007 , McNeill narrowly retained the Glasgow Kelvin seat with a reduced majority in the wake of public opposition to the national Labour governments invasion of Iraq , a policy she opposed . Following the election , she was appointed Scottish Labour Spokesperson for Children and Early Years and subsequently Spokesperson for Europe , External Affairs and Culture . McNeill lost Glasgow Kelvin in 2011 but was elected on the Glasgow regional list in 2016 . She is currently the Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Justice . In addition to this , she is Deputy Convenor of the Social Security Committee , a new committee created in response to the increase in devolved powers given by the Scotland Act 2016 . She is also a substitute member for the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee and the Local Government and Communities Committee . McNeill nominated Anas Sarwar in the 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election . Local Campaigning . From 1999 until 2011 , McNeill corresponded with 15,000 constituents by letter or at meetings and surgeries . McNeill has campaigned on the need for more affordable and social housing , and better regulation of housing in multiple occupation . On the environment , McNeill has campaigned for more effective steps to increase recycling take-up and reduce energy usage . On transport and planning , McNeill has called for better regulation of the bus industry , improvements to the Glasgow Subway , a more locally accountable planning system and improving local sports facilities . She has supported successful campaigns to grant Fair Trade status to the City of Glasgow and restore the Kelvingrove Park bandstand . On crime , McNeill has sought better safety in Glasgows city centre and the extension of community protections to its West End . McNeill also unsuccessfully campaigned against the downgrading of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children , Yorkhill and the Queen Mothers Hospital , including raising a 1,600-signature petition . However , childrens services at what became West Glasgow Ambulatory Care Hospital closed in 2015 and their responsibilities were taken up by the Royal Hospital for Children , Glasgow . Political positions and views . Since her student days , McNeill has had a strong interest in defence and foreign policy issues . She opposes the replacement of Trident with a new nuclear weapons system , opposes the holding of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay and has spoken out in favour of the rights of asylum seekers and new migrants . She continues to speak out , both in parliament and at public demonstrations , on the need for Middle East peace . McNeill remains a supporter of many student campaigns , including the successful campaign to elect Israeli dissident Mordechai Vanunu as Rector of Glasgow University and takes a keen interest in the welfare of students across the many further and higher institutions located in Glasgow . Personal life . McNeill is married to Joseph Cahill , an advocate , who is a former police officer and Deputy Procurator Fiscal . External links . - Pauline McNeill MSP website
|
[
"Member of the Scottish Parliament"
] |
[
{
"text": " Pauline Mary McNeill ( born 12 September 1962 ) is a Scottish Labour Party , politician serving as a Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for the Glasgow region . She previously represented the Glasgow Kelvin constituency . Having represented her constituency since the 1999 Scottish Parliament election , she was not re-elected in 2011 . However , she returned to the Scottish Parliament on the Glasgow regional list at the following election in 2016 . Early life and career .",
"title": "Pauline McNeill"
},
{
"text": "McNeil was educated at the co-educational , Roman Catholic Our Ladys High School , Cumbernauld before training as a graphic illustrator at Glasgow College of Building and Printing . She was President of the National Union of Students Scotland from 1986 to 1988 and was subsequently an organiser for GMB Scotland , representing NHS , hospitality and factory staff .",
"title": "Pauline McNeill"
},
{
"text": " An active member of the Labour Party since her time in the student movement , McNeill was also an executive committee member of the Campaign for a Scottish Assembly and a campaigner for devolution throughout the 1980s and 1990s . During her first term as an MSP , McNeill graduated from Strathclyde Law School after a period combining legislating and night school .",
"title": "Pauline McNeill"
},
{
"text": " McNeill was elected Member of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow Kelvin in the 1999 Scottish Parliament election . In the 1999–2003 Parliament , she served as vice-chair of the Scottish Parliament Labour Group . McNeill was re-elected as an MSP in 2003 and was appointed convener of the Justice Committee . She led parliamentary consideration of : - Land Reform ( Scotland ) Act 2003 - Civil Partnership Act 2004 - Rights of Relatives to Damages ( Mesothelioma ) ( Scotland ) Bill - Scottish Criminal Record Office Inquiry - Scottish Commission for Human Rights Act 2006",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "- Family Law ( Scotland ) Act 2006",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "McNeills committee also led consideration of reforms to the High Court amongst many other subjects and convened the first ever inquiry into the Crown and Procurator Fiscal Service , and helped deliver justice for asbestos victims in the Court of Session . In 2005 , she was awarded the Equality Networks Friend for Life award for her work on the committee ensuring the Civil Partnership Act 2004 and Gender Recognition Act 2004 legislation passed at the British Government level were compliant with existing Scottish legislation . Later , her committee won Committee of the Year at the 2006 Scottish Politician",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "of the Year Awards .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " McNeill , a former band manager , was convener of the Cross Party Group on Contemporary Music . The group worked with key figures in the Scottish live music industry to launch the Scottish Live Music Manifesto and publish a Live Music Code of Conduct and Live Music Agreement , to improve protection for bands and young musicians from unscrupulous venues , agents and promoters .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "McNeill was a staunch opponent of the Iraq War and campaigned for the right of protesters to picket the 2003 Scottish Labour Party Conference , which took place at the SECC in her own constituency .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " On 2 July 2005 , McNeill was a demonstrator in a Make Poverty History march in Edinburgh when the 31st G8 summit met at Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire . As Convener of the Cross Party Group on Palestine , she was a United Nations observer at the 2006 Palestinian legislative election . Later in 2006 , she visited Lebanon in the aftermath of the war there .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , McNeill narrowly retained the Glasgow Kelvin seat with a reduced majority in the wake of public opposition to the national Labour governments invasion of Iraq , a policy she opposed . Following the election , she was appointed Scottish Labour Spokesperson for Children and Early Years and subsequently Spokesperson for Europe , External Affairs and Culture .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " McNeill lost Glasgow Kelvin in 2011 but was elected on the Glasgow regional list in 2016 . She is currently the Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Justice . In addition to this , she is Deputy Convenor of the Social Security Committee , a new committee created in response to the increase in devolved powers given by the Scotland Act 2016 . She is also a substitute member for the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee and the Local Government and Communities Committee . McNeill nominated Anas Sarwar in the 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From 1999 until 2011 , McNeill corresponded with 15,000 constituents by letter or at meetings and surgeries . McNeill has campaigned on the need for more affordable and social housing , and better regulation of housing in multiple occupation . On the environment , McNeill has campaigned for more effective steps to increase recycling take-up and reduce energy usage .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": "On transport and planning , McNeill has called for better regulation of the bus industry , improvements to the Glasgow Subway , a more locally accountable planning system and improving local sports facilities . She has supported successful campaigns to grant Fair Trade status to the City of Glasgow and restore the Kelvingrove Park bandstand .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": " On crime , McNeill has sought better safety in Glasgows city centre and the extension of community protections to its West End . McNeill also unsuccessfully campaigned against the downgrading of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children , Yorkhill and the Queen Mothers Hospital , including raising a 1,600-signature petition . However , childrens services at what became West Glasgow Ambulatory Care Hospital closed in 2015 and their responsibilities were taken up by the Royal Hospital for Children , Glasgow . Political positions and views .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": "Since her student days , McNeill has had a strong interest in defence and foreign policy issues . She opposes the replacement of Trident with a new nuclear weapons system , opposes the holding of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay and has spoken out in favour of the rights of asylum seekers and new migrants . She continues to speak out , both in parliament and at public demonstrations , on the need for Middle East peace .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": " McNeill remains a supporter of many student campaigns , including the successful campaign to elect Israeli dissident Mordechai Vanunu as Rector of Glasgow University and takes a keen interest in the welfare of students across the many further and higher institutions located in Glasgow .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": " McNeill is married to Joseph Cahill , an advocate , who is a former police officer and Deputy Procurator Fiscal .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Pauline McNeill MSP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Pauline_McNeill#P39#2
|
What position did Pauline McNeill take between Oct 2009 and Sep 2010?
|
Pauline McNeill Pauline Mary McNeill ( born 12 September 1962 ) is a Scottish Labour Party , politician serving as a Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for the Glasgow region . She previously represented the Glasgow Kelvin constituency . Having represented her constituency since the 1999 Scottish Parliament election , she was not re-elected in 2011 . However , she returned to the Scottish Parliament on the Glasgow regional list at the following election in 2016 . Early life and career . McNeil was educated at the co-educational , Roman Catholic Our Ladys High School , Cumbernauld before training as a graphic illustrator at Glasgow College of Building and Printing . She was President of the National Union of Students Scotland from 1986 to 1988 and was subsequently an organiser for GMB Scotland , representing NHS , hospitality and factory staff . An active member of the Labour Party since her time in the student movement , McNeill was also an executive committee member of the Campaign for a Scottish Assembly and a campaigner for devolution throughout the 1980s and 1990s . During her first term as an MSP , McNeill graduated from Strathclyde Law School after a period combining legislating and night school . Political career . McNeill was elected Member of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow Kelvin in the 1999 Scottish Parliament election . In the 1999–2003 Parliament , she served as vice-chair of the Scottish Parliament Labour Group . McNeill was re-elected as an MSP in 2003 and was appointed convener of the Justice Committee . She led parliamentary consideration of : - Land Reform ( Scotland ) Act 2003 - Civil Partnership Act 2004 - Rights of Relatives to Damages ( Mesothelioma ) ( Scotland ) Bill - Scottish Criminal Record Office Inquiry - Scottish Commission for Human Rights Act 2006 - Family Law ( Scotland ) Act 2006 McNeills committee also led consideration of reforms to the High Court amongst many other subjects and convened the first ever inquiry into the Crown and Procurator Fiscal Service , and helped deliver justice for asbestos victims in the Court of Session . In 2005 , she was awarded the Equality Networks Friend for Life award for her work on the committee ensuring the Civil Partnership Act 2004 and Gender Recognition Act 2004 legislation passed at the British Government level were compliant with existing Scottish legislation . Later , her committee won Committee of the Year at the 2006 Scottish Politician of the Year Awards . McNeill , a former band manager , was convener of the Cross Party Group on Contemporary Music . The group worked with key figures in the Scottish live music industry to launch the Scottish Live Music Manifesto and publish a Live Music Code of Conduct and Live Music Agreement , to improve protection for bands and young musicians from unscrupulous venues , agents and promoters . McNeill was a staunch opponent of the Iraq War and campaigned for the right of protesters to picket the 2003 Scottish Labour Party Conference , which took place at the SECC in her own constituency . On 2 July 2005 , McNeill was a demonstrator in a Make Poverty History march in Edinburgh when the 31st G8 summit met at Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire . As Convener of the Cross Party Group on Palestine , she was a United Nations observer at the 2006 Palestinian legislative election . Later in 2006 , she visited Lebanon in the aftermath of the war there . In 2007 , McNeill narrowly retained the Glasgow Kelvin seat with a reduced majority in the wake of public opposition to the national Labour governments invasion of Iraq , a policy she opposed . Following the election , she was appointed Scottish Labour Spokesperson for Children and Early Years and subsequently Spokesperson for Europe , External Affairs and Culture . McNeill lost Glasgow Kelvin in 2011 but was elected on the Glasgow regional list in 2016 . She is currently the Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Justice . In addition to this , she is Deputy Convenor of the Social Security Committee , a new committee created in response to the increase in devolved powers given by the Scotland Act 2016 . She is also a substitute member for the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee and the Local Government and Communities Committee . McNeill nominated Anas Sarwar in the 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election . Local Campaigning . From 1999 until 2011 , McNeill corresponded with 15,000 constituents by letter or at meetings and surgeries . McNeill has campaigned on the need for more affordable and social housing , and better regulation of housing in multiple occupation . On the environment , McNeill has campaigned for more effective steps to increase recycling take-up and reduce energy usage . On transport and planning , McNeill has called for better regulation of the bus industry , improvements to the Glasgow Subway , a more locally accountable planning system and improving local sports facilities . She has supported successful campaigns to grant Fair Trade status to the City of Glasgow and restore the Kelvingrove Park bandstand . On crime , McNeill has sought better safety in Glasgows city centre and the extension of community protections to its West End . McNeill also unsuccessfully campaigned against the downgrading of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children , Yorkhill and the Queen Mothers Hospital , including raising a 1,600-signature petition . However , childrens services at what became West Glasgow Ambulatory Care Hospital closed in 2015 and their responsibilities were taken up by the Royal Hospital for Children , Glasgow . Political positions and views . Since her student days , McNeill has had a strong interest in defence and foreign policy issues . She opposes the replacement of Trident with a new nuclear weapons system , opposes the holding of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay and has spoken out in favour of the rights of asylum seekers and new migrants . She continues to speak out , both in parliament and at public demonstrations , on the need for Middle East peace . McNeill remains a supporter of many student campaigns , including the successful campaign to elect Israeli dissident Mordechai Vanunu as Rector of Glasgow University and takes a keen interest in the welfare of students across the many further and higher institutions located in Glasgow . Personal life . McNeill is married to Joseph Cahill , an advocate , who is a former police officer and Deputy Procurator Fiscal . External links . - Pauline McNeill MSP website
|
[
"Member of the Scottish Parliament"
] |
[
{
"text": " Pauline Mary McNeill ( born 12 September 1962 ) is a Scottish Labour Party , politician serving as a Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for the Glasgow region . She previously represented the Glasgow Kelvin constituency . Having represented her constituency since the 1999 Scottish Parliament election , she was not re-elected in 2011 . However , she returned to the Scottish Parliament on the Glasgow regional list at the following election in 2016 . Early life and career .",
"title": "Pauline McNeill"
},
{
"text": "McNeil was educated at the co-educational , Roman Catholic Our Ladys High School , Cumbernauld before training as a graphic illustrator at Glasgow College of Building and Printing . She was President of the National Union of Students Scotland from 1986 to 1988 and was subsequently an organiser for GMB Scotland , representing NHS , hospitality and factory staff .",
"title": "Pauline McNeill"
},
{
"text": " An active member of the Labour Party since her time in the student movement , McNeill was also an executive committee member of the Campaign for a Scottish Assembly and a campaigner for devolution throughout the 1980s and 1990s . During her first term as an MSP , McNeill graduated from Strathclyde Law School after a period combining legislating and night school .",
"title": "Pauline McNeill"
},
{
"text": " McNeill was elected Member of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow Kelvin in the 1999 Scottish Parliament election . In the 1999–2003 Parliament , she served as vice-chair of the Scottish Parliament Labour Group . McNeill was re-elected as an MSP in 2003 and was appointed convener of the Justice Committee . She led parliamentary consideration of : - Land Reform ( Scotland ) Act 2003 - Civil Partnership Act 2004 - Rights of Relatives to Damages ( Mesothelioma ) ( Scotland ) Bill - Scottish Criminal Record Office Inquiry - Scottish Commission for Human Rights Act 2006",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "- Family Law ( Scotland ) Act 2006",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "McNeills committee also led consideration of reforms to the High Court amongst many other subjects and convened the first ever inquiry into the Crown and Procurator Fiscal Service , and helped deliver justice for asbestos victims in the Court of Session . In 2005 , she was awarded the Equality Networks Friend for Life award for her work on the committee ensuring the Civil Partnership Act 2004 and Gender Recognition Act 2004 legislation passed at the British Government level were compliant with existing Scottish legislation . Later , her committee won Committee of the Year at the 2006 Scottish Politician",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "of the Year Awards .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " McNeill , a former band manager , was convener of the Cross Party Group on Contemporary Music . The group worked with key figures in the Scottish live music industry to launch the Scottish Live Music Manifesto and publish a Live Music Code of Conduct and Live Music Agreement , to improve protection for bands and young musicians from unscrupulous venues , agents and promoters .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "McNeill was a staunch opponent of the Iraq War and campaigned for the right of protesters to picket the 2003 Scottish Labour Party Conference , which took place at the SECC in her own constituency .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " On 2 July 2005 , McNeill was a demonstrator in a Make Poverty History march in Edinburgh when the 31st G8 summit met at Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire . As Convener of the Cross Party Group on Palestine , she was a United Nations observer at the 2006 Palestinian legislative election . Later in 2006 , she visited Lebanon in the aftermath of the war there .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , McNeill narrowly retained the Glasgow Kelvin seat with a reduced majority in the wake of public opposition to the national Labour governments invasion of Iraq , a policy she opposed . Following the election , she was appointed Scottish Labour Spokesperson for Children and Early Years and subsequently Spokesperson for Europe , External Affairs and Culture .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " McNeill lost Glasgow Kelvin in 2011 but was elected on the Glasgow regional list in 2016 . She is currently the Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Justice . In addition to this , she is Deputy Convenor of the Social Security Committee , a new committee created in response to the increase in devolved powers given by the Scotland Act 2016 . She is also a substitute member for the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee and the Local Government and Communities Committee . McNeill nominated Anas Sarwar in the 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From 1999 until 2011 , McNeill corresponded with 15,000 constituents by letter or at meetings and surgeries . McNeill has campaigned on the need for more affordable and social housing , and better regulation of housing in multiple occupation . On the environment , McNeill has campaigned for more effective steps to increase recycling take-up and reduce energy usage .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": "On transport and planning , McNeill has called for better regulation of the bus industry , improvements to the Glasgow Subway , a more locally accountable planning system and improving local sports facilities . She has supported successful campaigns to grant Fair Trade status to the City of Glasgow and restore the Kelvingrove Park bandstand .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": " On crime , McNeill has sought better safety in Glasgows city centre and the extension of community protections to its West End . McNeill also unsuccessfully campaigned against the downgrading of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children , Yorkhill and the Queen Mothers Hospital , including raising a 1,600-signature petition . However , childrens services at what became West Glasgow Ambulatory Care Hospital closed in 2015 and their responsibilities were taken up by the Royal Hospital for Children , Glasgow . Political positions and views .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": "Since her student days , McNeill has had a strong interest in defence and foreign policy issues . She opposes the replacement of Trident with a new nuclear weapons system , opposes the holding of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay and has spoken out in favour of the rights of asylum seekers and new migrants . She continues to speak out , both in parliament and at public demonstrations , on the need for Middle East peace .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": " McNeill remains a supporter of many student campaigns , including the successful campaign to elect Israeli dissident Mordechai Vanunu as Rector of Glasgow University and takes a keen interest in the welfare of students across the many further and higher institutions located in Glasgow .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": " McNeill is married to Joseph Cahill , an advocate , who is a former police officer and Deputy Procurator Fiscal .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Pauline McNeill MSP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Pauline_McNeill#P39#3
|
What position did Pauline McNeill take between Sep 2016 and Oct 2016?
|
Pauline McNeill Pauline Mary McNeill ( born 12 September 1962 ) is a Scottish Labour Party , politician serving as a Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for the Glasgow region . She previously represented the Glasgow Kelvin constituency . Having represented her constituency since the 1999 Scottish Parliament election , she was not re-elected in 2011 . However , she returned to the Scottish Parliament on the Glasgow regional list at the following election in 2016 . Early life and career . McNeil was educated at the co-educational , Roman Catholic Our Ladys High School , Cumbernauld before training as a graphic illustrator at Glasgow College of Building and Printing . She was President of the National Union of Students Scotland from 1986 to 1988 and was subsequently an organiser for GMB Scotland , representing NHS , hospitality and factory staff . An active member of the Labour Party since her time in the student movement , McNeill was also an executive committee member of the Campaign for a Scottish Assembly and a campaigner for devolution throughout the 1980s and 1990s . During her first term as an MSP , McNeill graduated from Strathclyde Law School after a period combining legislating and night school . Political career . McNeill was elected Member of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow Kelvin in the 1999 Scottish Parliament election . In the 1999–2003 Parliament , she served as vice-chair of the Scottish Parliament Labour Group . McNeill was re-elected as an MSP in 2003 and was appointed convener of the Justice Committee . She led parliamentary consideration of : - Land Reform ( Scotland ) Act 2003 - Civil Partnership Act 2004 - Rights of Relatives to Damages ( Mesothelioma ) ( Scotland ) Bill - Scottish Criminal Record Office Inquiry - Scottish Commission for Human Rights Act 2006 - Family Law ( Scotland ) Act 2006 McNeills committee also led consideration of reforms to the High Court amongst many other subjects and convened the first ever inquiry into the Crown and Procurator Fiscal Service , and helped deliver justice for asbestos victims in the Court of Session . In 2005 , she was awarded the Equality Networks Friend for Life award for her work on the committee ensuring the Civil Partnership Act 2004 and Gender Recognition Act 2004 legislation passed at the British Government level were compliant with existing Scottish legislation . Later , her committee won Committee of the Year at the 2006 Scottish Politician of the Year Awards . McNeill , a former band manager , was convener of the Cross Party Group on Contemporary Music . The group worked with key figures in the Scottish live music industry to launch the Scottish Live Music Manifesto and publish a Live Music Code of Conduct and Live Music Agreement , to improve protection for bands and young musicians from unscrupulous venues , agents and promoters . McNeill was a staunch opponent of the Iraq War and campaigned for the right of protesters to picket the 2003 Scottish Labour Party Conference , which took place at the SECC in her own constituency . On 2 July 2005 , McNeill was a demonstrator in a Make Poverty History march in Edinburgh when the 31st G8 summit met at Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire . As Convener of the Cross Party Group on Palestine , she was a United Nations observer at the 2006 Palestinian legislative election . Later in 2006 , she visited Lebanon in the aftermath of the war there . In 2007 , McNeill narrowly retained the Glasgow Kelvin seat with a reduced majority in the wake of public opposition to the national Labour governments invasion of Iraq , a policy she opposed . Following the election , she was appointed Scottish Labour Spokesperson for Children and Early Years and subsequently Spokesperson for Europe , External Affairs and Culture . McNeill lost Glasgow Kelvin in 2011 but was elected on the Glasgow regional list in 2016 . She is currently the Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Justice . In addition to this , she is Deputy Convenor of the Social Security Committee , a new committee created in response to the increase in devolved powers given by the Scotland Act 2016 . She is also a substitute member for the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee and the Local Government and Communities Committee . McNeill nominated Anas Sarwar in the 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election . Local Campaigning . From 1999 until 2011 , McNeill corresponded with 15,000 constituents by letter or at meetings and surgeries . McNeill has campaigned on the need for more affordable and social housing , and better regulation of housing in multiple occupation . On the environment , McNeill has campaigned for more effective steps to increase recycling take-up and reduce energy usage . On transport and planning , McNeill has called for better regulation of the bus industry , improvements to the Glasgow Subway , a more locally accountable planning system and improving local sports facilities . She has supported successful campaigns to grant Fair Trade status to the City of Glasgow and restore the Kelvingrove Park bandstand . On crime , McNeill has sought better safety in Glasgows city centre and the extension of community protections to its West End . McNeill also unsuccessfully campaigned against the downgrading of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children , Yorkhill and the Queen Mothers Hospital , including raising a 1,600-signature petition . However , childrens services at what became West Glasgow Ambulatory Care Hospital closed in 2015 and their responsibilities were taken up by the Royal Hospital for Children , Glasgow . Political positions and views . Since her student days , McNeill has had a strong interest in defence and foreign policy issues . She opposes the replacement of Trident with a new nuclear weapons system , opposes the holding of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay and has spoken out in favour of the rights of asylum seekers and new migrants . She continues to speak out , both in parliament and at public demonstrations , on the need for Middle East peace . McNeill remains a supporter of many student campaigns , including the successful campaign to elect Israeli dissident Mordechai Vanunu as Rector of Glasgow University and takes a keen interest in the welfare of students across the many further and higher institutions located in Glasgow . Personal life . McNeill is married to Joseph Cahill , an advocate , who is a former police officer and Deputy Procurator Fiscal . External links . - Pauline McNeill MSP website
|
[
"Member of the Scottish Parliament"
] |
[
{
"text": " Pauline Mary McNeill ( born 12 September 1962 ) is a Scottish Labour Party , politician serving as a Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for the Glasgow region . She previously represented the Glasgow Kelvin constituency . Having represented her constituency since the 1999 Scottish Parliament election , she was not re-elected in 2011 . However , she returned to the Scottish Parliament on the Glasgow regional list at the following election in 2016 . Early life and career .",
"title": "Pauline McNeill"
},
{
"text": "McNeil was educated at the co-educational , Roman Catholic Our Ladys High School , Cumbernauld before training as a graphic illustrator at Glasgow College of Building and Printing . She was President of the National Union of Students Scotland from 1986 to 1988 and was subsequently an organiser for GMB Scotland , representing NHS , hospitality and factory staff .",
"title": "Pauline McNeill"
},
{
"text": " An active member of the Labour Party since her time in the student movement , McNeill was also an executive committee member of the Campaign for a Scottish Assembly and a campaigner for devolution throughout the 1980s and 1990s . During her first term as an MSP , McNeill graduated from Strathclyde Law School after a period combining legislating and night school .",
"title": "Pauline McNeill"
},
{
"text": " McNeill was elected Member of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow Kelvin in the 1999 Scottish Parliament election . In the 1999–2003 Parliament , she served as vice-chair of the Scottish Parliament Labour Group . McNeill was re-elected as an MSP in 2003 and was appointed convener of the Justice Committee . She led parliamentary consideration of : - Land Reform ( Scotland ) Act 2003 - Civil Partnership Act 2004 - Rights of Relatives to Damages ( Mesothelioma ) ( Scotland ) Bill - Scottish Criminal Record Office Inquiry - Scottish Commission for Human Rights Act 2006",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "- Family Law ( Scotland ) Act 2006",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "McNeills committee also led consideration of reforms to the High Court amongst many other subjects and convened the first ever inquiry into the Crown and Procurator Fiscal Service , and helped deliver justice for asbestos victims in the Court of Session . In 2005 , she was awarded the Equality Networks Friend for Life award for her work on the committee ensuring the Civil Partnership Act 2004 and Gender Recognition Act 2004 legislation passed at the British Government level were compliant with existing Scottish legislation . Later , her committee won Committee of the Year at the 2006 Scottish Politician",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "of the Year Awards .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " McNeill , a former band manager , was convener of the Cross Party Group on Contemporary Music . The group worked with key figures in the Scottish live music industry to launch the Scottish Live Music Manifesto and publish a Live Music Code of Conduct and Live Music Agreement , to improve protection for bands and young musicians from unscrupulous venues , agents and promoters .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "McNeill was a staunch opponent of the Iraq War and campaigned for the right of protesters to picket the 2003 Scottish Labour Party Conference , which took place at the SECC in her own constituency .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " On 2 July 2005 , McNeill was a demonstrator in a Make Poverty History march in Edinburgh when the 31st G8 summit met at Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire . As Convener of the Cross Party Group on Palestine , she was a United Nations observer at the 2006 Palestinian legislative election . Later in 2006 , she visited Lebanon in the aftermath of the war there .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , McNeill narrowly retained the Glasgow Kelvin seat with a reduced majority in the wake of public opposition to the national Labour governments invasion of Iraq , a policy she opposed . Following the election , she was appointed Scottish Labour Spokesperson for Children and Early Years and subsequently Spokesperson for Europe , External Affairs and Culture .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " McNeill lost Glasgow Kelvin in 2011 but was elected on the Glasgow regional list in 2016 . She is currently the Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Justice . In addition to this , she is Deputy Convenor of the Social Security Committee , a new committee created in response to the increase in devolved powers given by the Scotland Act 2016 . She is also a substitute member for the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee and the Local Government and Communities Committee . McNeill nominated Anas Sarwar in the 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From 1999 until 2011 , McNeill corresponded with 15,000 constituents by letter or at meetings and surgeries . McNeill has campaigned on the need for more affordable and social housing , and better regulation of housing in multiple occupation . On the environment , McNeill has campaigned for more effective steps to increase recycling take-up and reduce energy usage .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": "On transport and planning , McNeill has called for better regulation of the bus industry , improvements to the Glasgow Subway , a more locally accountable planning system and improving local sports facilities . She has supported successful campaigns to grant Fair Trade status to the City of Glasgow and restore the Kelvingrove Park bandstand .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": " On crime , McNeill has sought better safety in Glasgows city centre and the extension of community protections to its West End . McNeill also unsuccessfully campaigned against the downgrading of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children , Yorkhill and the Queen Mothers Hospital , including raising a 1,600-signature petition . However , childrens services at what became West Glasgow Ambulatory Care Hospital closed in 2015 and their responsibilities were taken up by the Royal Hospital for Children , Glasgow . Political positions and views .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": "Since her student days , McNeill has had a strong interest in defence and foreign policy issues . She opposes the replacement of Trident with a new nuclear weapons system , opposes the holding of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay and has spoken out in favour of the rights of asylum seekers and new migrants . She continues to speak out , both in parliament and at public demonstrations , on the need for Middle East peace .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": " McNeill remains a supporter of many student campaigns , including the successful campaign to elect Israeli dissident Mordechai Vanunu as Rector of Glasgow University and takes a keen interest in the welfare of students across the many further and higher institutions located in Glasgow .",
"title": "Local Campaigning"
},
{
"text": " McNeill is married to Joseph Cahill , an advocate , who is a former police officer and Deputy Procurator Fiscal .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Pauline McNeill MSP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(computer_scientist)#P108#0
|
Which employer did Robert Taylor (computer scientist) work for before Dec 1960?
|
Robert Taylor ( computer scientist ) Robert William Taylor ( February 10 , 1932 – April 13 , 2017 ) , known as Bob Taylor , was an American Internet pioneer , who led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer , and other related technologies . He was director of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office from 1965 through 1969 , founder and later manager of Xerox PARCs Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983 , and founder and manager of Digital Equipment Corporations Systems Research Center until 1996 . Uniquely , Taylor had no formal academic training or research experience in computer science ; Severo Ornstein likened Taylor to a concert pianist without fingers , a perception reaffirmed by historian Leslie Berlin : Taylor could hear a faint melody in the distance , but he could not play it himself . He knew whether to move up or down the scale to approximate the sound , he could recognize when a note was wrong , but he needed someone else to make the music . His awards include the National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the Draper Prize . Taylor was known for his high-level vision : The Internet is not about technology ; its about communication . The Internet connects people who have shared interests , ideas and needs , regardless of geography . Early life . Robert W . Taylor was born in Dallas , Texas , in 1932 . His adoptive father , Rev . Raymond Taylor , was a Methodist minister who held degrees from Southern Methodist University , the University of Texas at Austin and Yale Divinity School . The family ( including Taylors adoptive mother , Audrey ) was highly itinerant during Taylors childhood , moving from parish to parish . Having skipped several grades as a result of his enrollment in an experimental school , he began his higher education at Southern Methodist University at the age of 16 in 1948 ; while there , he was not a serious student but had a good time . Taylor then served a stint in the United States Naval Reserve during the Korean War ( 1952–1954 ) at Naval Air Station Dallas before returning to his studies at the University of Texas at Austin under the GI Bill . At UT he was a professional student , taking courses for pleasure . In 1957 , he earned an undergraduate degree in experimental psychology from the institution with minors in mathematics , philosophy , English and religion . He subsequently earned a masters degree in psychology from Texas in 1959 before electing not to pursue a PhD in the field . Reflecting his background in experimental psychology and mathematics , he completed research in neuroscience , psychoacoustics and the auditory nervous system as a graduate student . According to Taylor , I had a teaching assistantship in the department , and they were urging me to get a PhD , but to get a PhD in psychology in those days , maybe still today , you have to qualify and take courses in abnormal psychology , social psychology , clinical psychology , child psychology , none of which I was interested in . Those are all sort of in the softer regions of psychology . Theyre not very scientific , theyre not very rigorous . I was interested in physiological psychology , in psychoacoustics or the portion of psychology which deals with science , the nervous system , things that are more like applied physics and biology , really , than they are what normally people think of when they think of psychology . So I didnt want to waste time taking courses in those other areas and so I said Im not going to get a PhD . After leaving Texas , Taylor taught math and coached basketball for a year at Howey Academy , a co-ed prep school in Florida . I had a wonderful time but was very poor , with a second child — who turned out to be twins — on the way , he recalled . Taylor took engineering jobs with aircraft companies at better salaries . He helped to design the MGM-31 Pershing as a senior systems engineer for defense contractor Martin Marietta ( 1960–1961 ) in Orlando , Florida . In 1962 , after submitting a research proposal for a flight control simulation display , he was invited to join NASAs Office of Advanced Research and Technology as a program manager assigned to the manned flight control and display division . Computer career . Taylor worked for NASA in Washington , D.C . while the Kennedy administration was backing research and development projects such as the Apollo program for a manned moon landing . In late 1962 Taylor met J . C . R . Licklider , who was heading the new Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) of the Advanced Research Project Agency ( ARPA ) of the United States Department of Defense . Like Taylor , Licklider had specialized in psychoacoustics during his graduate studies . In March 1960 , he published Man-Computer Symbiosis , an article that envisioned new ways to use computers . This work was an influential roadmap in the history of the internet and the personal computer , and greatly influenced Taylor . During this period , Taylor also became acquainted with Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park , California . He directed NASA funding to Engelbarts studies of computer-display technology at SRI that led to the computer mouse . The public demonstration of a mouse-based user interface was later called the Mother of All Demos . At the Fall 1968 Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco , Engelbart , Bill English , Jeff Rulifson and the rest of the Human Augmentation Research Center team at SRI showed on a big screen how he could manipulate a computer remotely located in Menlo Park , while sitting on a San Francisco stage , using his mouse . ARPA . In 1965 , Taylor moved from NASA to IPTO , first as a deputy to Ivan Sutherland ( who returned to academia shortly thereafter ) to fund large programs in advanced research in computing at major universities and corporate research centers throughout the United States . Among the computer projects that ARPA supported was time-sharing , in which many users could work at terminals to share a single large computer . Users could work interactively instead of using punched cards or punched tape in a batch processing style . Taylors office in the Pentagon had a terminal connected to time-sharing at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a terminal connected to the Berkeley Timesharing System at the University of California , Berkeley , and a third terminal to the System Development Corporation in Santa Monica , California . He noticed each system developed a community of users , but was isolated from the other communities . Taylor hoped to build a computer network to connect the ARPA-sponsored projects together , if nothing else , to let him communicate to all of them through one terminal . By June 1966 , Taylor had been named director of IPTO ; in this capacity , he shepherded the ARPANET project until 1969 . Taylor had convinced ARPA director Charles M . Herzfeld to fund a network project earlier in February 1966 , and Herzfeld transferred a million dollars from a ballistic missile defense program to Taylors budget . Taylor hired Larry Roberts from MIT Lincoln Laboratory to be its first program manager . Roberts first resisted moving to Washington DC , until Herzfeld reminded the director of Lincoln Laboratory that ARPA dominated its funding . Licklider continued to provide guidance , and Wesley A . Clark suggested the use of a dedicated computer , called the Interface Message Processor at each node of the network instead of centralized control . At the 1967 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles , a member of Donald Davies team ( Roger Scantlebury ) presented their research on packet switching and suggested it for use in the ARPANET . ARPA issued a request for quotation ( RFQ ) to build the system , which was awarded to Bolt , Beranek and Newman ( BBN ) . ATT Bell Labs and IBM Research were invited to join , but were not interested . At a pivotal meeting in 1967 most participants resisted testing the new network ; they thought it would slow down their research . In 1968 , Licklider and Taylor published The Computer as a Communication Device . The article laid out the future of what the Internet would eventually become . It began with a prophetic statement : In a few years , men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face . Beginning in 1967 , Taylor was sent by ARPA to investigate inconsistent reports coming from the Vietnam War . Only 35 years old , he was given an identification card with the military rank equivalent to his civilian position ( brigadier general ) , thus ensuring protection under the Geneva convention if he were captured . Over the course of several trips to the area , he established a computer center at the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam base in Saigon . In his words : After that the White House got a single report rather than several . That pleased them ; whether the data was any more correct or not , I dont know , but at least it was more consistent . The Vietnam project took him away from directing research , and by 1969 I knew ARPANET would work . So I wanted to leave . The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency and ongoing tensions with Roberts ( who , despite maintaining a putatively cordial relationship with Taylor , resented his lack of research experience and appointment to the IPTO directorship ) also factored in his decision to leave ARPA . For about a year , he joined Sutherland and David C . Evans at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City , where he had funded a center for research on computer graphics while at ARPA . Unable to acclimate to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints-dominated milieu , Taylor moved to Palo Alto , California in 1970 to become associate manager of the Computer Science Laboratory ( CSL ) at Xerox Corporations new Palo Alto Research Center . Xerox . Although Taylor played an integral role in recruiting scientists for the laboratory from the ARPA network , physicist and Xerox PARC director George Pake felt that he was an unsuitable candidate to manage the group because he lacked a relevant doctorate and subsequent experience in academic research . While Taylor eschewed a Pake-proposed research program in computer graphics in favor of largely administering the day-to-day operations of the laboratory from its inception , he acquiesced to the appointment of BBN scientist and ARPA network acquaintance Jerome I . Elkind as titular CSL manager in 1971 . Technologies developed at PARC under Taylors aegis focused on reaching beyond ARPANET to develop what has become the Internet , and the systems that support todays personal computers . They included : - Powerful personal computers ( including the Xerox Alto and later D-machines ) with windowed displays and graphical user interfaces that inspired the Apple Lisa and Macintosh . The Computer Science Laboratory built the Alto , which was conceived by Butler Lampson and designed mostly by Charles P . Thacker , Edward M . McCreight , Bob Sproull and David Boggs . The Learning Research Group of PARCs Systems Science Laboratory ( led by Alan Kay ) added the software-based desktop metaphor . - Ethernet , which networks local computers within a building or campus ; and the first Internet , a network that connected the Ethernet to the ARPANET utilizing PUP ( PARC Universal Protocol ) , forerunner to TCP/IP . It was primarily designed by Robert Metcalfe , Boggs , Thacker and Lampson . - The electronics and software that led to the laser printer ( spearheaded by optical engineer Gary Starkweather , who transferred from Xeroxs Webster , New York laboratory to work with CSL ) and the Interpress page description language that allowed John Warnock and Chuck Geschke to found Adobe Systems . - What-you-see-is-what-you-get ( WYSIWYG ) word-processing programs , as exemplified by Bravo , which Charles Simonyi took to Microsoft to serve as the basis for Microsoft Word . - SuperPaint , a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup . The software was written in consultation with future Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith , who could not secure an appointment at PARC and was retained as an independent contractor . Although Shoup received a special Emmy Award ( shared with Xerox ) in 1983 and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award ( shared with Smith and Thomas Porter ) in 1998 for his achievement , program development continued to be marginalized by PARC , ultimately precipitating Shoups departure in 1979 . Belying his lack of programming and engineering experience , Taylor was noted for his strident advocacy of Licklider-inspired distributed personal computing and his ability to maintain collegial and productive relationships between what was widely perceived as the foremost array of the epochs leading computer scientists . This was exemplified by a weekly staff meeting at PARC ( colloquially known as Dealer after Edward O . Thorps Beat the Dealer ) in which staff members would lead a discussion about myriad topics . They would sit in a circle of beanbag chairs and open debate was encouraged . According to Kay , the meeting was part of the larger ARPA community to learn how to argue to illuminate rather than merely to win . .. . The main purposes of Dealer -- as invented and implemented by Bob Taylor -- were to deal with how to make things work and make progress without having a formal manager structure . The presentations and argumentation were a small part of a deal session ( they did quite bother visiting Xeroids ) . It was quite rare for anything like a personal attack to happen ( because people for the most part came into PARC having been blessed by everyone there -- another Taylor rule -- and already knowing how to argue reasonably ) . Throughout his tenure at PARC , Taylor frequently clashed with Elkind ( who held budgetary responsibility for new projects but found his managerial authority undercut by Taylors intimate relationships with the research staff ) and Pake ( who did not countenance Taylors outsized influence in the laboratory and deprecatory attitude toward Xeroxs physics research program , then directly overseen by Pake ) ; as a result , he was not officially invited to the companys Futures Day demo ( marking the public premiere of the Alto ) in Boca Raton , Florida in 1977 . However , after one of Elkinds extended absences ( stemming from his ongoing involvement in other corporate and government projects ) , Taylor became the manager of the laboratory in early 1978 . In 1983 , physicist and integrated circuit specialist William J . Spencer became director of PARC . Spencer and Taylor disagreed about budget allocations for CSL ( exemplified by the ongoing institutional divide between computer science and physics ) and CSLs frustration with Xeroxs inability to recognize and use what they had developed . By the end of the year , Taylor and most of the researchers at CSL left Xerox . A coterie of leading computer scientists ( including Licklider , Donald Knuth and Dana Scott ) expressed their displeasure with Xeroxs decision not to retain Taylor in a letter-writing campaign to CEO David Kearns . DEC SRC . Taylor was hired by Ken Olsen of Digital Equipment Corporation , and formed the Systems Research Center in Palo Alto . Many of the former CSL researchers came to work at SRC . Among the projects at SRC were the Modula-3 programming language ; the snoopy cache , used in the Firefly multiprocessor workstation ; the first multi-threaded Unix system ; the first User Interface editor ; the AltaVista search engine and a networked Window System . Retirement and death . Taylor retired from DEC in 1996 . Following his divorce ( coinciding with his departure from Xerox ) , he lived in a secluded house in Woodside , California . In 2000 , he voiced two concerns about the future of the Internet : control and access . In his words : There are many worse ways of endangering a larger number of people on the Internet than on the highway . Its possible for people to generate networks that reproduce themselves and are very difficult or impossible to kill off . I want everyone to have the right to use it , but theres got to be some way to insure responsibility.Will it be freely available to everyone ? If not , it will be a big disappointment . On April 13 , 2017 , he died at his home in Woodside , California . His son said he had suffered from Parkinsons disease and other health problems . Awards . In 1984 , Taylor , Butler Lampson , and Charles P . Thacker received the ACM Software Systems Award for conceiving and guiding the development of the Xerox Alto System demonstrating that a distributed personal computer system can provide a desirable and practical alternative to time-sharing . In 1994 , all three were named ACM Fellows in recognition of the same work . In 1999 , Taylor received a National Medal of Technology and Innovation . The citation read For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology , including computer networks , the personal computer and the graphical user interface . In 2004 , the National Academy of Engineering awarded him along with Lampson , Thacker and Alan Kay their highest award , the Draper Prize . The citation reads : for the vision , conception , and development of the first practical networked personal computers . In 2013 , the Computer History Museum named him a Museum Fellow , for his leadership in the development of computer networking , online information and communications systems , and modern personal computing .
|
[
"Martin Marietta"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert William Taylor ( February 10 , 1932 – April 13 , 2017 ) , known as Bob Taylor , was an American Internet pioneer , who led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer , and other related technologies . He was director of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office from 1965 through 1969 , founder and later manager of Xerox PARCs Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983 , and founder and manager of Digital Equipment Corporations Systems Research Center until 1996 .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": "Uniquely , Taylor had no formal academic training or research experience in computer science ; Severo Ornstein likened Taylor to a concert pianist without fingers , a perception reaffirmed by historian Leslie Berlin : Taylor could hear a faint melody in the distance , but he could not play it himself . He knew whether to move up or down the scale to approximate the sound , he could recognize when a note was wrong , but he needed someone else to make the music .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": " His awards include the National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the Draper Prize . Taylor was known for his high-level vision : The Internet is not about technology ; its about communication . The Internet connects people who have shared interests , ideas and needs , regardless of geography .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": "Robert W . Taylor was born in Dallas , Texas , in 1932 . His adoptive father , Rev . Raymond Taylor , was a Methodist minister who held degrees from Southern Methodist University , the University of Texas at Austin and Yale Divinity School . The family ( including Taylors adoptive mother , Audrey ) was highly itinerant during Taylors childhood , moving from parish to parish . Having skipped several grades as a result of his enrollment in an experimental school , he began his higher education at Southern Methodist University at the age of 16 in 1948",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "; while there , he was not a serious student but had a good time .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Taylor then served a stint in the United States Naval Reserve during the Korean War ( 1952–1954 ) at Naval Air Station Dallas before returning to his studies at the University of Texas at Austin under the GI Bill . At UT he was a professional student , taking courses for pleasure . In 1957 , he earned an undergraduate degree in experimental psychology from the institution with minors in mathematics , philosophy , English and religion .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "He subsequently earned a masters degree in psychology from Texas in 1959 before electing not to pursue a PhD in the field . Reflecting his background in experimental psychology and mathematics , he completed research in neuroscience , psychoacoustics and the auditory nervous system as a graduate student . According to Taylor , I had a teaching assistantship in the department , and they were urging me to get a PhD , but to get a PhD in psychology in those days , maybe still today , you have to qualify and take courses in abnormal psychology , social psychology",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ", clinical psychology , child psychology , none of which I was interested in . Those are all sort of in the softer regions of psychology . Theyre not very scientific , theyre not very rigorous . I was interested in physiological psychology , in psychoacoustics or the portion of psychology which deals with science , the nervous system , things that are more like applied physics and biology , really , than they are what normally people think of when they think of psychology . So I didnt want to waste time taking courses in those other areas and",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "so I said Im not going to get a PhD .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After leaving Texas , Taylor taught math and coached basketball for a year at Howey Academy , a co-ed prep school in Florida . I had a wonderful time but was very poor , with a second child — who turned out to be twins — on the way , he recalled . Taylor took engineering jobs with aircraft companies at better salaries . He helped to design the MGM-31 Pershing as a senior systems engineer for defense contractor Martin Marietta ( 1960–1961 ) in Orlando , Florida .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1962 , after submitting a research proposal for a flight control simulation display , he was invited to join NASAs Office of Advanced Research and Technology as a program manager assigned to the manned flight control and display division .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Taylor worked for NASA in Washington , D.C . while the Kennedy administration was backing research and development projects such as the Apollo program for a manned moon landing . In late 1962 Taylor met J . C . R . Licklider , who was heading the new Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) of the Advanced Research Project Agency ( ARPA ) of the United States Department of Defense . Like Taylor , Licklider had specialized in psychoacoustics during his graduate studies . In March 1960 , he published Man-Computer Symbiosis , an article that envisioned new ways",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "to use computers . This work was an influential roadmap in the history of the internet and the personal computer , and greatly influenced Taylor .",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "During this period , Taylor also became acquainted with Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park , California . He directed NASA funding to Engelbarts studies of computer-display technology at SRI that led to the computer mouse . The public demonstration of a mouse-based user interface was later called the Mother of All Demos . At the Fall 1968 Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco , Engelbart , Bill English , Jeff Rulifson and the rest of the Human Augmentation Research Center team at SRI showed on a big screen how he could manipulate a computer remotely",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "located in Menlo Park , while sitting on a San Francisco stage , using his mouse .",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 , Taylor moved from NASA to IPTO , first as a deputy to Ivan Sutherland ( who returned to academia shortly thereafter ) to fund large programs in advanced research in computing at major universities and corporate research centers throughout the United States . Among the computer projects that ARPA supported was time-sharing , in which many users could work at terminals to share a single large computer . Users could work interactively instead of using punched cards or punched tape in a batch processing style . Taylors office in the Pentagon had a terminal connected to time-sharing",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a terminal connected to the Berkeley Timesharing System at the University of California , Berkeley , and a third terminal to the System Development Corporation in Santa Monica , California . He noticed each system developed a community of users , but was isolated from the other communities .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Taylor hoped to build a computer network to connect the ARPA-sponsored projects together , if nothing else , to let him communicate to all of them through one terminal . By June 1966 , Taylor had been named director of IPTO ; in this capacity , he shepherded the ARPANET project until 1969 . Taylor had convinced ARPA director Charles M . Herzfeld to fund a network project earlier in February 1966 , and Herzfeld transferred a million dollars from a ballistic missile defense program to Taylors budget . Taylor hired Larry Roberts from MIT Lincoln Laboratory to be its",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "first program manager . Roberts first resisted moving to Washington DC , until Herzfeld reminded the director of Lincoln Laboratory that ARPA dominated its funding . Licklider continued to provide guidance , and Wesley A . Clark suggested the use of a dedicated computer , called the Interface Message Processor at each node of the network instead of centralized control . At the 1967 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles , a member of Donald Davies team ( Roger Scantlebury ) presented their research on packet switching and suggested it for use in the ARPANET . ARPA issued a request for",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "quotation ( RFQ ) to build the system , which was awarded to Bolt , Beranek and Newman ( BBN ) . ATT Bell Labs and IBM Research were invited to join , but were not interested . At a pivotal meeting in 1967 most participants resisted testing the new network ; they thought it would slow down their research .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " In 1968 , Licklider and Taylor published The Computer as a Communication Device . The article laid out the future of what the Internet would eventually become . It began with a prophetic statement : In a few years , men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1967 , Taylor was sent by ARPA to investigate inconsistent reports coming from the Vietnam War . Only 35 years old , he was given an identification card with the military rank equivalent to his civilian position ( brigadier general ) , thus ensuring protection under the Geneva convention if he were captured . Over the course of several trips to the area , he established a computer center at the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam base in Saigon . In his words : After that the White House got a single report rather than several . That",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "pleased them ; whether the data was any more correct or not , I dont know , but at least it was more consistent . The Vietnam project took him away from directing research , and by 1969 I knew ARPANET would work . So I wanted to leave .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency and ongoing tensions with Roberts ( who , despite maintaining a putatively cordial relationship with Taylor , resented his lack of research experience and appointment to the IPTO directorship ) also factored in his decision to leave ARPA . For about a year , he joined Sutherland and David C . Evans at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City , where he had funded a center for research on computer graphics while at ARPA .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Unable to acclimate to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints-dominated milieu , Taylor moved to Palo Alto , California in 1970 to become associate manager of the Computer Science Laboratory ( CSL ) at Xerox Corporations new Palo Alto Research Center .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " Although Taylor played an integral role in recruiting scientists for the laboratory from the ARPA network , physicist and Xerox PARC director George Pake felt that he was an unsuitable candidate to manage the group because he lacked a relevant doctorate and subsequent experience in academic research . While Taylor eschewed a Pake-proposed research program in computer graphics in favor of largely administering the day-to-day operations of the laboratory from its inception , he acquiesced to the appointment of BBN scientist and ARPA network acquaintance Jerome I . Elkind as titular CSL manager in 1971 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Technologies developed at PARC under Taylors aegis focused on reaching beyond ARPANET to develop what has become the Internet , and the systems that support todays personal computers . They included :",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " - Powerful personal computers ( including the Xerox Alto and later D-machines ) with windowed displays and graphical user interfaces that inspired the Apple Lisa and Macintosh . The Computer Science Laboratory built the Alto , which was conceived by Butler Lampson and designed mostly by Charles P . Thacker , Edward M . McCreight , Bob Sproull and David Boggs . The Learning Research Group of PARCs Systems Science Laboratory ( led by Alan Kay ) added the software-based desktop metaphor .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "- Ethernet , which networks local computers within a building or campus ; and the first Internet , a network that connected the Ethernet to the ARPANET utilizing PUP ( PARC Universal Protocol ) , forerunner to TCP/IP . It was primarily designed by Robert Metcalfe , Boggs , Thacker and Lampson .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " - The electronics and software that led to the laser printer ( spearheaded by optical engineer Gary Starkweather , who transferred from Xeroxs Webster , New York laboratory to work with CSL ) and the Interpress page description language that allowed John Warnock and Chuck Geschke to found Adobe Systems . - What-you-see-is-what-you-get ( WYSIWYG ) word-processing programs , as exemplified by Bravo , which Charles Simonyi took to Microsoft to serve as the basis for Microsoft Word .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "- SuperPaint , a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup . The software was written in consultation with future Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith , who could not secure an appointment at PARC and was retained as an independent contractor . Although Shoup received a special Emmy Award ( shared with Xerox ) in 1983 and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award ( shared with Smith and Thomas Porter ) in 1998 for his achievement , program development continued to be marginalized by PARC , ultimately precipitating Shoups departure in 1979 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Belying his lack of programming and engineering experience , Taylor was noted for his strident advocacy of Licklider-inspired distributed personal computing and his ability to maintain collegial and productive relationships between what was widely perceived as the foremost array of the epochs leading computer scientists . This was exemplified by a weekly staff meeting at PARC ( colloquially known as Dealer after Edward O . Thorps Beat the Dealer ) in which staff members would lead a discussion about myriad topics . They would sit in a circle of beanbag chairs and open debate was encouraged . According to Kay",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": ", the meeting was part of the larger ARPA community to learn how to argue to illuminate rather than merely to win . .. . The main purposes of Dealer -- as invented and implemented by Bob Taylor -- were to deal with how to make things work and make progress without having a formal manager structure . The presentations and argumentation were a small part of a deal session ( they did quite bother visiting Xeroids ) . It was quite rare for anything like a personal attack to happen ( because people for the most part came into",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "PARC having been blessed by everyone there -- another Taylor rule -- and already knowing how to argue reasonably ) .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Throughout his tenure at PARC , Taylor frequently clashed with Elkind ( who held budgetary responsibility for new projects but found his managerial authority undercut by Taylors intimate relationships with the research staff ) and Pake ( who did not countenance Taylors outsized influence in the laboratory and deprecatory attitude toward Xeroxs physics research program , then directly overseen by Pake ) ; as a result , he was not officially invited to the companys Futures Day demo ( marking the public premiere of the Alto ) in Boca Raton , Florida in 1977 . However , after one of",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Elkinds extended absences ( stemming from his ongoing involvement in other corporate and government projects ) , Taylor became the manager of the laboratory in early 1978 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "In 1983 , physicist and integrated circuit specialist William J . Spencer became director of PARC . Spencer and Taylor disagreed about budget allocations for CSL ( exemplified by the ongoing institutional divide between computer science and physics ) and CSLs frustration with Xeroxs inability to recognize and use what they had developed . By the end of the year , Taylor and most of the researchers at CSL left Xerox . A coterie of leading computer scientists ( including Licklider , Donald Knuth and Dana Scott ) expressed their displeasure with Xeroxs decision not to retain Taylor in a",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "letter-writing campaign to CEO David Kearns .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " Taylor was hired by Ken Olsen of Digital Equipment Corporation , and formed the Systems Research Center in Palo Alto . Many of the former CSL researchers came to work at SRC . Among the projects at SRC were the Modula-3 programming language ; the snoopy cache , used in the Firefly multiprocessor workstation ; the first multi-threaded Unix system ; the first User Interface editor ; the AltaVista search engine and a networked Window System .",
"title": "DEC SRC"
},
{
"text": " Taylor retired from DEC in 1996 . Following his divorce ( coinciding with his departure from Xerox ) , he lived in a secluded house in Woodside , California . In 2000 , he voiced two concerns about the future of the Internet : control and access . In his words :",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": "There are many worse ways of endangering a larger number of people on the Internet than on the highway . Its possible for people to generate networks that reproduce themselves and are very difficult or impossible to kill off . I want everyone to have the right to use it , but theres got to be some way to insure responsibility.Will it be freely available to everyone ? If not , it will be a big disappointment .",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": " On April 13 , 2017 , he died at his home in Woodside , California . His son said he had suffered from Parkinsons disease and other health problems .",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": "In 1984 , Taylor , Butler Lampson , and Charles P . Thacker received the ACM Software Systems Award for conceiving and guiding the development of the Xerox Alto System demonstrating that a distributed personal computer system can provide a desirable and practical alternative to time-sharing . In 1994 , all three were named ACM Fellows in recognition of the same work . In 1999 , Taylor received a National Medal of Technology and Innovation . The citation read For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology , including computer networks , the personal computer and the graphical",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "user interface .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 , the National Academy of Engineering awarded him along with Lampson , Thacker and Alan Kay their highest award , the Draper Prize . The citation reads : for the vision , conception , and development of the first practical networked personal computers . In 2013 , the Computer History Museum named him a Museum Fellow , for his leadership in the development of computer networking , online information and communications systems , and modern personal computing .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(computer_scientist)#P108#1
|
Which employer did Robert Taylor (computer scientist) work for in Jan 1962?
|
Robert Taylor ( computer scientist ) Robert William Taylor ( February 10 , 1932 – April 13 , 2017 ) , known as Bob Taylor , was an American Internet pioneer , who led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer , and other related technologies . He was director of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office from 1965 through 1969 , founder and later manager of Xerox PARCs Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983 , and founder and manager of Digital Equipment Corporations Systems Research Center until 1996 . Uniquely , Taylor had no formal academic training or research experience in computer science ; Severo Ornstein likened Taylor to a concert pianist without fingers , a perception reaffirmed by historian Leslie Berlin : Taylor could hear a faint melody in the distance , but he could not play it himself . He knew whether to move up or down the scale to approximate the sound , he could recognize when a note was wrong , but he needed someone else to make the music . His awards include the National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the Draper Prize . Taylor was known for his high-level vision : The Internet is not about technology ; its about communication . The Internet connects people who have shared interests , ideas and needs , regardless of geography . Early life . Robert W . Taylor was born in Dallas , Texas , in 1932 . His adoptive father , Rev . Raymond Taylor , was a Methodist minister who held degrees from Southern Methodist University , the University of Texas at Austin and Yale Divinity School . The family ( including Taylors adoptive mother , Audrey ) was highly itinerant during Taylors childhood , moving from parish to parish . Having skipped several grades as a result of his enrollment in an experimental school , he began his higher education at Southern Methodist University at the age of 16 in 1948 ; while there , he was not a serious student but had a good time . Taylor then served a stint in the United States Naval Reserve during the Korean War ( 1952–1954 ) at Naval Air Station Dallas before returning to his studies at the University of Texas at Austin under the GI Bill . At UT he was a professional student , taking courses for pleasure . In 1957 , he earned an undergraduate degree in experimental psychology from the institution with minors in mathematics , philosophy , English and religion . He subsequently earned a masters degree in psychology from Texas in 1959 before electing not to pursue a PhD in the field . Reflecting his background in experimental psychology and mathematics , he completed research in neuroscience , psychoacoustics and the auditory nervous system as a graduate student . According to Taylor , I had a teaching assistantship in the department , and they were urging me to get a PhD , but to get a PhD in psychology in those days , maybe still today , you have to qualify and take courses in abnormal psychology , social psychology , clinical psychology , child psychology , none of which I was interested in . Those are all sort of in the softer regions of psychology . Theyre not very scientific , theyre not very rigorous . I was interested in physiological psychology , in psychoacoustics or the portion of psychology which deals with science , the nervous system , things that are more like applied physics and biology , really , than they are what normally people think of when they think of psychology . So I didnt want to waste time taking courses in those other areas and so I said Im not going to get a PhD . After leaving Texas , Taylor taught math and coached basketball for a year at Howey Academy , a co-ed prep school in Florida . I had a wonderful time but was very poor , with a second child — who turned out to be twins — on the way , he recalled . Taylor took engineering jobs with aircraft companies at better salaries . He helped to design the MGM-31 Pershing as a senior systems engineer for defense contractor Martin Marietta ( 1960–1961 ) in Orlando , Florida . In 1962 , after submitting a research proposal for a flight control simulation display , he was invited to join NASAs Office of Advanced Research and Technology as a program manager assigned to the manned flight control and display division . Computer career . Taylor worked for NASA in Washington , D.C . while the Kennedy administration was backing research and development projects such as the Apollo program for a manned moon landing . In late 1962 Taylor met J . C . R . Licklider , who was heading the new Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) of the Advanced Research Project Agency ( ARPA ) of the United States Department of Defense . Like Taylor , Licklider had specialized in psychoacoustics during his graduate studies . In March 1960 , he published Man-Computer Symbiosis , an article that envisioned new ways to use computers . This work was an influential roadmap in the history of the internet and the personal computer , and greatly influenced Taylor . During this period , Taylor also became acquainted with Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park , California . He directed NASA funding to Engelbarts studies of computer-display technology at SRI that led to the computer mouse . The public demonstration of a mouse-based user interface was later called the Mother of All Demos . At the Fall 1968 Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco , Engelbart , Bill English , Jeff Rulifson and the rest of the Human Augmentation Research Center team at SRI showed on a big screen how he could manipulate a computer remotely located in Menlo Park , while sitting on a San Francisco stage , using his mouse . ARPA . In 1965 , Taylor moved from NASA to IPTO , first as a deputy to Ivan Sutherland ( who returned to academia shortly thereafter ) to fund large programs in advanced research in computing at major universities and corporate research centers throughout the United States . Among the computer projects that ARPA supported was time-sharing , in which many users could work at terminals to share a single large computer . Users could work interactively instead of using punched cards or punched tape in a batch processing style . Taylors office in the Pentagon had a terminal connected to time-sharing at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a terminal connected to the Berkeley Timesharing System at the University of California , Berkeley , and a third terminal to the System Development Corporation in Santa Monica , California . He noticed each system developed a community of users , but was isolated from the other communities . Taylor hoped to build a computer network to connect the ARPA-sponsored projects together , if nothing else , to let him communicate to all of them through one terminal . By June 1966 , Taylor had been named director of IPTO ; in this capacity , he shepherded the ARPANET project until 1969 . Taylor had convinced ARPA director Charles M . Herzfeld to fund a network project earlier in February 1966 , and Herzfeld transferred a million dollars from a ballistic missile defense program to Taylors budget . Taylor hired Larry Roberts from MIT Lincoln Laboratory to be its first program manager . Roberts first resisted moving to Washington DC , until Herzfeld reminded the director of Lincoln Laboratory that ARPA dominated its funding . Licklider continued to provide guidance , and Wesley A . Clark suggested the use of a dedicated computer , called the Interface Message Processor at each node of the network instead of centralized control . At the 1967 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles , a member of Donald Davies team ( Roger Scantlebury ) presented their research on packet switching and suggested it for use in the ARPANET . ARPA issued a request for quotation ( RFQ ) to build the system , which was awarded to Bolt , Beranek and Newman ( BBN ) . ATT Bell Labs and IBM Research were invited to join , but were not interested . At a pivotal meeting in 1967 most participants resisted testing the new network ; they thought it would slow down their research . In 1968 , Licklider and Taylor published The Computer as a Communication Device . The article laid out the future of what the Internet would eventually become . It began with a prophetic statement : In a few years , men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face . Beginning in 1967 , Taylor was sent by ARPA to investigate inconsistent reports coming from the Vietnam War . Only 35 years old , he was given an identification card with the military rank equivalent to his civilian position ( brigadier general ) , thus ensuring protection under the Geneva convention if he were captured . Over the course of several trips to the area , he established a computer center at the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam base in Saigon . In his words : After that the White House got a single report rather than several . That pleased them ; whether the data was any more correct or not , I dont know , but at least it was more consistent . The Vietnam project took him away from directing research , and by 1969 I knew ARPANET would work . So I wanted to leave . The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency and ongoing tensions with Roberts ( who , despite maintaining a putatively cordial relationship with Taylor , resented his lack of research experience and appointment to the IPTO directorship ) also factored in his decision to leave ARPA . For about a year , he joined Sutherland and David C . Evans at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City , where he had funded a center for research on computer graphics while at ARPA . Unable to acclimate to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints-dominated milieu , Taylor moved to Palo Alto , California in 1970 to become associate manager of the Computer Science Laboratory ( CSL ) at Xerox Corporations new Palo Alto Research Center . Xerox . Although Taylor played an integral role in recruiting scientists for the laboratory from the ARPA network , physicist and Xerox PARC director George Pake felt that he was an unsuitable candidate to manage the group because he lacked a relevant doctorate and subsequent experience in academic research . While Taylor eschewed a Pake-proposed research program in computer graphics in favor of largely administering the day-to-day operations of the laboratory from its inception , he acquiesced to the appointment of BBN scientist and ARPA network acquaintance Jerome I . Elkind as titular CSL manager in 1971 . Technologies developed at PARC under Taylors aegis focused on reaching beyond ARPANET to develop what has become the Internet , and the systems that support todays personal computers . They included : - Powerful personal computers ( including the Xerox Alto and later D-machines ) with windowed displays and graphical user interfaces that inspired the Apple Lisa and Macintosh . The Computer Science Laboratory built the Alto , which was conceived by Butler Lampson and designed mostly by Charles P . Thacker , Edward M . McCreight , Bob Sproull and David Boggs . The Learning Research Group of PARCs Systems Science Laboratory ( led by Alan Kay ) added the software-based desktop metaphor . - Ethernet , which networks local computers within a building or campus ; and the first Internet , a network that connected the Ethernet to the ARPANET utilizing PUP ( PARC Universal Protocol ) , forerunner to TCP/IP . It was primarily designed by Robert Metcalfe , Boggs , Thacker and Lampson . - The electronics and software that led to the laser printer ( spearheaded by optical engineer Gary Starkweather , who transferred from Xeroxs Webster , New York laboratory to work with CSL ) and the Interpress page description language that allowed John Warnock and Chuck Geschke to found Adobe Systems . - What-you-see-is-what-you-get ( WYSIWYG ) word-processing programs , as exemplified by Bravo , which Charles Simonyi took to Microsoft to serve as the basis for Microsoft Word . - SuperPaint , a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup . The software was written in consultation with future Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith , who could not secure an appointment at PARC and was retained as an independent contractor . Although Shoup received a special Emmy Award ( shared with Xerox ) in 1983 and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award ( shared with Smith and Thomas Porter ) in 1998 for his achievement , program development continued to be marginalized by PARC , ultimately precipitating Shoups departure in 1979 . Belying his lack of programming and engineering experience , Taylor was noted for his strident advocacy of Licklider-inspired distributed personal computing and his ability to maintain collegial and productive relationships between what was widely perceived as the foremost array of the epochs leading computer scientists . This was exemplified by a weekly staff meeting at PARC ( colloquially known as Dealer after Edward O . Thorps Beat the Dealer ) in which staff members would lead a discussion about myriad topics . They would sit in a circle of beanbag chairs and open debate was encouraged . According to Kay , the meeting was part of the larger ARPA community to learn how to argue to illuminate rather than merely to win . .. . The main purposes of Dealer -- as invented and implemented by Bob Taylor -- were to deal with how to make things work and make progress without having a formal manager structure . The presentations and argumentation were a small part of a deal session ( they did quite bother visiting Xeroids ) . It was quite rare for anything like a personal attack to happen ( because people for the most part came into PARC having been blessed by everyone there -- another Taylor rule -- and already knowing how to argue reasonably ) . Throughout his tenure at PARC , Taylor frequently clashed with Elkind ( who held budgetary responsibility for new projects but found his managerial authority undercut by Taylors intimate relationships with the research staff ) and Pake ( who did not countenance Taylors outsized influence in the laboratory and deprecatory attitude toward Xeroxs physics research program , then directly overseen by Pake ) ; as a result , he was not officially invited to the companys Futures Day demo ( marking the public premiere of the Alto ) in Boca Raton , Florida in 1977 . However , after one of Elkinds extended absences ( stemming from his ongoing involvement in other corporate and government projects ) , Taylor became the manager of the laboratory in early 1978 . In 1983 , physicist and integrated circuit specialist William J . Spencer became director of PARC . Spencer and Taylor disagreed about budget allocations for CSL ( exemplified by the ongoing institutional divide between computer science and physics ) and CSLs frustration with Xeroxs inability to recognize and use what they had developed . By the end of the year , Taylor and most of the researchers at CSL left Xerox . A coterie of leading computer scientists ( including Licklider , Donald Knuth and Dana Scott ) expressed their displeasure with Xeroxs decision not to retain Taylor in a letter-writing campaign to CEO David Kearns . DEC SRC . Taylor was hired by Ken Olsen of Digital Equipment Corporation , and formed the Systems Research Center in Palo Alto . Many of the former CSL researchers came to work at SRC . Among the projects at SRC were the Modula-3 programming language ; the snoopy cache , used in the Firefly multiprocessor workstation ; the first multi-threaded Unix system ; the first User Interface editor ; the AltaVista search engine and a networked Window System . Retirement and death . Taylor retired from DEC in 1996 . Following his divorce ( coinciding with his departure from Xerox ) , he lived in a secluded house in Woodside , California . In 2000 , he voiced two concerns about the future of the Internet : control and access . In his words : There are many worse ways of endangering a larger number of people on the Internet than on the highway . Its possible for people to generate networks that reproduce themselves and are very difficult or impossible to kill off . I want everyone to have the right to use it , but theres got to be some way to insure responsibility.Will it be freely available to everyone ? If not , it will be a big disappointment . On April 13 , 2017 , he died at his home in Woodside , California . His son said he had suffered from Parkinsons disease and other health problems . Awards . In 1984 , Taylor , Butler Lampson , and Charles P . Thacker received the ACM Software Systems Award for conceiving and guiding the development of the Xerox Alto System demonstrating that a distributed personal computer system can provide a desirable and practical alternative to time-sharing . In 1994 , all three were named ACM Fellows in recognition of the same work . In 1999 , Taylor received a National Medal of Technology and Innovation . The citation read For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology , including computer networks , the personal computer and the graphical user interface . In 2004 , the National Academy of Engineering awarded him along with Lampson , Thacker and Alan Kay their highest award , the Draper Prize . The citation reads : for the vision , conception , and development of the first practical networked personal computers . In 2013 , the Computer History Museum named him a Museum Fellow , for his leadership in the development of computer networking , online information and communications systems , and modern personal computing .
|
[
"NASA"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert William Taylor ( February 10 , 1932 – April 13 , 2017 ) , known as Bob Taylor , was an American Internet pioneer , who led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer , and other related technologies . He was director of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office from 1965 through 1969 , founder and later manager of Xerox PARCs Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983 , and founder and manager of Digital Equipment Corporations Systems Research Center until 1996 .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": "Uniquely , Taylor had no formal academic training or research experience in computer science ; Severo Ornstein likened Taylor to a concert pianist without fingers , a perception reaffirmed by historian Leslie Berlin : Taylor could hear a faint melody in the distance , but he could not play it himself . He knew whether to move up or down the scale to approximate the sound , he could recognize when a note was wrong , but he needed someone else to make the music .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": " His awards include the National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the Draper Prize . Taylor was known for his high-level vision : The Internet is not about technology ; its about communication . The Internet connects people who have shared interests , ideas and needs , regardless of geography .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": "Robert W . Taylor was born in Dallas , Texas , in 1932 . His adoptive father , Rev . Raymond Taylor , was a Methodist minister who held degrees from Southern Methodist University , the University of Texas at Austin and Yale Divinity School . The family ( including Taylors adoptive mother , Audrey ) was highly itinerant during Taylors childhood , moving from parish to parish . Having skipped several grades as a result of his enrollment in an experimental school , he began his higher education at Southern Methodist University at the age of 16 in 1948",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "; while there , he was not a serious student but had a good time .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Taylor then served a stint in the United States Naval Reserve during the Korean War ( 1952–1954 ) at Naval Air Station Dallas before returning to his studies at the University of Texas at Austin under the GI Bill . At UT he was a professional student , taking courses for pleasure . In 1957 , he earned an undergraduate degree in experimental psychology from the institution with minors in mathematics , philosophy , English and religion .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "He subsequently earned a masters degree in psychology from Texas in 1959 before electing not to pursue a PhD in the field . Reflecting his background in experimental psychology and mathematics , he completed research in neuroscience , psychoacoustics and the auditory nervous system as a graduate student . According to Taylor , I had a teaching assistantship in the department , and they were urging me to get a PhD , but to get a PhD in psychology in those days , maybe still today , you have to qualify and take courses in abnormal psychology , social psychology",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ", clinical psychology , child psychology , none of which I was interested in . Those are all sort of in the softer regions of psychology . Theyre not very scientific , theyre not very rigorous . I was interested in physiological psychology , in psychoacoustics or the portion of psychology which deals with science , the nervous system , things that are more like applied physics and biology , really , than they are what normally people think of when they think of psychology . So I didnt want to waste time taking courses in those other areas and",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "so I said Im not going to get a PhD .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After leaving Texas , Taylor taught math and coached basketball for a year at Howey Academy , a co-ed prep school in Florida . I had a wonderful time but was very poor , with a second child — who turned out to be twins — on the way , he recalled . Taylor took engineering jobs with aircraft companies at better salaries . He helped to design the MGM-31 Pershing as a senior systems engineer for defense contractor Martin Marietta ( 1960–1961 ) in Orlando , Florida .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1962 , after submitting a research proposal for a flight control simulation display , he was invited to join NASAs Office of Advanced Research and Technology as a program manager assigned to the manned flight control and display division .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Taylor worked for NASA in Washington , D.C . while the Kennedy administration was backing research and development projects such as the Apollo program for a manned moon landing . In late 1962 Taylor met J . C . R . Licklider , who was heading the new Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) of the Advanced Research Project Agency ( ARPA ) of the United States Department of Defense . Like Taylor , Licklider had specialized in psychoacoustics during his graduate studies . In March 1960 , he published Man-Computer Symbiosis , an article that envisioned new ways",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "to use computers . This work was an influential roadmap in the history of the internet and the personal computer , and greatly influenced Taylor .",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "During this period , Taylor also became acquainted with Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park , California . He directed NASA funding to Engelbarts studies of computer-display technology at SRI that led to the computer mouse . The public demonstration of a mouse-based user interface was later called the Mother of All Demos . At the Fall 1968 Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco , Engelbart , Bill English , Jeff Rulifson and the rest of the Human Augmentation Research Center team at SRI showed on a big screen how he could manipulate a computer remotely",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "located in Menlo Park , while sitting on a San Francisco stage , using his mouse .",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 , Taylor moved from NASA to IPTO , first as a deputy to Ivan Sutherland ( who returned to academia shortly thereafter ) to fund large programs in advanced research in computing at major universities and corporate research centers throughout the United States . Among the computer projects that ARPA supported was time-sharing , in which many users could work at terminals to share a single large computer . Users could work interactively instead of using punched cards or punched tape in a batch processing style . Taylors office in the Pentagon had a terminal connected to time-sharing",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a terminal connected to the Berkeley Timesharing System at the University of California , Berkeley , and a third terminal to the System Development Corporation in Santa Monica , California . He noticed each system developed a community of users , but was isolated from the other communities .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Taylor hoped to build a computer network to connect the ARPA-sponsored projects together , if nothing else , to let him communicate to all of them through one terminal . By June 1966 , Taylor had been named director of IPTO ; in this capacity , he shepherded the ARPANET project until 1969 . Taylor had convinced ARPA director Charles M . Herzfeld to fund a network project earlier in February 1966 , and Herzfeld transferred a million dollars from a ballistic missile defense program to Taylors budget . Taylor hired Larry Roberts from MIT Lincoln Laboratory to be its",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "first program manager . Roberts first resisted moving to Washington DC , until Herzfeld reminded the director of Lincoln Laboratory that ARPA dominated its funding . Licklider continued to provide guidance , and Wesley A . Clark suggested the use of a dedicated computer , called the Interface Message Processor at each node of the network instead of centralized control . At the 1967 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles , a member of Donald Davies team ( Roger Scantlebury ) presented their research on packet switching and suggested it for use in the ARPANET . ARPA issued a request for",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "quotation ( RFQ ) to build the system , which was awarded to Bolt , Beranek and Newman ( BBN ) . ATT Bell Labs and IBM Research were invited to join , but were not interested . At a pivotal meeting in 1967 most participants resisted testing the new network ; they thought it would slow down their research .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " In 1968 , Licklider and Taylor published The Computer as a Communication Device . The article laid out the future of what the Internet would eventually become . It began with a prophetic statement : In a few years , men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1967 , Taylor was sent by ARPA to investigate inconsistent reports coming from the Vietnam War . Only 35 years old , he was given an identification card with the military rank equivalent to his civilian position ( brigadier general ) , thus ensuring protection under the Geneva convention if he were captured . Over the course of several trips to the area , he established a computer center at the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam base in Saigon . In his words : After that the White House got a single report rather than several . That",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "pleased them ; whether the data was any more correct or not , I dont know , but at least it was more consistent . The Vietnam project took him away from directing research , and by 1969 I knew ARPANET would work . So I wanted to leave .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency and ongoing tensions with Roberts ( who , despite maintaining a putatively cordial relationship with Taylor , resented his lack of research experience and appointment to the IPTO directorship ) also factored in his decision to leave ARPA . For about a year , he joined Sutherland and David C . Evans at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City , where he had funded a center for research on computer graphics while at ARPA .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Unable to acclimate to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints-dominated milieu , Taylor moved to Palo Alto , California in 1970 to become associate manager of the Computer Science Laboratory ( CSL ) at Xerox Corporations new Palo Alto Research Center .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " Although Taylor played an integral role in recruiting scientists for the laboratory from the ARPA network , physicist and Xerox PARC director George Pake felt that he was an unsuitable candidate to manage the group because he lacked a relevant doctorate and subsequent experience in academic research . While Taylor eschewed a Pake-proposed research program in computer graphics in favor of largely administering the day-to-day operations of the laboratory from its inception , he acquiesced to the appointment of BBN scientist and ARPA network acquaintance Jerome I . Elkind as titular CSL manager in 1971 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Technologies developed at PARC under Taylors aegis focused on reaching beyond ARPANET to develop what has become the Internet , and the systems that support todays personal computers . They included :",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " - Powerful personal computers ( including the Xerox Alto and later D-machines ) with windowed displays and graphical user interfaces that inspired the Apple Lisa and Macintosh . The Computer Science Laboratory built the Alto , which was conceived by Butler Lampson and designed mostly by Charles P . Thacker , Edward M . McCreight , Bob Sproull and David Boggs . The Learning Research Group of PARCs Systems Science Laboratory ( led by Alan Kay ) added the software-based desktop metaphor .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "- Ethernet , which networks local computers within a building or campus ; and the first Internet , a network that connected the Ethernet to the ARPANET utilizing PUP ( PARC Universal Protocol ) , forerunner to TCP/IP . It was primarily designed by Robert Metcalfe , Boggs , Thacker and Lampson .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " - The electronics and software that led to the laser printer ( spearheaded by optical engineer Gary Starkweather , who transferred from Xeroxs Webster , New York laboratory to work with CSL ) and the Interpress page description language that allowed John Warnock and Chuck Geschke to found Adobe Systems . - What-you-see-is-what-you-get ( WYSIWYG ) word-processing programs , as exemplified by Bravo , which Charles Simonyi took to Microsoft to serve as the basis for Microsoft Word .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "- SuperPaint , a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup . The software was written in consultation with future Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith , who could not secure an appointment at PARC and was retained as an independent contractor . Although Shoup received a special Emmy Award ( shared with Xerox ) in 1983 and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award ( shared with Smith and Thomas Porter ) in 1998 for his achievement , program development continued to be marginalized by PARC , ultimately precipitating Shoups departure in 1979 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Belying his lack of programming and engineering experience , Taylor was noted for his strident advocacy of Licklider-inspired distributed personal computing and his ability to maintain collegial and productive relationships between what was widely perceived as the foremost array of the epochs leading computer scientists . This was exemplified by a weekly staff meeting at PARC ( colloquially known as Dealer after Edward O . Thorps Beat the Dealer ) in which staff members would lead a discussion about myriad topics . They would sit in a circle of beanbag chairs and open debate was encouraged . According to Kay",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": ", the meeting was part of the larger ARPA community to learn how to argue to illuminate rather than merely to win . .. . The main purposes of Dealer -- as invented and implemented by Bob Taylor -- were to deal with how to make things work and make progress without having a formal manager structure . The presentations and argumentation were a small part of a deal session ( they did quite bother visiting Xeroids ) . It was quite rare for anything like a personal attack to happen ( because people for the most part came into",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "PARC having been blessed by everyone there -- another Taylor rule -- and already knowing how to argue reasonably ) .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Throughout his tenure at PARC , Taylor frequently clashed with Elkind ( who held budgetary responsibility for new projects but found his managerial authority undercut by Taylors intimate relationships with the research staff ) and Pake ( who did not countenance Taylors outsized influence in the laboratory and deprecatory attitude toward Xeroxs physics research program , then directly overseen by Pake ) ; as a result , he was not officially invited to the companys Futures Day demo ( marking the public premiere of the Alto ) in Boca Raton , Florida in 1977 . However , after one of",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Elkinds extended absences ( stemming from his ongoing involvement in other corporate and government projects ) , Taylor became the manager of the laboratory in early 1978 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "In 1983 , physicist and integrated circuit specialist William J . Spencer became director of PARC . Spencer and Taylor disagreed about budget allocations for CSL ( exemplified by the ongoing institutional divide between computer science and physics ) and CSLs frustration with Xeroxs inability to recognize and use what they had developed . By the end of the year , Taylor and most of the researchers at CSL left Xerox . A coterie of leading computer scientists ( including Licklider , Donald Knuth and Dana Scott ) expressed their displeasure with Xeroxs decision not to retain Taylor in a",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "letter-writing campaign to CEO David Kearns .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " Taylor was hired by Ken Olsen of Digital Equipment Corporation , and formed the Systems Research Center in Palo Alto . Many of the former CSL researchers came to work at SRC . Among the projects at SRC were the Modula-3 programming language ; the snoopy cache , used in the Firefly multiprocessor workstation ; the first multi-threaded Unix system ; the first User Interface editor ; the AltaVista search engine and a networked Window System .",
"title": "DEC SRC"
},
{
"text": " Taylor retired from DEC in 1996 . Following his divorce ( coinciding with his departure from Xerox ) , he lived in a secluded house in Woodside , California . In 2000 , he voiced two concerns about the future of the Internet : control and access . In his words :",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": "There are many worse ways of endangering a larger number of people on the Internet than on the highway . Its possible for people to generate networks that reproduce themselves and are very difficult or impossible to kill off . I want everyone to have the right to use it , but theres got to be some way to insure responsibility.Will it be freely available to everyone ? If not , it will be a big disappointment .",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": " On April 13 , 2017 , he died at his home in Woodside , California . His son said he had suffered from Parkinsons disease and other health problems .",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": "In 1984 , Taylor , Butler Lampson , and Charles P . Thacker received the ACM Software Systems Award for conceiving and guiding the development of the Xerox Alto System demonstrating that a distributed personal computer system can provide a desirable and practical alternative to time-sharing . In 1994 , all three were named ACM Fellows in recognition of the same work . In 1999 , Taylor received a National Medal of Technology and Innovation . The citation read For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology , including computer networks , the personal computer and the graphical",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "user interface .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 , the National Academy of Engineering awarded him along with Lampson , Thacker and Alan Kay their highest award , the Draper Prize . The citation reads : for the vision , conception , and development of the first practical networked personal computers . In 2013 , the Computer History Museum named him a Museum Fellow , for his leadership in the development of computer networking , online information and communications systems , and modern personal computing .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(computer_scientist)#P108#2
|
Which employer did Robert Taylor (computer scientist) work for between May 1968 and Jul 1968?
|
Robert Taylor ( computer scientist ) Robert William Taylor ( February 10 , 1932 – April 13 , 2017 ) , known as Bob Taylor , was an American Internet pioneer , who led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer , and other related technologies . He was director of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office from 1965 through 1969 , founder and later manager of Xerox PARCs Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983 , and founder and manager of Digital Equipment Corporations Systems Research Center until 1996 . Uniquely , Taylor had no formal academic training or research experience in computer science ; Severo Ornstein likened Taylor to a concert pianist without fingers , a perception reaffirmed by historian Leslie Berlin : Taylor could hear a faint melody in the distance , but he could not play it himself . He knew whether to move up or down the scale to approximate the sound , he could recognize when a note was wrong , but he needed someone else to make the music . His awards include the National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the Draper Prize . Taylor was known for his high-level vision : The Internet is not about technology ; its about communication . The Internet connects people who have shared interests , ideas and needs , regardless of geography . Early life . Robert W . Taylor was born in Dallas , Texas , in 1932 . His adoptive father , Rev . Raymond Taylor , was a Methodist minister who held degrees from Southern Methodist University , the University of Texas at Austin and Yale Divinity School . The family ( including Taylors adoptive mother , Audrey ) was highly itinerant during Taylors childhood , moving from parish to parish . Having skipped several grades as a result of his enrollment in an experimental school , he began his higher education at Southern Methodist University at the age of 16 in 1948 ; while there , he was not a serious student but had a good time . Taylor then served a stint in the United States Naval Reserve during the Korean War ( 1952–1954 ) at Naval Air Station Dallas before returning to his studies at the University of Texas at Austin under the GI Bill . At UT he was a professional student , taking courses for pleasure . In 1957 , he earned an undergraduate degree in experimental psychology from the institution with minors in mathematics , philosophy , English and religion . He subsequently earned a masters degree in psychology from Texas in 1959 before electing not to pursue a PhD in the field . Reflecting his background in experimental psychology and mathematics , he completed research in neuroscience , psychoacoustics and the auditory nervous system as a graduate student . According to Taylor , I had a teaching assistantship in the department , and they were urging me to get a PhD , but to get a PhD in psychology in those days , maybe still today , you have to qualify and take courses in abnormal psychology , social psychology , clinical psychology , child psychology , none of which I was interested in . Those are all sort of in the softer regions of psychology . Theyre not very scientific , theyre not very rigorous . I was interested in physiological psychology , in psychoacoustics or the portion of psychology which deals with science , the nervous system , things that are more like applied physics and biology , really , than they are what normally people think of when they think of psychology . So I didnt want to waste time taking courses in those other areas and so I said Im not going to get a PhD . After leaving Texas , Taylor taught math and coached basketball for a year at Howey Academy , a co-ed prep school in Florida . I had a wonderful time but was very poor , with a second child — who turned out to be twins — on the way , he recalled . Taylor took engineering jobs with aircraft companies at better salaries . He helped to design the MGM-31 Pershing as a senior systems engineer for defense contractor Martin Marietta ( 1960–1961 ) in Orlando , Florida . In 1962 , after submitting a research proposal for a flight control simulation display , he was invited to join NASAs Office of Advanced Research and Technology as a program manager assigned to the manned flight control and display division . Computer career . Taylor worked for NASA in Washington , D.C . while the Kennedy administration was backing research and development projects such as the Apollo program for a manned moon landing . In late 1962 Taylor met J . C . R . Licklider , who was heading the new Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) of the Advanced Research Project Agency ( ARPA ) of the United States Department of Defense . Like Taylor , Licklider had specialized in psychoacoustics during his graduate studies . In March 1960 , he published Man-Computer Symbiosis , an article that envisioned new ways to use computers . This work was an influential roadmap in the history of the internet and the personal computer , and greatly influenced Taylor . During this period , Taylor also became acquainted with Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park , California . He directed NASA funding to Engelbarts studies of computer-display technology at SRI that led to the computer mouse . The public demonstration of a mouse-based user interface was later called the Mother of All Demos . At the Fall 1968 Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco , Engelbart , Bill English , Jeff Rulifson and the rest of the Human Augmentation Research Center team at SRI showed on a big screen how he could manipulate a computer remotely located in Menlo Park , while sitting on a San Francisco stage , using his mouse . ARPA . In 1965 , Taylor moved from NASA to IPTO , first as a deputy to Ivan Sutherland ( who returned to academia shortly thereafter ) to fund large programs in advanced research in computing at major universities and corporate research centers throughout the United States . Among the computer projects that ARPA supported was time-sharing , in which many users could work at terminals to share a single large computer . Users could work interactively instead of using punched cards or punched tape in a batch processing style . Taylors office in the Pentagon had a terminal connected to time-sharing at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a terminal connected to the Berkeley Timesharing System at the University of California , Berkeley , and a third terminal to the System Development Corporation in Santa Monica , California . He noticed each system developed a community of users , but was isolated from the other communities . Taylor hoped to build a computer network to connect the ARPA-sponsored projects together , if nothing else , to let him communicate to all of them through one terminal . By June 1966 , Taylor had been named director of IPTO ; in this capacity , he shepherded the ARPANET project until 1969 . Taylor had convinced ARPA director Charles M . Herzfeld to fund a network project earlier in February 1966 , and Herzfeld transferred a million dollars from a ballistic missile defense program to Taylors budget . Taylor hired Larry Roberts from MIT Lincoln Laboratory to be its first program manager . Roberts first resisted moving to Washington DC , until Herzfeld reminded the director of Lincoln Laboratory that ARPA dominated its funding . Licklider continued to provide guidance , and Wesley A . Clark suggested the use of a dedicated computer , called the Interface Message Processor at each node of the network instead of centralized control . At the 1967 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles , a member of Donald Davies team ( Roger Scantlebury ) presented their research on packet switching and suggested it for use in the ARPANET . ARPA issued a request for quotation ( RFQ ) to build the system , which was awarded to Bolt , Beranek and Newman ( BBN ) . ATT Bell Labs and IBM Research were invited to join , but were not interested . At a pivotal meeting in 1967 most participants resisted testing the new network ; they thought it would slow down their research . In 1968 , Licklider and Taylor published The Computer as a Communication Device . The article laid out the future of what the Internet would eventually become . It began with a prophetic statement : In a few years , men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face . Beginning in 1967 , Taylor was sent by ARPA to investigate inconsistent reports coming from the Vietnam War . Only 35 years old , he was given an identification card with the military rank equivalent to his civilian position ( brigadier general ) , thus ensuring protection under the Geneva convention if he were captured . Over the course of several trips to the area , he established a computer center at the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam base in Saigon . In his words : After that the White House got a single report rather than several . That pleased them ; whether the data was any more correct or not , I dont know , but at least it was more consistent . The Vietnam project took him away from directing research , and by 1969 I knew ARPANET would work . So I wanted to leave . The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency and ongoing tensions with Roberts ( who , despite maintaining a putatively cordial relationship with Taylor , resented his lack of research experience and appointment to the IPTO directorship ) also factored in his decision to leave ARPA . For about a year , he joined Sutherland and David C . Evans at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City , where he had funded a center for research on computer graphics while at ARPA . Unable to acclimate to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints-dominated milieu , Taylor moved to Palo Alto , California in 1970 to become associate manager of the Computer Science Laboratory ( CSL ) at Xerox Corporations new Palo Alto Research Center . Xerox . Although Taylor played an integral role in recruiting scientists for the laboratory from the ARPA network , physicist and Xerox PARC director George Pake felt that he was an unsuitable candidate to manage the group because he lacked a relevant doctorate and subsequent experience in academic research . While Taylor eschewed a Pake-proposed research program in computer graphics in favor of largely administering the day-to-day operations of the laboratory from its inception , he acquiesced to the appointment of BBN scientist and ARPA network acquaintance Jerome I . Elkind as titular CSL manager in 1971 . Technologies developed at PARC under Taylors aegis focused on reaching beyond ARPANET to develop what has become the Internet , and the systems that support todays personal computers . They included : - Powerful personal computers ( including the Xerox Alto and later D-machines ) with windowed displays and graphical user interfaces that inspired the Apple Lisa and Macintosh . The Computer Science Laboratory built the Alto , which was conceived by Butler Lampson and designed mostly by Charles P . Thacker , Edward M . McCreight , Bob Sproull and David Boggs . The Learning Research Group of PARCs Systems Science Laboratory ( led by Alan Kay ) added the software-based desktop metaphor . - Ethernet , which networks local computers within a building or campus ; and the first Internet , a network that connected the Ethernet to the ARPANET utilizing PUP ( PARC Universal Protocol ) , forerunner to TCP/IP . It was primarily designed by Robert Metcalfe , Boggs , Thacker and Lampson . - The electronics and software that led to the laser printer ( spearheaded by optical engineer Gary Starkweather , who transferred from Xeroxs Webster , New York laboratory to work with CSL ) and the Interpress page description language that allowed John Warnock and Chuck Geschke to found Adobe Systems . - What-you-see-is-what-you-get ( WYSIWYG ) word-processing programs , as exemplified by Bravo , which Charles Simonyi took to Microsoft to serve as the basis for Microsoft Word . - SuperPaint , a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup . The software was written in consultation with future Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith , who could not secure an appointment at PARC and was retained as an independent contractor . Although Shoup received a special Emmy Award ( shared with Xerox ) in 1983 and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award ( shared with Smith and Thomas Porter ) in 1998 for his achievement , program development continued to be marginalized by PARC , ultimately precipitating Shoups departure in 1979 . Belying his lack of programming and engineering experience , Taylor was noted for his strident advocacy of Licklider-inspired distributed personal computing and his ability to maintain collegial and productive relationships between what was widely perceived as the foremost array of the epochs leading computer scientists . This was exemplified by a weekly staff meeting at PARC ( colloquially known as Dealer after Edward O . Thorps Beat the Dealer ) in which staff members would lead a discussion about myriad topics . They would sit in a circle of beanbag chairs and open debate was encouraged . According to Kay , the meeting was part of the larger ARPA community to learn how to argue to illuminate rather than merely to win . .. . The main purposes of Dealer -- as invented and implemented by Bob Taylor -- were to deal with how to make things work and make progress without having a formal manager structure . The presentations and argumentation were a small part of a deal session ( they did quite bother visiting Xeroids ) . It was quite rare for anything like a personal attack to happen ( because people for the most part came into PARC having been blessed by everyone there -- another Taylor rule -- and already knowing how to argue reasonably ) . Throughout his tenure at PARC , Taylor frequently clashed with Elkind ( who held budgetary responsibility for new projects but found his managerial authority undercut by Taylors intimate relationships with the research staff ) and Pake ( who did not countenance Taylors outsized influence in the laboratory and deprecatory attitude toward Xeroxs physics research program , then directly overseen by Pake ) ; as a result , he was not officially invited to the companys Futures Day demo ( marking the public premiere of the Alto ) in Boca Raton , Florida in 1977 . However , after one of Elkinds extended absences ( stemming from his ongoing involvement in other corporate and government projects ) , Taylor became the manager of the laboratory in early 1978 . In 1983 , physicist and integrated circuit specialist William J . Spencer became director of PARC . Spencer and Taylor disagreed about budget allocations for CSL ( exemplified by the ongoing institutional divide between computer science and physics ) and CSLs frustration with Xeroxs inability to recognize and use what they had developed . By the end of the year , Taylor and most of the researchers at CSL left Xerox . A coterie of leading computer scientists ( including Licklider , Donald Knuth and Dana Scott ) expressed their displeasure with Xeroxs decision not to retain Taylor in a letter-writing campaign to CEO David Kearns . DEC SRC . Taylor was hired by Ken Olsen of Digital Equipment Corporation , and formed the Systems Research Center in Palo Alto . Many of the former CSL researchers came to work at SRC . Among the projects at SRC were the Modula-3 programming language ; the snoopy cache , used in the Firefly multiprocessor workstation ; the first multi-threaded Unix system ; the first User Interface editor ; the AltaVista search engine and a networked Window System . Retirement and death . Taylor retired from DEC in 1996 . Following his divorce ( coinciding with his departure from Xerox ) , he lived in a secluded house in Woodside , California . In 2000 , he voiced two concerns about the future of the Internet : control and access . In his words : There are many worse ways of endangering a larger number of people on the Internet than on the highway . Its possible for people to generate networks that reproduce themselves and are very difficult or impossible to kill off . I want everyone to have the right to use it , but theres got to be some way to insure responsibility.Will it be freely available to everyone ? If not , it will be a big disappointment . On April 13 , 2017 , he died at his home in Woodside , California . His son said he had suffered from Parkinsons disease and other health problems . Awards . In 1984 , Taylor , Butler Lampson , and Charles P . Thacker received the ACM Software Systems Award for conceiving and guiding the development of the Xerox Alto System demonstrating that a distributed personal computer system can provide a desirable and practical alternative to time-sharing . In 1994 , all three were named ACM Fellows in recognition of the same work . In 1999 , Taylor received a National Medal of Technology and Innovation . The citation read For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology , including computer networks , the personal computer and the graphical user interface . In 2004 , the National Academy of Engineering awarded him along with Lampson , Thacker and Alan Kay their highest award , the Draper Prize . The citation reads : for the vision , conception , and development of the first practical networked personal computers . In 2013 , the Computer History Museum named him a Museum Fellow , for his leadership in the development of computer networking , online information and communications systems , and modern personal computing .
|
[
"IPTO"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert William Taylor ( February 10 , 1932 – April 13 , 2017 ) , known as Bob Taylor , was an American Internet pioneer , who led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer , and other related technologies . He was director of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office from 1965 through 1969 , founder and later manager of Xerox PARCs Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983 , and founder and manager of Digital Equipment Corporations Systems Research Center until 1996 .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": "Uniquely , Taylor had no formal academic training or research experience in computer science ; Severo Ornstein likened Taylor to a concert pianist without fingers , a perception reaffirmed by historian Leslie Berlin : Taylor could hear a faint melody in the distance , but he could not play it himself . He knew whether to move up or down the scale to approximate the sound , he could recognize when a note was wrong , but he needed someone else to make the music .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": " His awards include the National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the Draper Prize . Taylor was known for his high-level vision : The Internet is not about technology ; its about communication . The Internet connects people who have shared interests , ideas and needs , regardless of geography .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": "Robert W . Taylor was born in Dallas , Texas , in 1932 . His adoptive father , Rev . Raymond Taylor , was a Methodist minister who held degrees from Southern Methodist University , the University of Texas at Austin and Yale Divinity School . The family ( including Taylors adoptive mother , Audrey ) was highly itinerant during Taylors childhood , moving from parish to parish . Having skipped several grades as a result of his enrollment in an experimental school , he began his higher education at Southern Methodist University at the age of 16 in 1948",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "; while there , he was not a serious student but had a good time .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Taylor then served a stint in the United States Naval Reserve during the Korean War ( 1952–1954 ) at Naval Air Station Dallas before returning to his studies at the University of Texas at Austin under the GI Bill . At UT he was a professional student , taking courses for pleasure . In 1957 , he earned an undergraduate degree in experimental psychology from the institution with minors in mathematics , philosophy , English and religion .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "He subsequently earned a masters degree in psychology from Texas in 1959 before electing not to pursue a PhD in the field . Reflecting his background in experimental psychology and mathematics , he completed research in neuroscience , psychoacoustics and the auditory nervous system as a graduate student . According to Taylor , I had a teaching assistantship in the department , and they were urging me to get a PhD , but to get a PhD in psychology in those days , maybe still today , you have to qualify and take courses in abnormal psychology , social psychology",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ", clinical psychology , child psychology , none of which I was interested in . Those are all sort of in the softer regions of psychology . Theyre not very scientific , theyre not very rigorous . I was interested in physiological psychology , in psychoacoustics or the portion of psychology which deals with science , the nervous system , things that are more like applied physics and biology , really , than they are what normally people think of when they think of psychology . So I didnt want to waste time taking courses in those other areas and",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "so I said Im not going to get a PhD .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After leaving Texas , Taylor taught math and coached basketball for a year at Howey Academy , a co-ed prep school in Florida . I had a wonderful time but was very poor , with a second child — who turned out to be twins — on the way , he recalled . Taylor took engineering jobs with aircraft companies at better salaries . He helped to design the MGM-31 Pershing as a senior systems engineer for defense contractor Martin Marietta ( 1960–1961 ) in Orlando , Florida .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1962 , after submitting a research proposal for a flight control simulation display , he was invited to join NASAs Office of Advanced Research and Technology as a program manager assigned to the manned flight control and display division .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Taylor worked for NASA in Washington , D.C . while the Kennedy administration was backing research and development projects such as the Apollo program for a manned moon landing . In late 1962 Taylor met J . C . R . Licklider , who was heading the new Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) of the Advanced Research Project Agency ( ARPA ) of the United States Department of Defense . Like Taylor , Licklider had specialized in psychoacoustics during his graduate studies . In March 1960 , he published Man-Computer Symbiosis , an article that envisioned new ways",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "to use computers . This work was an influential roadmap in the history of the internet and the personal computer , and greatly influenced Taylor .",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "During this period , Taylor also became acquainted with Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park , California . He directed NASA funding to Engelbarts studies of computer-display technology at SRI that led to the computer mouse . The public demonstration of a mouse-based user interface was later called the Mother of All Demos . At the Fall 1968 Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco , Engelbart , Bill English , Jeff Rulifson and the rest of the Human Augmentation Research Center team at SRI showed on a big screen how he could manipulate a computer remotely",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "located in Menlo Park , while sitting on a San Francisco stage , using his mouse .",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 , Taylor moved from NASA to IPTO , first as a deputy to Ivan Sutherland ( who returned to academia shortly thereafter ) to fund large programs in advanced research in computing at major universities and corporate research centers throughout the United States . Among the computer projects that ARPA supported was time-sharing , in which many users could work at terminals to share a single large computer . Users could work interactively instead of using punched cards or punched tape in a batch processing style . Taylors office in the Pentagon had a terminal connected to time-sharing",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a terminal connected to the Berkeley Timesharing System at the University of California , Berkeley , and a third terminal to the System Development Corporation in Santa Monica , California . He noticed each system developed a community of users , but was isolated from the other communities .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Taylor hoped to build a computer network to connect the ARPA-sponsored projects together , if nothing else , to let him communicate to all of them through one terminal . By June 1966 , Taylor had been named director of IPTO ; in this capacity , he shepherded the ARPANET project until 1969 . Taylor had convinced ARPA director Charles M . Herzfeld to fund a network project earlier in February 1966 , and Herzfeld transferred a million dollars from a ballistic missile defense program to Taylors budget . Taylor hired Larry Roberts from MIT Lincoln Laboratory to be its",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "first program manager . Roberts first resisted moving to Washington DC , until Herzfeld reminded the director of Lincoln Laboratory that ARPA dominated its funding . Licklider continued to provide guidance , and Wesley A . Clark suggested the use of a dedicated computer , called the Interface Message Processor at each node of the network instead of centralized control . At the 1967 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles , a member of Donald Davies team ( Roger Scantlebury ) presented their research on packet switching and suggested it for use in the ARPANET . ARPA issued a request for",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "quotation ( RFQ ) to build the system , which was awarded to Bolt , Beranek and Newman ( BBN ) . ATT Bell Labs and IBM Research were invited to join , but were not interested . At a pivotal meeting in 1967 most participants resisted testing the new network ; they thought it would slow down their research .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " In 1968 , Licklider and Taylor published The Computer as a Communication Device . The article laid out the future of what the Internet would eventually become . It began with a prophetic statement : In a few years , men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1967 , Taylor was sent by ARPA to investigate inconsistent reports coming from the Vietnam War . Only 35 years old , he was given an identification card with the military rank equivalent to his civilian position ( brigadier general ) , thus ensuring protection under the Geneva convention if he were captured . Over the course of several trips to the area , he established a computer center at the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam base in Saigon . In his words : After that the White House got a single report rather than several . That",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "pleased them ; whether the data was any more correct or not , I dont know , but at least it was more consistent . The Vietnam project took him away from directing research , and by 1969 I knew ARPANET would work . So I wanted to leave .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency and ongoing tensions with Roberts ( who , despite maintaining a putatively cordial relationship with Taylor , resented his lack of research experience and appointment to the IPTO directorship ) also factored in his decision to leave ARPA . For about a year , he joined Sutherland and David C . Evans at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City , where he had funded a center for research on computer graphics while at ARPA .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Unable to acclimate to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints-dominated milieu , Taylor moved to Palo Alto , California in 1970 to become associate manager of the Computer Science Laboratory ( CSL ) at Xerox Corporations new Palo Alto Research Center .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " Although Taylor played an integral role in recruiting scientists for the laboratory from the ARPA network , physicist and Xerox PARC director George Pake felt that he was an unsuitable candidate to manage the group because he lacked a relevant doctorate and subsequent experience in academic research . While Taylor eschewed a Pake-proposed research program in computer graphics in favor of largely administering the day-to-day operations of the laboratory from its inception , he acquiesced to the appointment of BBN scientist and ARPA network acquaintance Jerome I . Elkind as titular CSL manager in 1971 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Technologies developed at PARC under Taylors aegis focused on reaching beyond ARPANET to develop what has become the Internet , and the systems that support todays personal computers . They included :",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " - Powerful personal computers ( including the Xerox Alto and later D-machines ) with windowed displays and graphical user interfaces that inspired the Apple Lisa and Macintosh . The Computer Science Laboratory built the Alto , which was conceived by Butler Lampson and designed mostly by Charles P . Thacker , Edward M . McCreight , Bob Sproull and David Boggs . The Learning Research Group of PARCs Systems Science Laboratory ( led by Alan Kay ) added the software-based desktop metaphor .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "- Ethernet , which networks local computers within a building or campus ; and the first Internet , a network that connected the Ethernet to the ARPANET utilizing PUP ( PARC Universal Protocol ) , forerunner to TCP/IP . It was primarily designed by Robert Metcalfe , Boggs , Thacker and Lampson .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " - The electronics and software that led to the laser printer ( spearheaded by optical engineer Gary Starkweather , who transferred from Xeroxs Webster , New York laboratory to work with CSL ) and the Interpress page description language that allowed John Warnock and Chuck Geschke to found Adobe Systems . - What-you-see-is-what-you-get ( WYSIWYG ) word-processing programs , as exemplified by Bravo , which Charles Simonyi took to Microsoft to serve as the basis for Microsoft Word .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "- SuperPaint , a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup . The software was written in consultation with future Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith , who could not secure an appointment at PARC and was retained as an independent contractor . Although Shoup received a special Emmy Award ( shared with Xerox ) in 1983 and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award ( shared with Smith and Thomas Porter ) in 1998 for his achievement , program development continued to be marginalized by PARC , ultimately precipitating Shoups departure in 1979 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Belying his lack of programming and engineering experience , Taylor was noted for his strident advocacy of Licklider-inspired distributed personal computing and his ability to maintain collegial and productive relationships between what was widely perceived as the foremost array of the epochs leading computer scientists . This was exemplified by a weekly staff meeting at PARC ( colloquially known as Dealer after Edward O . Thorps Beat the Dealer ) in which staff members would lead a discussion about myriad topics . They would sit in a circle of beanbag chairs and open debate was encouraged . According to Kay",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": ", the meeting was part of the larger ARPA community to learn how to argue to illuminate rather than merely to win . .. . The main purposes of Dealer -- as invented and implemented by Bob Taylor -- were to deal with how to make things work and make progress without having a formal manager structure . The presentations and argumentation were a small part of a deal session ( they did quite bother visiting Xeroids ) . It was quite rare for anything like a personal attack to happen ( because people for the most part came into",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "PARC having been blessed by everyone there -- another Taylor rule -- and already knowing how to argue reasonably ) .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Throughout his tenure at PARC , Taylor frequently clashed with Elkind ( who held budgetary responsibility for new projects but found his managerial authority undercut by Taylors intimate relationships with the research staff ) and Pake ( who did not countenance Taylors outsized influence in the laboratory and deprecatory attitude toward Xeroxs physics research program , then directly overseen by Pake ) ; as a result , he was not officially invited to the companys Futures Day demo ( marking the public premiere of the Alto ) in Boca Raton , Florida in 1977 . However , after one of",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Elkinds extended absences ( stemming from his ongoing involvement in other corporate and government projects ) , Taylor became the manager of the laboratory in early 1978 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "In 1983 , physicist and integrated circuit specialist William J . Spencer became director of PARC . Spencer and Taylor disagreed about budget allocations for CSL ( exemplified by the ongoing institutional divide between computer science and physics ) and CSLs frustration with Xeroxs inability to recognize and use what they had developed . By the end of the year , Taylor and most of the researchers at CSL left Xerox . A coterie of leading computer scientists ( including Licklider , Donald Knuth and Dana Scott ) expressed their displeasure with Xeroxs decision not to retain Taylor in a",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "letter-writing campaign to CEO David Kearns .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " Taylor was hired by Ken Olsen of Digital Equipment Corporation , and formed the Systems Research Center in Palo Alto . Many of the former CSL researchers came to work at SRC . Among the projects at SRC were the Modula-3 programming language ; the snoopy cache , used in the Firefly multiprocessor workstation ; the first multi-threaded Unix system ; the first User Interface editor ; the AltaVista search engine and a networked Window System .",
"title": "DEC SRC"
},
{
"text": " Taylor retired from DEC in 1996 . Following his divorce ( coinciding with his departure from Xerox ) , he lived in a secluded house in Woodside , California . In 2000 , he voiced two concerns about the future of the Internet : control and access . In his words :",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": "There are many worse ways of endangering a larger number of people on the Internet than on the highway . Its possible for people to generate networks that reproduce themselves and are very difficult or impossible to kill off . I want everyone to have the right to use it , but theres got to be some way to insure responsibility.Will it be freely available to everyone ? If not , it will be a big disappointment .",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": " On April 13 , 2017 , he died at his home in Woodside , California . His son said he had suffered from Parkinsons disease and other health problems .",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": "In 1984 , Taylor , Butler Lampson , and Charles P . Thacker received the ACM Software Systems Award for conceiving and guiding the development of the Xerox Alto System demonstrating that a distributed personal computer system can provide a desirable and practical alternative to time-sharing . In 1994 , all three were named ACM Fellows in recognition of the same work . In 1999 , Taylor received a National Medal of Technology and Innovation . The citation read For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology , including computer networks , the personal computer and the graphical",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "user interface .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 , the National Academy of Engineering awarded him along with Lampson , Thacker and Alan Kay their highest award , the Draper Prize . The citation reads : for the vision , conception , and development of the first practical networked personal computers . In 2013 , the Computer History Museum named him a Museum Fellow , for his leadership in the development of computer networking , online information and communications systems , and modern personal computing .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(computer_scientist)#P108#3
|
Which employer did Robert Taylor (computer scientist) work for in Nov 1969?
|
Robert Taylor ( computer scientist ) Robert William Taylor ( February 10 , 1932 – April 13 , 2017 ) , known as Bob Taylor , was an American Internet pioneer , who led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer , and other related technologies . He was director of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office from 1965 through 1969 , founder and later manager of Xerox PARCs Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983 , and founder and manager of Digital Equipment Corporations Systems Research Center until 1996 . Uniquely , Taylor had no formal academic training or research experience in computer science ; Severo Ornstein likened Taylor to a concert pianist without fingers , a perception reaffirmed by historian Leslie Berlin : Taylor could hear a faint melody in the distance , but he could not play it himself . He knew whether to move up or down the scale to approximate the sound , he could recognize when a note was wrong , but he needed someone else to make the music . His awards include the National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the Draper Prize . Taylor was known for his high-level vision : The Internet is not about technology ; its about communication . The Internet connects people who have shared interests , ideas and needs , regardless of geography . Early life . Robert W . Taylor was born in Dallas , Texas , in 1932 . His adoptive father , Rev . Raymond Taylor , was a Methodist minister who held degrees from Southern Methodist University , the University of Texas at Austin and Yale Divinity School . The family ( including Taylors adoptive mother , Audrey ) was highly itinerant during Taylors childhood , moving from parish to parish . Having skipped several grades as a result of his enrollment in an experimental school , he began his higher education at Southern Methodist University at the age of 16 in 1948 ; while there , he was not a serious student but had a good time . Taylor then served a stint in the United States Naval Reserve during the Korean War ( 1952–1954 ) at Naval Air Station Dallas before returning to his studies at the University of Texas at Austin under the GI Bill . At UT he was a professional student , taking courses for pleasure . In 1957 , he earned an undergraduate degree in experimental psychology from the institution with minors in mathematics , philosophy , English and religion . He subsequently earned a masters degree in psychology from Texas in 1959 before electing not to pursue a PhD in the field . Reflecting his background in experimental psychology and mathematics , he completed research in neuroscience , psychoacoustics and the auditory nervous system as a graduate student . According to Taylor , I had a teaching assistantship in the department , and they were urging me to get a PhD , but to get a PhD in psychology in those days , maybe still today , you have to qualify and take courses in abnormal psychology , social psychology , clinical psychology , child psychology , none of which I was interested in . Those are all sort of in the softer regions of psychology . Theyre not very scientific , theyre not very rigorous . I was interested in physiological psychology , in psychoacoustics or the portion of psychology which deals with science , the nervous system , things that are more like applied physics and biology , really , than they are what normally people think of when they think of psychology . So I didnt want to waste time taking courses in those other areas and so I said Im not going to get a PhD . After leaving Texas , Taylor taught math and coached basketball for a year at Howey Academy , a co-ed prep school in Florida . I had a wonderful time but was very poor , with a second child — who turned out to be twins — on the way , he recalled . Taylor took engineering jobs with aircraft companies at better salaries . He helped to design the MGM-31 Pershing as a senior systems engineer for defense contractor Martin Marietta ( 1960–1961 ) in Orlando , Florida . In 1962 , after submitting a research proposal for a flight control simulation display , he was invited to join NASAs Office of Advanced Research and Technology as a program manager assigned to the manned flight control and display division . Computer career . Taylor worked for NASA in Washington , D.C . while the Kennedy administration was backing research and development projects such as the Apollo program for a manned moon landing . In late 1962 Taylor met J . C . R . Licklider , who was heading the new Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) of the Advanced Research Project Agency ( ARPA ) of the United States Department of Defense . Like Taylor , Licklider had specialized in psychoacoustics during his graduate studies . In March 1960 , he published Man-Computer Symbiosis , an article that envisioned new ways to use computers . This work was an influential roadmap in the history of the internet and the personal computer , and greatly influenced Taylor . During this period , Taylor also became acquainted with Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park , California . He directed NASA funding to Engelbarts studies of computer-display technology at SRI that led to the computer mouse . The public demonstration of a mouse-based user interface was later called the Mother of All Demos . At the Fall 1968 Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco , Engelbart , Bill English , Jeff Rulifson and the rest of the Human Augmentation Research Center team at SRI showed on a big screen how he could manipulate a computer remotely located in Menlo Park , while sitting on a San Francisco stage , using his mouse . ARPA . In 1965 , Taylor moved from NASA to IPTO , first as a deputy to Ivan Sutherland ( who returned to academia shortly thereafter ) to fund large programs in advanced research in computing at major universities and corporate research centers throughout the United States . Among the computer projects that ARPA supported was time-sharing , in which many users could work at terminals to share a single large computer . Users could work interactively instead of using punched cards or punched tape in a batch processing style . Taylors office in the Pentagon had a terminal connected to time-sharing at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a terminal connected to the Berkeley Timesharing System at the University of California , Berkeley , and a third terminal to the System Development Corporation in Santa Monica , California . He noticed each system developed a community of users , but was isolated from the other communities . Taylor hoped to build a computer network to connect the ARPA-sponsored projects together , if nothing else , to let him communicate to all of them through one terminal . By June 1966 , Taylor had been named director of IPTO ; in this capacity , he shepherded the ARPANET project until 1969 . Taylor had convinced ARPA director Charles M . Herzfeld to fund a network project earlier in February 1966 , and Herzfeld transferred a million dollars from a ballistic missile defense program to Taylors budget . Taylor hired Larry Roberts from MIT Lincoln Laboratory to be its first program manager . Roberts first resisted moving to Washington DC , until Herzfeld reminded the director of Lincoln Laboratory that ARPA dominated its funding . Licklider continued to provide guidance , and Wesley A . Clark suggested the use of a dedicated computer , called the Interface Message Processor at each node of the network instead of centralized control . At the 1967 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles , a member of Donald Davies team ( Roger Scantlebury ) presented their research on packet switching and suggested it for use in the ARPANET . ARPA issued a request for quotation ( RFQ ) to build the system , which was awarded to Bolt , Beranek and Newman ( BBN ) . ATT Bell Labs and IBM Research were invited to join , but were not interested . At a pivotal meeting in 1967 most participants resisted testing the new network ; they thought it would slow down their research . In 1968 , Licklider and Taylor published The Computer as a Communication Device . The article laid out the future of what the Internet would eventually become . It began with a prophetic statement : In a few years , men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face . Beginning in 1967 , Taylor was sent by ARPA to investigate inconsistent reports coming from the Vietnam War . Only 35 years old , he was given an identification card with the military rank equivalent to his civilian position ( brigadier general ) , thus ensuring protection under the Geneva convention if he were captured . Over the course of several trips to the area , he established a computer center at the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam base in Saigon . In his words : After that the White House got a single report rather than several . That pleased them ; whether the data was any more correct or not , I dont know , but at least it was more consistent . The Vietnam project took him away from directing research , and by 1969 I knew ARPANET would work . So I wanted to leave . The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency and ongoing tensions with Roberts ( who , despite maintaining a putatively cordial relationship with Taylor , resented his lack of research experience and appointment to the IPTO directorship ) also factored in his decision to leave ARPA . For about a year , he joined Sutherland and David C . Evans at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City , where he had funded a center for research on computer graphics while at ARPA . Unable to acclimate to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints-dominated milieu , Taylor moved to Palo Alto , California in 1970 to become associate manager of the Computer Science Laboratory ( CSL ) at Xerox Corporations new Palo Alto Research Center . Xerox . Although Taylor played an integral role in recruiting scientists for the laboratory from the ARPA network , physicist and Xerox PARC director George Pake felt that he was an unsuitable candidate to manage the group because he lacked a relevant doctorate and subsequent experience in academic research . While Taylor eschewed a Pake-proposed research program in computer graphics in favor of largely administering the day-to-day operations of the laboratory from its inception , he acquiesced to the appointment of BBN scientist and ARPA network acquaintance Jerome I . Elkind as titular CSL manager in 1971 . Technologies developed at PARC under Taylors aegis focused on reaching beyond ARPANET to develop what has become the Internet , and the systems that support todays personal computers . They included : - Powerful personal computers ( including the Xerox Alto and later D-machines ) with windowed displays and graphical user interfaces that inspired the Apple Lisa and Macintosh . The Computer Science Laboratory built the Alto , which was conceived by Butler Lampson and designed mostly by Charles P . Thacker , Edward M . McCreight , Bob Sproull and David Boggs . The Learning Research Group of PARCs Systems Science Laboratory ( led by Alan Kay ) added the software-based desktop metaphor . - Ethernet , which networks local computers within a building or campus ; and the first Internet , a network that connected the Ethernet to the ARPANET utilizing PUP ( PARC Universal Protocol ) , forerunner to TCP/IP . It was primarily designed by Robert Metcalfe , Boggs , Thacker and Lampson . - The electronics and software that led to the laser printer ( spearheaded by optical engineer Gary Starkweather , who transferred from Xeroxs Webster , New York laboratory to work with CSL ) and the Interpress page description language that allowed John Warnock and Chuck Geschke to found Adobe Systems . - What-you-see-is-what-you-get ( WYSIWYG ) word-processing programs , as exemplified by Bravo , which Charles Simonyi took to Microsoft to serve as the basis for Microsoft Word . - SuperPaint , a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup . The software was written in consultation with future Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith , who could not secure an appointment at PARC and was retained as an independent contractor . Although Shoup received a special Emmy Award ( shared with Xerox ) in 1983 and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award ( shared with Smith and Thomas Porter ) in 1998 for his achievement , program development continued to be marginalized by PARC , ultimately precipitating Shoups departure in 1979 . Belying his lack of programming and engineering experience , Taylor was noted for his strident advocacy of Licklider-inspired distributed personal computing and his ability to maintain collegial and productive relationships between what was widely perceived as the foremost array of the epochs leading computer scientists . This was exemplified by a weekly staff meeting at PARC ( colloquially known as Dealer after Edward O . Thorps Beat the Dealer ) in which staff members would lead a discussion about myriad topics . They would sit in a circle of beanbag chairs and open debate was encouraged . According to Kay , the meeting was part of the larger ARPA community to learn how to argue to illuminate rather than merely to win . .. . The main purposes of Dealer -- as invented and implemented by Bob Taylor -- were to deal with how to make things work and make progress without having a formal manager structure . The presentations and argumentation were a small part of a deal session ( they did quite bother visiting Xeroids ) . It was quite rare for anything like a personal attack to happen ( because people for the most part came into PARC having been blessed by everyone there -- another Taylor rule -- and already knowing how to argue reasonably ) . Throughout his tenure at PARC , Taylor frequently clashed with Elkind ( who held budgetary responsibility for new projects but found his managerial authority undercut by Taylors intimate relationships with the research staff ) and Pake ( who did not countenance Taylors outsized influence in the laboratory and deprecatory attitude toward Xeroxs physics research program , then directly overseen by Pake ) ; as a result , he was not officially invited to the companys Futures Day demo ( marking the public premiere of the Alto ) in Boca Raton , Florida in 1977 . However , after one of Elkinds extended absences ( stemming from his ongoing involvement in other corporate and government projects ) , Taylor became the manager of the laboratory in early 1978 . In 1983 , physicist and integrated circuit specialist William J . Spencer became director of PARC . Spencer and Taylor disagreed about budget allocations for CSL ( exemplified by the ongoing institutional divide between computer science and physics ) and CSLs frustration with Xeroxs inability to recognize and use what they had developed . By the end of the year , Taylor and most of the researchers at CSL left Xerox . A coterie of leading computer scientists ( including Licklider , Donald Knuth and Dana Scott ) expressed their displeasure with Xeroxs decision not to retain Taylor in a letter-writing campaign to CEO David Kearns . DEC SRC . Taylor was hired by Ken Olsen of Digital Equipment Corporation , and formed the Systems Research Center in Palo Alto . Many of the former CSL researchers came to work at SRC . Among the projects at SRC were the Modula-3 programming language ; the snoopy cache , used in the Firefly multiprocessor workstation ; the first multi-threaded Unix system ; the first User Interface editor ; the AltaVista search engine and a networked Window System . Retirement and death . Taylor retired from DEC in 1996 . Following his divorce ( coinciding with his departure from Xerox ) , he lived in a secluded house in Woodside , California . In 2000 , he voiced two concerns about the future of the Internet : control and access . In his words : There are many worse ways of endangering a larger number of people on the Internet than on the highway . Its possible for people to generate networks that reproduce themselves and are very difficult or impossible to kill off . I want everyone to have the right to use it , but theres got to be some way to insure responsibility.Will it be freely available to everyone ? If not , it will be a big disappointment . On April 13 , 2017 , he died at his home in Woodside , California . His son said he had suffered from Parkinsons disease and other health problems . Awards . In 1984 , Taylor , Butler Lampson , and Charles P . Thacker received the ACM Software Systems Award for conceiving and guiding the development of the Xerox Alto System demonstrating that a distributed personal computer system can provide a desirable and practical alternative to time-sharing . In 1994 , all three were named ACM Fellows in recognition of the same work . In 1999 , Taylor received a National Medal of Technology and Innovation . The citation read For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology , including computer networks , the personal computer and the graphical user interface . In 2004 , the National Academy of Engineering awarded him along with Lampson , Thacker and Alan Kay their highest award , the Draper Prize . The citation reads : for the vision , conception , and development of the first practical networked personal computers . In 2013 , the Computer History Museum named him a Museum Fellow , for his leadership in the development of computer networking , online information and communications systems , and modern personal computing .
|
[
"University of Utah",
"ARPA"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert William Taylor ( February 10 , 1932 – April 13 , 2017 ) , known as Bob Taylor , was an American Internet pioneer , who led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer , and other related technologies . He was director of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office from 1965 through 1969 , founder and later manager of Xerox PARCs Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983 , and founder and manager of Digital Equipment Corporations Systems Research Center until 1996 .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": "Uniquely , Taylor had no formal academic training or research experience in computer science ; Severo Ornstein likened Taylor to a concert pianist without fingers , a perception reaffirmed by historian Leslie Berlin : Taylor could hear a faint melody in the distance , but he could not play it himself . He knew whether to move up or down the scale to approximate the sound , he could recognize when a note was wrong , but he needed someone else to make the music .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": " His awards include the National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the Draper Prize . Taylor was known for his high-level vision : The Internet is not about technology ; its about communication . The Internet connects people who have shared interests , ideas and needs , regardless of geography .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": "Robert W . Taylor was born in Dallas , Texas , in 1932 . His adoptive father , Rev . Raymond Taylor , was a Methodist minister who held degrees from Southern Methodist University , the University of Texas at Austin and Yale Divinity School . The family ( including Taylors adoptive mother , Audrey ) was highly itinerant during Taylors childhood , moving from parish to parish . Having skipped several grades as a result of his enrollment in an experimental school , he began his higher education at Southern Methodist University at the age of 16 in 1948",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "; while there , he was not a serious student but had a good time .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Taylor then served a stint in the United States Naval Reserve during the Korean War ( 1952–1954 ) at Naval Air Station Dallas before returning to his studies at the University of Texas at Austin under the GI Bill . At UT he was a professional student , taking courses for pleasure . In 1957 , he earned an undergraduate degree in experimental psychology from the institution with minors in mathematics , philosophy , English and religion .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "He subsequently earned a masters degree in psychology from Texas in 1959 before electing not to pursue a PhD in the field . Reflecting his background in experimental psychology and mathematics , he completed research in neuroscience , psychoacoustics and the auditory nervous system as a graduate student . According to Taylor , I had a teaching assistantship in the department , and they were urging me to get a PhD , but to get a PhD in psychology in those days , maybe still today , you have to qualify and take courses in abnormal psychology , social psychology",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ", clinical psychology , child psychology , none of which I was interested in . Those are all sort of in the softer regions of psychology . Theyre not very scientific , theyre not very rigorous . I was interested in physiological psychology , in psychoacoustics or the portion of psychology which deals with science , the nervous system , things that are more like applied physics and biology , really , than they are what normally people think of when they think of psychology . So I didnt want to waste time taking courses in those other areas and",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "so I said Im not going to get a PhD .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After leaving Texas , Taylor taught math and coached basketball for a year at Howey Academy , a co-ed prep school in Florida . I had a wonderful time but was very poor , with a second child — who turned out to be twins — on the way , he recalled . Taylor took engineering jobs with aircraft companies at better salaries . He helped to design the MGM-31 Pershing as a senior systems engineer for defense contractor Martin Marietta ( 1960–1961 ) in Orlando , Florida .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1962 , after submitting a research proposal for a flight control simulation display , he was invited to join NASAs Office of Advanced Research and Technology as a program manager assigned to the manned flight control and display division .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Taylor worked for NASA in Washington , D.C . while the Kennedy administration was backing research and development projects such as the Apollo program for a manned moon landing . In late 1962 Taylor met J . C . R . Licklider , who was heading the new Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) of the Advanced Research Project Agency ( ARPA ) of the United States Department of Defense . Like Taylor , Licklider had specialized in psychoacoustics during his graduate studies . In March 1960 , he published Man-Computer Symbiosis , an article that envisioned new ways",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "to use computers . This work was an influential roadmap in the history of the internet and the personal computer , and greatly influenced Taylor .",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "During this period , Taylor also became acquainted with Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park , California . He directed NASA funding to Engelbarts studies of computer-display technology at SRI that led to the computer mouse . The public demonstration of a mouse-based user interface was later called the Mother of All Demos . At the Fall 1968 Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco , Engelbart , Bill English , Jeff Rulifson and the rest of the Human Augmentation Research Center team at SRI showed on a big screen how he could manipulate a computer remotely",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "located in Menlo Park , while sitting on a San Francisco stage , using his mouse .",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 , Taylor moved from NASA to IPTO , first as a deputy to Ivan Sutherland ( who returned to academia shortly thereafter ) to fund large programs in advanced research in computing at major universities and corporate research centers throughout the United States . Among the computer projects that ARPA supported was time-sharing , in which many users could work at terminals to share a single large computer . Users could work interactively instead of using punched cards or punched tape in a batch processing style . Taylors office in the Pentagon had a terminal connected to time-sharing",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a terminal connected to the Berkeley Timesharing System at the University of California , Berkeley , and a third terminal to the System Development Corporation in Santa Monica , California . He noticed each system developed a community of users , but was isolated from the other communities .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Taylor hoped to build a computer network to connect the ARPA-sponsored projects together , if nothing else , to let him communicate to all of them through one terminal . By June 1966 , Taylor had been named director of IPTO ; in this capacity , he shepherded the ARPANET project until 1969 . Taylor had convinced ARPA director Charles M . Herzfeld to fund a network project earlier in February 1966 , and Herzfeld transferred a million dollars from a ballistic missile defense program to Taylors budget . Taylor hired Larry Roberts from MIT Lincoln Laboratory to be its",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "first program manager . Roberts first resisted moving to Washington DC , until Herzfeld reminded the director of Lincoln Laboratory that ARPA dominated its funding . Licklider continued to provide guidance , and Wesley A . Clark suggested the use of a dedicated computer , called the Interface Message Processor at each node of the network instead of centralized control . At the 1967 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles , a member of Donald Davies team ( Roger Scantlebury ) presented their research on packet switching and suggested it for use in the ARPANET . ARPA issued a request for",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "quotation ( RFQ ) to build the system , which was awarded to Bolt , Beranek and Newman ( BBN ) . ATT Bell Labs and IBM Research were invited to join , but were not interested . At a pivotal meeting in 1967 most participants resisted testing the new network ; they thought it would slow down their research .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " In 1968 , Licklider and Taylor published The Computer as a Communication Device . The article laid out the future of what the Internet would eventually become . It began with a prophetic statement : In a few years , men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1967 , Taylor was sent by ARPA to investigate inconsistent reports coming from the Vietnam War . Only 35 years old , he was given an identification card with the military rank equivalent to his civilian position ( brigadier general ) , thus ensuring protection under the Geneva convention if he were captured . Over the course of several trips to the area , he established a computer center at the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam base in Saigon . In his words : After that the White House got a single report rather than several . That",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "pleased them ; whether the data was any more correct or not , I dont know , but at least it was more consistent . The Vietnam project took him away from directing research , and by 1969 I knew ARPANET would work . So I wanted to leave .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency and ongoing tensions with Roberts ( who , despite maintaining a putatively cordial relationship with Taylor , resented his lack of research experience and appointment to the IPTO directorship ) also factored in his decision to leave ARPA . For about a year , he joined Sutherland and David C . Evans at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City , where he had funded a center for research on computer graphics while at ARPA .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Unable to acclimate to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints-dominated milieu , Taylor moved to Palo Alto , California in 1970 to become associate manager of the Computer Science Laboratory ( CSL ) at Xerox Corporations new Palo Alto Research Center .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " Although Taylor played an integral role in recruiting scientists for the laboratory from the ARPA network , physicist and Xerox PARC director George Pake felt that he was an unsuitable candidate to manage the group because he lacked a relevant doctorate and subsequent experience in academic research . While Taylor eschewed a Pake-proposed research program in computer graphics in favor of largely administering the day-to-day operations of the laboratory from its inception , he acquiesced to the appointment of BBN scientist and ARPA network acquaintance Jerome I . Elkind as titular CSL manager in 1971 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Technologies developed at PARC under Taylors aegis focused on reaching beyond ARPANET to develop what has become the Internet , and the systems that support todays personal computers . They included :",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " - Powerful personal computers ( including the Xerox Alto and later D-machines ) with windowed displays and graphical user interfaces that inspired the Apple Lisa and Macintosh . The Computer Science Laboratory built the Alto , which was conceived by Butler Lampson and designed mostly by Charles P . Thacker , Edward M . McCreight , Bob Sproull and David Boggs . The Learning Research Group of PARCs Systems Science Laboratory ( led by Alan Kay ) added the software-based desktop metaphor .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "- Ethernet , which networks local computers within a building or campus ; and the first Internet , a network that connected the Ethernet to the ARPANET utilizing PUP ( PARC Universal Protocol ) , forerunner to TCP/IP . It was primarily designed by Robert Metcalfe , Boggs , Thacker and Lampson .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " - The electronics and software that led to the laser printer ( spearheaded by optical engineer Gary Starkweather , who transferred from Xeroxs Webster , New York laboratory to work with CSL ) and the Interpress page description language that allowed John Warnock and Chuck Geschke to found Adobe Systems . - What-you-see-is-what-you-get ( WYSIWYG ) word-processing programs , as exemplified by Bravo , which Charles Simonyi took to Microsoft to serve as the basis for Microsoft Word .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "- SuperPaint , a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup . The software was written in consultation with future Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith , who could not secure an appointment at PARC and was retained as an independent contractor . Although Shoup received a special Emmy Award ( shared with Xerox ) in 1983 and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award ( shared with Smith and Thomas Porter ) in 1998 for his achievement , program development continued to be marginalized by PARC , ultimately precipitating Shoups departure in 1979 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Belying his lack of programming and engineering experience , Taylor was noted for his strident advocacy of Licklider-inspired distributed personal computing and his ability to maintain collegial and productive relationships between what was widely perceived as the foremost array of the epochs leading computer scientists . This was exemplified by a weekly staff meeting at PARC ( colloquially known as Dealer after Edward O . Thorps Beat the Dealer ) in which staff members would lead a discussion about myriad topics . They would sit in a circle of beanbag chairs and open debate was encouraged . According to Kay",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": ", the meeting was part of the larger ARPA community to learn how to argue to illuminate rather than merely to win . .. . The main purposes of Dealer -- as invented and implemented by Bob Taylor -- were to deal with how to make things work and make progress without having a formal manager structure . The presentations and argumentation were a small part of a deal session ( they did quite bother visiting Xeroids ) . It was quite rare for anything like a personal attack to happen ( because people for the most part came into",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "PARC having been blessed by everyone there -- another Taylor rule -- and already knowing how to argue reasonably ) .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Throughout his tenure at PARC , Taylor frequently clashed with Elkind ( who held budgetary responsibility for new projects but found his managerial authority undercut by Taylors intimate relationships with the research staff ) and Pake ( who did not countenance Taylors outsized influence in the laboratory and deprecatory attitude toward Xeroxs physics research program , then directly overseen by Pake ) ; as a result , he was not officially invited to the companys Futures Day demo ( marking the public premiere of the Alto ) in Boca Raton , Florida in 1977 . However , after one of",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Elkinds extended absences ( stemming from his ongoing involvement in other corporate and government projects ) , Taylor became the manager of the laboratory in early 1978 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "In 1983 , physicist and integrated circuit specialist William J . Spencer became director of PARC . Spencer and Taylor disagreed about budget allocations for CSL ( exemplified by the ongoing institutional divide between computer science and physics ) and CSLs frustration with Xeroxs inability to recognize and use what they had developed . By the end of the year , Taylor and most of the researchers at CSL left Xerox . A coterie of leading computer scientists ( including Licklider , Donald Knuth and Dana Scott ) expressed their displeasure with Xeroxs decision not to retain Taylor in a",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "letter-writing campaign to CEO David Kearns .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " Taylor was hired by Ken Olsen of Digital Equipment Corporation , and formed the Systems Research Center in Palo Alto . Many of the former CSL researchers came to work at SRC . Among the projects at SRC were the Modula-3 programming language ; the snoopy cache , used in the Firefly multiprocessor workstation ; the first multi-threaded Unix system ; the first User Interface editor ; the AltaVista search engine and a networked Window System .",
"title": "DEC SRC"
},
{
"text": " Taylor retired from DEC in 1996 . Following his divorce ( coinciding with his departure from Xerox ) , he lived in a secluded house in Woodside , California . In 2000 , he voiced two concerns about the future of the Internet : control and access . In his words :",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": "There are many worse ways of endangering a larger number of people on the Internet than on the highway . Its possible for people to generate networks that reproduce themselves and are very difficult or impossible to kill off . I want everyone to have the right to use it , but theres got to be some way to insure responsibility.Will it be freely available to everyone ? If not , it will be a big disappointment .",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": " On April 13 , 2017 , he died at his home in Woodside , California . His son said he had suffered from Parkinsons disease and other health problems .",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": "In 1984 , Taylor , Butler Lampson , and Charles P . Thacker received the ACM Software Systems Award for conceiving and guiding the development of the Xerox Alto System demonstrating that a distributed personal computer system can provide a desirable and practical alternative to time-sharing . In 1994 , all three were named ACM Fellows in recognition of the same work . In 1999 , Taylor received a National Medal of Technology and Innovation . The citation read For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology , including computer networks , the personal computer and the graphical",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "user interface .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 , the National Academy of Engineering awarded him along with Lampson , Thacker and Alan Kay their highest award , the Draper Prize . The citation reads : for the vision , conception , and development of the first practical networked personal computers . In 2013 , the Computer History Museum named him a Museum Fellow , for his leadership in the development of computer networking , online information and communications systems , and modern personal computing .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(computer_scientist)#P108#4
|
Which employer did Robert Taylor (computer scientist) work for in Nov 1971?
|
Robert Taylor ( computer scientist ) Robert William Taylor ( February 10 , 1932 – April 13 , 2017 ) , known as Bob Taylor , was an American Internet pioneer , who led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer , and other related technologies . He was director of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office from 1965 through 1969 , founder and later manager of Xerox PARCs Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983 , and founder and manager of Digital Equipment Corporations Systems Research Center until 1996 . Uniquely , Taylor had no formal academic training or research experience in computer science ; Severo Ornstein likened Taylor to a concert pianist without fingers , a perception reaffirmed by historian Leslie Berlin : Taylor could hear a faint melody in the distance , but he could not play it himself . He knew whether to move up or down the scale to approximate the sound , he could recognize when a note was wrong , but he needed someone else to make the music . His awards include the National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the Draper Prize . Taylor was known for his high-level vision : The Internet is not about technology ; its about communication . The Internet connects people who have shared interests , ideas and needs , regardless of geography . Early life . Robert W . Taylor was born in Dallas , Texas , in 1932 . His adoptive father , Rev . Raymond Taylor , was a Methodist minister who held degrees from Southern Methodist University , the University of Texas at Austin and Yale Divinity School . The family ( including Taylors adoptive mother , Audrey ) was highly itinerant during Taylors childhood , moving from parish to parish . Having skipped several grades as a result of his enrollment in an experimental school , he began his higher education at Southern Methodist University at the age of 16 in 1948 ; while there , he was not a serious student but had a good time . Taylor then served a stint in the United States Naval Reserve during the Korean War ( 1952–1954 ) at Naval Air Station Dallas before returning to his studies at the University of Texas at Austin under the GI Bill . At UT he was a professional student , taking courses for pleasure . In 1957 , he earned an undergraduate degree in experimental psychology from the institution with minors in mathematics , philosophy , English and religion . He subsequently earned a masters degree in psychology from Texas in 1959 before electing not to pursue a PhD in the field . Reflecting his background in experimental psychology and mathematics , he completed research in neuroscience , psychoacoustics and the auditory nervous system as a graduate student . According to Taylor , I had a teaching assistantship in the department , and they were urging me to get a PhD , but to get a PhD in psychology in those days , maybe still today , you have to qualify and take courses in abnormal psychology , social psychology , clinical psychology , child psychology , none of which I was interested in . Those are all sort of in the softer regions of psychology . Theyre not very scientific , theyre not very rigorous . I was interested in physiological psychology , in psychoacoustics or the portion of psychology which deals with science , the nervous system , things that are more like applied physics and biology , really , than they are what normally people think of when they think of psychology . So I didnt want to waste time taking courses in those other areas and so I said Im not going to get a PhD . After leaving Texas , Taylor taught math and coached basketball for a year at Howey Academy , a co-ed prep school in Florida . I had a wonderful time but was very poor , with a second child — who turned out to be twins — on the way , he recalled . Taylor took engineering jobs with aircraft companies at better salaries . He helped to design the MGM-31 Pershing as a senior systems engineer for defense contractor Martin Marietta ( 1960–1961 ) in Orlando , Florida . In 1962 , after submitting a research proposal for a flight control simulation display , he was invited to join NASAs Office of Advanced Research and Technology as a program manager assigned to the manned flight control and display division . Computer career . Taylor worked for NASA in Washington , D.C . while the Kennedy administration was backing research and development projects such as the Apollo program for a manned moon landing . In late 1962 Taylor met J . C . R . Licklider , who was heading the new Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) of the Advanced Research Project Agency ( ARPA ) of the United States Department of Defense . Like Taylor , Licklider had specialized in psychoacoustics during his graduate studies . In March 1960 , he published Man-Computer Symbiosis , an article that envisioned new ways to use computers . This work was an influential roadmap in the history of the internet and the personal computer , and greatly influenced Taylor . During this period , Taylor also became acquainted with Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park , California . He directed NASA funding to Engelbarts studies of computer-display technology at SRI that led to the computer mouse . The public demonstration of a mouse-based user interface was later called the Mother of All Demos . At the Fall 1968 Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco , Engelbart , Bill English , Jeff Rulifson and the rest of the Human Augmentation Research Center team at SRI showed on a big screen how he could manipulate a computer remotely located in Menlo Park , while sitting on a San Francisco stage , using his mouse . ARPA . In 1965 , Taylor moved from NASA to IPTO , first as a deputy to Ivan Sutherland ( who returned to academia shortly thereafter ) to fund large programs in advanced research in computing at major universities and corporate research centers throughout the United States . Among the computer projects that ARPA supported was time-sharing , in which many users could work at terminals to share a single large computer . Users could work interactively instead of using punched cards or punched tape in a batch processing style . Taylors office in the Pentagon had a terminal connected to time-sharing at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a terminal connected to the Berkeley Timesharing System at the University of California , Berkeley , and a third terminal to the System Development Corporation in Santa Monica , California . He noticed each system developed a community of users , but was isolated from the other communities . Taylor hoped to build a computer network to connect the ARPA-sponsored projects together , if nothing else , to let him communicate to all of them through one terminal . By June 1966 , Taylor had been named director of IPTO ; in this capacity , he shepherded the ARPANET project until 1969 . Taylor had convinced ARPA director Charles M . Herzfeld to fund a network project earlier in February 1966 , and Herzfeld transferred a million dollars from a ballistic missile defense program to Taylors budget . Taylor hired Larry Roberts from MIT Lincoln Laboratory to be its first program manager . Roberts first resisted moving to Washington DC , until Herzfeld reminded the director of Lincoln Laboratory that ARPA dominated its funding . Licklider continued to provide guidance , and Wesley A . Clark suggested the use of a dedicated computer , called the Interface Message Processor at each node of the network instead of centralized control . At the 1967 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles , a member of Donald Davies team ( Roger Scantlebury ) presented their research on packet switching and suggested it for use in the ARPANET . ARPA issued a request for quotation ( RFQ ) to build the system , which was awarded to Bolt , Beranek and Newman ( BBN ) . ATT Bell Labs and IBM Research were invited to join , but were not interested . At a pivotal meeting in 1967 most participants resisted testing the new network ; they thought it would slow down their research . In 1968 , Licklider and Taylor published The Computer as a Communication Device . The article laid out the future of what the Internet would eventually become . It began with a prophetic statement : In a few years , men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face . Beginning in 1967 , Taylor was sent by ARPA to investigate inconsistent reports coming from the Vietnam War . Only 35 years old , he was given an identification card with the military rank equivalent to his civilian position ( brigadier general ) , thus ensuring protection under the Geneva convention if he were captured . Over the course of several trips to the area , he established a computer center at the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam base in Saigon . In his words : After that the White House got a single report rather than several . That pleased them ; whether the data was any more correct or not , I dont know , but at least it was more consistent . The Vietnam project took him away from directing research , and by 1969 I knew ARPANET would work . So I wanted to leave . The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency and ongoing tensions with Roberts ( who , despite maintaining a putatively cordial relationship with Taylor , resented his lack of research experience and appointment to the IPTO directorship ) also factored in his decision to leave ARPA . For about a year , he joined Sutherland and David C . Evans at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City , where he had funded a center for research on computer graphics while at ARPA . Unable to acclimate to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints-dominated milieu , Taylor moved to Palo Alto , California in 1970 to become associate manager of the Computer Science Laboratory ( CSL ) at Xerox Corporations new Palo Alto Research Center . Xerox . Although Taylor played an integral role in recruiting scientists for the laboratory from the ARPA network , physicist and Xerox PARC director George Pake felt that he was an unsuitable candidate to manage the group because he lacked a relevant doctorate and subsequent experience in academic research . While Taylor eschewed a Pake-proposed research program in computer graphics in favor of largely administering the day-to-day operations of the laboratory from its inception , he acquiesced to the appointment of BBN scientist and ARPA network acquaintance Jerome I . Elkind as titular CSL manager in 1971 . Technologies developed at PARC under Taylors aegis focused on reaching beyond ARPANET to develop what has become the Internet , and the systems that support todays personal computers . They included : - Powerful personal computers ( including the Xerox Alto and later D-machines ) with windowed displays and graphical user interfaces that inspired the Apple Lisa and Macintosh . The Computer Science Laboratory built the Alto , which was conceived by Butler Lampson and designed mostly by Charles P . Thacker , Edward M . McCreight , Bob Sproull and David Boggs . The Learning Research Group of PARCs Systems Science Laboratory ( led by Alan Kay ) added the software-based desktop metaphor . - Ethernet , which networks local computers within a building or campus ; and the first Internet , a network that connected the Ethernet to the ARPANET utilizing PUP ( PARC Universal Protocol ) , forerunner to TCP/IP . It was primarily designed by Robert Metcalfe , Boggs , Thacker and Lampson . - The electronics and software that led to the laser printer ( spearheaded by optical engineer Gary Starkweather , who transferred from Xeroxs Webster , New York laboratory to work with CSL ) and the Interpress page description language that allowed John Warnock and Chuck Geschke to found Adobe Systems . - What-you-see-is-what-you-get ( WYSIWYG ) word-processing programs , as exemplified by Bravo , which Charles Simonyi took to Microsoft to serve as the basis for Microsoft Word . - SuperPaint , a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup . The software was written in consultation with future Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith , who could not secure an appointment at PARC and was retained as an independent contractor . Although Shoup received a special Emmy Award ( shared with Xerox ) in 1983 and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award ( shared with Smith and Thomas Porter ) in 1998 for his achievement , program development continued to be marginalized by PARC , ultimately precipitating Shoups departure in 1979 . Belying his lack of programming and engineering experience , Taylor was noted for his strident advocacy of Licklider-inspired distributed personal computing and his ability to maintain collegial and productive relationships between what was widely perceived as the foremost array of the epochs leading computer scientists . This was exemplified by a weekly staff meeting at PARC ( colloquially known as Dealer after Edward O . Thorps Beat the Dealer ) in which staff members would lead a discussion about myriad topics . They would sit in a circle of beanbag chairs and open debate was encouraged . According to Kay , the meeting was part of the larger ARPA community to learn how to argue to illuminate rather than merely to win . .. . The main purposes of Dealer -- as invented and implemented by Bob Taylor -- were to deal with how to make things work and make progress without having a formal manager structure . The presentations and argumentation were a small part of a deal session ( they did quite bother visiting Xeroids ) . It was quite rare for anything like a personal attack to happen ( because people for the most part came into PARC having been blessed by everyone there -- another Taylor rule -- and already knowing how to argue reasonably ) . Throughout his tenure at PARC , Taylor frequently clashed with Elkind ( who held budgetary responsibility for new projects but found his managerial authority undercut by Taylors intimate relationships with the research staff ) and Pake ( who did not countenance Taylors outsized influence in the laboratory and deprecatory attitude toward Xeroxs physics research program , then directly overseen by Pake ) ; as a result , he was not officially invited to the companys Futures Day demo ( marking the public premiere of the Alto ) in Boca Raton , Florida in 1977 . However , after one of Elkinds extended absences ( stemming from his ongoing involvement in other corporate and government projects ) , Taylor became the manager of the laboratory in early 1978 . In 1983 , physicist and integrated circuit specialist William J . Spencer became director of PARC . Spencer and Taylor disagreed about budget allocations for CSL ( exemplified by the ongoing institutional divide between computer science and physics ) and CSLs frustration with Xeroxs inability to recognize and use what they had developed . By the end of the year , Taylor and most of the researchers at CSL left Xerox . A coterie of leading computer scientists ( including Licklider , Donald Knuth and Dana Scott ) expressed their displeasure with Xeroxs decision not to retain Taylor in a letter-writing campaign to CEO David Kearns . DEC SRC . Taylor was hired by Ken Olsen of Digital Equipment Corporation , and formed the Systems Research Center in Palo Alto . Many of the former CSL researchers came to work at SRC . Among the projects at SRC were the Modula-3 programming language ; the snoopy cache , used in the Firefly multiprocessor workstation ; the first multi-threaded Unix system ; the first User Interface editor ; the AltaVista search engine and a networked Window System . Retirement and death . Taylor retired from DEC in 1996 . Following his divorce ( coinciding with his departure from Xerox ) , he lived in a secluded house in Woodside , California . In 2000 , he voiced two concerns about the future of the Internet : control and access . In his words : There are many worse ways of endangering a larger number of people on the Internet than on the highway . Its possible for people to generate networks that reproduce themselves and are very difficult or impossible to kill off . I want everyone to have the right to use it , but theres got to be some way to insure responsibility.Will it be freely available to everyone ? If not , it will be a big disappointment . On April 13 , 2017 , he died at his home in Woodside , California . His son said he had suffered from Parkinsons disease and other health problems . Awards . In 1984 , Taylor , Butler Lampson , and Charles P . Thacker received the ACM Software Systems Award for conceiving and guiding the development of the Xerox Alto System demonstrating that a distributed personal computer system can provide a desirable and practical alternative to time-sharing . In 1994 , all three were named ACM Fellows in recognition of the same work . In 1999 , Taylor received a National Medal of Technology and Innovation . The citation read For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology , including computer networks , the personal computer and the graphical user interface . In 2004 , the National Academy of Engineering awarded him along with Lampson , Thacker and Alan Kay their highest award , the Draper Prize . The citation reads : for the vision , conception , and development of the first practical networked personal computers . In 2013 , the Computer History Museum named him a Museum Fellow , for his leadership in the development of computer networking , online information and communications systems , and modern personal computing .
|
[
"Xerox Corporations"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert William Taylor ( February 10 , 1932 – April 13 , 2017 ) , known as Bob Taylor , was an American Internet pioneer , who led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer , and other related technologies . He was director of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office from 1965 through 1969 , founder and later manager of Xerox PARCs Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983 , and founder and manager of Digital Equipment Corporations Systems Research Center until 1996 .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": "Uniquely , Taylor had no formal academic training or research experience in computer science ; Severo Ornstein likened Taylor to a concert pianist without fingers , a perception reaffirmed by historian Leslie Berlin : Taylor could hear a faint melody in the distance , but he could not play it himself . He knew whether to move up or down the scale to approximate the sound , he could recognize when a note was wrong , but he needed someone else to make the music .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": " His awards include the National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the Draper Prize . Taylor was known for his high-level vision : The Internet is not about technology ; its about communication . The Internet connects people who have shared interests , ideas and needs , regardless of geography .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": "Robert W . Taylor was born in Dallas , Texas , in 1932 . His adoptive father , Rev . Raymond Taylor , was a Methodist minister who held degrees from Southern Methodist University , the University of Texas at Austin and Yale Divinity School . The family ( including Taylors adoptive mother , Audrey ) was highly itinerant during Taylors childhood , moving from parish to parish . Having skipped several grades as a result of his enrollment in an experimental school , he began his higher education at Southern Methodist University at the age of 16 in 1948",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "; while there , he was not a serious student but had a good time .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Taylor then served a stint in the United States Naval Reserve during the Korean War ( 1952–1954 ) at Naval Air Station Dallas before returning to his studies at the University of Texas at Austin under the GI Bill . At UT he was a professional student , taking courses for pleasure . In 1957 , he earned an undergraduate degree in experimental psychology from the institution with minors in mathematics , philosophy , English and religion .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "He subsequently earned a masters degree in psychology from Texas in 1959 before electing not to pursue a PhD in the field . Reflecting his background in experimental psychology and mathematics , he completed research in neuroscience , psychoacoustics and the auditory nervous system as a graduate student . According to Taylor , I had a teaching assistantship in the department , and they were urging me to get a PhD , but to get a PhD in psychology in those days , maybe still today , you have to qualify and take courses in abnormal psychology , social psychology",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ", clinical psychology , child psychology , none of which I was interested in . Those are all sort of in the softer regions of psychology . Theyre not very scientific , theyre not very rigorous . I was interested in physiological psychology , in psychoacoustics or the portion of psychology which deals with science , the nervous system , things that are more like applied physics and biology , really , than they are what normally people think of when they think of psychology . So I didnt want to waste time taking courses in those other areas and",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "so I said Im not going to get a PhD .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After leaving Texas , Taylor taught math and coached basketball for a year at Howey Academy , a co-ed prep school in Florida . I had a wonderful time but was very poor , with a second child — who turned out to be twins — on the way , he recalled . Taylor took engineering jobs with aircraft companies at better salaries . He helped to design the MGM-31 Pershing as a senior systems engineer for defense contractor Martin Marietta ( 1960–1961 ) in Orlando , Florida .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1962 , after submitting a research proposal for a flight control simulation display , he was invited to join NASAs Office of Advanced Research and Technology as a program manager assigned to the manned flight control and display division .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Taylor worked for NASA in Washington , D.C . while the Kennedy administration was backing research and development projects such as the Apollo program for a manned moon landing . In late 1962 Taylor met J . C . R . Licklider , who was heading the new Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) of the Advanced Research Project Agency ( ARPA ) of the United States Department of Defense . Like Taylor , Licklider had specialized in psychoacoustics during his graduate studies . In March 1960 , he published Man-Computer Symbiosis , an article that envisioned new ways",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "to use computers . This work was an influential roadmap in the history of the internet and the personal computer , and greatly influenced Taylor .",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "During this period , Taylor also became acquainted with Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park , California . He directed NASA funding to Engelbarts studies of computer-display technology at SRI that led to the computer mouse . The public demonstration of a mouse-based user interface was later called the Mother of All Demos . At the Fall 1968 Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco , Engelbart , Bill English , Jeff Rulifson and the rest of the Human Augmentation Research Center team at SRI showed on a big screen how he could manipulate a computer remotely",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "located in Menlo Park , while sitting on a San Francisco stage , using his mouse .",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 , Taylor moved from NASA to IPTO , first as a deputy to Ivan Sutherland ( who returned to academia shortly thereafter ) to fund large programs in advanced research in computing at major universities and corporate research centers throughout the United States . Among the computer projects that ARPA supported was time-sharing , in which many users could work at terminals to share a single large computer . Users could work interactively instead of using punched cards or punched tape in a batch processing style . Taylors office in the Pentagon had a terminal connected to time-sharing",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a terminal connected to the Berkeley Timesharing System at the University of California , Berkeley , and a third terminal to the System Development Corporation in Santa Monica , California . He noticed each system developed a community of users , but was isolated from the other communities .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Taylor hoped to build a computer network to connect the ARPA-sponsored projects together , if nothing else , to let him communicate to all of them through one terminal . By June 1966 , Taylor had been named director of IPTO ; in this capacity , he shepherded the ARPANET project until 1969 . Taylor had convinced ARPA director Charles M . Herzfeld to fund a network project earlier in February 1966 , and Herzfeld transferred a million dollars from a ballistic missile defense program to Taylors budget . Taylor hired Larry Roberts from MIT Lincoln Laboratory to be its",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "first program manager . Roberts first resisted moving to Washington DC , until Herzfeld reminded the director of Lincoln Laboratory that ARPA dominated its funding . Licklider continued to provide guidance , and Wesley A . Clark suggested the use of a dedicated computer , called the Interface Message Processor at each node of the network instead of centralized control . At the 1967 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles , a member of Donald Davies team ( Roger Scantlebury ) presented their research on packet switching and suggested it for use in the ARPANET . ARPA issued a request for",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "quotation ( RFQ ) to build the system , which was awarded to Bolt , Beranek and Newman ( BBN ) . ATT Bell Labs and IBM Research were invited to join , but were not interested . At a pivotal meeting in 1967 most participants resisted testing the new network ; they thought it would slow down their research .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " In 1968 , Licklider and Taylor published The Computer as a Communication Device . The article laid out the future of what the Internet would eventually become . It began with a prophetic statement : In a few years , men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1967 , Taylor was sent by ARPA to investigate inconsistent reports coming from the Vietnam War . Only 35 years old , he was given an identification card with the military rank equivalent to his civilian position ( brigadier general ) , thus ensuring protection under the Geneva convention if he were captured . Over the course of several trips to the area , he established a computer center at the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam base in Saigon . In his words : After that the White House got a single report rather than several . That",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "pleased them ; whether the data was any more correct or not , I dont know , but at least it was more consistent . The Vietnam project took him away from directing research , and by 1969 I knew ARPANET would work . So I wanted to leave .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency and ongoing tensions with Roberts ( who , despite maintaining a putatively cordial relationship with Taylor , resented his lack of research experience and appointment to the IPTO directorship ) also factored in his decision to leave ARPA . For about a year , he joined Sutherland and David C . Evans at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City , where he had funded a center for research on computer graphics while at ARPA .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Unable to acclimate to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints-dominated milieu , Taylor moved to Palo Alto , California in 1970 to become associate manager of the Computer Science Laboratory ( CSL ) at Xerox Corporations new Palo Alto Research Center .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " Although Taylor played an integral role in recruiting scientists for the laboratory from the ARPA network , physicist and Xerox PARC director George Pake felt that he was an unsuitable candidate to manage the group because he lacked a relevant doctorate and subsequent experience in academic research . While Taylor eschewed a Pake-proposed research program in computer graphics in favor of largely administering the day-to-day operations of the laboratory from its inception , he acquiesced to the appointment of BBN scientist and ARPA network acquaintance Jerome I . Elkind as titular CSL manager in 1971 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Technologies developed at PARC under Taylors aegis focused on reaching beyond ARPANET to develop what has become the Internet , and the systems that support todays personal computers . They included :",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " - Powerful personal computers ( including the Xerox Alto and later D-machines ) with windowed displays and graphical user interfaces that inspired the Apple Lisa and Macintosh . The Computer Science Laboratory built the Alto , which was conceived by Butler Lampson and designed mostly by Charles P . Thacker , Edward M . McCreight , Bob Sproull and David Boggs . The Learning Research Group of PARCs Systems Science Laboratory ( led by Alan Kay ) added the software-based desktop metaphor .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "- Ethernet , which networks local computers within a building or campus ; and the first Internet , a network that connected the Ethernet to the ARPANET utilizing PUP ( PARC Universal Protocol ) , forerunner to TCP/IP . It was primarily designed by Robert Metcalfe , Boggs , Thacker and Lampson .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " - The electronics and software that led to the laser printer ( spearheaded by optical engineer Gary Starkweather , who transferred from Xeroxs Webster , New York laboratory to work with CSL ) and the Interpress page description language that allowed John Warnock and Chuck Geschke to found Adobe Systems . - What-you-see-is-what-you-get ( WYSIWYG ) word-processing programs , as exemplified by Bravo , which Charles Simonyi took to Microsoft to serve as the basis for Microsoft Word .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "- SuperPaint , a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup . The software was written in consultation with future Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith , who could not secure an appointment at PARC and was retained as an independent contractor . Although Shoup received a special Emmy Award ( shared with Xerox ) in 1983 and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award ( shared with Smith and Thomas Porter ) in 1998 for his achievement , program development continued to be marginalized by PARC , ultimately precipitating Shoups departure in 1979 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Belying his lack of programming and engineering experience , Taylor was noted for his strident advocacy of Licklider-inspired distributed personal computing and his ability to maintain collegial and productive relationships between what was widely perceived as the foremost array of the epochs leading computer scientists . This was exemplified by a weekly staff meeting at PARC ( colloquially known as Dealer after Edward O . Thorps Beat the Dealer ) in which staff members would lead a discussion about myriad topics . They would sit in a circle of beanbag chairs and open debate was encouraged . According to Kay",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": ", the meeting was part of the larger ARPA community to learn how to argue to illuminate rather than merely to win . .. . The main purposes of Dealer -- as invented and implemented by Bob Taylor -- were to deal with how to make things work and make progress without having a formal manager structure . The presentations and argumentation were a small part of a deal session ( they did quite bother visiting Xeroids ) . It was quite rare for anything like a personal attack to happen ( because people for the most part came into",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "PARC having been blessed by everyone there -- another Taylor rule -- and already knowing how to argue reasonably ) .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Throughout his tenure at PARC , Taylor frequently clashed with Elkind ( who held budgetary responsibility for new projects but found his managerial authority undercut by Taylors intimate relationships with the research staff ) and Pake ( who did not countenance Taylors outsized influence in the laboratory and deprecatory attitude toward Xeroxs physics research program , then directly overseen by Pake ) ; as a result , he was not officially invited to the companys Futures Day demo ( marking the public premiere of the Alto ) in Boca Raton , Florida in 1977 . However , after one of",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Elkinds extended absences ( stemming from his ongoing involvement in other corporate and government projects ) , Taylor became the manager of the laboratory in early 1978 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "In 1983 , physicist and integrated circuit specialist William J . Spencer became director of PARC . Spencer and Taylor disagreed about budget allocations for CSL ( exemplified by the ongoing institutional divide between computer science and physics ) and CSLs frustration with Xeroxs inability to recognize and use what they had developed . By the end of the year , Taylor and most of the researchers at CSL left Xerox . A coterie of leading computer scientists ( including Licklider , Donald Knuth and Dana Scott ) expressed their displeasure with Xeroxs decision not to retain Taylor in a",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "letter-writing campaign to CEO David Kearns .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " Taylor was hired by Ken Olsen of Digital Equipment Corporation , and formed the Systems Research Center in Palo Alto . Many of the former CSL researchers came to work at SRC . Among the projects at SRC were the Modula-3 programming language ; the snoopy cache , used in the Firefly multiprocessor workstation ; the first multi-threaded Unix system ; the first User Interface editor ; the AltaVista search engine and a networked Window System .",
"title": "DEC SRC"
},
{
"text": " Taylor retired from DEC in 1996 . Following his divorce ( coinciding with his departure from Xerox ) , he lived in a secluded house in Woodside , California . In 2000 , he voiced two concerns about the future of the Internet : control and access . In his words :",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": "There are many worse ways of endangering a larger number of people on the Internet than on the highway . Its possible for people to generate networks that reproduce themselves and are very difficult or impossible to kill off . I want everyone to have the right to use it , but theres got to be some way to insure responsibility.Will it be freely available to everyone ? If not , it will be a big disappointment .",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": " On April 13 , 2017 , he died at his home in Woodside , California . His son said he had suffered from Parkinsons disease and other health problems .",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": "In 1984 , Taylor , Butler Lampson , and Charles P . Thacker received the ACM Software Systems Award for conceiving and guiding the development of the Xerox Alto System demonstrating that a distributed personal computer system can provide a desirable and practical alternative to time-sharing . In 1994 , all three were named ACM Fellows in recognition of the same work . In 1999 , Taylor received a National Medal of Technology and Innovation . The citation read For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology , including computer networks , the personal computer and the graphical",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "user interface .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 , the National Academy of Engineering awarded him along with Lampson , Thacker and Alan Kay their highest award , the Draper Prize . The citation reads : for the vision , conception , and development of the first practical networked personal computers . In 2013 , the Computer History Museum named him a Museum Fellow , for his leadership in the development of computer networking , online information and communications systems , and modern personal computing .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(computer_scientist)#P108#5
|
Which employer did Robert Taylor (computer scientist) work for in Feb 1983?
|
Robert Taylor ( computer scientist ) Robert William Taylor ( February 10 , 1932 – April 13 , 2017 ) , known as Bob Taylor , was an American Internet pioneer , who led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer , and other related technologies . He was director of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office from 1965 through 1969 , founder and later manager of Xerox PARCs Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983 , and founder and manager of Digital Equipment Corporations Systems Research Center until 1996 . Uniquely , Taylor had no formal academic training or research experience in computer science ; Severo Ornstein likened Taylor to a concert pianist without fingers , a perception reaffirmed by historian Leslie Berlin : Taylor could hear a faint melody in the distance , but he could not play it himself . He knew whether to move up or down the scale to approximate the sound , he could recognize when a note was wrong , but he needed someone else to make the music . His awards include the National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the Draper Prize . Taylor was known for his high-level vision : The Internet is not about technology ; its about communication . The Internet connects people who have shared interests , ideas and needs , regardless of geography . Early life . Robert W . Taylor was born in Dallas , Texas , in 1932 . His adoptive father , Rev . Raymond Taylor , was a Methodist minister who held degrees from Southern Methodist University , the University of Texas at Austin and Yale Divinity School . The family ( including Taylors adoptive mother , Audrey ) was highly itinerant during Taylors childhood , moving from parish to parish . Having skipped several grades as a result of his enrollment in an experimental school , he began his higher education at Southern Methodist University at the age of 16 in 1948 ; while there , he was not a serious student but had a good time . Taylor then served a stint in the United States Naval Reserve during the Korean War ( 1952–1954 ) at Naval Air Station Dallas before returning to his studies at the University of Texas at Austin under the GI Bill . At UT he was a professional student , taking courses for pleasure . In 1957 , he earned an undergraduate degree in experimental psychology from the institution with minors in mathematics , philosophy , English and religion . He subsequently earned a masters degree in psychology from Texas in 1959 before electing not to pursue a PhD in the field . Reflecting his background in experimental psychology and mathematics , he completed research in neuroscience , psychoacoustics and the auditory nervous system as a graduate student . According to Taylor , I had a teaching assistantship in the department , and they were urging me to get a PhD , but to get a PhD in psychology in those days , maybe still today , you have to qualify and take courses in abnormal psychology , social psychology , clinical psychology , child psychology , none of which I was interested in . Those are all sort of in the softer regions of psychology . Theyre not very scientific , theyre not very rigorous . I was interested in physiological psychology , in psychoacoustics or the portion of psychology which deals with science , the nervous system , things that are more like applied physics and biology , really , than they are what normally people think of when they think of psychology . So I didnt want to waste time taking courses in those other areas and so I said Im not going to get a PhD . After leaving Texas , Taylor taught math and coached basketball for a year at Howey Academy , a co-ed prep school in Florida . I had a wonderful time but was very poor , with a second child — who turned out to be twins — on the way , he recalled . Taylor took engineering jobs with aircraft companies at better salaries . He helped to design the MGM-31 Pershing as a senior systems engineer for defense contractor Martin Marietta ( 1960–1961 ) in Orlando , Florida . In 1962 , after submitting a research proposal for a flight control simulation display , he was invited to join NASAs Office of Advanced Research and Technology as a program manager assigned to the manned flight control and display division . Computer career . Taylor worked for NASA in Washington , D.C . while the Kennedy administration was backing research and development projects such as the Apollo program for a manned moon landing . In late 1962 Taylor met J . C . R . Licklider , who was heading the new Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) of the Advanced Research Project Agency ( ARPA ) of the United States Department of Defense . Like Taylor , Licklider had specialized in psychoacoustics during his graduate studies . In March 1960 , he published Man-Computer Symbiosis , an article that envisioned new ways to use computers . This work was an influential roadmap in the history of the internet and the personal computer , and greatly influenced Taylor . During this period , Taylor also became acquainted with Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park , California . He directed NASA funding to Engelbarts studies of computer-display technology at SRI that led to the computer mouse . The public demonstration of a mouse-based user interface was later called the Mother of All Demos . At the Fall 1968 Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco , Engelbart , Bill English , Jeff Rulifson and the rest of the Human Augmentation Research Center team at SRI showed on a big screen how he could manipulate a computer remotely located in Menlo Park , while sitting on a San Francisco stage , using his mouse . ARPA . In 1965 , Taylor moved from NASA to IPTO , first as a deputy to Ivan Sutherland ( who returned to academia shortly thereafter ) to fund large programs in advanced research in computing at major universities and corporate research centers throughout the United States . Among the computer projects that ARPA supported was time-sharing , in which many users could work at terminals to share a single large computer . Users could work interactively instead of using punched cards or punched tape in a batch processing style . Taylors office in the Pentagon had a terminal connected to time-sharing at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a terminal connected to the Berkeley Timesharing System at the University of California , Berkeley , and a third terminal to the System Development Corporation in Santa Monica , California . He noticed each system developed a community of users , but was isolated from the other communities . Taylor hoped to build a computer network to connect the ARPA-sponsored projects together , if nothing else , to let him communicate to all of them through one terminal . By June 1966 , Taylor had been named director of IPTO ; in this capacity , he shepherded the ARPANET project until 1969 . Taylor had convinced ARPA director Charles M . Herzfeld to fund a network project earlier in February 1966 , and Herzfeld transferred a million dollars from a ballistic missile defense program to Taylors budget . Taylor hired Larry Roberts from MIT Lincoln Laboratory to be its first program manager . Roberts first resisted moving to Washington DC , until Herzfeld reminded the director of Lincoln Laboratory that ARPA dominated its funding . Licklider continued to provide guidance , and Wesley A . Clark suggested the use of a dedicated computer , called the Interface Message Processor at each node of the network instead of centralized control . At the 1967 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles , a member of Donald Davies team ( Roger Scantlebury ) presented their research on packet switching and suggested it for use in the ARPANET . ARPA issued a request for quotation ( RFQ ) to build the system , which was awarded to Bolt , Beranek and Newman ( BBN ) . ATT Bell Labs and IBM Research were invited to join , but were not interested . At a pivotal meeting in 1967 most participants resisted testing the new network ; they thought it would slow down their research . In 1968 , Licklider and Taylor published The Computer as a Communication Device . The article laid out the future of what the Internet would eventually become . It began with a prophetic statement : In a few years , men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face . Beginning in 1967 , Taylor was sent by ARPA to investigate inconsistent reports coming from the Vietnam War . Only 35 years old , he was given an identification card with the military rank equivalent to his civilian position ( brigadier general ) , thus ensuring protection under the Geneva convention if he were captured . Over the course of several trips to the area , he established a computer center at the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam base in Saigon . In his words : After that the White House got a single report rather than several . That pleased them ; whether the data was any more correct or not , I dont know , but at least it was more consistent . The Vietnam project took him away from directing research , and by 1969 I knew ARPANET would work . So I wanted to leave . The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency and ongoing tensions with Roberts ( who , despite maintaining a putatively cordial relationship with Taylor , resented his lack of research experience and appointment to the IPTO directorship ) also factored in his decision to leave ARPA . For about a year , he joined Sutherland and David C . Evans at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City , where he had funded a center for research on computer graphics while at ARPA . Unable to acclimate to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints-dominated milieu , Taylor moved to Palo Alto , California in 1970 to become associate manager of the Computer Science Laboratory ( CSL ) at Xerox Corporations new Palo Alto Research Center . Xerox . Although Taylor played an integral role in recruiting scientists for the laboratory from the ARPA network , physicist and Xerox PARC director George Pake felt that he was an unsuitable candidate to manage the group because he lacked a relevant doctorate and subsequent experience in academic research . While Taylor eschewed a Pake-proposed research program in computer graphics in favor of largely administering the day-to-day operations of the laboratory from its inception , he acquiesced to the appointment of BBN scientist and ARPA network acquaintance Jerome I . Elkind as titular CSL manager in 1971 . Technologies developed at PARC under Taylors aegis focused on reaching beyond ARPANET to develop what has become the Internet , and the systems that support todays personal computers . They included : - Powerful personal computers ( including the Xerox Alto and later D-machines ) with windowed displays and graphical user interfaces that inspired the Apple Lisa and Macintosh . The Computer Science Laboratory built the Alto , which was conceived by Butler Lampson and designed mostly by Charles P . Thacker , Edward M . McCreight , Bob Sproull and David Boggs . The Learning Research Group of PARCs Systems Science Laboratory ( led by Alan Kay ) added the software-based desktop metaphor . - Ethernet , which networks local computers within a building or campus ; and the first Internet , a network that connected the Ethernet to the ARPANET utilizing PUP ( PARC Universal Protocol ) , forerunner to TCP/IP . It was primarily designed by Robert Metcalfe , Boggs , Thacker and Lampson . - The electronics and software that led to the laser printer ( spearheaded by optical engineer Gary Starkweather , who transferred from Xeroxs Webster , New York laboratory to work with CSL ) and the Interpress page description language that allowed John Warnock and Chuck Geschke to found Adobe Systems . - What-you-see-is-what-you-get ( WYSIWYG ) word-processing programs , as exemplified by Bravo , which Charles Simonyi took to Microsoft to serve as the basis for Microsoft Word . - SuperPaint , a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup . The software was written in consultation with future Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith , who could not secure an appointment at PARC and was retained as an independent contractor . Although Shoup received a special Emmy Award ( shared with Xerox ) in 1983 and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award ( shared with Smith and Thomas Porter ) in 1998 for his achievement , program development continued to be marginalized by PARC , ultimately precipitating Shoups departure in 1979 . Belying his lack of programming and engineering experience , Taylor was noted for his strident advocacy of Licklider-inspired distributed personal computing and his ability to maintain collegial and productive relationships between what was widely perceived as the foremost array of the epochs leading computer scientists . This was exemplified by a weekly staff meeting at PARC ( colloquially known as Dealer after Edward O . Thorps Beat the Dealer ) in which staff members would lead a discussion about myriad topics . They would sit in a circle of beanbag chairs and open debate was encouraged . According to Kay , the meeting was part of the larger ARPA community to learn how to argue to illuminate rather than merely to win . .. . The main purposes of Dealer -- as invented and implemented by Bob Taylor -- were to deal with how to make things work and make progress without having a formal manager structure . The presentations and argumentation were a small part of a deal session ( they did quite bother visiting Xeroids ) . It was quite rare for anything like a personal attack to happen ( because people for the most part came into PARC having been blessed by everyone there -- another Taylor rule -- and already knowing how to argue reasonably ) . Throughout his tenure at PARC , Taylor frequently clashed with Elkind ( who held budgetary responsibility for new projects but found his managerial authority undercut by Taylors intimate relationships with the research staff ) and Pake ( who did not countenance Taylors outsized influence in the laboratory and deprecatory attitude toward Xeroxs physics research program , then directly overseen by Pake ) ; as a result , he was not officially invited to the companys Futures Day demo ( marking the public premiere of the Alto ) in Boca Raton , Florida in 1977 . However , after one of Elkinds extended absences ( stemming from his ongoing involvement in other corporate and government projects ) , Taylor became the manager of the laboratory in early 1978 . In 1983 , physicist and integrated circuit specialist William J . Spencer became director of PARC . Spencer and Taylor disagreed about budget allocations for CSL ( exemplified by the ongoing institutional divide between computer science and physics ) and CSLs frustration with Xeroxs inability to recognize and use what they had developed . By the end of the year , Taylor and most of the researchers at CSL left Xerox . A coterie of leading computer scientists ( including Licklider , Donald Knuth and Dana Scott ) expressed their displeasure with Xeroxs decision not to retain Taylor in a letter-writing campaign to CEO David Kearns . DEC SRC . Taylor was hired by Ken Olsen of Digital Equipment Corporation , and formed the Systems Research Center in Palo Alto . Many of the former CSL researchers came to work at SRC . Among the projects at SRC were the Modula-3 programming language ; the snoopy cache , used in the Firefly multiprocessor workstation ; the first multi-threaded Unix system ; the first User Interface editor ; the AltaVista search engine and a networked Window System . Retirement and death . Taylor retired from DEC in 1996 . Following his divorce ( coinciding with his departure from Xerox ) , he lived in a secluded house in Woodside , California . In 2000 , he voiced two concerns about the future of the Internet : control and access . In his words : There are many worse ways of endangering a larger number of people on the Internet than on the highway . Its possible for people to generate networks that reproduce themselves and are very difficult or impossible to kill off . I want everyone to have the right to use it , but theres got to be some way to insure responsibility.Will it be freely available to everyone ? If not , it will be a big disappointment . On April 13 , 2017 , he died at his home in Woodside , California . His son said he had suffered from Parkinsons disease and other health problems . Awards . In 1984 , Taylor , Butler Lampson , and Charles P . Thacker received the ACM Software Systems Award for conceiving and guiding the development of the Xerox Alto System demonstrating that a distributed personal computer system can provide a desirable and practical alternative to time-sharing . In 1994 , all three were named ACM Fellows in recognition of the same work . In 1999 , Taylor received a National Medal of Technology and Innovation . The citation read For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology , including computer networks , the personal computer and the graphical user interface . In 2004 , the National Academy of Engineering awarded him along with Lampson , Thacker and Alan Kay their highest award , the Draper Prize . The citation reads : for the vision , conception , and development of the first practical networked personal computers . In 2013 , the Computer History Museum named him a Museum Fellow , for his leadership in the development of computer networking , online information and communications systems , and modern personal computing .
|
[
"Digital Equipment Corporation"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert William Taylor ( February 10 , 1932 – April 13 , 2017 ) , known as Bob Taylor , was an American Internet pioneer , who led teams that made major contributions to the personal computer , and other related technologies . He was director of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office from 1965 through 1969 , founder and later manager of Xerox PARCs Computer Science Laboratory from 1970 through 1983 , and founder and manager of Digital Equipment Corporations Systems Research Center until 1996 .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": "Uniquely , Taylor had no formal academic training or research experience in computer science ; Severo Ornstein likened Taylor to a concert pianist without fingers , a perception reaffirmed by historian Leslie Berlin : Taylor could hear a faint melody in the distance , but he could not play it himself . He knew whether to move up or down the scale to approximate the sound , he could recognize when a note was wrong , but he needed someone else to make the music .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": " His awards include the National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the Draper Prize . Taylor was known for his high-level vision : The Internet is not about technology ; its about communication . The Internet connects people who have shared interests , ideas and needs , regardless of geography .",
"title": "Robert Taylor ( computer scientist )"
},
{
"text": "Robert W . Taylor was born in Dallas , Texas , in 1932 . His adoptive father , Rev . Raymond Taylor , was a Methodist minister who held degrees from Southern Methodist University , the University of Texas at Austin and Yale Divinity School . The family ( including Taylors adoptive mother , Audrey ) was highly itinerant during Taylors childhood , moving from parish to parish . Having skipped several grades as a result of his enrollment in an experimental school , he began his higher education at Southern Methodist University at the age of 16 in 1948",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "; while there , he was not a serious student but had a good time .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Taylor then served a stint in the United States Naval Reserve during the Korean War ( 1952–1954 ) at Naval Air Station Dallas before returning to his studies at the University of Texas at Austin under the GI Bill . At UT he was a professional student , taking courses for pleasure . In 1957 , he earned an undergraduate degree in experimental psychology from the institution with minors in mathematics , philosophy , English and religion .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "He subsequently earned a masters degree in psychology from Texas in 1959 before electing not to pursue a PhD in the field . Reflecting his background in experimental psychology and mathematics , he completed research in neuroscience , psychoacoustics and the auditory nervous system as a graduate student . According to Taylor , I had a teaching assistantship in the department , and they were urging me to get a PhD , but to get a PhD in psychology in those days , maybe still today , you have to qualify and take courses in abnormal psychology , social psychology",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": ", clinical psychology , child psychology , none of which I was interested in . Those are all sort of in the softer regions of psychology . Theyre not very scientific , theyre not very rigorous . I was interested in physiological psychology , in psychoacoustics or the portion of psychology which deals with science , the nervous system , things that are more like applied physics and biology , really , than they are what normally people think of when they think of psychology . So I didnt want to waste time taking courses in those other areas and",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "so I said Im not going to get a PhD .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After leaving Texas , Taylor taught math and coached basketball for a year at Howey Academy , a co-ed prep school in Florida . I had a wonderful time but was very poor , with a second child — who turned out to be twins — on the way , he recalled . Taylor took engineering jobs with aircraft companies at better salaries . He helped to design the MGM-31 Pershing as a senior systems engineer for defense contractor Martin Marietta ( 1960–1961 ) in Orlando , Florida .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1962 , after submitting a research proposal for a flight control simulation display , he was invited to join NASAs Office of Advanced Research and Technology as a program manager assigned to the manned flight control and display division .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Taylor worked for NASA in Washington , D.C . while the Kennedy administration was backing research and development projects such as the Apollo program for a manned moon landing . In late 1962 Taylor met J . C . R . Licklider , who was heading the new Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) of the Advanced Research Project Agency ( ARPA ) of the United States Department of Defense . Like Taylor , Licklider had specialized in psychoacoustics during his graduate studies . In March 1960 , he published Man-Computer Symbiosis , an article that envisioned new ways",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "to use computers . This work was an influential roadmap in the history of the internet and the personal computer , and greatly influenced Taylor .",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "During this period , Taylor also became acquainted with Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park , California . He directed NASA funding to Engelbarts studies of computer-display technology at SRI that led to the computer mouse . The public demonstration of a mouse-based user interface was later called the Mother of All Demos . At the Fall 1968 Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco , Engelbart , Bill English , Jeff Rulifson and the rest of the Human Augmentation Research Center team at SRI showed on a big screen how he could manipulate a computer remotely",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "located in Menlo Park , while sitting on a San Francisco stage , using his mouse .",
"title": "Computer career"
},
{
"text": "In 1965 , Taylor moved from NASA to IPTO , first as a deputy to Ivan Sutherland ( who returned to academia shortly thereafter ) to fund large programs in advanced research in computing at major universities and corporate research centers throughout the United States . Among the computer projects that ARPA supported was time-sharing , in which many users could work at terminals to share a single large computer . Users could work interactively instead of using punched cards or punched tape in a batch processing style . Taylors office in the Pentagon had a terminal connected to time-sharing",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , a terminal connected to the Berkeley Timesharing System at the University of California , Berkeley , and a third terminal to the System Development Corporation in Santa Monica , California . He noticed each system developed a community of users , but was isolated from the other communities .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Taylor hoped to build a computer network to connect the ARPA-sponsored projects together , if nothing else , to let him communicate to all of them through one terminal . By June 1966 , Taylor had been named director of IPTO ; in this capacity , he shepherded the ARPANET project until 1969 . Taylor had convinced ARPA director Charles M . Herzfeld to fund a network project earlier in February 1966 , and Herzfeld transferred a million dollars from a ballistic missile defense program to Taylors budget . Taylor hired Larry Roberts from MIT Lincoln Laboratory to be its",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "first program manager . Roberts first resisted moving to Washington DC , until Herzfeld reminded the director of Lincoln Laboratory that ARPA dominated its funding . Licklider continued to provide guidance , and Wesley A . Clark suggested the use of a dedicated computer , called the Interface Message Processor at each node of the network instead of centralized control . At the 1967 Symposium on Operating Systems Principles , a member of Donald Davies team ( Roger Scantlebury ) presented their research on packet switching and suggested it for use in the ARPANET . ARPA issued a request for",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "quotation ( RFQ ) to build the system , which was awarded to Bolt , Beranek and Newman ( BBN ) . ATT Bell Labs and IBM Research were invited to join , but were not interested . At a pivotal meeting in 1967 most participants resisted testing the new network ; they thought it would slow down their research .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " In 1968 , Licklider and Taylor published The Computer as a Communication Device . The article laid out the future of what the Internet would eventually become . It began with a prophetic statement : In a few years , men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Beginning in 1967 , Taylor was sent by ARPA to investigate inconsistent reports coming from the Vietnam War . Only 35 years old , he was given an identification card with the military rank equivalent to his civilian position ( brigadier general ) , thus ensuring protection under the Geneva convention if he were captured . Over the course of several trips to the area , he established a computer center at the Military Assistance Command , Vietnam base in Saigon . In his words : After that the White House got a single report rather than several . That",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "pleased them ; whether the data was any more correct or not , I dont know , but at least it was more consistent . The Vietnam project took him away from directing research , and by 1969 I knew ARPANET would work . So I wanted to leave .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " The election of Richard Nixon to the presidency and ongoing tensions with Roberts ( who , despite maintaining a putatively cordial relationship with Taylor , resented his lack of research experience and appointment to the IPTO directorship ) also factored in his decision to leave ARPA . For about a year , he joined Sutherland and David C . Evans at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City , where he had funded a center for research on computer graphics while at ARPA .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": "Unable to acclimate to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints-dominated milieu , Taylor moved to Palo Alto , California in 1970 to become associate manager of the Computer Science Laboratory ( CSL ) at Xerox Corporations new Palo Alto Research Center .",
"title": "ARPA"
},
{
"text": " Although Taylor played an integral role in recruiting scientists for the laboratory from the ARPA network , physicist and Xerox PARC director George Pake felt that he was an unsuitable candidate to manage the group because he lacked a relevant doctorate and subsequent experience in academic research . While Taylor eschewed a Pake-proposed research program in computer graphics in favor of largely administering the day-to-day operations of the laboratory from its inception , he acquiesced to the appointment of BBN scientist and ARPA network acquaintance Jerome I . Elkind as titular CSL manager in 1971 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Technologies developed at PARC under Taylors aegis focused on reaching beyond ARPANET to develop what has become the Internet , and the systems that support todays personal computers . They included :",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " - Powerful personal computers ( including the Xerox Alto and later D-machines ) with windowed displays and graphical user interfaces that inspired the Apple Lisa and Macintosh . The Computer Science Laboratory built the Alto , which was conceived by Butler Lampson and designed mostly by Charles P . Thacker , Edward M . McCreight , Bob Sproull and David Boggs . The Learning Research Group of PARCs Systems Science Laboratory ( led by Alan Kay ) added the software-based desktop metaphor .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "- Ethernet , which networks local computers within a building or campus ; and the first Internet , a network that connected the Ethernet to the ARPANET utilizing PUP ( PARC Universal Protocol ) , forerunner to TCP/IP . It was primarily designed by Robert Metcalfe , Boggs , Thacker and Lampson .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " - The electronics and software that led to the laser printer ( spearheaded by optical engineer Gary Starkweather , who transferred from Xeroxs Webster , New York laboratory to work with CSL ) and the Interpress page description language that allowed John Warnock and Chuck Geschke to found Adobe Systems . - What-you-see-is-what-you-get ( WYSIWYG ) word-processing programs , as exemplified by Bravo , which Charles Simonyi took to Microsoft to serve as the basis for Microsoft Word .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "- SuperPaint , a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup . The software was written in consultation with future Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith , who could not secure an appointment at PARC and was retained as an independent contractor . Although Shoup received a special Emmy Award ( shared with Xerox ) in 1983 and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award ( shared with Smith and Thomas Porter ) in 1998 for his achievement , program development continued to be marginalized by PARC , ultimately precipitating Shoups departure in 1979 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Belying his lack of programming and engineering experience , Taylor was noted for his strident advocacy of Licklider-inspired distributed personal computing and his ability to maintain collegial and productive relationships between what was widely perceived as the foremost array of the epochs leading computer scientists . This was exemplified by a weekly staff meeting at PARC ( colloquially known as Dealer after Edward O . Thorps Beat the Dealer ) in which staff members would lead a discussion about myriad topics . They would sit in a circle of beanbag chairs and open debate was encouraged . According to Kay",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": ", the meeting was part of the larger ARPA community to learn how to argue to illuminate rather than merely to win . .. . The main purposes of Dealer -- as invented and implemented by Bob Taylor -- were to deal with how to make things work and make progress without having a formal manager structure . The presentations and argumentation were a small part of a deal session ( they did quite bother visiting Xeroids ) . It was quite rare for anything like a personal attack to happen ( because people for the most part came into",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "PARC having been blessed by everyone there -- another Taylor rule -- and already knowing how to argue reasonably ) .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Throughout his tenure at PARC , Taylor frequently clashed with Elkind ( who held budgetary responsibility for new projects but found his managerial authority undercut by Taylors intimate relationships with the research staff ) and Pake ( who did not countenance Taylors outsized influence in the laboratory and deprecatory attitude toward Xeroxs physics research program , then directly overseen by Pake ) ; as a result , he was not officially invited to the companys Futures Day demo ( marking the public premiere of the Alto ) in Boca Raton , Florida in 1977 . However , after one of",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "Elkinds extended absences ( stemming from his ongoing involvement in other corporate and government projects ) , Taylor became the manager of the laboratory in early 1978 .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "In 1983 , physicist and integrated circuit specialist William J . Spencer became director of PARC . Spencer and Taylor disagreed about budget allocations for CSL ( exemplified by the ongoing institutional divide between computer science and physics ) and CSLs frustration with Xeroxs inability to recognize and use what they had developed . By the end of the year , Taylor and most of the researchers at CSL left Xerox . A coterie of leading computer scientists ( including Licklider , Donald Knuth and Dana Scott ) expressed their displeasure with Xeroxs decision not to retain Taylor in a",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": "letter-writing campaign to CEO David Kearns .",
"title": "Xerox"
},
{
"text": " Taylor was hired by Ken Olsen of Digital Equipment Corporation , and formed the Systems Research Center in Palo Alto . Many of the former CSL researchers came to work at SRC . Among the projects at SRC were the Modula-3 programming language ; the snoopy cache , used in the Firefly multiprocessor workstation ; the first multi-threaded Unix system ; the first User Interface editor ; the AltaVista search engine and a networked Window System .",
"title": "DEC SRC"
},
{
"text": " Taylor retired from DEC in 1996 . Following his divorce ( coinciding with his departure from Xerox ) , he lived in a secluded house in Woodside , California . In 2000 , he voiced two concerns about the future of the Internet : control and access . In his words :",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": "There are many worse ways of endangering a larger number of people on the Internet than on the highway . Its possible for people to generate networks that reproduce themselves and are very difficult or impossible to kill off . I want everyone to have the right to use it , but theres got to be some way to insure responsibility.Will it be freely available to everyone ? If not , it will be a big disappointment .",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": " On April 13 , 2017 , he died at his home in Woodside , California . His son said he had suffered from Parkinsons disease and other health problems .",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"text": "In 1984 , Taylor , Butler Lampson , and Charles P . Thacker received the ACM Software Systems Award for conceiving and guiding the development of the Xerox Alto System demonstrating that a distributed personal computer system can provide a desirable and practical alternative to time-sharing . In 1994 , all three were named ACM Fellows in recognition of the same work . In 1999 , Taylor received a National Medal of Technology and Innovation . The citation read For visionary leadership in the development of modern computing technology , including computer networks , the personal computer and the graphical",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": "user interface .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 , the National Academy of Engineering awarded him along with Lampson , Thacker and Alan Kay their highest award , the Draper Prize . The citation reads : for the vision , conception , and development of the first practical networked personal computers . In 2013 , the Computer History Museum named him a Museum Fellow , for his leadership in the development of computer networking , online information and communications systems , and modern personal computing .",
"title": "Awards"
}
] |
/wiki/Ilse_Thiele#P463#0
|
Ilse Thiele became a member of what organization or association in 1954?
|
Ilse Thiele Ilse Thiele ( 4 November 1920 – 10 January 2010 ) was an East German politician . She was a member of the powerful Central Committee of the countrys ruling SED ( party ) between 1954 and 1989 . She served as the Chair of the national Democratic Womens League from 1953 till 1989 . Life . Early years . Ilse Neukrantz was born in Berlins central Lichtenberg quarter . Her father was a warehouseman who was later employed in clerical work . Her mother was a milliner . and her brother attended junior and middle school locally . From 1937 till 1945 , she worked as a stenographer by court . Politicised housewife . The war ended in May 1945 and with it came the end of Nazi Germany and of one-party government . Ilse Thiele , now a housewife in Wietze ( near Celle ) , joined the Communist Party . By the next year , she had relocated to the Soviet occupation zone in what remained of Germany . Here , in April 1946 , the contentious merger of the old Communist Party with the Moderate-left SPD paved the way for a return to one-party government , and Thiele was one of the thousands of Communist Party members who quickly took the opportunity to sign their membership over to the new Socialist Unity Party of Germany ( SED / ) . Still working as a stenographer with various employers , in 1946 , she joined the Trade Unions Federation ( FDGP / ) . Between 1948 and 1950 she served as a local councilor with responsibility for social affairs in Berlin-Lichtenberg . Between 1946 and 1952 , she was also a member of the party leadership team in Lichtenberg . In 1950 , she became the Berlin regional secretary for the Democratic Womens League ( , DFD ) . In 1950/51 , she also studied at the Karl Marx Party Academy . Political establishment . In 1953 , Ilse Thiele succeeded Elli Schmidt as national president of the Democratic Womens League , one of several quasi-political mass movements that were a feature of East Germanys Soviet based constitutional structure . Thiele would continue to head up the DFD till November 1989 . The role was an important one : Thieles long tenure contrasted with her predecessors fall from grace , and may have reflected her own ferocious loyalty to the national leadership , especially during the politically nervous early 1950s . At the heart of power . In April 1954 , Thiele became one of the 91 members of the Party Central Committee . The constitutional structure of the German Democratic Republic insisted on the leading role of the party , and central committee membership placed her at the heart of decision making in a system which required government ministers merely to carry out the policy decisions of the party . Thiele remained a Central Committee member for two and a half decades , until the Central Committee itself resigned in November 1989 as part of the run-up to reunification . From 1954 through till March 1990 , Ilse Thiele also sat as a member of the National legislature ( ) . Despite her membership of the ruling SED ( party ) , in the assembly , she represented not the SED but the DFD . Between 1950 and 1986 , the SED always received of the votes cast in general election , but the DFD was one of a number of bloc parties and mass movements that nevertheless received a fixed quota of seats in the . In 1954 , she became a member of the Presidium of the National Front , the organisational alliance of second tier political parties and mass movements used by the SED to manage and , where necessary , control these elements . In 1971 , she joined the national Council of State , remaining a member till January 1990 . Internationally , from 1964 till 1989 , she was a vice-president of the Womens International Democratic Federation , which , during the Cold war years , was widely seen as a left-leaning pro-Soviet confederation . Death . Ilse Thiele died in Berlin early in 2010 , a couple of months after her 89th birthday . Awards and honours . - 1957 : Clara Zetkin Medal - 1965 : Patriotic Order of Merit in Gold - 1985 : Order of Karl Marx
|
[
"member of the powerful Central Committee of the countrys ruling SED"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ilse Thiele ( 4 November 1920 – 10 January 2010 ) was an East German politician . She was a member of the powerful Central Committee of the countrys ruling SED ( party ) between 1954 and 1989 . She served as the Chair of the national Democratic Womens League from 1953 till 1989 .",
"title": "Ilse Thiele"
},
{
"text": " Ilse Neukrantz was born in Berlins central Lichtenberg quarter . Her father was a warehouseman who was later employed in clerical work . Her mother was a milliner . and her brother attended junior and middle school locally . From 1937 till 1945 , she worked as a stenographer by court .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "The war ended in May 1945 and with it came the end of Nazi Germany and of one-party government . Ilse Thiele , now a housewife in Wietze ( near Celle ) , joined the Communist Party . By the next year , she had relocated to the Soviet occupation zone in what remained of Germany . Here , in April 1946 , the contentious merger of the old Communist Party with the Moderate-left SPD paved the way for a return to one-party government , and Thiele was one of the thousands of Communist Party members who quickly took the",
"title": "Politicised housewife"
},
{
"text": "opportunity to sign their membership over to the new Socialist Unity Party of Germany ( SED / ) .",
"title": "Politicised housewife"
},
{
"text": " Still working as a stenographer with various employers , in 1946 , she joined the Trade Unions Federation ( FDGP / ) . Between 1948 and 1950 she served as a local councilor with responsibility for social affairs in Berlin-Lichtenberg . Between 1946 and 1952 , she was also a member of the party leadership team in Lichtenberg . In 1950 , she became the Berlin regional secretary for the Democratic Womens League ( , DFD ) . In 1950/51 , she also studied at the Karl Marx Party Academy .",
"title": "Politicised housewife"
},
{
"text": " In 1953 , Ilse Thiele succeeded Elli Schmidt as national president of the Democratic Womens League , one of several quasi-political mass movements that were a feature of East Germanys Soviet based constitutional structure . Thiele would continue to head up the DFD till November 1989 . The role was an important one : Thieles long tenure contrasted with her predecessors fall from grace , and may have reflected her own ferocious loyalty to the national leadership , especially during the politically nervous early 1950s . At the heart of power .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": "In April 1954 , Thiele became one of the 91 members of the Party Central Committee . The constitutional structure of the German Democratic Republic insisted on the leading role of the party , and central committee membership placed her at the heart of decision making in a system which required government ministers merely to carry out the policy decisions of the party . Thiele remained a Central Committee member for two and a half decades , until the Central Committee itself resigned in November 1989 as part of the run-up to reunification .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": " From 1954 through till March 1990 , Ilse Thiele also sat as a member of the National legislature ( ) . Despite her membership of the ruling SED ( party ) , in the assembly , she represented not the SED but the DFD . Between 1950 and 1986 , the SED always received of the votes cast in general election , but the DFD was one of a number of bloc parties and mass movements that nevertheless received a fixed quota of seats in the .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": "In 1954 , she became a member of the Presidium of the National Front , the organisational alliance of second tier political parties and mass movements used by the SED to manage and , where necessary , control these elements . In 1971 , she joined the national Council of State , remaining a member till January 1990 .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": " Internationally , from 1964 till 1989 , she was a vice-president of the Womens International Democratic Federation , which , during the Cold war years , was widely seen as a left-leaning pro-Soviet confederation .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": " Ilse Thiele died in Berlin early in 2010 , a couple of months after her 89th birthday .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " - 1957 : Clara Zetkin Medal - 1965 : Patriotic Order of Merit in Gold - 1985 : Order of Karl Marx",
"title": "Awards and honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Ilse_Thiele#P463#1
|
Ilse Thiele became a member of what organization or association in 1946?
|
Ilse Thiele Ilse Thiele ( 4 November 1920 – 10 January 2010 ) was an East German politician . She was a member of the powerful Central Committee of the countrys ruling SED ( party ) between 1954 and 1989 . She served as the Chair of the national Democratic Womens League from 1953 till 1989 . Life . Early years . Ilse Neukrantz was born in Berlins central Lichtenberg quarter . Her father was a warehouseman who was later employed in clerical work . Her mother was a milliner . and her brother attended junior and middle school locally . From 1937 till 1945 , she worked as a stenographer by court . Politicised housewife . The war ended in May 1945 and with it came the end of Nazi Germany and of one-party government . Ilse Thiele , now a housewife in Wietze ( near Celle ) , joined the Communist Party . By the next year , she had relocated to the Soviet occupation zone in what remained of Germany . Here , in April 1946 , the contentious merger of the old Communist Party with the Moderate-left SPD paved the way for a return to one-party government , and Thiele was one of the thousands of Communist Party members who quickly took the opportunity to sign their membership over to the new Socialist Unity Party of Germany ( SED / ) . Still working as a stenographer with various employers , in 1946 , she joined the Trade Unions Federation ( FDGP / ) . Between 1948 and 1950 she served as a local councilor with responsibility for social affairs in Berlin-Lichtenberg . Between 1946 and 1952 , she was also a member of the party leadership team in Lichtenberg . In 1950 , she became the Berlin regional secretary for the Democratic Womens League ( , DFD ) . In 1950/51 , she also studied at the Karl Marx Party Academy . Political establishment . In 1953 , Ilse Thiele succeeded Elli Schmidt as national president of the Democratic Womens League , one of several quasi-political mass movements that were a feature of East Germanys Soviet based constitutional structure . Thiele would continue to head up the DFD till November 1989 . The role was an important one : Thieles long tenure contrasted with her predecessors fall from grace , and may have reflected her own ferocious loyalty to the national leadership , especially during the politically nervous early 1950s . At the heart of power . In April 1954 , Thiele became one of the 91 members of the Party Central Committee . The constitutional structure of the German Democratic Republic insisted on the leading role of the party , and central committee membership placed her at the heart of decision making in a system which required government ministers merely to carry out the policy decisions of the party . Thiele remained a Central Committee member for two and a half decades , until the Central Committee itself resigned in November 1989 as part of the run-up to reunification . From 1954 through till March 1990 , Ilse Thiele also sat as a member of the National legislature ( ) . Despite her membership of the ruling SED ( party ) , in the assembly , she represented not the SED but the DFD . Between 1950 and 1986 , the SED always received of the votes cast in general election , but the DFD was one of a number of bloc parties and mass movements that nevertheless received a fixed quota of seats in the . In 1954 , she became a member of the Presidium of the National Front , the organisational alliance of second tier political parties and mass movements used by the SED to manage and , where necessary , control these elements . In 1971 , she joined the national Council of State , remaining a member till January 1990 . Internationally , from 1964 till 1989 , she was a vice-president of the Womens International Democratic Federation , which , during the Cold war years , was widely seen as a left-leaning pro-Soviet confederation . Death . Ilse Thiele died in Berlin early in 2010 , a couple of months after her 89th birthday . Awards and honours . - 1957 : Clara Zetkin Medal - 1965 : Patriotic Order of Merit in Gold - 1985 : Order of Karl Marx
|
[
"Trade Unions Federation"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ilse Thiele ( 4 November 1920 – 10 January 2010 ) was an East German politician . She was a member of the powerful Central Committee of the countrys ruling SED ( party ) between 1954 and 1989 . She served as the Chair of the national Democratic Womens League from 1953 till 1989 .",
"title": "Ilse Thiele"
},
{
"text": " Ilse Neukrantz was born in Berlins central Lichtenberg quarter . Her father was a warehouseman who was later employed in clerical work . Her mother was a milliner . and her brother attended junior and middle school locally . From 1937 till 1945 , she worked as a stenographer by court .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "The war ended in May 1945 and with it came the end of Nazi Germany and of one-party government . Ilse Thiele , now a housewife in Wietze ( near Celle ) , joined the Communist Party . By the next year , she had relocated to the Soviet occupation zone in what remained of Germany . Here , in April 1946 , the contentious merger of the old Communist Party with the Moderate-left SPD paved the way for a return to one-party government , and Thiele was one of the thousands of Communist Party members who quickly took the",
"title": "Politicised housewife"
},
{
"text": "opportunity to sign their membership over to the new Socialist Unity Party of Germany ( SED / ) .",
"title": "Politicised housewife"
},
{
"text": " Still working as a stenographer with various employers , in 1946 , she joined the Trade Unions Federation ( FDGP / ) . Between 1948 and 1950 she served as a local councilor with responsibility for social affairs in Berlin-Lichtenberg . Between 1946 and 1952 , she was also a member of the party leadership team in Lichtenberg . In 1950 , she became the Berlin regional secretary for the Democratic Womens League ( , DFD ) . In 1950/51 , she also studied at the Karl Marx Party Academy .",
"title": "Politicised housewife"
},
{
"text": " In 1953 , Ilse Thiele succeeded Elli Schmidt as national president of the Democratic Womens League , one of several quasi-political mass movements that were a feature of East Germanys Soviet based constitutional structure . Thiele would continue to head up the DFD till November 1989 . The role was an important one : Thieles long tenure contrasted with her predecessors fall from grace , and may have reflected her own ferocious loyalty to the national leadership , especially during the politically nervous early 1950s . At the heart of power .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": "In April 1954 , Thiele became one of the 91 members of the Party Central Committee . The constitutional structure of the German Democratic Republic insisted on the leading role of the party , and central committee membership placed her at the heart of decision making in a system which required government ministers merely to carry out the policy decisions of the party . Thiele remained a Central Committee member for two and a half decades , until the Central Committee itself resigned in November 1989 as part of the run-up to reunification .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": " From 1954 through till March 1990 , Ilse Thiele also sat as a member of the National legislature ( ) . Despite her membership of the ruling SED ( party ) , in the assembly , she represented not the SED but the DFD . Between 1950 and 1986 , the SED always received of the votes cast in general election , but the DFD was one of a number of bloc parties and mass movements that nevertheless received a fixed quota of seats in the .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": "In 1954 , she became a member of the Presidium of the National Front , the organisational alliance of second tier political parties and mass movements used by the SED to manage and , where necessary , control these elements . In 1971 , she joined the national Council of State , remaining a member till January 1990 .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": " Internationally , from 1964 till 1989 , she was a vice-president of the Womens International Democratic Federation , which , during the Cold war years , was widely seen as a left-leaning pro-Soviet confederation .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": " Ilse Thiele died in Berlin early in 2010 , a couple of months after her 89th birthday .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " - 1957 : Clara Zetkin Medal - 1965 : Patriotic Order of Merit in Gold - 1985 : Order of Karl Marx",
"title": "Awards and honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Ilse_Thiele#P463#2
|
Ilse Thiele became a member of what organization or association in 1971?
|
Ilse Thiele Ilse Thiele ( 4 November 1920 – 10 January 2010 ) was an East German politician . She was a member of the powerful Central Committee of the countrys ruling SED ( party ) between 1954 and 1989 . She served as the Chair of the national Democratic Womens League from 1953 till 1989 . Life . Early years . Ilse Neukrantz was born in Berlins central Lichtenberg quarter . Her father was a warehouseman who was later employed in clerical work . Her mother was a milliner . and her brother attended junior and middle school locally . From 1937 till 1945 , she worked as a stenographer by court . Politicised housewife . The war ended in May 1945 and with it came the end of Nazi Germany and of one-party government . Ilse Thiele , now a housewife in Wietze ( near Celle ) , joined the Communist Party . By the next year , she had relocated to the Soviet occupation zone in what remained of Germany . Here , in April 1946 , the contentious merger of the old Communist Party with the Moderate-left SPD paved the way for a return to one-party government , and Thiele was one of the thousands of Communist Party members who quickly took the opportunity to sign their membership over to the new Socialist Unity Party of Germany ( SED / ) . Still working as a stenographer with various employers , in 1946 , she joined the Trade Unions Federation ( FDGP / ) . Between 1948 and 1950 she served as a local councilor with responsibility for social affairs in Berlin-Lichtenberg . Between 1946 and 1952 , she was also a member of the party leadership team in Lichtenberg . In 1950 , she became the Berlin regional secretary for the Democratic Womens League ( , DFD ) . In 1950/51 , she also studied at the Karl Marx Party Academy . Political establishment . In 1953 , Ilse Thiele succeeded Elli Schmidt as national president of the Democratic Womens League , one of several quasi-political mass movements that were a feature of East Germanys Soviet based constitutional structure . Thiele would continue to head up the DFD till November 1989 . The role was an important one : Thieles long tenure contrasted with her predecessors fall from grace , and may have reflected her own ferocious loyalty to the national leadership , especially during the politically nervous early 1950s . At the heart of power . In April 1954 , Thiele became one of the 91 members of the Party Central Committee . The constitutional structure of the German Democratic Republic insisted on the leading role of the party , and central committee membership placed her at the heart of decision making in a system which required government ministers merely to carry out the policy decisions of the party . Thiele remained a Central Committee member for two and a half decades , until the Central Committee itself resigned in November 1989 as part of the run-up to reunification . From 1954 through till March 1990 , Ilse Thiele also sat as a member of the National legislature ( ) . Despite her membership of the ruling SED ( party ) , in the assembly , she represented not the SED but the DFD . Between 1950 and 1986 , the SED always received of the votes cast in general election , but the DFD was one of a number of bloc parties and mass movements that nevertheless received a fixed quota of seats in the . In 1954 , she became a member of the Presidium of the National Front , the organisational alliance of second tier political parties and mass movements used by the SED to manage and , where necessary , control these elements . In 1971 , she joined the national Council of State , remaining a member till January 1990 . Internationally , from 1964 till 1989 , she was a vice-president of the Womens International Democratic Federation , which , during the Cold war years , was widely seen as a left-leaning pro-Soviet confederation . Death . Ilse Thiele died in Berlin early in 2010 , a couple of months after her 89th birthday . Awards and honours . - 1957 : Clara Zetkin Medal - 1965 : Patriotic Order of Merit in Gold - 1985 : Order of Karl Marx
|
[
"national Council of State"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ilse Thiele ( 4 November 1920 – 10 January 2010 ) was an East German politician . She was a member of the powerful Central Committee of the countrys ruling SED ( party ) between 1954 and 1989 . She served as the Chair of the national Democratic Womens League from 1953 till 1989 .",
"title": "Ilse Thiele"
},
{
"text": " Ilse Neukrantz was born in Berlins central Lichtenberg quarter . Her father was a warehouseman who was later employed in clerical work . Her mother was a milliner . and her brother attended junior and middle school locally . From 1937 till 1945 , she worked as a stenographer by court .",
"title": "Early years"
},
{
"text": "The war ended in May 1945 and with it came the end of Nazi Germany and of one-party government . Ilse Thiele , now a housewife in Wietze ( near Celle ) , joined the Communist Party . By the next year , she had relocated to the Soviet occupation zone in what remained of Germany . Here , in April 1946 , the contentious merger of the old Communist Party with the Moderate-left SPD paved the way for a return to one-party government , and Thiele was one of the thousands of Communist Party members who quickly took the",
"title": "Politicised housewife"
},
{
"text": "opportunity to sign their membership over to the new Socialist Unity Party of Germany ( SED / ) .",
"title": "Politicised housewife"
},
{
"text": " Still working as a stenographer with various employers , in 1946 , she joined the Trade Unions Federation ( FDGP / ) . Between 1948 and 1950 she served as a local councilor with responsibility for social affairs in Berlin-Lichtenberg . Between 1946 and 1952 , she was also a member of the party leadership team in Lichtenberg . In 1950 , she became the Berlin regional secretary for the Democratic Womens League ( , DFD ) . In 1950/51 , she also studied at the Karl Marx Party Academy .",
"title": "Politicised housewife"
},
{
"text": " In 1953 , Ilse Thiele succeeded Elli Schmidt as national president of the Democratic Womens League , one of several quasi-political mass movements that were a feature of East Germanys Soviet based constitutional structure . Thiele would continue to head up the DFD till November 1989 . The role was an important one : Thieles long tenure contrasted with her predecessors fall from grace , and may have reflected her own ferocious loyalty to the national leadership , especially during the politically nervous early 1950s . At the heart of power .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": "In April 1954 , Thiele became one of the 91 members of the Party Central Committee . The constitutional structure of the German Democratic Republic insisted on the leading role of the party , and central committee membership placed her at the heart of decision making in a system which required government ministers merely to carry out the policy decisions of the party . Thiele remained a Central Committee member for two and a half decades , until the Central Committee itself resigned in November 1989 as part of the run-up to reunification .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": " From 1954 through till March 1990 , Ilse Thiele also sat as a member of the National legislature ( ) . Despite her membership of the ruling SED ( party ) , in the assembly , she represented not the SED but the DFD . Between 1950 and 1986 , the SED always received of the votes cast in general election , but the DFD was one of a number of bloc parties and mass movements that nevertheless received a fixed quota of seats in the .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": "In 1954 , she became a member of the Presidium of the National Front , the organisational alliance of second tier political parties and mass movements used by the SED to manage and , where necessary , control these elements . In 1971 , she joined the national Council of State , remaining a member till January 1990 .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": " Internationally , from 1964 till 1989 , she was a vice-president of the Womens International Democratic Federation , which , during the Cold war years , was widely seen as a left-leaning pro-Soviet confederation .",
"title": "Political establishment"
},
{
"text": " Ilse Thiele died in Berlin early in 2010 , a couple of months after her 89th birthday .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " - 1957 : Clara Zetkin Medal - 1965 : Patriotic Order of Merit in Gold - 1985 : Order of Karl Marx",
"title": "Awards and honours"
}
] |
/wiki/Gary_Ackerman#P69#0
|
Gary Ackerman went to which school before Oct 1959?
|
Gary Ackerman Gary Leonard Ackerman ( born November 19 , 1942 ) is a retired American politician and former U.S . Representative from New York , serving from 1983 to 2013 . He is a member of the Democratic Party . On March 15 , 2012 , Ackerman announced that he would retire at the end of the 112th Congress on January 3 , 2013 after fifteen terms , and would not seek re-election in November 2012 . Early life , education , and early career . Ackerman was born in Brooklyn , the son of Eva ( née Barnett ) and Max Ackerman . His grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Russia and Poland . He was raised in Flushing , Queens . He attended local public schools , Brooklyn Technical High School and graduated from Queens College in 1965 . After college , Ackerman became a New York City School teacher where he taught social studies , mathematics , and journalism to junior high school students in Queens . Following the birth of his first child in 1969 , Ackerman petitioned the New York City Board of Education for an unpaid leave of absence to spend time with his newborn daughter but his request was denied , under then existing policy which reserved unpaid maternity-child care leave to women only . In what was to be a forerunner of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 , then teacher Ackerman successfully sued the Board in a landmark case which established the right of either parent to receive unpaid leave for child care . A quarter of a century later , now a Congressman , Ackerman in the House–Senate Conference Committee , signed the report of the Family and Medical Leave Act which became the law of the land . Ackermans second career move occurred in 1970 , when he left teaching to start a weekly community newspaper in Queens called The Flushing Tribune which soon became the Queens Tribune . Ackerman served as its editor and publisher . New York Senate . Ackerman was a member of the New York State Senate from 1979 to 1983 , sitting in the 183rd , 184th and 185th New York State Legislatures . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . Incumbent Democratic U.S . Congressman Benjamin Rosenthal died on January 4 , 1983 . Ackerman won the special election with a plurality of 49% . In 1984 , he won re-election to a full term with 69% of the vote . In 1986 , he won re-election with 77% , and was unopposed in 1988 and 1990 . After redistricting , he ran in New Yorks 5th congressional district . He won the Democratic primary with 60% , and the general election with 52% against Republican county legislator Allan E . Binder . In 1994 , he won re-election with 55% of the vote . Since then , he has won re-election with at least 63% of the vote . On March 15 , 2012 , Ackerman announced that he would retire at the end of the 112th Congress on January 3 , 2013 after fifteen terms , and would not seek re-election in November 2012 . Tenure . Ackerman was the Congressional delegate to the United Nations . In addition , he was the ranking Democrat on the Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans . In 2002 , he was awarded Indias third highest civilian award , the Padma Bhushan for his contributions as member of the India Caucus in the Congress . Ackerman was one of only 22 Congressman and one of 2 Democrats from New York to vote against a resolution calling for the protection of the symbols and traditions of Christmas . The resolution , which did not include language that would protect the symbols of other religious holidays , passed 401–22 in the House in December 2005 . In April 2003 the Catholic League for religious and civil rights attacked Ackerman for voting against a non-binding resolution that would have declared a day of prayer in recognition of the U.S . war in Iraq . Ackerman received an A on the Drum Major Institutes 2005 Congressional Scorecard on middle-class issues . Ackerman was also a member of the Cuba Democracy Caucus and is currently the head of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians ( ICJP ) . Ackerman has missed voting on 80 occasions pertaining to a variety of issues , including the Pension Protection Act , the Tax Relief Extension Reconciliation Act , and the Honoring the Contributions of Catholic Schools . In June 2001 , Ackerman honored King Christian X of Denmark for his wearing a yellow badge armband during World War II in support of the Danish Jews who had been ordered by the Nazi occupation to wear yellow badges , although Jews in Denmark were never forced to wear an armband , and the story is merely a legend . Health . Among Ackermans significant legislative undertakings , was the passage of his Baby AIDS amendment to the Ryan White Care Act . The measure requires mandatory HIV testing of newborns and disclosure of the results to the mother . Ackerman championed the issue of newborn testing after discovering that 45 states , including New York , tested babies for HIV but used the data solely to track the prevalence of the disease in the population , and did not disclose the results to the mothers . As a result , thousands of mothers brought their infants home from the hospital , never aware that their children had tested positive for HIV . Ackerman stopped the anonymous testing from being reinstated in years that followed . Ackerman also scored a victory in his efforts to ban downed animals from being sold as meat in supermarkets , restaurants and butcher stores . For a decade , Ackerman warned that use of such livestock was not only inhumane treatment of animals but also risked causing a Mad Cow disaster in the United States . His legislation fell on deaf ears until December 2003 , when his warning became prophetic and the Bush Administration—among those who had opposed the bill—finally imposed his ban through regulation . Ackerman was also successful in getting Medicare to cover testing for prostate cancer . In addition , Ackerman sponsored the first federal legislation to ban the use of handheld cell phones while driving . Finance . Also law of the land is Ackermans measure requiring banks and financial companies to notify consumers when negative information is placed on their credit reports . Ackerman also sponsored legislation which is now law that in the wake of the Enron , WorldCom and other corporate scandals , prohibits accounting firms from consulting for the companies they audit . On October 3 , 2008 , Ackerman voted in favor of the Troubled Asset Relief Program . On January 8 , 2009 , Ackerman introduced a bill to order the Securities and Exchange Commission to re-institute the uptick rule , limiting the circumstances under which traders can sell stock short . On February 4 , 2009 , Ackerman criticized SEC Officials over the handling of tips given to them about the Bernie Madoff scandal . Ackerman believed that he was reflecting the publics opinion , saying : How are they supposed to have confidence that if somebody goes to you with a complaint—gives it to you on a silver platter with all the investigations , with all the numbers , with all of the data , telling you exactly what he did , how he did it , and why he did it and how he knows that—and after a period after half a dozen or eight years , you dont know anything ? Foreign policy and terrorism . On October 10 , 2002 , Ackerman was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq . Ackerman also convinced the Defense Department to stop garnishing wages from certain U.S . soldiers serving in the war against Iraq . Although troops who serve in combat zones are not required to pay federal taxes , many soldiers had failed to be granted the exemption . Other highlights include the Congressman authoring legislation that required President George W . Bush to impose sanctions against the Palestinian Authority for not complying with peace agreements it signed with the U.S . and Israel . In his capacity as the then Chairman of the Asia Subcommittee , Ackerman made history in the 1990s by traveling to North Korea to discuss non-proliferation . Upon his return to South Korea , Ackerman became the first person since the Korean War to cross the DMZ ( Demilitarized Zone ) . Enacted as well was his measure that prevents war criminals and human rights abusers who have perpetrated genocide , torture , terrorism or other atrocities , from entering the U.S . and deports those who have slipped in . He convinced the German government to establish a US$110 million fund to compensate 18,000 Holocaust survivors and to investigate whether 3,300 former Nazi soldiers now living in the U.S . and collecting German pensions are war criminals . Ackerman is also well known for his many missions to feed the starving people of Ethiopia and the Sudan and for playing a leading role in the rescue of Ethiopian Jews and aiding their emigration to Israel . Active in the Middle East peace process , Ackerman has met with the current and most past Israeli prime ministers and the heads of all the Arab countries in an effort to help secure peace in the region . He also ventured to Kashmir enduring sub-freezing winter temperatures in an attempt to secure the release of four western hostages . In January 2011 , Ackerman criticized Jewish organizations including the Jewish Voice for Peace and J Street for their perspective of what actions had to be taken for a lasting Mideast peace . On January 12 , 2009 , Ackerman admitted to arranging a visit between Israeli officials and a defense contractor at the same time he was investing in that contractor . Although the visit did not result in any official deal between the parties , questions regarding his ethics were raised . Ackerman was also successful in getting enacted , his bill that created the Heroes postage stamp , the revenue from which helps the families of rescue workers killed or permanently disabled while responding to the September 11 attacks . The stamp was based on a photograph entitled Ground Zero Spirit . In addition , the Congressman lobbied federal security officials—with the September 11 , 2001 attacks in mind—to use retired law enforcement officers as screeners at New York airports and he pressed President Bush to make good on his promise to provide New York with US$20 billion in additional 9/11 disaster aid . In 2011 , Ackerman voted to extend expiring provisions of the PATRIOT Act and voted in favor of the National Defense Authorization Act ( NDAA ) for Fiscal Year 2012 . State and local issues . Ackerman participated in forcing the State of Hawaii to change its law that forbade blind individuals from bringing their guide dogs with them to the islands . The Congressman chaired an investigation and bipartisan hearing into whether New York City and Long Island officials properly used the spraying of Malathion during the West Nile virus outbreak . He also obtained federal funds to combat a return of the virus . Committee assignments . - Committee on Financial Services - Subcommittee on Capital Markets , Insurance , and Government-Sponsored Enterprises - Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit - Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific - Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia ( Ranking Member ) Caucus memberships . - Congressional Arts Caucus - Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans Personal life . Ackerman , who sports a white carnation boutonnière each day , lives on a houseboat named the Unsinkable II while in Washington , D.C . and otherwise resides in Roslyn Heights in Nassau County with his wife Rita , having moved there from a home in Jamaica Estates , Queens that sold for US$1 million in 2008 . The Ackermans have three children : Lauren , Corey , and Ari . Ackerman is an amateur photographer , an avid stamp collector and a boating enthusiast . He is also an Eagle Scout . At the 2006 meeting of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians ( ICJP ) , Ackerman was unanimously elected to serve as the executive of the organization . Ackerman was named an honorary graduate of the United States Merchant Marine Academy for his continued support of the service academy located in Kings Point , New York . Ackerman also has a street named after him located in Central Islip , New York .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Gary Leonard Ackerman ( born November 19 , 1942 ) is a retired American politician and former U.S . Representative from New York , serving from 1983 to 2013 . He is a member of the Democratic Party . On March 15 , 2012 , Ackerman announced that he would retire at the end of the 112th Congress on January 3 , 2013 after fifteen terms , and would not seek re-election in November 2012 . Early life , education , and early career .",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman was born in Brooklyn , the son of Eva ( née Barnett ) and Max Ackerman . His grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Russia and Poland . He was raised in Flushing , Queens . He attended local public schools , Brooklyn Technical High School and graduated from Queens College in 1965 . After college , Ackerman became a New York City School teacher where he taught social studies , mathematics , and journalism to junior high school students in Queens .",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": "Following the birth of his first child in 1969 , Ackerman petitioned the New York City Board of Education for an unpaid leave of absence to spend time with his newborn daughter but his request was denied , under then existing policy which reserved unpaid maternity-child care leave to women only . In what was to be a forerunner of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 , then teacher Ackerman successfully sued the Board in a landmark case which established the right of either parent to receive unpaid leave for child care . A quarter of a century",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": "later , now a Congressman , Ackerman in the House–Senate Conference Committee , signed the report of the Family and Medical Leave Act which became the law of the land .",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": " Ackermans second career move occurred in 1970 , when he left teaching to start a weekly community newspaper in Queens called The Flushing Tribune which soon became the Queens Tribune . Ackerman served as its editor and publisher .",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman was a member of the New York State Senate from 1979 to 1983 , sitting in the 183rd , 184th and 185th New York State Legislatures . U.S . House of Representatives .",
"title": "New York Senate"
},
{
"text": "Incumbent Democratic U.S . Congressman Benjamin Rosenthal died on January 4 , 1983 . Ackerman won the special election with a plurality of 49% . In 1984 , he won re-election to a full term with 69% of the vote . In 1986 , he won re-election with 77% , and was unopposed in 1988 and 1990 . After redistricting , he ran in New Yorks 5th congressional district . He won the Democratic primary with 60% , and the general election with 52% against Republican county legislator Allan E . Binder . In 1994 , he won re-election with",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "55% of the vote . Since then , he has won re-election with at least 63% of the vote .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " On March 15 , 2012 , Ackerman announced that he would retire at the end of the 112th Congress on January 3 , 2013 after fifteen terms , and would not seek re-election in November 2012 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman was the Congressional delegate to the United Nations . In addition , he was the ranking Democrat on the Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans . In 2002 , he was awarded Indias third highest civilian award , the Padma Bhushan for his contributions as member of the India Caucus in the Congress .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman was one of only 22 Congressman and one of 2 Democrats from New York to vote against a resolution calling for the protection of the symbols and traditions of Christmas . The resolution , which did not include language that would protect the symbols of other religious holidays , passed 401–22 in the House in December 2005 . In April 2003 the Catholic League for religious and civil rights attacked Ackerman for voting against a non-binding resolution that would have declared a day of prayer in recognition of the U.S . war in Iraq .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman received an A on the Drum Major Institutes 2005 Congressional Scorecard on middle-class issues . Ackerman was also a member of the Cuba Democracy Caucus and is currently the head of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians ( ICJP ) . Ackerman has missed voting on 80 occasions pertaining to a variety of issues , including the Pension Protection Act , the Tax Relief Extension Reconciliation Act , and the Honoring the Contributions of Catholic Schools .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "In June 2001 , Ackerman honored King Christian X of Denmark for his wearing a yellow badge armband during World War II in support of the Danish Jews who had been ordered by the Nazi occupation to wear yellow badges , although Jews in Denmark were never forced to wear an armband , and the story is merely a legend .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " Among Ackermans significant legislative undertakings , was the passage of his Baby AIDS amendment to the Ryan White Care Act . The measure requires mandatory HIV testing of newborns and disclosure of the results to the mother .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman championed the issue of newborn testing after discovering that 45 states , including New York , tested babies for HIV but used the data solely to track the prevalence of the disease in the population , and did not disclose the results to the mothers . As a result , thousands of mothers brought their infants home from the hospital , never aware that their children had tested positive for HIV . Ackerman stopped the anonymous testing from being reinstated in years that followed .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman also scored a victory in his efforts to ban downed animals from being sold as meat in supermarkets , restaurants and butcher stores . For a decade , Ackerman warned that use of such livestock was not only inhumane treatment of animals but also risked causing a Mad Cow disaster in the United States . His legislation fell on deaf ears until December 2003 , when his warning became prophetic and the Bush Administration—among those who had opposed the bill—finally imposed his ban through regulation .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman was also successful in getting Medicare to cover testing for prostate cancer .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": " In addition , Ackerman sponsored the first federal legislation to ban the use of handheld cell phones while driving .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": " Also law of the land is Ackermans measure requiring banks and financial companies to notify consumers when negative information is placed on their credit reports . Ackerman also sponsored legislation which is now law that in the wake of the Enron , WorldCom and other corporate scandals , prohibits accounting firms from consulting for the companies they audit . On October 3 , 2008 , Ackerman voted in favor of the Troubled Asset Relief Program .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "On January 8 , 2009 , Ackerman introduced a bill to order the Securities and Exchange Commission to re-institute the uptick rule , limiting the circumstances under which traders can sell stock short .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "On February 4 , 2009 , Ackerman criticized SEC Officials over the handling of tips given to them about the Bernie Madoff scandal . Ackerman believed that he was reflecting the publics opinion , saying : How are they supposed to have confidence that if somebody goes to you with a complaint—gives it to you on a silver platter with all the investigations , with all the numbers , with all of the data , telling you exactly what he did , how he did it , and why he did it and how he knows that—and after a period",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "after half a dozen or eight years , you dont know anything ?",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " Foreign policy and terrorism . On October 10 , 2002 , Ackerman was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq . Ackerman also convinced the Defense Department to stop garnishing wages from certain U.S . soldiers serving in the war against Iraq . Although troops who serve in combat zones are not required to pay federal taxes , many soldiers had failed to be granted the exemption .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "Other highlights include the Congressman authoring legislation that required President George W . Bush to impose sanctions against the Palestinian Authority for not complying with peace agreements it signed with the U.S . and Israel .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " In his capacity as the then Chairman of the Asia Subcommittee , Ackerman made history in the 1990s by traveling to North Korea to discuss non-proliferation . Upon his return to South Korea , Ackerman became the first person since the Korean War to cross the DMZ ( Demilitarized Zone ) . Enacted as well was his measure that prevents war criminals and human rights abusers who have perpetrated genocide , torture , terrorism or other atrocities , from entering the U.S . and deports those who have slipped in .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "He convinced the German government to establish a US$110 million fund to compensate 18,000 Holocaust survivors and to investigate whether 3,300 former Nazi soldiers now living in the U.S . and collecting German pensions are war criminals .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman is also well known for his many missions to feed the starving people of Ethiopia and the Sudan and for playing a leading role in the rescue of Ethiopian Jews and aiding their emigration to Israel . Active in the Middle East peace process , Ackerman has met with the current and most past Israeli prime ministers and the heads of all the Arab countries in an effort to help secure peace in the region . He also ventured to Kashmir enduring sub-freezing winter temperatures in an attempt to secure the release of four western hostages .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "In January 2011 , Ackerman criticized Jewish organizations including the Jewish Voice for Peace and J Street for their perspective of what actions had to be taken for a lasting Mideast peace .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " On January 12 , 2009 , Ackerman admitted to arranging a visit between Israeli officials and a defense contractor at the same time he was investing in that contractor . Although the visit did not result in any official deal between the parties , questions regarding his ethics were raised .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman was also successful in getting enacted , his bill that created the Heroes postage stamp , the revenue from which helps the families of rescue workers killed or permanently disabled while responding to the September 11 attacks . The stamp was based on a photograph entitled Ground Zero Spirit . In addition , the Congressman lobbied federal security officials—with the September 11 , 2001 attacks in mind—to use retired law enforcement officers as screeners at New York airports and he pressed President Bush to make good on his promise to provide New York with US$20 billion in additional 9/11",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "disaster aid .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Ackerman voted to extend expiring provisions of the PATRIOT Act and voted in favor of the National Defense Authorization Act ( NDAA ) for Fiscal Year 2012 . State and local issues .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman participated in forcing the State of Hawaii to change its law that forbade blind individuals from bringing their guide dogs with them to the islands . The Congressman chaired an investigation and bipartisan hearing into whether New York City and Long Island officials properly used the spraying of Malathion during the West Nile virus outbreak . He also obtained federal funds to combat a return of the virus .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " - Committee on Financial Services - Subcommittee on Capital Markets , Insurance , and Government-Sponsored Enterprises - Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit - Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific - Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia ( Ranking Member )",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman , who sports a white carnation boutonnière each day , lives on a houseboat named the Unsinkable II while in Washington , D.C . and otherwise resides in Roslyn Heights in Nassau County with his wife Rita , having moved there from a home in Jamaica Estates , Queens that sold for US$1 million in 2008 . The Ackermans have three children : Lauren , Corey , and Ari . Ackerman is an amateur photographer , an avid stamp collector and a boating enthusiast . He is also an Eagle Scout .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "At the 2006 meeting of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians ( ICJP ) , Ackerman was unanimously elected to serve as the executive of the organization .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman was named an honorary graduate of the United States Merchant Marine Academy for his continued support of the service academy located in Kings Point , New York . Ackerman also has a street named after him located in Central Islip , New York .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Gary_Ackerman#P69#1
|
Gary Ackerman went to which school after Aug 1966?
|
Gary Ackerman Gary Leonard Ackerman ( born November 19 , 1942 ) is a retired American politician and former U.S . Representative from New York , serving from 1983 to 2013 . He is a member of the Democratic Party . On March 15 , 2012 , Ackerman announced that he would retire at the end of the 112th Congress on January 3 , 2013 after fifteen terms , and would not seek re-election in November 2012 . Early life , education , and early career . Ackerman was born in Brooklyn , the son of Eva ( née Barnett ) and Max Ackerman . His grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Russia and Poland . He was raised in Flushing , Queens . He attended local public schools , Brooklyn Technical High School and graduated from Queens College in 1965 . After college , Ackerman became a New York City School teacher where he taught social studies , mathematics , and journalism to junior high school students in Queens . Following the birth of his first child in 1969 , Ackerman petitioned the New York City Board of Education for an unpaid leave of absence to spend time with his newborn daughter but his request was denied , under then existing policy which reserved unpaid maternity-child care leave to women only . In what was to be a forerunner of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 , then teacher Ackerman successfully sued the Board in a landmark case which established the right of either parent to receive unpaid leave for child care . A quarter of a century later , now a Congressman , Ackerman in the House–Senate Conference Committee , signed the report of the Family and Medical Leave Act which became the law of the land . Ackermans second career move occurred in 1970 , when he left teaching to start a weekly community newspaper in Queens called The Flushing Tribune which soon became the Queens Tribune . Ackerman served as its editor and publisher . New York Senate . Ackerman was a member of the New York State Senate from 1979 to 1983 , sitting in the 183rd , 184th and 185th New York State Legislatures . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . Incumbent Democratic U.S . Congressman Benjamin Rosenthal died on January 4 , 1983 . Ackerman won the special election with a plurality of 49% . In 1984 , he won re-election to a full term with 69% of the vote . In 1986 , he won re-election with 77% , and was unopposed in 1988 and 1990 . After redistricting , he ran in New Yorks 5th congressional district . He won the Democratic primary with 60% , and the general election with 52% against Republican county legislator Allan E . Binder . In 1994 , he won re-election with 55% of the vote . Since then , he has won re-election with at least 63% of the vote . On March 15 , 2012 , Ackerman announced that he would retire at the end of the 112th Congress on January 3 , 2013 after fifteen terms , and would not seek re-election in November 2012 . Tenure . Ackerman was the Congressional delegate to the United Nations . In addition , he was the ranking Democrat on the Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans . In 2002 , he was awarded Indias third highest civilian award , the Padma Bhushan for his contributions as member of the India Caucus in the Congress . Ackerman was one of only 22 Congressman and one of 2 Democrats from New York to vote against a resolution calling for the protection of the symbols and traditions of Christmas . The resolution , which did not include language that would protect the symbols of other religious holidays , passed 401–22 in the House in December 2005 . In April 2003 the Catholic League for religious and civil rights attacked Ackerman for voting against a non-binding resolution that would have declared a day of prayer in recognition of the U.S . war in Iraq . Ackerman received an A on the Drum Major Institutes 2005 Congressional Scorecard on middle-class issues . Ackerman was also a member of the Cuba Democracy Caucus and is currently the head of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians ( ICJP ) . Ackerman has missed voting on 80 occasions pertaining to a variety of issues , including the Pension Protection Act , the Tax Relief Extension Reconciliation Act , and the Honoring the Contributions of Catholic Schools . In June 2001 , Ackerman honored King Christian X of Denmark for his wearing a yellow badge armband during World War II in support of the Danish Jews who had been ordered by the Nazi occupation to wear yellow badges , although Jews in Denmark were never forced to wear an armband , and the story is merely a legend . Health . Among Ackermans significant legislative undertakings , was the passage of his Baby AIDS amendment to the Ryan White Care Act . The measure requires mandatory HIV testing of newborns and disclosure of the results to the mother . Ackerman championed the issue of newborn testing after discovering that 45 states , including New York , tested babies for HIV but used the data solely to track the prevalence of the disease in the population , and did not disclose the results to the mothers . As a result , thousands of mothers brought their infants home from the hospital , never aware that their children had tested positive for HIV . Ackerman stopped the anonymous testing from being reinstated in years that followed . Ackerman also scored a victory in his efforts to ban downed animals from being sold as meat in supermarkets , restaurants and butcher stores . For a decade , Ackerman warned that use of such livestock was not only inhumane treatment of animals but also risked causing a Mad Cow disaster in the United States . His legislation fell on deaf ears until December 2003 , when his warning became prophetic and the Bush Administration—among those who had opposed the bill—finally imposed his ban through regulation . Ackerman was also successful in getting Medicare to cover testing for prostate cancer . In addition , Ackerman sponsored the first federal legislation to ban the use of handheld cell phones while driving . Finance . Also law of the land is Ackermans measure requiring banks and financial companies to notify consumers when negative information is placed on their credit reports . Ackerman also sponsored legislation which is now law that in the wake of the Enron , WorldCom and other corporate scandals , prohibits accounting firms from consulting for the companies they audit . On October 3 , 2008 , Ackerman voted in favor of the Troubled Asset Relief Program . On January 8 , 2009 , Ackerman introduced a bill to order the Securities and Exchange Commission to re-institute the uptick rule , limiting the circumstances under which traders can sell stock short . On February 4 , 2009 , Ackerman criticized SEC Officials over the handling of tips given to them about the Bernie Madoff scandal . Ackerman believed that he was reflecting the publics opinion , saying : How are they supposed to have confidence that if somebody goes to you with a complaint—gives it to you on a silver platter with all the investigations , with all the numbers , with all of the data , telling you exactly what he did , how he did it , and why he did it and how he knows that—and after a period after half a dozen or eight years , you dont know anything ? Foreign policy and terrorism . On October 10 , 2002 , Ackerman was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq . Ackerman also convinced the Defense Department to stop garnishing wages from certain U.S . soldiers serving in the war against Iraq . Although troops who serve in combat zones are not required to pay federal taxes , many soldiers had failed to be granted the exemption . Other highlights include the Congressman authoring legislation that required President George W . Bush to impose sanctions against the Palestinian Authority for not complying with peace agreements it signed with the U.S . and Israel . In his capacity as the then Chairman of the Asia Subcommittee , Ackerman made history in the 1990s by traveling to North Korea to discuss non-proliferation . Upon his return to South Korea , Ackerman became the first person since the Korean War to cross the DMZ ( Demilitarized Zone ) . Enacted as well was his measure that prevents war criminals and human rights abusers who have perpetrated genocide , torture , terrorism or other atrocities , from entering the U.S . and deports those who have slipped in . He convinced the German government to establish a US$110 million fund to compensate 18,000 Holocaust survivors and to investigate whether 3,300 former Nazi soldiers now living in the U.S . and collecting German pensions are war criminals . Ackerman is also well known for his many missions to feed the starving people of Ethiopia and the Sudan and for playing a leading role in the rescue of Ethiopian Jews and aiding their emigration to Israel . Active in the Middle East peace process , Ackerman has met with the current and most past Israeli prime ministers and the heads of all the Arab countries in an effort to help secure peace in the region . He also ventured to Kashmir enduring sub-freezing winter temperatures in an attempt to secure the release of four western hostages . In January 2011 , Ackerman criticized Jewish organizations including the Jewish Voice for Peace and J Street for their perspective of what actions had to be taken for a lasting Mideast peace . On January 12 , 2009 , Ackerman admitted to arranging a visit between Israeli officials and a defense contractor at the same time he was investing in that contractor . Although the visit did not result in any official deal between the parties , questions regarding his ethics were raised . Ackerman was also successful in getting enacted , his bill that created the Heroes postage stamp , the revenue from which helps the families of rescue workers killed or permanently disabled while responding to the September 11 attacks . The stamp was based on a photograph entitled Ground Zero Spirit . In addition , the Congressman lobbied federal security officials—with the September 11 , 2001 attacks in mind—to use retired law enforcement officers as screeners at New York airports and he pressed President Bush to make good on his promise to provide New York with US$20 billion in additional 9/11 disaster aid . In 2011 , Ackerman voted to extend expiring provisions of the PATRIOT Act and voted in favor of the National Defense Authorization Act ( NDAA ) for Fiscal Year 2012 . State and local issues . Ackerman participated in forcing the State of Hawaii to change its law that forbade blind individuals from bringing their guide dogs with them to the islands . The Congressman chaired an investigation and bipartisan hearing into whether New York City and Long Island officials properly used the spraying of Malathion during the West Nile virus outbreak . He also obtained federal funds to combat a return of the virus . Committee assignments . - Committee on Financial Services - Subcommittee on Capital Markets , Insurance , and Government-Sponsored Enterprises - Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit - Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific - Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia ( Ranking Member ) Caucus memberships . - Congressional Arts Caucus - Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans Personal life . Ackerman , who sports a white carnation boutonnière each day , lives on a houseboat named the Unsinkable II while in Washington , D.C . and otherwise resides in Roslyn Heights in Nassau County with his wife Rita , having moved there from a home in Jamaica Estates , Queens that sold for US$1 million in 2008 . The Ackermans have three children : Lauren , Corey , and Ari . Ackerman is an amateur photographer , an avid stamp collector and a boating enthusiast . He is also an Eagle Scout . At the 2006 meeting of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians ( ICJP ) , Ackerman was unanimously elected to serve as the executive of the organization . Ackerman was named an honorary graduate of the United States Merchant Marine Academy for his continued support of the service academy located in Kings Point , New York . Ackerman also has a street named after him located in Central Islip , New York .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Gary Leonard Ackerman ( born November 19 , 1942 ) is a retired American politician and former U.S . Representative from New York , serving from 1983 to 2013 . He is a member of the Democratic Party . On March 15 , 2012 , Ackerman announced that he would retire at the end of the 112th Congress on January 3 , 2013 after fifteen terms , and would not seek re-election in November 2012 . Early life , education , and early career .",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman was born in Brooklyn , the son of Eva ( née Barnett ) and Max Ackerman . His grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Russia and Poland . He was raised in Flushing , Queens . He attended local public schools , Brooklyn Technical High School and graduated from Queens College in 1965 . After college , Ackerman became a New York City School teacher where he taught social studies , mathematics , and journalism to junior high school students in Queens .",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": "Following the birth of his first child in 1969 , Ackerman petitioned the New York City Board of Education for an unpaid leave of absence to spend time with his newborn daughter but his request was denied , under then existing policy which reserved unpaid maternity-child care leave to women only . In what was to be a forerunner of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 , then teacher Ackerman successfully sued the Board in a landmark case which established the right of either parent to receive unpaid leave for child care . A quarter of a century",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": "later , now a Congressman , Ackerman in the House–Senate Conference Committee , signed the report of the Family and Medical Leave Act which became the law of the land .",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": " Ackermans second career move occurred in 1970 , when he left teaching to start a weekly community newspaper in Queens called The Flushing Tribune which soon became the Queens Tribune . Ackerman served as its editor and publisher .",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman was a member of the New York State Senate from 1979 to 1983 , sitting in the 183rd , 184th and 185th New York State Legislatures . U.S . House of Representatives .",
"title": "New York Senate"
},
{
"text": "Incumbent Democratic U.S . Congressman Benjamin Rosenthal died on January 4 , 1983 . Ackerman won the special election with a plurality of 49% . In 1984 , he won re-election to a full term with 69% of the vote . In 1986 , he won re-election with 77% , and was unopposed in 1988 and 1990 . After redistricting , he ran in New Yorks 5th congressional district . He won the Democratic primary with 60% , and the general election with 52% against Republican county legislator Allan E . Binder . In 1994 , he won re-election with",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "55% of the vote . Since then , he has won re-election with at least 63% of the vote .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " On March 15 , 2012 , Ackerman announced that he would retire at the end of the 112th Congress on January 3 , 2013 after fifteen terms , and would not seek re-election in November 2012 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman was the Congressional delegate to the United Nations . In addition , he was the ranking Democrat on the Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans . In 2002 , he was awarded Indias third highest civilian award , the Padma Bhushan for his contributions as member of the India Caucus in the Congress .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman was one of only 22 Congressman and one of 2 Democrats from New York to vote against a resolution calling for the protection of the symbols and traditions of Christmas . The resolution , which did not include language that would protect the symbols of other religious holidays , passed 401–22 in the House in December 2005 . In April 2003 the Catholic League for religious and civil rights attacked Ackerman for voting against a non-binding resolution that would have declared a day of prayer in recognition of the U.S . war in Iraq .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman received an A on the Drum Major Institutes 2005 Congressional Scorecard on middle-class issues . Ackerman was also a member of the Cuba Democracy Caucus and is currently the head of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians ( ICJP ) . Ackerman has missed voting on 80 occasions pertaining to a variety of issues , including the Pension Protection Act , the Tax Relief Extension Reconciliation Act , and the Honoring the Contributions of Catholic Schools .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "In June 2001 , Ackerman honored King Christian X of Denmark for his wearing a yellow badge armband during World War II in support of the Danish Jews who had been ordered by the Nazi occupation to wear yellow badges , although Jews in Denmark were never forced to wear an armband , and the story is merely a legend .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " Among Ackermans significant legislative undertakings , was the passage of his Baby AIDS amendment to the Ryan White Care Act . The measure requires mandatory HIV testing of newborns and disclosure of the results to the mother .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman championed the issue of newborn testing after discovering that 45 states , including New York , tested babies for HIV but used the data solely to track the prevalence of the disease in the population , and did not disclose the results to the mothers . As a result , thousands of mothers brought their infants home from the hospital , never aware that their children had tested positive for HIV . Ackerman stopped the anonymous testing from being reinstated in years that followed .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman also scored a victory in his efforts to ban downed animals from being sold as meat in supermarkets , restaurants and butcher stores . For a decade , Ackerman warned that use of such livestock was not only inhumane treatment of animals but also risked causing a Mad Cow disaster in the United States . His legislation fell on deaf ears until December 2003 , when his warning became prophetic and the Bush Administration—among those who had opposed the bill—finally imposed his ban through regulation .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman was also successful in getting Medicare to cover testing for prostate cancer .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": " In addition , Ackerman sponsored the first federal legislation to ban the use of handheld cell phones while driving .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": " Also law of the land is Ackermans measure requiring banks and financial companies to notify consumers when negative information is placed on their credit reports . Ackerman also sponsored legislation which is now law that in the wake of the Enron , WorldCom and other corporate scandals , prohibits accounting firms from consulting for the companies they audit . On October 3 , 2008 , Ackerman voted in favor of the Troubled Asset Relief Program .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "On January 8 , 2009 , Ackerman introduced a bill to order the Securities and Exchange Commission to re-institute the uptick rule , limiting the circumstances under which traders can sell stock short .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "On February 4 , 2009 , Ackerman criticized SEC Officials over the handling of tips given to them about the Bernie Madoff scandal . Ackerman believed that he was reflecting the publics opinion , saying : How are they supposed to have confidence that if somebody goes to you with a complaint—gives it to you on a silver platter with all the investigations , with all the numbers , with all of the data , telling you exactly what he did , how he did it , and why he did it and how he knows that—and after a period",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "after half a dozen or eight years , you dont know anything ?",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " Foreign policy and terrorism . On October 10 , 2002 , Ackerman was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq . Ackerman also convinced the Defense Department to stop garnishing wages from certain U.S . soldiers serving in the war against Iraq . Although troops who serve in combat zones are not required to pay federal taxes , many soldiers had failed to be granted the exemption .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "Other highlights include the Congressman authoring legislation that required President George W . Bush to impose sanctions against the Palestinian Authority for not complying with peace agreements it signed with the U.S . and Israel .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " In his capacity as the then Chairman of the Asia Subcommittee , Ackerman made history in the 1990s by traveling to North Korea to discuss non-proliferation . Upon his return to South Korea , Ackerman became the first person since the Korean War to cross the DMZ ( Demilitarized Zone ) . Enacted as well was his measure that prevents war criminals and human rights abusers who have perpetrated genocide , torture , terrorism or other atrocities , from entering the U.S . and deports those who have slipped in .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "He convinced the German government to establish a US$110 million fund to compensate 18,000 Holocaust survivors and to investigate whether 3,300 former Nazi soldiers now living in the U.S . and collecting German pensions are war criminals .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman is also well known for his many missions to feed the starving people of Ethiopia and the Sudan and for playing a leading role in the rescue of Ethiopian Jews and aiding their emigration to Israel . Active in the Middle East peace process , Ackerman has met with the current and most past Israeli prime ministers and the heads of all the Arab countries in an effort to help secure peace in the region . He also ventured to Kashmir enduring sub-freezing winter temperatures in an attempt to secure the release of four western hostages .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "In January 2011 , Ackerman criticized Jewish organizations including the Jewish Voice for Peace and J Street for their perspective of what actions had to be taken for a lasting Mideast peace .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " On January 12 , 2009 , Ackerman admitted to arranging a visit between Israeli officials and a defense contractor at the same time he was investing in that contractor . Although the visit did not result in any official deal between the parties , questions regarding his ethics were raised .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman was also successful in getting enacted , his bill that created the Heroes postage stamp , the revenue from which helps the families of rescue workers killed or permanently disabled while responding to the September 11 attacks . The stamp was based on a photograph entitled Ground Zero Spirit . In addition , the Congressman lobbied federal security officials—with the September 11 , 2001 attacks in mind—to use retired law enforcement officers as screeners at New York airports and he pressed President Bush to make good on his promise to provide New York with US$20 billion in additional 9/11",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "disaster aid .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Ackerman voted to extend expiring provisions of the PATRIOT Act and voted in favor of the National Defense Authorization Act ( NDAA ) for Fiscal Year 2012 . State and local issues .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman participated in forcing the State of Hawaii to change its law that forbade blind individuals from bringing their guide dogs with them to the islands . The Congressman chaired an investigation and bipartisan hearing into whether New York City and Long Island officials properly used the spraying of Malathion during the West Nile virus outbreak . He also obtained federal funds to combat a return of the virus .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " - Committee on Financial Services - Subcommittee on Capital Markets , Insurance , and Government-Sponsored Enterprises - Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit - Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific - Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia ( Ranking Member )",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman , who sports a white carnation boutonnière each day , lives on a houseboat named the Unsinkable II while in Washington , D.C . and otherwise resides in Roslyn Heights in Nassau County with his wife Rita , having moved there from a home in Jamaica Estates , Queens that sold for US$1 million in 2008 . The Ackermans have three children : Lauren , Corey , and Ari . Ackerman is an amateur photographer , an avid stamp collector and a boating enthusiast . He is also an Eagle Scout .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "At the 2006 meeting of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians ( ICJP ) , Ackerman was unanimously elected to serve as the executive of the organization .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman was named an honorary graduate of the United States Merchant Marine Academy for his continued support of the service academy located in Kings Point , New York . Ackerman also has a street named after him located in Central Islip , New York .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Gary_Ackerman#P69#2
|
Gary Ackerman went to which school after Feb 1968?
|
Gary Ackerman Gary Leonard Ackerman ( born November 19 , 1942 ) is a retired American politician and former U.S . Representative from New York , serving from 1983 to 2013 . He is a member of the Democratic Party . On March 15 , 2012 , Ackerman announced that he would retire at the end of the 112th Congress on January 3 , 2013 after fifteen terms , and would not seek re-election in November 2012 . Early life , education , and early career . Ackerman was born in Brooklyn , the son of Eva ( née Barnett ) and Max Ackerman . His grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Russia and Poland . He was raised in Flushing , Queens . He attended local public schools , Brooklyn Technical High School and graduated from Queens College in 1965 . After college , Ackerman became a New York City School teacher where he taught social studies , mathematics , and journalism to junior high school students in Queens . Following the birth of his first child in 1969 , Ackerman petitioned the New York City Board of Education for an unpaid leave of absence to spend time with his newborn daughter but his request was denied , under then existing policy which reserved unpaid maternity-child care leave to women only . In what was to be a forerunner of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 , then teacher Ackerman successfully sued the Board in a landmark case which established the right of either parent to receive unpaid leave for child care . A quarter of a century later , now a Congressman , Ackerman in the House–Senate Conference Committee , signed the report of the Family and Medical Leave Act which became the law of the land . Ackermans second career move occurred in 1970 , when he left teaching to start a weekly community newspaper in Queens called The Flushing Tribune which soon became the Queens Tribune . Ackerman served as its editor and publisher . New York Senate . Ackerman was a member of the New York State Senate from 1979 to 1983 , sitting in the 183rd , 184th and 185th New York State Legislatures . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . Incumbent Democratic U.S . Congressman Benjamin Rosenthal died on January 4 , 1983 . Ackerman won the special election with a plurality of 49% . In 1984 , he won re-election to a full term with 69% of the vote . In 1986 , he won re-election with 77% , and was unopposed in 1988 and 1990 . After redistricting , he ran in New Yorks 5th congressional district . He won the Democratic primary with 60% , and the general election with 52% against Republican county legislator Allan E . Binder . In 1994 , he won re-election with 55% of the vote . Since then , he has won re-election with at least 63% of the vote . On March 15 , 2012 , Ackerman announced that he would retire at the end of the 112th Congress on January 3 , 2013 after fifteen terms , and would not seek re-election in November 2012 . Tenure . Ackerman was the Congressional delegate to the United Nations . In addition , he was the ranking Democrat on the Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans . In 2002 , he was awarded Indias third highest civilian award , the Padma Bhushan for his contributions as member of the India Caucus in the Congress . Ackerman was one of only 22 Congressman and one of 2 Democrats from New York to vote against a resolution calling for the protection of the symbols and traditions of Christmas . The resolution , which did not include language that would protect the symbols of other religious holidays , passed 401–22 in the House in December 2005 . In April 2003 the Catholic League for religious and civil rights attacked Ackerman for voting against a non-binding resolution that would have declared a day of prayer in recognition of the U.S . war in Iraq . Ackerman received an A on the Drum Major Institutes 2005 Congressional Scorecard on middle-class issues . Ackerman was also a member of the Cuba Democracy Caucus and is currently the head of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians ( ICJP ) . Ackerman has missed voting on 80 occasions pertaining to a variety of issues , including the Pension Protection Act , the Tax Relief Extension Reconciliation Act , and the Honoring the Contributions of Catholic Schools . In June 2001 , Ackerman honored King Christian X of Denmark for his wearing a yellow badge armband during World War II in support of the Danish Jews who had been ordered by the Nazi occupation to wear yellow badges , although Jews in Denmark were never forced to wear an armband , and the story is merely a legend . Health . Among Ackermans significant legislative undertakings , was the passage of his Baby AIDS amendment to the Ryan White Care Act . The measure requires mandatory HIV testing of newborns and disclosure of the results to the mother . Ackerman championed the issue of newborn testing after discovering that 45 states , including New York , tested babies for HIV but used the data solely to track the prevalence of the disease in the population , and did not disclose the results to the mothers . As a result , thousands of mothers brought their infants home from the hospital , never aware that their children had tested positive for HIV . Ackerman stopped the anonymous testing from being reinstated in years that followed . Ackerman also scored a victory in his efforts to ban downed animals from being sold as meat in supermarkets , restaurants and butcher stores . For a decade , Ackerman warned that use of such livestock was not only inhumane treatment of animals but also risked causing a Mad Cow disaster in the United States . His legislation fell on deaf ears until December 2003 , when his warning became prophetic and the Bush Administration—among those who had opposed the bill—finally imposed his ban through regulation . Ackerman was also successful in getting Medicare to cover testing for prostate cancer . In addition , Ackerman sponsored the first federal legislation to ban the use of handheld cell phones while driving . Finance . Also law of the land is Ackermans measure requiring banks and financial companies to notify consumers when negative information is placed on their credit reports . Ackerman also sponsored legislation which is now law that in the wake of the Enron , WorldCom and other corporate scandals , prohibits accounting firms from consulting for the companies they audit . On October 3 , 2008 , Ackerman voted in favor of the Troubled Asset Relief Program . On January 8 , 2009 , Ackerman introduced a bill to order the Securities and Exchange Commission to re-institute the uptick rule , limiting the circumstances under which traders can sell stock short . On February 4 , 2009 , Ackerman criticized SEC Officials over the handling of tips given to them about the Bernie Madoff scandal . Ackerman believed that he was reflecting the publics opinion , saying : How are they supposed to have confidence that if somebody goes to you with a complaint—gives it to you on a silver platter with all the investigations , with all the numbers , with all of the data , telling you exactly what he did , how he did it , and why he did it and how he knows that—and after a period after half a dozen or eight years , you dont know anything ? Foreign policy and terrorism . On October 10 , 2002 , Ackerman was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq . Ackerman also convinced the Defense Department to stop garnishing wages from certain U.S . soldiers serving in the war against Iraq . Although troops who serve in combat zones are not required to pay federal taxes , many soldiers had failed to be granted the exemption . Other highlights include the Congressman authoring legislation that required President George W . Bush to impose sanctions against the Palestinian Authority for not complying with peace agreements it signed with the U.S . and Israel . In his capacity as the then Chairman of the Asia Subcommittee , Ackerman made history in the 1990s by traveling to North Korea to discuss non-proliferation . Upon his return to South Korea , Ackerman became the first person since the Korean War to cross the DMZ ( Demilitarized Zone ) . Enacted as well was his measure that prevents war criminals and human rights abusers who have perpetrated genocide , torture , terrorism or other atrocities , from entering the U.S . and deports those who have slipped in . He convinced the German government to establish a US$110 million fund to compensate 18,000 Holocaust survivors and to investigate whether 3,300 former Nazi soldiers now living in the U.S . and collecting German pensions are war criminals . Ackerman is also well known for his many missions to feed the starving people of Ethiopia and the Sudan and for playing a leading role in the rescue of Ethiopian Jews and aiding their emigration to Israel . Active in the Middle East peace process , Ackerman has met with the current and most past Israeli prime ministers and the heads of all the Arab countries in an effort to help secure peace in the region . He also ventured to Kashmir enduring sub-freezing winter temperatures in an attempt to secure the release of four western hostages . In January 2011 , Ackerman criticized Jewish organizations including the Jewish Voice for Peace and J Street for their perspective of what actions had to be taken for a lasting Mideast peace . On January 12 , 2009 , Ackerman admitted to arranging a visit between Israeli officials and a defense contractor at the same time he was investing in that contractor . Although the visit did not result in any official deal between the parties , questions regarding his ethics were raised . Ackerman was also successful in getting enacted , his bill that created the Heroes postage stamp , the revenue from which helps the families of rescue workers killed or permanently disabled while responding to the September 11 attacks . The stamp was based on a photograph entitled Ground Zero Spirit . In addition , the Congressman lobbied federal security officials—with the September 11 , 2001 attacks in mind—to use retired law enforcement officers as screeners at New York airports and he pressed President Bush to make good on his promise to provide New York with US$20 billion in additional 9/11 disaster aid . In 2011 , Ackerman voted to extend expiring provisions of the PATRIOT Act and voted in favor of the National Defense Authorization Act ( NDAA ) for Fiscal Year 2012 . State and local issues . Ackerman participated in forcing the State of Hawaii to change its law that forbade blind individuals from bringing their guide dogs with them to the islands . The Congressman chaired an investigation and bipartisan hearing into whether New York City and Long Island officials properly used the spraying of Malathion during the West Nile virus outbreak . He also obtained federal funds to combat a return of the virus . Committee assignments . - Committee on Financial Services - Subcommittee on Capital Markets , Insurance , and Government-Sponsored Enterprises - Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit - Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific - Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia ( Ranking Member ) Caucus memberships . - Congressional Arts Caucus - Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans Personal life . Ackerman , who sports a white carnation boutonnière each day , lives on a houseboat named the Unsinkable II while in Washington , D.C . and otherwise resides in Roslyn Heights in Nassau County with his wife Rita , having moved there from a home in Jamaica Estates , Queens that sold for US$1 million in 2008 . The Ackermans have three children : Lauren , Corey , and Ari . Ackerman is an amateur photographer , an avid stamp collector and a boating enthusiast . He is also an Eagle Scout . At the 2006 meeting of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians ( ICJP ) , Ackerman was unanimously elected to serve as the executive of the organization . Ackerman was named an honorary graduate of the United States Merchant Marine Academy for his continued support of the service academy located in Kings Point , New York . Ackerman also has a street named after him located in Central Islip , New York .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Gary Leonard Ackerman ( born November 19 , 1942 ) is a retired American politician and former U.S . Representative from New York , serving from 1983 to 2013 . He is a member of the Democratic Party . On March 15 , 2012 , Ackerman announced that he would retire at the end of the 112th Congress on January 3 , 2013 after fifteen terms , and would not seek re-election in November 2012 . Early life , education , and early career .",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman was born in Brooklyn , the son of Eva ( née Barnett ) and Max Ackerman . His grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Russia and Poland . He was raised in Flushing , Queens . He attended local public schools , Brooklyn Technical High School and graduated from Queens College in 1965 . After college , Ackerman became a New York City School teacher where he taught social studies , mathematics , and journalism to junior high school students in Queens .",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": "Following the birth of his first child in 1969 , Ackerman petitioned the New York City Board of Education for an unpaid leave of absence to spend time with his newborn daughter but his request was denied , under then existing policy which reserved unpaid maternity-child care leave to women only . In what was to be a forerunner of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 , then teacher Ackerman successfully sued the Board in a landmark case which established the right of either parent to receive unpaid leave for child care . A quarter of a century",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": "later , now a Congressman , Ackerman in the House–Senate Conference Committee , signed the report of the Family and Medical Leave Act which became the law of the land .",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": " Ackermans second career move occurred in 1970 , when he left teaching to start a weekly community newspaper in Queens called The Flushing Tribune which soon became the Queens Tribune . Ackerman served as its editor and publisher .",
"title": "Gary Ackerman"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman was a member of the New York State Senate from 1979 to 1983 , sitting in the 183rd , 184th and 185th New York State Legislatures . U.S . House of Representatives .",
"title": "New York Senate"
},
{
"text": "Incumbent Democratic U.S . Congressman Benjamin Rosenthal died on January 4 , 1983 . Ackerman won the special election with a plurality of 49% . In 1984 , he won re-election to a full term with 69% of the vote . In 1986 , he won re-election with 77% , and was unopposed in 1988 and 1990 . After redistricting , he ran in New Yorks 5th congressional district . He won the Democratic primary with 60% , and the general election with 52% against Republican county legislator Allan E . Binder . In 1994 , he won re-election with",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "55% of the vote . Since then , he has won re-election with at least 63% of the vote .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " On March 15 , 2012 , Ackerman announced that he would retire at the end of the 112th Congress on January 3 , 2013 after fifteen terms , and would not seek re-election in November 2012 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman was the Congressional delegate to the United Nations . In addition , he was the ranking Democrat on the Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans . In 2002 , he was awarded Indias third highest civilian award , the Padma Bhushan for his contributions as member of the India Caucus in the Congress .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman was one of only 22 Congressman and one of 2 Democrats from New York to vote against a resolution calling for the protection of the symbols and traditions of Christmas . The resolution , which did not include language that would protect the symbols of other religious holidays , passed 401–22 in the House in December 2005 . In April 2003 the Catholic League for religious and civil rights attacked Ackerman for voting against a non-binding resolution that would have declared a day of prayer in recognition of the U.S . war in Iraq .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman received an A on the Drum Major Institutes 2005 Congressional Scorecard on middle-class issues . Ackerman was also a member of the Cuba Democracy Caucus and is currently the head of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians ( ICJP ) . Ackerman has missed voting on 80 occasions pertaining to a variety of issues , including the Pension Protection Act , the Tax Relief Extension Reconciliation Act , and the Honoring the Contributions of Catholic Schools .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "In June 2001 , Ackerman honored King Christian X of Denmark for his wearing a yellow badge armband during World War II in support of the Danish Jews who had been ordered by the Nazi occupation to wear yellow badges , although Jews in Denmark were never forced to wear an armband , and the story is merely a legend .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " Among Ackermans significant legislative undertakings , was the passage of his Baby AIDS amendment to the Ryan White Care Act . The measure requires mandatory HIV testing of newborns and disclosure of the results to the mother .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman championed the issue of newborn testing after discovering that 45 states , including New York , tested babies for HIV but used the data solely to track the prevalence of the disease in the population , and did not disclose the results to the mothers . As a result , thousands of mothers brought their infants home from the hospital , never aware that their children had tested positive for HIV . Ackerman stopped the anonymous testing from being reinstated in years that followed .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman also scored a victory in his efforts to ban downed animals from being sold as meat in supermarkets , restaurants and butcher stores . For a decade , Ackerman warned that use of such livestock was not only inhumane treatment of animals but also risked causing a Mad Cow disaster in the United States . His legislation fell on deaf ears until December 2003 , when his warning became prophetic and the Bush Administration—among those who had opposed the bill—finally imposed his ban through regulation .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman was also successful in getting Medicare to cover testing for prostate cancer .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": " In addition , Ackerman sponsored the first federal legislation to ban the use of handheld cell phones while driving .",
"title": "Health"
},
{
"text": " Also law of the land is Ackermans measure requiring banks and financial companies to notify consumers when negative information is placed on their credit reports . Ackerman also sponsored legislation which is now law that in the wake of the Enron , WorldCom and other corporate scandals , prohibits accounting firms from consulting for the companies they audit . On October 3 , 2008 , Ackerman voted in favor of the Troubled Asset Relief Program .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "On January 8 , 2009 , Ackerman introduced a bill to order the Securities and Exchange Commission to re-institute the uptick rule , limiting the circumstances under which traders can sell stock short .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "On February 4 , 2009 , Ackerman criticized SEC Officials over the handling of tips given to them about the Bernie Madoff scandal . Ackerman believed that he was reflecting the publics opinion , saying : How are they supposed to have confidence that if somebody goes to you with a complaint—gives it to you on a silver platter with all the investigations , with all the numbers , with all of the data , telling you exactly what he did , how he did it , and why he did it and how he knows that—and after a period",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "after half a dozen or eight years , you dont know anything ?",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " Foreign policy and terrorism . On October 10 , 2002 , Ackerman was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq . Ackerman also convinced the Defense Department to stop garnishing wages from certain U.S . soldiers serving in the war against Iraq . Although troops who serve in combat zones are not required to pay federal taxes , many soldiers had failed to be granted the exemption .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "Other highlights include the Congressman authoring legislation that required President George W . Bush to impose sanctions against the Palestinian Authority for not complying with peace agreements it signed with the U.S . and Israel .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " In his capacity as the then Chairman of the Asia Subcommittee , Ackerman made history in the 1990s by traveling to North Korea to discuss non-proliferation . Upon his return to South Korea , Ackerman became the first person since the Korean War to cross the DMZ ( Demilitarized Zone ) . Enacted as well was his measure that prevents war criminals and human rights abusers who have perpetrated genocide , torture , terrorism or other atrocities , from entering the U.S . and deports those who have slipped in .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "He convinced the German government to establish a US$110 million fund to compensate 18,000 Holocaust survivors and to investigate whether 3,300 former Nazi soldiers now living in the U.S . and collecting German pensions are war criminals .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman is also well known for his many missions to feed the starving people of Ethiopia and the Sudan and for playing a leading role in the rescue of Ethiopian Jews and aiding their emigration to Israel . Active in the Middle East peace process , Ackerman has met with the current and most past Israeli prime ministers and the heads of all the Arab countries in an effort to help secure peace in the region . He also ventured to Kashmir enduring sub-freezing winter temperatures in an attempt to secure the release of four western hostages .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "In January 2011 , Ackerman criticized Jewish organizations including the Jewish Voice for Peace and J Street for their perspective of what actions had to be taken for a lasting Mideast peace .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " On January 12 , 2009 , Ackerman admitted to arranging a visit between Israeli officials and a defense contractor at the same time he was investing in that contractor . Although the visit did not result in any official deal between the parties , questions regarding his ethics were raised .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman was also successful in getting enacted , his bill that created the Heroes postage stamp , the revenue from which helps the families of rescue workers killed or permanently disabled while responding to the September 11 attacks . The stamp was based on a photograph entitled Ground Zero Spirit . In addition , the Congressman lobbied federal security officials—with the September 11 , 2001 attacks in mind—to use retired law enforcement officers as screeners at New York airports and he pressed President Bush to make good on his promise to provide New York with US$20 billion in additional 9/11",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "disaster aid .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " In 2011 , Ackerman voted to extend expiring provisions of the PATRIOT Act and voted in favor of the National Defense Authorization Act ( NDAA ) for Fiscal Year 2012 . State and local issues .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": "Ackerman participated in forcing the State of Hawaii to change its law that forbade blind individuals from bringing their guide dogs with them to the islands . The Congressman chaired an investigation and bipartisan hearing into whether New York City and Long Island officials properly used the spraying of Malathion during the West Nile virus outbreak . He also obtained federal funds to combat a return of the virus .",
"title": "Finance"
},
{
"text": " - Committee on Financial Services - Subcommittee on Capital Markets , Insurance , and Government-Sponsored Enterprises - Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit - Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific - Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia ( Ranking Member )",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman , who sports a white carnation boutonnière each day , lives on a houseboat named the Unsinkable II while in Washington , D.C . and otherwise resides in Roslyn Heights in Nassau County with his wife Rita , having moved there from a home in Jamaica Estates , Queens that sold for US$1 million in 2008 . The Ackermans have three children : Lauren , Corey , and Ari . Ackerman is an amateur photographer , an avid stamp collector and a boating enthusiast . He is also an Eagle Scout .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "At the 2006 meeting of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians ( ICJP ) , Ackerman was unanimously elected to serve as the executive of the organization .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Ackerman was named an honorary graduate of the United States Merchant Marine Academy for his continued support of the service academy located in Kings Point , New York . Ackerman also has a street named after him located in Central Islip , New York .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_of_Bedford#P39#0
|
John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford took which position between Sep 1540 and Nov 1541?
|
John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford ( c . 1485 – 14 March 1555 ) was an English royal minister in the Tudor era . He served variously as Lord High Admiral and Lord Privy Seal . Among the lands and property he was given by Henry VIII after the Dissolution of the Monasteries , were the Abbey and town of Tavistock , and the area that is now Covent Garden . Russell is the ancestor of all subsequent Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Earls Russell , including John Russell , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and philosopher Bertrand Russell . Origins . John Russell was born ca . 1485 probably at Berwick-by-Swyre , Dorset , the son of Sir James Russell ( d . Nov . 1505 ) and his first wife Alice Wyse , daughter of Thomas Wyse of Sidenham , near Tavistock , Devon . Jamess father was possibly Sir William Russell , but more likely his brother John Russell ( d . pre November , 1505 ) by his wife Alice Froxmere , daughter of John Froxmere of Droitwich , Worcestershire , because his coat of arms quarters Froxmere . The elder John Russell was the son of Sir Henry Russell ( d . 1463/4 ) , and Elizabeth Herring , daughter of John Herring of Chaldon Herring . Henry , great-grandfather of the 1st Earl , was a substantial wine merchant and shipper , who represented Weymouth in the House of Commons four times . The Russell pedigree can only be traced back with certainty to Henry Russells father , Sir Stephen Russell , the evidence being contained in a deed of April 1440 in which Henry Russell made over to his daughter Christina and her husband Walter Cheverell of Chauntemarle , a tenement in Dorchester to be held of himself and his heirs upon rent of a red rose . In the deed Henry referred to himself as son and heir of Sir Stephen Russell and of Alice his wife . This Alice appears to have been the heir general of the De la Tour family , which had long owned Berwick-by-Swyre , and by whom therefore the manor was brought into the Russell family . Both Sir Henry and Sir Stephen were referred to as Gascoigne as well as Russell , possibly due to their wine trade with France , as in a 1442 pardon under the Privy Seal referring to Henry Russell of Weymouth , merchant , alias Henry Gascoign , gentleman . It was long believed in the noble Russell family , certainly by the 2nd Earl of Bedford , that the family was descended from the ancient family of Russell of Kingston Russell in Dorset , three miles northeast of Berwick , which descent was declared unproven by Gladys Scott Thomson in her Two Centuries of Family History , London , 1930 , an exhaustive and scholarly work on the early pedigree of the Earls of Bedford . ( For a disambiguation of the Bedford Russells and the Russells of Kingston Russell , see Kingston Russell ) . Career . In 1506 John Russell was of service to Archduke Philip of Austria and Juana his wife ( King and Queen of Castile ) when they were shipwrecked off Weymouth , and escorted the royal couple to the English court in London . He was one of the most accomplished gentlemen of his time and so impressed them by his gracious manners that they praised him highly to King Henry VII . He became a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Henry VII in 1507 and to his son and successor Henry VIII in 1509 , who employed him in various military and diplomatic missions during the War of the League of Cambrai . He was at the taking of Thérouanne and Tournai . He was knighted on 2 July 1522 after losing an eye at the taking of Morlaix in Brittany , and he witnessed the Battle of Pavia . Following his marriage in the Spring of 1526 he made alterations to his ancestral seat Chenies Manor House to reflect his new good fortunes . He now stood in favour with the King and Cardinal Wolsey , though he would not suffer disgrace at the fall of the latter . He was made High Sheriff of Dorset and Somerset in 1528 and served as Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire 1529–1536 , retaining the royal favour despite the antipathy of Anne Boleyn . Late in 1536 , he was made a Privy Counsellor , and helped to suppress the Pilgrimage of Grace . The fall and execution of Henry Courtenay , Marquess of Exeter , left a power vacuum in the south-western counties of England , which Russell was called upon to fill . On 9 March 1538/1539 he was created Baron Russell , and appointed Lord President of the Council of the West . In the next month , he was made a Knight of the Garter . In July 1539 he was made High Steward of Cornwall , and Lord Warden of the Stannaries . The Council of the West proved unsuccessful as an instrument of government , and did not survive the fall of Cromwell . Russell , however , remained a great magnate in the western counties , and obtained the office of Lord High Admiral in 1540 . ( The previous holder , the Earl of Southampton , replaced Cromwell as Lord Privy Seal. ) After Henry VIII met Anne of Cleves at Rochester , the next day he asked Russell if he thought her fair . Russell replied with his natural diplomacy and prudence that he took her not to be fair , but of a brown complexion . In 1542 , Russell himself resigned the Admiralty and succeeded to the Privy Seal on the death of Southampton . He was High Steward of the University of Oxford from 1543 till his death . During the Italian War of 1542 , he unsuccessfully besieged Montreuil in 1544 , and was Captain General of the Vanguard of the army for the attack on Boulogne in 1545 . He was a close companion of King Henry VIII during the last years of his reign . On Henrys death in 1547 , he was one of the executors of the Kings will , and one of sixteen counsellors during the minority of his son King Edward VI . On 21 June 1553 he was one of the twenty-six peers who signed the settlement of the crown on Lady Jane Grey . He was sent to attend King Philip II into England on his arrival from Spain to wed the Queen Mary . Earldom . He was Lord High Steward at the Coronation of King Edward VI ( 1547–1553 ) on 20 February 1547 . He was created by that young king ( in practice by the Regent ) Earl of Bedford on 19 January 1550 for his assistance in carrying out the order of the Council against images and for promoting the new religion . In 1552 , he was made Lord Lieutenant of Devon . Marriage and progeny . In the spring of 1526 he married Anne Sapcote , daughter of Sir Guy Sapcote of Huntingdonshire by his wife Margaret Wolston and widow successively of John Broughton ( d . 24 January 1518 ) of Toddington , Bedfordshire , by whom she had a son and three daughters , and secondly of Sir Richard Jerningham ( d.1525 ) , by whom she had no issue . By Anne Sapcote he had one child : - Francis Russell , 2nd Earl of Bedford ( 1527–1585 ) , son and heir . Step-children . The issue of Anne Sapcote by her first husband John Broughton ( d . 1518 ) were as follows : - John Broughton ( d . 1528 ) . - Katherine Broughton ( d . 23 April 1533 ) , who was the ward firstly of Cardinal Wolsey , and secondly Agnes Howard , Duchess of Norfolk , who arranged the marriage of Katherine , as his first wife , to her eldest son , William Howard , 1st Baron Howard of Effingham . - Anne Broughton ( d . 16 May 1562 ) , who married , as his second wife , by dispensation dated 24 May 1539 , Sir Thomas Cheyney , Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports . There is a monument to her at Toddington . - Daughter whose name is unknown , and who died between July 1517 and 1529 . Death and burial . Russell died on 14 March 1554/5 and was buried at his ancestral manor of Chenies , Buckinghamshire , in the private Bedford Chapel of the parish church next to Chenies Manor House , his former chief residence . The Dukes of Bedford continue to be buried in this chapel . His widow , Anne , died on 14 March 1559 and was buried at Chenies 21 March 1559 . Succession . Russell is the ancestor of all subsequent Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Earls Russell , including John Russell , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the philosopher Bertrand Russell . Properties acquired . On the Dissolution of the Monasteries King Henry VIII granted Russell lands and properties including Tavistock Abbey and Plympton Abbey in Devon , the wealthiest two abbeys in Devon , and the Cistercian Dunkeswell Abbey also in Devon . He was granted the Blackfriars in Exeter , on the site of which he built his opulent townhouse known as Bedford House , from where he conducted his duties as Lord Lieutenant of Devon . These grants made him the largest landowner in Devon . In Bedfordshire he acquired the site of Woburn Abbey which he made his chief seat . In London he was granted seven acres ( 28,000 m ) called Long Acre , and the kitchen garden of Westminster Abbey , which is now the site of Covent Garden . The present Duke of Bedford ( or his trustees , the Bedford trustees ) retain still in 2013 several acres of prime London property comprising the Bedford Estate centred on Bedford Square and Tavistock Square . Garter stall plate . John Russells Garter stall plate survives affixed to the back of his stall in St Georges Chapel , Windsor Castle . The shield shows quarterly of four : 1st grand quarter : quarterly 1st & 4th : Argent , a lion rampant gules on a chief sable three escallops of the first ( Russell ) ; 2nd & 3rd : Azure , a tower argent ( de la Tour ) ; 2nd Gules , three herrings hauriant argent ( Herringham ) ; 3rd Sable , a griffin segreant between three crosses crosslet fitchy argent ( Froxmere ) ; 4th : Sable , three chevronnels ermine in dexter chief a crescent or for difference ( Wyse ) . Crest : A goat passant argent ; Supporters : Dexter : A goat argent , Sinister : A lion rampant gules Motto : Plus que Jamais ( More than Never ) . Inscription in French : Du tres noble et puisant Seigneur Johan Conte de Bedford Baron Russell Chevalier du tres noble Ordre de la Jarretiere et Garduen du Prive Seau , fust enstalle a Wyndsor le XVIII jure de Maye lan du Roy Henry VIII de son reigne XXXI lan 1539 ( Of the very noble and powerful Lord John , Earl of Bedford , Baron Russell , Knight of the Very Noble Order of the Garter and Keeper of the Privy Seal was installed at Windsor the 18th day of May the year of King Henry VIII of his reign the 31st , the year 1539 ) . References . - . A severe and detailed critique of the work of Wiffen . - ( Includes an early pedigree of the Earls of Bedford , and builds on J . Horace Rounds critique of Wiffen ) - Fatally flawed in its erroneous linkage of the Russell Earls of Bedford with the baronial Russells of Kingston Russell . External links . - Will of Lady Anne , Countess of Bedford , proved 21 March 1559 , PROB 11/42A/512 , National Archives Retrieved 30 May 2013 - John Russell at Tudor Place
|
[
"Lord High Admiral"
] |
[
{
"text": "John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford ( c . 1485 – 14 March 1555 ) was an English royal minister in the Tudor era . He served variously as Lord High Admiral and Lord Privy Seal . Among the lands and property he was given by Henry VIII after the Dissolution of the Monasteries , were the Abbey and town of Tavistock , and the area that is now Covent Garden . Russell is the ancestor of all subsequent Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Earls Russell , including John Russell , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and",
"title": "John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford"
},
{
"text": "philosopher Bertrand Russell .",
"title": "John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford"
},
{
"text": "John Russell was born ca . 1485 probably at Berwick-by-Swyre , Dorset , the son of Sir James Russell ( d . Nov . 1505 ) and his first wife Alice Wyse , daughter of Thomas Wyse of Sidenham , near Tavistock , Devon . Jamess father was possibly Sir William Russell , but more likely his brother John Russell ( d . pre November , 1505 ) by his wife Alice Froxmere , daughter of John Froxmere of Droitwich , Worcestershire , because his coat of arms quarters Froxmere . The elder John Russell was the son of Sir",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "Henry Russell ( d . 1463/4 ) , and Elizabeth Herring , daughter of John Herring of Chaldon Herring . Henry , great-grandfather of the 1st Earl , was a substantial wine merchant and shipper , who represented Weymouth in the House of Commons four times .",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "The Russell pedigree can only be traced back with certainty to Henry Russells father , Sir Stephen Russell , the evidence being contained in a deed of April 1440 in which Henry Russell made over to his daughter Christina and her husband Walter Cheverell of Chauntemarle , a tenement in Dorchester to be held of himself and his heirs upon rent of a red rose . In the deed Henry referred to himself as son and heir of Sir Stephen Russell and of Alice his wife . This Alice appears to have been the heir general of the De la",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "Tour family , which had long owned Berwick-by-Swyre , and by whom therefore the manor was brought into the Russell family .",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "Both Sir Henry and Sir Stephen were referred to as Gascoigne as well as Russell , possibly due to their wine trade with France , as in a 1442 pardon under the Privy Seal referring to Henry Russell of Weymouth , merchant , alias Henry Gascoign , gentleman . It was long believed in the noble Russell family , certainly by the 2nd Earl of Bedford , that the family was descended from the ancient family of Russell of Kingston Russell in Dorset , three miles northeast of Berwick , which descent was declared unproven by Gladys Scott Thomson in",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "her Two Centuries of Family History , London , 1930 , an exhaustive and scholarly work on the early pedigree of the Earls of Bedford . ( For a disambiguation of the Bedford Russells and the Russells of Kingston Russell , see Kingston Russell ) .",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "In 1506 John Russell was of service to Archduke Philip of Austria and Juana his wife ( King and Queen of Castile ) when they were shipwrecked off Weymouth , and escorted the royal couple to the English court in London . He was one of the most accomplished gentlemen of his time and so impressed them by his gracious manners that they praised him highly to King Henry VII . He became a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Henry VII in 1507 and to his son and successor Henry VIII in 1509 , who employed him in various",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "military and diplomatic missions during the War of the League of Cambrai . He was at the taking of Thérouanne and Tournai . He was knighted on 2 July 1522 after losing an eye at the taking of Morlaix in Brittany , and he witnessed the Battle of Pavia .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Following his marriage in the Spring of 1526 he made alterations to his ancestral seat Chenies Manor House to reflect his new good fortunes . He now stood in favour with the King and Cardinal Wolsey , though he would not suffer disgrace at the fall of the latter .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He was made High Sheriff of Dorset and Somerset in 1528 and served as Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire 1529–1536 , retaining the royal favour despite the antipathy of Anne Boleyn . Late in 1536 , he was made a Privy Counsellor , and helped to suppress the Pilgrimage of Grace .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " The fall and execution of Henry Courtenay , Marquess of Exeter , left a power vacuum in the south-western counties of England , which Russell was called upon to fill . On 9 March 1538/1539 he was created Baron Russell , and appointed Lord President of the Council of the West . In the next month , he was made a Knight of the Garter . In July 1539 he was made High Steward of Cornwall , and Lord Warden of the Stannaries .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "The Council of the West proved unsuccessful as an instrument of government , and did not survive the fall of Cromwell . Russell , however , remained a great magnate in the western counties , and obtained the office of Lord High Admiral in 1540 . ( The previous holder , the Earl of Southampton , replaced Cromwell as Lord Privy Seal. ) After Henry VIII met Anne of Cleves at Rochester , the next day he asked Russell if he thought her fair . Russell replied with his natural diplomacy and prudence that he took her not to be",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "fair , but of a brown complexion . In 1542 , Russell himself resigned the Admiralty and succeeded to the Privy Seal on the death of Southampton . He was High Steward of the University of Oxford from 1543 till his death .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " During the Italian War of 1542 , he unsuccessfully besieged Montreuil in 1544 , and was Captain General of the Vanguard of the army for the attack on Boulogne in 1545 . He was a close companion of King Henry VIII during the last years of his reign . On Henrys death in 1547 , he was one of the executors of the Kings will , and one of sixteen counsellors during the minority of his son King Edward VI .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "On 21 June 1553 he was one of the twenty-six peers who signed the settlement of the crown on Lady Jane Grey . He was sent to attend King Philip II into England on his arrival from Spain to wed the Queen Mary .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He was Lord High Steward at the Coronation of King Edward VI ( 1547–1553 ) on 20 February 1547 . He was created by that young king ( in practice by the Regent ) Earl of Bedford on 19 January 1550 for his assistance in carrying out the order of the Council against images and for promoting the new religion . In 1552 , he was made Lord Lieutenant of Devon .",
"title": "Earldom"
},
{
"text": " In the spring of 1526 he married Anne Sapcote , daughter of Sir Guy Sapcote of Huntingdonshire by his wife Margaret Wolston and widow successively of John Broughton ( d . 24 January 1518 ) of Toddington , Bedfordshire , by whom she had a son and three daughters , and secondly of Sir Richard Jerningham ( d.1525 ) , by whom she had no issue . By Anne Sapcote he had one child : - Francis Russell , 2nd Earl of Bedford ( 1527–1585 ) , son and heir .",
"title": "Marriage and progeny"
},
{
"text": " The issue of Anne Sapcote by her first husband John Broughton ( d . 1518 ) were as follows : - John Broughton ( d . 1528 ) . - Katherine Broughton ( d . 23 April 1533 ) , who was the ward firstly of Cardinal Wolsey , and secondly Agnes Howard , Duchess of Norfolk , who arranged the marriage of Katherine , as his first wife , to her eldest son , William Howard , 1st Baron Howard of Effingham .",
"title": "Step-children"
},
{
"text": "- Anne Broughton ( d . 16 May 1562 ) , who married , as his second wife , by dispensation dated 24 May 1539 , Sir Thomas Cheyney , Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports . There is a monument to her at Toddington .",
"title": "Step-children"
},
{
"text": " - Daughter whose name is unknown , and who died between July 1517 and 1529 .",
"title": "Step-children"
},
{
"text": " Russell died on 14 March 1554/5 and was buried at his ancestral manor of Chenies , Buckinghamshire , in the private Bedford Chapel of the parish church next to Chenies Manor House , his former chief residence . The Dukes of Bedford continue to be buried in this chapel . His widow , Anne , died on 14 March 1559 and was buried at Chenies 21 March 1559 .",
"title": "Death and burial"
},
{
"text": " Russell is the ancestor of all subsequent Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Earls Russell , including John Russell , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the philosopher Bertrand Russell .",
"title": "Succession"
},
{
"text": "On the Dissolution of the Monasteries King Henry VIII granted Russell lands and properties including Tavistock Abbey and Plympton Abbey in Devon , the wealthiest two abbeys in Devon , and the Cistercian Dunkeswell Abbey also in Devon . He was granted the Blackfriars in Exeter , on the site of which he built his opulent townhouse known as Bedford House , from where he conducted his duties as Lord Lieutenant of Devon . These grants made him the largest landowner in Devon . In Bedfordshire he acquired the site of Woburn Abbey which he made his chief seat .",
"title": "Properties acquired"
},
{
"text": "In London he was granted seven acres ( 28,000 m ) called Long Acre , and the kitchen garden of Westminster Abbey , which is now the site of Covent Garden . The present Duke of Bedford ( or his trustees , the Bedford trustees ) retain still in 2013 several acres of prime London property comprising the Bedford Estate centred on Bedford Square and Tavistock Square .",
"title": "Properties acquired"
},
{
"text": "John Russells Garter stall plate survives affixed to the back of his stall in St Georges Chapel , Windsor Castle . The shield shows quarterly of four : 1st grand quarter : quarterly 1st & 4th : Argent , a lion rampant gules on a chief sable three escallops of the first ( Russell ) ; 2nd & 3rd : Azure , a tower argent ( de la Tour ) ; 2nd Gules , three herrings hauriant argent ( Herringham ) ; 3rd Sable , a griffin segreant between three crosses crosslet fitchy argent ( Froxmere ) ; 4th :",
"title": "Garter stall plate"
},
{
"text": "Sable , three chevronnels ermine in dexter chief a crescent or for difference ( Wyse ) . Crest : A goat passant argent ; Supporters : Dexter : A goat argent , Sinister : A lion rampant gules Motto : Plus que Jamais ( More than Never ) . Inscription in French : Du tres noble et puisant Seigneur Johan Conte de Bedford Baron Russell Chevalier du tres noble Ordre de la Jarretiere et Garduen du Prive Seau , fust enstalle a Wyndsor le XVIII jure de Maye lan du Roy Henry VIII de son reigne XXXI lan 1539 (",
"title": "Garter stall plate"
},
{
"text": "Of the very noble and powerful Lord John , Earl of Bedford , Baron Russell , Knight of the Very Noble Order of the Garter and Keeper of the Privy Seal was installed at Windsor the 18th day of May the year of King Henry VIII of his reign the 31st , the year 1539 ) .",
"title": "Garter stall plate"
},
{
"text": " - . A severe and detailed critique of the work of Wiffen . - ( Includes an early pedigree of the Earls of Bedford , and builds on J . Horace Rounds critique of Wiffen ) - Fatally flawed in its erroneous linkage of the Russell Earls of Bedford with the baronial Russells of Kingston Russell .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Will of Lady Anne , Countess of Bedford , proved 21 March 1559 , PROB 11/42A/512 , National Archives Retrieved 30 May 2013 - John Russell at Tudor Place",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_of_Bedford#P39#1
|
John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford took which position in late 1540s?
|
John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford ( c . 1485 – 14 March 1555 ) was an English royal minister in the Tudor era . He served variously as Lord High Admiral and Lord Privy Seal . Among the lands and property he was given by Henry VIII after the Dissolution of the Monasteries , were the Abbey and town of Tavistock , and the area that is now Covent Garden . Russell is the ancestor of all subsequent Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Earls Russell , including John Russell , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and philosopher Bertrand Russell . Origins . John Russell was born ca . 1485 probably at Berwick-by-Swyre , Dorset , the son of Sir James Russell ( d . Nov . 1505 ) and his first wife Alice Wyse , daughter of Thomas Wyse of Sidenham , near Tavistock , Devon . Jamess father was possibly Sir William Russell , but more likely his brother John Russell ( d . pre November , 1505 ) by his wife Alice Froxmere , daughter of John Froxmere of Droitwich , Worcestershire , because his coat of arms quarters Froxmere . The elder John Russell was the son of Sir Henry Russell ( d . 1463/4 ) , and Elizabeth Herring , daughter of John Herring of Chaldon Herring . Henry , great-grandfather of the 1st Earl , was a substantial wine merchant and shipper , who represented Weymouth in the House of Commons four times . The Russell pedigree can only be traced back with certainty to Henry Russells father , Sir Stephen Russell , the evidence being contained in a deed of April 1440 in which Henry Russell made over to his daughter Christina and her husband Walter Cheverell of Chauntemarle , a tenement in Dorchester to be held of himself and his heirs upon rent of a red rose . In the deed Henry referred to himself as son and heir of Sir Stephen Russell and of Alice his wife . This Alice appears to have been the heir general of the De la Tour family , which had long owned Berwick-by-Swyre , and by whom therefore the manor was brought into the Russell family . Both Sir Henry and Sir Stephen were referred to as Gascoigne as well as Russell , possibly due to their wine trade with France , as in a 1442 pardon under the Privy Seal referring to Henry Russell of Weymouth , merchant , alias Henry Gascoign , gentleman . It was long believed in the noble Russell family , certainly by the 2nd Earl of Bedford , that the family was descended from the ancient family of Russell of Kingston Russell in Dorset , three miles northeast of Berwick , which descent was declared unproven by Gladys Scott Thomson in her Two Centuries of Family History , London , 1930 , an exhaustive and scholarly work on the early pedigree of the Earls of Bedford . ( For a disambiguation of the Bedford Russells and the Russells of Kingston Russell , see Kingston Russell ) . Career . In 1506 John Russell was of service to Archduke Philip of Austria and Juana his wife ( King and Queen of Castile ) when they were shipwrecked off Weymouth , and escorted the royal couple to the English court in London . He was one of the most accomplished gentlemen of his time and so impressed them by his gracious manners that they praised him highly to King Henry VII . He became a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Henry VII in 1507 and to his son and successor Henry VIII in 1509 , who employed him in various military and diplomatic missions during the War of the League of Cambrai . He was at the taking of Thérouanne and Tournai . He was knighted on 2 July 1522 after losing an eye at the taking of Morlaix in Brittany , and he witnessed the Battle of Pavia . Following his marriage in the Spring of 1526 he made alterations to his ancestral seat Chenies Manor House to reflect his new good fortunes . He now stood in favour with the King and Cardinal Wolsey , though he would not suffer disgrace at the fall of the latter . He was made High Sheriff of Dorset and Somerset in 1528 and served as Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire 1529–1536 , retaining the royal favour despite the antipathy of Anne Boleyn . Late in 1536 , he was made a Privy Counsellor , and helped to suppress the Pilgrimage of Grace . The fall and execution of Henry Courtenay , Marquess of Exeter , left a power vacuum in the south-western counties of England , which Russell was called upon to fill . On 9 March 1538/1539 he was created Baron Russell , and appointed Lord President of the Council of the West . In the next month , he was made a Knight of the Garter . In July 1539 he was made High Steward of Cornwall , and Lord Warden of the Stannaries . The Council of the West proved unsuccessful as an instrument of government , and did not survive the fall of Cromwell . Russell , however , remained a great magnate in the western counties , and obtained the office of Lord High Admiral in 1540 . ( The previous holder , the Earl of Southampton , replaced Cromwell as Lord Privy Seal. ) After Henry VIII met Anne of Cleves at Rochester , the next day he asked Russell if he thought her fair . Russell replied with his natural diplomacy and prudence that he took her not to be fair , but of a brown complexion . In 1542 , Russell himself resigned the Admiralty and succeeded to the Privy Seal on the death of Southampton . He was High Steward of the University of Oxford from 1543 till his death . During the Italian War of 1542 , he unsuccessfully besieged Montreuil in 1544 , and was Captain General of the Vanguard of the army for the attack on Boulogne in 1545 . He was a close companion of King Henry VIII during the last years of his reign . On Henrys death in 1547 , he was one of the executors of the Kings will , and one of sixteen counsellors during the minority of his son King Edward VI . On 21 June 1553 he was one of the twenty-six peers who signed the settlement of the crown on Lady Jane Grey . He was sent to attend King Philip II into England on his arrival from Spain to wed the Queen Mary . Earldom . He was Lord High Steward at the Coronation of King Edward VI ( 1547–1553 ) on 20 February 1547 . He was created by that young king ( in practice by the Regent ) Earl of Bedford on 19 January 1550 for his assistance in carrying out the order of the Council against images and for promoting the new religion . In 1552 , he was made Lord Lieutenant of Devon . Marriage and progeny . In the spring of 1526 he married Anne Sapcote , daughter of Sir Guy Sapcote of Huntingdonshire by his wife Margaret Wolston and widow successively of John Broughton ( d . 24 January 1518 ) of Toddington , Bedfordshire , by whom she had a son and three daughters , and secondly of Sir Richard Jerningham ( d.1525 ) , by whom she had no issue . By Anne Sapcote he had one child : - Francis Russell , 2nd Earl of Bedford ( 1527–1585 ) , son and heir . Step-children . The issue of Anne Sapcote by her first husband John Broughton ( d . 1518 ) were as follows : - John Broughton ( d . 1528 ) . - Katherine Broughton ( d . 23 April 1533 ) , who was the ward firstly of Cardinal Wolsey , and secondly Agnes Howard , Duchess of Norfolk , who arranged the marriage of Katherine , as his first wife , to her eldest son , William Howard , 1st Baron Howard of Effingham . - Anne Broughton ( d . 16 May 1562 ) , who married , as his second wife , by dispensation dated 24 May 1539 , Sir Thomas Cheyney , Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports . There is a monument to her at Toddington . - Daughter whose name is unknown , and who died between July 1517 and 1529 . Death and burial . Russell died on 14 March 1554/5 and was buried at his ancestral manor of Chenies , Buckinghamshire , in the private Bedford Chapel of the parish church next to Chenies Manor House , his former chief residence . The Dukes of Bedford continue to be buried in this chapel . His widow , Anne , died on 14 March 1559 and was buried at Chenies 21 March 1559 . Succession . Russell is the ancestor of all subsequent Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Earls Russell , including John Russell , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the philosopher Bertrand Russell . Properties acquired . On the Dissolution of the Monasteries King Henry VIII granted Russell lands and properties including Tavistock Abbey and Plympton Abbey in Devon , the wealthiest two abbeys in Devon , and the Cistercian Dunkeswell Abbey also in Devon . He was granted the Blackfriars in Exeter , on the site of which he built his opulent townhouse known as Bedford House , from where he conducted his duties as Lord Lieutenant of Devon . These grants made him the largest landowner in Devon . In Bedfordshire he acquired the site of Woburn Abbey which he made his chief seat . In London he was granted seven acres ( 28,000 m ) called Long Acre , and the kitchen garden of Westminster Abbey , which is now the site of Covent Garden . The present Duke of Bedford ( or his trustees , the Bedford trustees ) retain still in 2013 several acres of prime London property comprising the Bedford Estate centred on Bedford Square and Tavistock Square . Garter stall plate . John Russells Garter stall plate survives affixed to the back of his stall in St Georges Chapel , Windsor Castle . The shield shows quarterly of four : 1st grand quarter : quarterly 1st & 4th : Argent , a lion rampant gules on a chief sable three escallops of the first ( Russell ) ; 2nd & 3rd : Azure , a tower argent ( de la Tour ) ; 2nd Gules , three herrings hauriant argent ( Herringham ) ; 3rd Sable , a griffin segreant between three crosses crosslet fitchy argent ( Froxmere ) ; 4th : Sable , three chevronnels ermine in dexter chief a crescent or for difference ( Wyse ) . Crest : A goat passant argent ; Supporters : Dexter : A goat argent , Sinister : A lion rampant gules Motto : Plus que Jamais ( More than Never ) . Inscription in French : Du tres noble et puisant Seigneur Johan Conte de Bedford Baron Russell Chevalier du tres noble Ordre de la Jarretiere et Garduen du Prive Seau , fust enstalle a Wyndsor le XVIII jure de Maye lan du Roy Henry VIII de son reigne XXXI lan 1539 ( Of the very noble and powerful Lord John , Earl of Bedford , Baron Russell , Knight of the Very Noble Order of the Garter and Keeper of the Privy Seal was installed at Windsor the 18th day of May the year of King Henry VIII of his reign the 31st , the year 1539 ) . References . - . A severe and detailed critique of the work of Wiffen . - ( Includes an early pedigree of the Earls of Bedford , and builds on J . Horace Rounds critique of Wiffen ) - Fatally flawed in its erroneous linkage of the Russell Earls of Bedford with the baronial Russells of Kingston Russell . External links . - Will of Lady Anne , Countess of Bedford , proved 21 March 1559 , PROB 11/42A/512 , National Archives Retrieved 30 May 2013 - John Russell at Tudor Place
|
[
"Lord Privy Seal"
] |
[
{
"text": "John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford ( c . 1485 – 14 March 1555 ) was an English royal minister in the Tudor era . He served variously as Lord High Admiral and Lord Privy Seal . Among the lands and property he was given by Henry VIII after the Dissolution of the Monasteries , were the Abbey and town of Tavistock , and the area that is now Covent Garden . Russell is the ancestor of all subsequent Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Earls Russell , including John Russell , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and",
"title": "John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford"
},
{
"text": "philosopher Bertrand Russell .",
"title": "John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford"
},
{
"text": "John Russell was born ca . 1485 probably at Berwick-by-Swyre , Dorset , the son of Sir James Russell ( d . Nov . 1505 ) and his first wife Alice Wyse , daughter of Thomas Wyse of Sidenham , near Tavistock , Devon . Jamess father was possibly Sir William Russell , but more likely his brother John Russell ( d . pre November , 1505 ) by his wife Alice Froxmere , daughter of John Froxmere of Droitwich , Worcestershire , because his coat of arms quarters Froxmere . The elder John Russell was the son of Sir",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "Henry Russell ( d . 1463/4 ) , and Elizabeth Herring , daughter of John Herring of Chaldon Herring . Henry , great-grandfather of the 1st Earl , was a substantial wine merchant and shipper , who represented Weymouth in the House of Commons four times .",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "The Russell pedigree can only be traced back with certainty to Henry Russells father , Sir Stephen Russell , the evidence being contained in a deed of April 1440 in which Henry Russell made over to his daughter Christina and her husband Walter Cheverell of Chauntemarle , a tenement in Dorchester to be held of himself and his heirs upon rent of a red rose . In the deed Henry referred to himself as son and heir of Sir Stephen Russell and of Alice his wife . This Alice appears to have been the heir general of the De la",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "Tour family , which had long owned Berwick-by-Swyre , and by whom therefore the manor was brought into the Russell family .",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "Both Sir Henry and Sir Stephen were referred to as Gascoigne as well as Russell , possibly due to their wine trade with France , as in a 1442 pardon under the Privy Seal referring to Henry Russell of Weymouth , merchant , alias Henry Gascoign , gentleman . It was long believed in the noble Russell family , certainly by the 2nd Earl of Bedford , that the family was descended from the ancient family of Russell of Kingston Russell in Dorset , three miles northeast of Berwick , which descent was declared unproven by Gladys Scott Thomson in",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "her Two Centuries of Family History , London , 1930 , an exhaustive and scholarly work on the early pedigree of the Earls of Bedford . ( For a disambiguation of the Bedford Russells and the Russells of Kingston Russell , see Kingston Russell ) .",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "In 1506 John Russell was of service to Archduke Philip of Austria and Juana his wife ( King and Queen of Castile ) when they were shipwrecked off Weymouth , and escorted the royal couple to the English court in London . He was one of the most accomplished gentlemen of his time and so impressed them by his gracious manners that they praised him highly to King Henry VII . He became a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Henry VII in 1507 and to his son and successor Henry VIII in 1509 , who employed him in various",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "military and diplomatic missions during the War of the League of Cambrai . He was at the taking of Thérouanne and Tournai . He was knighted on 2 July 1522 after losing an eye at the taking of Morlaix in Brittany , and he witnessed the Battle of Pavia .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Following his marriage in the Spring of 1526 he made alterations to his ancestral seat Chenies Manor House to reflect his new good fortunes . He now stood in favour with the King and Cardinal Wolsey , though he would not suffer disgrace at the fall of the latter .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He was made High Sheriff of Dorset and Somerset in 1528 and served as Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire 1529–1536 , retaining the royal favour despite the antipathy of Anne Boleyn . Late in 1536 , he was made a Privy Counsellor , and helped to suppress the Pilgrimage of Grace .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " The fall and execution of Henry Courtenay , Marquess of Exeter , left a power vacuum in the south-western counties of England , which Russell was called upon to fill . On 9 March 1538/1539 he was created Baron Russell , and appointed Lord President of the Council of the West . In the next month , he was made a Knight of the Garter . In July 1539 he was made High Steward of Cornwall , and Lord Warden of the Stannaries .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "The Council of the West proved unsuccessful as an instrument of government , and did not survive the fall of Cromwell . Russell , however , remained a great magnate in the western counties , and obtained the office of Lord High Admiral in 1540 . ( The previous holder , the Earl of Southampton , replaced Cromwell as Lord Privy Seal. ) After Henry VIII met Anne of Cleves at Rochester , the next day he asked Russell if he thought her fair . Russell replied with his natural diplomacy and prudence that he took her not to be",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "fair , but of a brown complexion . In 1542 , Russell himself resigned the Admiralty and succeeded to the Privy Seal on the death of Southampton . He was High Steward of the University of Oxford from 1543 till his death .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " During the Italian War of 1542 , he unsuccessfully besieged Montreuil in 1544 , and was Captain General of the Vanguard of the army for the attack on Boulogne in 1545 . He was a close companion of King Henry VIII during the last years of his reign . On Henrys death in 1547 , he was one of the executors of the Kings will , and one of sixteen counsellors during the minority of his son King Edward VI .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "On 21 June 1553 he was one of the twenty-six peers who signed the settlement of the crown on Lady Jane Grey . He was sent to attend King Philip II into England on his arrival from Spain to wed the Queen Mary .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He was Lord High Steward at the Coronation of King Edward VI ( 1547–1553 ) on 20 February 1547 . He was created by that young king ( in practice by the Regent ) Earl of Bedford on 19 January 1550 for his assistance in carrying out the order of the Council against images and for promoting the new religion . In 1552 , he was made Lord Lieutenant of Devon .",
"title": "Earldom"
},
{
"text": " In the spring of 1526 he married Anne Sapcote , daughter of Sir Guy Sapcote of Huntingdonshire by his wife Margaret Wolston and widow successively of John Broughton ( d . 24 January 1518 ) of Toddington , Bedfordshire , by whom she had a son and three daughters , and secondly of Sir Richard Jerningham ( d.1525 ) , by whom she had no issue . By Anne Sapcote he had one child : - Francis Russell , 2nd Earl of Bedford ( 1527–1585 ) , son and heir .",
"title": "Marriage and progeny"
},
{
"text": " The issue of Anne Sapcote by her first husband John Broughton ( d . 1518 ) were as follows : - John Broughton ( d . 1528 ) . - Katherine Broughton ( d . 23 April 1533 ) , who was the ward firstly of Cardinal Wolsey , and secondly Agnes Howard , Duchess of Norfolk , who arranged the marriage of Katherine , as his first wife , to her eldest son , William Howard , 1st Baron Howard of Effingham .",
"title": "Step-children"
},
{
"text": "- Anne Broughton ( d . 16 May 1562 ) , who married , as his second wife , by dispensation dated 24 May 1539 , Sir Thomas Cheyney , Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports . There is a monument to her at Toddington .",
"title": "Step-children"
},
{
"text": " - Daughter whose name is unknown , and who died between July 1517 and 1529 .",
"title": "Step-children"
},
{
"text": " Russell died on 14 March 1554/5 and was buried at his ancestral manor of Chenies , Buckinghamshire , in the private Bedford Chapel of the parish church next to Chenies Manor House , his former chief residence . The Dukes of Bedford continue to be buried in this chapel . His widow , Anne , died on 14 March 1559 and was buried at Chenies 21 March 1559 .",
"title": "Death and burial"
},
{
"text": " Russell is the ancestor of all subsequent Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Earls Russell , including John Russell , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the philosopher Bertrand Russell .",
"title": "Succession"
},
{
"text": "On the Dissolution of the Monasteries King Henry VIII granted Russell lands and properties including Tavistock Abbey and Plympton Abbey in Devon , the wealthiest two abbeys in Devon , and the Cistercian Dunkeswell Abbey also in Devon . He was granted the Blackfriars in Exeter , on the site of which he built his opulent townhouse known as Bedford House , from where he conducted his duties as Lord Lieutenant of Devon . These grants made him the largest landowner in Devon . In Bedfordshire he acquired the site of Woburn Abbey which he made his chief seat .",
"title": "Properties acquired"
},
{
"text": "In London he was granted seven acres ( 28,000 m ) called Long Acre , and the kitchen garden of Westminster Abbey , which is now the site of Covent Garden . The present Duke of Bedford ( or his trustees , the Bedford trustees ) retain still in 2013 several acres of prime London property comprising the Bedford Estate centred on Bedford Square and Tavistock Square .",
"title": "Properties acquired"
},
{
"text": "John Russells Garter stall plate survives affixed to the back of his stall in St Georges Chapel , Windsor Castle . The shield shows quarterly of four : 1st grand quarter : quarterly 1st & 4th : Argent , a lion rampant gules on a chief sable three escallops of the first ( Russell ) ; 2nd & 3rd : Azure , a tower argent ( de la Tour ) ; 2nd Gules , three herrings hauriant argent ( Herringham ) ; 3rd Sable , a griffin segreant between three crosses crosslet fitchy argent ( Froxmere ) ; 4th :",
"title": "Garter stall plate"
},
{
"text": "Sable , three chevronnels ermine in dexter chief a crescent or for difference ( Wyse ) . Crest : A goat passant argent ; Supporters : Dexter : A goat argent , Sinister : A lion rampant gules Motto : Plus que Jamais ( More than Never ) . Inscription in French : Du tres noble et puisant Seigneur Johan Conte de Bedford Baron Russell Chevalier du tres noble Ordre de la Jarretiere et Garduen du Prive Seau , fust enstalle a Wyndsor le XVIII jure de Maye lan du Roy Henry VIII de son reigne XXXI lan 1539 (",
"title": "Garter stall plate"
},
{
"text": "Of the very noble and powerful Lord John , Earl of Bedford , Baron Russell , Knight of the Very Noble Order of the Garter and Keeper of the Privy Seal was installed at Windsor the 18th day of May the year of King Henry VIII of his reign the 31st , the year 1539 ) .",
"title": "Garter stall plate"
},
{
"text": " - . A severe and detailed critique of the work of Wiffen . - ( Includes an early pedigree of the Earls of Bedford , and builds on J . Horace Rounds critique of Wiffen ) - Fatally flawed in its erroneous linkage of the Russell Earls of Bedford with the baronial Russells of Kingston Russell .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Will of Lady Anne , Countess of Bedford , proved 21 March 1559 , PROB 11/42A/512 , National Archives Retrieved 30 May 2013 - John Russell at Tudor Place",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_of_Bedford#P39#2
|
John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford took which position between Aug 1552 and Jan 1553?
|
John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford ( c . 1485 – 14 March 1555 ) was an English royal minister in the Tudor era . He served variously as Lord High Admiral and Lord Privy Seal . Among the lands and property he was given by Henry VIII after the Dissolution of the Monasteries , were the Abbey and town of Tavistock , and the area that is now Covent Garden . Russell is the ancestor of all subsequent Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Earls Russell , including John Russell , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and philosopher Bertrand Russell . Origins . John Russell was born ca . 1485 probably at Berwick-by-Swyre , Dorset , the son of Sir James Russell ( d . Nov . 1505 ) and his first wife Alice Wyse , daughter of Thomas Wyse of Sidenham , near Tavistock , Devon . Jamess father was possibly Sir William Russell , but more likely his brother John Russell ( d . pre November , 1505 ) by his wife Alice Froxmere , daughter of John Froxmere of Droitwich , Worcestershire , because his coat of arms quarters Froxmere . The elder John Russell was the son of Sir Henry Russell ( d . 1463/4 ) , and Elizabeth Herring , daughter of John Herring of Chaldon Herring . Henry , great-grandfather of the 1st Earl , was a substantial wine merchant and shipper , who represented Weymouth in the House of Commons four times . The Russell pedigree can only be traced back with certainty to Henry Russells father , Sir Stephen Russell , the evidence being contained in a deed of April 1440 in which Henry Russell made over to his daughter Christina and her husband Walter Cheverell of Chauntemarle , a tenement in Dorchester to be held of himself and his heirs upon rent of a red rose . In the deed Henry referred to himself as son and heir of Sir Stephen Russell and of Alice his wife . This Alice appears to have been the heir general of the De la Tour family , which had long owned Berwick-by-Swyre , and by whom therefore the manor was brought into the Russell family . Both Sir Henry and Sir Stephen were referred to as Gascoigne as well as Russell , possibly due to their wine trade with France , as in a 1442 pardon under the Privy Seal referring to Henry Russell of Weymouth , merchant , alias Henry Gascoign , gentleman . It was long believed in the noble Russell family , certainly by the 2nd Earl of Bedford , that the family was descended from the ancient family of Russell of Kingston Russell in Dorset , three miles northeast of Berwick , which descent was declared unproven by Gladys Scott Thomson in her Two Centuries of Family History , London , 1930 , an exhaustive and scholarly work on the early pedigree of the Earls of Bedford . ( For a disambiguation of the Bedford Russells and the Russells of Kingston Russell , see Kingston Russell ) . Career . In 1506 John Russell was of service to Archduke Philip of Austria and Juana his wife ( King and Queen of Castile ) when they were shipwrecked off Weymouth , and escorted the royal couple to the English court in London . He was one of the most accomplished gentlemen of his time and so impressed them by his gracious manners that they praised him highly to King Henry VII . He became a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Henry VII in 1507 and to his son and successor Henry VIII in 1509 , who employed him in various military and diplomatic missions during the War of the League of Cambrai . He was at the taking of Thérouanne and Tournai . He was knighted on 2 July 1522 after losing an eye at the taking of Morlaix in Brittany , and he witnessed the Battle of Pavia . Following his marriage in the Spring of 1526 he made alterations to his ancestral seat Chenies Manor House to reflect his new good fortunes . He now stood in favour with the King and Cardinal Wolsey , though he would not suffer disgrace at the fall of the latter . He was made High Sheriff of Dorset and Somerset in 1528 and served as Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire 1529–1536 , retaining the royal favour despite the antipathy of Anne Boleyn . Late in 1536 , he was made a Privy Counsellor , and helped to suppress the Pilgrimage of Grace . The fall and execution of Henry Courtenay , Marquess of Exeter , left a power vacuum in the south-western counties of England , which Russell was called upon to fill . On 9 March 1538/1539 he was created Baron Russell , and appointed Lord President of the Council of the West . In the next month , he was made a Knight of the Garter . In July 1539 he was made High Steward of Cornwall , and Lord Warden of the Stannaries . The Council of the West proved unsuccessful as an instrument of government , and did not survive the fall of Cromwell . Russell , however , remained a great magnate in the western counties , and obtained the office of Lord High Admiral in 1540 . ( The previous holder , the Earl of Southampton , replaced Cromwell as Lord Privy Seal. ) After Henry VIII met Anne of Cleves at Rochester , the next day he asked Russell if he thought her fair . Russell replied with his natural diplomacy and prudence that he took her not to be fair , but of a brown complexion . In 1542 , Russell himself resigned the Admiralty and succeeded to the Privy Seal on the death of Southampton . He was High Steward of the University of Oxford from 1543 till his death . During the Italian War of 1542 , he unsuccessfully besieged Montreuil in 1544 , and was Captain General of the Vanguard of the army for the attack on Boulogne in 1545 . He was a close companion of King Henry VIII during the last years of his reign . On Henrys death in 1547 , he was one of the executors of the Kings will , and one of sixteen counsellors during the minority of his son King Edward VI . On 21 June 1553 he was one of the twenty-six peers who signed the settlement of the crown on Lady Jane Grey . He was sent to attend King Philip II into England on his arrival from Spain to wed the Queen Mary . Earldom . He was Lord High Steward at the Coronation of King Edward VI ( 1547–1553 ) on 20 February 1547 . He was created by that young king ( in practice by the Regent ) Earl of Bedford on 19 January 1550 for his assistance in carrying out the order of the Council against images and for promoting the new religion . In 1552 , he was made Lord Lieutenant of Devon . Marriage and progeny . In the spring of 1526 he married Anne Sapcote , daughter of Sir Guy Sapcote of Huntingdonshire by his wife Margaret Wolston and widow successively of John Broughton ( d . 24 January 1518 ) of Toddington , Bedfordshire , by whom she had a son and three daughters , and secondly of Sir Richard Jerningham ( d.1525 ) , by whom she had no issue . By Anne Sapcote he had one child : - Francis Russell , 2nd Earl of Bedford ( 1527–1585 ) , son and heir . Step-children . The issue of Anne Sapcote by her first husband John Broughton ( d . 1518 ) were as follows : - John Broughton ( d . 1528 ) . - Katherine Broughton ( d . 23 April 1533 ) , who was the ward firstly of Cardinal Wolsey , and secondly Agnes Howard , Duchess of Norfolk , who arranged the marriage of Katherine , as his first wife , to her eldest son , William Howard , 1st Baron Howard of Effingham . - Anne Broughton ( d . 16 May 1562 ) , who married , as his second wife , by dispensation dated 24 May 1539 , Sir Thomas Cheyney , Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports . There is a monument to her at Toddington . - Daughter whose name is unknown , and who died between July 1517 and 1529 . Death and burial . Russell died on 14 March 1554/5 and was buried at his ancestral manor of Chenies , Buckinghamshire , in the private Bedford Chapel of the parish church next to Chenies Manor House , his former chief residence . The Dukes of Bedford continue to be buried in this chapel . His widow , Anne , died on 14 March 1559 and was buried at Chenies 21 March 1559 . Succession . Russell is the ancestor of all subsequent Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Earls Russell , including John Russell , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the philosopher Bertrand Russell . Properties acquired . On the Dissolution of the Monasteries King Henry VIII granted Russell lands and properties including Tavistock Abbey and Plympton Abbey in Devon , the wealthiest two abbeys in Devon , and the Cistercian Dunkeswell Abbey also in Devon . He was granted the Blackfriars in Exeter , on the site of which he built his opulent townhouse known as Bedford House , from where he conducted his duties as Lord Lieutenant of Devon . These grants made him the largest landowner in Devon . In Bedfordshire he acquired the site of Woburn Abbey which he made his chief seat . In London he was granted seven acres ( 28,000 m ) called Long Acre , and the kitchen garden of Westminster Abbey , which is now the site of Covent Garden . The present Duke of Bedford ( or his trustees , the Bedford trustees ) retain still in 2013 several acres of prime London property comprising the Bedford Estate centred on Bedford Square and Tavistock Square . Garter stall plate . John Russells Garter stall plate survives affixed to the back of his stall in St Georges Chapel , Windsor Castle . The shield shows quarterly of four : 1st grand quarter : quarterly 1st & 4th : Argent , a lion rampant gules on a chief sable three escallops of the first ( Russell ) ; 2nd & 3rd : Azure , a tower argent ( de la Tour ) ; 2nd Gules , three herrings hauriant argent ( Herringham ) ; 3rd Sable , a griffin segreant between three crosses crosslet fitchy argent ( Froxmere ) ; 4th : Sable , three chevronnels ermine in dexter chief a crescent or for difference ( Wyse ) . Crest : A goat passant argent ; Supporters : Dexter : A goat argent , Sinister : A lion rampant gules Motto : Plus que Jamais ( More than Never ) . Inscription in French : Du tres noble et puisant Seigneur Johan Conte de Bedford Baron Russell Chevalier du tres noble Ordre de la Jarretiere et Garduen du Prive Seau , fust enstalle a Wyndsor le XVIII jure de Maye lan du Roy Henry VIII de son reigne XXXI lan 1539 ( Of the very noble and powerful Lord John , Earl of Bedford , Baron Russell , Knight of the Very Noble Order of the Garter and Keeper of the Privy Seal was installed at Windsor the 18th day of May the year of King Henry VIII of his reign the 31st , the year 1539 ) . References . - . A severe and detailed critique of the work of Wiffen . - ( Includes an early pedigree of the Earls of Bedford , and builds on J . Horace Rounds critique of Wiffen ) - Fatally flawed in its erroneous linkage of the Russell Earls of Bedford with the baronial Russells of Kingston Russell . External links . - Will of Lady Anne , Countess of Bedford , proved 21 March 1559 , PROB 11/42A/512 , National Archives Retrieved 30 May 2013 - John Russell at Tudor Place
|
[
"Lord Lieutenant of Devon"
] |
[
{
"text": "John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford ( c . 1485 – 14 March 1555 ) was an English royal minister in the Tudor era . He served variously as Lord High Admiral and Lord Privy Seal . Among the lands and property he was given by Henry VIII after the Dissolution of the Monasteries , were the Abbey and town of Tavistock , and the area that is now Covent Garden . Russell is the ancestor of all subsequent Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Earls Russell , including John Russell , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and",
"title": "John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford"
},
{
"text": "philosopher Bertrand Russell .",
"title": "John Russell , 1st Earl of Bedford"
},
{
"text": "John Russell was born ca . 1485 probably at Berwick-by-Swyre , Dorset , the son of Sir James Russell ( d . Nov . 1505 ) and his first wife Alice Wyse , daughter of Thomas Wyse of Sidenham , near Tavistock , Devon . Jamess father was possibly Sir William Russell , but more likely his brother John Russell ( d . pre November , 1505 ) by his wife Alice Froxmere , daughter of John Froxmere of Droitwich , Worcestershire , because his coat of arms quarters Froxmere . The elder John Russell was the son of Sir",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "Henry Russell ( d . 1463/4 ) , and Elizabeth Herring , daughter of John Herring of Chaldon Herring . Henry , great-grandfather of the 1st Earl , was a substantial wine merchant and shipper , who represented Weymouth in the House of Commons four times .",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "The Russell pedigree can only be traced back with certainty to Henry Russells father , Sir Stephen Russell , the evidence being contained in a deed of April 1440 in which Henry Russell made over to his daughter Christina and her husband Walter Cheverell of Chauntemarle , a tenement in Dorchester to be held of himself and his heirs upon rent of a red rose . In the deed Henry referred to himself as son and heir of Sir Stephen Russell and of Alice his wife . This Alice appears to have been the heir general of the De la",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "Tour family , which had long owned Berwick-by-Swyre , and by whom therefore the manor was brought into the Russell family .",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "Both Sir Henry and Sir Stephen were referred to as Gascoigne as well as Russell , possibly due to their wine trade with France , as in a 1442 pardon under the Privy Seal referring to Henry Russell of Weymouth , merchant , alias Henry Gascoign , gentleman . It was long believed in the noble Russell family , certainly by the 2nd Earl of Bedford , that the family was descended from the ancient family of Russell of Kingston Russell in Dorset , three miles northeast of Berwick , which descent was declared unproven by Gladys Scott Thomson in",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "her Two Centuries of Family History , London , 1930 , an exhaustive and scholarly work on the early pedigree of the Earls of Bedford . ( For a disambiguation of the Bedford Russells and the Russells of Kingston Russell , see Kingston Russell ) .",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"text": "In 1506 John Russell was of service to Archduke Philip of Austria and Juana his wife ( King and Queen of Castile ) when they were shipwrecked off Weymouth , and escorted the royal couple to the English court in London . He was one of the most accomplished gentlemen of his time and so impressed them by his gracious manners that they praised him highly to King Henry VII . He became a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Henry VII in 1507 and to his son and successor Henry VIII in 1509 , who employed him in various",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "military and diplomatic missions during the War of the League of Cambrai . He was at the taking of Thérouanne and Tournai . He was knighted on 2 July 1522 after losing an eye at the taking of Morlaix in Brittany , and he witnessed the Battle of Pavia .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Following his marriage in the Spring of 1526 he made alterations to his ancestral seat Chenies Manor House to reflect his new good fortunes . He now stood in favour with the King and Cardinal Wolsey , though he would not suffer disgrace at the fall of the latter .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "He was made High Sheriff of Dorset and Somerset in 1528 and served as Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire 1529–1536 , retaining the royal favour despite the antipathy of Anne Boleyn . Late in 1536 , he was made a Privy Counsellor , and helped to suppress the Pilgrimage of Grace .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " The fall and execution of Henry Courtenay , Marquess of Exeter , left a power vacuum in the south-western counties of England , which Russell was called upon to fill . On 9 March 1538/1539 he was created Baron Russell , and appointed Lord President of the Council of the West . In the next month , he was made a Knight of the Garter . In July 1539 he was made High Steward of Cornwall , and Lord Warden of the Stannaries .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "The Council of the West proved unsuccessful as an instrument of government , and did not survive the fall of Cromwell . Russell , however , remained a great magnate in the western counties , and obtained the office of Lord High Admiral in 1540 . ( The previous holder , the Earl of Southampton , replaced Cromwell as Lord Privy Seal. ) After Henry VIII met Anne of Cleves at Rochester , the next day he asked Russell if he thought her fair . Russell replied with his natural diplomacy and prudence that he took her not to be",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "fair , but of a brown complexion . In 1542 , Russell himself resigned the Admiralty and succeeded to the Privy Seal on the death of Southampton . He was High Steward of the University of Oxford from 1543 till his death .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " During the Italian War of 1542 , he unsuccessfully besieged Montreuil in 1544 , and was Captain General of the Vanguard of the army for the attack on Boulogne in 1545 . He was a close companion of King Henry VIII during the last years of his reign . On Henrys death in 1547 , he was one of the executors of the Kings will , and one of sixteen counsellors during the minority of his son King Edward VI .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "On 21 June 1553 he was one of the twenty-six peers who signed the settlement of the crown on Lady Jane Grey . He was sent to attend King Philip II into England on his arrival from Spain to wed the Queen Mary .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He was Lord High Steward at the Coronation of King Edward VI ( 1547–1553 ) on 20 February 1547 . He was created by that young king ( in practice by the Regent ) Earl of Bedford on 19 January 1550 for his assistance in carrying out the order of the Council against images and for promoting the new religion . In 1552 , he was made Lord Lieutenant of Devon .",
"title": "Earldom"
},
{
"text": " In the spring of 1526 he married Anne Sapcote , daughter of Sir Guy Sapcote of Huntingdonshire by his wife Margaret Wolston and widow successively of John Broughton ( d . 24 January 1518 ) of Toddington , Bedfordshire , by whom she had a son and three daughters , and secondly of Sir Richard Jerningham ( d.1525 ) , by whom she had no issue . By Anne Sapcote he had one child : - Francis Russell , 2nd Earl of Bedford ( 1527–1585 ) , son and heir .",
"title": "Marriage and progeny"
},
{
"text": " The issue of Anne Sapcote by her first husband John Broughton ( d . 1518 ) were as follows : - John Broughton ( d . 1528 ) . - Katherine Broughton ( d . 23 April 1533 ) , who was the ward firstly of Cardinal Wolsey , and secondly Agnes Howard , Duchess of Norfolk , who arranged the marriage of Katherine , as his first wife , to her eldest son , William Howard , 1st Baron Howard of Effingham .",
"title": "Step-children"
},
{
"text": "- Anne Broughton ( d . 16 May 1562 ) , who married , as his second wife , by dispensation dated 24 May 1539 , Sir Thomas Cheyney , Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports . There is a monument to her at Toddington .",
"title": "Step-children"
},
{
"text": " - Daughter whose name is unknown , and who died between July 1517 and 1529 .",
"title": "Step-children"
},
{
"text": " Russell died on 14 March 1554/5 and was buried at his ancestral manor of Chenies , Buckinghamshire , in the private Bedford Chapel of the parish church next to Chenies Manor House , his former chief residence . The Dukes of Bedford continue to be buried in this chapel . His widow , Anne , died on 14 March 1559 and was buried at Chenies 21 March 1559 .",
"title": "Death and burial"
},
{
"text": " Russell is the ancestor of all subsequent Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Earls Russell , including John Russell , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the philosopher Bertrand Russell .",
"title": "Succession"
},
{
"text": "On the Dissolution of the Monasteries King Henry VIII granted Russell lands and properties including Tavistock Abbey and Plympton Abbey in Devon , the wealthiest two abbeys in Devon , and the Cistercian Dunkeswell Abbey also in Devon . He was granted the Blackfriars in Exeter , on the site of which he built his opulent townhouse known as Bedford House , from where he conducted his duties as Lord Lieutenant of Devon . These grants made him the largest landowner in Devon . In Bedfordshire he acquired the site of Woburn Abbey which he made his chief seat .",
"title": "Properties acquired"
},
{
"text": "In London he was granted seven acres ( 28,000 m ) called Long Acre , and the kitchen garden of Westminster Abbey , which is now the site of Covent Garden . The present Duke of Bedford ( or his trustees , the Bedford trustees ) retain still in 2013 several acres of prime London property comprising the Bedford Estate centred on Bedford Square and Tavistock Square .",
"title": "Properties acquired"
},
{
"text": "John Russells Garter stall plate survives affixed to the back of his stall in St Georges Chapel , Windsor Castle . The shield shows quarterly of four : 1st grand quarter : quarterly 1st & 4th : Argent , a lion rampant gules on a chief sable three escallops of the first ( Russell ) ; 2nd & 3rd : Azure , a tower argent ( de la Tour ) ; 2nd Gules , three herrings hauriant argent ( Herringham ) ; 3rd Sable , a griffin segreant between three crosses crosslet fitchy argent ( Froxmere ) ; 4th :",
"title": "Garter stall plate"
},
{
"text": "Sable , three chevronnels ermine in dexter chief a crescent or for difference ( Wyse ) . Crest : A goat passant argent ; Supporters : Dexter : A goat argent , Sinister : A lion rampant gules Motto : Plus que Jamais ( More than Never ) . Inscription in French : Du tres noble et puisant Seigneur Johan Conte de Bedford Baron Russell Chevalier du tres noble Ordre de la Jarretiere et Garduen du Prive Seau , fust enstalle a Wyndsor le XVIII jure de Maye lan du Roy Henry VIII de son reigne XXXI lan 1539 (",
"title": "Garter stall plate"
},
{
"text": "Of the very noble and powerful Lord John , Earl of Bedford , Baron Russell , Knight of the Very Noble Order of the Garter and Keeper of the Privy Seal was installed at Windsor the 18th day of May the year of King Henry VIII of his reign the 31st , the year 1539 ) .",
"title": "Garter stall plate"
},
{
"text": " - . A severe and detailed critique of the work of Wiffen . - ( Includes an early pedigree of the Earls of Bedford , and builds on J . Horace Rounds critique of Wiffen ) - Fatally flawed in its erroneous linkage of the Russell Earls of Bedford with the baronial Russells of Kingston Russell .",
"title": "References"
},
{
"text": " - Will of Lady Anne , Countess of Bedford , proved 21 March 1559 , PROB 11/42A/512 , National Archives Retrieved 30 May 2013 - John Russell at Tudor Place",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Martine_Aubry#P39#0
|
What position did Martine Aubry take before Oct 1991?
|
Martine Aubry Martine Louise Marie Aubry ( ; née Delors ; born 8 August 1945 ) is a French politician . She was the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste , or PS ) from November 2008 to April 2012 , and has been the Mayor of Lille ( Nord ) since March 2001 ; she is also the first female to hold this position . Her father , Jacques Delors , served as Minister of Finance under President François Mitterrand and was also President of the European Commission . Aubry joined the PS in 1974 , and was appointed Minister of Labour by Prime Minister Édith Cresson in 1991 , but lost her position in 1993 after the Right won the legislative elections . However , she became Minister of Social Affairs when Lionel Jospin was appointed Prime Minister in 1997 . She is mostly known for having pushed the popular 35-hour workweek law , known as the Loi Aubry , reducing the nominal length of the normal full-time working week from 39 to 35 hours , and the law that created Couverture maladie universelle ( Universal health care coverage ) . Aubry stepped down from her Cabinet post in 2001 to be elected Mayor of Lille in place of Pierre Mauroy . Aubry subsequently lost her seat in the National Assembly in the general election of 2002 . In March 2008 , she was re-elected Mayor of Lille , with 66.55% of the votes . In November 2008 , Aubry was elected to lead the Socialist Party , narrowly defeating Ségolène Royal . While Royal disputed the results , the Socialist Party declared on November 25 , 2008 , that Aubry had won the contested election . On 28 June 2011 , Martine Aubry announced she would seek the Socialist nomination to run in the 2012 presidential election , ultimately losing to François Hollande , her predecessor as First Secretary . Biography . Early life and education . Born in Paris , Aubry is the daughter of Jacques Delors , French Minister of Finance ( 1981–1985 ) and European Commission President ( 1985–1995 ) , and his wife Marie . Aubry was educated at the lycée Notre-Dame-des-Oiseaux and the lycée Paul-Valéry ( in Paris ) . She holds a degree in economic science from Panthéon-Assas University . She did additional studies , gaining a diploma from the Institut des Sciences Sociales du Travail , and one from the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( or Sciences Po ) in 1972 . Between 1973 and 1975 , Aubry studied at the École nationale dadministration ( ÉNA , National School of Administration ) . Professional career . In 1975 Aubry became a civil administrator at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs ( Ministère du Travail et des Affaires sociales ) . During this period , she was active within the French Democratic Confederation of Labour ( CFDT ) . She became a professor at ÉNA in 1978 . In addition , she was seconded to the State Council between 1980 and 1981 . Following the election of François Mitterrand to the French presidency in 1981 , Aubry successively held several posts at the Ministry of Social Affairs , in the cabinets of Jean Auroux and Pierre Bérégovoy . In 1984 , she investigated French asbestos policy for the Comité Permanent Amiante ( Permanent Asbestos Committee , an informal public-private working group formed to manage the health problems of workers affected by asbestos ) . The groups deputy director , Jean-Luc Pasquier , testified before the courts to account for the groups members actions . After the defeat of the socialists in the French legislative election of 1986 , Aubry was named Master of Requests at the State Council . From 1989-91 she worked as Assistant Director at Pechiney , working with Jean Gandois . She was involved with the opening of a plant at Dunkerque and the closure of the aluminium works at Noguères . Political career . Minister of Labour , Employment and Vocational Training : 1991–1993 . Aubry was named Minister of Labour , Employment and Vocational Training by Édith Cresson , and carried on in this capacity in the Bérégovoy ministry until March 1993 . According to Jean-Luc Pasquier , she supported the controlled use of asbestos whilst all other members of the EEC supported an outright ban . She caused the French veto of a European decree against the use of asbestos . France did not ban asbestos until 1997 . In January 2010 , a public health judge charged with investigating former government measures on asbestos had Aubry interrogated by gendarmes in Lille . When the Right came into power at the French legislative election in 1986 , Aubry started the Fondation Agir Contre lExclusion ( FACE , the Act Against Exclusion Foundation ) . In 1995 , Pierre Mauroy named her as the first deputy to the Mayor of Lille , thus giving her a foothold in the department of Nord . Lionel Jospin , who became the socialist candidate as French President in 1995 , made her his campaign spokesman during the presidential campaign . Upon his defeat , Jospin became first secretary of the Socialist Party , and offered her the number two spot , which Aubry refused . Aubry had good relations with part of the establishment , especially with her former Pechiney boss , Jean Gandois , and the Parti communiste francais . But she did not get on well with the unions , in particular with Nicole Notat , the former General Secretary of the CFDT Aubry has been described as hard and demanding . She counters , Je dis les choses en face , je ne suis pas faux-cul . Mais je crois être bien moins dure que beaucoup de gens en politique . Je suis même peut-être trop sensible . ( Im up-front , and Im not a hypocrite . But I think Im much less hard than many politicians . I may even be too sensitive. ) Minister of Employment and Solidarity : 1997–2000 . Elected as a member of the National Assembly , Aubry was appointed in 1997 as Minister of Employment and Solidarity , the most important minister after the Prime Minister . The same year , to fight unemployment , she created a new employment contract for young people ( Emplois-jeunes ) with financial help from the government . In 1998 , a law establishing the 35-hour workweek was adopted . In 1999 , the Couverture maladie universelle ( CMU ) , a program that reimburses medical expenses through social security for everyone , was voted through . Furthermore , for people on low incomes , the CMU offers complementary health coverage of 100% , which is added to standard Social Security payments ; this avoids the necessity for additional private ( top-up ) insurance . 2012 Presidential candidacy . On June 28 , 2011 , Aubry said in a televised address from the former train station of Lille-Saint-Sauveur : I have decided to propose my candidacy to the presidential election . Following the first round of the citizens primary , she faced François Hollande in the second round of voting on October 16 in a two-way runoff . In the final round of voting , Hollande won the nomination with 56.6% of the vote . After Aubrys defeat in the primaries , she became one of the main supporters of the Francois Hollande presidential campaign . Aubrys name had been mentioned as a potential prime minister for François Hollande . But , after Hollande was elected President , he chose Jean-Marc Ayrault as Prime Minister ; Aubry refused to join his cabinet . From 2014 : statements of divergence . On several occasions , Aubry expressed criticism of the Manuel Valls government , including the fact that he was chosen . In October 2014 , she asked for a reorientation of the economic policy . During a press conference held September 23 , 2015 , where Aubry confirmed the choice of Pierre de Saintignon as the head of list for the next coming Regional Elections , she said that the bad polls of the list are partly caused by some choices of the government . She was criticising Emmanuel Macron , Minister of Economy since 2014 . Macron ? How to tell it.. . The cup is full , she said . Political positions held . - Governmental functions - Minister of Labor , Employment and Training 1991–1993 - Minister of Employment and Solidarity 1997–2000 ( resignation ) - Electoral mandates - National Assembly of France - Member of the National Assembly of France for Nord ( 5th constituency ) : elected in 1997 , but became minister in June - Municipal Council - Mayor of Lille since 2001 . Reelected in 2014 - Deputy-mayor of Lille : 1995–2001 - Municipal councillor of Lille since 1995 . Reelected in 2001 , 2008 - Urban community Council - President of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole since 2008 - Vice-president of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole 1995–2008 . Reelected in 2001 - Member of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole since 1995 . Reelected in 2001 , 2008 - Political function - First Secretary ( leader ) of the Socialist Party ( France ) 2008–2012 Bibliography . - 1982 : Pratique de la fonction personnel : le management des ressources humaines ; Martine Aubry , Pierre Balloy , Robert Bosquet , Pierre Cazamian.. . [ etc. ] sous la direction de Dimitri Weiss.. . avec la collaboration de Pierre Morin ; Publication : Paris : Éditions dOrganisation , 1982 ; Description matérielle : 644 p . : ill . ; 25 cm ; - 1992 : Le chômage de longue durée : comprendre , agir , évaluer : actes du Colloque Agir contre le chômage de longue durée , les 18 et 19 novembre 1991 à la Maison de la chimie à Paris / [ organisé par le Ministère du travail , Délégation à lemploi et la Mission interministérielle Recherche expérimentation , MIRE ; textes réunis par Patricia Bouillaguet et Christophe Guitton ; préf . par Martine Aubry ; Colloque Agir contre le chômage de longue durée ( 1991 ; Paris ) France . Mission interministérielle recherche-expérimentation ; Publication : Paris : Syros-Alternatives , 1992 ; Description matérielle : 745 p . : graph . ; 24 cm ; - 1994 : Le choix dagir ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : Albin Michel , 1994 ; - 1995 : Carnet de route dun maire de banlieue : entre innovations et tempêtes ; Picard , Paul ( préf . de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Syros , 1995 ; - 1995 : Petit dictionnaire pour lutter contre lextrême droite ; Aubry , Martine ; Duhamel , Olivier ; Publication : Éd . du Seuil , 1995 ; - 1996 : Pauvretés ; sous la dir . de Claire Brisset , préf . de Martine Aubry ; Publication : Hachette , 1996 ; - 1997 : Il est grand temps ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : A . Michel , 1997 ; - 1997 : La nouvelle Grande-Bretagne : vers une société de partenaires ; Tony Blair ( préf . de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 1997 ; - 1997 : Martine Aubry : enquête sur une énigme politique ; Burel , Paul ; Tatu , Natacha ; Publication : Calmann-Lévy , 1997 ; - 1998 : Il est grand temps ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : Librairie générale française , 1998 ; - 2002 : Cest quoi la solidarité ? ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : A . Michel , 2000 ; - 2000 : Emploi et travail [ Texte imprimé ] : regards croisés ; Olivier Bertrand , Denis Clerc , Yves Clot.. . [ et al. ] ; sous la dir . de Jean Gadrey ( préf . par Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Montréal ( Québec ) : lHarmattan , 2000 ; - 2002 : La Ville à mille temps ; Sous la direction de Jean-Yves Boulin ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; - 2002 : Notre-Dame de la Treille , du rêve à la réalité ; Frédéric Vienne ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; - 2003 : Limportant , cest la santé ; coordonné par Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2003 ; - 2004 : Démocratie participative : Promesses et ambiguïté ; Michel Falise ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Aube ( 5 février 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Notre Sébasto...pol : Mémoire dun Théâtre 1903-2003 ; Edgar Duvivier ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication Publi-Nord ( 1 mars 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Culture toujours : et plus que jamais ! ; coordonné par Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2004 ; - 2004 : Réduire les fractures nord/sud : Une utopie ? ; sous la direction de Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 20 août 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Muscler sa conscience du bonheur en trente jours ; Martine Aubry ; Publications : Holoconcept ( 1 septembre 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Quel projet pour la gauche ? ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 19 novembre 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Une vision pour espérer , une volonté pour transformer ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2004 ; - 2005 : Un nouvel art de ville : Le projet urbain de Lille ; Pierre Saintignon ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Editions Ville de Lille ( janvier 1 , 2005 ) ; - 2005 : Le Maître au Feuillage brodé : Primitifs flamands . Secrets dateliers Florence Combert , Didier Martens ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : RMN ( 26 mai 2005 ) ; - 2005 : Felice Beato en Chine : Photographier la guerre en 1860 ; Annie-Laure Wanaverbecq ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Somogy ( 22 septembre 2005 ) ; - 2006 : Agir contre les discriminations ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 9 mars 2006 ) ; - 2008 : Et si on se retrouvait.. . ; Martine Aubry , Stéphane Paoli , et Jean Viard ; Publication : LAube ( 21 août 2008 ) ; External links . - CityMayors.com profile
|
[
"Minister of Labour , Employment and Vocational Training"
] |
[
{
"text": " Martine Louise Marie Aubry ( ; née Delors ; born 8 August 1945 ) is a French politician . She was the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste , or PS ) from November 2008 to April 2012 , and has been the Mayor of Lille ( Nord ) since March 2001 ; she is also the first female to hold this position . Her father , Jacques Delors , served as Minister of Finance under President François Mitterrand and was also President of the European Commission .",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": "Aubry joined the PS in 1974 , and was appointed Minister of Labour by Prime Minister Édith Cresson in 1991 , but lost her position in 1993 after the Right won the legislative elections . However , she became Minister of Social Affairs when Lionel Jospin was appointed Prime Minister in 1997 . She is mostly known for having pushed the popular 35-hour workweek law , known as the Loi Aubry , reducing the nominal length of the normal full-time working week from 39 to 35 hours , and the law that created Couverture maladie universelle ( Universal health care",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": "coverage ) .",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": " Aubry stepped down from her Cabinet post in 2001 to be elected Mayor of Lille in place of Pierre Mauroy . Aubry subsequently lost her seat in the National Assembly in the general election of 2002 . In March 2008 , she was re-elected Mayor of Lille , with 66.55% of the votes .",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": "In November 2008 , Aubry was elected to lead the Socialist Party , narrowly defeating Ségolène Royal . While Royal disputed the results , the Socialist Party declared on November 25 , 2008 , that Aubry had won the contested election . On 28 June 2011 , Martine Aubry announced she would seek the Socialist nomination to run in the 2012 presidential election , ultimately losing to François Hollande , her predecessor as First Secretary .",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Born in Paris , Aubry is the daughter of Jacques Delors , French Minister of Finance ( 1981–1985 ) and European Commission President ( 1985–1995 ) , and his wife Marie . Aubry was educated at the lycée Notre-Dame-des-Oiseaux and the lycée Paul-Valéry ( in Paris ) . She holds a degree in economic science from Panthéon-Assas University .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "She did additional studies , gaining a diploma from the Institut des Sciences Sociales du Travail , and one from the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( or Sciences Po ) in 1972 . Between 1973 and 1975 , Aubry studied at the École nationale dadministration ( ÉNA , National School of Administration ) .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In 1975 Aubry became a civil administrator at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs ( Ministère du Travail et des Affaires sociales ) . During this period , she was active within the French Democratic Confederation of Labour ( CFDT ) . She became a professor at ÉNA in 1978 . In addition , she was seconded to the State Council between 1980 and 1981 .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "Following the election of François Mitterrand to the French presidency in 1981 , Aubry successively held several posts at the Ministry of Social Affairs , in the cabinets of Jean Auroux and Pierre Bérégovoy . In 1984 , she investigated French asbestos policy for the Comité Permanent Amiante ( Permanent Asbestos Committee , an informal public-private working group formed to manage the health problems of workers affected by asbestos ) . The groups deputy director , Jean-Luc Pasquier , testified before the courts to account for the groups members actions .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " After the defeat of the socialists in the French legislative election of 1986 , Aubry was named Master of Requests at the State Council . From 1989-91 she worked as Assistant Director at Pechiney , working with Jean Gandois . She was involved with the opening of a plant at Dunkerque and the closure of the aluminium works at Noguères .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " Minister of Labour , Employment and Vocational Training : 1991–1993 . Aubry was named Minister of Labour , Employment and Vocational Training by Édith Cresson , and carried on in this capacity in the Bérégovoy ministry until March 1993 . According to Jean-Luc Pasquier , she supported the controlled use of asbestos whilst all other members of the EEC supported an outright ban . She caused the French veto of a European decree against the use of asbestos . France did not ban asbestos until 1997 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In January 2010 , a public health judge charged with investigating former government measures on asbestos had Aubry interrogated by gendarmes in Lille .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " When the Right came into power at the French legislative election in 1986 , Aubry started the Fondation Agir Contre lExclusion ( FACE , the Act Against Exclusion Foundation ) . In 1995 , Pierre Mauroy named her as the first deputy to the Mayor of Lille , thus giving her a foothold in the department of Nord .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Lionel Jospin , who became the socialist candidate as French President in 1995 , made her his campaign spokesman during the presidential campaign . Upon his defeat , Jospin became first secretary of the Socialist Party , and offered her the number two spot , which Aubry refused .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Aubry had good relations with part of the establishment , especially with her former Pechiney boss , Jean Gandois , and the Parti communiste francais . But she did not get on well with the unions , in particular with Nicole Notat , the former General Secretary of the CFDT",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Aubry has been described as hard and demanding . She counters , Je dis les choses en face , je ne suis pas faux-cul . Mais je crois être bien moins dure que beaucoup de gens en politique . Je suis même peut-être trop sensible . ( Im up-front , and Im not a hypocrite . But I think Im much less hard than many politicians . I may even be too sensitive. )",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Minister of Employment and Solidarity : 1997–2000 . Elected as a member of the National Assembly , Aubry was appointed in 1997 as Minister of Employment and Solidarity , the most important minister after the Prime Minister . The same year , to fight unemployment , she created a new employment contract for young people ( Emplois-jeunes ) with financial help from the government . In 1998 , a law establishing the 35-hour workweek was adopted .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , the Couverture maladie universelle ( CMU ) , a program that reimburses medical expenses through social security for everyone , was voted through . Furthermore , for people on low incomes , the CMU offers complementary health coverage of 100% , which is added to standard Social Security payments ; this avoids the necessity for additional private ( top-up ) insurance .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " 2012 Presidential candidacy . On June 28 , 2011 , Aubry said in a televised address from the former train station of Lille-Saint-Sauveur : I have decided to propose my candidacy to the presidential election . Following the first round of the citizens primary , she faced François Hollande in the second round of voting on October 16 in a two-way runoff . In the final round of voting , Hollande won the nomination with 56.6% of the vote .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "After Aubrys defeat in the primaries , she became one of the main supporters of the Francois Hollande presidential campaign . Aubrys name had been mentioned as a potential prime minister for François Hollande . But , after Hollande was elected President , he chose Jean-Marc Ayrault as Prime Minister ; Aubry refused to join his cabinet .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From 2014 : statements of divergence . On several occasions , Aubry expressed criticism of the Manuel Valls government , including the fact that he was chosen . In October 2014 , she asked for a reorientation of the economic policy .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During a press conference held September 23 , 2015 , where Aubry confirmed the choice of Pierre de Saintignon as the head of list for the next coming Regional Elections , she said that the bad polls of the list are partly caused by some choices of the government . She was criticising Emmanuel Macron , Minister of Economy since 2014 . Macron ? How to tell it.. . The cup is full , she said .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " - Governmental functions - Minister of Labor , Employment and Training 1991–1993 - Minister of Employment and Solidarity 1997–2000 ( resignation ) - Electoral mandates - National Assembly of France - Member of the National Assembly of France for Nord ( 5th constituency ) : elected in 1997 , but became minister in June - Municipal Council - Mayor of Lille since 2001 . Reelected in 2014 - Deputy-mayor of Lille : 1995–2001 - Municipal councillor of Lille since 1995 . Reelected in 2001 , 2008 - Urban community Council",
"title": "Political positions held"
},
{
"text": "- President of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole since 2008",
"title": "Political positions held"
},
{
"text": " - Vice-president of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole 1995–2008 . Reelected in 2001 - Member of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole since 1995 . Reelected in 2001 , 2008 - Political function - First Secretary ( leader ) of the Socialist Party ( France ) 2008–2012",
"title": "Political positions held"
},
{
"text": " - 1982 : Pratique de la fonction personnel : le management des ressources humaines ; Martine Aubry , Pierre Balloy , Robert Bosquet , Pierre Cazamian.. . [ etc. ] sous la direction de Dimitri Weiss.. . avec la collaboration de Pierre Morin ; Publication : Paris : Éditions dOrganisation , 1982 ; Description matérielle : 644 p . : ill . ; 25 cm ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 1992 : Le chômage de longue durée : comprendre , agir , évaluer : actes du Colloque Agir contre le chômage de longue durée , les 18 et 19 novembre 1991 à la Maison de la chimie à Paris / [ organisé par le Ministère du travail , Délégation à lemploi et la Mission interministérielle Recherche expérimentation , MIRE ; textes réunis par Patricia Bouillaguet et Christophe Guitton ; préf . par Martine Aubry ; Colloque Agir contre le chômage de longue durée ( 1991 ; Paris ) France . Mission interministérielle recherche-expérimentation ; Publication : Paris : Syros-Alternatives",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": ", 1992 ; Description matérielle : 745 p . : graph . ; 24 cm ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 1994 : Le choix dagir ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : Albin Michel , 1994 ; - 1995 : Carnet de route dun maire de banlieue : entre innovations et tempêtes ; Picard , Paul ( préf . de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Syros , 1995 ; - 1995 : Petit dictionnaire pour lutter contre lextrême droite ; Aubry , Martine ; Duhamel , Olivier ; Publication : Éd . du Seuil , 1995 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 1996 : Pauvretés ; sous la dir . de Claire Brisset , préf . de Martine Aubry ; Publication : Hachette , 1996 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 1997 : Il est grand temps ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : A . Michel , 1997 ; - 1997 : La nouvelle Grande-Bretagne : vers une société de partenaires ; Tony Blair ( préf . de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 1997 ; - 1997 : Martine Aubry : enquête sur une énigme politique ; Burel , Paul ; Tatu , Natacha ; Publication : Calmann-Lévy , 1997 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 1998 : Il est grand temps ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : Librairie générale française , 1998 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2002 : Cest quoi la solidarité ? ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : A . Michel , 2000 ; - 2000 : Emploi et travail [ Texte imprimé ] : regards croisés ; Olivier Bertrand , Denis Clerc , Yves Clot.. . [ et al. ] ; sous la dir . de Jean Gadrey ( préf . par Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Montréal ( Québec ) : lHarmattan , 2000 ; - 2002 : La Ville à mille temps ; Sous la direction de Jean-Yves Boulin ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 2002 : Notre-Dame de la Treille , du rêve à la réalité ; Frédéric Vienne ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2003 : Limportant , cest la santé ; coordonné par Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2003 ; - 2004 : Démocratie participative : Promesses et ambiguïté ; Michel Falise ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Aube ( 5 février 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Notre Sébasto...pol : Mémoire dun Théâtre 1903-2003 ; Edgar Duvivier ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication Publi-Nord ( 1 mars 2004 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Culture toujours : et plus que jamais ! ; coordonné par Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2004 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2004 : Réduire les fractures nord/sud : Une utopie ? ; sous la direction de Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 20 août 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Muscler sa conscience du bonheur en trente jours ; Martine Aubry ; Publications : Holoconcept ( 1 septembre 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Quel projet pour la gauche ? ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 19 novembre 2004 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Une vision pour espérer , une volonté pour transformer ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2004 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2005 : Un nouvel art de ville : Le projet urbain de Lille ; Pierre Saintignon ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Editions Ville de Lille ( janvier 1 , 2005 ) ; - 2005 : Le Maître au Feuillage brodé : Primitifs flamands . Secrets dateliers Florence Combert , Didier Martens ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : RMN ( 26 mai 2005 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 2005 : Felice Beato en Chine : Photographier la guerre en 1860 ; Annie-Laure Wanaverbecq ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Somogy ( 22 septembre 2005 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2006 : Agir contre les discriminations ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 9 mars 2006 ) ; - 2008 : Et si on se retrouvait.. . ; Martine Aubry , Stéphane Paoli , et Jean Viard ; Publication : LAube ( 21 août 2008 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - CityMayors.com profile",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Martine_Aubry#P39#1
|
What position did Martine Aubry take after Apr 2015?
|
Martine Aubry Martine Louise Marie Aubry ( ; née Delors ; born 8 August 1945 ) is a French politician . She was the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste , or PS ) from November 2008 to April 2012 , and has been the Mayor of Lille ( Nord ) since March 2001 ; she is also the first female to hold this position . Her father , Jacques Delors , served as Minister of Finance under President François Mitterrand and was also President of the European Commission . Aubry joined the PS in 1974 , and was appointed Minister of Labour by Prime Minister Édith Cresson in 1991 , but lost her position in 1993 after the Right won the legislative elections . However , she became Minister of Social Affairs when Lionel Jospin was appointed Prime Minister in 1997 . She is mostly known for having pushed the popular 35-hour workweek law , known as the Loi Aubry , reducing the nominal length of the normal full-time working week from 39 to 35 hours , and the law that created Couverture maladie universelle ( Universal health care coverage ) . Aubry stepped down from her Cabinet post in 2001 to be elected Mayor of Lille in place of Pierre Mauroy . Aubry subsequently lost her seat in the National Assembly in the general election of 2002 . In March 2008 , she was re-elected Mayor of Lille , with 66.55% of the votes . In November 2008 , Aubry was elected to lead the Socialist Party , narrowly defeating Ségolène Royal . While Royal disputed the results , the Socialist Party declared on November 25 , 2008 , that Aubry had won the contested election . On 28 June 2011 , Martine Aubry announced she would seek the Socialist nomination to run in the 2012 presidential election , ultimately losing to François Hollande , her predecessor as First Secretary . Biography . Early life and education . Born in Paris , Aubry is the daughter of Jacques Delors , French Minister of Finance ( 1981–1985 ) and European Commission President ( 1985–1995 ) , and his wife Marie . Aubry was educated at the lycée Notre-Dame-des-Oiseaux and the lycée Paul-Valéry ( in Paris ) . She holds a degree in economic science from Panthéon-Assas University . She did additional studies , gaining a diploma from the Institut des Sciences Sociales du Travail , and one from the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( or Sciences Po ) in 1972 . Between 1973 and 1975 , Aubry studied at the École nationale dadministration ( ÉNA , National School of Administration ) . Professional career . In 1975 Aubry became a civil administrator at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs ( Ministère du Travail et des Affaires sociales ) . During this period , she was active within the French Democratic Confederation of Labour ( CFDT ) . She became a professor at ÉNA in 1978 . In addition , she was seconded to the State Council between 1980 and 1981 . Following the election of François Mitterrand to the French presidency in 1981 , Aubry successively held several posts at the Ministry of Social Affairs , in the cabinets of Jean Auroux and Pierre Bérégovoy . In 1984 , she investigated French asbestos policy for the Comité Permanent Amiante ( Permanent Asbestos Committee , an informal public-private working group formed to manage the health problems of workers affected by asbestos ) . The groups deputy director , Jean-Luc Pasquier , testified before the courts to account for the groups members actions . After the defeat of the socialists in the French legislative election of 1986 , Aubry was named Master of Requests at the State Council . From 1989-91 she worked as Assistant Director at Pechiney , working with Jean Gandois . She was involved with the opening of a plant at Dunkerque and the closure of the aluminium works at Noguères . Political career . Minister of Labour , Employment and Vocational Training : 1991–1993 . Aubry was named Minister of Labour , Employment and Vocational Training by Édith Cresson , and carried on in this capacity in the Bérégovoy ministry until March 1993 . According to Jean-Luc Pasquier , she supported the controlled use of asbestos whilst all other members of the EEC supported an outright ban . She caused the French veto of a European decree against the use of asbestos . France did not ban asbestos until 1997 . In January 2010 , a public health judge charged with investigating former government measures on asbestos had Aubry interrogated by gendarmes in Lille . When the Right came into power at the French legislative election in 1986 , Aubry started the Fondation Agir Contre lExclusion ( FACE , the Act Against Exclusion Foundation ) . In 1995 , Pierre Mauroy named her as the first deputy to the Mayor of Lille , thus giving her a foothold in the department of Nord . Lionel Jospin , who became the socialist candidate as French President in 1995 , made her his campaign spokesman during the presidential campaign . Upon his defeat , Jospin became first secretary of the Socialist Party , and offered her the number two spot , which Aubry refused . Aubry had good relations with part of the establishment , especially with her former Pechiney boss , Jean Gandois , and the Parti communiste francais . But she did not get on well with the unions , in particular with Nicole Notat , the former General Secretary of the CFDT Aubry has been described as hard and demanding . She counters , Je dis les choses en face , je ne suis pas faux-cul . Mais je crois être bien moins dure que beaucoup de gens en politique . Je suis même peut-être trop sensible . ( Im up-front , and Im not a hypocrite . But I think Im much less hard than many politicians . I may even be too sensitive. ) Minister of Employment and Solidarity : 1997–2000 . Elected as a member of the National Assembly , Aubry was appointed in 1997 as Minister of Employment and Solidarity , the most important minister after the Prime Minister . The same year , to fight unemployment , she created a new employment contract for young people ( Emplois-jeunes ) with financial help from the government . In 1998 , a law establishing the 35-hour workweek was adopted . In 1999 , the Couverture maladie universelle ( CMU ) , a program that reimburses medical expenses through social security for everyone , was voted through . Furthermore , for people on low incomes , the CMU offers complementary health coverage of 100% , which is added to standard Social Security payments ; this avoids the necessity for additional private ( top-up ) insurance . 2012 Presidential candidacy . On June 28 , 2011 , Aubry said in a televised address from the former train station of Lille-Saint-Sauveur : I have decided to propose my candidacy to the presidential election . Following the first round of the citizens primary , she faced François Hollande in the second round of voting on October 16 in a two-way runoff . In the final round of voting , Hollande won the nomination with 56.6% of the vote . After Aubrys defeat in the primaries , she became one of the main supporters of the Francois Hollande presidential campaign . Aubrys name had been mentioned as a potential prime minister for François Hollande . But , after Hollande was elected President , he chose Jean-Marc Ayrault as Prime Minister ; Aubry refused to join his cabinet . From 2014 : statements of divergence . On several occasions , Aubry expressed criticism of the Manuel Valls government , including the fact that he was chosen . In October 2014 , she asked for a reorientation of the economic policy . During a press conference held September 23 , 2015 , where Aubry confirmed the choice of Pierre de Saintignon as the head of list for the next coming Regional Elections , she said that the bad polls of the list are partly caused by some choices of the government . She was criticising Emmanuel Macron , Minister of Economy since 2014 . Macron ? How to tell it.. . The cup is full , she said . Political positions held . - Governmental functions - Minister of Labor , Employment and Training 1991–1993 - Minister of Employment and Solidarity 1997–2000 ( resignation ) - Electoral mandates - National Assembly of France - Member of the National Assembly of France for Nord ( 5th constituency ) : elected in 1997 , but became minister in June - Municipal Council - Mayor of Lille since 2001 . Reelected in 2014 - Deputy-mayor of Lille : 1995–2001 - Municipal councillor of Lille since 1995 . Reelected in 2001 , 2008 - Urban community Council - President of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole since 2008 - Vice-president of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole 1995–2008 . Reelected in 2001 - Member of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole since 1995 . Reelected in 2001 , 2008 - Political function - First Secretary ( leader ) of the Socialist Party ( France ) 2008–2012 Bibliography . - 1982 : Pratique de la fonction personnel : le management des ressources humaines ; Martine Aubry , Pierre Balloy , Robert Bosquet , Pierre Cazamian.. . [ etc. ] sous la direction de Dimitri Weiss.. . avec la collaboration de Pierre Morin ; Publication : Paris : Éditions dOrganisation , 1982 ; Description matérielle : 644 p . : ill . ; 25 cm ; - 1992 : Le chômage de longue durée : comprendre , agir , évaluer : actes du Colloque Agir contre le chômage de longue durée , les 18 et 19 novembre 1991 à la Maison de la chimie à Paris / [ organisé par le Ministère du travail , Délégation à lemploi et la Mission interministérielle Recherche expérimentation , MIRE ; textes réunis par Patricia Bouillaguet et Christophe Guitton ; préf . par Martine Aubry ; Colloque Agir contre le chômage de longue durée ( 1991 ; Paris ) France . Mission interministérielle recherche-expérimentation ; Publication : Paris : Syros-Alternatives , 1992 ; Description matérielle : 745 p . : graph . ; 24 cm ; - 1994 : Le choix dagir ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : Albin Michel , 1994 ; - 1995 : Carnet de route dun maire de banlieue : entre innovations et tempêtes ; Picard , Paul ( préf . de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Syros , 1995 ; - 1995 : Petit dictionnaire pour lutter contre lextrême droite ; Aubry , Martine ; Duhamel , Olivier ; Publication : Éd . du Seuil , 1995 ; - 1996 : Pauvretés ; sous la dir . de Claire Brisset , préf . de Martine Aubry ; Publication : Hachette , 1996 ; - 1997 : Il est grand temps ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : A . Michel , 1997 ; - 1997 : La nouvelle Grande-Bretagne : vers une société de partenaires ; Tony Blair ( préf . de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 1997 ; - 1997 : Martine Aubry : enquête sur une énigme politique ; Burel , Paul ; Tatu , Natacha ; Publication : Calmann-Lévy , 1997 ; - 1998 : Il est grand temps ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : Librairie générale française , 1998 ; - 2002 : Cest quoi la solidarité ? ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : A . Michel , 2000 ; - 2000 : Emploi et travail [ Texte imprimé ] : regards croisés ; Olivier Bertrand , Denis Clerc , Yves Clot.. . [ et al. ] ; sous la dir . de Jean Gadrey ( préf . par Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Montréal ( Québec ) : lHarmattan , 2000 ; - 2002 : La Ville à mille temps ; Sous la direction de Jean-Yves Boulin ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; - 2002 : Notre-Dame de la Treille , du rêve à la réalité ; Frédéric Vienne ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; - 2003 : Limportant , cest la santé ; coordonné par Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2003 ; - 2004 : Démocratie participative : Promesses et ambiguïté ; Michel Falise ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Aube ( 5 février 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Notre Sébasto...pol : Mémoire dun Théâtre 1903-2003 ; Edgar Duvivier ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication Publi-Nord ( 1 mars 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Culture toujours : et plus que jamais ! ; coordonné par Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2004 ; - 2004 : Réduire les fractures nord/sud : Une utopie ? ; sous la direction de Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 20 août 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Muscler sa conscience du bonheur en trente jours ; Martine Aubry ; Publications : Holoconcept ( 1 septembre 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Quel projet pour la gauche ? ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 19 novembre 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Une vision pour espérer , une volonté pour transformer ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2004 ; - 2005 : Un nouvel art de ville : Le projet urbain de Lille ; Pierre Saintignon ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Editions Ville de Lille ( janvier 1 , 2005 ) ; - 2005 : Le Maître au Feuillage brodé : Primitifs flamands . Secrets dateliers Florence Combert , Didier Martens ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : RMN ( 26 mai 2005 ) ; - 2005 : Felice Beato en Chine : Photographier la guerre en 1860 ; Annie-Laure Wanaverbecq ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Somogy ( 22 septembre 2005 ) ; - 2006 : Agir contre les discriminations ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 9 mars 2006 ) ; - 2008 : Et si on se retrouvait.. . ; Martine Aubry , Stéphane Paoli , et Jean Viard ; Publication : LAube ( 21 août 2008 ) ; External links . - CityMayors.com profile
|
[
"Mayor of Lille"
] |
[
{
"text": " Martine Louise Marie Aubry ( ; née Delors ; born 8 August 1945 ) is a French politician . She was the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste , or PS ) from November 2008 to April 2012 , and has been the Mayor of Lille ( Nord ) since March 2001 ; she is also the first female to hold this position . Her father , Jacques Delors , served as Minister of Finance under President François Mitterrand and was also President of the European Commission .",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": "Aubry joined the PS in 1974 , and was appointed Minister of Labour by Prime Minister Édith Cresson in 1991 , but lost her position in 1993 after the Right won the legislative elections . However , she became Minister of Social Affairs when Lionel Jospin was appointed Prime Minister in 1997 . She is mostly known for having pushed the popular 35-hour workweek law , known as the Loi Aubry , reducing the nominal length of the normal full-time working week from 39 to 35 hours , and the law that created Couverture maladie universelle ( Universal health care",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": "coverage ) .",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": " Aubry stepped down from her Cabinet post in 2001 to be elected Mayor of Lille in place of Pierre Mauroy . Aubry subsequently lost her seat in the National Assembly in the general election of 2002 . In March 2008 , she was re-elected Mayor of Lille , with 66.55% of the votes .",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": "In November 2008 , Aubry was elected to lead the Socialist Party , narrowly defeating Ségolène Royal . While Royal disputed the results , the Socialist Party declared on November 25 , 2008 , that Aubry had won the contested election . On 28 June 2011 , Martine Aubry announced she would seek the Socialist nomination to run in the 2012 presidential election , ultimately losing to François Hollande , her predecessor as First Secretary .",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Born in Paris , Aubry is the daughter of Jacques Delors , French Minister of Finance ( 1981–1985 ) and European Commission President ( 1985–1995 ) , and his wife Marie . Aubry was educated at the lycée Notre-Dame-des-Oiseaux and the lycée Paul-Valéry ( in Paris ) . She holds a degree in economic science from Panthéon-Assas University .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "She did additional studies , gaining a diploma from the Institut des Sciences Sociales du Travail , and one from the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( or Sciences Po ) in 1972 . Between 1973 and 1975 , Aubry studied at the École nationale dadministration ( ÉNA , National School of Administration ) .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In 1975 Aubry became a civil administrator at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs ( Ministère du Travail et des Affaires sociales ) . During this period , she was active within the French Democratic Confederation of Labour ( CFDT ) . She became a professor at ÉNA in 1978 . In addition , she was seconded to the State Council between 1980 and 1981 .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "Following the election of François Mitterrand to the French presidency in 1981 , Aubry successively held several posts at the Ministry of Social Affairs , in the cabinets of Jean Auroux and Pierre Bérégovoy . In 1984 , she investigated French asbestos policy for the Comité Permanent Amiante ( Permanent Asbestos Committee , an informal public-private working group formed to manage the health problems of workers affected by asbestos ) . The groups deputy director , Jean-Luc Pasquier , testified before the courts to account for the groups members actions .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " After the defeat of the socialists in the French legislative election of 1986 , Aubry was named Master of Requests at the State Council . From 1989-91 she worked as Assistant Director at Pechiney , working with Jean Gandois . She was involved with the opening of a plant at Dunkerque and the closure of the aluminium works at Noguères .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " Minister of Labour , Employment and Vocational Training : 1991–1993 . Aubry was named Minister of Labour , Employment and Vocational Training by Édith Cresson , and carried on in this capacity in the Bérégovoy ministry until March 1993 . According to Jean-Luc Pasquier , she supported the controlled use of asbestos whilst all other members of the EEC supported an outright ban . She caused the French veto of a European decree against the use of asbestos . France did not ban asbestos until 1997 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In January 2010 , a public health judge charged with investigating former government measures on asbestos had Aubry interrogated by gendarmes in Lille .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " When the Right came into power at the French legislative election in 1986 , Aubry started the Fondation Agir Contre lExclusion ( FACE , the Act Against Exclusion Foundation ) . In 1995 , Pierre Mauroy named her as the first deputy to the Mayor of Lille , thus giving her a foothold in the department of Nord .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Lionel Jospin , who became the socialist candidate as French President in 1995 , made her his campaign spokesman during the presidential campaign . Upon his defeat , Jospin became first secretary of the Socialist Party , and offered her the number two spot , which Aubry refused .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Aubry had good relations with part of the establishment , especially with her former Pechiney boss , Jean Gandois , and the Parti communiste francais . But she did not get on well with the unions , in particular with Nicole Notat , the former General Secretary of the CFDT",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Aubry has been described as hard and demanding . She counters , Je dis les choses en face , je ne suis pas faux-cul . Mais je crois être bien moins dure que beaucoup de gens en politique . Je suis même peut-être trop sensible . ( Im up-front , and Im not a hypocrite . But I think Im much less hard than many politicians . I may even be too sensitive. )",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Minister of Employment and Solidarity : 1997–2000 . Elected as a member of the National Assembly , Aubry was appointed in 1997 as Minister of Employment and Solidarity , the most important minister after the Prime Minister . The same year , to fight unemployment , she created a new employment contract for young people ( Emplois-jeunes ) with financial help from the government . In 1998 , a law establishing the 35-hour workweek was adopted .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , the Couverture maladie universelle ( CMU ) , a program that reimburses medical expenses through social security for everyone , was voted through . Furthermore , for people on low incomes , the CMU offers complementary health coverage of 100% , which is added to standard Social Security payments ; this avoids the necessity for additional private ( top-up ) insurance .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " 2012 Presidential candidacy . On June 28 , 2011 , Aubry said in a televised address from the former train station of Lille-Saint-Sauveur : I have decided to propose my candidacy to the presidential election . Following the first round of the citizens primary , she faced François Hollande in the second round of voting on October 16 in a two-way runoff . In the final round of voting , Hollande won the nomination with 56.6% of the vote .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "After Aubrys defeat in the primaries , she became one of the main supporters of the Francois Hollande presidential campaign . Aubrys name had been mentioned as a potential prime minister for François Hollande . But , after Hollande was elected President , he chose Jean-Marc Ayrault as Prime Minister ; Aubry refused to join his cabinet .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From 2014 : statements of divergence . On several occasions , Aubry expressed criticism of the Manuel Valls government , including the fact that he was chosen . In October 2014 , she asked for a reorientation of the economic policy .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During a press conference held September 23 , 2015 , where Aubry confirmed the choice of Pierre de Saintignon as the head of list for the next coming Regional Elections , she said that the bad polls of the list are partly caused by some choices of the government . She was criticising Emmanuel Macron , Minister of Economy since 2014 . Macron ? How to tell it.. . The cup is full , she said .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " - Governmental functions - Minister of Labor , Employment and Training 1991–1993 - Minister of Employment and Solidarity 1997–2000 ( resignation ) - Electoral mandates - National Assembly of France - Member of the National Assembly of France for Nord ( 5th constituency ) : elected in 1997 , but became minister in June - Municipal Council - Mayor of Lille since 2001 . Reelected in 2014 - Deputy-mayor of Lille : 1995–2001 - Municipal councillor of Lille since 1995 . Reelected in 2001 , 2008 - Urban community Council",
"title": "Political positions held"
},
{
"text": "- President of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole since 2008",
"title": "Political positions held"
},
{
"text": " - Vice-president of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole 1995–2008 . Reelected in 2001 - Member of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole since 1995 . Reelected in 2001 , 2008 - Political function - First Secretary ( leader ) of the Socialist Party ( France ) 2008–2012",
"title": "Political positions held"
},
{
"text": " - 1982 : Pratique de la fonction personnel : le management des ressources humaines ; Martine Aubry , Pierre Balloy , Robert Bosquet , Pierre Cazamian.. . [ etc. ] sous la direction de Dimitri Weiss.. . avec la collaboration de Pierre Morin ; Publication : Paris : Éditions dOrganisation , 1982 ; Description matérielle : 644 p . : ill . ; 25 cm ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 1992 : Le chômage de longue durée : comprendre , agir , évaluer : actes du Colloque Agir contre le chômage de longue durée , les 18 et 19 novembre 1991 à la Maison de la chimie à Paris / [ organisé par le Ministère du travail , Délégation à lemploi et la Mission interministérielle Recherche expérimentation , MIRE ; textes réunis par Patricia Bouillaguet et Christophe Guitton ; préf . par Martine Aubry ; Colloque Agir contre le chômage de longue durée ( 1991 ; Paris ) France . Mission interministérielle recherche-expérimentation ; Publication : Paris : Syros-Alternatives",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": ", 1992 ; Description matérielle : 745 p . : graph . ; 24 cm ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 1994 : Le choix dagir ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : Albin Michel , 1994 ; - 1995 : Carnet de route dun maire de banlieue : entre innovations et tempêtes ; Picard , Paul ( préf . de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Syros , 1995 ; - 1995 : Petit dictionnaire pour lutter contre lextrême droite ; Aubry , Martine ; Duhamel , Olivier ; Publication : Éd . du Seuil , 1995 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 1996 : Pauvretés ; sous la dir . de Claire Brisset , préf . de Martine Aubry ; Publication : Hachette , 1996 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 1997 : Il est grand temps ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : A . Michel , 1997 ; - 1997 : La nouvelle Grande-Bretagne : vers une société de partenaires ; Tony Blair ( préf . de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 1997 ; - 1997 : Martine Aubry : enquête sur une énigme politique ; Burel , Paul ; Tatu , Natacha ; Publication : Calmann-Lévy , 1997 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 1998 : Il est grand temps ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : Librairie générale française , 1998 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2002 : Cest quoi la solidarité ? ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : A . Michel , 2000 ; - 2000 : Emploi et travail [ Texte imprimé ] : regards croisés ; Olivier Bertrand , Denis Clerc , Yves Clot.. . [ et al. ] ; sous la dir . de Jean Gadrey ( préf . par Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Montréal ( Québec ) : lHarmattan , 2000 ; - 2002 : La Ville à mille temps ; Sous la direction de Jean-Yves Boulin ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 2002 : Notre-Dame de la Treille , du rêve à la réalité ; Frédéric Vienne ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2003 : Limportant , cest la santé ; coordonné par Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2003 ; - 2004 : Démocratie participative : Promesses et ambiguïté ; Michel Falise ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Aube ( 5 février 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Notre Sébasto...pol : Mémoire dun Théâtre 1903-2003 ; Edgar Duvivier ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication Publi-Nord ( 1 mars 2004 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Culture toujours : et plus que jamais ! ; coordonné par Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2004 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2004 : Réduire les fractures nord/sud : Une utopie ? ; sous la direction de Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 20 août 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Muscler sa conscience du bonheur en trente jours ; Martine Aubry ; Publications : Holoconcept ( 1 septembre 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Quel projet pour la gauche ? ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 19 novembre 2004 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Une vision pour espérer , une volonté pour transformer ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2004 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2005 : Un nouvel art de ville : Le projet urbain de Lille ; Pierre Saintignon ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Editions Ville de Lille ( janvier 1 , 2005 ) ; - 2005 : Le Maître au Feuillage brodé : Primitifs flamands . Secrets dateliers Florence Combert , Didier Martens ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : RMN ( 26 mai 2005 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 2005 : Felice Beato en Chine : Photographier la guerre en 1860 ; Annie-Laure Wanaverbecq ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Somogy ( 22 septembre 2005 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2006 : Agir contre les discriminations ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 9 mars 2006 ) ; - 2008 : Et si on se retrouvait.. . ; Martine Aubry , Stéphane Paoli , et Jean Viard ; Publication : LAube ( 21 août 2008 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - CityMayors.com profile",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Martine_Aubry#P39#2
|
What position did Martine Aubry take between Aug 2019 and Oct 2019?
|
Martine Aubry Martine Louise Marie Aubry ( ; née Delors ; born 8 August 1945 ) is a French politician . She was the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste , or PS ) from November 2008 to April 2012 , and has been the Mayor of Lille ( Nord ) since March 2001 ; she is also the first female to hold this position . Her father , Jacques Delors , served as Minister of Finance under President François Mitterrand and was also President of the European Commission . Aubry joined the PS in 1974 , and was appointed Minister of Labour by Prime Minister Édith Cresson in 1991 , but lost her position in 1993 after the Right won the legislative elections . However , she became Minister of Social Affairs when Lionel Jospin was appointed Prime Minister in 1997 . She is mostly known for having pushed the popular 35-hour workweek law , known as the Loi Aubry , reducing the nominal length of the normal full-time working week from 39 to 35 hours , and the law that created Couverture maladie universelle ( Universal health care coverage ) . Aubry stepped down from her Cabinet post in 2001 to be elected Mayor of Lille in place of Pierre Mauroy . Aubry subsequently lost her seat in the National Assembly in the general election of 2002 . In March 2008 , she was re-elected Mayor of Lille , with 66.55% of the votes . In November 2008 , Aubry was elected to lead the Socialist Party , narrowly defeating Ségolène Royal . While Royal disputed the results , the Socialist Party declared on November 25 , 2008 , that Aubry had won the contested election . On 28 June 2011 , Martine Aubry announced she would seek the Socialist nomination to run in the 2012 presidential election , ultimately losing to François Hollande , her predecessor as First Secretary . Biography . Early life and education . Born in Paris , Aubry is the daughter of Jacques Delors , French Minister of Finance ( 1981–1985 ) and European Commission President ( 1985–1995 ) , and his wife Marie . Aubry was educated at the lycée Notre-Dame-des-Oiseaux and the lycée Paul-Valéry ( in Paris ) . She holds a degree in economic science from Panthéon-Assas University . She did additional studies , gaining a diploma from the Institut des Sciences Sociales du Travail , and one from the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( or Sciences Po ) in 1972 . Between 1973 and 1975 , Aubry studied at the École nationale dadministration ( ÉNA , National School of Administration ) . Professional career . In 1975 Aubry became a civil administrator at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs ( Ministère du Travail et des Affaires sociales ) . During this period , she was active within the French Democratic Confederation of Labour ( CFDT ) . She became a professor at ÉNA in 1978 . In addition , she was seconded to the State Council between 1980 and 1981 . Following the election of François Mitterrand to the French presidency in 1981 , Aubry successively held several posts at the Ministry of Social Affairs , in the cabinets of Jean Auroux and Pierre Bérégovoy . In 1984 , she investigated French asbestos policy for the Comité Permanent Amiante ( Permanent Asbestos Committee , an informal public-private working group formed to manage the health problems of workers affected by asbestos ) . The groups deputy director , Jean-Luc Pasquier , testified before the courts to account for the groups members actions . After the defeat of the socialists in the French legislative election of 1986 , Aubry was named Master of Requests at the State Council . From 1989-91 she worked as Assistant Director at Pechiney , working with Jean Gandois . She was involved with the opening of a plant at Dunkerque and the closure of the aluminium works at Noguères . Political career . Minister of Labour , Employment and Vocational Training : 1991–1993 . Aubry was named Minister of Labour , Employment and Vocational Training by Édith Cresson , and carried on in this capacity in the Bérégovoy ministry until March 1993 . According to Jean-Luc Pasquier , she supported the controlled use of asbestos whilst all other members of the EEC supported an outright ban . She caused the French veto of a European decree against the use of asbestos . France did not ban asbestos until 1997 . In January 2010 , a public health judge charged with investigating former government measures on asbestos had Aubry interrogated by gendarmes in Lille . When the Right came into power at the French legislative election in 1986 , Aubry started the Fondation Agir Contre lExclusion ( FACE , the Act Against Exclusion Foundation ) . In 1995 , Pierre Mauroy named her as the first deputy to the Mayor of Lille , thus giving her a foothold in the department of Nord . Lionel Jospin , who became the socialist candidate as French President in 1995 , made her his campaign spokesman during the presidential campaign . Upon his defeat , Jospin became first secretary of the Socialist Party , and offered her the number two spot , which Aubry refused . Aubry had good relations with part of the establishment , especially with her former Pechiney boss , Jean Gandois , and the Parti communiste francais . But she did not get on well with the unions , in particular with Nicole Notat , the former General Secretary of the CFDT Aubry has been described as hard and demanding . She counters , Je dis les choses en face , je ne suis pas faux-cul . Mais je crois être bien moins dure que beaucoup de gens en politique . Je suis même peut-être trop sensible . ( Im up-front , and Im not a hypocrite . But I think Im much less hard than many politicians . I may even be too sensitive. ) Minister of Employment and Solidarity : 1997–2000 . Elected as a member of the National Assembly , Aubry was appointed in 1997 as Minister of Employment and Solidarity , the most important minister after the Prime Minister . The same year , to fight unemployment , she created a new employment contract for young people ( Emplois-jeunes ) with financial help from the government . In 1998 , a law establishing the 35-hour workweek was adopted . In 1999 , the Couverture maladie universelle ( CMU ) , a program that reimburses medical expenses through social security for everyone , was voted through . Furthermore , for people on low incomes , the CMU offers complementary health coverage of 100% , which is added to standard Social Security payments ; this avoids the necessity for additional private ( top-up ) insurance . 2012 Presidential candidacy . On June 28 , 2011 , Aubry said in a televised address from the former train station of Lille-Saint-Sauveur : I have decided to propose my candidacy to the presidential election . Following the first round of the citizens primary , she faced François Hollande in the second round of voting on October 16 in a two-way runoff . In the final round of voting , Hollande won the nomination with 56.6% of the vote . After Aubrys defeat in the primaries , she became one of the main supporters of the Francois Hollande presidential campaign . Aubrys name had been mentioned as a potential prime minister for François Hollande . But , after Hollande was elected President , he chose Jean-Marc Ayrault as Prime Minister ; Aubry refused to join his cabinet . From 2014 : statements of divergence . On several occasions , Aubry expressed criticism of the Manuel Valls government , including the fact that he was chosen . In October 2014 , she asked for a reorientation of the economic policy . During a press conference held September 23 , 2015 , where Aubry confirmed the choice of Pierre de Saintignon as the head of list for the next coming Regional Elections , she said that the bad polls of the list are partly caused by some choices of the government . She was criticising Emmanuel Macron , Minister of Economy since 2014 . Macron ? How to tell it.. . The cup is full , she said . Political positions held . - Governmental functions - Minister of Labor , Employment and Training 1991–1993 - Minister of Employment and Solidarity 1997–2000 ( resignation ) - Electoral mandates - National Assembly of France - Member of the National Assembly of France for Nord ( 5th constituency ) : elected in 1997 , but became minister in June - Municipal Council - Mayor of Lille since 2001 . Reelected in 2014 - Deputy-mayor of Lille : 1995–2001 - Municipal councillor of Lille since 1995 . Reelected in 2001 , 2008 - Urban community Council - President of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole since 2008 - Vice-president of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole 1995–2008 . Reelected in 2001 - Member of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole since 1995 . Reelected in 2001 , 2008 - Political function - First Secretary ( leader ) of the Socialist Party ( France ) 2008–2012 Bibliography . - 1982 : Pratique de la fonction personnel : le management des ressources humaines ; Martine Aubry , Pierre Balloy , Robert Bosquet , Pierre Cazamian.. . [ etc. ] sous la direction de Dimitri Weiss.. . avec la collaboration de Pierre Morin ; Publication : Paris : Éditions dOrganisation , 1982 ; Description matérielle : 644 p . : ill . ; 25 cm ; - 1992 : Le chômage de longue durée : comprendre , agir , évaluer : actes du Colloque Agir contre le chômage de longue durée , les 18 et 19 novembre 1991 à la Maison de la chimie à Paris / [ organisé par le Ministère du travail , Délégation à lemploi et la Mission interministérielle Recherche expérimentation , MIRE ; textes réunis par Patricia Bouillaguet et Christophe Guitton ; préf . par Martine Aubry ; Colloque Agir contre le chômage de longue durée ( 1991 ; Paris ) France . Mission interministérielle recherche-expérimentation ; Publication : Paris : Syros-Alternatives , 1992 ; Description matérielle : 745 p . : graph . ; 24 cm ; - 1994 : Le choix dagir ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : Albin Michel , 1994 ; - 1995 : Carnet de route dun maire de banlieue : entre innovations et tempêtes ; Picard , Paul ( préf . de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Syros , 1995 ; - 1995 : Petit dictionnaire pour lutter contre lextrême droite ; Aubry , Martine ; Duhamel , Olivier ; Publication : Éd . du Seuil , 1995 ; - 1996 : Pauvretés ; sous la dir . de Claire Brisset , préf . de Martine Aubry ; Publication : Hachette , 1996 ; - 1997 : Il est grand temps ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : A . Michel , 1997 ; - 1997 : La nouvelle Grande-Bretagne : vers une société de partenaires ; Tony Blair ( préf . de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 1997 ; - 1997 : Martine Aubry : enquête sur une énigme politique ; Burel , Paul ; Tatu , Natacha ; Publication : Calmann-Lévy , 1997 ; - 1998 : Il est grand temps ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : Librairie générale française , 1998 ; - 2002 : Cest quoi la solidarité ? ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : A . Michel , 2000 ; - 2000 : Emploi et travail [ Texte imprimé ] : regards croisés ; Olivier Bertrand , Denis Clerc , Yves Clot.. . [ et al. ] ; sous la dir . de Jean Gadrey ( préf . par Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Montréal ( Québec ) : lHarmattan , 2000 ; - 2002 : La Ville à mille temps ; Sous la direction de Jean-Yves Boulin ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; - 2002 : Notre-Dame de la Treille , du rêve à la réalité ; Frédéric Vienne ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; - 2003 : Limportant , cest la santé ; coordonné par Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2003 ; - 2004 : Démocratie participative : Promesses et ambiguïté ; Michel Falise ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Aube ( 5 février 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Notre Sébasto...pol : Mémoire dun Théâtre 1903-2003 ; Edgar Duvivier ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication Publi-Nord ( 1 mars 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Culture toujours : et plus que jamais ! ; coordonné par Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2004 ; - 2004 : Réduire les fractures nord/sud : Une utopie ? ; sous la direction de Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 20 août 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Muscler sa conscience du bonheur en trente jours ; Martine Aubry ; Publications : Holoconcept ( 1 septembre 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Quel projet pour la gauche ? ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 19 novembre 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Une vision pour espérer , une volonté pour transformer ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2004 ; - 2005 : Un nouvel art de ville : Le projet urbain de Lille ; Pierre Saintignon ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Editions Ville de Lille ( janvier 1 , 2005 ) ; - 2005 : Le Maître au Feuillage brodé : Primitifs flamands . Secrets dateliers Florence Combert , Didier Martens ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : RMN ( 26 mai 2005 ) ; - 2005 : Felice Beato en Chine : Photographier la guerre en 1860 ; Annie-Laure Wanaverbecq ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Somogy ( 22 septembre 2005 ) ; - 2006 : Agir contre les discriminations ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 9 mars 2006 ) ; - 2008 : Et si on se retrouvait.. . ; Martine Aubry , Stéphane Paoli , et Jean Viard ; Publication : LAube ( 21 août 2008 ) ; External links . - CityMayors.com profile
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Martine Louise Marie Aubry ( ; née Delors ; born 8 August 1945 ) is a French politician . She was the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste , or PS ) from November 2008 to April 2012 , and has been the Mayor of Lille ( Nord ) since March 2001 ; she is also the first female to hold this position . Her father , Jacques Delors , served as Minister of Finance under President François Mitterrand and was also President of the European Commission .",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": "Aubry joined the PS in 1974 , and was appointed Minister of Labour by Prime Minister Édith Cresson in 1991 , but lost her position in 1993 after the Right won the legislative elections . However , she became Minister of Social Affairs when Lionel Jospin was appointed Prime Minister in 1997 . She is mostly known for having pushed the popular 35-hour workweek law , known as the Loi Aubry , reducing the nominal length of the normal full-time working week from 39 to 35 hours , and the law that created Couverture maladie universelle ( Universal health care",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": "coverage ) .",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": " Aubry stepped down from her Cabinet post in 2001 to be elected Mayor of Lille in place of Pierre Mauroy . Aubry subsequently lost her seat in the National Assembly in the general election of 2002 . In March 2008 , she was re-elected Mayor of Lille , with 66.55% of the votes .",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": "In November 2008 , Aubry was elected to lead the Socialist Party , narrowly defeating Ségolène Royal . While Royal disputed the results , the Socialist Party declared on November 25 , 2008 , that Aubry had won the contested election . On 28 June 2011 , Martine Aubry announced she would seek the Socialist nomination to run in the 2012 presidential election , ultimately losing to François Hollande , her predecessor as First Secretary .",
"title": "Martine Aubry"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Born in Paris , Aubry is the daughter of Jacques Delors , French Minister of Finance ( 1981–1985 ) and European Commission President ( 1985–1995 ) , and his wife Marie . Aubry was educated at the lycée Notre-Dame-des-Oiseaux and the lycée Paul-Valéry ( in Paris ) . She holds a degree in economic science from Panthéon-Assas University .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "She did additional studies , gaining a diploma from the Institut des Sciences Sociales du Travail , and one from the Institut dÉtudes Politiques de Paris ( or Sciences Po ) in 1972 . Between 1973 and 1975 , Aubry studied at the École nationale dadministration ( ÉNA , National School of Administration ) .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In 1975 Aubry became a civil administrator at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs ( Ministère du Travail et des Affaires sociales ) . During this period , she was active within the French Democratic Confederation of Labour ( CFDT ) . She became a professor at ÉNA in 1978 . In addition , she was seconded to the State Council between 1980 and 1981 .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "Following the election of François Mitterrand to the French presidency in 1981 , Aubry successively held several posts at the Ministry of Social Affairs , in the cabinets of Jean Auroux and Pierre Bérégovoy . In 1984 , she investigated French asbestos policy for the Comité Permanent Amiante ( Permanent Asbestos Committee , an informal public-private working group formed to manage the health problems of workers affected by asbestos ) . The groups deputy director , Jean-Luc Pasquier , testified before the courts to account for the groups members actions .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " After the defeat of the socialists in the French legislative election of 1986 , Aubry was named Master of Requests at the State Council . From 1989-91 she worked as Assistant Director at Pechiney , working with Jean Gandois . She was involved with the opening of a plant at Dunkerque and the closure of the aluminium works at Noguères .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " Minister of Labour , Employment and Vocational Training : 1991–1993 . Aubry was named Minister of Labour , Employment and Vocational Training by Édith Cresson , and carried on in this capacity in the Bérégovoy ministry until March 1993 . According to Jean-Luc Pasquier , she supported the controlled use of asbestos whilst all other members of the EEC supported an outright ban . She caused the French veto of a European decree against the use of asbestos . France did not ban asbestos until 1997 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In January 2010 , a public health judge charged with investigating former government measures on asbestos had Aubry interrogated by gendarmes in Lille .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " When the Right came into power at the French legislative election in 1986 , Aubry started the Fondation Agir Contre lExclusion ( FACE , the Act Against Exclusion Foundation ) . In 1995 , Pierre Mauroy named her as the first deputy to the Mayor of Lille , thus giving her a foothold in the department of Nord .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Lionel Jospin , who became the socialist candidate as French President in 1995 , made her his campaign spokesman during the presidential campaign . Upon his defeat , Jospin became first secretary of the Socialist Party , and offered her the number two spot , which Aubry refused .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Aubry had good relations with part of the establishment , especially with her former Pechiney boss , Jean Gandois , and the Parti communiste francais . But she did not get on well with the unions , in particular with Nicole Notat , the former General Secretary of the CFDT",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Aubry has been described as hard and demanding . She counters , Je dis les choses en face , je ne suis pas faux-cul . Mais je crois être bien moins dure que beaucoup de gens en politique . Je suis même peut-être trop sensible . ( Im up-front , and Im not a hypocrite . But I think Im much less hard than many politicians . I may even be too sensitive. )",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Minister of Employment and Solidarity : 1997–2000 . Elected as a member of the National Assembly , Aubry was appointed in 1997 as Minister of Employment and Solidarity , the most important minister after the Prime Minister . The same year , to fight unemployment , she created a new employment contract for young people ( Emplois-jeunes ) with financial help from the government . In 1998 , a law establishing the 35-hour workweek was adopted .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , the Couverture maladie universelle ( CMU ) , a program that reimburses medical expenses through social security for everyone , was voted through . Furthermore , for people on low incomes , the CMU offers complementary health coverage of 100% , which is added to standard Social Security payments ; this avoids the necessity for additional private ( top-up ) insurance .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " 2012 Presidential candidacy . On June 28 , 2011 , Aubry said in a televised address from the former train station of Lille-Saint-Sauveur : I have decided to propose my candidacy to the presidential election . Following the first round of the citizens primary , she faced François Hollande in the second round of voting on October 16 in a two-way runoff . In the final round of voting , Hollande won the nomination with 56.6% of the vote .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "After Aubrys defeat in the primaries , she became one of the main supporters of the Francois Hollande presidential campaign . Aubrys name had been mentioned as a potential prime minister for François Hollande . But , after Hollande was elected President , he chose Jean-Marc Ayrault as Prime Minister ; Aubry refused to join his cabinet .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " From 2014 : statements of divergence . On several occasions , Aubry expressed criticism of the Manuel Valls government , including the fact that he was chosen . In October 2014 , she asked for a reorientation of the economic policy .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During a press conference held September 23 , 2015 , where Aubry confirmed the choice of Pierre de Saintignon as the head of list for the next coming Regional Elections , she said that the bad polls of the list are partly caused by some choices of the government . She was criticising Emmanuel Macron , Minister of Economy since 2014 . Macron ? How to tell it.. . The cup is full , she said .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " - Governmental functions - Minister of Labor , Employment and Training 1991–1993 - Minister of Employment and Solidarity 1997–2000 ( resignation ) - Electoral mandates - National Assembly of France - Member of the National Assembly of France for Nord ( 5th constituency ) : elected in 1997 , but became minister in June - Municipal Council - Mayor of Lille since 2001 . Reelected in 2014 - Deputy-mayor of Lille : 1995–2001 - Municipal councillor of Lille since 1995 . Reelected in 2001 , 2008 - Urban community Council",
"title": "Political positions held"
},
{
"text": "- President of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole since 2008",
"title": "Political positions held"
},
{
"text": " - Vice-president of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole 1995–2008 . Reelected in 2001 - Member of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole since 1995 . Reelected in 2001 , 2008 - Political function - First Secretary ( leader ) of the Socialist Party ( France ) 2008–2012",
"title": "Political positions held"
},
{
"text": " - 1982 : Pratique de la fonction personnel : le management des ressources humaines ; Martine Aubry , Pierre Balloy , Robert Bosquet , Pierre Cazamian.. . [ etc. ] sous la direction de Dimitri Weiss.. . avec la collaboration de Pierre Morin ; Publication : Paris : Éditions dOrganisation , 1982 ; Description matérielle : 644 p . : ill . ; 25 cm ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 1992 : Le chômage de longue durée : comprendre , agir , évaluer : actes du Colloque Agir contre le chômage de longue durée , les 18 et 19 novembre 1991 à la Maison de la chimie à Paris / [ organisé par le Ministère du travail , Délégation à lemploi et la Mission interministérielle Recherche expérimentation , MIRE ; textes réunis par Patricia Bouillaguet et Christophe Guitton ; préf . par Martine Aubry ; Colloque Agir contre le chômage de longue durée ( 1991 ; Paris ) France . Mission interministérielle recherche-expérimentation ; Publication : Paris : Syros-Alternatives",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": ", 1992 ; Description matérielle : 745 p . : graph . ; 24 cm ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 1994 : Le choix dagir ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : Albin Michel , 1994 ; - 1995 : Carnet de route dun maire de banlieue : entre innovations et tempêtes ; Picard , Paul ( préf . de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Syros , 1995 ; - 1995 : Petit dictionnaire pour lutter contre lextrême droite ; Aubry , Martine ; Duhamel , Olivier ; Publication : Éd . du Seuil , 1995 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 1996 : Pauvretés ; sous la dir . de Claire Brisset , préf . de Martine Aubry ; Publication : Hachette , 1996 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 1997 : Il est grand temps ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : A . Michel , 1997 ; - 1997 : La nouvelle Grande-Bretagne : vers une société de partenaires ; Tony Blair ( préf . de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 1997 ; - 1997 : Martine Aubry : enquête sur une énigme politique ; Burel , Paul ; Tatu , Natacha ; Publication : Calmann-Lévy , 1997 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 1998 : Il est grand temps ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : Librairie générale française , 1998 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2002 : Cest quoi la solidarité ? ; Aubry , Martine ; Publication : A . Michel , 2000 ; - 2000 : Emploi et travail [ Texte imprimé ] : regards croisés ; Olivier Bertrand , Denis Clerc , Yves Clot.. . [ et al. ] ; sous la dir . de Jean Gadrey ( préf . par Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Montréal ( Québec ) : lHarmattan , 2000 ; - 2002 : La Ville à mille temps ; Sous la direction de Jean-Yves Boulin ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 2002 : Notre-Dame de la Treille , du rêve à la réalité ; Frédéric Vienne ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2003 : Limportant , cest la santé ; coordonné par Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2003 ; - 2004 : Démocratie participative : Promesses et ambiguïté ; Michel Falise ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Aube ( 5 février 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Notre Sébasto...pol : Mémoire dun Théâtre 1903-2003 ; Edgar Duvivier ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication Publi-Nord ( 1 mars 2004 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Culture toujours : et plus que jamais ! ; coordonné par Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2004 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2004 : Réduire les fractures nord/sud : Une utopie ? ; sous la direction de Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 20 août 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Muscler sa conscience du bonheur en trente jours ; Martine Aubry ; Publications : Holoconcept ( 1 septembre 2004 ) ; - 2004 : Quel projet pour la gauche ? ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 19 novembre 2004 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 2004 : Une vision pour espérer , une volonté pour transformer ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : La Tour-dAigues : Éd . de lAube , 2004 ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2005 : Un nouvel art de ville : Le projet urbain de Lille ; Pierre Saintignon ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Editions Ville de Lille ( janvier 1 , 2005 ) ; - 2005 : Le Maître au Feuillage brodé : Primitifs flamands . Secrets dateliers Florence Combert , Didier Martens ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : RMN ( 26 mai 2005 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": "- 2005 : Felice Beato en Chine : Photographier la guerre en 1860 ; Annie-Laure Wanaverbecq ( préface de Martine Aubry ) ; Publication : Somogy ( 22 septembre 2005 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - 2006 : Agir contre les discriminations ; Martine Aubry ; Publication : LAube ( 9 mars 2006 ) ; - 2008 : Et si on se retrouvait.. . ; Martine Aubry , Stéphane Paoli , et Jean Viard ; Publication : LAube ( 21 août 2008 ) ;",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - CityMayors.com profile",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nikita_Rukavytsya#P54#0
|
Which team did the player Nikita Rukavytsya belong to between Dec 2007 and May 2008?
|
Nikita Rukavytsya Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally . Personal life . Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship . Club career . Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season . After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign . In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million . Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season . On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team . On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 . Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem . On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season . After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league . International career . While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up . Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 . Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . Honours . Club . - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21 Individual . - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21 External links . - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers
|
[
"Perth Glory"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally .",
"title": "Nikita Rukavytsya"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nikita_Rukavytsya#P54#1
|
Which team did the player Nikita Rukavytsya belong to in Mar 2009?
|
Nikita Rukavytsya Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally . Personal life . Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship . Club career . Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season . After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign . In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million . Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season . On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team . On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 . Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem . On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season . After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league . International career . While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up . Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 . Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . Honours . Club . - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21 Individual . - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21 External links . - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers
|
[
"Dutch club FC Twente"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally .",
"title": "Nikita Rukavytsya"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nikita_Rukavytsya#P54#2
|
Which team did the player Nikita Rukavytsya belong to in Dec 2010?
|
Nikita Rukavytsya Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally . Personal life . Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship . Club career . Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season . After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign . In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million . Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season . On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team . On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 . Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem . On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season . After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league . International career . While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up . Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 . Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . Honours . Club . - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21 Individual . - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21 External links . - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers
|
[
"FC Twente"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally .",
"title": "Nikita Rukavytsya"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nikita_Rukavytsya#P54#3
|
Which team did the player Nikita Rukavytsya belong to between Nov 2012 and Dec 2012?
|
Nikita Rukavytsya Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally . Personal life . Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship . Club career . Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season . After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign . In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million . Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season . On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team . On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 . Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem . On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season . After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league . International career . While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up . Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 . Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . Honours . Club . - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21 Individual . - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21 External links . - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers
|
[
"Frankfurt"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally .",
"title": "Nikita Rukavytsya"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nikita_Rukavytsya#P54#4
|
Which team did the player Nikita Rukavytsya belong to in Nov 2013?
|
Nikita Rukavytsya Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally . Personal life . Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship . Club career . Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season . After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign . In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million . Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season . On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team . On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 . Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem . On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season . After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league . International career . While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up . Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 . Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . Honours . Club . - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21 Individual . - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21 External links . - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers
|
[
"Western Sydney Wanderers"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally .",
"title": "Nikita Rukavytsya"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nikita_Rukavytsya#P54#5
|
Which team did the player Nikita Rukavytsya belong to in May 2015?
|
Nikita Rukavytsya Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally . Personal life . Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship . Club career . Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season . After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign . In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million . Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season . On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team . On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 . Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem . On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season . After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league . International career . While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up . Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 . Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . Honours . Club . - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21 Individual . - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21 External links . - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers
|
[
"Beitar Jerusalem"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally .",
"title": "Nikita Rukavytsya"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Nikita_Rukavytsya#P54#6
|
Which team did the player Nikita Rukavytsya belong to in Dec 2016?
|
Nikita Rukavytsya Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally . Personal life . Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship . Club career . Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season . After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign . In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million . Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season . On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team . On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 . Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem . On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season . After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league . International career . While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up . Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 . Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . Honours . Club . - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21 Individual . - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21 External links . - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers
|
[
"Maccabi Haifa"
] |
[
{
"text": " Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya ( ; ; born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian football player who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League . He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe . Born in Ukraine , Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally .",
"title": "Nikita Rukavytsya"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was born in Mykolayiv , in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union ; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old , settling in Perth . He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School , before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship . Rukavytsya is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season , making three appearances for the club . In March 2007 , he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "After an excellent pre-season , the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory . However , with the departure of coach Ron Smith , Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchells first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007 . By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season , Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany . It ultimately proved unsuccessful , and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season . In January 2009 , he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente . After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season , it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored his first goal for FC Twente in the clubs 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure . On 8 January 2010 , KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 14 July 2010 , Rukavytsya signed for 2 . Bundesliga side Hertha BSC . His first season in the 2 . Bundesliga was quite successful . He was a regular starter , scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists , the second most in the league . At seasons end , Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 31 August , Nikita signed with Bundesliga club Mainz 05 for a reported fee of €1 million , just hours before the transfer cut-off . His last appearance for Berlin was 72 minutes against Jahn Regensburg in the 2 . Bundesliga on 24 August 2012 .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013 , after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven . On 12 October 2014 , it was announced that Rukavytsya had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers . He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix . His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix . In September 2015 , Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 8 June 2016 , after one season with Beitar Jerusalem , Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season , the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months , including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv . In the 2019–20 season , Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals . In the 2020–21 season , Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " While eligible to play for Ukraine , he decided to play for Australia and in 2008 , represented Australia in the Australian U-23s Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics , locking his commitment to Australia . After a good end to the 2007–08 season , he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Rukavytsya scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United . He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23s , in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21s at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008 .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " Rukavytsya was named in Pim Verbeeks 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa . He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos . Rukavytsya scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012 , Australia won 2–1 . In May 2018 , he was named in Australias preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - FC Twente - Eredivisie : 2009–10 - Hertha BSC - 2 . Bundesliga : 2010–11 - Maccabi Haifa - Israeli Premier League : 2020–21",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " - Awards - Harry Kewell Medal : 2008–09 - PFA A-League Team of the Year : 2008–09 - Performances - Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer : 2019–20 , 2020–21",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Nikita Rukavytsya at Aussie Footballers",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Ivan_Pernar_(politician,_born_1985)#P102#0
|
Which political party did Ivan Pernar (politician, born 1985) belong to in Aug 2009?
|
Ivan Pernar ( politician , born 1985 ) Ivan Pernar ( born 14 October 1985 ) is a Croatian politician , conspiracy theorist , anti-globalist and anti-eviction activist . In June 2011 , he founded the Alliance for Change party , which later became Human Shield . He was a member of Croatian Parliament from the 2016 elections to May 2020 , having been elected in the 6th electoral district on the joint party list of Human Shield , Lets Change Croatia and Youth Action . On 5 June 2019 , he announced that he left the Human Shield party that he founded in 2011 as a reason for his decision , that the president of the party Ivan Vilibor Sinčić and his wife turned into a private property . On 6 June , at a press conference held in the Croatian Parliament , he stated that he had requested the deletion of the Human Shield membership and that he would set up a new party on 7 July 2019 . The party is called Party of Ivan Pernar . He ran for president in the Croatian presidential election that were held in December 2019 , finishing 7th after winning 2.31% of votes . During the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia , Pernar spread and promoted misinformation content . Personal life . Pernar finished 10th Gymnasium in Zagreb and then enrolled at University of Applied Health Sciences in Zagreb , where he earned Bachelor of Nursing degree . Pernar has a son , Mathis Ivan Alexis , with a German woman named Friederike . His grandfathers uncle , also named Ivan Pernar , was a member of the National Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes for the Croatian Peasant Party and was one of several Croatian politicians wounded by Peoples Radical Party MP Puniša Račić on June 20 , 1928 . On 11 August 2019 , Ivan and his long term partner Viktorija welcomed their first son named Noa . The child was born healthy but due to the parents views , the child was not vaccinated . Political career . Green List . Pernar joined the Green List in 2009 . However , he was expelled from the party in November 2010 . In February 2011 , Vlasta Toth , the partys president at the time , told Večernji List that Pernar was expelled due to his political beliefs . She claimed that while Pernar was a council member of the Green Party in Stenjevec , he told an audience of around 150 people during a panel on urbanism that intellectual gossip doesnt lead to anything and that he read Mein Kampf from which he learned how to influence the masses . Pernar responded to the Večernji List piece , admitting his reference to Mein Kampf . 2011 protests against Jadranka Kosor . Pernar was one of the organizers of massive Facebook protests in 2011 aimed against the government under the administration of Jadranka Kosor . The protests started in Zagreb , and then spread to all major Croatian cities such as Pula , Split , Rijeka and Slavonski Brod . Despite initial success in mobilizing and leading as many as a thousand people , he soon came to the verge of being physically attacked by the same protesters in Osijek , for mongering people to burn a flag . After the protests , he founded his own political party Alliance for Changes , which soon changed its name to Human Shield . Along with other members of his party , Pernar soon engaged in passive resistance to forced evictions in Croatia , for which he was , according to his own account often arrested by the police . Election to the Croatian Parliament . In the Croatian parliamentary election , in September 2016 , Pernar won 15.66% of preferential votes of his constituency and thus entered the Croatian Parliament for the first time . After one month of work , he became credited as the most active MP in Croatian Parliament by the Croatian media . On November 29 , 2016 , Stjepan Vujanić , president of political party Alphabet of Democracy , announced that Pernar would become a member of his party . Pernar later explained that he made this move as a revolt because Croatian Ministry of Public Administration refused to register his new political party The Only Option . On October 11 , 2016 , he was criticized by parliament speaker Željko Reiner for eating pizza during a session . On December 14 , 2016 , Pernar accused Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts of being a decorative office , cultural poseurs and quasi-intellectuals for not dealing with issues of relevance for Croatian society . On January 20 , 2017 , Pernar and his party colleague Ivan Vilibor Sinčić became the first MPs to have been forcibly expelled from the parliament since Croatias independence , after Pernar refused to leave the session on order of speaker Željko Reiner . Views . Criticism of the Catholic Church in Croatia . In January 2017 , Pernar declared that he no longer identified as a Roman Catholic , and accused the Catholic Church in Croatia of being the long arm of Croatian Democratic Union . He criticized the Catholic Church for banning marriage of clergy members , worship in front of statues , and the infallibility of the Pope . In an interview with Total Croatia News , Pernar stood against the funding of the Catholic Church from the state budget , indicating that it caused a perverse incentive for the Catholic Church to participate in partisan politics : When he was asked about his alleged impartiality to the Serbian Orthodox Church , Pernar said that the Orthodox Church realized its mistake from the time when it advocated for nationalism , and it is not longer advocating that in Croatia . Referring to the Republika Srpska Krajina as the insurgency , Pernar added that Orthodox priests took part in the insurgency , which ended catastrophically for the Serbian people . Pernar and the Serbian Orthodox Church became a focus of the local press again on January 6 , 2017 , when he attended a Badnjak ceremony after having been invited by a Serbian Orthodox Church . He later wrote on his Facebook page that the Serbian Orthodox Church does not have the goal of bringing the Croatian Democratic Union to the government , and does not interfere with our politics and deals with religious questions . That cannot be said for the Catholic Church . Index.hr reported that Pernars writings received a series of chauvinist Facebook comments and that he was also called a communist by many readers . Former Yugoslavia . In a discussion with Boris Malagurski in December 2016 , when Pernar was asked who he thought was responsible for the breakup of Yugoslavia , Pernar replied , all the peoples equally , but most of all Milošević who wanted to lead a dictatorship , instead of a loose confederation , which actually made a new co-existence of Yugoslavia impossible since he wanted Serbs to govern over all the others . Pernar also gave a mixed assessment about Josip Broz Tito for whom he said , [ Tito ] built factories , defended workers rights , for this I take my hat off . However , he criticized Tito on the grounds of the Bleiburg repatriations , to which he referred when he said , after World War II he liquidated tens of thousands of Croats , for that I would take off his head . When Pernar was asked whether he is for the reunification of Yugoslavia , he replied that for an economic [ Yugoslavia ] yes , but co-existence in the sense of a united state is thoughtless . In an interview with Moja Hercegovina , Pernar elaborated his views on Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time . He stated that Serbs in Republika Srpska , although they have their own entity , do not have anything of it . People are moving out , children are not being born , and all of that is a consequence which leads to the disappearance of Serbs in this region . He argued that Bosnia and Herzegovina should be more united , and spoke against Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina having their own entity , adding that Serbs would not get anything from Republika Srpska gaining independence . In November 2016 , Pernar published a Facebook post exploring the reasoning behind Srebrenica genocide denial , and began with , I noticed that some Serbs are afraid to be labeled as a genocidal people if they admit there was genocide in Srebrenica . In the same piece , he wrote that the Independent State of Croatia ( using the term Croatian government ) was responsible for genocide in Jasenovac , and that Operation Storm was an act of ethnic cleansing . However , he distinguished the Croatian people from the government , asserting that the responsibility was that of a genocidal group of people and those who were manipulated by their politics . His party , Human Shield , subsequently published a statement distancing from Pernars statements about Jasenovac and Operation Storm , saying that ...in the case of assessing events from the Croatian past he didnt only not put forward opinions of the party , moreover , he put forward opinions which are the opposite of the overwhelming majority of the membership of Human Shield . Foreign policy . European Union . In an interview with Croatian news site 4Dportal , Pernar said that his party is against entry into the European Union because it is ruled by unelected banker cartels and bureaucrats , there is no democracy [ in the EU ] . In another interview , he stated that his party would only consider a coalition with other parties if they challenge or terminate Croatias membership of the European Union . NATO . On November 23 , 2016 , Pernar spoke to the Croatian Parliament against the ratification of Montenegros accession to NATO , reading a letter written by Montenegrin activist Marko Milačić . Israel and Palestine . In a guest appearance for Bosnian channel OSM Televizijas talk show called Face of the Nation , Pernar said that Israel was responsible for ethnic cleansing in the 1948 Palestinian exodus . In November 2016 , Pernar wore a Palestinian scarf to the Croatian Parliament . Gulf of Piran Dispute . In his interview to Novi List , Pernar advocated deployment of Croatian Navy vessels to Gulf of Piran , adding that Slovenia has no navy and that by doing so , Croatia would send the message to Slovenia - ours is bigger . Social issues . In September 2016 , Pernar participated in a discussion with LGBT portal Crol.hr about the LGBT community in Croatia . Pernar said that homosexuals are not an endangered group , but stated that they are one of a long series of groups which the clerical right turned their backs on . Pernar gave a mixed assessment of gay activism in Croatia , saying that unfortunately , some gay activists reduce their struggle to a narrow spectrum of society . However , he did say that homosexuals should have protection from the state , saying so that if their parents throw them out of their homes they dont have to prostitute themselves in order to not become homeless , so that they can have normal jobs , pay , and so they dont live in fear of [ law ] enforcement or the cutting off of electricity and water . In December 2016 , Pernar argued for the legalization of marijuana in Croatia . He suggested that it would reduce emigration from Croatia if it were legalized because of the huge economic benefits legalisation brings . Major construction projects in Croatia . Pelješac Bridge . Pernar described the construction of the Pelješac bridge as madness , adding that the project is too expensive , while at the same time putting Croatia into conflict with Bosnia and Herzegovina . He went on to say that this bridge is only being built to provoke Bosnia and predicted that it will surely become a failed investment . Controversies . In October 2016 , Pernar was a guest to TV personality Vesna Kljajić on Z1 Television . Pernar claimed he had met Freemasons while visiting the Czech Republic . He alleged that the Freemasons offered him power and media exposure , under the condition that he does not bring into question the process of making money . He said that he rejected this offer in favor of going his own way , and recommended to all viewers to turn their hearts towards Jesus . In the same interview Pernar said that some MPs in Croatian parliament arent loyal to the state , but to the secret societies instead . In October 2016 , Pernar accused Croatian lawyer and media magnate Marijan Hanžeković of being a Freemason of the 33rd degree who sold his soul to the devil and attacks everyone who opposes him using his disgusting yellow journalism . Hanžeković responded by raising a lawsuit for libel against Pernar and asked the Croatian parliament to relieve Pernar of his immunity . Pernar commented on the lawsuit , saying , Hanžeković is Satans delegate which insults him for the last five years , and stood by his earlier allegations on Hanžeković and Freemasonry . He also said that he puts his parliamentary mandate into the hands of Jesus Christ . The Credentials and Privileges Commission of Croatian Parliament concluded that Pernars immunity should be left unchanged , but warned him not to use foul language and hard words anymore . After Hanžeković passed away on January 28 , 2018. , Pernar dubbed Hanžeković a human form of garbage on his Facebook page and announced that he will celebrate Hanžekovićs death with a pizza . Following day , Facebook temporary blocked Pernars profile . In November 2016 , Pernar was a guest for Croatian talk show Nedjeljom u 2 . After fifteen minutes , he abandoned the studio and accused TV host Aleksandar Stanković of not allowing him to finish his talking points . He later uploaded a video to social media , in which he threatened to fire Stanković should his party come to power . Stanković responded by filing a lawsuit against Pernar , stating that he started to receive threats as a result of the Pernar conflict . The Credentials and Privileges Commission did not challenge Pernars immunity , but instead expressed criticism towards Pernars behavior . After civil lawsuit Stanković won the case in court and Pernar was ordered to pay the compensation of 50,000 kunas . In December 2016 , the Credentials and Privileges Commission decided to relieve Pernar of his parliamentary immunity for spraying a graffiti in Sesvete . In his defense , Pernar referred to a passage from the Bible known as Pericope Adulterae , after which the Speaker of the Parliament Željko Reiner remarked that Pernar compared himself to Jesus . Pernar denied that he compared himself to Jesus , calling himself not worthy even to wash his legs . However , in regards to the accusations of Jesus comparisons , Pernar did say , I have a similar role to his . We are both victims of false political processes . On December 26 , 2016 , Pernar expressed his doubts on the Berlin terrorist attack in a Facebook post . In his post , he shared a video by Gerhard Wisnewski which claimed that there were no proven victims or evidence of the attack . Pernar subsequently claimed that he deliberately published de facto fake news to see if his post would be covered more by Croatian publications Index.hr and Telegram than the affairs surrounding Ivo Sanader and the arbitration of Tomislav Karamarko . On January 9 , 2017 , Pernar wrote a Facebook status claiming that pharmaceutical companies make poisoned vaccines which mark people like livestock . Furthermore , he asked his followers why . such small needles leave such big marks and why vaccined children develop autism . Such claims drew criticism from the local media ranging from calling Pernar a conspiracy theorist , to referring to the MMR vaccine controversy case in order to dismiss his claims . Croatian Childrens Ombudsman Ivana Milas-Klarić and certain pediatricians also expressed outrage for Pernars claims . Milas-Klarić accused Pernar that by publishing such status , he violated the Article 24 of UNs Convention on the Rights of the Child which guarantees children the highest attainable standard of health and described his actions as sad . Later that month , three different schools from Zagreb reported Pernar to the police due to unauthorized entry , ignoring warnings of their employees , and taking selfies with minors without parental permission . In his text messages to one of the students , Pernar asked a student to skip class to meet him . Croatian Childrens Ombudsman Ivana Milas-Klarić , called the text messages concerning , and criticized Pernar for using the students for political and self-promotion . Later , Pernar criticized her behaviour during Parliament debate , voted for her removal from office and new Childrens Ombudsman became Helena Pirnat Dragičević . In March 2017 , Pernar interviewed English conspiracy theorist David Icke . Later he shared a Facebook photo with Icke and the two men briefly walked together near Croatian Parliament . In his Facebook post , David Icke described Pernar as : a politician worth listening , while he described Pernars political party as party inspired by his work . In turn , in his interview in 2011 , Pernar described Icke as a man : who speaks many truths but also has to insert in some fiction , otherwise his messages would be too dangerous for political and financial elites . Serbian film director Boris Malagurski also supported Pernar by making a video of Pernars anti-NATO speech in Croatian Parliament . During the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia , Pernar expressed opposition to the measures introduced as a measure to deal with the pandemic , suggesting among other things that the economic toll of the measures imposed by the government is too great of a price to pay for the only benefit of prolonging the lives of some old people who only had a few more years to live in any case .
|
[
"Green List"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ivan Pernar ( born 14 October 1985 ) is a Croatian politician , conspiracy theorist , anti-globalist and anti-eviction activist . In June 2011 , he founded the Alliance for Change party , which later became Human Shield . He was a member of Croatian Parliament from the 2016 elections to May 2020 , having been elected in the 6th electoral district on the joint party list of Human Shield , Lets Change Croatia and Youth Action .",
"title": "Ivan Pernar ( politician , born 1985 )"
},
{
"text": "On 5 June 2019 , he announced that he left the Human Shield party that he founded in 2011 as a reason for his decision , that the president of the party Ivan Vilibor Sinčić and his wife turned into a private property . On 6 June , at a press conference held in the Croatian Parliament , he stated that he had requested the deletion of the Human Shield membership and that he would set up a new party on 7 July 2019 . The party is called Party of Ivan Pernar . He ran for president in the",
"title": "Ivan Pernar ( politician , born 1985 )"
},
{
"text": "Croatian presidential election that were held in December 2019 , finishing 7th after winning 2.31% of votes . During the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia , Pernar spread and promoted misinformation content .",
"title": "Ivan Pernar ( politician , born 1985 )"
},
{
"text": " Pernar finished 10th Gymnasium in Zagreb and then enrolled at University of Applied Health Sciences in Zagreb , where he earned Bachelor of Nursing degree . Pernar has a son , Mathis Ivan Alexis , with a German woman named Friederike . His grandfathers uncle , also named Ivan Pernar , was a member of the National Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes for the Croatian Peasant Party and was one of several Croatian politicians wounded by Peoples Radical Party MP Puniša Račić on June 20 , 1928 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "On 11 August 2019 , Ivan and his long term partner Viktorija welcomed their first son named Noa . The child was born healthy but due to the parents views , the child was not vaccinated .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Pernar joined the Green List in 2009 . However , he was expelled from the party in November 2010 . In February 2011 , Vlasta Toth , the partys president at the time , told Večernji List that Pernar was expelled due to his political beliefs . She claimed that while Pernar was a council member of the Green Party in Stenjevec , he told an audience of around 150 people during a panel on urbanism that intellectual gossip doesnt lead to anything and that he read Mein Kampf from which he learned how to influence the masses . Pernar",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "responded to the Večernji List piece , admitting his reference to Mein Kampf .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": " 2011 protests against Jadranka Kosor . Pernar was one of the organizers of massive Facebook protests in 2011 aimed against the government under the administration of Jadranka Kosor . The protests started in Zagreb , and then spread to all major Croatian cities such as Pula , Split , Rijeka and Slavonski Brod . Despite initial success in mobilizing and leading as many as a thousand people , he soon came to the verge of being physically attacked by the same protesters in Osijek , for mongering people to burn a flag .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "After the protests , he founded his own political party Alliance for Changes , which soon changed its name to Human Shield . Along with other members of his party , Pernar soon engaged in passive resistance to forced evictions in Croatia , for which he was , according to his own account often arrested by the police .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "In the Croatian parliamentary election , in September 2016 , Pernar won 15.66% of preferential votes of his constituency and thus entered the Croatian Parliament for the first time . After one month of work , he became credited as the most active MP in Croatian Parliament by the Croatian media . On November 29 , 2016 , Stjepan Vujanić , president of political party Alphabet of Democracy , announced that Pernar would become a member of his party . Pernar later explained that he made this move as a revolt because Croatian Ministry of Public Administration refused to register",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "his new political party The Only Option . On October 11 , 2016 , he was criticized by parliament speaker Željko Reiner for eating pizza during a session . On December 14 , 2016 , Pernar accused Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts of being a decorative office , cultural poseurs and quasi-intellectuals for not dealing with issues of relevance for Croatian society .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": " On January 20 , 2017 , Pernar and his party colleague Ivan Vilibor Sinčić became the first MPs to have been forcibly expelled from the parliament since Croatias independence , after Pernar refused to leave the session on order of speaker Željko Reiner .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "In January 2017 , Pernar declared that he no longer identified as a Roman Catholic , and accused the Catholic Church in Croatia of being the long arm of Croatian Democratic Union . He criticized the Catholic Church for banning marriage of clergy members , worship in front of statues , and the infallibility of the Pope . In an interview with Total Croatia News , Pernar stood against the funding of the Catholic Church from the state budget , indicating that it caused a perverse incentive for the Catholic Church to participate in partisan politics :",
"title": "Views"
},
{
"text": " When he was asked about his alleged impartiality to the Serbian Orthodox Church , Pernar said that the Orthodox Church realized its mistake from the time when it advocated for nationalism , and it is not longer advocating that in Croatia . Referring to the Republika Srpska Krajina as the insurgency , Pernar added that Orthodox priests took part in the insurgency , which ended catastrophically for the Serbian people .",
"title": "Views"
},
{
"text": "Pernar and the Serbian Orthodox Church became a focus of the local press again on January 6 , 2017 , when he attended a Badnjak ceremony after having been invited by a Serbian Orthodox Church . He later wrote on his Facebook page that the Serbian Orthodox Church does not have the goal of bringing the Croatian Democratic Union to the government , and does not interfere with our politics and deals with religious questions . That cannot be said for the Catholic Church . Index.hr reported that Pernars writings received a series of chauvinist Facebook comments and that he",
"title": "Views"
},
{
"text": "was also called a communist by many readers .",
"title": "Views"
},
{
"text": "In a discussion with Boris Malagurski in December 2016 , when Pernar was asked who he thought was responsible for the breakup of Yugoslavia , Pernar replied , all the peoples equally , but most of all Milošević who wanted to lead a dictatorship , instead of a loose confederation , which actually made a new co-existence of Yugoslavia impossible since he wanted Serbs to govern over all the others . Pernar also gave a mixed assessment about Josip Broz Tito for whom he said , [ Tito ] built factories , defended workers rights , for this I take",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "my hat off . However , he criticized Tito on the grounds of the Bleiburg repatriations , to which he referred when he said , after World War II he liquidated tens of thousands of Croats , for that I would take off his head . When Pernar was asked whether he is for the reunification of Yugoslavia , he replied that for an economic [ Yugoslavia ] yes , but co-existence in the sense of a united state is thoughtless .",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "In an interview with Moja Hercegovina , Pernar elaborated his views on Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time . He stated that Serbs in Republika Srpska , although they have their own entity , do not have anything of it . People are moving out , children are not being born , and all of that is a consequence which leads to the disappearance of Serbs in this region . He argued that Bosnia and Herzegovina should be more united , and spoke against Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina having their own entity , adding that Serbs would not get",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "anything from Republika Srpska gaining independence .",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "In November 2016 , Pernar published a Facebook post exploring the reasoning behind Srebrenica genocide denial , and began with , I noticed that some Serbs are afraid to be labeled as a genocidal people if they admit there was genocide in Srebrenica . In the same piece , he wrote that the Independent State of Croatia ( using the term Croatian government ) was responsible for genocide in Jasenovac , and that Operation Storm was an act of ethnic cleansing . However , he distinguished the Croatian people from the government , asserting that the responsibility was that of",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "a genocidal group of people and those who were manipulated by their politics . His party , Human Shield , subsequently published a statement distancing from Pernars statements about Jasenovac and Operation Storm , saying that ...in the case of assessing events from the Croatian past he didnt only not put forward opinions of the party , moreover , he put forward opinions which are the opposite of the overwhelming majority of the membership of Human Shield .",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": " In an interview with Croatian news site 4Dportal , Pernar said that his party is against entry into the European Union because it is ruled by unelected banker cartels and bureaucrats , there is no democracy [ in the EU ] . In another interview , he stated that his party would only consider a coalition with other parties if they challenge or terminate Croatias membership of the European Union .",
"title": "European Union"
},
{
"text": " On November 23 , 2016 , Pernar spoke to the Croatian Parliament against the ratification of Montenegros accession to NATO , reading a letter written by Montenegrin activist Marko Milačić .",
"title": "NATO"
},
{
"text": " In a guest appearance for Bosnian channel OSM Televizijas talk show called Face of the Nation , Pernar said that Israel was responsible for ethnic cleansing in the 1948 Palestinian exodus . In November 2016 , Pernar wore a Palestinian scarf to the Croatian Parliament . Gulf of Piran Dispute . In his interview to Novi List , Pernar advocated deployment of Croatian Navy vessels to Gulf of Piran , adding that Slovenia has no navy and that by doing so , Croatia would send the message to Slovenia - ours is bigger .",
"title": "Israel and Palestine"
},
{
"text": "In September 2016 , Pernar participated in a discussion with LGBT portal Crol.hr about the LGBT community in Croatia . Pernar said that homosexuals are not an endangered group , but stated that they are one of a long series of groups which the clerical right turned their backs on . Pernar gave a mixed assessment of gay activism in Croatia , saying that unfortunately , some gay activists reduce their struggle to a narrow spectrum of society . However , he did say that homosexuals should have protection from the state , saying so that if their parents throw",
"title": "Social issues"
},
{
"text": "them out of their homes they dont have to prostitute themselves in order to not become homeless , so that they can have normal jobs , pay , and so they dont live in fear of [ law ] enforcement or the cutting off of electricity and water .",
"title": "Social issues"
},
{
"text": " In December 2016 , Pernar argued for the legalization of marijuana in Croatia . He suggested that it would reduce emigration from Croatia if it were legalized because of the huge economic benefits legalisation brings . Major construction projects in Croatia .",
"title": "Social issues"
},
{
"text": " Pernar described the construction of the Pelješac bridge as madness , adding that the project is too expensive , while at the same time putting Croatia into conflict with Bosnia and Herzegovina . He went on to say that this bridge is only being built to provoke Bosnia and predicted that it will surely become a failed investment .",
"title": "Pelješac Bridge"
},
{
"text": "In October 2016 , Pernar was a guest to TV personality Vesna Kljajić on Z1 Television . Pernar claimed he had met Freemasons while visiting the Czech Republic . He alleged that the Freemasons offered him power and media exposure , under the condition that he does not bring into question the process of making money . He said that he rejected this offer in favor of going his own way , and recommended to all viewers to turn their hearts towards Jesus . In the same interview Pernar said that some MPs in Croatian parliament arent loyal to the",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "state , but to the secret societies instead .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "In October 2016 , Pernar accused Croatian lawyer and media magnate Marijan Hanžeković of being a Freemason of the 33rd degree who sold his soul to the devil and attacks everyone who opposes him using his disgusting yellow journalism . Hanžeković responded by raising a lawsuit for libel against Pernar and asked the Croatian parliament to relieve Pernar of his immunity . Pernar commented on the lawsuit , saying , Hanžeković is Satans delegate which insults him for the last five years , and stood by his earlier allegations on Hanžeković and Freemasonry . He also said that he puts",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "his parliamentary mandate into the hands of Jesus Christ . The Credentials and Privileges Commission of Croatian Parliament concluded that Pernars immunity should be left unchanged , but warned him not to use foul language and hard words anymore . After Hanžeković passed away on January 28 , 2018. , Pernar dubbed Hanžeković a human form of garbage on his Facebook page and announced that he will celebrate Hanžekovićs death with a pizza . Following day , Facebook temporary blocked Pernars profile .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "In November 2016 , Pernar was a guest for Croatian talk show Nedjeljom u 2 . After fifteen minutes , he abandoned the studio and accused TV host Aleksandar Stanković of not allowing him to finish his talking points . He later uploaded a video to social media , in which he threatened to fire Stanković should his party come to power . Stanković responded by filing a lawsuit against Pernar , stating that he started to receive threats as a result of the Pernar conflict . The Credentials and Privileges Commission did not challenge Pernars immunity , but instead",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "expressed criticism towards Pernars behavior . After civil lawsuit Stanković won the case in court and Pernar was ordered to pay the compensation of 50,000 kunas .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "In December 2016 , the Credentials and Privileges Commission decided to relieve Pernar of his parliamentary immunity for spraying a graffiti in Sesvete . In his defense , Pernar referred to a passage from the Bible known as Pericope Adulterae , after which the Speaker of the Parliament Željko Reiner remarked that Pernar compared himself to Jesus . Pernar denied that he compared himself to Jesus , calling himself not worthy even to wash his legs . However , in regards to the accusations of Jesus comparisons , Pernar did say , I have a similar role to his .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "We are both victims of false political processes .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " On December 26 , 2016 , Pernar expressed his doubts on the Berlin terrorist attack in a Facebook post . In his post , he shared a video by Gerhard Wisnewski which claimed that there were no proven victims or evidence of the attack . Pernar subsequently claimed that he deliberately published de facto fake news to see if his post would be covered more by Croatian publications Index.hr and Telegram than the affairs surrounding Ivo Sanader and the arbitration of Tomislav Karamarko .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "On January 9 , 2017 , Pernar wrote a Facebook status claiming that pharmaceutical companies make poisoned vaccines which mark people like livestock . Furthermore , he asked his followers why . such small needles leave such big marks and why vaccined children develop autism .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " Such claims drew criticism from the local media ranging from calling Pernar a conspiracy theorist , to referring to the MMR vaccine controversy case in order to dismiss his claims . Croatian Childrens Ombudsman Ivana Milas-Klarić and certain pediatricians also expressed outrage for Pernars claims . Milas-Klarić accused Pernar that by publishing such status , he violated the Article 24 of UNs Convention on the Rights of the Child which guarantees children the highest attainable standard of health and described his actions as sad .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "Later that month , three different schools from Zagreb reported Pernar to the police due to unauthorized entry , ignoring warnings of their employees , and taking selfies with minors without parental permission . In his text messages to one of the students , Pernar asked a student to skip class to meet him . Croatian Childrens Ombudsman Ivana Milas-Klarić , called the text messages concerning , and criticized Pernar for using the students for political and self-promotion .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " Later , Pernar criticized her behaviour during Parliament debate , voted for her removal from office and new Childrens Ombudsman became Helena Pirnat Dragičević .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "In March 2017 , Pernar interviewed English conspiracy theorist David Icke . Later he shared a Facebook photo with Icke and the two men briefly walked together near Croatian Parliament . In his Facebook post , David Icke described Pernar as : a politician worth listening , while he described Pernars political party as party inspired by his work . In turn , in his interview in 2011 , Pernar described Icke as a man : who speaks many truths but also has to insert in some fiction , otherwise his messages would be too dangerous for political and financial",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "elites . Serbian film director Boris Malagurski also supported Pernar by making a video of Pernars anti-NATO speech in Croatian Parliament .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " During the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia , Pernar expressed opposition to the measures introduced as a measure to deal with the pandemic , suggesting among other things that the economic toll of the measures imposed by the government is too great of a price to pay for the only benefit of prolonging the lives of some old people who only had a few more years to live in any case .",
"title": "Controversies"
}
] |
/wiki/Ivan_Pernar_(politician,_born_1985)#P102#1
|
Which political party did Ivan Pernar (politician, born 1985) belong to between May 2018 and Jul 2018?
|
Ivan Pernar ( politician , born 1985 ) Ivan Pernar ( born 14 October 1985 ) is a Croatian politician , conspiracy theorist , anti-globalist and anti-eviction activist . In June 2011 , he founded the Alliance for Change party , which later became Human Shield . He was a member of Croatian Parliament from the 2016 elections to May 2020 , having been elected in the 6th electoral district on the joint party list of Human Shield , Lets Change Croatia and Youth Action . On 5 June 2019 , he announced that he left the Human Shield party that he founded in 2011 as a reason for his decision , that the president of the party Ivan Vilibor Sinčić and his wife turned into a private property . On 6 June , at a press conference held in the Croatian Parliament , he stated that he had requested the deletion of the Human Shield membership and that he would set up a new party on 7 July 2019 . The party is called Party of Ivan Pernar . He ran for president in the Croatian presidential election that were held in December 2019 , finishing 7th after winning 2.31% of votes . During the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia , Pernar spread and promoted misinformation content . Personal life . Pernar finished 10th Gymnasium in Zagreb and then enrolled at University of Applied Health Sciences in Zagreb , where he earned Bachelor of Nursing degree . Pernar has a son , Mathis Ivan Alexis , with a German woman named Friederike . His grandfathers uncle , also named Ivan Pernar , was a member of the National Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes for the Croatian Peasant Party and was one of several Croatian politicians wounded by Peoples Radical Party MP Puniša Račić on June 20 , 1928 . On 11 August 2019 , Ivan and his long term partner Viktorija welcomed their first son named Noa . The child was born healthy but due to the parents views , the child was not vaccinated . Political career . Green List . Pernar joined the Green List in 2009 . However , he was expelled from the party in November 2010 . In February 2011 , Vlasta Toth , the partys president at the time , told Večernji List that Pernar was expelled due to his political beliefs . She claimed that while Pernar was a council member of the Green Party in Stenjevec , he told an audience of around 150 people during a panel on urbanism that intellectual gossip doesnt lead to anything and that he read Mein Kampf from which he learned how to influence the masses . Pernar responded to the Večernji List piece , admitting his reference to Mein Kampf . 2011 protests against Jadranka Kosor . Pernar was one of the organizers of massive Facebook protests in 2011 aimed against the government under the administration of Jadranka Kosor . The protests started in Zagreb , and then spread to all major Croatian cities such as Pula , Split , Rijeka and Slavonski Brod . Despite initial success in mobilizing and leading as many as a thousand people , he soon came to the verge of being physically attacked by the same protesters in Osijek , for mongering people to burn a flag . After the protests , he founded his own political party Alliance for Changes , which soon changed its name to Human Shield . Along with other members of his party , Pernar soon engaged in passive resistance to forced evictions in Croatia , for which he was , according to his own account often arrested by the police . Election to the Croatian Parliament . In the Croatian parliamentary election , in September 2016 , Pernar won 15.66% of preferential votes of his constituency and thus entered the Croatian Parliament for the first time . After one month of work , he became credited as the most active MP in Croatian Parliament by the Croatian media . On November 29 , 2016 , Stjepan Vujanić , president of political party Alphabet of Democracy , announced that Pernar would become a member of his party . Pernar later explained that he made this move as a revolt because Croatian Ministry of Public Administration refused to register his new political party The Only Option . On October 11 , 2016 , he was criticized by parliament speaker Željko Reiner for eating pizza during a session . On December 14 , 2016 , Pernar accused Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts of being a decorative office , cultural poseurs and quasi-intellectuals for not dealing with issues of relevance for Croatian society . On January 20 , 2017 , Pernar and his party colleague Ivan Vilibor Sinčić became the first MPs to have been forcibly expelled from the parliament since Croatias independence , after Pernar refused to leave the session on order of speaker Željko Reiner . Views . Criticism of the Catholic Church in Croatia . In January 2017 , Pernar declared that he no longer identified as a Roman Catholic , and accused the Catholic Church in Croatia of being the long arm of Croatian Democratic Union . He criticized the Catholic Church for banning marriage of clergy members , worship in front of statues , and the infallibility of the Pope . In an interview with Total Croatia News , Pernar stood against the funding of the Catholic Church from the state budget , indicating that it caused a perverse incentive for the Catholic Church to participate in partisan politics : When he was asked about his alleged impartiality to the Serbian Orthodox Church , Pernar said that the Orthodox Church realized its mistake from the time when it advocated for nationalism , and it is not longer advocating that in Croatia . Referring to the Republika Srpska Krajina as the insurgency , Pernar added that Orthodox priests took part in the insurgency , which ended catastrophically for the Serbian people . Pernar and the Serbian Orthodox Church became a focus of the local press again on January 6 , 2017 , when he attended a Badnjak ceremony after having been invited by a Serbian Orthodox Church . He later wrote on his Facebook page that the Serbian Orthodox Church does not have the goal of bringing the Croatian Democratic Union to the government , and does not interfere with our politics and deals with religious questions . That cannot be said for the Catholic Church . Index.hr reported that Pernars writings received a series of chauvinist Facebook comments and that he was also called a communist by many readers . Former Yugoslavia . In a discussion with Boris Malagurski in December 2016 , when Pernar was asked who he thought was responsible for the breakup of Yugoslavia , Pernar replied , all the peoples equally , but most of all Milošević who wanted to lead a dictatorship , instead of a loose confederation , which actually made a new co-existence of Yugoslavia impossible since he wanted Serbs to govern over all the others . Pernar also gave a mixed assessment about Josip Broz Tito for whom he said , [ Tito ] built factories , defended workers rights , for this I take my hat off . However , he criticized Tito on the grounds of the Bleiburg repatriations , to which he referred when he said , after World War II he liquidated tens of thousands of Croats , for that I would take off his head . When Pernar was asked whether he is for the reunification of Yugoslavia , he replied that for an economic [ Yugoslavia ] yes , but co-existence in the sense of a united state is thoughtless . In an interview with Moja Hercegovina , Pernar elaborated his views on Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time . He stated that Serbs in Republika Srpska , although they have their own entity , do not have anything of it . People are moving out , children are not being born , and all of that is a consequence which leads to the disappearance of Serbs in this region . He argued that Bosnia and Herzegovina should be more united , and spoke against Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina having their own entity , adding that Serbs would not get anything from Republika Srpska gaining independence . In November 2016 , Pernar published a Facebook post exploring the reasoning behind Srebrenica genocide denial , and began with , I noticed that some Serbs are afraid to be labeled as a genocidal people if they admit there was genocide in Srebrenica . In the same piece , he wrote that the Independent State of Croatia ( using the term Croatian government ) was responsible for genocide in Jasenovac , and that Operation Storm was an act of ethnic cleansing . However , he distinguished the Croatian people from the government , asserting that the responsibility was that of a genocidal group of people and those who were manipulated by their politics . His party , Human Shield , subsequently published a statement distancing from Pernars statements about Jasenovac and Operation Storm , saying that ...in the case of assessing events from the Croatian past he didnt only not put forward opinions of the party , moreover , he put forward opinions which are the opposite of the overwhelming majority of the membership of Human Shield . Foreign policy . European Union . In an interview with Croatian news site 4Dportal , Pernar said that his party is against entry into the European Union because it is ruled by unelected banker cartels and bureaucrats , there is no democracy [ in the EU ] . In another interview , he stated that his party would only consider a coalition with other parties if they challenge or terminate Croatias membership of the European Union . NATO . On November 23 , 2016 , Pernar spoke to the Croatian Parliament against the ratification of Montenegros accession to NATO , reading a letter written by Montenegrin activist Marko Milačić . Israel and Palestine . In a guest appearance for Bosnian channel OSM Televizijas talk show called Face of the Nation , Pernar said that Israel was responsible for ethnic cleansing in the 1948 Palestinian exodus . In November 2016 , Pernar wore a Palestinian scarf to the Croatian Parliament . Gulf of Piran Dispute . In his interview to Novi List , Pernar advocated deployment of Croatian Navy vessels to Gulf of Piran , adding that Slovenia has no navy and that by doing so , Croatia would send the message to Slovenia - ours is bigger . Social issues . In September 2016 , Pernar participated in a discussion with LGBT portal Crol.hr about the LGBT community in Croatia . Pernar said that homosexuals are not an endangered group , but stated that they are one of a long series of groups which the clerical right turned their backs on . Pernar gave a mixed assessment of gay activism in Croatia , saying that unfortunately , some gay activists reduce their struggle to a narrow spectrum of society . However , he did say that homosexuals should have protection from the state , saying so that if their parents throw them out of their homes they dont have to prostitute themselves in order to not become homeless , so that they can have normal jobs , pay , and so they dont live in fear of [ law ] enforcement or the cutting off of electricity and water . In December 2016 , Pernar argued for the legalization of marijuana in Croatia . He suggested that it would reduce emigration from Croatia if it were legalized because of the huge economic benefits legalisation brings . Major construction projects in Croatia . Pelješac Bridge . Pernar described the construction of the Pelješac bridge as madness , adding that the project is too expensive , while at the same time putting Croatia into conflict with Bosnia and Herzegovina . He went on to say that this bridge is only being built to provoke Bosnia and predicted that it will surely become a failed investment . Controversies . In October 2016 , Pernar was a guest to TV personality Vesna Kljajić on Z1 Television . Pernar claimed he had met Freemasons while visiting the Czech Republic . He alleged that the Freemasons offered him power and media exposure , under the condition that he does not bring into question the process of making money . He said that he rejected this offer in favor of going his own way , and recommended to all viewers to turn their hearts towards Jesus . In the same interview Pernar said that some MPs in Croatian parliament arent loyal to the state , but to the secret societies instead . In October 2016 , Pernar accused Croatian lawyer and media magnate Marijan Hanžeković of being a Freemason of the 33rd degree who sold his soul to the devil and attacks everyone who opposes him using his disgusting yellow journalism . Hanžeković responded by raising a lawsuit for libel against Pernar and asked the Croatian parliament to relieve Pernar of his immunity . Pernar commented on the lawsuit , saying , Hanžeković is Satans delegate which insults him for the last five years , and stood by his earlier allegations on Hanžeković and Freemasonry . He also said that he puts his parliamentary mandate into the hands of Jesus Christ . The Credentials and Privileges Commission of Croatian Parliament concluded that Pernars immunity should be left unchanged , but warned him not to use foul language and hard words anymore . After Hanžeković passed away on January 28 , 2018. , Pernar dubbed Hanžeković a human form of garbage on his Facebook page and announced that he will celebrate Hanžekovićs death with a pizza . Following day , Facebook temporary blocked Pernars profile . In November 2016 , Pernar was a guest for Croatian talk show Nedjeljom u 2 . After fifteen minutes , he abandoned the studio and accused TV host Aleksandar Stanković of not allowing him to finish his talking points . He later uploaded a video to social media , in which he threatened to fire Stanković should his party come to power . Stanković responded by filing a lawsuit against Pernar , stating that he started to receive threats as a result of the Pernar conflict . The Credentials and Privileges Commission did not challenge Pernars immunity , but instead expressed criticism towards Pernars behavior . After civil lawsuit Stanković won the case in court and Pernar was ordered to pay the compensation of 50,000 kunas . In December 2016 , the Credentials and Privileges Commission decided to relieve Pernar of his parliamentary immunity for spraying a graffiti in Sesvete . In his defense , Pernar referred to a passage from the Bible known as Pericope Adulterae , after which the Speaker of the Parliament Željko Reiner remarked that Pernar compared himself to Jesus . Pernar denied that he compared himself to Jesus , calling himself not worthy even to wash his legs . However , in regards to the accusations of Jesus comparisons , Pernar did say , I have a similar role to his . We are both victims of false political processes . On December 26 , 2016 , Pernar expressed his doubts on the Berlin terrorist attack in a Facebook post . In his post , he shared a video by Gerhard Wisnewski which claimed that there were no proven victims or evidence of the attack . Pernar subsequently claimed that he deliberately published de facto fake news to see if his post would be covered more by Croatian publications Index.hr and Telegram than the affairs surrounding Ivo Sanader and the arbitration of Tomislav Karamarko . On January 9 , 2017 , Pernar wrote a Facebook status claiming that pharmaceutical companies make poisoned vaccines which mark people like livestock . Furthermore , he asked his followers why . such small needles leave such big marks and why vaccined children develop autism . Such claims drew criticism from the local media ranging from calling Pernar a conspiracy theorist , to referring to the MMR vaccine controversy case in order to dismiss his claims . Croatian Childrens Ombudsman Ivana Milas-Klarić and certain pediatricians also expressed outrage for Pernars claims . Milas-Klarić accused Pernar that by publishing such status , he violated the Article 24 of UNs Convention on the Rights of the Child which guarantees children the highest attainable standard of health and described his actions as sad . Later that month , three different schools from Zagreb reported Pernar to the police due to unauthorized entry , ignoring warnings of their employees , and taking selfies with minors without parental permission . In his text messages to one of the students , Pernar asked a student to skip class to meet him . Croatian Childrens Ombudsman Ivana Milas-Klarić , called the text messages concerning , and criticized Pernar for using the students for political and self-promotion . Later , Pernar criticized her behaviour during Parliament debate , voted for her removal from office and new Childrens Ombudsman became Helena Pirnat Dragičević . In March 2017 , Pernar interviewed English conspiracy theorist David Icke . Later he shared a Facebook photo with Icke and the two men briefly walked together near Croatian Parliament . In his Facebook post , David Icke described Pernar as : a politician worth listening , while he described Pernars political party as party inspired by his work . In turn , in his interview in 2011 , Pernar described Icke as a man : who speaks many truths but also has to insert in some fiction , otherwise his messages would be too dangerous for political and financial elites . Serbian film director Boris Malagurski also supported Pernar by making a video of Pernars anti-NATO speech in Croatian Parliament . During the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia , Pernar expressed opposition to the measures introduced as a measure to deal with the pandemic , suggesting among other things that the economic toll of the measures imposed by the government is too great of a price to pay for the only benefit of prolonging the lives of some old people who only had a few more years to live in any case .
|
[
"Alliance for Change party"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ivan Pernar ( born 14 October 1985 ) is a Croatian politician , conspiracy theorist , anti-globalist and anti-eviction activist . In June 2011 , he founded the Alliance for Change party , which later became Human Shield . He was a member of Croatian Parliament from the 2016 elections to May 2020 , having been elected in the 6th electoral district on the joint party list of Human Shield , Lets Change Croatia and Youth Action .",
"title": "Ivan Pernar ( politician , born 1985 )"
},
{
"text": "On 5 June 2019 , he announced that he left the Human Shield party that he founded in 2011 as a reason for his decision , that the president of the party Ivan Vilibor Sinčić and his wife turned into a private property . On 6 June , at a press conference held in the Croatian Parliament , he stated that he had requested the deletion of the Human Shield membership and that he would set up a new party on 7 July 2019 . The party is called Party of Ivan Pernar . He ran for president in the",
"title": "Ivan Pernar ( politician , born 1985 )"
},
{
"text": "Croatian presidential election that were held in December 2019 , finishing 7th after winning 2.31% of votes . During the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia , Pernar spread and promoted misinformation content .",
"title": "Ivan Pernar ( politician , born 1985 )"
},
{
"text": " Pernar finished 10th Gymnasium in Zagreb and then enrolled at University of Applied Health Sciences in Zagreb , where he earned Bachelor of Nursing degree . Pernar has a son , Mathis Ivan Alexis , with a German woman named Friederike . His grandfathers uncle , also named Ivan Pernar , was a member of the National Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes for the Croatian Peasant Party and was one of several Croatian politicians wounded by Peoples Radical Party MP Puniša Račić on June 20 , 1928 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "On 11 August 2019 , Ivan and his long term partner Viktorija welcomed their first son named Noa . The child was born healthy but due to the parents views , the child was not vaccinated .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Pernar joined the Green List in 2009 . However , he was expelled from the party in November 2010 . In February 2011 , Vlasta Toth , the partys president at the time , told Večernji List that Pernar was expelled due to his political beliefs . She claimed that while Pernar was a council member of the Green Party in Stenjevec , he told an audience of around 150 people during a panel on urbanism that intellectual gossip doesnt lead to anything and that he read Mein Kampf from which he learned how to influence the masses . Pernar",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "responded to the Večernji List piece , admitting his reference to Mein Kampf .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": " 2011 protests against Jadranka Kosor . Pernar was one of the organizers of massive Facebook protests in 2011 aimed against the government under the administration of Jadranka Kosor . The protests started in Zagreb , and then spread to all major Croatian cities such as Pula , Split , Rijeka and Slavonski Brod . Despite initial success in mobilizing and leading as many as a thousand people , he soon came to the verge of being physically attacked by the same protesters in Osijek , for mongering people to burn a flag .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "After the protests , he founded his own political party Alliance for Changes , which soon changed its name to Human Shield . Along with other members of his party , Pernar soon engaged in passive resistance to forced evictions in Croatia , for which he was , according to his own account often arrested by the police .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "In the Croatian parliamentary election , in September 2016 , Pernar won 15.66% of preferential votes of his constituency and thus entered the Croatian Parliament for the first time . After one month of work , he became credited as the most active MP in Croatian Parliament by the Croatian media . On November 29 , 2016 , Stjepan Vujanić , president of political party Alphabet of Democracy , announced that Pernar would become a member of his party . Pernar later explained that he made this move as a revolt because Croatian Ministry of Public Administration refused to register",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "his new political party The Only Option . On October 11 , 2016 , he was criticized by parliament speaker Željko Reiner for eating pizza during a session . On December 14 , 2016 , Pernar accused Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts of being a decorative office , cultural poseurs and quasi-intellectuals for not dealing with issues of relevance for Croatian society .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": " On January 20 , 2017 , Pernar and his party colleague Ivan Vilibor Sinčić became the first MPs to have been forcibly expelled from the parliament since Croatias independence , after Pernar refused to leave the session on order of speaker Željko Reiner .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "In January 2017 , Pernar declared that he no longer identified as a Roman Catholic , and accused the Catholic Church in Croatia of being the long arm of Croatian Democratic Union . He criticized the Catholic Church for banning marriage of clergy members , worship in front of statues , and the infallibility of the Pope . In an interview with Total Croatia News , Pernar stood against the funding of the Catholic Church from the state budget , indicating that it caused a perverse incentive for the Catholic Church to participate in partisan politics :",
"title": "Views"
},
{
"text": " When he was asked about his alleged impartiality to the Serbian Orthodox Church , Pernar said that the Orthodox Church realized its mistake from the time when it advocated for nationalism , and it is not longer advocating that in Croatia . Referring to the Republika Srpska Krajina as the insurgency , Pernar added that Orthodox priests took part in the insurgency , which ended catastrophically for the Serbian people .",
"title": "Views"
},
{
"text": "Pernar and the Serbian Orthodox Church became a focus of the local press again on January 6 , 2017 , when he attended a Badnjak ceremony after having been invited by a Serbian Orthodox Church . He later wrote on his Facebook page that the Serbian Orthodox Church does not have the goal of bringing the Croatian Democratic Union to the government , and does not interfere with our politics and deals with religious questions . That cannot be said for the Catholic Church . Index.hr reported that Pernars writings received a series of chauvinist Facebook comments and that he",
"title": "Views"
},
{
"text": "was also called a communist by many readers .",
"title": "Views"
},
{
"text": "In a discussion with Boris Malagurski in December 2016 , when Pernar was asked who he thought was responsible for the breakup of Yugoslavia , Pernar replied , all the peoples equally , but most of all Milošević who wanted to lead a dictatorship , instead of a loose confederation , which actually made a new co-existence of Yugoslavia impossible since he wanted Serbs to govern over all the others . Pernar also gave a mixed assessment about Josip Broz Tito for whom he said , [ Tito ] built factories , defended workers rights , for this I take",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "my hat off . However , he criticized Tito on the grounds of the Bleiburg repatriations , to which he referred when he said , after World War II he liquidated tens of thousands of Croats , for that I would take off his head . When Pernar was asked whether he is for the reunification of Yugoslavia , he replied that for an economic [ Yugoslavia ] yes , but co-existence in the sense of a united state is thoughtless .",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "In an interview with Moja Hercegovina , Pernar elaborated his views on Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time . He stated that Serbs in Republika Srpska , although they have their own entity , do not have anything of it . People are moving out , children are not being born , and all of that is a consequence which leads to the disappearance of Serbs in this region . He argued that Bosnia and Herzegovina should be more united , and spoke against Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina having their own entity , adding that Serbs would not get",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "anything from Republika Srpska gaining independence .",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "In November 2016 , Pernar published a Facebook post exploring the reasoning behind Srebrenica genocide denial , and began with , I noticed that some Serbs are afraid to be labeled as a genocidal people if they admit there was genocide in Srebrenica . In the same piece , he wrote that the Independent State of Croatia ( using the term Croatian government ) was responsible for genocide in Jasenovac , and that Operation Storm was an act of ethnic cleansing . However , he distinguished the Croatian people from the government , asserting that the responsibility was that of",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "a genocidal group of people and those who were manipulated by their politics . His party , Human Shield , subsequently published a statement distancing from Pernars statements about Jasenovac and Operation Storm , saying that ...in the case of assessing events from the Croatian past he didnt only not put forward opinions of the party , moreover , he put forward opinions which are the opposite of the overwhelming majority of the membership of Human Shield .",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": " In an interview with Croatian news site 4Dportal , Pernar said that his party is against entry into the European Union because it is ruled by unelected banker cartels and bureaucrats , there is no democracy [ in the EU ] . In another interview , he stated that his party would only consider a coalition with other parties if they challenge or terminate Croatias membership of the European Union .",
"title": "European Union"
},
{
"text": " On November 23 , 2016 , Pernar spoke to the Croatian Parliament against the ratification of Montenegros accession to NATO , reading a letter written by Montenegrin activist Marko Milačić .",
"title": "NATO"
},
{
"text": " In a guest appearance for Bosnian channel OSM Televizijas talk show called Face of the Nation , Pernar said that Israel was responsible for ethnic cleansing in the 1948 Palestinian exodus . In November 2016 , Pernar wore a Palestinian scarf to the Croatian Parliament . Gulf of Piran Dispute . In his interview to Novi List , Pernar advocated deployment of Croatian Navy vessels to Gulf of Piran , adding that Slovenia has no navy and that by doing so , Croatia would send the message to Slovenia - ours is bigger .",
"title": "Israel and Palestine"
},
{
"text": "In September 2016 , Pernar participated in a discussion with LGBT portal Crol.hr about the LGBT community in Croatia . Pernar said that homosexuals are not an endangered group , but stated that they are one of a long series of groups which the clerical right turned their backs on . Pernar gave a mixed assessment of gay activism in Croatia , saying that unfortunately , some gay activists reduce their struggle to a narrow spectrum of society . However , he did say that homosexuals should have protection from the state , saying so that if their parents throw",
"title": "Social issues"
},
{
"text": "them out of their homes they dont have to prostitute themselves in order to not become homeless , so that they can have normal jobs , pay , and so they dont live in fear of [ law ] enforcement or the cutting off of electricity and water .",
"title": "Social issues"
},
{
"text": " In December 2016 , Pernar argued for the legalization of marijuana in Croatia . He suggested that it would reduce emigration from Croatia if it were legalized because of the huge economic benefits legalisation brings . Major construction projects in Croatia .",
"title": "Social issues"
},
{
"text": " Pernar described the construction of the Pelješac bridge as madness , adding that the project is too expensive , while at the same time putting Croatia into conflict with Bosnia and Herzegovina . He went on to say that this bridge is only being built to provoke Bosnia and predicted that it will surely become a failed investment .",
"title": "Pelješac Bridge"
},
{
"text": "In October 2016 , Pernar was a guest to TV personality Vesna Kljajić on Z1 Television . Pernar claimed he had met Freemasons while visiting the Czech Republic . He alleged that the Freemasons offered him power and media exposure , under the condition that he does not bring into question the process of making money . He said that he rejected this offer in favor of going his own way , and recommended to all viewers to turn their hearts towards Jesus . In the same interview Pernar said that some MPs in Croatian parliament arent loyal to the",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "state , but to the secret societies instead .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "In October 2016 , Pernar accused Croatian lawyer and media magnate Marijan Hanžeković of being a Freemason of the 33rd degree who sold his soul to the devil and attacks everyone who opposes him using his disgusting yellow journalism . Hanžeković responded by raising a lawsuit for libel against Pernar and asked the Croatian parliament to relieve Pernar of his immunity . Pernar commented on the lawsuit , saying , Hanžeković is Satans delegate which insults him for the last five years , and stood by his earlier allegations on Hanžeković and Freemasonry . He also said that he puts",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "his parliamentary mandate into the hands of Jesus Christ . The Credentials and Privileges Commission of Croatian Parliament concluded that Pernars immunity should be left unchanged , but warned him not to use foul language and hard words anymore . After Hanžeković passed away on January 28 , 2018. , Pernar dubbed Hanžeković a human form of garbage on his Facebook page and announced that he will celebrate Hanžekovićs death with a pizza . Following day , Facebook temporary blocked Pernars profile .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "In November 2016 , Pernar was a guest for Croatian talk show Nedjeljom u 2 . After fifteen minutes , he abandoned the studio and accused TV host Aleksandar Stanković of not allowing him to finish his talking points . He later uploaded a video to social media , in which he threatened to fire Stanković should his party come to power . Stanković responded by filing a lawsuit against Pernar , stating that he started to receive threats as a result of the Pernar conflict . The Credentials and Privileges Commission did not challenge Pernars immunity , but instead",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "expressed criticism towards Pernars behavior . After civil lawsuit Stanković won the case in court and Pernar was ordered to pay the compensation of 50,000 kunas .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "In December 2016 , the Credentials and Privileges Commission decided to relieve Pernar of his parliamentary immunity for spraying a graffiti in Sesvete . In his defense , Pernar referred to a passage from the Bible known as Pericope Adulterae , after which the Speaker of the Parliament Željko Reiner remarked that Pernar compared himself to Jesus . Pernar denied that he compared himself to Jesus , calling himself not worthy even to wash his legs . However , in regards to the accusations of Jesus comparisons , Pernar did say , I have a similar role to his .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "We are both victims of false political processes .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " On December 26 , 2016 , Pernar expressed his doubts on the Berlin terrorist attack in a Facebook post . In his post , he shared a video by Gerhard Wisnewski which claimed that there were no proven victims or evidence of the attack . Pernar subsequently claimed that he deliberately published de facto fake news to see if his post would be covered more by Croatian publications Index.hr and Telegram than the affairs surrounding Ivo Sanader and the arbitration of Tomislav Karamarko .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "On January 9 , 2017 , Pernar wrote a Facebook status claiming that pharmaceutical companies make poisoned vaccines which mark people like livestock . Furthermore , he asked his followers why . such small needles leave such big marks and why vaccined children develop autism .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " Such claims drew criticism from the local media ranging from calling Pernar a conspiracy theorist , to referring to the MMR vaccine controversy case in order to dismiss his claims . Croatian Childrens Ombudsman Ivana Milas-Klarić and certain pediatricians also expressed outrage for Pernars claims . Milas-Klarić accused Pernar that by publishing such status , he violated the Article 24 of UNs Convention on the Rights of the Child which guarantees children the highest attainable standard of health and described his actions as sad .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "Later that month , three different schools from Zagreb reported Pernar to the police due to unauthorized entry , ignoring warnings of their employees , and taking selfies with minors without parental permission . In his text messages to one of the students , Pernar asked a student to skip class to meet him . Croatian Childrens Ombudsman Ivana Milas-Klarić , called the text messages concerning , and criticized Pernar for using the students for political and self-promotion .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " Later , Pernar criticized her behaviour during Parliament debate , voted for her removal from office and new Childrens Ombudsman became Helena Pirnat Dragičević .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "In March 2017 , Pernar interviewed English conspiracy theorist David Icke . Later he shared a Facebook photo with Icke and the two men briefly walked together near Croatian Parliament . In his Facebook post , David Icke described Pernar as : a politician worth listening , while he described Pernars political party as party inspired by his work . In turn , in his interview in 2011 , Pernar described Icke as a man : who speaks many truths but also has to insert in some fiction , otherwise his messages would be too dangerous for political and financial",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "elites . Serbian film director Boris Malagurski also supported Pernar by making a video of Pernars anti-NATO speech in Croatian Parliament .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " During the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia , Pernar expressed opposition to the measures introduced as a measure to deal with the pandemic , suggesting among other things that the economic toll of the measures imposed by the government is too great of a price to pay for the only benefit of prolonging the lives of some old people who only had a few more years to live in any case .",
"title": "Controversies"
}
] |
/wiki/Ivan_Pernar_(politician,_born_1985)#P102#2
|
Which political party did Ivan Pernar (politician, born 1985) belong to between Oct 2019 and Dec 2019?
|
Ivan Pernar ( politician , born 1985 ) Ivan Pernar ( born 14 October 1985 ) is a Croatian politician , conspiracy theorist , anti-globalist and anti-eviction activist . In June 2011 , he founded the Alliance for Change party , which later became Human Shield . He was a member of Croatian Parliament from the 2016 elections to May 2020 , having been elected in the 6th electoral district on the joint party list of Human Shield , Lets Change Croatia and Youth Action . On 5 June 2019 , he announced that he left the Human Shield party that he founded in 2011 as a reason for his decision , that the president of the party Ivan Vilibor Sinčić and his wife turned into a private property . On 6 June , at a press conference held in the Croatian Parliament , he stated that he had requested the deletion of the Human Shield membership and that he would set up a new party on 7 July 2019 . The party is called Party of Ivan Pernar . He ran for president in the Croatian presidential election that were held in December 2019 , finishing 7th after winning 2.31% of votes . During the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia , Pernar spread and promoted misinformation content . Personal life . Pernar finished 10th Gymnasium in Zagreb and then enrolled at University of Applied Health Sciences in Zagreb , where he earned Bachelor of Nursing degree . Pernar has a son , Mathis Ivan Alexis , with a German woman named Friederike . His grandfathers uncle , also named Ivan Pernar , was a member of the National Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes for the Croatian Peasant Party and was one of several Croatian politicians wounded by Peoples Radical Party MP Puniša Račić on June 20 , 1928 . On 11 August 2019 , Ivan and his long term partner Viktorija welcomed their first son named Noa . The child was born healthy but due to the parents views , the child was not vaccinated . Political career . Green List . Pernar joined the Green List in 2009 . However , he was expelled from the party in November 2010 . In February 2011 , Vlasta Toth , the partys president at the time , told Večernji List that Pernar was expelled due to his political beliefs . She claimed that while Pernar was a council member of the Green Party in Stenjevec , he told an audience of around 150 people during a panel on urbanism that intellectual gossip doesnt lead to anything and that he read Mein Kampf from which he learned how to influence the masses . Pernar responded to the Večernji List piece , admitting his reference to Mein Kampf . 2011 protests against Jadranka Kosor . Pernar was one of the organizers of massive Facebook protests in 2011 aimed against the government under the administration of Jadranka Kosor . The protests started in Zagreb , and then spread to all major Croatian cities such as Pula , Split , Rijeka and Slavonski Brod . Despite initial success in mobilizing and leading as many as a thousand people , he soon came to the verge of being physically attacked by the same protesters in Osijek , for mongering people to burn a flag . After the protests , he founded his own political party Alliance for Changes , which soon changed its name to Human Shield . Along with other members of his party , Pernar soon engaged in passive resistance to forced evictions in Croatia , for which he was , according to his own account often arrested by the police . Election to the Croatian Parliament . In the Croatian parliamentary election , in September 2016 , Pernar won 15.66% of preferential votes of his constituency and thus entered the Croatian Parliament for the first time . After one month of work , he became credited as the most active MP in Croatian Parliament by the Croatian media . On November 29 , 2016 , Stjepan Vujanić , president of political party Alphabet of Democracy , announced that Pernar would become a member of his party . Pernar later explained that he made this move as a revolt because Croatian Ministry of Public Administration refused to register his new political party The Only Option . On October 11 , 2016 , he was criticized by parliament speaker Željko Reiner for eating pizza during a session . On December 14 , 2016 , Pernar accused Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts of being a decorative office , cultural poseurs and quasi-intellectuals for not dealing with issues of relevance for Croatian society . On January 20 , 2017 , Pernar and his party colleague Ivan Vilibor Sinčić became the first MPs to have been forcibly expelled from the parliament since Croatias independence , after Pernar refused to leave the session on order of speaker Željko Reiner . Views . Criticism of the Catholic Church in Croatia . In January 2017 , Pernar declared that he no longer identified as a Roman Catholic , and accused the Catholic Church in Croatia of being the long arm of Croatian Democratic Union . He criticized the Catholic Church for banning marriage of clergy members , worship in front of statues , and the infallibility of the Pope . In an interview with Total Croatia News , Pernar stood against the funding of the Catholic Church from the state budget , indicating that it caused a perverse incentive for the Catholic Church to participate in partisan politics : When he was asked about his alleged impartiality to the Serbian Orthodox Church , Pernar said that the Orthodox Church realized its mistake from the time when it advocated for nationalism , and it is not longer advocating that in Croatia . Referring to the Republika Srpska Krajina as the insurgency , Pernar added that Orthodox priests took part in the insurgency , which ended catastrophically for the Serbian people . Pernar and the Serbian Orthodox Church became a focus of the local press again on January 6 , 2017 , when he attended a Badnjak ceremony after having been invited by a Serbian Orthodox Church . He later wrote on his Facebook page that the Serbian Orthodox Church does not have the goal of bringing the Croatian Democratic Union to the government , and does not interfere with our politics and deals with religious questions . That cannot be said for the Catholic Church . Index.hr reported that Pernars writings received a series of chauvinist Facebook comments and that he was also called a communist by many readers . Former Yugoslavia . In a discussion with Boris Malagurski in December 2016 , when Pernar was asked who he thought was responsible for the breakup of Yugoslavia , Pernar replied , all the peoples equally , but most of all Milošević who wanted to lead a dictatorship , instead of a loose confederation , which actually made a new co-existence of Yugoslavia impossible since he wanted Serbs to govern over all the others . Pernar also gave a mixed assessment about Josip Broz Tito for whom he said , [ Tito ] built factories , defended workers rights , for this I take my hat off . However , he criticized Tito on the grounds of the Bleiburg repatriations , to which he referred when he said , after World War II he liquidated tens of thousands of Croats , for that I would take off his head . When Pernar was asked whether he is for the reunification of Yugoslavia , he replied that for an economic [ Yugoslavia ] yes , but co-existence in the sense of a united state is thoughtless . In an interview with Moja Hercegovina , Pernar elaborated his views on Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time . He stated that Serbs in Republika Srpska , although they have their own entity , do not have anything of it . People are moving out , children are not being born , and all of that is a consequence which leads to the disappearance of Serbs in this region . He argued that Bosnia and Herzegovina should be more united , and spoke against Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina having their own entity , adding that Serbs would not get anything from Republika Srpska gaining independence . In November 2016 , Pernar published a Facebook post exploring the reasoning behind Srebrenica genocide denial , and began with , I noticed that some Serbs are afraid to be labeled as a genocidal people if they admit there was genocide in Srebrenica . In the same piece , he wrote that the Independent State of Croatia ( using the term Croatian government ) was responsible for genocide in Jasenovac , and that Operation Storm was an act of ethnic cleansing . However , he distinguished the Croatian people from the government , asserting that the responsibility was that of a genocidal group of people and those who were manipulated by their politics . His party , Human Shield , subsequently published a statement distancing from Pernars statements about Jasenovac and Operation Storm , saying that ...in the case of assessing events from the Croatian past he didnt only not put forward opinions of the party , moreover , he put forward opinions which are the opposite of the overwhelming majority of the membership of Human Shield . Foreign policy . European Union . In an interview with Croatian news site 4Dportal , Pernar said that his party is against entry into the European Union because it is ruled by unelected banker cartels and bureaucrats , there is no democracy [ in the EU ] . In another interview , he stated that his party would only consider a coalition with other parties if they challenge or terminate Croatias membership of the European Union . NATO . On November 23 , 2016 , Pernar spoke to the Croatian Parliament against the ratification of Montenegros accession to NATO , reading a letter written by Montenegrin activist Marko Milačić . Israel and Palestine . In a guest appearance for Bosnian channel OSM Televizijas talk show called Face of the Nation , Pernar said that Israel was responsible for ethnic cleansing in the 1948 Palestinian exodus . In November 2016 , Pernar wore a Palestinian scarf to the Croatian Parliament . Gulf of Piran Dispute . In his interview to Novi List , Pernar advocated deployment of Croatian Navy vessels to Gulf of Piran , adding that Slovenia has no navy and that by doing so , Croatia would send the message to Slovenia - ours is bigger . Social issues . In September 2016 , Pernar participated in a discussion with LGBT portal Crol.hr about the LGBT community in Croatia . Pernar said that homosexuals are not an endangered group , but stated that they are one of a long series of groups which the clerical right turned their backs on . Pernar gave a mixed assessment of gay activism in Croatia , saying that unfortunately , some gay activists reduce their struggle to a narrow spectrum of society . However , he did say that homosexuals should have protection from the state , saying so that if their parents throw them out of their homes they dont have to prostitute themselves in order to not become homeless , so that they can have normal jobs , pay , and so they dont live in fear of [ law ] enforcement or the cutting off of electricity and water . In December 2016 , Pernar argued for the legalization of marijuana in Croatia . He suggested that it would reduce emigration from Croatia if it were legalized because of the huge economic benefits legalisation brings . Major construction projects in Croatia . Pelješac Bridge . Pernar described the construction of the Pelješac bridge as madness , adding that the project is too expensive , while at the same time putting Croatia into conflict with Bosnia and Herzegovina . He went on to say that this bridge is only being built to provoke Bosnia and predicted that it will surely become a failed investment . Controversies . In October 2016 , Pernar was a guest to TV personality Vesna Kljajić on Z1 Television . Pernar claimed he had met Freemasons while visiting the Czech Republic . He alleged that the Freemasons offered him power and media exposure , under the condition that he does not bring into question the process of making money . He said that he rejected this offer in favor of going his own way , and recommended to all viewers to turn their hearts towards Jesus . In the same interview Pernar said that some MPs in Croatian parliament arent loyal to the state , but to the secret societies instead . In October 2016 , Pernar accused Croatian lawyer and media magnate Marijan Hanžeković of being a Freemason of the 33rd degree who sold his soul to the devil and attacks everyone who opposes him using his disgusting yellow journalism . Hanžeković responded by raising a lawsuit for libel against Pernar and asked the Croatian parliament to relieve Pernar of his immunity . Pernar commented on the lawsuit , saying , Hanžeković is Satans delegate which insults him for the last five years , and stood by his earlier allegations on Hanžeković and Freemasonry . He also said that he puts his parliamentary mandate into the hands of Jesus Christ . The Credentials and Privileges Commission of Croatian Parliament concluded that Pernars immunity should be left unchanged , but warned him not to use foul language and hard words anymore . After Hanžeković passed away on January 28 , 2018. , Pernar dubbed Hanžeković a human form of garbage on his Facebook page and announced that he will celebrate Hanžekovićs death with a pizza . Following day , Facebook temporary blocked Pernars profile . In November 2016 , Pernar was a guest for Croatian talk show Nedjeljom u 2 . After fifteen minutes , he abandoned the studio and accused TV host Aleksandar Stanković of not allowing him to finish his talking points . He later uploaded a video to social media , in which he threatened to fire Stanković should his party come to power . Stanković responded by filing a lawsuit against Pernar , stating that he started to receive threats as a result of the Pernar conflict . The Credentials and Privileges Commission did not challenge Pernars immunity , but instead expressed criticism towards Pernars behavior . After civil lawsuit Stanković won the case in court and Pernar was ordered to pay the compensation of 50,000 kunas . In December 2016 , the Credentials and Privileges Commission decided to relieve Pernar of his parliamentary immunity for spraying a graffiti in Sesvete . In his defense , Pernar referred to a passage from the Bible known as Pericope Adulterae , after which the Speaker of the Parliament Željko Reiner remarked that Pernar compared himself to Jesus . Pernar denied that he compared himself to Jesus , calling himself not worthy even to wash his legs . However , in regards to the accusations of Jesus comparisons , Pernar did say , I have a similar role to his . We are both victims of false political processes . On December 26 , 2016 , Pernar expressed his doubts on the Berlin terrorist attack in a Facebook post . In his post , he shared a video by Gerhard Wisnewski which claimed that there were no proven victims or evidence of the attack . Pernar subsequently claimed that he deliberately published de facto fake news to see if his post would be covered more by Croatian publications Index.hr and Telegram than the affairs surrounding Ivo Sanader and the arbitration of Tomislav Karamarko . On January 9 , 2017 , Pernar wrote a Facebook status claiming that pharmaceutical companies make poisoned vaccines which mark people like livestock . Furthermore , he asked his followers why . such small needles leave such big marks and why vaccined children develop autism . Such claims drew criticism from the local media ranging from calling Pernar a conspiracy theorist , to referring to the MMR vaccine controversy case in order to dismiss his claims . Croatian Childrens Ombudsman Ivana Milas-Klarić and certain pediatricians also expressed outrage for Pernars claims . Milas-Klarić accused Pernar that by publishing such status , he violated the Article 24 of UNs Convention on the Rights of the Child which guarantees children the highest attainable standard of health and described his actions as sad . Later that month , three different schools from Zagreb reported Pernar to the police due to unauthorized entry , ignoring warnings of their employees , and taking selfies with minors without parental permission . In his text messages to one of the students , Pernar asked a student to skip class to meet him . Croatian Childrens Ombudsman Ivana Milas-Klarić , called the text messages concerning , and criticized Pernar for using the students for political and self-promotion . Later , Pernar criticized her behaviour during Parliament debate , voted for her removal from office and new Childrens Ombudsman became Helena Pirnat Dragičević . In March 2017 , Pernar interviewed English conspiracy theorist David Icke . Later he shared a Facebook photo with Icke and the two men briefly walked together near Croatian Parliament . In his Facebook post , David Icke described Pernar as : a politician worth listening , while he described Pernars political party as party inspired by his work . In turn , in his interview in 2011 , Pernar described Icke as a man : who speaks many truths but also has to insert in some fiction , otherwise his messages would be too dangerous for political and financial elites . Serbian film director Boris Malagurski also supported Pernar by making a video of Pernars anti-NATO speech in Croatian Parliament . During the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia , Pernar expressed opposition to the measures introduced as a measure to deal with the pandemic , suggesting among other things that the economic toll of the measures imposed by the government is too great of a price to pay for the only benefit of prolonging the lives of some old people who only had a few more years to live in any case .
|
[
"Party of Ivan Pernar"
] |
[
{
"text": " Ivan Pernar ( born 14 October 1985 ) is a Croatian politician , conspiracy theorist , anti-globalist and anti-eviction activist . In June 2011 , he founded the Alliance for Change party , which later became Human Shield . He was a member of Croatian Parliament from the 2016 elections to May 2020 , having been elected in the 6th electoral district on the joint party list of Human Shield , Lets Change Croatia and Youth Action .",
"title": "Ivan Pernar ( politician , born 1985 )"
},
{
"text": "On 5 June 2019 , he announced that he left the Human Shield party that he founded in 2011 as a reason for his decision , that the president of the party Ivan Vilibor Sinčić and his wife turned into a private property . On 6 June , at a press conference held in the Croatian Parliament , he stated that he had requested the deletion of the Human Shield membership and that he would set up a new party on 7 July 2019 . The party is called Party of Ivan Pernar . He ran for president in the",
"title": "Ivan Pernar ( politician , born 1985 )"
},
{
"text": "Croatian presidential election that were held in December 2019 , finishing 7th after winning 2.31% of votes . During the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia , Pernar spread and promoted misinformation content .",
"title": "Ivan Pernar ( politician , born 1985 )"
},
{
"text": " Pernar finished 10th Gymnasium in Zagreb and then enrolled at University of Applied Health Sciences in Zagreb , where he earned Bachelor of Nursing degree . Pernar has a son , Mathis Ivan Alexis , with a German woman named Friederike . His grandfathers uncle , also named Ivan Pernar , was a member of the National Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes for the Croatian Peasant Party and was one of several Croatian politicians wounded by Peoples Radical Party MP Puniša Račić on June 20 , 1928 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "On 11 August 2019 , Ivan and his long term partner Viktorija welcomed their first son named Noa . The child was born healthy but due to the parents views , the child was not vaccinated .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Pernar joined the Green List in 2009 . However , he was expelled from the party in November 2010 . In February 2011 , Vlasta Toth , the partys president at the time , told Večernji List that Pernar was expelled due to his political beliefs . She claimed that while Pernar was a council member of the Green Party in Stenjevec , he told an audience of around 150 people during a panel on urbanism that intellectual gossip doesnt lead to anything and that he read Mein Kampf from which he learned how to influence the masses . Pernar",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "responded to the Večernji List piece , admitting his reference to Mein Kampf .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": " 2011 protests against Jadranka Kosor . Pernar was one of the organizers of massive Facebook protests in 2011 aimed against the government under the administration of Jadranka Kosor . The protests started in Zagreb , and then spread to all major Croatian cities such as Pula , Split , Rijeka and Slavonski Brod . Despite initial success in mobilizing and leading as many as a thousand people , he soon came to the verge of being physically attacked by the same protesters in Osijek , for mongering people to burn a flag .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "After the protests , he founded his own political party Alliance for Changes , which soon changed its name to Human Shield . Along with other members of his party , Pernar soon engaged in passive resistance to forced evictions in Croatia , for which he was , according to his own account often arrested by the police .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "In the Croatian parliamentary election , in September 2016 , Pernar won 15.66% of preferential votes of his constituency and thus entered the Croatian Parliament for the first time . After one month of work , he became credited as the most active MP in Croatian Parliament by the Croatian media . On November 29 , 2016 , Stjepan Vujanić , president of political party Alphabet of Democracy , announced that Pernar would become a member of his party . Pernar later explained that he made this move as a revolt because Croatian Ministry of Public Administration refused to register",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "his new political party The Only Option . On October 11 , 2016 , he was criticized by parliament speaker Željko Reiner for eating pizza during a session . On December 14 , 2016 , Pernar accused Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts of being a decorative office , cultural poseurs and quasi-intellectuals for not dealing with issues of relevance for Croatian society .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": " On January 20 , 2017 , Pernar and his party colleague Ivan Vilibor Sinčić became the first MPs to have been forcibly expelled from the parliament since Croatias independence , after Pernar refused to leave the session on order of speaker Željko Reiner .",
"title": "Green List"
},
{
"text": "In January 2017 , Pernar declared that he no longer identified as a Roman Catholic , and accused the Catholic Church in Croatia of being the long arm of Croatian Democratic Union . He criticized the Catholic Church for banning marriage of clergy members , worship in front of statues , and the infallibility of the Pope . In an interview with Total Croatia News , Pernar stood against the funding of the Catholic Church from the state budget , indicating that it caused a perverse incentive for the Catholic Church to participate in partisan politics :",
"title": "Views"
},
{
"text": " When he was asked about his alleged impartiality to the Serbian Orthodox Church , Pernar said that the Orthodox Church realized its mistake from the time when it advocated for nationalism , and it is not longer advocating that in Croatia . Referring to the Republika Srpska Krajina as the insurgency , Pernar added that Orthodox priests took part in the insurgency , which ended catastrophically for the Serbian people .",
"title": "Views"
},
{
"text": "Pernar and the Serbian Orthodox Church became a focus of the local press again on January 6 , 2017 , when he attended a Badnjak ceremony after having been invited by a Serbian Orthodox Church . He later wrote on his Facebook page that the Serbian Orthodox Church does not have the goal of bringing the Croatian Democratic Union to the government , and does not interfere with our politics and deals with religious questions . That cannot be said for the Catholic Church . Index.hr reported that Pernars writings received a series of chauvinist Facebook comments and that he",
"title": "Views"
},
{
"text": "was also called a communist by many readers .",
"title": "Views"
},
{
"text": "In a discussion with Boris Malagurski in December 2016 , when Pernar was asked who he thought was responsible for the breakup of Yugoslavia , Pernar replied , all the peoples equally , but most of all Milošević who wanted to lead a dictatorship , instead of a loose confederation , which actually made a new co-existence of Yugoslavia impossible since he wanted Serbs to govern over all the others . Pernar also gave a mixed assessment about Josip Broz Tito for whom he said , [ Tito ] built factories , defended workers rights , for this I take",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "my hat off . However , he criticized Tito on the grounds of the Bleiburg repatriations , to which he referred when he said , after World War II he liquidated tens of thousands of Croats , for that I would take off his head . When Pernar was asked whether he is for the reunification of Yugoslavia , he replied that for an economic [ Yugoslavia ] yes , but co-existence in the sense of a united state is thoughtless .",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "In an interview with Moja Hercegovina , Pernar elaborated his views on Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time . He stated that Serbs in Republika Srpska , although they have their own entity , do not have anything of it . People are moving out , children are not being born , and all of that is a consequence which leads to the disappearance of Serbs in this region . He argued that Bosnia and Herzegovina should be more united , and spoke against Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina having their own entity , adding that Serbs would not get",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "anything from Republika Srpska gaining independence .",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "In November 2016 , Pernar published a Facebook post exploring the reasoning behind Srebrenica genocide denial , and began with , I noticed that some Serbs are afraid to be labeled as a genocidal people if they admit there was genocide in Srebrenica . In the same piece , he wrote that the Independent State of Croatia ( using the term Croatian government ) was responsible for genocide in Jasenovac , and that Operation Storm was an act of ethnic cleansing . However , he distinguished the Croatian people from the government , asserting that the responsibility was that of",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": "a genocidal group of people and those who were manipulated by their politics . His party , Human Shield , subsequently published a statement distancing from Pernars statements about Jasenovac and Operation Storm , saying that ...in the case of assessing events from the Croatian past he didnt only not put forward opinions of the party , moreover , he put forward opinions which are the opposite of the overwhelming majority of the membership of Human Shield .",
"title": "Former Yugoslavia"
},
{
"text": " In an interview with Croatian news site 4Dportal , Pernar said that his party is against entry into the European Union because it is ruled by unelected banker cartels and bureaucrats , there is no democracy [ in the EU ] . In another interview , he stated that his party would only consider a coalition with other parties if they challenge or terminate Croatias membership of the European Union .",
"title": "European Union"
},
{
"text": " On November 23 , 2016 , Pernar spoke to the Croatian Parliament against the ratification of Montenegros accession to NATO , reading a letter written by Montenegrin activist Marko Milačić .",
"title": "NATO"
},
{
"text": " In a guest appearance for Bosnian channel OSM Televizijas talk show called Face of the Nation , Pernar said that Israel was responsible for ethnic cleansing in the 1948 Palestinian exodus . In November 2016 , Pernar wore a Palestinian scarf to the Croatian Parliament . Gulf of Piran Dispute . In his interview to Novi List , Pernar advocated deployment of Croatian Navy vessels to Gulf of Piran , adding that Slovenia has no navy and that by doing so , Croatia would send the message to Slovenia - ours is bigger .",
"title": "Israel and Palestine"
},
{
"text": "In September 2016 , Pernar participated in a discussion with LGBT portal Crol.hr about the LGBT community in Croatia . Pernar said that homosexuals are not an endangered group , but stated that they are one of a long series of groups which the clerical right turned their backs on . Pernar gave a mixed assessment of gay activism in Croatia , saying that unfortunately , some gay activists reduce their struggle to a narrow spectrum of society . However , he did say that homosexuals should have protection from the state , saying so that if their parents throw",
"title": "Social issues"
},
{
"text": "them out of their homes they dont have to prostitute themselves in order to not become homeless , so that they can have normal jobs , pay , and so they dont live in fear of [ law ] enforcement or the cutting off of electricity and water .",
"title": "Social issues"
},
{
"text": " In December 2016 , Pernar argued for the legalization of marijuana in Croatia . He suggested that it would reduce emigration from Croatia if it were legalized because of the huge economic benefits legalisation brings . Major construction projects in Croatia .",
"title": "Social issues"
},
{
"text": " Pernar described the construction of the Pelješac bridge as madness , adding that the project is too expensive , while at the same time putting Croatia into conflict with Bosnia and Herzegovina . He went on to say that this bridge is only being built to provoke Bosnia and predicted that it will surely become a failed investment .",
"title": "Pelješac Bridge"
},
{
"text": "In October 2016 , Pernar was a guest to TV personality Vesna Kljajić on Z1 Television . Pernar claimed he had met Freemasons while visiting the Czech Republic . He alleged that the Freemasons offered him power and media exposure , under the condition that he does not bring into question the process of making money . He said that he rejected this offer in favor of going his own way , and recommended to all viewers to turn their hearts towards Jesus . In the same interview Pernar said that some MPs in Croatian parliament arent loyal to the",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "state , but to the secret societies instead .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "In October 2016 , Pernar accused Croatian lawyer and media magnate Marijan Hanžeković of being a Freemason of the 33rd degree who sold his soul to the devil and attacks everyone who opposes him using his disgusting yellow journalism . Hanžeković responded by raising a lawsuit for libel against Pernar and asked the Croatian parliament to relieve Pernar of his immunity . Pernar commented on the lawsuit , saying , Hanžeković is Satans delegate which insults him for the last five years , and stood by his earlier allegations on Hanžeković and Freemasonry . He also said that he puts",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "his parliamentary mandate into the hands of Jesus Christ . The Credentials and Privileges Commission of Croatian Parliament concluded that Pernars immunity should be left unchanged , but warned him not to use foul language and hard words anymore . After Hanžeković passed away on January 28 , 2018. , Pernar dubbed Hanžeković a human form of garbage on his Facebook page and announced that he will celebrate Hanžekovićs death with a pizza . Following day , Facebook temporary blocked Pernars profile .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "In November 2016 , Pernar was a guest for Croatian talk show Nedjeljom u 2 . After fifteen minutes , he abandoned the studio and accused TV host Aleksandar Stanković of not allowing him to finish his talking points . He later uploaded a video to social media , in which he threatened to fire Stanković should his party come to power . Stanković responded by filing a lawsuit against Pernar , stating that he started to receive threats as a result of the Pernar conflict . The Credentials and Privileges Commission did not challenge Pernars immunity , but instead",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "expressed criticism towards Pernars behavior . After civil lawsuit Stanković won the case in court and Pernar was ordered to pay the compensation of 50,000 kunas .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "In December 2016 , the Credentials and Privileges Commission decided to relieve Pernar of his parliamentary immunity for spraying a graffiti in Sesvete . In his defense , Pernar referred to a passage from the Bible known as Pericope Adulterae , after which the Speaker of the Parliament Željko Reiner remarked that Pernar compared himself to Jesus . Pernar denied that he compared himself to Jesus , calling himself not worthy even to wash his legs . However , in regards to the accusations of Jesus comparisons , Pernar did say , I have a similar role to his .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "We are both victims of false political processes .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " On December 26 , 2016 , Pernar expressed his doubts on the Berlin terrorist attack in a Facebook post . In his post , he shared a video by Gerhard Wisnewski which claimed that there were no proven victims or evidence of the attack . Pernar subsequently claimed that he deliberately published de facto fake news to see if his post would be covered more by Croatian publications Index.hr and Telegram than the affairs surrounding Ivo Sanader and the arbitration of Tomislav Karamarko .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "On January 9 , 2017 , Pernar wrote a Facebook status claiming that pharmaceutical companies make poisoned vaccines which mark people like livestock . Furthermore , he asked his followers why . such small needles leave such big marks and why vaccined children develop autism .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " Such claims drew criticism from the local media ranging from calling Pernar a conspiracy theorist , to referring to the MMR vaccine controversy case in order to dismiss his claims . Croatian Childrens Ombudsman Ivana Milas-Klarić and certain pediatricians also expressed outrage for Pernars claims . Milas-Klarić accused Pernar that by publishing such status , he violated the Article 24 of UNs Convention on the Rights of the Child which guarantees children the highest attainable standard of health and described his actions as sad .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "Later that month , three different schools from Zagreb reported Pernar to the police due to unauthorized entry , ignoring warnings of their employees , and taking selfies with minors without parental permission . In his text messages to one of the students , Pernar asked a student to skip class to meet him . Croatian Childrens Ombudsman Ivana Milas-Klarić , called the text messages concerning , and criticized Pernar for using the students for political and self-promotion .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " Later , Pernar criticized her behaviour during Parliament debate , voted for her removal from office and new Childrens Ombudsman became Helena Pirnat Dragičević .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "In March 2017 , Pernar interviewed English conspiracy theorist David Icke . Later he shared a Facebook photo with Icke and the two men briefly walked together near Croatian Parliament . In his Facebook post , David Icke described Pernar as : a politician worth listening , while he described Pernars political party as party inspired by his work . In turn , in his interview in 2011 , Pernar described Icke as a man : who speaks many truths but also has to insert in some fiction , otherwise his messages would be too dangerous for political and financial",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "elites . Serbian film director Boris Malagurski also supported Pernar by making a video of Pernars anti-NATO speech in Croatian Parliament .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " During the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia , Pernar expressed opposition to the measures introduced as a measure to deal with the pandemic , suggesting among other things that the economic toll of the measures imposed by the government is too great of a price to pay for the only benefit of prolonging the lives of some old people who only had a few more years to live in any case .",
"title": "Controversies"
}
] |
/wiki/Clarence_J._Brown#P106#0
|
What was the occupation of Clarence J. Brown between Dec 1915 and 1916?
|
Clarence J . Brown Clarence John Brown Sr . ( July 14 , 1893 – August 23 , 1965 ) was an American newspaper publisher and politician ; he represented Ohio as a Republican in the United States House of Representatives from 1939 until his death in Bethesda , Maryland in 1965 . Long representing conservative views , near the end of his life , he helped gain passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and voted for its passage , which provided enforcement of the right to vote for all citizens , while also voting in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 , 1960 , and 1964 . As president of Brown Publishing Company from 1920 , he created a huge media company that lasted for 90 years . In 1918 , at age 25 , Brown was elected as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio , the youngest man to gain that post . Life and career . Brown was born in Blanchester , Clinton County , Ohio or West Union , Clermont County , Ohio , the son of Owen and Ellen Barerre ( McCoppin ) Brown . His middle name was J and did not stand for anything . He attended the Blanchester public schools , and then attended law school at Washington and Lee University , in Lexington , Virginia , from 1913 to 1915 . On his twenty-first birthday , Brown married Ethel McKinney . He worked as state statistician in 1915 and 1916 in the Ohio Secretary of States office . Brown began newspaper work in Blanchester in 1917 , where he published several country newspapers . He became president of the Brown Publishing Company in Blanchester , and also owned and operated several large farms in the Blanchester area . He directed Brown Publishing for the rest of his life . Political career . In 1918 , at 25 , Brown was elected as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio , serving from 1919 to 1923 ; he was the youngest man ever to hold the office . In 1926 , he was elected Ohio Secretary of State and served from 1927 to 1933 . In 1921 , at the height of the Ku Klux Klans power in Ohio , Brown supported federal civil rights legislation to stop the lynching of African-Americans . In 1938 , prior to his first election as Representative , he was one of only 67 ( of 870 ) candidates for Representative along with only 8 ( out of 96 ) sitting Senators to pledge support to the NAACP for federal anti-lynching legislation , the legislative precursor to modern civil rights legislation . In 1940 , during debate of the anti-lynching bill he stated : In 1947 , during floor debate involving Adam Clayton Powell , Jr . ( D-NY ) and John E . Rankin ( D-MS ) , Brown forced a rule change from then Speaker Joseph W . Martin , Jr . ( R-MA ) to disallow racially offensive language from being used on the House floor . Brown twice ran for governor of Ohio : in 1932 , he lost the primary ; in 1934 , he won the Republican nomination but lost the general election . Brown was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1936 , 1940 , 1944 and 1948 and a member of the Republican National Committee beginning in 1944 . Brown was elected in 1938 as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth and to the thirteen succeeding Congresses , serving from January 3 , 1939 until his death in 1965 . While in Congress , he was chairman of the Select Committee on Newsprint in the Eightieth Congress ; he was a personal friend of Democrat Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn of Texas . In the 1930s and 1940s , Brown staunchly opposed President Franklin D . Roosevelts New Deal policies to expand the federal bureaucracy . He also opposed expanding US foreign military entanglements , until the attack on Pearl Harbor . Following World War II , Brown warned against the continuation and expansion of foreign aid programs that were meant to be temporary . When Harry Truman became president , Brown opposed his Fair Deal , as corrupt cronyism through the expansion of federal bureaucracy . Brown cosponsored legislation to create the Hoover Commission to study and reform the federal government and served on the commission , formally the Commission on the Organization of the Executive Branch of Government . By the 1950s , Brown was the ranking minority member of the important Rules Committee in Congress . In the 1960s , he worked with its chairman , Democrat Howard W . Smith of Virginia , to block expansive federal legislation sought by presidents John F . Kennedy and Lyndon B . Johnson . Smith was a senior member of the Southern Block , established by white Democrats at the turn of the 20th century , when the former Confederate states disfranchised blacks . However , near the end of his life , Brown convinced the segregationist Smith to allow landmark civil rights legislation to reach the house floor for a vote . He checked out of the hospital to help shepherd the Voting Rights Act of 1965 through Smiths Rules Committee , and he contributed to the achievements of the Civil Rights Movement . Brown died from uremic poisoning due to kidney failure at Bethesda Naval Hospital , Bethesda , Maryland on August 23 , 1965 . He was buried in the I.O.O.F . Cemetery , Blanchester , Ohio . Brown was a member of the Masons , K . of P. , I.O.O.F. , Moose , and M.W.A . Brown and his wife Ethel had three children — Betty , Dorothy and Clarence J . Bud Brown Jr. . His son , Clarence J . Bud Brown Jr. , won the special election in 1965 to fill his fathers seat in Congress . His grandson is Clancy Brown , an actor . He is not related to the film director of the same name .
|
[
"state statistician"
] |
[
{
"text": "Clarence John Brown Sr . ( July 14 , 1893 – August 23 , 1965 ) was an American newspaper publisher and politician ; he represented Ohio as a Republican in the United States House of Representatives from 1939 until his death in Bethesda , Maryland in 1965 . Long representing conservative views , near the end of his life , he helped gain passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and voted for its passage , which provided enforcement of the right to vote for all citizens , while also voting in favor of the Civil Rights Acts",
"title": "Clarence J . Brown"
},
{
"text": "of 1957 , 1960 , and 1964 .",
"title": "Clarence J . Brown"
},
{
"text": " As president of Brown Publishing Company from 1920 , he created a huge media company that lasted for 90 years . In 1918 , at age 25 , Brown was elected as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio , the youngest man to gain that post .",
"title": "Clarence J . Brown"
},
{
"text": " Brown was born in Blanchester , Clinton County , Ohio or West Union , Clermont County , Ohio , the son of Owen and Ellen Barerre ( McCoppin ) Brown . His middle name was J and did not stand for anything . He attended the Blanchester public schools , and then attended law school at Washington and Lee University , in Lexington , Virginia , from 1913 to 1915 . On his twenty-first birthday , Brown married Ethel McKinney . He worked as state statistician in 1915 and 1916 in the Ohio Secretary of States office .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Brown began newspaper work in Blanchester in 1917 , where he published several country newspapers . He became president of the Brown Publishing Company in Blanchester , and also owned and operated several large farms in the Blanchester area . He directed Brown Publishing for the rest of his life .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In 1918 , at 25 , Brown was elected as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio , serving from 1919 to 1923 ; he was the youngest man ever to hold the office . In 1926 , he was elected Ohio Secretary of State and served from 1927 to 1933 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 1921 , at the height of the Ku Klux Klans power in Ohio , Brown supported federal civil rights legislation to stop the lynching of African-Americans . In 1938 , prior to his first election as Representative , he was one of only 67 ( of 870 ) candidates for Representative along with only 8 ( out of 96 ) sitting Senators to pledge support to the NAACP for federal anti-lynching legislation , the legislative precursor to modern civil rights legislation . In 1940 , during debate of the anti-lynching bill he stated :",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 1947 , during floor debate involving Adam Clayton Powell , Jr . ( D-NY ) and John E . Rankin ( D-MS ) , Brown forced a rule change from then Speaker Joseph W . Martin , Jr . ( R-MA ) to disallow racially offensive language from being used on the House floor .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Brown twice ran for governor of Ohio : in 1932 , he lost the primary ; in 1934 , he won the Republican nomination but lost the general election . Brown was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1936 , 1940 , 1944 and 1948 and a member of the Republican National Committee beginning in 1944 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Brown was elected in 1938 as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth and to the thirteen succeeding Congresses , serving from January 3 , 1939 until his death in 1965 . While in Congress , he was chairman of the Select Committee on Newsprint in the Eightieth Congress ; he was a personal friend of Democrat Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn of Texas .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In the 1930s and 1940s , Brown staunchly opposed President Franklin D . Roosevelts New Deal policies to expand the federal bureaucracy . He also opposed expanding US foreign military entanglements , until the attack on Pearl Harbor . Following World War II , Brown warned against the continuation and expansion of foreign aid programs that were meant to be temporary . When Harry Truman became president , Brown opposed his Fair Deal , as corrupt cronyism through the expansion of federal bureaucracy .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Brown cosponsored legislation to create the Hoover Commission to study and reform the federal government and served on the commission , formally the Commission on the Organization of the Executive Branch of Government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "By the 1950s , Brown was the ranking minority member of the important Rules Committee in Congress . In the 1960s , he worked with its chairman , Democrat Howard W . Smith of Virginia , to block expansive federal legislation sought by presidents John F . Kennedy and Lyndon B . Johnson . Smith was a senior member of the Southern Block , established by white Democrats at the turn of the 20th century , when the former Confederate states disfranchised blacks . However , near the end of his life , Brown convinced the segregationist Smith to allow",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "landmark civil rights legislation to reach the house floor for a vote .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He checked out of the hospital to help shepherd the Voting Rights Act of 1965 through Smiths Rules Committee , and he contributed to the achievements of the Civil Rights Movement . Brown died from uremic poisoning due to kidney failure at Bethesda Naval Hospital , Bethesda , Maryland on August 23 , 1965 . He was buried in the I.O.O.F . Cemetery , Blanchester , Ohio . Brown was a member of the Masons , K . of P. , I.O.O.F. , Moose , and M.W.A .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Brown and his wife Ethel had three children — Betty , Dorothy and Clarence J . Bud Brown Jr. .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " His son , Clarence J . Bud Brown Jr. , won the special election in 1965 to fill his fathers seat in Congress . His grandson is Clancy Brown , an actor . He is not related to the film director of the same name .",
"title": "Political career"
}
] |
/wiki/Clarence_J._Brown#P106#1
|
What was the occupation of Clarence J. Brown between Sep 1916 and Oct 1916?
|
Clarence J . Brown Clarence John Brown Sr . ( July 14 , 1893 – August 23 , 1965 ) was an American newspaper publisher and politician ; he represented Ohio as a Republican in the United States House of Representatives from 1939 until his death in Bethesda , Maryland in 1965 . Long representing conservative views , near the end of his life , he helped gain passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and voted for its passage , which provided enforcement of the right to vote for all citizens , while also voting in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 , 1960 , and 1964 . As president of Brown Publishing Company from 1920 , he created a huge media company that lasted for 90 years . In 1918 , at age 25 , Brown was elected as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio , the youngest man to gain that post . Life and career . Brown was born in Blanchester , Clinton County , Ohio or West Union , Clermont County , Ohio , the son of Owen and Ellen Barerre ( McCoppin ) Brown . His middle name was J and did not stand for anything . He attended the Blanchester public schools , and then attended law school at Washington and Lee University , in Lexington , Virginia , from 1913 to 1915 . On his twenty-first birthday , Brown married Ethel McKinney . He worked as state statistician in 1915 and 1916 in the Ohio Secretary of States office . Brown began newspaper work in Blanchester in 1917 , where he published several country newspapers . He became president of the Brown Publishing Company in Blanchester , and also owned and operated several large farms in the Blanchester area . He directed Brown Publishing for the rest of his life . Political career . In 1918 , at 25 , Brown was elected as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio , serving from 1919 to 1923 ; he was the youngest man ever to hold the office . In 1926 , he was elected Ohio Secretary of State and served from 1927 to 1933 . In 1921 , at the height of the Ku Klux Klans power in Ohio , Brown supported federal civil rights legislation to stop the lynching of African-Americans . In 1938 , prior to his first election as Representative , he was one of only 67 ( of 870 ) candidates for Representative along with only 8 ( out of 96 ) sitting Senators to pledge support to the NAACP for federal anti-lynching legislation , the legislative precursor to modern civil rights legislation . In 1940 , during debate of the anti-lynching bill he stated : In 1947 , during floor debate involving Adam Clayton Powell , Jr . ( D-NY ) and John E . Rankin ( D-MS ) , Brown forced a rule change from then Speaker Joseph W . Martin , Jr . ( R-MA ) to disallow racially offensive language from being used on the House floor . Brown twice ran for governor of Ohio : in 1932 , he lost the primary ; in 1934 , he won the Republican nomination but lost the general election . Brown was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1936 , 1940 , 1944 and 1948 and a member of the Republican National Committee beginning in 1944 . Brown was elected in 1938 as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth and to the thirteen succeeding Congresses , serving from January 3 , 1939 until his death in 1965 . While in Congress , he was chairman of the Select Committee on Newsprint in the Eightieth Congress ; he was a personal friend of Democrat Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn of Texas . In the 1930s and 1940s , Brown staunchly opposed President Franklin D . Roosevelts New Deal policies to expand the federal bureaucracy . He also opposed expanding US foreign military entanglements , until the attack on Pearl Harbor . Following World War II , Brown warned against the continuation and expansion of foreign aid programs that were meant to be temporary . When Harry Truman became president , Brown opposed his Fair Deal , as corrupt cronyism through the expansion of federal bureaucracy . Brown cosponsored legislation to create the Hoover Commission to study and reform the federal government and served on the commission , formally the Commission on the Organization of the Executive Branch of Government . By the 1950s , Brown was the ranking minority member of the important Rules Committee in Congress . In the 1960s , he worked with its chairman , Democrat Howard W . Smith of Virginia , to block expansive federal legislation sought by presidents John F . Kennedy and Lyndon B . Johnson . Smith was a senior member of the Southern Block , established by white Democrats at the turn of the 20th century , when the former Confederate states disfranchised blacks . However , near the end of his life , Brown convinced the segregationist Smith to allow landmark civil rights legislation to reach the house floor for a vote . He checked out of the hospital to help shepherd the Voting Rights Act of 1965 through Smiths Rules Committee , and he contributed to the achievements of the Civil Rights Movement . Brown died from uremic poisoning due to kidney failure at Bethesda Naval Hospital , Bethesda , Maryland on August 23 , 1965 . He was buried in the I.O.O.F . Cemetery , Blanchester , Ohio . Brown was a member of the Masons , K . of P. , I.O.O.F. , Moose , and M.W.A . Brown and his wife Ethel had three children — Betty , Dorothy and Clarence J . Bud Brown Jr. . His son , Clarence J . Bud Brown Jr. , won the special election in 1965 to fill his fathers seat in Congress . His grandson is Clancy Brown , an actor . He is not related to the film director of the same name .
|
[
"published"
] |
[
{
"text": "Clarence John Brown Sr . ( July 14 , 1893 – August 23 , 1965 ) was an American newspaper publisher and politician ; he represented Ohio as a Republican in the United States House of Representatives from 1939 until his death in Bethesda , Maryland in 1965 . Long representing conservative views , near the end of his life , he helped gain passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and voted for its passage , which provided enforcement of the right to vote for all citizens , while also voting in favor of the Civil Rights Acts",
"title": "Clarence J . Brown"
},
{
"text": "of 1957 , 1960 , and 1964 .",
"title": "Clarence J . Brown"
},
{
"text": " As president of Brown Publishing Company from 1920 , he created a huge media company that lasted for 90 years . In 1918 , at age 25 , Brown was elected as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio , the youngest man to gain that post .",
"title": "Clarence J . Brown"
},
{
"text": " Brown was born in Blanchester , Clinton County , Ohio or West Union , Clermont County , Ohio , the son of Owen and Ellen Barerre ( McCoppin ) Brown . His middle name was J and did not stand for anything . He attended the Blanchester public schools , and then attended law school at Washington and Lee University , in Lexington , Virginia , from 1913 to 1915 . On his twenty-first birthday , Brown married Ethel McKinney . He worked as state statistician in 1915 and 1916 in the Ohio Secretary of States office .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Brown began newspaper work in Blanchester in 1917 , where he published several country newspapers . He became president of the Brown Publishing Company in Blanchester , and also owned and operated several large farms in the Blanchester area . He directed Brown Publishing for the rest of his life .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In 1918 , at 25 , Brown was elected as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio , serving from 1919 to 1923 ; he was the youngest man ever to hold the office . In 1926 , he was elected Ohio Secretary of State and served from 1927 to 1933 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 1921 , at the height of the Ku Klux Klans power in Ohio , Brown supported federal civil rights legislation to stop the lynching of African-Americans . In 1938 , prior to his first election as Representative , he was one of only 67 ( of 870 ) candidates for Representative along with only 8 ( out of 96 ) sitting Senators to pledge support to the NAACP for federal anti-lynching legislation , the legislative precursor to modern civil rights legislation . In 1940 , during debate of the anti-lynching bill he stated :",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 1947 , during floor debate involving Adam Clayton Powell , Jr . ( D-NY ) and John E . Rankin ( D-MS ) , Brown forced a rule change from then Speaker Joseph W . Martin , Jr . ( R-MA ) to disallow racially offensive language from being used on the House floor .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Brown twice ran for governor of Ohio : in 1932 , he lost the primary ; in 1934 , he won the Republican nomination but lost the general election . Brown was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1936 , 1940 , 1944 and 1948 and a member of the Republican National Committee beginning in 1944 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Brown was elected in 1938 as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth and to the thirteen succeeding Congresses , serving from January 3 , 1939 until his death in 1965 . While in Congress , he was chairman of the Select Committee on Newsprint in the Eightieth Congress ; he was a personal friend of Democrat Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn of Texas .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In the 1930s and 1940s , Brown staunchly opposed President Franklin D . Roosevelts New Deal policies to expand the federal bureaucracy . He also opposed expanding US foreign military entanglements , until the attack on Pearl Harbor . Following World War II , Brown warned against the continuation and expansion of foreign aid programs that were meant to be temporary . When Harry Truman became president , Brown opposed his Fair Deal , as corrupt cronyism through the expansion of federal bureaucracy .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Brown cosponsored legislation to create the Hoover Commission to study and reform the federal government and served on the commission , formally the Commission on the Organization of the Executive Branch of Government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "By the 1950s , Brown was the ranking minority member of the important Rules Committee in Congress . In the 1960s , he worked with its chairman , Democrat Howard W . Smith of Virginia , to block expansive federal legislation sought by presidents John F . Kennedy and Lyndon B . Johnson . Smith was a senior member of the Southern Block , established by white Democrats at the turn of the 20th century , when the former Confederate states disfranchised blacks . However , near the end of his life , Brown convinced the segregationist Smith to allow",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "landmark civil rights legislation to reach the house floor for a vote .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He checked out of the hospital to help shepherd the Voting Rights Act of 1965 through Smiths Rules Committee , and he contributed to the achievements of the Civil Rights Movement . Brown died from uremic poisoning due to kidney failure at Bethesda Naval Hospital , Bethesda , Maryland on August 23 , 1965 . He was buried in the I.O.O.F . Cemetery , Blanchester , Ohio . Brown was a member of the Masons , K . of P. , I.O.O.F. , Moose , and M.W.A .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Brown and his wife Ethel had three children — Betty , Dorothy and Clarence J . Bud Brown Jr. .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " His son , Clarence J . Bud Brown Jr. , won the special election in 1965 to fill his fathers seat in Congress . His grandson is Clancy Brown , an actor . He is not related to the film director of the same name .",
"title": "Political career"
}
] |
/wiki/Clarence_J._Brown#P106#2
|
What was the occupation of Clarence J. Brown in Apr 1962?
|
Clarence J . Brown Clarence John Brown Sr . ( July 14 , 1893 – August 23 , 1965 ) was an American newspaper publisher and politician ; he represented Ohio as a Republican in the United States House of Representatives from 1939 until his death in Bethesda , Maryland in 1965 . Long representing conservative views , near the end of his life , he helped gain passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and voted for its passage , which provided enforcement of the right to vote for all citizens , while also voting in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 , 1960 , and 1964 . As president of Brown Publishing Company from 1920 , he created a huge media company that lasted for 90 years . In 1918 , at age 25 , Brown was elected as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio , the youngest man to gain that post . Life and career . Brown was born in Blanchester , Clinton County , Ohio or West Union , Clermont County , Ohio , the son of Owen and Ellen Barerre ( McCoppin ) Brown . His middle name was J and did not stand for anything . He attended the Blanchester public schools , and then attended law school at Washington and Lee University , in Lexington , Virginia , from 1913 to 1915 . On his twenty-first birthday , Brown married Ethel McKinney . He worked as state statistician in 1915 and 1916 in the Ohio Secretary of States office . Brown began newspaper work in Blanchester in 1917 , where he published several country newspapers . He became president of the Brown Publishing Company in Blanchester , and also owned and operated several large farms in the Blanchester area . He directed Brown Publishing for the rest of his life . Political career . In 1918 , at 25 , Brown was elected as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio , serving from 1919 to 1923 ; he was the youngest man ever to hold the office . In 1926 , he was elected Ohio Secretary of State and served from 1927 to 1933 . In 1921 , at the height of the Ku Klux Klans power in Ohio , Brown supported federal civil rights legislation to stop the lynching of African-Americans . In 1938 , prior to his first election as Representative , he was one of only 67 ( of 870 ) candidates for Representative along with only 8 ( out of 96 ) sitting Senators to pledge support to the NAACP for federal anti-lynching legislation , the legislative precursor to modern civil rights legislation . In 1940 , during debate of the anti-lynching bill he stated : In 1947 , during floor debate involving Adam Clayton Powell , Jr . ( D-NY ) and John E . Rankin ( D-MS ) , Brown forced a rule change from then Speaker Joseph W . Martin , Jr . ( R-MA ) to disallow racially offensive language from being used on the House floor . Brown twice ran for governor of Ohio : in 1932 , he lost the primary ; in 1934 , he won the Republican nomination but lost the general election . Brown was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1936 , 1940 , 1944 and 1948 and a member of the Republican National Committee beginning in 1944 . Brown was elected in 1938 as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth and to the thirteen succeeding Congresses , serving from January 3 , 1939 until his death in 1965 . While in Congress , he was chairman of the Select Committee on Newsprint in the Eightieth Congress ; he was a personal friend of Democrat Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn of Texas . In the 1930s and 1940s , Brown staunchly opposed President Franklin D . Roosevelts New Deal policies to expand the federal bureaucracy . He also opposed expanding US foreign military entanglements , until the attack on Pearl Harbor . Following World War II , Brown warned against the continuation and expansion of foreign aid programs that were meant to be temporary . When Harry Truman became president , Brown opposed his Fair Deal , as corrupt cronyism through the expansion of federal bureaucracy . Brown cosponsored legislation to create the Hoover Commission to study and reform the federal government and served on the commission , formally the Commission on the Organization of the Executive Branch of Government . By the 1950s , Brown was the ranking minority member of the important Rules Committee in Congress . In the 1960s , he worked with its chairman , Democrat Howard W . Smith of Virginia , to block expansive federal legislation sought by presidents John F . Kennedy and Lyndon B . Johnson . Smith was a senior member of the Southern Block , established by white Democrats at the turn of the 20th century , when the former Confederate states disfranchised blacks . However , near the end of his life , Brown convinced the segregationist Smith to allow landmark civil rights legislation to reach the house floor for a vote . He checked out of the hospital to help shepherd the Voting Rights Act of 1965 through Smiths Rules Committee , and he contributed to the achievements of the Civil Rights Movement . Brown died from uremic poisoning due to kidney failure at Bethesda Naval Hospital , Bethesda , Maryland on August 23 , 1965 . He was buried in the I.O.O.F . Cemetery , Blanchester , Ohio . Brown was a member of the Masons , K . of P. , I.O.O.F. , Moose , and M.W.A . Brown and his wife Ethel had three children — Betty , Dorothy and Clarence J . Bud Brown Jr. . His son , Clarence J . Bud Brown Jr. , won the special election in 1965 to fill his fathers seat in Congress . His grandson is Clancy Brown , an actor . He is not related to the film director of the same name .
|
[
"Lieutenant Governor of Ohio",
"Ohio Secretary of State",
"Republican to the Seventy-sixth and to the thirteen succeeding Congresses"
] |
[
{
"text": "Clarence John Brown Sr . ( July 14 , 1893 – August 23 , 1965 ) was an American newspaper publisher and politician ; he represented Ohio as a Republican in the United States House of Representatives from 1939 until his death in Bethesda , Maryland in 1965 . Long representing conservative views , near the end of his life , he helped gain passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and voted for its passage , which provided enforcement of the right to vote for all citizens , while also voting in favor of the Civil Rights Acts",
"title": "Clarence J . Brown"
},
{
"text": "of 1957 , 1960 , and 1964 .",
"title": "Clarence J . Brown"
},
{
"text": " As president of Brown Publishing Company from 1920 , he created a huge media company that lasted for 90 years . In 1918 , at age 25 , Brown was elected as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio , the youngest man to gain that post .",
"title": "Clarence J . Brown"
},
{
"text": " Brown was born in Blanchester , Clinton County , Ohio or West Union , Clermont County , Ohio , the son of Owen and Ellen Barerre ( McCoppin ) Brown . His middle name was J and did not stand for anything . He attended the Blanchester public schools , and then attended law school at Washington and Lee University , in Lexington , Virginia , from 1913 to 1915 . On his twenty-first birthday , Brown married Ethel McKinney . He worked as state statistician in 1915 and 1916 in the Ohio Secretary of States office .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": "Brown began newspaper work in Blanchester in 1917 , where he published several country newspapers . He became president of the Brown Publishing Company in Blanchester , and also owned and operated several large farms in the Blanchester area . He directed Brown Publishing for the rest of his life .",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"text": " In 1918 , at 25 , Brown was elected as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio , serving from 1919 to 1923 ; he was the youngest man ever to hold the office . In 1926 , he was elected Ohio Secretary of State and served from 1927 to 1933 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In 1921 , at the height of the Ku Klux Klans power in Ohio , Brown supported federal civil rights legislation to stop the lynching of African-Americans . In 1938 , prior to his first election as Representative , he was one of only 67 ( of 870 ) candidates for Representative along with only 8 ( out of 96 ) sitting Senators to pledge support to the NAACP for federal anti-lynching legislation , the legislative precursor to modern civil rights legislation . In 1940 , during debate of the anti-lynching bill he stated :",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 1947 , during floor debate involving Adam Clayton Powell , Jr . ( D-NY ) and John E . Rankin ( D-MS ) , Brown forced a rule change from then Speaker Joseph W . Martin , Jr . ( R-MA ) to disallow racially offensive language from being used on the House floor .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Brown twice ran for governor of Ohio : in 1932 , he lost the primary ; in 1934 , he won the Republican nomination but lost the general election . Brown was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1936 , 1940 , 1944 and 1948 and a member of the Republican National Committee beginning in 1944 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Brown was elected in 1938 as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth and to the thirteen succeeding Congresses , serving from January 3 , 1939 until his death in 1965 . While in Congress , he was chairman of the Select Committee on Newsprint in the Eightieth Congress ; he was a personal friend of Democrat Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn of Texas .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "In the 1930s and 1940s , Brown staunchly opposed President Franklin D . Roosevelts New Deal policies to expand the federal bureaucracy . He also opposed expanding US foreign military entanglements , until the attack on Pearl Harbor . Following World War II , Brown warned against the continuation and expansion of foreign aid programs that were meant to be temporary . When Harry Truman became president , Brown opposed his Fair Deal , as corrupt cronyism through the expansion of federal bureaucracy .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Brown cosponsored legislation to create the Hoover Commission to study and reform the federal government and served on the commission , formally the Commission on the Organization of the Executive Branch of Government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "By the 1950s , Brown was the ranking minority member of the important Rules Committee in Congress . In the 1960s , he worked with its chairman , Democrat Howard W . Smith of Virginia , to block expansive federal legislation sought by presidents John F . Kennedy and Lyndon B . Johnson . Smith was a senior member of the Southern Block , established by white Democrats at the turn of the 20th century , when the former Confederate states disfranchised blacks . However , near the end of his life , Brown convinced the segregationist Smith to allow",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "landmark civil rights legislation to reach the house floor for a vote .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " He checked out of the hospital to help shepherd the Voting Rights Act of 1965 through Smiths Rules Committee , and he contributed to the achievements of the Civil Rights Movement . Brown died from uremic poisoning due to kidney failure at Bethesda Naval Hospital , Bethesda , Maryland on August 23 , 1965 . He was buried in the I.O.O.F . Cemetery , Blanchester , Ohio . Brown was a member of the Masons , K . of P. , I.O.O.F. , Moose , and M.W.A .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Brown and his wife Ethel had three children — Betty , Dorothy and Clarence J . Bud Brown Jr. .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " His son , Clarence J . Bud Brown Jr. , won the special election in 1965 to fill his fathers seat in Congress . His grandson is Clancy Brown , an actor . He is not related to the film director of the same name .",
"title": "Political career"
}
] |
/wiki/K._R._Sreenivasan#P463#0
|
What organization or association or team did K. R. Sreenivasan join in 2007?
|
K . R . Sreenivasan Katepalli Raju Sreenivasan is an aerospace scientist , fluid dynamicist and applied physicist whose research includes physics and applied mathematics . He studies turbulence , nonlinear and statistical physics , astrophysical fluid mechanics , and cryogenic helium . He was the dean of engineering and executive vice provost for science and technology of New York University . Sreenivasan is also the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Tandon School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences . Education . Sreenivasan earned his bachelors degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering ( UVCE ) , Bangalore University in 1968 . He attended the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , where he was awarded a masters degree in 1970 and doctorate in aerospace engineering in 1975 . His post-doctoral research was at the University of Sydney , the University of Newcastle , and Johns Hopkins University . Sreenivasan was awarded a Honoris Causa masters degree from Yale University in 1985 . In 2006 , he was awarded a Honoris Causa doctorate from University of Lucknow . He received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of Hyderabad in 2007 , and from the Romanian Academy in 2008 . Career . In 1979 , he joined the faculty at Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut as assistant professor . In 1985 , he became a full professor . Sreenivasan became chairman of Mechanical Engineering in 1987 . He was appointed the Harold W . Cheel professor of mechanical engineering in 1988 . In 1989 , Sreenivasan was named acting chairman of the council of engineering . He became the Andrew W . Mellon Professor in 1991 . He also served as professor of physics , applied physics and mathematics . In 1991 , Sreenivasan was appointed to the Society of Scholars for Johns Hopkins University . At the American Physical Society ( APS ) , he served as the chair of the Division of Fluid Dynamics , and the founding chairman of the Topical Group in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics . In 1995 , he was awarded the APS Otto Laporte Memorial Award . In 1997 , Sreenivasan became an American citizen . In 2002 , he joined the University of Maryland , College Park and became director of the Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology , which is a part of the University of Maryland College of Computer , Mathematical , and Natural Sciences . That same year , Sreenivasan was named director of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) in Trieste , Italy where he held the Abdus Salam Honorary Professorship . He started the position in March 2003 . While working at ICTP he continued to hold his appointment at the University of Maryland as Glenn L . Martin Professor of Engineering and professor of physics . Also in 2002 , he received the Medal in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World . In 2008 , the American Physical Society awarded him the Dwight Nicholson Medal for human outreach . In 2009 , he was awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science International Scientific Cooperation Award . He received the 2011 Multicultural Leadership Award of the National Diversity Council . He was also awarded the UNESCO Medal for promoting international scientific cooperation and world peace from the World Heritage Centre in Italy . From 2009 until 2011 , Sreenivasan served as senior vice provost for New York University’s Global Network University in science and technology . In 2007 , Sreenivasan was elected to be a member of the National Academy of Sciences . He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 . In November 2012 , he was appointed acting president of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University . He became president and dean of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University and dean of engineering at New York University ( NYU ) , and oversaw the Institutes merger with NYU to become the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering . He is also the executive vice provost in charge of science and technology at NYU . Sreenivasan is the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences . Sreenivasan has been a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology , Rockefeller Institute , the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University , the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge , and the Texas A&M University Institute of Advanced Study . Sreenivasan is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He is a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences , the Indian National Science Academy , the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World , the African Academy of Sciences , and the Accademia die Lincei in Italy . Other activities . He has served on scientific journal editorial boards including American Scientist , Physics of Fluids , Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Physical Review E , Physical Review Letters , Journal of Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics , and the Springer book series on Applied Mathematics . Sreenivasan is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nonlinear Science .
|
[
"National Academy of Sciences"
] |
[
{
"text": "Katepalli Raju Sreenivasan is an aerospace scientist , fluid dynamicist and applied physicist whose research includes physics and applied mathematics . He studies turbulence , nonlinear and statistical physics , astrophysical fluid mechanics , and cryogenic helium . He was the dean of engineering and executive vice provost for science and technology of New York University . Sreenivasan is also the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Tandon School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute",
"title": "K . R . Sreenivasan"
},
{
"text": "of Mathematical Sciences .",
"title": "K . R . Sreenivasan"
},
{
"text": "Sreenivasan earned his bachelors degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering ( UVCE ) , Bangalore University in 1968 . He attended the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , where he was awarded a masters degree in 1970 and doctorate in aerospace engineering in 1975 . His post-doctoral research was at the University of Sydney , the University of Newcastle , and Johns Hopkins University . Sreenivasan was awarded a Honoris Causa masters degree from Yale University in 1985 . In 2006 , he was awarded a Honoris Causa doctorate from University of Lucknow . He",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of Hyderabad in 2007 , and from the Romanian Academy in 2008 .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "In 1979 , he joined the faculty at Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut as assistant professor . In 1985 , he became a full professor . Sreenivasan became chairman of Mechanical Engineering in 1987 . He was appointed the Harold W . Cheel professor of mechanical engineering in 1988 . In 1989 , Sreenivasan was named acting chairman of the council of engineering . He became the Andrew W . Mellon Professor in 1991 . He also served as professor of physics , applied physics and mathematics . In 1991 , Sreenivasan was appointed to the Society of",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Scholars for Johns Hopkins University . At the American Physical Society ( APS ) , he served as the chair of the Division of Fluid Dynamics , and the founding chairman of the Topical Group in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics . In 1995 , he was awarded the APS Otto Laporte Memorial Award . In 1997 , Sreenivasan became an American citizen .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , he joined the University of Maryland , College Park and became director of the Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology , which is a part of the University of Maryland College of Computer , Mathematical , and Natural Sciences . That same year , Sreenivasan was named director of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) in Trieste , Italy where he held the Abdus Salam Honorary Professorship . He started the position in March 2003 . While working at ICTP he continued to hold his appointment at the University of Maryland as",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Glenn L . Martin Professor of Engineering and professor of physics .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Also in 2002 , he received the Medal in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World . In 2008 , the American Physical Society awarded him the Dwight Nicholson Medal for human outreach . In 2009 , he was awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science International Scientific Cooperation Award . He received the 2011 Multicultural Leadership Award of the National Diversity Council . He was also awarded the UNESCO Medal for promoting international scientific cooperation and world peace from the World Heritage Centre in Italy .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 2009 until 2011 , Sreenivasan served as senior vice provost for New York University’s Global Network University in science and technology . In 2007 , Sreenivasan was elected to be a member of the National Academy of Sciences . He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 . In November 2012 , he was appointed acting president of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University . He became president and dean of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University and dean of engineering at New York University ( NYU ) , and oversaw",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "the Institutes merger with NYU to become the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering . He is also the executive vice provost in charge of science and technology at NYU . Sreenivasan is the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Sreenivasan has been a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology , Rockefeller Institute , the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University , the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge , and the Texas A&M University Institute of Advanced Study . Sreenivasan is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He is a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences , the Indian National Science Academy , the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World , the African Academy",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "of Sciences , and the Accademia die Lincei in Italy .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He has served on scientific journal editorial boards including American Scientist , Physics of Fluids , Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Physical Review E , Physical Review Letters , Journal of Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics , and the Springer book series on Applied Mathematics . Sreenivasan is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nonlinear Science .",
"title": "Other activities"
}
] |
/wiki/K._R._Sreenivasan#P463#1
|
What organization or association or team did K. R. Sreenivasan join in 2003?
|
K . R . Sreenivasan Katepalli Raju Sreenivasan is an aerospace scientist , fluid dynamicist and applied physicist whose research includes physics and applied mathematics . He studies turbulence , nonlinear and statistical physics , astrophysical fluid mechanics , and cryogenic helium . He was the dean of engineering and executive vice provost for science and technology of New York University . Sreenivasan is also the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Tandon School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences . Education . Sreenivasan earned his bachelors degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering ( UVCE ) , Bangalore University in 1968 . He attended the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , where he was awarded a masters degree in 1970 and doctorate in aerospace engineering in 1975 . His post-doctoral research was at the University of Sydney , the University of Newcastle , and Johns Hopkins University . Sreenivasan was awarded a Honoris Causa masters degree from Yale University in 1985 . In 2006 , he was awarded a Honoris Causa doctorate from University of Lucknow . He received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of Hyderabad in 2007 , and from the Romanian Academy in 2008 . Career . In 1979 , he joined the faculty at Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut as assistant professor . In 1985 , he became a full professor . Sreenivasan became chairman of Mechanical Engineering in 1987 . He was appointed the Harold W . Cheel professor of mechanical engineering in 1988 . In 1989 , Sreenivasan was named acting chairman of the council of engineering . He became the Andrew W . Mellon Professor in 1991 . He also served as professor of physics , applied physics and mathematics . In 1991 , Sreenivasan was appointed to the Society of Scholars for Johns Hopkins University . At the American Physical Society ( APS ) , he served as the chair of the Division of Fluid Dynamics , and the founding chairman of the Topical Group in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics . In 1995 , he was awarded the APS Otto Laporte Memorial Award . In 1997 , Sreenivasan became an American citizen . In 2002 , he joined the University of Maryland , College Park and became director of the Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology , which is a part of the University of Maryland College of Computer , Mathematical , and Natural Sciences . That same year , Sreenivasan was named director of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) in Trieste , Italy where he held the Abdus Salam Honorary Professorship . He started the position in March 2003 . While working at ICTP he continued to hold his appointment at the University of Maryland as Glenn L . Martin Professor of Engineering and professor of physics . Also in 2002 , he received the Medal in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World . In 2008 , the American Physical Society awarded him the Dwight Nicholson Medal for human outreach . In 2009 , he was awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science International Scientific Cooperation Award . He received the 2011 Multicultural Leadership Award of the National Diversity Council . He was also awarded the UNESCO Medal for promoting international scientific cooperation and world peace from the World Heritage Centre in Italy . From 2009 until 2011 , Sreenivasan served as senior vice provost for New York University’s Global Network University in science and technology . In 2007 , Sreenivasan was elected to be a member of the National Academy of Sciences . He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 . In November 2012 , he was appointed acting president of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University . He became president and dean of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University and dean of engineering at New York University ( NYU ) , and oversaw the Institutes merger with NYU to become the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering . He is also the executive vice provost in charge of science and technology at NYU . Sreenivasan is the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences . Sreenivasan has been a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology , Rockefeller Institute , the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University , the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge , and the Texas A&M University Institute of Advanced Study . Sreenivasan is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He is a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences , the Indian National Science Academy , the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World , the African Academy of Sciences , and the Accademia die Lincei in Italy . Other activities . He has served on scientific journal editorial boards including American Scientist , Physics of Fluids , Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Physical Review E , Physical Review Letters , Journal of Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics , and the Springer book series on Applied Mathematics . Sreenivasan is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nonlinear Science .
|
[
"Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics"
] |
[
{
"text": "Katepalli Raju Sreenivasan is an aerospace scientist , fluid dynamicist and applied physicist whose research includes physics and applied mathematics . He studies turbulence , nonlinear and statistical physics , astrophysical fluid mechanics , and cryogenic helium . He was the dean of engineering and executive vice provost for science and technology of New York University . Sreenivasan is also the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Tandon School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute",
"title": "K . R . Sreenivasan"
},
{
"text": "of Mathematical Sciences .",
"title": "K . R . Sreenivasan"
},
{
"text": "Sreenivasan earned his bachelors degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering ( UVCE ) , Bangalore University in 1968 . He attended the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , where he was awarded a masters degree in 1970 and doctorate in aerospace engineering in 1975 . His post-doctoral research was at the University of Sydney , the University of Newcastle , and Johns Hopkins University . Sreenivasan was awarded a Honoris Causa masters degree from Yale University in 1985 . In 2006 , he was awarded a Honoris Causa doctorate from University of Lucknow . He",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of Hyderabad in 2007 , and from the Romanian Academy in 2008 .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "In 1979 , he joined the faculty at Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut as assistant professor . In 1985 , he became a full professor . Sreenivasan became chairman of Mechanical Engineering in 1987 . He was appointed the Harold W . Cheel professor of mechanical engineering in 1988 . In 1989 , Sreenivasan was named acting chairman of the council of engineering . He became the Andrew W . Mellon Professor in 1991 . He also served as professor of physics , applied physics and mathematics . In 1991 , Sreenivasan was appointed to the Society of",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Scholars for Johns Hopkins University . At the American Physical Society ( APS ) , he served as the chair of the Division of Fluid Dynamics , and the founding chairman of the Topical Group in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics . In 1995 , he was awarded the APS Otto Laporte Memorial Award . In 1997 , Sreenivasan became an American citizen .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , he joined the University of Maryland , College Park and became director of the Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology , which is a part of the University of Maryland College of Computer , Mathematical , and Natural Sciences . That same year , Sreenivasan was named director of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) in Trieste , Italy where he held the Abdus Salam Honorary Professorship . He started the position in March 2003 . While working at ICTP he continued to hold his appointment at the University of Maryland as",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Glenn L . Martin Professor of Engineering and professor of physics .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Also in 2002 , he received the Medal in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World . In 2008 , the American Physical Society awarded him the Dwight Nicholson Medal for human outreach . In 2009 , he was awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science International Scientific Cooperation Award . He received the 2011 Multicultural Leadership Award of the National Diversity Council . He was also awarded the UNESCO Medal for promoting international scientific cooperation and world peace from the World Heritage Centre in Italy .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 2009 until 2011 , Sreenivasan served as senior vice provost for New York University’s Global Network University in science and technology . In 2007 , Sreenivasan was elected to be a member of the National Academy of Sciences . He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 . In November 2012 , he was appointed acting president of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University . He became president and dean of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University and dean of engineering at New York University ( NYU ) , and oversaw",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "the Institutes merger with NYU to become the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering . He is also the executive vice provost in charge of science and technology at NYU . Sreenivasan is the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Sreenivasan has been a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology , Rockefeller Institute , the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University , the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge , and the Texas A&M University Institute of Advanced Study . Sreenivasan is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He is a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences , the Indian National Science Academy , the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World , the African Academy",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "of Sciences , and the Accademia die Lincei in Italy .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He has served on scientific journal editorial boards including American Scientist , Physics of Fluids , Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Physical Review E , Physical Review Letters , Journal of Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics , and the Springer book series on Applied Mathematics . Sreenivasan is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nonlinear Science .",
"title": "Other activities"
}
] |
/wiki/K._R._Sreenivasan#P463#2
|
What organization or association or team did K. R. Sreenivasan join in 1993?
|
K . R . Sreenivasan Katepalli Raju Sreenivasan is an aerospace scientist , fluid dynamicist and applied physicist whose research includes physics and applied mathematics . He studies turbulence , nonlinear and statistical physics , astrophysical fluid mechanics , and cryogenic helium . He was the dean of engineering and executive vice provost for science and technology of New York University . Sreenivasan is also the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Tandon School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences . Education . Sreenivasan earned his bachelors degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering ( UVCE ) , Bangalore University in 1968 . He attended the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , where he was awarded a masters degree in 1970 and doctorate in aerospace engineering in 1975 . His post-doctoral research was at the University of Sydney , the University of Newcastle , and Johns Hopkins University . Sreenivasan was awarded a Honoris Causa masters degree from Yale University in 1985 . In 2006 , he was awarded a Honoris Causa doctorate from University of Lucknow . He received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of Hyderabad in 2007 , and from the Romanian Academy in 2008 . Career . In 1979 , he joined the faculty at Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut as assistant professor . In 1985 , he became a full professor . Sreenivasan became chairman of Mechanical Engineering in 1987 . He was appointed the Harold W . Cheel professor of mechanical engineering in 1988 . In 1989 , Sreenivasan was named acting chairman of the council of engineering . He became the Andrew W . Mellon Professor in 1991 . He also served as professor of physics , applied physics and mathematics . In 1991 , Sreenivasan was appointed to the Society of Scholars for Johns Hopkins University . At the American Physical Society ( APS ) , he served as the chair of the Division of Fluid Dynamics , and the founding chairman of the Topical Group in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics . In 1995 , he was awarded the APS Otto Laporte Memorial Award . In 1997 , Sreenivasan became an American citizen . In 2002 , he joined the University of Maryland , College Park and became director of the Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology , which is a part of the University of Maryland College of Computer , Mathematical , and Natural Sciences . That same year , Sreenivasan was named director of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) in Trieste , Italy where he held the Abdus Salam Honorary Professorship . He started the position in March 2003 . While working at ICTP he continued to hold his appointment at the University of Maryland as Glenn L . Martin Professor of Engineering and professor of physics . Also in 2002 , he received the Medal in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World . In 2008 , the American Physical Society awarded him the Dwight Nicholson Medal for human outreach . In 2009 , he was awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science International Scientific Cooperation Award . He received the 2011 Multicultural Leadership Award of the National Diversity Council . He was also awarded the UNESCO Medal for promoting international scientific cooperation and world peace from the World Heritage Centre in Italy . From 2009 until 2011 , Sreenivasan served as senior vice provost for New York University’s Global Network University in science and technology . In 2007 , Sreenivasan was elected to be a member of the National Academy of Sciences . He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 . In November 2012 , he was appointed acting president of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University . He became president and dean of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University and dean of engineering at New York University ( NYU ) , and oversaw the Institutes merger with NYU to become the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering . He is also the executive vice provost in charge of science and technology at NYU . Sreenivasan is the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences . Sreenivasan has been a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology , Rockefeller Institute , the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University , the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge , and the Texas A&M University Institute of Advanced Study . Sreenivasan is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He is a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences , the Indian National Science Academy , the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World , the African Academy of Sciences , and the Accademia die Lincei in Italy . Other activities . He has served on scientific journal editorial boards including American Scientist , Physics of Fluids , Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Physical Review E , Physical Review Letters , Journal of Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics , and the Springer book series on Applied Mathematics . Sreenivasan is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nonlinear Science .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Katepalli Raju Sreenivasan is an aerospace scientist , fluid dynamicist and applied physicist whose research includes physics and applied mathematics . He studies turbulence , nonlinear and statistical physics , astrophysical fluid mechanics , and cryogenic helium . He was the dean of engineering and executive vice provost for science and technology of New York University . Sreenivasan is also the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Tandon School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute",
"title": "K . R . Sreenivasan"
},
{
"text": "of Mathematical Sciences .",
"title": "K . R . Sreenivasan"
},
{
"text": "Sreenivasan earned his bachelors degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering ( UVCE ) , Bangalore University in 1968 . He attended the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , where he was awarded a masters degree in 1970 and doctorate in aerospace engineering in 1975 . His post-doctoral research was at the University of Sydney , the University of Newcastle , and Johns Hopkins University . Sreenivasan was awarded a Honoris Causa masters degree from Yale University in 1985 . In 2006 , he was awarded a Honoris Causa doctorate from University of Lucknow . He",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of Hyderabad in 2007 , and from the Romanian Academy in 2008 .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "In 1979 , he joined the faculty at Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut as assistant professor . In 1985 , he became a full professor . Sreenivasan became chairman of Mechanical Engineering in 1987 . He was appointed the Harold W . Cheel professor of mechanical engineering in 1988 . In 1989 , Sreenivasan was named acting chairman of the council of engineering . He became the Andrew W . Mellon Professor in 1991 . He also served as professor of physics , applied physics and mathematics . In 1991 , Sreenivasan was appointed to the Society of",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Scholars for Johns Hopkins University . At the American Physical Society ( APS ) , he served as the chair of the Division of Fluid Dynamics , and the founding chairman of the Topical Group in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics . In 1995 , he was awarded the APS Otto Laporte Memorial Award . In 1997 , Sreenivasan became an American citizen .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , he joined the University of Maryland , College Park and became director of the Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology , which is a part of the University of Maryland College of Computer , Mathematical , and Natural Sciences . That same year , Sreenivasan was named director of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) in Trieste , Italy where he held the Abdus Salam Honorary Professorship . He started the position in March 2003 . While working at ICTP he continued to hold his appointment at the University of Maryland as",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Glenn L . Martin Professor of Engineering and professor of physics .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Also in 2002 , he received the Medal in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World . In 2008 , the American Physical Society awarded him the Dwight Nicholson Medal for human outreach . In 2009 , he was awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science International Scientific Cooperation Award . He received the 2011 Multicultural Leadership Award of the National Diversity Council . He was also awarded the UNESCO Medal for promoting international scientific cooperation and world peace from the World Heritage Centre in Italy .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 2009 until 2011 , Sreenivasan served as senior vice provost for New York University’s Global Network University in science and technology . In 2007 , Sreenivasan was elected to be a member of the National Academy of Sciences . He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 . In November 2012 , he was appointed acting president of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University . He became president and dean of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University and dean of engineering at New York University ( NYU ) , and oversaw",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "the Institutes merger with NYU to become the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering . He is also the executive vice provost in charge of science and technology at NYU . Sreenivasan is the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Sreenivasan has been a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology , Rockefeller Institute , the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University , the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge , and the Texas A&M University Institute of Advanced Study . Sreenivasan is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He is a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences , the Indian National Science Academy , the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World , the African Academy",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "of Sciences , and the Accademia die Lincei in Italy .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He has served on scientific journal editorial boards including American Scientist , Physics of Fluids , Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Physical Review E , Physical Review Letters , Journal of Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics , and the Springer book series on Applied Mathematics . Sreenivasan is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nonlinear Science .",
"title": "Other activities"
}
] |
/wiki/K._R._Sreenivasan#P463#3
|
What organization or association or team did K. R. Sreenivasan join in 1997?
|
K . R . Sreenivasan Katepalli Raju Sreenivasan is an aerospace scientist , fluid dynamicist and applied physicist whose research includes physics and applied mathematics . He studies turbulence , nonlinear and statistical physics , astrophysical fluid mechanics , and cryogenic helium . He was the dean of engineering and executive vice provost for science and technology of New York University . Sreenivasan is also the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Tandon School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences . Education . Sreenivasan earned his bachelors degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering ( UVCE ) , Bangalore University in 1968 . He attended the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , where he was awarded a masters degree in 1970 and doctorate in aerospace engineering in 1975 . His post-doctoral research was at the University of Sydney , the University of Newcastle , and Johns Hopkins University . Sreenivasan was awarded a Honoris Causa masters degree from Yale University in 1985 . In 2006 , he was awarded a Honoris Causa doctorate from University of Lucknow . He received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of Hyderabad in 2007 , and from the Romanian Academy in 2008 . Career . In 1979 , he joined the faculty at Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut as assistant professor . In 1985 , he became a full professor . Sreenivasan became chairman of Mechanical Engineering in 1987 . He was appointed the Harold W . Cheel professor of mechanical engineering in 1988 . In 1989 , Sreenivasan was named acting chairman of the council of engineering . He became the Andrew W . Mellon Professor in 1991 . He also served as professor of physics , applied physics and mathematics . In 1991 , Sreenivasan was appointed to the Society of Scholars for Johns Hopkins University . At the American Physical Society ( APS ) , he served as the chair of the Division of Fluid Dynamics , and the founding chairman of the Topical Group in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics . In 1995 , he was awarded the APS Otto Laporte Memorial Award . In 1997 , Sreenivasan became an American citizen . In 2002 , he joined the University of Maryland , College Park and became director of the Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology , which is a part of the University of Maryland College of Computer , Mathematical , and Natural Sciences . That same year , Sreenivasan was named director of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) in Trieste , Italy where he held the Abdus Salam Honorary Professorship . He started the position in March 2003 . While working at ICTP he continued to hold his appointment at the University of Maryland as Glenn L . Martin Professor of Engineering and professor of physics . Also in 2002 , he received the Medal in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World . In 2008 , the American Physical Society awarded him the Dwight Nicholson Medal for human outreach . In 2009 , he was awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science International Scientific Cooperation Award . He received the 2011 Multicultural Leadership Award of the National Diversity Council . He was also awarded the UNESCO Medal for promoting international scientific cooperation and world peace from the World Heritage Centre in Italy . From 2009 until 2011 , Sreenivasan served as senior vice provost for New York University’s Global Network University in science and technology . In 2007 , Sreenivasan was elected to be a member of the National Academy of Sciences . He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 . In November 2012 , he was appointed acting president of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University . He became president and dean of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University and dean of engineering at New York University ( NYU ) , and oversaw the Institutes merger with NYU to become the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering . He is also the executive vice provost in charge of science and technology at NYU . Sreenivasan is the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences . Sreenivasan has been a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology , Rockefeller Institute , the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University , the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge , and the Texas A&M University Institute of Advanced Study . Sreenivasan is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He is a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences , the Indian National Science Academy , the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World , the African Academy of Sciences , and the Accademia die Lincei in Italy . Other activities . He has served on scientific journal editorial boards including American Scientist , Physics of Fluids , Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Physical Review E , Physical Review Letters , Journal of Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics , and the Springer book series on Applied Mathematics . Sreenivasan is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nonlinear Science .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Katepalli Raju Sreenivasan is an aerospace scientist , fluid dynamicist and applied physicist whose research includes physics and applied mathematics . He studies turbulence , nonlinear and statistical physics , astrophysical fluid mechanics , and cryogenic helium . He was the dean of engineering and executive vice provost for science and technology of New York University . Sreenivasan is also the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Tandon School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute",
"title": "K . R . Sreenivasan"
},
{
"text": "of Mathematical Sciences .",
"title": "K . R . Sreenivasan"
},
{
"text": "Sreenivasan earned his bachelors degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering ( UVCE ) , Bangalore University in 1968 . He attended the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , where he was awarded a masters degree in 1970 and doctorate in aerospace engineering in 1975 . His post-doctoral research was at the University of Sydney , the University of Newcastle , and Johns Hopkins University . Sreenivasan was awarded a Honoris Causa masters degree from Yale University in 1985 . In 2006 , he was awarded a Honoris Causa doctorate from University of Lucknow . He",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of Hyderabad in 2007 , and from the Romanian Academy in 2008 .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "In 1979 , he joined the faculty at Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut as assistant professor . In 1985 , he became a full professor . Sreenivasan became chairman of Mechanical Engineering in 1987 . He was appointed the Harold W . Cheel professor of mechanical engineering in 1988 . In 1989 , Sreenivasan was named acting chairman of the council of engineering . He became the Andrew W . Mellon Professor in 1991 . He also served as professor of physics , applied physics and mathematics . In 1991 , Sreenivasan was appointed to the Society of",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Scholars for Johns Hopkins University . At the American Physical Society ( APS ) , he served as the chair of the Division of Fluid Dynamics , and the founding chairman of the Topical Group in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics . In 1995 , he was awarded the APS Otto Laporte Memorial Award . In 1997 , Sreenivasan became an American citizen .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , he joined the University of Maryland , College Park and became director of the Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology , which is a part of the University of Maryland College of Computer , Mathematical , and Natural Sciences . That same year , Sreenivasan was named director of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) in Trieste , Italy where he held the Abdus Salam Honorary Professorship . He started the position in March 2003 . While working at ICTP he continued to hold his appointment at the University of Maryland as",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Glenn L . Martin Professor of Engineering and professor of physics .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Also in 2002 , he received the Medal in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World . In 2008 , the American Physical Society awarded him the Dwight Nicholson Medal for human outreach . In 2009 , he was awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science International Scientific Cooperation Award . He received the 2011 Multicultural Leadership Award of the National Diversity Council . He was also awarded the UNESCO Medal for promoting international scientific cooperation and world peace from the World Heritage Centre in Italy .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 2009 until 2011 , Sreenivasan served as senior vice provost for New York University’s Global Network University in science and technology . In 2007 , Sreenivasan was elected to be a member of the National Academy of Sciences . He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 . In November 2012 , he was appointed acting president of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University . He became president and dean of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University and dean of engineering at New York University ( NYU ) , and oversaw",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "the Institutes merger with NYU to become the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering . He is also the executive vice provost in charge of science and technology at NYU . Sreenivasan is the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Sreenivasan has been a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology , Rockefeller Institute , the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University , the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge , and the Texas A&M University Institute of Advanced Study . Sreenivasan is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He is a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences , the Indian National Science Academy , the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World , the African Academy",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "of Sciences , and the Accademia die Lincei in Italy .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He has served on scientific journal editorial boards including American Scientist , Physics of Fluids , Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Physical Review E , Physical Review Letters , Journal of Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics , and the Springer book series on Applied Mathematics . Sreenivasan is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nonlinear Science .",
"title": "Other activities"
}
] |
/wiki/K._R._Sreenivasan#P463#4
|
What organization or association or team did K. R. Sreenivasan join in 1998?
|
K . R . Sreenivasan Katepalli Raju Sreenivasan is an aerospace scientist , fluid dynamicist and applied physicist whose research includes physics and applied mathematics . He studies turbulence , nonlinear and statistical physics , astrophysical fluid mechanics , and cryogenic helium . He was the dean of engineering and executive vice provost for science and technology of New York University . Sreenivasan is also the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Tandon School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences . Education . Sreenivasan earned his bachelors degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering ( UVCE ) , Bangalore University in 1968 . He attended the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , where he was awarded a masters degree in 1970 and doctorate in aerospace engineering in 1975 . His post-doctoral research was at the University of Sydney , the University of Newcastle , and Johns Hopkins University . Sreenivasan was awarded a Honoris Causa masters degree from Yale University in 1985 . In 2006 , he was awarded a Honoris Causa doctorate from University of Lucknow . He received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of Hyderabad in 2007 , and from the Romanian Academy in 2008 . Career . In 1979 , he joined the faculty at Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut as assistant professor . In 1985 , he became a full professor . Sreenivasan became chairman of Mechanical Engineering in 1987 . He was appointed the Harold W . Cheel professor of mechanical engineering in 1988 . In 1989 , Sreenivasan was named acting chairman of the council of engineering . He became the Andrew W . Mellon Professor in 1991 . He also served as professor of physics , applied physics and mathematics . In 1991 , Sreenivasan was appointed to the Society of Scholars for Johns Hopkins University . At the American Physical Society ( APS ) , he served as the chair of the Division of Fluid Dynamics , and the founding chairman of the Topical Group in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics . In 1995 , he was awarded the APS Otto Laporte Memorial Award . In 1997 , Sreenivasan became an American citizen . In 2002 , he joined the University of Maryland , College Park and became director of the Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology , which is a part of the University of Maryland College of Computer , Mathematical , and Natural Sciences . That same year , Sreenivasan was named director of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) in Trieste , Italy where he held the Abdus Salam Honorary Professorship . He started the position in March 2003 . While working at ICTP he continued to hold his appointment at the University of Maryland as Glenn L . Martin Professor of Engineering and professor of physics . Also in 2002 , he received the Medal in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World . In 2008 , the American Physical Society awarded him the Dwight Nicholson Medal for human outreach . In 2009 , he was awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science International Scientific Cooperation Award . He received the 2011 Multicultural Leadership Award of the National Diversity Council . He was also awarded the UNESCO Medal for promoting international scientific cooperation and world peace from the World Heritage Centre in Italy . From 2009 until 2011 , Sreenivasan served as senior vice provost for New York University’s Global Network University in science and technology . In 2007 , Sreenivasan was elected to be a member of the National Academy of Sciences . He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 . In November 2012 , he was appointed acting president of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University . He became president and dean of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University and dean of engineering at New York University ( NYU ) , and oversaw the Institutes merger with NYU to become the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering . He is also the executive vice provost in charge of science and technology at NYU . Sreenivasan is the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences . Sreenivasan has been a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology , Rockefeller Institute , the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University , the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge , and the Texas A&M University Institute of Advanced Study . Sreenivasan is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He is a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences , the Indian National Science Academy , the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World , the African Academy of Sciences , and the Accademia die Lincei in Italy . Other activities . He has served on scientific journal editorial boards including American Scientist , Physics of Fluids , Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Physical Review E , Physical Review Letters , Journal of Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics , and the Springer book series on Applied Mathematics . Sreenivasan is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nonlinear Science .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Katepalli Raju Sreenivasan is an aerospace scientist , fluid dynamicist and applied physicist whose research includes physics and applied mathematics . He studies turbulence , nonlinear and statistical physics , astrophysical fluid mechanics , and cryogenic helium . He was the dean of engineering and executive vice provost for science and technology of New York University . Sreenivasan is also the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Tandon School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute",
"title": "K . R . Sreenivasan"
},
{
"text": "of Mathematical Sciences .",
"title": "K . R . Sreenivasan"
},
{
"text": "Sreenivasan earned his bachelors degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering ( UVCE ) , Bangalore University in 1968 . He attended the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , where he was awarded a masters degree in 1970 and doctorate in aerospace engineering in 1975 . His post-doctoral research was at the University of Sydney , the University of Newcastle , and Johns Hopkins University . Sreenivasan was awarded a Honoris Causa masters degree from Yale University in 1985 . In 2006 , he was awarded a Honoris Causa doctorate from University of Lucknow . He",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of Hyderabad in 2007 , and from the Romanian Academy in 2008 .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "In 1979 , he joined the faculty at Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut as assistant professor . In 1985 , he became a full professor . Sreenivasan became chairman of Mechanical Engineering in 1987 . He was appointed the Harold W . Cheel professor of mechanical engineering in 1988 . In 1989 , Sreenivasan was named acting chairman of the council of engineering . He became the Andrew W . Mellon Professor in 1991 . He also served as professor of physics , applied physics and mathematics . In 1991 , Sreenivasan was appointed to the Society of",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Scholars for Johns Hopkins University . At the American Physical Society ( APS ) , he served as the chair of the Division of Fluid Dynamics , and the founding chairman of the Topical Group in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics . In 1995 , he was awarded the APS Otto Laporte Memorial Award . In 1997 , Sreenivasan became an American citizen .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , he joined the University of Maryland , College Park and became director of the Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology , which is a part of the University of Maryland College of Computer , Mathematical , and Natural Sciences . That same year , Sreenivasan was named director of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) in Trieste , Italy where he held the Abdus Salam Honorary Professorship . He started the position in March 2003 . While working at ICTP he continued to hold his appointment at the University of Maryland as",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Glenn L . Martin Professor of Engineering and professor of physics .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Also in 2002 , he received the Medal in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World . In 2008 , the American Physical Society awarded him the Dwight Nicholson Medal for human outreach . In 2009 , he was awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science International Scientific Cooperation Award . He received the 2011 Multicultural Leadership Award of the National Diversity Council . He was also awarded the UNESCO Medal for promoting international scientific cooperation and world peace from the World Heritage Centre in Italy .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 2009 until 2011 , Sreenivasan served as senior vice provost for New York University’s Global Network University in science and technology . In 2007 , Sreenivasan was elected to be a member of the National Academy of Sciences . He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 . In November 2012 , he was appointed acting president of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University . He became president and dean of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University and dean of engineering at New York University ( NYU ) , and oversaw",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "the Institutes merger with NYU to become the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering . He is also the executive vice provost in charge of science and technology at NYU . Sreenivasan is the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Sreenivasan has been a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology , Rockefeller Institute , the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University , the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge , and the Texas A&M University Institute of Advanced Study . Sreenivasan is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He is a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences , the Indian National Science Academy , the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World , the African Academy",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "of Sciences , and the Accademia die Lincei in Italy .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He has served on scientific journal editorial boards including American Scientist , Physics of Fluids , Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Physical Review E , Physical Review Letters , Journal of Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics , and the Springer book series on Applied Mathematics . Sreenivasan is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nonlinear Science .",
"title": "Other activities"
}
] |
/wiki/K._R._Sreenivasan#P463#5
|
What organization or association or team did K. R. Sreenivasan join in 1999?
|
K . R . Sreenivasan Katepalli Raju Sreenivasan is an aerospace scientist , fluid dynamicist and applied physicist whose research includes physics and applied mathematics . He studies turbulence , nonlinear and statistical physics , astrophysical fluid mechanics , and cryogenic helium . He was the dean of engineering and executive vice provost for science and technology of New York University . Sreenivasan is also the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Tandon School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences . Education . Sreenivasan earned his bachelors degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering ( UVCE ) , Bangalore University in 1968 . He attended the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , where he was awarded a masters degree in 1970 and doctorate in aerospace engineering in 1975 . His post-doctoral research was at the University of Sydney , the University of Newcastle , and Johns Hopkins University . Sreenivasan was awarded a Honoris Causa masters degree from Yale University in 1985 . In 2006 , he was awarded a Honoris Causa doctorate from University of Lucknow . He received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of Hyderabad in 2007 , and from the Romanian Academy in 2008 . Career . In 1979 , he joined the faculty at Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut as assistant professor . In 1985 , he became a full professor . Sreenivasan became chairman of Mechanical Engineering in 1987 . He was appointed the Harold W . Cheel professor of mechanical engineering in 1988 . In 1989 , Sreenivasan was named acting chairman of the council of engineering . He became the Andrew W . Mellon Professor in 1991 . He also served as professor of physics , applied physics and mathematics . In 1991 , Sreenivasan was appointed to the Society of Scholars for Johns Hopkins University . At the American Physical Society ( APS ) , he served as the chair of the Division of Fluid Dynamics , and the founding chairman of the Topical Group in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics . In 1995 , he was awarded the APS Otto Laporte Memorial Award . In 1997 , Sreenivasan became an American citizen . In 2002 , he joined the University of Maryland , College Park and became director of the Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology , which is a part of the University of Maryland College of Computer , Mathematical , and Natural Sciences . That same year , Sreenivasan was named director of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) in Trieste , Italy where he held the Abdus Salam Honorary Professorship . He started the position in March 2003 . While working at ICTP he continued to hold his appointment at the University of Maryland as Glenn L . Martin Professor of Engineering and professor of physics . Also in 2002 , he received the Medal in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World . In 2008 , the American Physical Society awarded him the Dwight Nicholson Medal for human outreach . In 2009 , he was awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science International Scientific Cooperation Award . He received the 2011 Multicultural Leadership Award of the National Diversity Council . He was also awarded the UNESCO Medal for promoting international scientific cooperation and world peace from the World Heritage Centre in Italy . From 2009 until 2011 , Sreenivasan served as senior vice provost for New York University’s Global Network University in science and technology . In 2007 , Sreenivasan was elected to be a member of the National Academy of Sciences . He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 . In November 2012 , he was appointed acting president of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University . He became president and dean of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University and dean of engineering at New York University ( NYU ) , and oversaw the Institutes merger with NYU to become the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering . He is also the executive vice provost in charge of science and technology at NYU . Sreenivasan is the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences . Sreenivasan has been a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology , Rockefeller Institute , the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University , the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge , and the Texas A&M University Institute of Advanced Study . Sreenivasan is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He is a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences , the Indian National Science Academy , the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World , the African Academy of Sciences , and the Accademia die Lincei in Italy . Other activities . He has served on scientific journal editorial boards including American Scientist , Physics of Fluids , Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Physical Review E , Physical Review Letters , Journal of Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics , and the Springer book series on Applied Mathematics . Sreenivasan is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nonlinear Science .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Katepalli Raju Sreenivasan is an aerospace scientist , fluid dynamicist and applied physicist whose research includes physics and applied mathematics . He studies turbulence , nonlinear and statistical physics , astrophysical fluid mechanics , and cryogenic helium . He was the dean of engineering and executive vice provost for science and technology of New York University . Sreenivasan is also the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Tandon School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute",
"title": "K . R . Sreenivasan"
},
{
"text": "of Mathematical Sciences .",
"title": "K . R . Sreenivasan"
},
{
"text": "Sreenivasan earned his bachelors degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering ( UVCE ) , Bangalore University in 1968 . He attended the Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , where he was awarded a masters degree in 1970 and doctorate in aerospace engineering in 1975 . His post-doctoral research was at the University of Sydney , the University of Newcastle , and Johns Hopkins University . Sreenivasan was awarded a Honoris Causa masters degree from Yale University in 1985 . In 2006 , he was awarded a Honoris Causa doctorate from University of Lucknow . He",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of Hyderabad in 2007 , and from the Romanian Academy in 2008 .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "In 1979 , he joined the faculty at Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut as assistant professor . In 1985 , he became a full professor . Sreenivasan became chairman of Mechanical Engineering in 1987 . He was appointed the Harold W . Cheel professor of mechanical engineering in 1988 . In 1989 , Sreenivasan was named acting chairman of the council of engineering . He became the Andrew W . Mellon Professor in 1991 . He also served as professor of physics , applied physics and mathematics . In 1991 , Sreenivasan was appointed to the Society of",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Scholars for Johns Hopkins University . At the American Physical Society ( APS ) , he served as the chair of the Division of Fluid Dynamics , and the founding chairman of the Topical Group in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics . In 1995 , he was awarded the APS Otto Laporte Memorial Award . In 1997 , Sreenivasan became an American citizen .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , he joined the University of Maryland , College Park and became director of the Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology , which is a part of the University of Maryland College of Computer , Mathematical , and Natural Sciences . That same year , Sreenivasan was named director of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) in Trieste , Italy where he held the Abdus Salam Honorary Professorship . He started the position in March 2003 . While working at ICTP he continued to hold his appointment at the University of Maryland as",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Glenn L . Martin Professor of Engineering and professor of physics .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Also in 2002 , he received the Medal in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World . In 2008 , the American Physical Society awarded him the Dwight Nicholson Medal for human outreach . In 2009 , he was awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science International Scientific Cooperation Award . He received the 2011 Multicultural Leadership Award of the National Diversity Council . He was also awarded the UNESCO Medal for promoting international scientific cooperation and world peace from the World Heritage Centre in Italy .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "From 2009 until 2011 , Sreenivasan served as senior vice provost for New York University’s Global Network University in science and technology . In 2007 , Sreenivasan was elected to be a member of the National Academy of Sciences . He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 . In November 2012 , he was appointed acting president of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University . He became president and dean of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University and dean of engineering at New York University ( NYU ) , and oversaw",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "the Institutes merger with NYU to become the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering . He is also the executive vice provost in charge of science and technology at NYU . Sreenivasan is the Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering at New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , and a professor of physics and mathematics professor at the New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Sreenivasan has been a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology , Rockefeller Institute , the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University , the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge , and the Texas A&M University Institute of Advanced Study . Sreenivasan is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He is a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences , the Indian National Science Academy , the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World , the African Academy",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "of Sciences , and the Accademia die Lincei in Italy .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " He has served on scientific journal editorial boards including American Scientist , Physics of Fluids , Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Physical Review E , Physical Review Letters , Journal of Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics , and the Springer book series on Applied Mathematics . Sreenivasan is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nonlinear Science .",
"title": "Other activities"
}
] |
/wiki/Media_Watch_(TV_program)#P371#0
|
Media Watch (TV program) was presented by whom before May 1989?
|
Media Watch ( TV program ) Media Watch is an Australian media analysis television program currently presented by Paul Barry for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . The program focuses on critiquing the Australian media together with interconnections including political . In 1999 , Media Watch played a key role in revealing the unethical behaviour of radio talkback hosts , which became known as the cash for comment affair and was the subject of an investigation by what was then the Australian Broadcasting Authority ( ABA ) . Format . Media Watch is a 15-minute program which identifies , investigates and examines instances of what the program determines to be failings in news coverage by Australian media outlets . The series features a single host speaking directly to camera , detailing a mix of amusing or embarrassing editing gaffes ( such as miscaptioned photographs or spelling errors ) as well as more serious criticism including media bias and breaches of journalistic ethics and standards . Over the years , the programs emphasis has shifted towards the latter . Although most episodes of Media Watch focus on any recent incidents of media misconduct , episodes sometimes focus on a single issue of particular importance ( for instance , news coverage of a recent election ) . Presenters . Stuart Littlemore was the inaugural host of Media Watch and remains the longest-running host to date . Following his nine-year tenure , various other journalists have hosted the program . Paul Barry , who previously hosted the program in 2000 and for a brief period in 2010 , resumed hosting duties in 2013 . - Stuart Littlemore ( 1989–97 ) - Richard Ackland ( 1998–99 ) - David Marr ( 2002–04 ) - Liz Jackson ( 2005 ) - Monica Attard ( 2006–07 ) - Jonathan Holmes ( 2008–13 ) - Paul Barry ( 2000 , 2010 , 2013– ) Notable pieces . Cash for comment . In 1999 , Media Watch revealed that influential talkback radio hosts Alan Jones and John Laws had been paid to provide favourable on-air comment about companies such as Qantas , Optus , Foxtel and Mirvac without disclosing these arrangements to listeners . It also persistently criticised the then Australian Broadcasting Authority ( superseded by the Australian Communications and Media Authority , or ACMA , in 2005 ) as impotent or unwilling to regulate broadcast media , and to properly scrutinise figures such as Jones and Laws . The revelations won Media Watch staffers Richard Ackland , Deborah Richards and Anne Connolly two Walkley Awards : the Gold Walkley , and the Walkley for TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 10 Minutes ) . In 2004 , Media Watch played a major part in forcing the resignation of ABA head David Flint after it was discovered that Flint had sent Jones admiring and effusive letters at a time when the ABA was investigating Jones concerning further cash for comment allegations . The reports won Media Watch another Walkley , TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 20 Minutes ) to staffers David Marr , Peter McEvoy and Sally Virgoe . 60 Minutes 1995 massacre at Srebrenica story . In 2002 , Channel Nine 60 Minutes reporter Richard Carleton sued Media Watch over allegations of plagiarism . The judge found that the allegations were untrue and declined to award any damages . The ABC World Today reported on 18 December 2002 : The veteran reporter was horrified to see Media Watch accuse him of plagiarising a BBC documentary on the 1995 massacre at Srebrenica for his Channel Nine program . But today a judge ruled that even though the program did defame Mr Richard Carleton and two colleagues , it was fair comment and no damages were awarded . The Truth Behind Tuam . In June 2014 , Media Watch examined false claims of a mass grave being discovered in County Galway , on the west coast of Ireland , found on the site of an old mother and baby home run by nuns in the town of Tuam . The story was repeated by global broadcasters including the ABC . In his editorial about the incident , Barry concluded , So why did the media fall for it ? .. . [ I ] t matched our prejudices . And it made such great headlines , it was really too good to check . And who cared if it suggested those nuns were mass murderers ? Cancellation and return . Media Watchs ability to generate controversy led to the temporary cancellation of the show . In 2000 , Barry was controversially sacked and , in 2001 , the program itself was axed by Jonathan Shier , the head of the ABC . However , in early 2002 , after Shier was himself sacked in similarly controversial circumstances , the show returned with David Marr as the new host . While Media Watch was off air , former host Stuart Littlemore presented a replacement program , Littlemore , that also examined issues about the media , running for 13 episodes between March and May 2001 . Media Bites . Starting in 2017 in conjunction with Media Watchs return , a weekly online spin-off series , Media Bites , was created . A new episode is uploaded every Thursday to the programs website , social media outlets , iView and ABCs official YouTube channel , each episode running for about two minutes . Unlike the main show , Media Bites is more casual in presentation , and Barry sits in the production office ( not a studio ) talking to the camera in a position similar to many online vloggers . Barry is often in more casual clothing using the light source of the office instead of professional lighting . Each episode has the same format , two mini-stories and the weeks alternative fact . The mini-stories are in essence a shorter version of the main series in-depth format , introducing the story and explaining the problem . For example , a story where Womans Day ran an article about Paul Hogans ex-wife ( Noelene Hogan ) in which , using a photo of Noelene with her son , the article incorrectly portrays the son as her deceased partner Reg , stating the couple were a cute pair , only to be corrected by a tweet from a family member . The Alternative Fact of the Week points out an incorrect or baffling tidbit , often involving US President Donald Trump . Episodes conclude with a teaser for the following episode of the main show . The episodes contain the same sarcasm and quips from Barry as does the main show . Episodes are edited in a similar fashion to the main show , with relevant corresponding images , text and effects relating to his narration . The stand-out difference in editing is that subtitles are permanently part of the video along the bottom of the screen , instead of being an optional closed caption . Reception . The shows presenters have taken some pride in the vehemence of the criticism it attracts ; at one point , the opening credits were made up of a montage of such criticisms , prominently featuring a description of original presenter Stuart Littlemore as a pompous git . In 2002 , the then-editor of The Daily Telegraph , Campbell Reid , sent host David Marr a dead fish ; a replica of it is now awarded as the Campbell Reid Perpetual Trophy for the Brazen Recycling of Other Peoples Work . Known as The Barra and bearing the motto Carpe Verbatim , it is awarded annually for bad journalism and particularly plagiarism ( a practice for which Reid was frequently criticised ) . Media Watch scrutinises all media outlets , and has criticised its own network , the ABC . When Marr was host from 2002 to 2004 , the show often criticised Marrs employer John Fairfax Holdings . Robert Manne , writing in The Age in 2007 , commented that : Media Watch was once , unashamedly , a program of the left.. . was sometimes unbalanced and unfair , usually intelligent and witty , always fearless and tough . No program more effectively tracked the steady drift of the political culture to the right . No program more effectively scrutinised the politics and practices of the contemporary commercial mainstream media—the rise of commentariat Islamophobia , the scandal of cash for comment . The fact that it was not impartial was the key to its unpopularity in certain quarters , but also to its importance and success . Media analysis programs and segments on Sky News Australia also describe the program as having consistent left wing bias , but see this as a weakness and not a strength of the program . Following the 2019 federal election , Sky News Australia media analyst Chris Kenny wrote for The Australian that the programs reliance on Labor Party or trade union-aligned journalists to criticise News Limited , coupled with a failure to disclose those associations , undermines the credibility of host Barrys editorials against News Limited . The Australian , which is regularly criticised by Media Watch , has been a long-term counter-critic of the show . In August 2007 it editorialised that Media Watch lacks journalistic integrity and conducts its affairs along the lines of an insiders club that pushes its ideological prejudice at taxpayers expense . In June 2007 , an episode of Media Watch entitled Have Your Spray strongly criticised The Daily Telegraph , among others , for failing to censor racist comments on their website forums posted over an extended period , but then allowed strongly anti-Semitic comments to remain on its own web forum for a few minutes until removed . The ABC later launched an internal inquiry into Media Watch reliance on IslamicSydney , an Islamic website that peddle [ s ] anti-Semitic and jihadi messages , for this story .
|
[
"Stuart Littlemore"
] |
[
{
"text": " Media Watch is an Australian media analysis television program currently presented by Paul Barry for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . The program focuses on critiquing the Australian media together with interconnections including political . In 1999 , Media Watch played a key role in revealing the unethical behaviour of radio talkback hosts , which became known as the cash for comment affair and was the subject of an investigation by what was then the Australian Broadcasting Authority ( ABA ) .",
"title": "Media Watch ( TV program )"
},
{
"text": " Media Watch is a 15-minute program which identifies , investigates and examines instances of what the program determines to be failings in news coverage by Australian media outlets . The series features a single host speaking directly to camera , detailing a mix of amusing or embarrassing editing gaffes ( such as miscaptioned photographs or spelling errors ) as well as more serious criticism including media bias and breaches of journalistic ethics and standards . Over the years , the programs emphasis has shifted towards the latter .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": "Although most episodes of Media Watch focus on any recent incidents of media misconduct , episodes sometimes focus on a single issue of particular importance ( for instance , news coverage of a recent election ) .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": " Stuart Littlemore was the inaugural host of Media Watch and remains the longest-running host to date . Following his nine-year tenure , various other journalists have hosted the program . Paul Barry , who previously hosted the program in 2000 and for a brief period in 2010 , resumed hosting duties in 2013 . - Stuart Littlemore ( 1989–97 ) - Richard Ackland ( 1998–99 ) - David Marr ( 2002–04 ) - Liz Jackson ( 2005 ) - Monica Attard ( 2006–07 ) - Jonathan Holmes ( 2008–13 )",
"title": "Presenters"
},
{
"text": "- Paul Barry ( 2000 , 2010 , 2013– )",
"title": "Presenters"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , Media Watch revealed that influential talkback radio hosts Alan Jones and John Laws had been paid to provide favourable on-air comment about companies such as Qantas , Optus , Foxtel and Mirvac without disclosing these arrangements to listeners . It also persistently criticised the then Australian Broadcasting Authority ( superseded by the Australian Communications and Media Authority , or ACMA , in 2005 ) as impotent or unwilling to regulate broadcast media , and to properly scrutinise figures such as Jones and Laws . The revelations won Media Watch staffers Richard Ackland , Deborah Richards and Anne",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "Connolly two Walkley Awards : the Gold Walkley , and the Walkley for TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 10 Minutes ) . In 2004 , Media Watch played a major part in forcing the resignation of ABA head David Flint after it was discovered that Flint had sent Jones admiring and effusive letters at a time when the ABA was investigating Jones concerning further cash for comment allegations . The reports won Media Watch another Walkley , TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 20 Minutes ) to staffers David Marr , Peter McEvoy and Sally Virgoe .",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , Channel Nine 60 Minutes reporter Richard Carleton sued Media Watch over allegations of plagiarism . The judge found that the allegations were untrue and declined to award any damages . The ABC World Today reported on 18 December 2002 : The veteran reporter was horrified to see Media Watch accuse him of plagiarising a BBC documentary on the 1995 massacre at Srebrenica for his Channel Nine program . But today a judge ruled that even though the program did defame Mr Richard Carleton and two colleagues , it was fair comment and no damages were awarded .",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "In June 2014 , Media Watch examined false claims of a mass grave being discovered in County Galway , on the west coast of Ireland , found on the site of an old mother and baby home run by nuns in the town of Tuam . The story was repeated by global broadcasters including the ABC . In his editorial about the incident , Barry concluded , So why did the media fall for it ? .. . [ I ] t matched our prejudices . And it made such great headlines , it was really too good to check",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": ". And who cared if it suggested those nuns were mass murderers ?",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "Media Watchs ability to generate controversy led to the temporary cancellation of the show . In 2000 , Barry was controversially sacked and , in 2001 , the program itself was axed by Jonathan Shier , the head of the ABC . However , in early 2002 , after Shier was himself sacked in similarly controversial circumstances , the show returned with David Marr as the new host . While Media Watch was off air , former host Stuart Littlemore presented a replacement program , Littlemore , that also examined issues about the media , running for 13 episodes between",
"title": "Cancellation and return"
},
{
"text": "March and May 2001 .",
"title": "Cancellation and return"
},
{
"text": "Starting in 2017 in conjunction with Media Watchs return , a weekly online spin-off series , Media Bites , was created . A new episode is uploaded every Thursday to the programs website , social media outlets , iView and ABCs official YouTube channel , each episode running for about two minutes . Unlike the main show , Media Bites is more casual in presentation , and Barry sits in the production office ( not a studio ) talking to the camera in a position similar to many online vloggers . Barry is often in more casual clothing using the",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "light source of the office instead of professional lighting .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "Each episode has the same format , two mini-stories and the weeks alternative fact . The mini-stories are in essence a shorter version of the main series in-depth format , introducing the story and explaining the problem . For example , a story where Womans Day ran an article about Paul Hogans ex-wife ( Noelene Hogan ) in which , using a photo of Noelene with her son , the article incorrectly portrays the son as her deceased partner Reg , stating the couple were a cute pair , only to be corrected by a tweet from a family member",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": ". The Alternative Fact of the Week points out an incorrect or baffling tidbit , often involving US President Donald Trump . Episodes conclude with a teaser for the following episode of the main show . The episodes contain the same sarcasm and quips from Barry as does the main show .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": " Episodes are edited in a similar fashion to the main show , with relevant corresponding images , text and effects relating to his narration . The stand-out difference in editing is that subtitles are permanently part of the video along the bottom of the screen , instead of being an optional closed caption .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "The shows presenters have taken some pride in the vehemence of the criticism it attracts ; at one point , the opening credits were made up of a montage of such criticisms , prominently featuring a description of original presenter Stuart Littlemore as a pompous git . In 2002 , the then-editor of The Daily Telegraph , Campbell Reid , sent host David Marr a dead fish ; a replica of it is now awarded as the Campbell Reid Perpetual Trophy for the Brazen Recycling of Other Peoples Work . Known as The Barra and bearing the motto Carpe Verbatim",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": ", it is awarded annually for bad journalism and particularly plagiarism ( a practice for which Reid was frequently criticised ) .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Media Watch scrutinises all media outlets , and has criticised its own network , the ABC . When Marr was host from 2002 to 2004 , the show often criticised Marrs employer John Fairfax Holdings . Robert Manne , writing in The Age in 2007 , commented that :",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": "Media Watch was once , unashamedly , a program of the left.. . was sometimes unbalanced and unfair , usually intelligent and witty , always fearless and tough . No program more effectively tracked the steady drift of the political culture to the right . No program more effectively scrutinised the politics and practices of the contemporary commercial mainstream media—the rise of commentariat Islamophobia , the scandal of cash for comment . The fact that it was not impartial was the key to its unpopularity in certain quarters , but also to its importance and success .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Media analysis programs and segments on Sky News Australia also describe the program as having consistent left wing bias , but see this as a weakness and not a strength of the program . Following the 2019 federal election , Sky News Australia media analyst Chris Kenny wrote for The Australian that the programs reliance on Labor Party or trade union-aligned journalists to criticise News Limited , coupled with a failure to disclose those associations , undermines the credibility of host Barrys editorials against News Limited .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": "The Australian , which is regularly criticised by Media Watch , has been a long-term counter-critic of the show . In August 2007 it editorialised that Media Watch lacks journalistic integrity and conducts its affairs along the lines of an insiders club that pushes its ideological prejudice at taxpayers expense .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " In June 2007 , an episode of Media Watch entitled Have Your Spray strongly criticised The Daily Telegraph , among others , for failing to censor racist comments on their website forums posted over an extended period , but then allowed strongly anti-Semitic comments to remain on its own web forum for a few minutes until removed . The ABC later launched an internal inquiry into Media Watch reliance on IslamicSydney , an Islamic website that peddle [ s ] anti-Semitic and jihadi messages , for this story .",
"title": "Reception"
}
] |
/wiki/Media_Watch_(TV_program)#P371#1
|
Media Watch (TV program) was presented by whom between Jun 1998 and Oct 1998?
|
Media Watch ( TV program ) Media Watch is an Australian media analysis television program currently presented by Paul Barry for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . The program focuses on critiquing the Australian media together with interconnections including political . In 1999 , Media Watch played a key role in revealing the unethical behaviour of radio talkback hosts , which became known as the cash for comment affair and was the subject of an investigation by what was then the Australian Broadcasting Authority ( ABA ) . Format . Media Watch is a 15-minute program which identifies , investigates and examines instances of what the program determines to be failings in news coverage by Australian media outlets . The series features a single host speaking directly to camera , detailing a mix of amusing or embarrassing editing gaffes ( such as miscaptioned photographs or spelling errors ) as well as more serious criticism including media bias and breaches of journalistic ethics and standards . Over the years , the programs emphasis has shifted towards the latter . Although most episodes of Media Watch focus on any recent incidents of media misconduct , episodes sometimes focus on a single issue of particular importance ( for instance , news coverage of a recent election ) . Presenters . Stuart Littlemore was the inaugural host of Media Watch and remains the longest-running host to date . Following his nine-year tenure , various other journalists have hosted the program . Paul Barry , who previously hosted the program in 2000 and for a brief period in 2010 , resumed hosting duties in 2013 . - Stuart Littlemore ( 1989–97 ) - Richard Ackland ( 1998–99 ) - David Marr ( 2002–04 ) - Liz Jackson ( 2005 ) - Monica Attard ( 2006–07 ) - Jonathan Holmes ( 2008–13 ) - Paul Barry ( 2000 , 2010 , 2013– ) Notable pieces . Cash for comment . In 1999 , Media Watch revealed that influential talkback radio hosts Alan Jones and John Laws had been paid to provide favourable on-air comment about companies such as Qantas , Optus , Foxtel and Mirvac without disclosing these arrangements to listeners . It also persistently criticised the then Australian Broadcasting Authority ( superseded by the Australian Communications and Media Authority , or ACMA , in 2005 ) as impotent or unwilling to regulate broadcast media , and to properly scrutinise figures such as Jones and Laws . The revelations won Media Watch staffers Richard Ackland , Deborah Richards and Anne Connolly two Walkley Awards : the Gold Walkley , and the Walkley for TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 10 Minutes ) . In 2004 , Media Watch played a major part in forcing the resignation of ABA head David Flint after it was discovered that Flint had sent Jones admiring and effusive letters at a time when the ABA was investigating Jones concerning further cash for comment allegations . The reports won Media Watch another Walkley , TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 20 Minutes ) to staffers David Marr , Peter McEvoy and Sally Virgoe . 60 Minutes 1995 massacre at Srebrenica story . In 2002 , Channel Nine 60 Minutes reporter Richard Carleton sued Media Watch over allegations of plagiarism . The judge found that the allegations were untrue and declined to award any damages . The ABC World Today reported on 18 December 2002 : The veteran reporter was horrified to see Media Watch accuse him of plagiarising a BBC documentary on the 1995 massacre at Srebrenica for his Channel Nine program . But today a judge ruled that even though the program did defame Mr Richard Carleton and two colleagues , it was fair comment and no damages were awarded . The Truth Behind Tuam . In June 2014 , Media Watch examined false claims of a mass grave being discovered in County Galway , on the west coast of Ireland , found on the site of an old mother and baby home run by nuns in the town of Tuam . The story was repeated by global broadcasters including the ABC . In his editorial about the incident , Barry concluded , So why did the media fall for it ? .. . [ I ] t matched our prejudices . And it made such great headlines , it was really too good to check . And who cared if it suggested those nuns were mass murderers ? Cancellation and return . Media Watchs ability to generate controversy led to the temporary cancellation of the show . In 2000 , Barry was controversially sacked and , in 2001 , the program itself was axed by Jonathan Shier , the head of the ABC . However , in early 2002 , after Shier was himself sacked in similarly controversial circumstances , the show returned with David Marr as the new host . While Media Watch was off air , former host Stuart Littlemore presented a replacement program , Littlemore , that also examined issues about the media , running for 13 episodes between March and May 2001 . Media Bites . Starting in 2017 in conjunction with Media Watchs return , a weekly online spin-off series , Media Bites , was created . A new episode is uploaded every Thursday to the programs website , social media outlets , iView and ABCs official YouTube channel , each episode running for about two minutes . Unlike the main show , Media Bites is more casual in presentation , and Barry sits in the production office ( not a studio ) talking to the camera in a position similar to many online vloggers . Barry is often in more casual clothing using the light source of the office instead of professional lighting . Each episode has the same format , two mini-stories and the weeks alternative fact . The mini-stories are in essence a shorter version of the main series in-depth format , introducing the story and explaining the problem . For example , a story where Womans Day ran an article about Paul Hogans ex-wife ( Noelene Hogan ) in which , using a photo of Noelene with her son , the article incorrectly portrays the son as her deceased partner Reg , stating the couple were a cute pair , only to be corrected by a tweet from a family member . The Alternative Fact of the Week points out an incorrect or baffling tidbit , often involving US President Donald Trump . Episodes conclude with a teaser for the following episode of the main show . The episodes contain the same sarcasm and quips from Barry as does the main show . Episodes are edited in a similar fashion to the main show , with relevant corresponding images , text and effects relating to his narration . The stand-out difference in editing is that subtitles are permanently part of the video along the bottom of the screen , instead of being an optional closed caption . Reception . The shows presenters have taken some pride in the vehemence of the criticism it attracts ; at one point , the opening credits were made up of a montage of such criticisms , prominently featuring a description of original presenter Stuart Littlemore as a pompous git . In 2002 , the then-editor of The Daily Telegraph , Campbell Reid , sent host David Marr a dead fish ; a replica of it is now awarded as the Campbell Reid Perpetual Trophy for the Brazen Recycling of Other Peoples Work . Known as The Barra and bearing the motto Carpe Verbatim , it is awarded annually for bad journalism and particularly plagiarism ( a practice for which Reid was frequently criticised ) . Media Watch scrutinises all media outlets , and has criticised its own network , the ABC . When Marr was host from 2002 to 2004 , the show often criticised Marrs employer John Fairfax Holdings . Robert Manne , writing in The Age in 2007 , commented that : Media Watch was once , unashamedly , a program of the left.. . was sometimes unbalanced and unfair , usually intelligent and witty , always fearless and tough . No program more effectively tracked the steady drift of the political culture to the right . No program more effectively scrutinised the politics and practices of the contemporary commercial mainstream media—the rise of commentariat Islamophobia , the scandal of cash for comment . The fact that it was not impartial was the key to its unpopularity in certain quarters , but also to its importance and success . Media analysis programs and segments on Sky News Australia also describe the program as having consistent left wing bias , but see this as a weakness and not a strength of the program . Following the 2019 federal election , Sky News Australia media analyst Chris Kenny wrote for The Australian that the programs reliance on Labor Party or trade union-aligned journalists to criticise News Limited , coupled with a failure to disclose those associations , undermines the credibility of host Barrys editorials against News Limited . The Australian , which is regularly criticised by Media Watch , has been a long-term counter-critic of the show . In August 2007 it editorialised that Media Watch lacks journalistic integrity and conducts its affairs along the lines of an insiders club that pushes its ideological prejudice at taxpayers expense . In June 2007 , an episode of Media Watch entitled Have Your Spray strongly criticised The Daily Telegraph , among others , for failing to censor racist comments on their website forums posted over an extended period , but then allowed strongly anti-Semitic comments to remain on its own web forum for a few minutes until removed . The ABC later launched an internal inquiry into Media Watch reliance on IslamicSydney , an Islamic website that peddle [ s ] anti-Semitic and jihadi messages , for this story .
|
[
"Richard Ackland"
] |
[
{
"text": " Media Watch is an Australian media analysis television program currently presented by Paul Barry for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . The program focuses on critiquing the Australian media together with interconnections including political . In 1999 , Media Watch played a key role in revealing the unethical behaviour of radio talkback hosts , which became known as the cash for comment affair and was the subject of an investigation by what was then the Australian Broadcasting Authority ( ABA ) .",
"title": "Media Watch ( TV program )"
},
{
"text": " Media Watch is a 15-minute program which identifies , investigates and examines instances of what the program determines to be failings in news coverage by Australian media outlets . The series features a single host speaking directly to camera , detailing a mix of amusing or embarrassing editing gaffes ( such as miscaptioned photographs or spelling errors ) as well as more serious criticism including media bias and breaches of journalistic ethics and standards . Over the years , the programs emphasis has shifted towards the latter .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": "Although most episodes of Media Watch focus on any recent incidents of media misconduct , episodes sometimes focus on a single issue of particular importance ( for instance , news coverage of a recent election ) .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": " Stuart Littlemore was the inaugural host of Media Watch and remains the longest-running host to date . Following his nine-year tenure , various other journalists have hosted the program . Paul Barry , who previously hosted the program in 2000 and for a brief period in 2010 , resumed hosting duties in 2013 . - Stuart Littlemore ( 1989–97 ) - Richard Ackland ( 1998–99 ) - David Marr ( 2002–04 ) - Liz Jackson ( 2005 ) - Monica Attard ( 2006–07 ) - Jonathan Holmes ( 2008–13 )",
"title": "Presenters"
},
{
"text": "- Paul Barry ( 2000 , 2010 , 2013– )",
"title": "Presenters"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , Media Watch revealed that influential talkback radio hosts Alan Jones and John Laws had been paid to provide favourable on-air comment about companies such as Qantas , Optus , Foxtel and Mirvac without disclosing these arrangements to listeners . It also persistently criticised the then Australian Broadcasting Authority ( superseded by the Australian Communications and Media Authority , or ACMA , in 2005 ) as impotent or unwilling to regulate broadcast media , and to properly scrutinise figures such as Jones and Laws . The revelations won Media Watch staffers Richard Ackland , Deborah Richards and Anne",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "Connolly two Walkley Awards : the Gold Walkley , and the Walkley for TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 10 Minutes ) . In 2004 , Media Watch played a major part in forcing the resignation of ABA head David Flint after it was discovered that Flint had sent Jones admiring and effusive letters at a time when the ABA was investigating Jones concerning further cash for comment allegations . The reports won Media Watch another Walkley , TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 20 Minutes ) to staffers David Marr , Peter McEvoy and Sally Virgoe .",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , Channel Nine 60 Minutes reporter Richard Carleton sued Media Watch over allegations of plagiarism . The judge found that the allegations were untrue and declined to award any damages . The ABC World Today reported on 18 December 2002 : The veteran reporter was horrified to see Media Watch accuse him of plagiarising a BBC documentary on the 1995 massacre at Srebrenica for his Channel Nine program . But today a judge ruled that even though the program did defame Mr Richard Carleton and two colleagues , it was fair comment and no damages were awarded .",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "In June 2014 , Media Watch examined false claims of a mass grave being discovered in County Galway , on the west coast of Ireland , found on the site of an old mother and baby home run by nuns in the town of Tuam . The story was repeated by global broadcasters including the ABC . In his editorial about the incident , Barry concluded , So why did the media fall for it ? .. . [ I ] t matched our prejudices . And it made such great headlines , it was really too good to check",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": ". And who cared if it suggested those nuns were mass murderers ?",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "Media Watchs ability to generate controversy led to the temporary cancellation of the show . In 2000 , Barry was controversially sacked and , in 2001 , the program itself was axed by Jonathan Shier , the head of the ABC . However , in early 2002 , after Shier was himself sacked in similarly controversial circumstances , the show returned with David Marr as the new host . While Media Watch was off air , former host Stuart Littlemore presented a replacement program , Littlemore , that also examined issues about the media , running for 13 episodes between",
"title": "Cancellation and return"
},
{
"text": "March and May 2001 .",
"title": "Cancellation and return"
},
{
"text": "Starting in 2017 in conjunction with Media Watchs return , a weekly online spin-off series , Media Bites , was created . A new episode is uploaded every Thursday to the programs website , social media outlets , iView and ABCs official YouTube channel , each episode running for about two minutes . Unlike the main show , Media Bites is more casual in presentation , and Barry sits in the production office ( not a studio ) talking to the camera in a position similar to many online vloggers . Barry is often in more casual clothing using the",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "light source of the office instead of professional lighting .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "Each episode has the same format , two mini-stories and the weeks alternative fact . The mini-stories are in essence a shorter version of the main series in-depth format , introducing the story and explaining the problem . For example , a story where Womans Day ran an article about Paul Hogans ex-wife ( Noelene Hogan ) in which , using a photo of Noelene with her son , the article incorrectly portrays the son as her deceased partner Reg , stating the couple were a cute pair , only to be corrected by a tweet from a family member",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": ". The Alternative Fact of the Week points out an incorrect or baffling tidbit , often involving US President Donald Trump . Episodes conclude with a teaser for the following episode of the main show . The episodes contain the same sarcasm and quips from Barry as does the main show .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": " Episodes are edited in a similar fashion to the main show , with relevant corresponding images , text and effects relating to his narration . The stand-out difference in editing is that subtitles are permanently part of the video along the bottom of the screen , instead of being an optional closed caption .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "The shows presenters have taken some pride in the vehemence of the criticism it attracts ; at one point , the opening credits were made up of a montage of such criticisms , prominently featuring a description of original presenter Stuart Littlemore as a pompous git . In 2002 , the then-editor of The Daily Telegraph , Campbell Reid , sent host David Marr a dead fish ; a replica of it is now awarded as the Campbell Reid Perpetual Trophy for the Brazen Recycling of Other Peoples Work . Known as The Barra and bearing the motto Carpe Verbatim",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": ", it is awarded annually for bad journalism and particularly plagiarism ( a practice for which Reid was frequently criticised ) .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Media Watch scrutinises all media outlets , and has criticised its own network , the ABC . When Marr was host from 2002 to 2004 , the show often criticised Marrs employer John Fairfax Holdings . Robert Manne , writing in The Age in 2007 , commented that :",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": "Media Watch was once , unashamedly , a program of the left.. . was sometimes unbalanced and unfair , usually intelligent and witty , always fearless and tough . No program more effectively tracked the steady drift of the political culture to the right . No program more effectively scrutinised the politics and practices of the contemporary commercial mainstream media—the rise of commentariat Islamophobia , the scandal of cash for comment . The fact that it was not impartial was the key to its unpopularity in certain quarters , but also to its importance and success .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Media analysis programs and segments on Sky News Australia also describe the program as having consistent left wing bias , but see this as a weakness and not a strength of the program . Following the 2019 federal election , Sky News Australia media analyst Chris Kenny wrote for The Australian that the programs reliance on Labor Party or trade union-aligned journalists to criticise News Limited , coupled with a failure to disclose those associations , undermines the credibility of host Barrys editorials against News Limited .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": "The Australian , which is regularly criticised by Media Watch , has been a long-term counter-critic of the show . In August 2007 it editorialised that Media Watch lacks journalistic integrity and conducts its affairs along the lines of an insiders club that pushes its ideological prejudice at taxpayers expense .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " In June 2007 , an episode of Media Watch entitled Have Your Spray strongly criticised The Daily Telegraph , among others , for failing to censor racist comments on their website forums posted over an extended period , but then allowed strongly anti-Semitic comments to remain on its own web forum for a few minutes until removed . The ABC later launched an internal inquiry into Media Watch reliance on IslamicSydney , an Islamic website that peddle [ s ] anti-Semitic and jihadi messages , for this story .",
"title": "Reception"
}
] |
/wiki/Media_Watch_(TV_program)#P371#2
|
Media Watch (TV program) was presented by whom between Aug 2003 and Oct 2003?
|
Media Watch ( TV program ) Media Watch is an Australian media analysis television program currently presented by Paul Barry for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . The program focuses on critiquing the Australian media together with interconnections including political . In 1999 , Media Watch played a key role in revealing the unethical behaviour of radio talkback hosts , which became known as the cash for comment affair and was the subject of an investigation by what was then the Australian Broadcasting Authority ( ABA ) . Format . Media Watch is a 15-minute program which identifies , investigates and examines instances of what the program determines to be failings in news coverage by Australian media outlets . The series features a single host speaking directly to camera , detailing a mix of amusing or embarrassing editing gaffes ( such as miscaptioned photographs or spelling errors ) as well as more serious criticism including media bias and breaches of journalistic ethics and standards . Over the years , the programs emphasis has shifted towards the latter . Although most episodes of Media Watch focus on any recent incidents of media misconduct , episodes sometimes focus on a single issue of particular importance ( for instance , news coverage of a recent election ) . Presenters . Stuart Littlemore was the inaugural host of Media Watch and remains the longest-running host to date . Following his nine-year tenure , various other journalists have hosted the program . Paul Barry , who previously hosted the program in 2000 and for a brief period in 2010 , resumed hosting duties in 2013 . - Stuart Littlemore ( 1989–97 ) - Richard Ackland ( 1998–99 ) - David Marr ( 2002–04 ) - Liz Jackson ( 2005 ) - Monica Attard ( 2006–07 ) - Jonathan Holmes ( 2008–13 ) - Paul Barry ( 2000 , 2010 , 2013– ) Notable pieces . Cash for comment . In 1999 , Media Watch revealed that influential talkback radio hosts Alan Jones and John Laws had been paid to provide favourable on-air comment about companies such as Qantas , Optus , Foxtel and Mirvac without disclosing these arrangements to listeners . It also persistently criticised the then Australian Broadcasting Authority ( superseded by the Australian Communications and Media Authority , or ACMA , in 2005 ) as impotent or unwilling to regulate broadcast media , and to properly scrutinise figures such as Jones and Laws . The revelations won Media Watch staffers Richard Ackland , Deborah Richards and Anne Connolly two Walkley Awards : the Gold Walkley , and the Walkley for TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 10 Minutes ) . In 2004 , Media Watch played a major part in forcing the resignation of ABA head David Flint after it was discovered that Flint had sent Jones admiring and effusive letters at a time when the ABA was investigating Jones concerning further cash for comment allegations . The reports won Media Watch another Walkley , TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 20 Minutes ) to staffers David Marr , Peter McEvoy and Sally Virgoe . 60 Minutes 1995 massacre at Srebrenica story . In 2002 , Channel Nine 60 Minutes reporter Richard Carleton sued Media Watch over allegations of plagiarism . The judge found that the allegations were untrue and declined to award any damages . The ABC World Today reported on 18 December 2002 : The veteran reporter was horrified to see Media Watch accuse him of plagiarising a BBC documentary on the 1995 massacre at Srebrenica for his Channel Nine program . But today a judge ruled that even though the program did defame Mr Richard Carleton and two colleagues , it was fair comment and no damages were awarded . The Truth Behind Tuam . In June 2014 , Media Watch examined false claims of a mass grave being discovered in County Galway , on the west coast of Ireland , found on the site of an old mother and baby home run by nuns in the town of Tuam . The story was repeated by global broadcasters including the ABC . In his editorial about the incident , Barry concluded , So why did the media fall for it ? .. . [ I ] t matched our prejudices . And it made such great headlines , it was really too good to check . And who cared if it suggested those nuns were mass murderers ? Cancellation and return . Media Watchs ability to generate controversy led to the temporary cancellation of the show . In 2000 , Barry was controversially sacked and , in 2001 , the program itself was axed by Jonathan Shier , the head of the ABC . However , in early 2002 , after Shier was himself sacked in similarly controversial circumstances , the show returned with David Marr as the new host . While Media Watch was off air , former host Stuart Littlemore presented a replacement program , Littlemore , that also examined issues about the media , running for 13 episodes between March and May 2001 . Media Bites . Starting in 2017 in conjunction with Media Watchs return , a weekly online spin-off series , Media Bites , was created . A new episode is uploaded every Thursday to the programs website , social media outlets , iView and ABCs official YouTube channel , each episode running for about two minutes . Unlike the main show , Media Bites is more casual in presentation , and Barry sits in the production office ( not a studio ) talking to the camera in a position similar to many online vloggers . Barry is often in more casual clothing using the light source of the office instead of professional lighting . Each episode has the same format , two mini-stories and the weeks alternative fact . The mini-stories are in essence a shorter version of the main series in-depth format , introducing the story and explaining the problem . For example , a story where Womans Day ran an article about Paul Hogans ex-wife ( Noelene Hogan ) in which , using a photo of Noelene with her son , the article incorrectly portrays the son as her deceased partner Reg , stating the couple were a cute pair , only to be corrected by a tweet from a family member . The Alternative Fact of the Week points out an incorrect or baffling tidbit , often involving US President Donald Trump . Episodes conclude with a teaser for the following episode of the main show . The episodes contain the same sarcasm and quips from Barry as does the main show . Episodes are edited in a similar fashion to the main show , with relevant corresponding images , text and effects relating to his narration . The stand-out difference in editing is that subtitles are permanently part of the video along the bottom of the screen , instead of being an optional closed caption . Reception . The shows presenters have taken some pride in the vehemence of the criticism it attracts ; at one point , the opening credits were made up of a montage of such criticisms , prominently featuring a description of original presenter Stuart Littlemore as a pompous git . In 2002 , the then-editor of The Daily Telegraph , Campbell Reid , sent host David Marr a dead fish ; a replica of it is now awarded as the Campbell Reid Perpetual Trophy for the Brazen Recycling of Other Peoples Work . Known as The Barra and bearing the motto Carpe Verbatim , it is awarded annually for bad journalism and particularly plagiarism ( a practice for which Reid was frequently criticised ) . Media Watch scrutinises all media outlets , and has criticised its own network , the ABC . When Marr was host from 2002 to 2004 , the show often criticised Marrs employer John Fairfax Holdings . Robert Manne , writing in The Age in 2007 , commented that : Media Watch was once , unashamedly , a program of the left.. . was sometimes unbalanced and unfair , usually intelligent and witty , always fearless and tough . No program more effectively tracked the steady drift of the political culture to the right . No program more effectively scrutinised the politics and practices of the contemporary commercial mainstream media—the rise of commentariat Islamophobia , the scandal of cash for comment . The fact that it was not impartial was the key to its unpopularity in certain quarters , but also to its importance and success . Media analysis programs and segments on Sky News Australia also describe the program as having consistent left wing bias , but see this as a weakness and not a strength of the program . Following the 2019 federal election , Sky News Australia media analyst Chris Kenny wrote for The Australian that the programs reliance on Labor Party or trade union-aligned journalists to criticise News Limited , coupled with a failure to disclose those associations , undermines the credibility of host Barrys editorials against News Limited . The Australian , which is regularly criticised by Media Watch , has been a long-term counter-critic of the show . In August 2007 it editorialised that Media Watch lacks journalistic integrity and conducts its affairs along the lines of an insiders club that pushes its ideological prejudice at taxpayers expense . In June 2007 , an episode of Media Watch entitled Have Your Spray strongly criticised The Daily Telegraph , among others , for failing to censor racist comments on their website forums posted over an extended period , but then allowed strongly anti-Semitic comments to remain on its own web forum for a few minutes until removed . The ABC later launched an internal inquiry into Media Watch reliance on IslamicSydney , an Islamic website that peddle [ s ] anti-Semitic and jihadi messages , for this story .
|
[
"David Marr"
] |
[
{
"text": " Media Watch is an Australian media analysis television program currently presented by Paul Barry for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . The program focuses on critiquing the Australian media together with interconnections including political . In 1999 , Media Watch played a key role in revealing the unethical behaviour of radio talkback hosts , which became known as the cash for comment affair and was the subject of an investigation by what was then the Australian Broadcasting Authority ( ABA ) .",
"title": "Media Watch ( TV program )"
},
{
"text": " Media Watch is a 15-minute program which identifies , investigates and examines instances of what the program determines to be failings in news coverage by Australian media outlets . The series features a single host speaking directly to camera , detailing a mix of amusing or embarrassing editing gaffes ( such as miscaptioned photographs or spelling errors ) as well as more serious criticism including media bias and breaches of journalistic ethics and standards . Over the years , the programs emphasis has shifted towards the latter .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": "Although most episodes of Media Watch focus on any recent incidents of media misconduct , episodes sometimes focus on a single issue of particular importance ( for instance , news coverage of a recent election ) .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": " Stuart Littlemore was the inaugural host of Media Watch and remains the longest-running host to date . Following his nine-year tenure , various other journalists have hosted the program . Paul Barry , who previously hosted the program in 2000 and for a brief period in 2010 , resumed hosting duties in 2013 . - Stuart Littlemore ( 1989–97 ) - Richard Ackland ( 1998–99 ) - David Marr ( 2002–04 ) - Liz Jackson ( 2005 ) - Monica Attard ( 2006–07 ) - Jonathan Holmes ( 2008–13 )",
"title": "Presenters"
},
{
"text": "- Paul Barry ( 2000 , 2010 , 2013– )",
"title": "Presenters"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , Media Watch revealed that influential talkback radio hosts Alan Jones and John Laws had been paid to provide favourable on-air comment about companies such as Qantas , Optus , Foxtel and Mirvac without disclosing these arrangements to listeners . It also persistently criticised the then Australian Broadcasting Authority ( superseded by the Australian Communications and Media Authority , or ACMA , in 2005 ) as impotent or unwilling to regulate broadcast media , and to properly scrutinise figures such as Jones and Laws . The revelations won Media Watch staffers Richard Ackland , Deborah Richards and Anne",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "Connolly two Walkley Awards : the Gold Walkley , and the Walkley for TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 10 Minutes ) . In 2004 , Media Watch played a major part in forcing the resignation of ABA head David Flint after it was discovered that Flint had sent Jones admiring and effusive letters at a time when the ABA was investigating Jones concerning further cash for comment allegations . The reports won Media Watch another Walkley , TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 20 Minutes ) to staffers David Marr , Peter McEvoy and Sally Virgoe .",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , Channel Nine 60 Minutes reporter Richard Carleton sued Media Watch over allegations of plagiarism . The judge found that the allegations were untrue and declined to award any damages . The ABC World Today reported on 18 December 2002 : The veteran reporter was horrified to see Media Watch accuse him of plagiarising a BBC documentary on the 1995 massacre at Srebrenica for his Channel Nine program . But today a judge ruled that even though the program did defame Mr Richard Carleton and two colleagues , it was fair comment and no damages were awarded .",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "In June 2014 , Media Watch examined false claims of a mass grave being discovered in County Galway , on the west coast of Ireland , found on the site of an old mother and baby home run by nuns in the town of Tuam . The story was repeated by global broadcasters including the ABC . In his editorial about the incident , Barry concluded , So why did the media fall for it ? .. . [ I ] t matched our prejudices . And it made such great headlines , it was really too good to check",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": ". And who cared if it suggested those nuns were mass murderers ?",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "Media Watchs ability to generate controversy led to the temporary cancellation of the show . In 2000 , Barry was controversially sacked and , in 2001 , the program itself was axed by Jonathan Shier , the head of the ABC . However , in early 2002 , after Shier was himself sacked in similarly controversial circumstances , the show returned with David Marr as the new host . While Media Watch was off air , former host Stuart Littlemore presented a replacement program , Littlemore , that also examined issues about the media , running for 13 episodes between",
"title": "Cancellation and return"
},
{
"text": "March and May 2001 .",
"title": "Cancellation and return"
},
{
"text": "Starting in 2017 in conjunction with Media Watchs return , a weekly online spin-off series , Media Bites , was created . A new episode is uploaded every Thursday to the programs website , social media outlets , iView and ABCs official YouTube channel , each episode running for about two minutes . Unlike the main show , Media Bites is more casual in presentation , and Barry sits in the production office ( not a studio ) talking to the camera in a position similar to many online vloggers . Barry is often in more casual clothing using the",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "light source of the office instead of professional lighting .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "Each episode has the same format , two mini-stories and the weeks alternative fact . The mini-stories are in essence a shorter version of the main series in-depth format , introducing the story and explaining the problem . For example , a story where Womans Day ran an article about Paul Hogans ex-wife ( Noelene Hogan ) in which , using a photo of Noelene with her son , the article incorrectly portrays the son as her deceased partner Reg , stating the couple were a cute pair , only to be corrected by a tweet from a family member",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": ". The Alternative Fact of the Week points out an incorrect or baffling tidbit , often involving US President Donald Trump . Episodes conclude with a teaser for the following episode of the main show . The episodes contain the same sarcasm and quips from Barry as does the main show .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": " Episodes are edited in a similar fashion to the main show , with relevant corresponding images , text and effects relating to his narration . The stand-out difference in editing is that subtitles are permanently part of the video along the bottom of the screen , instead of being an optional closed caption .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "The shows presenters have taken some pride in the vehemence of the criticism it attracts ; at one point , the opening credits were made up of a montage of such criticisms , prominently featuring a description of original presenter Stuart Littlemore as a pompous git . In 2002 , the then-editor of The Daily Telegraph , Campbell Reid , sent host David Marr a dead fish ; a replica of it is now awarded as the Campbell Reid Perpetual Trophy for the Brazen Recycling of Other Peoples Work . Known as The Barra and bearing the motto Carpe Verbatim",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": ", it is awarded annually for bad journalism and particularly plagiarism ( a practice for which Reid was frequently criticised ) .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Media Watch scrutinises all media outlets , and has criticised its own network , the ABC . When Marr was host from 2002 to 2004 , the show often criticised Marrs employer John Fairfax Holdings . Robert Manne , writing in The Age in 2007 , commented that :",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": "Media Watch was once , unashamedly , a program of the left.. . was sometimes unbalanced and unfair , usually intelligent and witty , always fearless and tough . No program more effectively tracked the steady drift of the political culture to the right . No program more effectively scrutinised the politics and practices of the contemporary commercial mainstream media—the rise of commentariat Islamophobia , the scandal of cash for comment . The fact that it was not impartial was the key to its unpopularity in certain quarters , but also to its importance and success .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Media analysis programs and segments on Sky News Australia also describe the program as having consistent left wing bias , but see this as a weakness and not a strength of the program . Following the 2019 federal election , Sky News Australia media analyst Chris Kenny wrote for The Australian that the programs reliance on Labor Party or trade union-aligned journalists to criticise News Limited , coupled with a failure to disclose those associations , undermines the credibility of host Barrys editorials against News Limited .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": "The Australian , which is regularly criticised by Media Watch , has been a long-term counter-critic of the show . In August 2007 it editorialised that Media Watch lacks journalistic integrity and conducts its affairs along the lines of an insiders club that pushes its ideological prejudice at taxpayers expense .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " In June 2007 , an episode of Media Watch entitled Have Your Spray strongly criticised The Daily Telegraph , among others , for failing to censor racist comments on their website forums posted over an extended period , but then allowed strongly anti-Semitic comments to remain on its own web forum for a few minutes until removed . The ABC later launched an internal inquiry into Media Watch reliance on IslamicSydney , an Islamic website that peddle [ s ] anti-Semitic and jihadi messages , for this story .",
"title": "Reception"
}
] |
/wiki/Media_Watch_(TV_program)#P371#3
|
Media Watch (TV program) was presented by whom between Apr 2006 and May 2006?
|
Media Watch ( TV program ) Media Watch is an Australian media analysis television program currently presented by Paul Barry for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . The program focuses on critiquing the Australian media together with interconnections including political . In 1999 , Media Watch played a key role in revealing the unethical behaviour of radio talkback hosts , which became known as the cash for comment affair and was the subject of an investigation by what was then the Australian Broadcasting Authority ( ABA ) . Format . Media Watch is a 15-minute program which identifies , investigates and examines instances of what the program determines to be failings in news coverage by Australian media outlets . The series features a single host speaking directly to camera , detailing a mix of amusing or embarrassing editing gaffes ( such as miscaptioned photographs or spelling errors ) as well as more serious criticism including media bias and breaches of journalistic ethics and standards . Over the years , the programs emphasis has shifted towards the latter . Although most episodes of Media Watch focus on any recent incidents of media misconduct , episodes sometimes focus on a single issue of particular importance ( for instance , news coverage of a recent election ) . Presenters . Stuart Littlemore was the inaugural host of Media Watch and remains the longest-running host to date . Following his nine-year tenure , various other journalists have hosted the program . Paul Barry , who previously hosted the program in 2000 and for a brief period in 2010 , resumed hosting duties in 2013 . - Stuart Littlemore ( 1989–97 ) - Richard Ackland ( 1998–99 ) - David Marr ( 2002–04 ) - Liz Jackson ( 2005 ) - Monica Attard ( 2006–07 ) - Jonathan Holmes ( 2008–13 ) - Paul Barry ( 2000 , 2010 , 2013– ) Notable pieces . Cash for comment . In 1999 , Media Watch revealed that influential talkback radio hosts Alan Jones and John Laws had been paid to provide favourable on-air comment about companies such as Qantas , Optus , Foxtel and Mirvac without disclosing these arrangements to listeners . It also persistently criticised the then Australian Broadcasting Authority ( superseded by the Australian Communications and Media Authority , or ACMA , in 2005 ) as impotent or unwilling to regulate broadcast media , and to properly scrutinise figures such as Jones and Laws . The revelations won Media Watch staffers Richard Ackland , Deborah Richards and Anne Connolly two Walkley Awards : the Gold Walkley , and the Walkley for TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 10 Minutes ) . In 2004 , Media Watch played a major part in forcing the resignation of ABA head David Flint after it was discovered that Flint had sent Jones admiring and effusive letters at a time when the ABA was investigating Jones concerning further cash for comment allegations . The reports won Media Watch another Walkley , TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 20 Minutes ) to staffers David Marr , Peter McEvoy and Sally Virgoe . 60 Minutes 1995 massacre at Srebrenica story . In 2002 , Channel Nine 60 Minutes reporter Richard Carleton sued Media Watch over allegations of plagiarism . The judge found that the allegations were untrue and declined to award any damages . The ABC World Today reported on 18 December 2002 : The veteran reporter was horrified to see Media Watch accuse him of plagiarising a BBC documentary on the 1995 massacre at Srebrenica for his Channel Nine program . But today a judge ruled that even though the program did defame Mr Richard Carleton and two colleagues , it was fair comment and no damages were awarded . The Truth Behind Tuam . In June 2014 , Media Watch examined false claims of a mass grave being discovered in County Galway , on the west coast of Ireland , found on the site of an old mother and baby home run by nuns in the town of Tuam . The story was repeated by global broadcasters including the ABC . In his editorial about the incident , Barry concluded , So why did the media fall for it ? .. . [ I ] t matched our prejudices . And it made such great headlines , it was really too good to check . And who cared if it suggested those nuns were mass murderers ? Cancellation and return . Media Watchs ability to generate controversy led to the temporary cancellation of the show . In 2000 , Barry was controversially sacked and , in 2001 , the program itself was axed by Jonathan Shier , the head of the ABC . However , in early 2002 , after Shier was himself sacked in similarly controversial circumstances , the show returned with David Marr as the new host . While Media Watch was off air , former host Stuart Littlemore presented a replacement program , Littlemore , that also examined issues about the media , running for 13 episodes between March and May 2001 . Media Bites . Starting in 2017 in conjunction with Media Watchs return , a weekly online spin-off series , Media Bites , was created . A new episode is uploaded every Thursday to the programs website , social media outlets , iView and ABCs official YouTube channel , each episode running for about two minutes . Unlike the main show , Media Bites is more casual in presentation , and Barry sits in the production office ( not a studio ) talking to the camera in a position similar to many online vloggers . Barry is often in more casual clothing using the light source of the office instead of professional lighting . Each episode has the same format , two mini-stories and the weeks alternative fact . The mini-stories are in essence a shorter version of the main series in-depth format , introducing the story and explaining the problem . For example , a story where Womans Day ran an article about Paul Hogans ex-wife ( Noelene Hogan ) in which , using a photo of Noelene with her son , the article incorrectly portrays the son as her deceased partner Reg , stating the couple were a cute pair , only to be corrected by a tweet from a family member . The Alternative Fact of the Week points out an incorrect or baffling tidbit , often involving US President Donald Trump . Episodes conclude with a teaser for the following episode of the main show . The episodes contain the same sarcasm and quips from Barry as does the main show . Episodes are edited in a similar fashion to the main show , with relevant corresponding images , text and effects relating to his narration . The stand-out difference in editing is that subtitles are permanently part of the video along the bottom of the screen , instead of being an optional closed caption . Reception . The shows presenters have taken some pride in the vehemence of the criticism it attracts ; at one point , the opening credits were made up of a montage of such criticisms , prominently featuring a description of original presenter Stuart Littlemore as a pompous git . In 2002 , the then-editor of The Daily Telegraph , Campbell Reid , sent host David Marr a dead fish ; a replica of it is now awarded as the Campbell Reid Perpetual Trophy for the Brazen Recycling of Other Peoples Work . Known as The Barra and bearing the motto Carpe Verbatim , it is awarded annually for bad journalism and particularly plagiarism ( a practice for which Reid was frequently criticised ) . Media Watch scrutinises all media outlets , and has criticised its own network , the ABC . When Marr was host from 2002 to 2004 , the show often criticised Marrs employer John Fairfax Holdings . Robert Manne , writing in The Age in 2007 , commented that : Media Watch was once , unashamedly , a program of the left.. . was sometimes unbalanced and unfair , usually intelligent and witty , always fearless and tough . No program more effectively tracked the steady drift of the political culture to the right . No program more effectively scrutinised the politics and practices of the contemporary commercial mainstream media—the rise of commentariat Islamophobia , the scandal of cash for comment . The fact that it was not impartial was the key to its unpopularity in certain quarters , but also to its importance and success . Media analysis programs and segments on Sky News Australia also describe the program as having consistent left wing bias , but see this as a weakness and not a strength of the program . Following the 2019 federal election , Sky News Australia media analyst Chris Kenny wrote for The Australian that the programs reliance on Labor Party or trade union-aligned journalists to criticise News Limited , coupled with a failure to disclose those associations , undermines the credibility of host Barrys editorials against News Limited . The Australian , which is regularly criticised by Media Watch , has been a long-term counter-critic of the show . In August 2007 it editorialised that Media Watch lacks journalistic integrity and conducts its affairs along the lines of an insiders club that pushes its ideological prejudice at taxpayers expense . In June 2007 , an episode of Media Watch entitled Have Your Spray strongly criticised The Daily Telegraph , among others , for failing to censor racist comments on their website forums posted over an extended period , but then allowed strongly anti-Semitic comments to remain on its own web forum for a few minutes until removed . The ABC later launched an internal inquiry into Media Watch reliance on IslamicSydney , an Islamic website that peddle [ s ] anti-Semitic and jihadi messages , for this story .
|
[
"Monica Attard"
] |
[
{
"text": " Media Watch is an Australian media analysis television program currently presented by Paul Barry for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . The program focuses on critiquing the Australian media together with interconnections including political . In 1999 , Media Watch played a key role in revealing the unethical behaviour of radio talkback hosts , which became known as the cash for comment affair and was the subject of an investigation by what was then the Australian Broadcasting Authority ( ABA ) .",
"title": "Media Watch ( TV program )"
},
{
"text": " Media Watch is a 15-minute program which identifies , investigates and examines instances of what the program determines to be failings in news coverage by Australian media outlets . The series features a single host speaking directly to camera , detailing a mix of amusing or embarrassing editing gaffes ( such as miscaptioned photographs or spelling errors ) as well as more serious criticism including media bias and breaches of journalistic ethics and standards . Over the years , the programs emphasis has shifted towards the latter .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": "Although most episodes of Media Watch focus on any recent incidents of media misconduct , episodes sometimes focus on a single issue of particular importance ( for instance , news coverage of a recent election ) .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": " Stuart Littlemore was the inaugural host of Media Watch and remains the longest-running host to date . Following his nine-year tenure , various other journalists have hosted the program . Paul Barry , who previously hosted the program in 2000 and for a brief period in 2010 , resumed hosting duties in 2013 . - Stuart Littlemore ( 1989–97 ) - Richard Ackland ( 1998–99 ) - David Marr ( 2002–04 ) - Liz Jackson ( 2005 ) - Monica Attard ( 2006–07 ) - Jonathan Holmes ( 2008–13 )",
"title": "Presenters"
},
{
"text": "- Paul Barry ( 2000 , 2010 , 2013– )",
"title": "Presenters"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , Media Watch revealed that influential talkback radio hosts Alan Jones and John Laws had been paid to provide favourable on-air comment about companies such as Qantas , Optus , Foxtel and Mirvac without disclosing these arrangements to listeners . It also persistently criticised the then Australian Broadcasting Authority ( superseded by the Australian Communications and Media Authority , or ACMA , in 2005 ) as impotent or unwilling to regulate broadcast media , and to properly scrutinise figures such as Jones and Laws . The revelations won Media Watch staffers Richard Ackland , Deborah Richards and Anne",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "Connolly two Walkley Awards : the Gold Walkley , and the Walkley for TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 10 Minutes ) . In 2004 , Media Watch played a major part in forcing the resignation of ABA head David Flint after it was discovered that Flint had sent Jones admiring and effusive letters at a time when the ABA was investigating Jones concerning further cash for comment allegations . The reports won Media Watch another Walkley , TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 20 Minutes ) to staffers David Marr , Peter McEvoy and Sally Virgoe .",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , Channel Nine 60 Minutes reporter Richard Carleton sued Media Watch over allegations of plagiarism . The judge found that the allegations were untrue and declined to award any damages . The ABC World Today reported on 18 December 2002 : The veteran reporter was horrified to see Media Watch accuse him of plagiarising a BBC documentary on the 1995 massacre at Srebrenica for his Channel Nine program . But today a judge ruled that even though the program did defame Mr Richard Carleton and two colleagues , it was fair comment and no damages were awarded .",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "In June 2014 , Media Watch examined false claims of a mass grave being discovered in County Galway , on the west coast of Ireland , found on the site of an old mother and baby home run by nuns in the town of Tuam . The story was repeated by global broadcasters including the ABC . In his editorial about the incident , Barry concluded , So why did the media fall for it ? .. . [ I ] t matched our prejudices . And it made such great headlines , it was really too good to check",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": ". And who cared if it suggested those nuns were mass murderers ?",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "Media Watchs ability to generate controversy led to the temporary cancellation of the show . In 2000 , Barry was controversially sacked and , in 2001 , the program itself was axed by Jonathan Shier , the head of the ABC . However , in early 2002 , after Shier was himself sacked in similarly controversial circumstances , the show returned with David Marr as the new host . While Media Watch was off air , former host Stuart Littlemore presented a replacement program , Littlemore , that also examined issues about the media , running for 13 episodes between",
"title": "Cancellation and return"
},
{
"text": "March and May 2001 .",
"title": "Cancellation and return"
},
{
"text": "Starting in 2017 in conjunction with Media Watchs return , a weekly online spin-off series , Media Bites , was created . A new episode is uploaded every Thursday to the programs website , social media outlets , iView and ABCs official YouTube channel , each episode running for about two minutes . Unlike the main show , Media Bites is more casual in presentation , and Barry sits in the production office ( not a studio ) talking to the camera in a position similar to many online vloggers . Barry is often in more casual clothing using the",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "light source of the office instead of professional lighting .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "Each episode has the same format , two mini-stories and the weeks alternative fact . The mini-stories are in essence a shorter version of the main series in-depth format , introducing the story and explaining the problem . For example , a story where Womans Day ran an article about Paul Hogans ex-wife ( Noelene Hogan ) in which , using a photo of Noelene with her son , the article incorrectly portrays the son as her deceased partner Reg , stating the couple were a cute pair , only to be corrected by a tweet from a family member",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": ". The Alternative Fact of the Week points out an incorrect or baffling tidbit , often involving US President Donald Trump . Episodes conclude with a teaser for the following episode of the main show . The episodes contain the same sarcasm and quips from Barry as does the main show .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": " Episodes are edited in a similar fashion to the main show , with relevant corresponding images , text and effects relating to his narration . The stand-out difference in editing is that subtitles are permanently part of the video along the bottom of the screen , instead of being an optional closed caption .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "The shows presenters have taken some pride in the vehemence of the criticism it attracts ; at one point , the opening credits were made up of a montage of such criticisms , prominently featuring a description of original presenter Stuart Littlemore as a pompous git . In 2002 , the then-editor of The Daily Telegraph , Campbell Reid , sent host David Marr a dead fish ; a replica of it is now awarded as the Campbell Reid Perpetual Trophy for the Brazen Recycling of Other Peoples Work . Known as The Barra and bearing the motto Carpe Verbatim",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": ", it is awarded annually for bad journalism and particularly plagiarism ( a practice for which Reid was frequently criticised ) .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Media Watch scrutinises all media outlets , and has criticised its own network , the ABC . When Marr was host from 2002 to 2004 , the show often criticised Marrs employer John Fairfax Holdings . Robert Manne , writing in The Age in 2007 , commented that :",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": "Media Watch was once , unashamedly , a program of the left.. . was sometimes unbalanced and unfair , usually intelligent and witty , always fearless and tough . No program more effectively tracked the steady drift of the political culture to the right . No program more effectively scrutinised the politics and practices of the contemporary commercial mainstream media—the rise of commentariat Islamophobia , the scandal of cash for comment . The fact that it was not impartial was the key to its unpopularity in certain quarters , but also to its importance and success .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Media analysis programs and segments on Sky News Australia also describe the program as having consistent left wing bias , but see this as a weakness and not a strength of the program . Following the 2019 federal election , Sky News Australia media analyst Chris Kenny wrote for The Australian that the programs reliance on Labor Party or trade union-aligned journalists to criticise News Limited , coupled with a failure to disclose those associations , undermines the credibility of host Barrys editorials against News Limited .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": "The Australian , which is regularly criticised by Media Watch , has been a long-term counter-critic of the show . In August 2007 it editorialised that Media Watch lacks journalistic integrity and conducts its affairs along the lines of an insiders club that pushes its ideological prejudice at taxpayers expense .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " In June 2007 , an episode of Media Watch entitled Have Your Spray strongly criticised The Daily Telegraph , among others , for failing to censor racist comments on their website forums posted over an extended period , but then allowed strongly anti-Semitic comments to remain on its own web forum for a few minutes until removed . The ABC later launched an internal inquiry into Media Watch reliance on IslamicSydney , an Islamic website that peddle [ s ] anti-Semitic and jihadi messages , for this story .",
"title": "Reception"
}
] |
/wiki/Media_Watch_(TV_program)#P371#4
|
Media Watch (TV program) was presented by whom in early 2010s?
|
Media Watch ( TV program ) Media Watch is an Australian media analysis television program currently presented by Paul Barry for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . The program focuses on critiquing the Australian media together with interconnections including political . In 1999 , Media Watch played a key role in revealing the unethical behaviour of radio talkback hosts , which became known as the cash for comment affair and was the subject of an investigation by what was then the Australian Broadcasting Authority ( ABA ) . Format . Media Watch is a 15-minute program which identifies , investigates and examines instances of what the program determines to be failings in news coverage by Australian media outlets . The series features a single host speaking directly to camera , detailing a mix of amusing or embarrassing editing gaffes ( such as miscaptioned photographs or spelling errors ) as well as more serious criticism including media bias and breaches of journalistic ethics and standards . Over the years , the programs emphasis has shifted towards the latter . Although most episodes of Media Watch focus on any recent incidents of media misconduct , episodes sometimes focus on a single issue of particular importance ( for instance , news coverage of a recent election ) . Presenters . Stuart Littlemore was the inaugural host of Media Watch and remains the longest-running host to date . Following his nine-year tenure , various other journalists have hosted the program . Paul Barry , who previously hosted the program in 2000 and for a brief period in 2010 , resumed hosting duties in 2013 . - Stuart Littlemore ( 1989–97 ) - Richard Ackland ( 1998–99 ) - David Marr ( 2002–04 ) - Liz Jackson ( 2005 ) - Monica Attard ( 2006–07 ) - Jonathan Holmes ( 2008–13 ) - Paul Barry ( 2000 , 2010 , 2013– ) Notable pieces . Cash for comment . In 1999 , Media Watch revealed that influential talkback radio hosts Alan Jones and John Laws had been paid to provide favourable on-air comment about companies such as Qantas , Optus , Foxtel and Mirvac without disclosing these arrangements to listeners . It also persistently criticised the then Australian Broadcasting Authority ( superseded by the Australian Communications and Media Authority , or ACMA , in 2005 ) as impotent or unwilling to regulate broadcast media , and to properly scrutinise figures such as Jones and Laws . The revelations won Media Watch staffers Richard Ackland , Deborah Richards and Anne Connolly two Walkley Awards : the Gold Walkley , and the Walkley for TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 10 Minutes ) . In 2004 , Media Watch played a major part in forcing the resignation of ABA head David Flint after it was discovered that Flint had sent Jones admiring and effusive letters at a time when the ABA was investigating Jones concerning further cash for comment allegations . The reports won Media Watch another Walkley , TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 20 Minutes ) to staffers David Marr , Peter McEvoy and Sally Virgoe . 60 Minutes 1995 massacre at Srebrenica story . In 2002 , Channel Nine 60 Minutes reporter Richard Carleton sued Media Watch over allegations of plagiarism . The judge found that the allegations were untrue and declined to award any damages . The ABC World Today reported on 18 December 2002 : The veteran reporter was horrified to see Media Watch accuse him of plagiarising a BBC documentary on the 1995 massacre at Srebrenica for his Channel Nine program . But today a judge ruled that even though the program did defame Mr Richard Carleton and two colleagues , it was fair comment and no damages were awarded . The Truth Behind Tuam . In June 2014 , Media Watch examined false claims of a mass grave being discovered in County Galway , on the west coast of Ireland , found on the site of an old mother and baby home run by nuns in the town of Tuam . The story was repeated by global broadcasters including the ABC . In his editorial about the incident , Barry concluded , So why did the media fall for it ? .. . [ I ] t matched our prejudices . And it made such great headlines , it was really too good to check . And who cared if it suggested those nuns were mass murderers ? Cancellation and return . Media Watchs ability to generate controversy led to the temporary cancellation of the show . In 2000 , Barry was controversially sacked and , in 2001 , the program itself was axed by Jonathan Shier , the head of the ABC . However , in early 2002 , after Shier was himself sacked in similarly controversial circumstances , the show returned with David Marr as the new host . While Media Watch was off air , former host Stuart Littlemore presented a replacement program , Littlemore , that also examined issues about the media , running for 13 episodes between March and May 2001 . Media Bites . Starting in 2017 in conjunction with Media Watchs return , a weekly online spin-off series , Media Bites , was created . A new episode is uploaded every Thursday to the programs website , social media outlets , iView and ABCs official YouTube channel , each episode running for about two minutes . Unlike the main show , Media Bites is more casual in presentation , and Barry sits in the production office ( not a studio ) talking to the camera in a position similar to many online vloggers . Barry is often in more casual clothing using the light source of the office instead of professional lighting . Each episode has the same format , two mini-stories and the weeks alternative fact . The mini-stories are in essence a shorter version of the main series in-depth format , introducing the story and explaining the problem . For example , a story where Womans Day ran an article about Paul Hogans ex-wife ( Noelene Hogan ) in which , using a photo of Noelene with her son , the article incorrectly portrays the son as her deceased partner Reg , stating the couple were a cute pair , only to be corrected by a tweet from a family member . The Alternative Fact of the Week points out an incorrect or baffling tidbit , often involving US President Donald Trump . Episodes conclude with a teaser for the following episode of the main show . The episodes contain the same sarcasm and quips from Barry as does the main show . Episodes are edited in a similar fashion to the main show , with relevant corresponding images , text and effects relating to his narration . The stand-out difference in editing is that subtitles are permanently part of the video along the bottom of the screen , instead of being an optional closed caption . Reception . The shows presenters have taken some pride in the vehemence of the criticism it attracts ; at one point , the opening credits were made up of a montage of such criticisms , prominently featuring a description of original presenter Stuart Littlemore as a pompous git . In 2002 , the then-editor of The Daily Telegraph , Campbell Reid , sent host David Marr a dead fish ; a replica of it is now awarded as the Campbell Reid Perpetual Trophy for the Brazen Recycling of Other Peoples Work . Known as The Barra and bearing the motto Carpe Verbatim , it is awarded annually for bad journalism and particularly plagiarism ( a practice for which Reid was frequently criticised ) . Media Watch scrutinises all media outlets , and has criticised its own network , the ABC . When Marr was host from 2002 to 2004 , the show often criticised Marrs employer John Fairfax Holdings . Robert Manne , writing in The Age in 2007 , commented that : Media Watch was once , unashamedly , a program of the left.. . was sometimes unbalanced and unfair , usually intelligent and witty , always fearless and tough . No program more effectively tracked the steady drift of the political culture to the right . No program more effectively scrutinised the politics and practices of the contemporary commercial mainstream media—the rise of commentariat Islamophobia , the scandal of cash for comment . The fact that it was not impartial was the key to its unpopularity in certain quarters , but also to its importance and success . Media analysis programs and segments on Sky News Australia also describe the program as having consistent left wing bias , but see this as a weakness and not a strength of the program . Following the 2019 federal election , Sky News Australia media analyst Chris Kenny wrote for The Australian that the programs reliance on Labor Party or trade union-aligned journalists to criticise News Limited , coupled with a failure to disclose those associations , undermines the credibility of host Barrys editorials against News Limited . The Australian , which is regularly criticised by Media Watch , has been a long-term counter-critic of the show . In August 2007 it editorialised that Media Watch lacks journalistic integrity and conducts its affairs along the lines of an insiders club that pushes its ideological prejudice at taxpayers expense . In June 2007 , an episode of Media Watch entitled Have Your Spray strongly criticised The Daily Telegraph , among others , for failing to censor racist comments on their website forums posted over an extended period , but then allowed strongly anti-Semitic comments to remain on its own web forum for a few minutes until removed . The ABC later launched an internal inquiry into Media Watch reliance on IslamicSydney , an Islamic website that peddle [ s ] anti-Semitic and jihadi messages , for this story .
|
[
"Jonathan Holmes"
] |
[
{
"text": " Media Watch is an Australian media analysis television program currently presented by Paul Barry for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . The program focuses on critiquing the Australian media together with interconnections including political . In 1999 , Media Watch played a key role in revealing the unethical behaviour of radio talkback hosts , which became known as the cash for comment affair and was the subject of an investigation by what was then the Australian Broadcasting Authority ( ABA ) .",
"title": "Media Watch ( TV program )"
},
{
"text": " Media Watch is a 15-minute program which identifies , investigates and examines instances of what the program determines to be failings in news coverage by Australian media outlets . The series features a single host speaking directly to camera , detailing a mix of amusing or embarrassing editing gaffes ( such as miscaptioned photographs or spelling errors ) as well as more serious criticism including media bias and breaches of journalistic ethics and standards . Over the years , the programs emphasis has shifted towards the latter .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": "Although most episodes of Media Watch focus on any recent incidents of media misconduct , episodes sometimes focus on a single issue of particular importance ( for instance , news coverage of a recent election ) .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": " Stuart Littlemore was the inaugural host of Media Watch and remains the longest-running host to date . Following his nine-year tenure , various other journalists have hosted the program . Paul Barry , who previously hosted the program in 2000 and for a brief period in 2010 , resumed hosting duties in 2013 . - Stuart Littlemore ( 1989–97 ) - Richard Ackland ( 1998–99 ) - David Marr ( 2002–04 ) - Liz Jackson ( 2005 ) - Monica Attard ( 2006–07 ) - Jonathan Holmes ( 2008–13 )",
"title": "Presenters"
},
{
"text": "- Paul Barry ( 2000 , 2010 , 2013– )",
"title": "Presenters"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , Media Watch revealed that influential talkback radio hosts Alan Jones and John Laws had been paid to provide favourable on-air comment about companies such as Qantas , Optus , Foxtel and Mirvac without disclosing these arrangements to listeners . It also persistently criticised the then Australian Broadcasting Authority ( superseded by the Australian Communications and Media Authority , or ACMA , in 2005 ) as impotent or unwilling to regulate broadcast media , and to properly scrutinise figures such as Jones and Laws . The revelations won Media Watch staffers Richard Ackland , Deborah Richards and Anne",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "Connolly two Walkley Awards : the Gold Walkley , and the Walkley for TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 10 Minutes ) . In 2004 , Media Watch played a major part in forcing the resignation of ABA head David Flint after it was discovered that Flint had sent Jones admiring and effusive letters at a time when the ABA was investigating Jones concerning further cash for comment allegations . The reports won Media Watch another Walkley , TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 20 Minutes ) to staffers David Marr , Peter McEvoy and Sally Virgoe .",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , Channel Nine 60 Minutes reporter Richard Carleton sued Media Watch over allegations of plagiarism . The judge found that the allegations were untrue and declined to award any damages . The ABC World Today reported on 18 December 2002 : The veteran reporter was horrified to see Media Watch accuse him of plagiarising a BBC documentary on the 1995 massacre at Srebrenica for his Channel Nine program . But today a judge ruled that even though the program did defame Mr Richard Carleton and two colleagues , it was fair comment and no damages were awarded .",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "In June 2014 , Media Watch examined false claims of a mass grave being discovered in County Galway , on the west coast of Ireland , found on the site of an old mother and baby home run by nuns in the town of Tuam . The story was repeated by global broadcasters including the ABC . In his editorial about the incident , Barry concluded , So why did the media fall for it ? .. . [ I ] t matched our prejudices . And it made such great headlines , it was really too good to check",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": ". And who cared if it suggested those nuns were mass murderers ?",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "Media Watchs ability to generate controversy led to the temporary cancellation of the show . In 2000 , Barry was controversially sacked and , in 2001 , the program itself was axed by Jonathan Shier , the head of the ABC . However , in early 2002 , after Shier was himself sacked in similarly controversial circumstances , the show returned with David Marr as the new host . While Media Watch was off air , former host Stuart Littlemore presented a replacement program , Littlemore , that also examined issues about the media , running for 13 episodes between",
"title": "Cancellation and return"
},
{
"text": "March and May 2001 .",
"title": "Cancellation and return"
},
{
"text": "Starting in 2017 in conjunction with Media Watchs return , a weekly online spin-off series , Media Bites , was created . A new episode is uploaded every Thursday to the programs website , social media outlets , iView and ABCs official YouTube channel , each episode running for about two minutes . Unlike the main show , Media Bites is more casual in presentation , and Barry sits in the production office ( not a studio ) talking to the camera in a position similar to many online vloggers . Barry is often in more casual clothing using the",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "light source of the office instead of professional lighting .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "Each episode has the same format , two mini-stories and the weeks alternative fact . The mini-stories are in essence a shorter version of the main series in-depth format , introducing the story and explaining the problem . For example , a story where Womans Day ran an article about Paul Hogans ex-wife ( Noelene Hogan ) in which , using a photo of Noelene with her son , the article incorrectly portrays the son as her deceased partner Reg , stating the couple were a cute pair , only to be corrected by a tweet from a family member",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": ". The Alternative Fact of the Week points out an incorrect or baffling tidbit , often involving US President Donald Trump . Episodes conclude with a teaser for the following episode of the main show . The episodes contain the same sarcasm and quips from Barry as does the main show .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": " Episodes are edited in a similar fashion to the main show , with relevant corresponding images , text and effects relating to his narration . The stand-out difference in editing is that subtitles are permanently part of the video along the bottom of the screen , instead of being an optional closed caption .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "The shows presenters have taken some pride in the vehemence of the criticism it attracts ; at one point , the opening credits were made up of a montage of such criticisms , prominently featuring a description of original presenter Stuart Littlemore as a pompous git . In 2002 , the then-editor of The Daily Telegraph , Campbell Reid , sent host David Marr a dead fish ; a replica of it is now awarded as the Campbell Reid Perpetual Trophy for the Brazen Recycling of Other Peoples Work . Known as The Barra and bearing the motto Carpe Verbatim",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": ", it is awarded annually for bad journalism and particularly plagiarism ( a practice for which Reid was frequently criticised ) .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Media Watch scrutinises all media outlets , and has criticised its own network , the ABC . When Marr was host from 2002 to 2004 , the show often criticised Marrs employer John Fairfax Holdings . Robert Manne , writing in The Age in 2007 , commented that :",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": "Media Watch was once , unashamedly , a program of the left.. . was sometimes unbalanced and unfair , usually intelligent and witty , always fearless and tough . No program more effectively tracked the steady drift of the political culture to the right . No program more effectively scrutinised the politics and practices of the contemporary commercial mainstream media—the rise of commentariat Islamophobia , the scandal of cash for comment . The fact that it was not impartial was the key to its unpopularity in certain quarters , but also to its importance and success .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Media analysis programs and segments on Sky News Australia also describe the program as having consistent left wing bias , but see this as a weakness and not a strength of the program . Following the 2019 federal election , Sky News Australia media analyst Chris Kenny wrote for The Australian that the programs reliance on Labor Party or trade union-aligned journalists to criticise News Limited , coupled with a failure to disclose those associations , undermines the credibility of host Barrys editorials against News Limited .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": "The Australian , which is regularly criticised by Media Watch , has been a long-term counter-critic of the show . In August 2007 it editorialised that Media Watch lacks journalistic integrity and conducts its affairs along the lines of an insiders club that pushes its ideological prejudice at taxpayers expense .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " In June 2007 , an episode of Media Watch entitled Have Your Spray strongly criticised The Daily Telegraph , among others , for failing to censor racist comments on their website forums posted over an extended period , but then allowed strongly anti-Semitic comments to remain on its own web forum for a few minutes until removed . The ABC later launched an internal inquiry into Media Watch reliance on IslamicSydney , an Islamic website that peddle [ s ] anti-Semitic and jihadi messages , for this story .",
"title": "Reception"
}
] |
/wiki/Media_Watch_(TV_program)#P371#5
|
Media Watch (TV program) was presented by whom in Dec 2013?
|
Media Watch ( TV program ) Media Watch is an Australian media analysis television program currently presented by Paul Barry for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . The program focuses on critiquing the Australian media together with interconnections including political . In 1999 , Media Watch played a key role in revealing the unethical behaviour of radio talkback hosts , which became known as the cash for comment affair and was the subject of an investigation by what was then the Australian Broadcasting Authority ( ABA ) . Format . Media Watch is a 15-minute program which identifies , investigates and examines instances of what the program determines to be failings in news coverage by Australian media outlets . The series features a single host speaking directly to camera , detailing a mix of amusing or embarrassing editing gaffes ( such as miscaptioned photographs or spelling errors ) as well as more serious criticism including media bias and breaches of journalistic ethics and standards . Over the years , the programs emphasis has shifted towards the latter . Although most episodes of Media Watch focus on any recent incidents of media misconduct , episodes sometimes focus on a single issue of particular importance ( for instance , news coverage of a recent election ) . Presenters . Stuart Littlemore was the inaugural host of Media Watch and remains the longest-running host to date . Following his nine-year tenure , various other journalists have hosted the program . Paul Barry , who previously hosted the program in 2000 and for a brief period in 2010 , resumed hosting duties in 2013 . - Stuart Littlemore ( 1989–97 ) - Richard Ackland ( 1998–99 ) - David Marr ( 2002–04 ) - Liz Jackson ( 2005 ) - Monica Attard ( 2006–07 ) - Jonathan Holmes ( 2008–13 ) - Paul Barry ( 2000 , 2010 , 2013– ) Notable pieces . Cash for comment . In 1999 , Media Watch revealed that influential talkback radio hosts Alan Jones and John Laws had been paid to provide favourable on-air comment about companies such as Qantas , Optus , Foxtel and Mirvac without disclosing these arrangements to listeners . It also persistently criticised the then Australian Broadcasting Authority ( superseded by the Australian Communications and Media Authority , or ACMA , in 2005 ) as impotent or unwilling to regulate broadcast media , and to properly scrutinise figures such as Jones and Laws . The revelations won Media Watch staffers Richard Ackland , Deborah Richards and Anne Connolly two Walkley Awards : the Gold Walkley , and the Walkley for TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 10 Minutes ) . In 2004 , Media Watch played a major part in forcing the resignation of ABA head David Flint after it was discovered that Flint had sent Jones admiring and effusive letters at a time when the ABA was investigating Jones concerning further cash for comment allegations . The reports won Media Watch another Walkley , TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 20 Minutes ) to staffers David Marr , Peter McEvoy and Sally Virgoe . 60 Minutes 1995 massacre at Srebrenica story . In 2002 , Channel Nine 60 Minutes reporter Richard Carleton sued Media Watch over allegations of plagiarism . The judge found that the allegations were untrue and declined to award any damages . The ABC World Today reported on 18 December 2002 : The veteran reporter was horrified to see Media Watch accuse him of plagiarising a BBC documentary on the 1995 massacre at Srebrenica for his Channel Nine program . But today a judge ruled that even though the program did defame Mr Richard Carleton and two colleagues , it was fair comment and no damages were awarded . The Truth Behind Tuam . In June 2014 , Media Watch examined false claims of a mass grave being discovered in County Galway , on the west coast of Ireland , found on the site of an old mother and baby home run by nuns in the town of Tuam . The story was repeated by global broadcasters including the ABC . In his editorial about the incident , Barry concluded , So why did the media fall for it ? .. . [ I ] t matched our prejudices . And it made such great headlines , it was really too good to check . And who cared if it suggested those nuns were mass murderers ? Cancellation and return . Media Watchs ability to generate controversy led to the temporary cancellation of the show . In 2000 , Barry was controversially sacked and , in 2001 , the program itself was axed by Jonathan Shier , the head of the ABC . However , in early 2002 , after Shier was himself sacked in similarly controversial circumstances , the show returned with David Marr as the new host . While Media Watch was off air , former host Stuart Littlemore presented a replacement program , Littlemore , that also examined issues about the media , running for 13 episodes between March and May 2001 . Media Bites . Starting in 2017 in conjunction with Media Watchs return , a weekly online spin-off series , Media Bites , was created . A new episode is uploaded every Thursday to the programs website , social media outlets , iView and ABCs official YouTube channel , each episode running for about two minutes . Unlike the main show , Media Bites is more casual in presentation , and Barry sits in the production office ( not a studio ) talking to the camera in a position similar to many online vloggers . Barry is often in more casual clothing using the light source of the office instead of professional lighting . Each episode has the same format , two mini-stories and the weeks alternative fact . The mini-stories are in essence a shorter version of the main series in-depth format , introducing the story and explaining the problem . For example , a story where Womans Day ran an article about Paul Hogans ex-wife ( Noelene Hogan ) in which , using a photo of Noelene with her son , the article incorrectly portrays the son as her deceased partner Reg , stating the couple were a cute pair , only to be corrected by a tweet from a family member . The Alternative Fact of the Week points out an incorrect or baffling tidbit , often involving US President Donald Trump . Episodes conclude with a teaser for the following episode of the main show . The episodes contain the same sarcasm and quips from Barry as does the main show . Episodes are edited in a similar fashion to the main show , with relevant corresponding images , text and effects relating to his narration . The stand-out difference in editing is that subtitles are permanently part of the video along the bottom of the screen , instead of being an optional closed caption . Reception . The shows presenters have taken some pride in the vehemence of the criticism it attracts ; at one point , the opening credits were made up of a montage of such criticisms , prominently featuring a description of original presenter Stuart Littlemore as a pompous git . In 2002 , the then-editor of The Daily Telegraph , Campbell Reid , sent host David Marr a dead fish ; a replica of it is now awarded as the Campbell Reid Perpetual Trophy for the Brazen Recycling of Other Peoples Work . Known as The Barra and bearing the motto Carpe Verbatim , it is awarded annually for bad journalism and particularly plagiarism ( a practice for which Reid was frequently criticised ) . Media Watch scrutinises all media outlets , and has criticised its own network , the ABC . When Marr was host from 2002 to 2004 , the show often criticised Marrs employer John Fairfax Holdings . Robert Manne , writing in The Age in 2007 , commented that : Media Watch was once , unashamedly , a program of the left.. . was sometimes unbalanced and unfair , usually intelligent and witty , always fearless and tough . No program more effectively tracked the steady drift of the political culture to the right . No program more effectively scrutinised the politics and practices of the contemporary commercial mainstream media—the rise of commentariat Islamophobia , the scandal of cash for comment . The fact that it was not impartial was the key to its unpopularity in certain quarters , but also to its importance and success . Media analysis programs and segments on Sky News Australia also describe the program as having consistent left wing bias , but see this as a weakness and not a strength of the program . Following the 2019 federal election , Sky News Australia media analyst Chris Kenny wrote for The Australian that the programs reliance on Labor Party or trade union-aligned journalists to criticise News Limited , coupled with a failure to disclose those associations , undermines the credibility of host Barrys editorials against News Limited . The Australian , which is regularly criticised by Media Watch , has been a long-term counter-critic of the show . In August 2007 it editorialised that Media Watch lacks journalistic integrity and conducts its affairs along the lines of an insiders club that pushes its ideological prejudice at taxpayers expense . In June 2007 , an episode of Media Watch entitled Have Your Spray strongly criticised The Daily Telegraph , among others , for failing to censor racist comments on their website forums posted over an extended period , but then allowed strongly anti-Semitic comments to remain on its own web forum for a few minutes until removed . The ABC later launched an internal inquiry into Media Watch reliance on IslamicSydney , an Islamic website that peddle [ s ] anti-Semitic and jihadi messages , for this story .
|
[
"Paul Barry"
] |
[
{
"text": " Media Watch is an Australian media analysis television program currently presented by Paul Barry for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . The program focuses on critiquing the Australian media together with interconnections including political . In 1999 , Media Watch played a key role in revealing the unethical behaviour of radio talkback hosts , which became known as the cash for comment affair and was the subject of an investigation by what was then the Australian Broadcasting Authority ( ABA ) .",
"title": "Media Watch ( TV program )"
},
{
"text": " Media Watch is a 15-minute program which identifies , investigates and examines instances of what the program determines to be failings in news coverage by Australian media outlets . The series features a single host speaking directly to camera , detailing a mix of amusing or embarrassing editing gaffes ( such as miscaptioned photographs or spelling errors ) as well as more serious criticism including media bias and breaches of journalistic ethics and standards . Over the years , the programs emphasis has shifted towards the latter .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": "Although most episodes of Media Watch focus on any recent incidents of media misconduct , episodes sometimes focus on a single issue of particular importance ( for instance , news coverage of a recent election ) .",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"text": " Stuart Littlemore was the inaugural host of Media Watch and remains the longest-running host to date . Following his nine-year tenure , various other journalists have hosted the program . Paul Barry , who previously hosted the program in 2000 and for a brief period in 2010 , resumed hosting duties in 2013 . - Stuart Littlemore ( 1989–97 ) - Richard Ackland ( 1998–99 ) - David Marr ( 2002–04 ) - Liz Jackson ( 2005 ) - Monica Attard ( 2006–07 ) - Jonathan Holmes ( 2008–13 )",
"title": "Presenters"
},
{
"text": "- Paul Barry ( 2000 , 2010 , 2013– )",
"title": "Presenters"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , Media Watch revealed that influential talkback radio hosts Alan Jones and John Laws had been paid to provide favourable on-air comment about companies such as Qantas , Optus , Foxtel and Mirvac without disclosing these arrangements to listeners . It also persistently criticised the then Australian Broadcasting Authority ( superseded by the Australian Communications and Media Authority , or ACMA , in 2005 ) as impotent or unwilling to regulate broadcast media , and to properly scrutinise figures such as Jones and Laws . The revelations won Media Watch staffers Richard Ackland , Deborah Richards and Anne",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "Connolly two Walkley Awards : the Gold Walkley , and the Walkley for TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 10 Minutes ) . In 2004 , Media Watch played a major part in forcing the resignation of ABA head David Flint after it was discovered that Flint had sent Jones admiring and effusive letters at a time when the ABA was investigating Jones concerning further cash for comment allegations . The reports won Media Watch another Walkley , TV Current Affairs Reporting ( Less Than 20 Minutes ) to staffers David Marr , Peter McEvoy and Sally Virgoe .",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , Channel Nine 60 Minutes reporter Richard Carleton sued Media Watch over allegations of plagiarism . The judge found that the allegations were untrue and declined to award any damages . The ABC World Today reported on 18 December 2002 : The veteran reporter was horrified to see Media Watch accuse him of plagiarising a BBC documentary on the 1995 massacre at Srebrenica for his Channel Nine program . But today a judge ruled that even though the program did defame Mr Richard Carleton and two colleagues , it was fair comment and no damages were awarded .",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "In June 2014 , Media Watch examined false claims of a mass grave being discovered in County Galway , on the west coast of Ireland , found on the site of an old mother and baby home run by nuns in the town of Tuam . The story was repeated by global broadcasters including the ABC . In his editorial about the incident , Barry concluded , So why did the media fall for it ? .. . [ I ] t matched our prejudices . And it made such great headlines , it was really too good to check",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": ". And who cared if it suggested those nuns were mass murderers ?",
"title": "Cash for comment"
},
{
"text": "Media Watchs ability to generate controversy led to the temporary cancellation of the show . In 2000 , Barry was controversially sacked and , in 2001 , the program itself was axed by Jonathan Shier , the head of the ABC . However , in early 2002 , after Shier was himself sacked in similarly controversial circumstances , the show returned with David Marr as the new host . While Media Watch was off air , former host Stuart Littlemore presented a replacement program , Littlemore , that also examined issues about the media , running for 13 episodes between",
"title": "Cancellation and return"
},
{
"text": "March and May 2001 .",
"title": "Cancellation and return"
},
{
"text": "Starting in 2017 in conjunction with Media Watchs return , a weekly online spin-off series , Media Bites , was created . A new episode is uploaded every Thursday to the programs website , social media outlets , iView and ABCs official YouTube channel , each episode running for about two minutes . Unlike the main show , Media Bites is more casual in presentation , and Barry sits in the production office ( not a studio ) talking to the camera in a position similar to many online vloggers . Barry is often in more casual clothing using the",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "light source of the office instead of professional lighting .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "Each episode has the same format , two mini-stories and the weeks alternative fact . The mini-stories are in essence a shorter version of the main series in-depth format , introducing the story and explaining the problem . For example , a story where Womans Day ran an article about Paul Hogans ex-wife ( Noelene Hogan ) in which , using a photo of Noelene with her son , the article incorrectly portrays the son as her deceased partner Reg , stating the couple were a cute pair , only to be corrected by a tweet from a family member",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": ". The Alternative Fact of the Week points out an incorrect or baffling tidbit , often involving US President Donald Trump . Episodes conclude with a teaser for the following episode of the main show . The episodes contain the same sarcasm and quips from Barry as does the main show .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": " Episodes are edited in a similar fashion to the main show , with relevant corresponding images , text and effects relating to his narration . The stand-out difference in editing is that subtitles are permanently part of the video along the bottom of the screen , instead of being an optional closed caption .",
"title": "Media Bites"
},
{
"text": "The shows presenters have taken some pride in the vehemence of the criticism it attracts ; at one point , the opening credits were made up of a montage of such criticisms , prominently featuring a description of original presenter Stuart Littlemore as a pompous git . In 2002 , the then-editor of The Daily Telegraph , Campbell Reid , sent host David Marr a dead fish ; a replica of it is now awarded as the Campbell Reid Perpetual Trophy for the Brazen Recycling of Other Peoples Work . Known as The Barra and bearing the motto Carpe Verbatim",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": ", it is awarded annually for bad journalism and particularly plagiarism ( a practice for which Reid was frequently criticised ) .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Media Watch scrutinises all media outlets , and has criticised its own network , the ABC . When Marr was host from 2002 to 2004 , the show often criticised Marrs employer John Fairfax Holdings . Robert Manne , writing in The Age in 2007 , commented that :",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": "Media Watch was once , unashamedly , a program of the left.. . was sometimes unbalanced and unfair , usually intelligent and witty , always fearless and tough . No program more effectively tracked the steady drift of the political culture to the right . No program more effectively scrutinised the politics and practices of the contemporary commercial mainstream media—the rise of commentariat Islamophobia , the scandal of cash for comment . The fact that it was not impartial was the key to its unpopularity in certain quarters , but also to its importance and success .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Media analysis programs and segments on Sky News Australia also describe the program as having consistent left wing bias , but see this as a weakness and not a strength of the program . Following the 2019 federal election , Sky News Australia media analyst Chris Kenny wrote for The Australian that the programs reliance on Labor Party or trade union-aligned journalists to criticise News Limited , coupled with a failure to disclose those associations , undermines the credibility of host Barrys editorials against News Limited .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": "The Australian , which is regularly criticised by Media Watch , has been a long-term counter-critic of the show . In August 2007 it editorialised that Media Watch lacks journalistic integrity and conducts its affairs along the lines of an insiders club that pushes its ideological prejudice at taxpayers expense .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " In June 2007 , an episode of Media Watch entitled Have Your Spray strongly criticised The Daily Telegraph , among others , for failing to censor racist comments on their website forums posted over an extended period , but then allowed strongly anti-Semitic comments to remain on its own web forum for a few minutes until removed . The ABC later launched an internal inquiry into Media Watch reliance on IslamicSydney , an Islamic website that peddle [ s ] anti-Semitic and jihadi messages , for this story .",
"title": "Reception"
}
] |
/wiki/Richard_Lochhead#P39#0
|
What position did Richard Lochhead take before Apr 2000?
|
Richard Lochhead Richard Neilson Lochhead ( born 24 May 1969 ) is a Scottish National Party ( SNP ) politician who is Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work and has been the Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for Moray since 2006 . He was previously an MSP for North East Scotland 1999–2006 and served as the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs , Food and Environment from 2007 to 2016 , and the Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science from 2018 to 2021 . Background and early career . A native of Paisley , Lochhead attended Williamwood High School in Clarkston and Central College of Commerce in Glasgow before he graduated in 1994 in Political Studies from the University of Stirling . He worked for the SNP leader , Alex Salmond , as his Office Manager from 1994 to 1998 , before becoming an environmental development officer for Dundee City Council . He was the SNP candidate in Gordon in the 1997 UK General Election , where he finished third . He subsequently fought the Aberdeen Central constituency in both 1999 and 2003 , but came second to Lewis Macdonald each time . Scottish Parliament . Lochhead was elected to the Scottish Parliament at the 1999 election and re-elected at the 2003 election for the North East Scotland Region . In January 2006 he was selected as the SNP candidate for Moray for the 2007 Scottish Parliament elections , following the announcement that Margaret Ewing MSP would be retiring . He beat Margaret Ewings sister-in-law , former MP Annabelle Ewing in the selection . Ewings premature death triggered a by-election and Lochhead resigned his additional member seat in April 2006 in order to successfully contest the Moray by-election . He was elected on 28 April 2006 . This was the first time since the Second World War that an incumbent party had retained a by-election seat without losing votes or having their majority or share of the vote lowered . He was convener of the European and External Relations Committee of the Scottish Parliament 11 June 2003 – 14 September 2004 . In opposition he held the SNPs portfolios on Environment , Energy , Fishing and Rural Affairs in the Scottish Parliament . After the SNPs victory at the 2007 Scottish Parliament Election , it was announced on 16 May 2007 that Lochhead would be the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs and Environment , taking up the position the following day . The junior Ministerial position of Minister for the Environment was initially given to Michael Russell ( currently held by Aileen McLeod ) . In May 2007 , Lochhead started his tenure with promises to relentlessly pursue the Scottish fishing interests on behalf of fishermen and their communities . Lochhead was re-elected at the 2011 election with a further increased majority of 10,944 . He announced his resignation as Environment Secretary , effective on 18 May 2016 , as Nicola Sturgeon put together her reshuffle to appoint the second Sturgeon government . On 31 August 2018 he was announced as Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science . He retained his seat at the 2021 Scottish Parliament election , with an increased majority , number of votes and percentage of votes cast . After the election , he was appointed as Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work in 2021 Personal life . Richard Lochhead is married to Fiona , and they have two children together . External links . - personal website - profile on SNP website
|
[
"MSP for North East Scotland"
] |
[
{
"text": " Richard Neilson Lochhead ( born 24 May 1969 ) is a Scottish National Party ( SNP ) politician who is Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work and has been the Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for Moray since 2006 . He was previously an MSP for North East Scotland 1999–2006 and served as the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs , Food and Environment from 2007 to 2016 , and the Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science from 2018 to 2021 . Background and early career .",
"title": "Richard Lochhead"
},
{
"text": "A native of Paisley , Lochhead attended Williamwood High School in Clarkston and Central College of Commerce in Glasgow before he graduated in 1994 in Political Studies from the University of Stirling . He worked for the SNP leader , Alex Salmond , as his Office Manager from 1994 to 1998 , before becoming an environmental development officer for Dundee City Council . He was the SNP candidate in Gordon in the 1997 UK General Election , where he finished third . He subsequently fought the Aberdeen Central constituency in both 1999 and 2003 , but came second to Lewis",
"title": "Richard Lochhead"
},
{
"text": "Macdonald each time .",
"title": "Richard Lochhead"
},
{
"text": "Lochhead was elected to the Scottish Parliament at the 1999 election and re-elected at the 2003 election for the North East Scotland Region . In January 2006 he was selected as the SNP candidate for Moray for the 2007 Scottish Parliament elections , following the announcement that Margaret Ewing MSP would be retiring . He beat Margaret Ewings sister-in-law , former MP Annabelle Ewing in the selection . Ewings premature death triggered a by-election and Lochhead resigned his additional member seat in April 2006 in order to successfully contest the Moray by-election . He was elected on 28 April 2006",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": ". This was the first time since the Second World War that an incumbent party had retained a by-election seat without losing votes or having their majority or share of the vote lowered .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": " He was convener of the European and External Relations Committee of the Scottish Parliament 11 June 2003 – 14 September 2004 . In opposition he held the SNPs portfolios on Environment , Energy , Fishing and Rural Affairs in the Scottish Parliament .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": "After the SNPs victory at the 2007 Scottish Parliament Election , it was announced on 16 May 2007 that Lochhead would be the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs and Environment , taking up the position the following day . The junior Ministerial position of Minister for the Environment was initially given to Michael Russell ( currently held by Aileen McLeod ) . In May 2007 , Lochhead started his tenure with promises to relentlessly pursue the Scottish fishing interests on behalf of fishermen and their communities .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": " Lochhead was re-elected at the 2011 election with a further increased majority of 10,944 . He announced his resignation as Environment Secretary , effective on 18 May 2016 , as Nicola Sturgeon put together her reshuffle to appoint the second Sturgeon government . On 31 August 2018 he was announced as Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science . He retained his seat at the 2021 Scottish Parliament election , with an increased majority , number of votes and percentage of votes cast .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": "After the election , he was appointed as Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work in 2021",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": " - personal website - profile on SNP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Richard_Lochhead#P39#1
|
What position did Richard Lochhead take in Dec 2003?
|
Richard Lochhead Richard Neilson Lochhead ( born 24 May 1969 ) is a Scottish National Party ( SNP ) politician who is Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work and has been the Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for Moray since 2006 . He was previously an MSP for North East Scotland 1999–2006 and served as the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs , Food and Environment from 2007 to 2016 , and the Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science from 2018 to 2021 . Background and early career . A native of Paisley , Lochhead attended Williamwood High School in Clarkston and Central College of Commerce in Glasgow before he graduated in 1994 in Political Studies from the University of Stirling . He worked for the SNP leader , Alex Salmond , as his Office Manager from 1994 to 1998 , before becoming an environmental development officer for Dundee City Council . He was the SNP candidate in Gordon in the 1997 UK General Election , where he finished third . He subsequently fought the Aberdeen Central constituency in both 1999 and 2003 , but came second to Lewis Macdonald each time . Scottish Parliament . Lochhead was elected to the Scottish Parliament at the 1999 election and re-elected at the 2003 election for the North East Scotland Region . In January 2006 he was selected as the SNP candidate for Moray for the 2007 Scottish Parliament elections , following the announcement that Margaret Ewing MSP would be retiring . He beat Margaret Ewings sister-in-law , former MP Annabelle Ewing in the selection . Ewings premature death triggered a by-election and Lochhead resigned his additional member seat in April 2006 in order to successfully contest the Moray by-election . He was elected on 28 April 2006 . This was the first time since the Second World War that an incumbent party had retained a by-election seat without losing votes or having their majority or share of the vote lowered . He was convener of the European and External Relations Committee of the Scottish Parliament 11 June 2003 – 14 September 2004 . In opposition he held the SNPs portfolios on Environment , Energy , Fishing and Rural Affairs in the Scottish Parliament . After the SNPs victory at the 2007 Scottish Parliament Election , it was announced on 16 May 2007 that Lochhead would be the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs and Environment , taking up the position the following day . The junior Ministerial position of Minister for the Environment was initially given to Michael Russell ( currently held by Aileen McLeod ) . In May 2007 , Lochhead started his tenure with promises to relentlessly pursue the Scottish fishing interests on behalf of fishermen and their communities . Lochhead was re-elected at the 2011 election with a further increased majority of 10,944 . He announced his resignation as Environment Secretary , effective on 18 May 2016 , as Nicola Sturgeon put together her reshuffle to appoint the second Sturgeon government . On 31 August 2018 he was announced as Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science . He retained his seat at the 2021 Scottish Parliament election , with an increased majority , number of votes and percentage of votes cast . After the election , he was appointed as Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work in 2021 Personal life . Richard Lochhead is married to Fiona , and they have two children together . External links . - personal website - profile on SNP website
|
[
"MSP for North East Scotland"
] |
[
{
"text": " Richard Neilson Lochhead ( born 24 May 1969 ) is a Scottish National Party ( SNP ) politician who is Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work and has been the Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for Moray since 2006 . He was previously an MSP for North East Scotland 1999–2006 and served as the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs , Food and Environment from 2007 to 2016 , and the Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science from 2018 to 2021 . Background and early career .",
"title": "Richard Lochhead"
},
{
"text": "A native of Paisley , Lochhead attended Williamwood High School in Clarkston and Central College of Commerce in Glasgow before he graduated in 1994 in Political Studies from the University of Stirling . He worked for the SNP leader , Alex Salmond , as his Office Manager from 1994 to 1998 , before becoming an environmental development officer for Dundee City Council . He was the SNP candidate in Gordon in the 1997 UK General Election , where he finished third . He subsequently fought the Aberdeen Central constituency in both 1999 and 2003 , but came second to Lewis",
"title": "Richard Lochhead"
},
{
"text": "Macdonald each time .",
"title": "Richard Lochhead"
},
{
"text": "Lochhead was elected to the Scottish Parliament at the 1999 election and re-elected at the 2003 election for the North East Scotland Region . In January 2006 he was selected as the SNP candidate for Moray for the 2007 Scottish Parliament elections , following the announcement that Margaret Ewing MSP would be retiring . He beat Margaret Ewings sister-in-law , former MP Annabelle Ewing in the selection . Ewings premature death triggered a by-election and Lochhead resigned his additional member seat in April 2006 in order to successfully contest the Moray by-election . He was elected on 28 April 2006",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": ". This was the first time since the Second World War that an incumbent party had retained a by-election seat without losing votes or having their majority or share of the vote lowered .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": " He was convener of the European and External Relations Committee of the Scottish Parliament 11 June 2003 – 14 September 2004 . In opposition he held the SNPs portfolios on Environment , Energy , Fishing and Rural Affairs in the Scottish Parliament .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": "After the SNPs victory at the 2007 Scottish Parliament Election , it was announced on 16 May 2007 that Lochhead would be the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs and Environment , taking up the position the following day . The junior Ministerial position of Minister for the Environment was initially given to Michael Russell ( currently held by Aileen McLeod ) . In May 2007 , Lochhead started his tenure with promises to relentlessly pursue the Scottish fishing interests on behalf of fishermen and their communities .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": " Lochhead was re-elected at the 2011 election with a further increased majority of 10,944 . He announced his resignation as Environment Secretary , effective on 18 May 2016 , as Nicola Sturgeon put together her reshuffle to appoint the second Sturgeon government . On 31 August 2018 he was announced as Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science . He retained his seat at the 2021 Scottish Parliament election , with an increased majority , number of votes and percentage of votes cast .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": "After the election , he was appointed as Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work in 2021",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": " - personal website - profile on SNP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Richard_Lochhead#P39#2
|
What position did Richard Lochhead take between Apr 2008 and May 2009?
|
Richard Lochhead Richard Neilson Lochhead ( born 24 May 1969 ) is a Scottish National Party ( SNP ) politician who is Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work and has been the Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for Moray since 2006 . He was previously an MSP for North East Scotland 1999–2006 and served as the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs , Food and Environment from 2007 to 2016 , and the Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science from 2018 to 2021 . Background and early career . A native of Paisley , Lochhead attended Williamwood High School in Clarkston and Central College of Commerce in Glasgow before he graduated in 1994 in Political Studies from the University of Stirling . He worked for the SNP leader , Alex Salmond , as his Office Manager from 1994 to 1998 , before becoming an environmental development officer for Dundee City Council . He was the SNP candidate in Gordon in the 1997 UK General Election , where he finished third . He subsequently fought the Aberdeen Central constituency in both 1999 and 2003 , but came second to Lewis Macdonald each time . Scottish Parliament . Lochhead was elected to the Scottish Parliament at the 1999 election and re-elected at the 2003 election for the North East Scotland Region . In January 2006 he was selected as the SNP candidate for Moray for the 2007 Scottish Parliament elections , following the announcement that Margaret Ewing MSP would be retiring . He beat Margaret Ewings sister-in-law , former MP Annabelle Ewing in the selection . Ewings premature death triggered a by-election and Lochhead resigned his additional member seat in April 2006 in order to successfully contest the Moray by-election . He was elected on 28 April 2006 . This was the first time since the Second World War that an incumbent party had retained a by-election seat without losing votes or having their majority or share of the vote lowered . He was convener of the European and External Relations Committee of the Scottish Parliament 11 June 2003 – 14 September 2004 . In opposition he held the SNPs portfolios on Environment , Energy , Fishing and Rural Affairs in the Scottish Parliament . After the SNPs victory at the 2007 Scottish Parliament Election , it was announced on 16 May 2007 that Lochhead would be the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs and Environment , taking up the position the following day . The junior Ministerial position of Minister for the Environment was initially given to Michael Russell ( currently held by Aileen McLeod ) . In May 2007 , Lochhead started his tenure with promises to relentlessly pursue the Scottish fishing interests on behalf of fishermen and their communities . Lochhead was re-elected at the 2011 election with a further increased majority of 10,944 . He announced his resignation as Environment Secretary , effective on 18 May 2016 , as Nicola Sturgeon put together her reshuffle to appoint the second Sturgeon government . On 31 August 2018 he was announced as Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science . He retained his seat at the 2021 Scottish Parliament election , with an increased majority , number of votes and percentage of votes cast . After the election , he was appointed as Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work in 2021 Personal life . Richard Lochhead is married to Fiona , and they have two children together . External links . - personal website - profile on SNP website
|
[
"Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for Moray"
] |
[
{
"text": " Richard Neilson Lochhead ( born 24 May 1969 ) is a Scottish National Party ( SNP ) politician who is Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work and has been the Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for Moray since 2006 . He was previously an MSP for North East Scotland 1999–2006 and served as the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs , Food and Environment from 2007 to 2016 , and the Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science from 2018 to 2021 . Background and early career .",
"title": "Richard Lochhead"
},
{
"text": "A native of Paisley , Lochhead attended Williamwood High School in Clarkston and Central College of Commerce in Glasgow before he graduated in 1994 in Political Studies from the University of Stirling . He worked for the SNP leader , Alex Salmond , as his Office Manager from 1994 to 1998 , before becoming an environmental development officer for Dundee City Council . He was the SNP candidate in Gordon in the 1997 UK General Election , where he finished third . He subsequently fought the Aberdeen Central constituency in both 1999 and 2003 , but came second to Lewis",
"title": "Richard Lochhead"
},
{
"text": "Macdonald each time .",
"title": "Richard Lochhead"
},
{
"text": "Lochhead was elected to the Scottish Parliament at the 1999 election and re-elected at the 2003 election for the North East Scotland Region . In January 2006 he was selected as the SNP candidate for Moray for the 2007 Scottish Parliament elections , following the announcement that Margaret Ewing MSP would be retiring . He beat Margaret Ewings sister-in-law , former MP Annabelle Ewing in the selection . Ewings premature death triggered a by-election and Lochhead resigned his additional member seat in April 2006 in order to successfully contest the Moray by-election . He was elected on 28 April 2006",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": ". This was the first time since the Second World War that an incumbent party had retained a by-election seat without losing votes or having their majority or share of the vote lowered .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": " He was convener of the European and External Relations Committee of the Scottish Parliament 11 June 2003 – 14 September 2004 . In opposition he held the SNPs portfolios on Environment , Energy , Fishing and Rural Affairs in the Scottish Parliament .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": "After the SNPs victory at the 2007 Scottish Parliament Election , it was announced on 16 May 2007 that Lochhead would be the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs and Environment , taking up the position the following day . The junior Ministerial position of Minister for the Environment was initially given to Michael Russell ( currently held by Aileen McLeod ) . In May 2007 , Lochhead started his tenure with promises to relentlessly pursue the Scottish fishing interests on behalf of fishermen and their communities .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": " Lochhead was re-elected at the 2011 election with a further increased majority of 10,944 . He announced his resignation as Environment Secretary , effective on 18 May 2016 , as Nicola Sturgeon put together her reshuffle to appoint the second Sturgeon government . On 31 August 2018 he was announced as Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science . He retained his seat at the 2021 Scottish Parliament election , with an increased majority , number of votes and percentage of votes cast .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": "After the election , he was appointed as Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work in 2021",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": " - personal website - profile on SNP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Richard_Lochhead#P39#3
|
What position did Richard Lochhead take between Feb 2012 and Apr 2012?
|
Richard Lochhead Richard Neilson Lochhead ( born 24 May 1969 ) is a Scottish National Party ( SNP ) politician who is Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work and has been the Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for Moray since 2006 . He was previously an MSP for North East Scotland 1999–2006 and served as the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs , Food and Environment from 2007 to 2016 , and the Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science from 2018 to 2021 . Background and early career . A native of Paisley , Lochhead attended Williamwood High School in Clarkston and Central College of Commerce in Glasgow before he graduated in 1994 in Political Studies from the University of Stirling . He worked for the SNP leader , Alex Salmond , as his Office Manager from 1994 to 1998 , before becoming an environmental development officer for Dundee City Council . He was the SNP candidate in Gordon in the 1997 UK General Election , where he finished third . He subsequently fought the Aberdeen Central constituency in both 1999 and 2003 , but came second to Lewis Macdonald each time . Scottish Parliament . Lochhead was elected to the Scottish Parliament at the 1999 election and re-elected at the 2003 election for the North East Scotland Region . In January 2006 he was selected as the SNP candidate for Moray for the 2007 Scottish Parliament elections , following the announcement that Margaret Ewing MSP would be retiring . He beat Margaret Ewings sister-in-law , former MP Annabelle Ewing in the selection . Ewings premature death triggered a by-election and Lochhead resigned his additional member seat in April 2006 in order to successfully contest the Moray by-election . He was elected on 28 April 2006 . This was the first time since the Second World War that an incumbent party had retained a by-election seat without losing votes or having their majority or share of the vote lowered . He was convener of the European and External Relations Committee of the Scottish Parliament 11 June 2003 – 14 September 2004 . In opposition he held the SNPs portfolios on Environment , Energy , Fishing and Rural Affairs in the Scottish Parliament . After the SNPs victory at the 2007 Scottish Parliament Election , it was announced on 16 May 2007 that Lochhead would be the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs and Environment , taking up the position the following day . The junior Ministerial position of Minister for the Environment was initially given to Michael Russell ( currently held by Aileen McLeod ) . In May 2007 , Lochhead started his tenure with promises to relentlessly pursue the Scottish fishing interests on behalf of fishermen and their communities . Lochhead was re-elected at the 2011 election with a further increased majority of 10,944 . He announced his resignation as Environment Secretary , effective on 18 May 2016 , as Nicola Sturgeon put together her reshuffle to appoint the second Sturgeon government . On 31 August 2018 he was announced as Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science . He retained his seat at the 2021 Scottish Parliament election , with an increased majority , number of votes and percentage of votes cast . After the election , he was appointed as Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work in 2021 Personal life . Richard Lochhead is married to Fiona , and they have two children together . External links . - personal website - profile on SNP website
|
[
"Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for Moray"
] |
[
{
"text": " Richard Neilson Lochhead ( born 24 May 1969 ) is a Scottish National Party ( SNP ) politician who is Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work and has been the Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP ) for Moray since 2006 . He was previously an MSP for North East Scotland 1999–2006 and served as the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs , Food and Environment from 2007 to 2016 , and the Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science from 2018 to 2021 . Background and early career .",
"title": "Richard Lochhead"
},
{
"text": "A native of Paisley , Lochhead attended Williamwood High School in Clarkston and Central College of Commerce in Glasgow before he graduated in 1994 in Political Studies from the University of Stirling . He worked for the SNP leader , Alex Salmond , as his Office Manager from 1994 to 1998 , before becoming an environmental development officer for Dundee City Council . He was the SNP candidate in Gordon in the 1997 UK General Election , where he finished third . He subsequently fought the Aberdeen Central constituency in both 1999 and 2003 , but came second to Lewis",
"title": "Richard Lochhead"
},
{
"text": "Macdonald each time .",
"title": "Richard Lochhead"
},
{
"text": "Lochhead was elected to the Scottish Parliament at the 1999 election and re-elected at the 2003 election for the North East Scotland Region . In January 2006 he was selected as the SNP candidate for Moray for the 2007 Scottish Parliament elections , following the announcement that Margaret Ewing MSP would be retiring . He beat Margaret Ewings sister-in-law , former MP Annabelle Ewing in the selection . Ewings premature death triggered a by-election and Lochhead resigned his additional member seat in April 2006 in order to successfully contest the Moray by-election . He was elected on 28 April 2006",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": ". This was the first time since the Second World War that an incumbent party had retained a by-election seat without losing votes or having their majority or share of the vote lowered .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": " He was convener of the European and External Relations Committee of the Scottish Parliament 11 June 2003 – 14 September 2004 . In opposition he held the SNPs portfolios on Environment , Energy , Fishing and Rural Affairs in the Scottish Parliament .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": "After the SNPs victory at the 2007 Scottish Parliament Election , it was announced on 16 May 2007 that Lochhead would be the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs and Environment , taking up the position the following day . The junior Ministerial position of Minister for the Environment was initially given to Michael Russell ( currently held by Aileen McLeod ) . In May 2007 , Lochhead started his tenure with promises to relentlessly pursue the Scottish fishing interests on behalf of fishermen and their communities .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": " Lochhead was re-elected at the 2011 election with a further increased majority of 10,944 . He announced his resignation as Environment Secretary , effective on 18 May 2016 , as Nicola Sturgeon put together her reshuffle to appoint the second Sturgeon government . On 31 August 2018 he was announced as Minister for Further Education , Higher Education and Science . He retained his seat at the 2021 Scottish Parliament election , with an increased majority , number of votes and percentage of votes cast .",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": "After the election , he was appointed as Minister for Just Transition , Employment and Fair Work in 2021",
"title": "Scottish Parliament"
},
{
"text": " - personal website - profile on SNP website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Bruce_Campbell_(historian)#P463#0
|
What organization or association or team did Bruce Campbell (historian) join in 1997?
|
Bruce Campbell ( historian ) Bruce Mortimer Stanley Campbell , FBA , MRIA , MAE , FRHistS , FAcSS ( born 11 June 1949 ) is a British economic historian . From 1995 to 2014 , he was Professor of Medieval Economic History at Queens University Belfast , where he remains an emeritus professor . Career . Bruce Mortimer Stanley Campbell was born in Hertfordshire on 11 June 1949 to Reginald Arthur Mortimer and Mary Campbell . After graduating from the University of Liverpool in 1970 with a first-class Bachelor of Arts degree in geography , Campbell completed his doctorate under the supervision of Dr Alan Baker at Darwin College , Cambridge , in 1975 , with a thesis entitled Field systems in eastern Norfolk during the Middle Ages : a study with particular reference to the demographic and agrarian changes of the fourteenth century . He lectured in geography at Queens University Belfast from 1973 and the university appointed him to a readership in economic history in 1992 ; he remained in that post until his appointment as Professor of Medieval Economic History in 1995 . According to his British Academy profile , his research relates to the economic history of late-medieval Britain and Ireland , with particular reference to human-environment interactions during the 14th century and trends in agricultural output and productivity from the 13th to 19th centuries . Honours . Campbell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2001 , an Academician of Social Sciences ( later renamed Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences ) two years later , and a Fellow of the British Academy ( FBA ) , the United Kingdoms national academy for the humanities and social sciences , in 2009 . He has also been a Member of the Royal Irish Academy since 1997 and a Member of the Academia Europaea since 2013 . He also won the Economic History Associations Arthur H . Cole Prize in 1984 , and his book English Seigniorial Agriculture 1250–1450 ( 2000 ) was named proxime accesit for the Royal Historical Societys Whitfield Prize in 2000 . He was the dedicatee of a festschrift edited by Maryanne Kowaleski , John Langdon and Phillipp Schofield : Peasants and Lords in the Medieval English Economy : Essays in Honour of Bruce M . S . Campbell ( Brepols , 2015 ) . Selected works . - The Great Transition : Climate , Disease and Society in the Late-Medieval World ( Cambridge University Press , 2016 ) . - ( Co-authored with Stephen N . Broadberry , Alexander Klein , Bas van Leeuwen and Mark Overton ) British Economic Growth , 1270–1870 ( Cambridge University Press , 2015 ) . - Nature as historical protagonist : environment and society in pre-industrial England ( the 2008 Tawney Memorial Lecture ) , Economic History Review , vol . 63 , no . 2 ( 2010 ) , pp . 281–314 . - Field Systems and Farming Systems in Late Medieval England ( Ashgate , 2008 ) . - Land and People in Late Medieval England ( Ashgate , 2007 ) . - The Medieval Antecedents of English Agricultural Progress ( Ashgate , 2007 ) . - ( Co-authored with Ken Bartley ) England on the Eve of the Black Death : An Atlas of Lay Lordship , Land , and Wealth , 1300–49 ( Manchester University Press , 2006 ) . - English Seigniorial Agriculture 1250–1450 ( Cambridge University Press , 2000 ) . - ( Edited with R . H . Britnell ) A Commercialising Economy : England 1086–c . 1300 ( Manchester University Press , 1995 ) . - ( Co-authored with James A . Galloway , Derek Keene and Margaret Murphy ) A Medieval Capital and its Grain Supply : Agrarian Production and its Distribution in the London Region c . 1300 , Historical Geography Research series , no . 30 ( Institute of British Geographers , 1993 ) . - ( Edited ) Before the Black Death : Studies in the Crisis of the Early Fourteenth Century ( Manchester University Press , 1991 ) . - ( Co-edited with Mark Overton ) Land , Labour and Livestock : Historical Studies in European Agricultural Productivity ( Manchester University Press , 1991 ) . Campbell has also produced a database , Three Centuries of English Crop Yields , 1211–1491 , bringing together data on pre-modern harvests .
|
[
"Member of the Royal Irish Academy"
] |
[
{
"text": " Bruce Mortimer Stanley Campbell , FBA , MRIA , MAE , FRHistS , FAcSS ( born 11 June 1949 ) is a British economic historian . From 1995 to 2014 , he was Professor of Medieval Economic History at Queens University Belfast , where he remains an emeritus professor .",
"title": "Bruce Campbell ( historian )"
},
{
"text": "Bruce Mortimer Stanley Campbell was born in Hertfordshire on 11 June 1949 to Reginald Arthur Mortimer and Mary Campbell . After graduating from the University of Liverpool in 1970 with a first-class Bachelor of Arts degree in geography , Campbell completed his doctorate under the supervision of Dr Alan Baker at Darwin College , Cambridge , in 1975 , with a thesis entitled Field systems in eastern Norfolk during the Middle Ages : a study with particular reference to the demographic and agrarian changes of the fourteenth century . He lectured in geography at Queens University Belfast from 1973 and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "the university appointed him to a readership in economic history in 1992 ; he remained in that post until his appointment as Professor of Medieval Economic History in 1995 . According to his British Academy profile , his research relates to the economic history of late-medieval Britain and Ireland , with particular reference to human-environment interactions during the 14th century and trends in agricultural output and productivity from the 13th to 19th centuries .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Campbell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2001 , an Academician of Social Sciences ( later renamed Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences ) two years later , and a Fellow of the British Academy ( FBA ) , the United Kingdoms national academy for the humanities and social sciences , in 2009 . He has also been a Member of the Royal Irish Academy since 1997 and a Member of the Academia Europaea since 2013 . He also won the Economic History Associations Arthur H . Cole Prize in 1984 , and his book",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": "English Seigniorial Agriculture 1250–1450 ( 2000 ) was named proxime accesit for the Royal Historical Societys Whitfield Prize in 2000 . He was the dedicatee of a festschrift edited by Maryanne Kowaleski , John Langdon and Phillipp Schofield : Peasants and Lords in the Medieval English Economy : Essays in Honour of Bruce M . S . Campbell ( Brepols , 2015 ) .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - The Great Transition : Climate , Disease and Society in the Late-Medieval World ( Cambridge University Press , 2016 ) . - ( Co-authored with Stephen N . Broadberry , Alexander Klein , Bas van Leeuwen and Mark Overton ) British Economic Growth , 1270–1870 ( Cambridge University Press , 2015 ) . - Nature as historical protagonist : environment and society in pre-industrial England ( the 2008 Tawney Memorial Lecture ) , Economic History Review , vol . 63 , no . 2 ( 2010 ) , pp . 281–314 .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- Field Systems and Farming Systems in Late Medieval England ( Ashgate , 2008 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - Land and People in Late Medieval England ( Ashgate , 2007 ) . - The Medieval Antecedents of English Agricultural Progress ( Ashgate , 2007 ) . - ( Co-authored with Ken Bartley ) England on the Eve of the Black Death : An Atlas of Lay Lordship , Land , and Wealth , 1300–49 ( Manchester University Press , 2006 ) . - English Seigniorial Agriculture 1250–1450 ( Cambridge University Press , 2000 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- ( Edited with R . H . Britnell ) A Commercialising Economy : England 1086–c . 1300 ( Manchester University Press , 1995 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - ( Co-authored with James A . Galloway , Derek Keene and Margaret Murphy ) A Medieval Capital and its Grain Supply : Agrarian Production and its Distribution in the London Region c . 1300 , Historical Geography Research series , no . 30 ( Institute of British Geographers , 1993 ) . - ( Edited ) Before the Black Death : Studies in the Crisis of the Early Fourteenth Century ( Manchester University Press , 1991 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- ( Co-edited with Mark Overton ) Land , Labour and Livestock : Historical Studies in European Agricultural Productivity ( Manchester University Press , 1991 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " Campbell has also produced a database , Three Centuries of English Crop Yields , 1211–1491 , bringing together data on pre-modern harvests .",
"title": "Selected works"
}
] |
/wiki/Bruce_Campbell_(historian)#P463#1
|
What organization or association or team did Bruce Campbell (historian) join in 2009?
|
Bruce Campbell ( historian ) Bruce Mortimer Stanley Campbell , FBA , MRIA , MAE , FRHistS , FAcSS ( born 11 June 1949 ) is a British economic historian . From 1995 to 2014 , he was Professor of Medieval Economic History at Queens University Belfast , where he remains an emeritus professor . Career . Bruce Mortimer Stanley Campbell was born in Hertfordshire on 11 June 1949 to Reginald Arthur Mortimer and Mary Campbell . After graduating from the University of Liverpool in 1970 with a first-class Bachelor of Arts degree in geography , Campbell completed his doctorate under the supervision of Dr Alan Baker at Darwin College , Cambridge , in 1975 , with a thesis entitled Field systems in eastern Norfolk during the Middle Ages : a study with particular reference to the demographic and agrarian changes of the fourteenth century . He lectured in geography at Queens University Belfast from 1973 and the university appointed him to a readership in economic history in 1992 ; he remained in that post until his appointment as Professor of Medieval Economic History in 1995 . According to his British Academy profile , his research relates to the economic history of late-medieval Britain and Ireland , with particular reference to human-environment interactions during the 14th century and trends in agricultural output and productivity from the 13th to 19th centuries . Honours . Campbell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2001 , an Academician of Social Sciences ( later renamed Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences ) two years later , and a Fellow of the British Academy ( FBA ) , the United Kingdoms national academy for the humanities and social sciences , in 2009 . He has also been a Member of the Royal Irish Academy since 1997 and a Member of the Academia Europaea since 2013 . He also won the Economic History Associations Arthur H . Cole Prize in 1984 , and his book English Seigniorial Agriculture 1250–1450 ( 2000 ) was named proxime accesit for the Royal Historical Societys Whitfield Prize in 2000 . He was the dedicatee of a festschrift edited by Maryanne Kowaleski , John Langdon and Phillipp Schofield : Peasants and Lords in the Medieval English Economy : Essays in Honour of Bruce M . S . Campbell ( Brepols , 2015 ) . Selected works . - The Great Transition : Climate , Disease and Society in the Late-Medieval World ( Cambridge University Press , 2016 ) . - ( Co-authored with Stephen N . Broadberry , Alexander Klein , Bas van Leeuwen and Mark Overton ) British Economic Growth , 1270–1870 ( Cambridge University Press , 2015 ) . - Nature as historical protagonist : environment and society in pre-industrial England ( the 2008 Tawney Memorial Lecture ) , Economic History Review , vol . 63 , no . 2 ( 2010 ) , pp . 281–314 . - Field Systems and Farming Systems in Late Medieval England ( Ashgate , 2008 ) . - Land and People in Late Medieval England ( Ashgate , 2007 ) . - The Medieval Antecedents of English Agricultural Progress ( Ashgate , 2007 ) . - ( Co-authored with Ken Bartley ) England on the Eve of the Black Death : An Atlas of Lay Lordship , Land , and Wealth , 1300–49 ( Manchester University Press , 2006 ) . - English Seigniorial Agriculture 1250–1450 ( Cambridge University Press , 2000 ) . - ( Edited with R . H . Britnell ) A Commercialising Economy : England 1086–c . 1300 ( Manchester University Press , 1995 ) . - ( Co-authored with James A . Galloway , Derek Keene and Margaret Murphy ) A Medieval Capital and its Grain Supply : Agrarian Production and its Distribution in the London Region c . 1300 , Historical Geography Research series , no . 30 ( Institute of British Geographers , 1993 ) . - ( Edited ) Before the Black Death : Studies in the Crisis of the Early Fourteenth Century ( Manchester University Press , 1991 ) . - ( Co-edited with Mark Overton ) Land , Labour and Livestock : Historical Studies in European Agricultural Productivity ( Manchester University Press , 1991 ) . Campbell has also produced a database , Three Centuries of English Crop Yields , 1211–1491 , bringing together data on pre-modern harvests .
|
[
"British Academy"
] |
[
{
"text": " Bruce Mortimer Stanley Campbell , FBA , MRIA , MAE , FRHistS , FAcSS ( born 11 June 1949 ) is a British economic historian . From 1995 to 2014 , he was Professor of Medieval Economic History at Queens University Belfast , where he remains an emeritus professor .",
"title": "Bruce Campbell ( historian )"
},
{
"text": "Bruce Mortimer Stanley Campbell was born in Hertfordshire on 11 June 1949 to Reginald Arthur Mortimer and Mary Campbell . After graduating from the University of Liverpool in 1970 with a first-class Bachelor of Arts degree in geography , Campbell completed his doctorate under the supervision of Dr Alan Baker at Darwin College , Cambridge , in 1975 , with a thesis entitled Field systems in eastern Norfolk during the Middle Ages : a study with particular reference to the demographic and agrarian changes of the fourteenth century . He lectured in geography at Queens University Belfast from 1973 and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "the university appointed him to a readership in economic history in 1992 ; he remained in that post until his appointment as Professor of Medieval Economic History in 1995 . According to his British Academy profile , his research relates to the economic history of late-medieval Britain and Ireland , with particular reference to human-environment interactions during the 14th century and trends in agricultural output and productivity from the 13th to 19th centuries .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Campbell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2001 , an Academician of Social Sciences ( later renamed Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences ) two years later , and a Fellow of the British Academy ( FBA ) , the United Kingdoms national academy for the humanities and social sciences , in 2009 . He has also been a Member of the Royal Irish Academy since 1997 and a Member of the Academia Europaea since 2013 . He also won the Economic History Associations Arthur H . Cole Prize in 1984 , and his book",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": "English Seigniorial Agriculture 1250–1450 ( 2000 ) was named proxime accesit for the Royal Historical Societys Whitfield Prize in 2000 . He was the dedicatee of a festschrift edited by Maryanne Kowaleski , John Langdon and Phillipp Schofield : Peasants and Lords in the Medieval English Economy : Essays in Honour of Bruce M . S . Campbell ( Brepols , 2015 ) .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - The Great Transition : Climate , Disease and Society in the Late-Medieval World ( Cambridge University Press , 2016 ) . - ( Co-authored with Stephen N . Broadberry , Alexander Klein , Bas van Leeuwen and Mark Overton ) British Economic Growth , 1270–1870 ( Cambridge University Press , 2015 ) . - Nature as historical protagonist : environment and society in pre-industrial England ( the 2008 Tawney Memorial Lecture ) , Economic History Review , vol . 63 , no . 2 ( 2010 ) , pp . 281–314 .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- Field Systems and Farming Systems in Late Medieval England ( Ashgate , 2008 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - Land and People in Late Medieval England ( Ashgate , 2007 ) . - The Medieval Antecedents of English Agricultural Progress ( Ashgate , 2007 ) . - ( Co-authored with Ken Bartley ) England on the Eve of the Black Death : An Atlas of Lay Lordship , Land , and Wealth , 1300–49 ( Manchester University Press , 2006 ) . - English Seigniorial Agriculture 1250–1450 ( Cambridge University Press , 2000 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- ( Edited with R . H . Britnell ) A Commercialising Economy : England 1086–c . 1300 ( Manchester University Press , 1995 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - ( Co-authored with James A . Galloway , Derek Keene and Margaret Murphy ) A Medieval Capital and its Grain Supply : Agrarian Production and its Distribution in the London Region c . 1300 , Historical Geography Research series , no . 30 ( Institute of British Geographers , 1993 ) . - ( Edited ) Before the Black Death : Studies in the Crisis of the Early Fourteenth Century ( Manchester University Press , 1991 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- ( Co-edited with Mark Overton ) Land , Labour and Livestock : Historical Studies in European Agricultural Productivity ( Manchester University Press , 1991 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " Campbell has also produced a database , Three Centuries of English Crop Yields , 1211–1491 , bringing together data on pre-modern harvests .",
"title": "Selected works"
}
] |
/wiki/Bruce_Campbell_(historian)#P463#2
|
What organization or association or team did Bruce Campbell (historian) join in 2013?
|
Bruce Campbell ( historian ) Bruce Mortimer Stanley Campbell , FBA , MRIA , MAE , FRHistS , FAcSS ( born 11 June 1949 ) is a British economic historian . From 1995 to 2014 , he was Professor of Medieval Economic History at Queens University Belfast , where he remains an emeritus professor . Career . Bruce Mortimer Stanley Campbell was born in Hertfordshire on 11 June 1949 to Reginald Arthur Mortimer and Mary Campbell . After graduating from the University of Liverpool in 1970 with a first-class Bachelor of Arts degree in geography , Campbell completed his doctorate under the supervision of Dr Alan Baker at Darwin College , Cambridge , in 1975 , with a thesis entitled Field systems in eastern Norfolk during the Middle Ages : a study with particular reference to the demographic and agrarian changes of the fourteenth century . He lectured in geography at Queens University Belfast from 1973 and the university appointed him to a readership in economic history in 1992 ; he remained in that post until his appointment as Professor of Medieval Economic History in 1995 . According to his British Academy profile , his research relates to the economic history of late-medieval Britain and Ireland , with particular reference to human-environment interactions during the 14th century and trends in agricultural output and productivity from the 13th to 19th centuries . Honours . Campbell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2001 , an Academician of Social Sciences ( later renamed Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences ) two years later , and a Fellow of the British Academy ( FBA ) , the United Kingdoms national academy for the humanities and social sciences , in 2009 . He has also been a Member of the Royal Irish Academy since 1997 and a Member of the Academia Europaea since 2013 . He also won the Economic History Associations Arthur H . Cole Prize in 1984 , and his book English Seigniorial Agriculture 1250–1450 ( 2000 ) was named proxime accesit for the Royal Historical Societys Whitfield Prize in 2000 . He was the dedicatee of a festschrift edited by Maryanne Kowaleski , John Langdon and Phillipp Schofield : Peasants and Lords in the Medieval English Economy : Essays in Honour of Bruce M . S . Campbell ( Brepols , 2015 ) . Selected works . - The Great Transition : Climate , Disease and Society in the Late-Medieval World ( Cambridge University Press , 2016 ) . - ( Co-authored with Stephen N . Broadberry , Alexander Klein , Bas van Leeuwen and Mark Overton ) British Economic Growth , 1270–1870 ( Cambridge University Press , 2015 ) . - Nature as historical protagonist : environment and society in pre-industrial England ( the 2008 Tawney Memorial Lecture ) , Economic History Review , vol . 63 , no . 2 ( 2010 ) , pp . 281–314 . - Field Systems and Farming Systems in Late Medieval England ( Ashgate , 2008 ) . - Land and People in Late Medieval England ( Ashgate , 2007 ) . - The Medieval Antecedents of English Agricultural Progress ( Ashgate , 2007 ) . - ( Co-authored with Ken Bartley ) England on the Eve of the Black Death : An Atlas of Lay Lordship , Land , and Wealth , 1300–49 ( Manchester University Press , 2006 ) . - English Seigniorial Agriculture 1250–1450 ( Cambridge University Press , 2000 ) . - ( Edited with R . H . Britnell ) A Commercialising Economy : England 1086–c . 1300 ( Manchester University Press , 1995 ) . - ( Co-authored with James A . Galloway , Derek Keene and Margaret Murphy ) A Medieval Capital and its Grain Supply : Agrarian Production and its Distribution in the London Region c . 1300 , Historical Geography Research series , no . 30 ( Institute of British Geographers , 1993 ) . - ( Edited ) Before the Black Death : Studies in the Crisis of the Early Fourteenth Century ( Manchester University Press , 1991 ) . - ( Co-edited with Mark Overton ) Land , Labour and Livestock : Historical Studies in European Agricultural Productivity ( Manchester University Press , 1991 ) . Campbell has also produced a database , Three Centuries of English Crop Yields , 1211–1491 , bringing together data on pre-modern harvests .
|
[
"Member of the Academia Europaea"
] |
[
{
"text": " Bruce Mortimer Stanley Campbell , FBA , MRIA , MAE , FRHistS , FAcSS ( born 11 June 1949 ) is a British economic historian . From 1995 to 2014 , he was Professor of Medieval Economic History at Queens University Belfast , where he remains an emeritus professor .",
"title": "Bruce Campbell ( historian )"
},
{
"text": "Bruce Mortimer Stanley Campbell was born in Hertfordshire on 11 June 1949 to Reginald Arthur Mortimer and Mary Campbell . After graduating from the University of Liverpool in 1970 with a first-class Bachelor of Arts degree in geography , Campbell completed his doctorate under the supervision of Dr Alan Baker at Darwin College , Cambridge , in 1975 , with a thesis entitled Field systems in eastern Norfolk during the Middle Ages : a study with particular reference to the demographic and agrarian changes of the fourteenth century . He lectured in geography at Queens University Belfast from 1973 and",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "the university appointed him to a readership in economic history in 1992 ; he remained in that post until his appointment as Professor of Medieval Economic History in 1995 . According to his British Academy profile , his research relates to the economic history of late-medieval Britain and Ireland , with particular reference to human-environment interactions during the 14th century and trends in agricultural output and productivity from the 13th to 19th centuries .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Campbell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2001 , an Academician of Social Sciences ( later renamed Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences ) two years later , and a Fellow of the British Academy ( FBA ) , the United Kingdoms national academy for the humanities and social sciences , in 2009 . He has also been a Member of the Royal Irish Academy since 1997 and a Member of the Academia Europaea since 2013 . He also won the Economic History Associations Arthur H . Cole Prize in 1984 , and his book",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": "English Seigniorial Agriculture 1250–1450 ( 2000 ) was named proxime accesit for the Royal Historical Societys Whitfield Prize in 2000 . He was the dedicatee of a festschrift edited by Maryanne Kowaleski , John Langdon and Phillipp Schofield : Peasants and Lords in the Medieval English Economy : Essays in Honour of Bruce M . S . Campbell ( Brepols , 2015 ) .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - The Great Transition : Climate , Disease and Society in the Late-Medieval World ( Cambridge University Press , 2016 ) . - ( Co-authored with Stephen N . Broadberry , Alexander Klein , Bas van Leeuwen and Mark Overton ) British Economic Growth , 1270–1870 ( Cambridge University Press , 2015 ) . - Nature as historical protagonist : environment and society in pre-industrial England ( the 2008 Tawney Memorial Lecture ) , Economic History Review , vol . 63 , no . 2 ( 2010 ) , pp . 281–314 .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- Field Systems and Farming Systems in Late Medieval England ( Ashgate , 2008 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - Land and People in Late Medieval England ( Ashgate , 2007 ) . - The Medieval Antecedents of English Agricultural Progress ( Ashgate , 2007 ) . - ( Co-authored with Ken Bartley ) England on the Eve of the Black Death : An Atlas of Lay Lordship , Land , and Wealth , 1300–49 ( Manchester University Press , 2006 ) . - English Seigniorial Agriculture 1250–1450 ( Cambridge University Press , 2000 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- ( Edited with R . H . Britnell ) A Commercialising Economy : England 1086–c . 1300 ( Manchester University Press , 1995 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - ( Co-authored with James A . Galloway , Derek Keene and Margaret Murphy ) A Medieval Capital and its Grain Supply : Agrarian Production and its Distribution in the London Region c . 1300 , Historical Geography Research series , no . 30 ( Institute of British Geographers , 1993 ) . - ( Edited ) Before the Black Death : Studies in the Crisis of the Early Fourteenth Century ( Manchester University Press , 1991 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- ( Co-edited with Mark Overton ) Land , Labour and Livestock : Historical Studies in European Agricultural Productivity ( Manchester University Press , 1991 ) .",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " Campbell has also produced a database , Three Centuries of English Crop Yields , 1211–1491 , bringing together data on pre-modern harvests .",
"title": "Selected works"
}
] |
/wiki/Bobby_Labonte#P641#0
|
What sport did Bobby Labonte participate before Oct 1989?
|
Bobby Labonte Robert Allen Labonte ( born May 8 , 1964 ) is an American professional stock car racing driver . The 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series champion , he last competed full-time in the 2018 NASCAR Whelen Euro Series , driving the No . 18 Toyota for RDV Competition , and is an analyst on NASCAR RaceDay for FOX Sports . He and his older brother , Terry Labonte , are one of only two pairs of brothers to have both won the Cup championships ( along with Kurt Busch and Kyle Busch ) . He is also the uncle of former Xfinity Series race winner Justin Labonte . Labonte is the first driver to have won both the Winston Cup championship ( 2000 ) and the Busch Series championship ( 1991 ) in both series current , touring form . ( Ned Jarrett previously won both under the old points championship format ) . Bobby also won the IROC title in 2001 . Labonte is also the first driver to complete the NASCAR Triple Threat at the same track , by winning races at Martinsville in each of NASCARs top three racing series . Racing career . Beginnings . Labonte was born on May 8 , 1964 , in Corpus Christi , Texas . He began racing in 1969 in quarter midgets in his home state of Texas , winning his first feature race one year later . From then until 1977 , he drove in quarter-midgets throughout the United States , winning many races . In 1978 , he advanced to the go-kart ranks , but moved to North Carolina with his family following older brother Terrys advancement to the Winston Cup Series . In 1980 , Bobby made his NASCAR International Sedan Series debut in Atlanta , finishing third . Bobby made his Busch Series debut in 1982 at Martinsville Speedway , finishing 30th . Following his graduation from Trinity High School , he worked as a fabricator on Terrys cars at Hagan Racing . Labonte returned to the Busch Series in 1985 , running two races in a car he owned himself at Martinsville . In his first race , he finished 30th , bringing home only $220 . In his next race , though , he finished in 17th , his best finish so far . The next season , Bobby prepared his own car , which Terry drove , and Terry won his first Busch pole position and finished second at Road Atlanta . Labontes main success came driving late-model stock cars . In 1987 , Labonte won 12 races at Caraway Speedway , clinching the track championship , in addition to working for Jay Hedgecock . The following season , he competed at Concord Motorsports Park , winning six times , and ran six more Busch races , finishing 16th at Darlington Raceway . The next season , he ran seven more Busch Series races and had his first top-five finish at North Carolina Speedway . He had two more top-10s that year . Xfinity Series . 1990 . By 1990 , Labonte had finally earned enough money to race in the Busch Series full-time . He founded his own team , and drove the No . 44 Oldsmobile . He was successful , winning two poles ( both at Bristol Motor Speedway ) , scoring six top-5s , and 17 top-10s . He ended up finishing fourth in the standings and was also voted the Busch Series Most Popular Driver . 1991 . Next season , he continued his second-division success by winning the NASCAR Busch Series championship with two wins , 10 top-five and 21 top-10 finishes . He also won his first Busch Series race , at Bristol , then won again at OReilly Raceway Park in August . In addition to his Busch Series schedule , he made two Winston Cup starts in a Bobby Labonte Racing car at Dover International Speedway and Michigan International Speedway , finishing 34th and 38th , respectively . He won his first Busch Series title . 1992 . His 1992 season was a successful one , and he ended up winning three races ( at Lanier , Hickory , and Martinsville respectively ) , but lost the championship title to Joe Nemechek by three points . That championship finish is , to date , the second-closest finish in the history of NASCARs top three series ( behind the tiebreaker between Tony Stewart and Carl Edwards in the Sprint Cup Series in 2011 ) . 1993 . In 1993 , Labonte was called up by Bill Davis Racing to drive in the Winston Cup Series . He signed a contract to drive the No . 22 Ford Thunderbird . In his rookie season , he won his first pole at Richmond International Raceway , collected six top-10s and finished 19th in points . He was also second place behind Jeff Gordon for Rookie of the Year honors . He also competed in two Busch Series races , winning a pole and finishing second and 24th respectively . Also , Labonte continued to operate his main Busch Series team , hiring David Green to drive for him . Green finished third in points for Bobby Labonte Racing . 1994 . The next season , 1994 , Labonte achieved his second major success as a car owner when his Busch Series driver , David Green , won the championship . It was the second championship , and fifth top-five points finish in five years for Bobby Labonte Racing . He also ran in the Busch Series himself , making 12 starts and earning a victory at Michigan in August . In addition to his Busch Series exploits , Bobby continued running full-time in the Winston Cup series for Bill Davis Racing . He collected one top-5 and two top-10s and finished 21st in the standings , just missing out on the top 20 because of Todd Bodines two-position points standings gain in the final race of the season . 1996–present . In 2007 , Labonte won the Busch Series race at Talladega Speedway in April 2007 , edging Tony Stewart to the line in a thrilling finish . This was his first Busch Series win since 1998 . In the offseason following the 2007 season , Labonte agreed to a 15-race contract to drive the No . 21 Chevrolet for Richard Childress Racing in the now-Nationwide Series for the 2008 season . RCRs No . 21 team earned six victories in 2007 with driver Kevin Harvick , and has earned two of the organizations four series championships . In 2016 , Labonte returned to Joe Gibbs Racing to compete in the Xfinity Series opener at Daytona , driving the No . 18 Camry . Sprint Cup Series . 1995–2000 . At the end of the 1994 season , Labonte departed to replace Dale Jarrett as the driver of the No.18 Interstate Batteries-sponsored Chevrolet for Joe Gibbs Racing . Labonte would pick up his first career win in the Coca-Cola 600 in 1995 , a win he would call in 2018 the favorite of his career . He would also go on to sweep the races at Michigan and finish 10th in the standings . In 1996 , Labonte won the season-ending race at Atlanta , the same race where his brother Terry won the championship . The two took a victory lap together in what Labonte said was one of the most emotional and memorable moments of [ his ] life . That year , he finished 11th in the points standings . In 1997 , Gibbs switched car makes to a Pontiac Grand Prix . Labonte would go on to win the season-ending race at Atlanta for the second year in a row . He ended up seventh in the standings , his best finish at that point in his career . In 1998 , Labonte won at both Atlanta and Talladega , as well as pole positions for both Daytona races , finishing second to Dale Earnhardt in the 500 . He finished the year in sixth in final points , improving by a position . In 1999 , Labonte won five Winston Cup races , the most he has ever won in a single season . He won at Dover in the spring , swept both Pocono races ( he was the third to accomplish this particular sweep , after Bobby Allison in 1982 and Tim Richmond in 1986 ; since 1999 , Jimmie Johnson in 2004 , Denny Hamlin in 2006 , and Dale Earnhardt Jr . in 2014 have also done this ) , the second Michigan race , and the season finale at Atlanta . However , during the season , he suffered a broken shoulder in an accident while qualifying for a Busch Series race at Darlington Raceway , but raced in the Cup event two days later . Labonte started the race , but at the 1st caution was relieved by Matt Kenseth . He finished second in the points to Dale Jarrett , losing the championship by 201 points . In 2000 , Labonte won four races , the early-season race at Rockingham , the Brickyard 400 at Indianapolis , the Southern 500 at Darlington , and the fall race at Charlotte . He led the point standings for 25 weeks straight after taking over at California , and never relinquished it on the way to winning the Winston Cup championship , finishing ahead of Earnhardt by 265 points , completing all but nine of the 10,167 laps that season , with 4 wins , 19 top five finishes , 24 top ten finishes , 3 poles , an average finish of 7.4 , and had zero DNFs . 2001–2005 . Labonte began the 2001 season with a seventh-place finish in the Bud Shootout . At the Daytona 500 , he and his teammate Tony Stewart were two of the 18 drivers involved in a crash on lap 173 . Labontes hood broke off and got attached to Stewarts car , which flipped over twice . After getting out of his , Labonte was seen checking on Stewart to make sure he was okay . The accident was overshadowed by Dale Earnhardts fatal crash on the last lap of the same race . The following week at Rockingham , Labonte was narrowly beaten to the finish line by Steve Park in the rain-delayed Dura Lube 400 . He did not have another Top 10 finish until the Virginia 500 at Martinsville , where he finished in eighth . This was followed by a fifth-place finish in the Talladega 500 . His next Top 10 was another fifth-place finish in the Coca-Cola 600 . After less successful finishes at Dover and Michigan , Labonte had a second eighth-place finish at Pocono and a seventh-place finish at Sonoma , and a third fifth-place finish in the Pepsi 400 . At the end of July , Labonte won his first points-race of the year in the Pennsylvania 500 at Pocono . After the win , Labontes next Top 10 was a ninth-place finish at Watkins Glen , then eighth and third-place finishes at Bristol and Darlington , and a sixth-place finish at Richmond . He did not have back-to-back Top 10s again until the autumn races at Charlotte and Martinsville , where he finishing 10th and fourth respectively . In the fall at Talladega , Labonte started 34th . He managed to work his way up the field and took the lead on lap 107 . He led for 23 laps before falling back in the pack . He retook the lead on lap 184 but was involved in a frightening last lap crash . After leading three laps , Labonte was leading at the white flag on the outside lane . Going into turn 1 , Dale Earnhardt , Jr . overtook him in the lower groove , bringing Tony Stewart and Jeff Burton with him . Labonte moved up the track , trying to block Bobby Hamilton , but coming onto the back straightaway , Hamilton tapped him from behind . Labonte made contact with Johnny Benson , Jr . — sending that driver into the outside wall — and then spun , flipping over , and skidding partway down the track on his roof . This crash also collected Jason Leffler , Sterling Marlin , Robby Gordon , Mike Wallace , Ricky Craven , Terry Labonte , Buckshot Jones , Ricky Rudd , Ward Burton , and more . Labontes next Top 10 was another ninth-place finish at Rockingham . After winning at Atlanta and a third-place finish at the postponed New Hampshire 300 , he finished sixth in the final points standings . During 2001 , Labonte won the IROC XXV title , becoming the 13th consecutive NASCAR driver to win the IROC championship . In 2002 , Labonte only had one win , which was at Martinsville in the spring . He also drove a 9/11 Tribute car in 2002 with the phrase Lets Roll on the hood . It was his first career short-track win at Martinsville . He went on to finish 16th in the final points standings , and failed to finish in the Top 10 for the first time since 1996 , while his teammate Stewart went on to win the championship . In 2003 , Labonte rebounded and finished eighth in the standings after winning two races ( Atlanta and Homestead [ leading only the final lap ] ) . Also , Labonte went on a tear during the spring with three straight second-place finishes . In 2004 , Labonte did not win a race for the first time since 1994 ( ten years later ) , and finished 12th in the standings . 2005 saw much of the same . Labonte fell out of the Top 20 in points , and only had four Top 5s , one of which was a dramatic second at Lowes Motor Speedway in the Coca-Cola 600 . He also went on to race some Truck Series events , which included a win at Martinsville . His win there made him join an elite group of drivers that have won in all three divisions at one track . In fact , with his win , he became the first driver to do so . He also ran the 24 Hours of Daytona road race , sharing a car with his brother Terry , Jan Magnussen and Bryan Herta . After the disappointing 2005 season , Labonte asked and was granted to be released from Joe Gibbs Racing , having spent the last eleven seasons there . Labonte joined Petty Enterprises to drive the famous No . 43 . 2006–2008 . In his inaugural season in the famous No . 43 car , Labonte collected three Top 5s and eight Top 10s . His Top 5s included an impressive run at the Martinsville Speedway , where he finished third after being in contention for the win much of the day . He ended up finishing 21st in the points standings , three spots better than he did two years before . Labonte began the 2007 season with a 21st-place finish in the Daytona 500 , after avoiding the many accidents the race had . Labonte would end the year with no Top 5s and only three Top 10s . However , due to a more consistent season , he finished 18th in the standings , a three-position improvement over 2006 . In November , Labonte formed a full-service marketing agency , Breaking Limits , which is based in Huntersville , North Carolina . In 2008 , Labonte continued his contract with Petty Enterprises , but experienced a largely unsuccessful season , gathering only three Top 10s and no Top 5s on his way to finishing 21st in the Sprint Cup point standings . In December of that year , Labonte was released from Petty Enterprises while the team was negotiating a deal with a private equity firm that fell through , and Petty partnered with Gillett Evernham Motorsports . 2009 . On January 13 , 2009 , Labonte was confirmed to be the driver of the No . 96 Ford Fusion for Hall of Fame Racing , now in a partnership with Yates Racing . In the 2009 Spring Las Vegas race , the Shelby 427 , Labonte recorded his first Top 5 with Hall of Fame racing , and his best finish since he finished third in the Fall Martinsville race in 2006 . However , that was his only Top 5 run for the year . With eleven races remaining in the 2009 season , Labonte was replaced for Erik Darnell for 7 of the final eleven races due to sponsorship problems with the No . 96 . Labonte found a ride with TRG Motorsports and its 71 for the 7 races he was out of the 96 . In his first race at Atlanta , Labonte ran inside the Top 20 all night and scored an 18th-place finish . Two races later Labonte gave TRG its best qualifying effort with an eighth-place start , Labonte came home 22nd . At Talladega , Labonte finished 10th after , at one point , running second in that race to Dale Earnhardt , Jr . 2010 . From February 2010 – June 2010 , Labonte drove for TRG Motorsports and its No . 71 . Even though TRGs 2009 owner points were not enough to make the field guaranteed for the first five races of 2010 , Labontes past championship provisional gave the team that to fall back on , in the case that Labontes qualifying runs are not fast . For 2010 , Labonte was also reunited with Doug Randolph as his crew chief . Randolph finished the 2007 season with Labonte in the No . 43 for Petty Enterprises , posting two of three of Labontes Top 10 runs . TRG also announced an alliance with Richard Childress Racing for 2010 . RCR shared technology and equipment with TRG for the season . They also formed an alliance with Stewart Haas Racing , as Tony Stewart will provide a pit crew to the team . In his first race in the TRG , Labonte finished 21st in the Daytona 500 after he started 42nd with a champions provisional . For much of the race , Labonte was in the Top 25 . He would end up fading back over the next few races , as he and the team would struggle for consistency . On the May 16th Dover race , due to lack of sponsorship , Labonte and the 71 team parked the car after 66 laps . Arguably , some people might say that this season is the worst of his full-time career , as he only had two top 20 finishes in 2010 one at the Daytona 500 and one at the Infineon Raceway road course event . On June 22 , 2010 , it was announced that Labonte would be leaving the No . 71 due to the team being unable to secure sponsorship . On June 23 , Labonte was hired to drive car No . 7 for Robby Gordon Motorsports at New Hampshire in a one-race deal . C&J Energy Services entered into a partnership with Phoenix Racing which allowed Labonte to be hired to take over the No . 09 car beginning at Daytona and Labonte split the rest of the 2010 season between Phoenix Racing and TRG Motorsports . On October 11 , Stavola-Labonte Racing hired Labonte to drive its No . 10 car at Charlotte and Texas in a two-race deal . The team is co-owned by Bobbys older brother Terry . Despite bouncing around , Labonte competed in every race for the 2010 season . 2011–2012 . Labonte replaced Marcos Ambrose as the full-time driver of the No . 47 JTG Daugherty Racing Toyota Camry , with support from Michael Waltrip Racing . He finished 4th in the Daytona 500 , earning Labonte his 200th career top 10 finish in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series . Earning only one more top 10 finish so far in the season . JTG Daugherty Racing and Michael Waltrip Racing received a penalty for violating section 12-1 , 12-4-J , and 20-3.2.1A . Crew Chief Frankie Kerr was fined $50,000 and was suspended from 4 NASCAR Sprint Cup Championship events , and suspended from NASCAR until November , 23 . The same penalty was for Michael Waltrip Racing and the car chief for each team . The owners of the numbers 47 ( Tad Geschickter ) ; 56 ( Michael Waltrip ) ; and 00 ( Rob Kauffman ) ; were penalized 25 owner points . The drivers were also penalized 25 driver points . For the 2012 season , Labonte returned to the No . 47 car with most of the sponsors returning also . JTG Daugherty Racing also announced they will no longer operate out of the Michael Waltrip Racing shop . Todd Berrier took over the role as the crew chief . The crew chief at the time , Frank Kerr , moved to the position of shop foreman . 2013–2016 . Labonte ran in the 47 for the entire season until the 2013 Quicken Loans 400 at Michigan International Speedway , in which he ran the No . 51 for Phoenix Racing . Labonte ran at Sonoma Raceway in the 47 , but was subsequently replaced by A . J . Allmendinger in the 47 for selected races starting at the 2013 Quaker State 400 at Kentucky Speedway , ending Labontes streak of consecutive starts at 704 . The streak was second only to Jeff Gordons . Later in the year Labonte suffered broken ribs in a cycling accident , forcing him to miss three races , starting with the AdvoCare 500 at Atlanta . His last race with JTG Daughtery was at Phoenix International Raceway in November 2013 ; released afterwards , in December 2013 he announced that he would be running part-time in the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series in a second car for HScott Motorsports . During practice for the 2014 Daytona 500 Labonte blew an engine , and although he qualified for his 22nd consecutive 500 , he was relegated to the back of the starting grid . Labonte finished the race in 15th . A deal to run for James Finch in additional races fell through , thus Labonte did not make another start for the first half of the season . Instead , he tested cars for Richard Childress Racing . At the summer Daytona race , he drove the No . 33 RCR Chevrolet that Brian Scott had driven to the pole at Talladega , running under the Circle Sport banner . Labonte qualified 4th and contended for the lead at the beginning of the race , but was caught up in the Big One , finishing 26th . Tommy Baldwin Racing would field the No . 37 car with Accell Construction as the sponsor for Labonte at Indianapolis . In December 2014 , Labonte announced that he would drive for Go FAS Racing on the restrictor-plate tracks in 2015 , taking over for his brother Terry who retired after the 2014 GEICO 500 . He finished 24th at the 2015 Daytona 500 . In the spring Talladega race , Labonte finished 27th . The 2015 Coke Zero 400 did not go well for Labonte , as he was caught up in an early crash caused by David Gilliland and finished 43rd . For the Fall Talladega race , he finished 23rd , his best finish of the season . In 2016 , Labonte received the sponsorship of Bombardier Recreational Products and Cyclops Gear allowing him to run the four restrictor plate races for Go FAS Racing . For the Daytona 500 , Labonte would finish 31st . For Talladega , Labonte would finish 19th . Coming back to Daytona , Labonte would finish 24th . Coming back to Talladega , Labonte would finish 31st . Following the 2016 season , it was announced that Labonte would not return to Go FAS . Whelen Euro Series . In June 2017 , Labonte competed in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series race weekend at Brands Hatch , driving the No . 1 Ford for Alex Caffi Motorsport . He became the first Cup Series champion to race in the Euro Series . He started 22nd in both of the weekends two races , and finished 10th and 14th . In 2018 , Labonte joined RDV Competition to drive the No . 18 Toyota full-time in the Euro Series . Broadcasting career . In February 2014 , it was announced that Labonte would appear as a racing analyst for the new program NASCAR America on NBCSN . He made his TV debut early in the 2014 season . In 2017 , Labonte made the move to FS1 as an analyst on Race Hub and Race Day programs . Personal life . Labonte currently resides in High Point , North Carolina with his wife Kristin . He has two children from his previous marriage to Donna Slate , Robert Tyler and Madison , and is an avid outdoorsman . Tyler recently graduated from Texas A&M and is now in law school at Campbell University in Buies Creek , North Carolina . Tyler has worked on political campaigns for Thom Tillis and served in 2014 as an intern for Interstate Batteries , which sponsored Bobbys 2000 championship season . Madison began school at Appalachian State University in the spring of 2017 . Labonte also owns Breaking Limits , a marketing , public relations , events and sponsorship agency , working out of High Point , North Carolina . Labonte continues to own a Red Mango yogurt shop on the campus of Duke University . The Bobby Labonte Foundation continues to provide grants to non-profit organizations located in the Triad of North Carolina whose work supports building stronger foundations for children and their families . Labonte also founded Longhorn Chassis with his brother Terry in 2010 . Longhorn Chassis builds dirt late model race cars . Motorsports career results . NASCAR . Whelen Euro Series - Elite 1 . Season still in progress External links . - Bobby Labonte at NASCAR.com
|
[
"Busch Series"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert Allen Labonte ( born May 8 , 1964 ) is an American professional stock car racing driver . The 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series champion , he last competed full-time in the 2018 NASCAR Whelen Euro Series , driving the No . 18 Toyota for RDV Competition , and is an analyst on NASCAR RaceDay for FOX Sports .",
"title": "Bobby Labonte"
},
{
"text": "He and his older brother , Terry Labonte , are one of only two pairs of brothers to have both won the Cup championships ( along with Kurt Busch and Kyle Busch ) . He is also the uncle of former Xfinity Series race winner Justin Labonte .",
"title": "Bobby Labonte"
},
{
"text": " Labonte is the first driver to have won both the Winston Cup championship ( 2000 ) and the Busch Series championship ( 1991 ) in both series current , touring form . ( Ned Jarrett previously won both under the old points championship format ) . Bobby also won the IROC title in 2001 . Labonte is also the first driver to complete the NASCAR Triple Threat at the same track , by winning races at Martinsville in each of NASCARs top three racing series .",
"title": "Bobby Labonte"
},
{
"text": "Labonte was born on May 8 , 1964 , in Corpus Christi , Texas . He began racing in 1969 in quarter midgets in his home state of Texas , winning his first feature race one year later . From then until 1977 , he drove in quarter-midgets throughout the United States , winning many races . In 1978 , he advanced to the go-kart ranks , but moved to North Carolina with his family following older brother Terrys advancement to the Winston Cup Series . In 1980 , Bobby made his NASCAR International Sedan Series debut in Atlanta ,",
"title": "Beginnings"
},
{
"text": "finishing third . Bobby made his Busch Series debut in 1982 at Martinsville Speedway , finishing 30th . Following his graduation from Trinity High School , he worked as a fabricator on Terrys cars at Hagan Racing . Labonte returned to the Busch Series in 1985 , running two races in a car he owned himself at Martinsville . In his first race , he finished 30th , bringing home only $220 . In his next race , though , he finished in 17th , his best finish so far .",
"title": "Beginnings"
},
{
"text": " The next season , Bobby prepared his own car , which Terry drove , and Terry won his first Busch pole position and finished second at Road Atlanta .",
"title": "Beginnings"
},
{
"text": "Labontes main success came driving late-model stock cars . In 1987 , Labonte won 12 races at Caraway Speedway , clinching the track championship , in addition to working for Jay Hedgecock . The following season , he competed at Concord Motorsports Park , winning six times , and ran six more Busch races , finishing 16th at Darlington Raceway . The next season , he ran seven more Busch Series races and had his first top-five finish at North Carolina Speedway . He had two more top-10s that year .",
"title": "Beginnings"
},
{
"text": " 1990 . By 1990 , Labonte had finally earned enough money to race in the Busch Series full-time . He founded his own team , and drove the No . 44 Oldsmobile . He was successful , winning two poles ( both at Bristol Motor Speedway ) , scoring six top-5s , and 17 top-10s . He ended up finishing fourth in the standings and was also voted the Busch Series Most Popular Driver . 1991 .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "Next season , he continued his second-division success by winning the NASCAR Busch Series championship with two wins , 10 top-five and 21 top-10 finishes . He also won his first Busch Series race , at Bristol , then won again at OReilly Raceway Park in August .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": " In addition to his Busch Series schedule , he made two Winston Cup starts in a Bobby Labonte Racing car at Dover International Speedway and Michigan International Speedway , finishing 34th and 38th , respectively . He won his first Busch Series title . 1992 .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "His 1992 season was a successful one , and he ended up winning three races ( at Lanier , Hickory , and Martinsville respectively ) , but lost the championship title to Joe Nemechek by three points . That championship finish is , to date , the second-closest finish in the history of NASCARs top three series ( behind the tiebreaker between Tony Stewart and Carl Edwards in the Sprint Cup Series in 2011 ) .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "In 1993 , Labonte was called up by Bill Davis Racing to drive in the Winston Cup Series . He signed a contract to drive the No . 22 Ford Thunderbird . In his rookie season , he won his first pole at Richmond International Raceway , collected six top-10s and finished 19th in points . He was also second place behind Jeff Gordon for Rookie of the Year honors . He also competed in two Busch Series races , winning a pole and finishing second and 24th respectively . Also , Labonte continued to operate his main Busch Series",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "team , hiring David Green to drive for him . Green finished third in points for Bobby Labonte Racing .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "The next season , 1994 , Labonte achieved his second major success as a car owner when his Busch Series driver , David Green , won the championship . It was the second championship , and fifth top-five points finish in five years for Bobby Labonte Racing . He also ran in the Busch Series himself , making 12 starts and earning a victory at Michigan in August . In addition to his Busch Series exploits , Bobby continued running full-time in the Winston Cup series for Bill Davis Racing . He collected one top-5 and two top-10s and finished",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "21st in the standings , just missing out on the top 20 because of Todd Bodines two-position points standings gain in the final race of the season .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": " 1996–present . In 2007 , Labonte won the Busch Series race at Talladega Speedway in April 2007 , edging Tony Stewart to the line in a thrilling finish . This was his first Busch Series win since 1998 . In the offseason following the 2007 season , Labonte agreed to a 15-race contract to drive the No . 21 Chevrolet for Richard Childress Racing in the now-Nationwide Series for the 2008 season . RCRs No . 21 team earned six victories in 2007 with driver Kevin Harvick , and has earned two of the organizations four series championships .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Labonte returned to Joe Gibbs Racing to compete in the Xfinity Series opener at Daytona , driving the No . 18 Camry .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": " 1995–2000 . At the end of the 1994 season , Labonte departed to replace Dale Jarrett as the driver of the No.18 Interstate Batteries-sponsored Chevrolet for Joe Gibbs Racing . Labonte would pick up his first career win in the Coca-Cola 600 in 1995 , a win he would call in 2018 the favorite of his career . He would also go on to sweep the races at Michigan and finish 10th in the standings .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 1996 , Labonte won the season-ending race at Atlanta , the same race where his brother Terry won the championship . The two took a victory lap together in what Labonte said was one of the most emotional and memorable moments of [ his ] life . That year , he finished 11th in the points standings .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " In 1997 , Gibbs switched car makes to a Pontiac Grand Prix . Labonte would go on to win the season-ending race at Atlanta for the second year in a row . He ended up seventh in the standings , his best finish at that point in his career . In 1998 , Labonte won at both Atlanta and Talladega , as well as pole positions for both Daytona races , finishing second to Dale Earnhardt in the 500 . He finished the year in sixth in final points , improving by a position .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , Labonte won five Winston Cup races , the most he has ever won in a single season . He won at Dover in the spring , swept both Pocono races ( he was the third to accomplish this particular sweep , after Bobby Allison in 1982 and Tim Richmond in 1986 ; since 1999 , Jimmie Johnson in 2004 , Denny Hamlin in 2006 , and Dale Earnhardt Jr . in 2014 have also done this ) , the second Michigan race , and the season finale at Atlanta . However , during the season , he",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "suffered a broken shoulder in an accident while qualifying for a Busch Series race at Darlington Raceway , but raced in the Cup event two days later . Labonte started the race , but at the 1st caution was relieved by Matt Kenseth . He finished second in the points to Dale Jarrett , losing the championship by 201 points .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Labonte won four races , the early-season race at Rockingham , the Brickyard 400 at Indianapolis , the Southern 500 at Darlington , and the fall race at Charlotte . He led the point standings for 25 weeks straight after taking over at California , and never relinquished it on the way to winning the Winston Cup championship , finishing ahead of Earnhardt by 265 points , completing all but nine of the 10,167 laps that season , with 4 wins , 19 top five finishes , 24 top ten finishes , 3 poles , an average",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "finish of 7.4 , and had zero DNFs .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " 2001–2005 . Labonte began the 2001 season with a seventh-place finish in the Bud Shootout . At the Daytona 500 , he and his teammate Tony Stewart were two of the 18 drivers involved in a crash on lap 173 . Labontes hood broke off and got attached to Stewarts car , which flipped over twice . After getting out of his , Labonte was seen checking on Stewart to make sure he was okay . The accident was overshadowed by Dale Earnhardts fatal crash on the last lap of the same race .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "The following week at Rockingham , Labonte was narrowly beaten to the finish line by Steve Park in the rain-delayed Dura Lube 400 . He did not have another Top 10 finish until the Virginia 500 at Martinsville , where he finished in eighth . This was followed by a fifth-place finish in the Talladega 500 . His next Top 10 was another fifth-place finish in the Coca-Cola 600 . After less successful finishes at Dover and Michigan , Labonte had a second eighth-place finish at Pocono and a seventh-place finish at Sonoma , and a third fifth-place finish in",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "the Pepsi 400 . At the end of July , Labonte won his first points-race of the year in the Pennsylvania 500 at Pocono .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " After the win , Labontes next Top 10 was a ninth-place finish at Watkins Glen , then eighth and third-place finishes at Bristol and Darlington , and a sixth-place finish at Richmond . He did not have back-to-back Top 10s again until the autumn races at Charlotte and Martinsville , where he finishing 10th and fourth respectively .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In the fall at Talladega , Labonte started 34th . He managed to work his way up the field and took the lead on lap 107 . He led for 23 laps before falling back in the pack . He retook the lead on lap 184 but was involved in a frightening last lap crash . After leading three laps , Labonte was leading at the white flag on the outside lane . Going into turn 1 , Dale Earnhardt , Jr . overtook him in the lower groove , bringing Tony Stewart and Jeff Burton with him . Labonte",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "moved up the track , trying to block Bobby Hamilton , but coming onto the back straightaway , Hamilton tapped him from behind . Labonte made contact with Johnny Benson , Jr . — sending that driver into the outside wall — and then spun , flipping over , and skidding partway down the track on his roof . This crash also collected Jason Leffler , Sterling Marlin , Robby Gordon , Mike Wallace , Ricky Craven , Terry Labonte , Buckshot Jones , Ricky Rudd , Ward Burton , and more .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " Labontes next Top 10 was another ninth-place finish at Rockingham . After winning at Atlanta and a third-place finish at the postponed New Hampshire 300 , he finished sixth in the final points standings . During 2001 , Labonte won the IROC XXV title , becoming the 13th consecutive NASCAR driver to win the IROC championship .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , Labonte only had one win , which was at Martinsville in the spring . He also drove a 9/11 Tribute car in 2002 with the phrase Lets Roll on the hood . It was his first career short-track win at Martinsville . He went on to finish 16th in the final points standings , and failed to finish in the Top 10 for the first time since 1996 , while his teammate Stewart went on to win the championship .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " In 2003 , Labonte rebounded and finished eighth in the standings after winning two races ( Atlanta and Homestead [ leading only the final lap ] ) . Also , Labonte went on a tear during the spring with three straight second-place finishes . In 2004 , Labonte did not win a race for the first time since 1994 ( ten years later ) , and finished 12th in the standings .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "2005 saw much of the same . Labonte fell out of the Top 20 in points , and only had four Top 5s , one of which was a dramatic second at Lowes Motor Speedway in the Coca-Cola 600 . He also went on to race some Truck Series events , which included a win at Martinsville . His win there made him join an elite group of drivers that have won in all three divisions at one track . In fact , with his win , he became the first driver to do so .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " He also ran the 24 Hours of Daytona road race , sharing a car with his brother Terry , Jan Magnussen and Bryan Herta . After the disappointing 2005 season , Labonte asked and was granted to be released from Joe Gibbs Racing , having spent the last eleven seasons there . Labonte joined Petty Enterprises to drive the famous No . 43 . 2006–2008 .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In his inaugural season in the famous No . 43 car , Labonte collected three Top 5s and eight Top 10s . His Top 5s included an impressive run at the Martinsville Speedway , where he finished third after being in contention for the win much of the day . He ended up finishing 21st in the points standings , three spots better than he did two years before .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " Labonte began the 2007 season with a 21st-place finish in the Daytona 500 , after avoiding the many accidents the race had . Labonte would end the year with no Top 5s and only three Top 10s . However , due to a more consistent season , he finished 18th in the standings , a three-position improvement over 2006 . In November , Labonte formed a full-service marketing agency , Breaking Limits , which is based in Huntersville , North Carolina .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , Labonte continued his contract with Petty Enterprises , but experienced a largely unsuccessful season , gathering only three Top 10s and no Top 5s on his way to finishing 21st in the Sprint Cup point standings . In December of that year , Labonte was released from Petty Enterprises while the team was negotiating a deal with a private equity firm that fell through , and Petty partnered with Gillett Evernham Motorsports .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "On January 13 , 2009 , Labonte was confirmed to be the driver of the No . 96 Ford Fusion for Hall of Fame Racing , now in a partnership with Yates Racing . In the 2009 Spring Las Vegas race , the Shelby 427 , Labonte recorded his first Top 5 with Hall of Fame racing , and his best finish since he finished third in the Fall Martinsville race in 2006 . However , that was his only Top 5 run for the year . With eleven races remaining in the 2009 season , Labonte was replaced for",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Erik Darnell for 7 of the final eleven races due to sponsorship problems with the No . 96 . Labonte found a ride with TRG Motorsports and its 71 for the 7 races he was out of the 96 . In his first race at Atlanta , Labonte ran inside the Top 20 all night and scored an 18th-place finish . Two races later Labonte gave TRG its best qualifying effort with an eighth-place start , Labonte came home 22nd . At Talladega , Labonte finished 10th after , at one point , running second in that race to Dale",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Earnhardt , Jr .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "From February 2010 – June 2010 , Labonte drove for TRG Motorsports and its No . 71 . Even though TRGs 2009 owner points were not enough to make the field guaranteed for the first five races of 2010 , Labontes past championship provisional gave the team that to fall back on , in the case that Labontes qualifying runs are not fast . For 2010 , Labonte was also reunited with Doug Randolph as his crew chief . Randolph finished the 2007 season with Labonte in the No . 43 for Petty Enterprises , posting two of three of",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Labontes Top 10 runs . TRG also announced an alliance with Richard Childress Racing for 2010 . RCR shared technology and equipment with TRG for the season . They also formed an alliance with Stewart Haas Racing , as Tony Stewart will provide a pit crew to the team .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In his first race in the TRG , Labonte finished 21st in the Daytona 500 after he started 42nd with a champions provisional . For much of the race , Labonte was in the Top 25 . He would end up fading back over the next few races , as he and the team would struggle for consistency . On the May 16th Dover race , due to lack of sponsorship , Labonte and the 71 team parked the car after 66 laps . Arguably , some people might say that this season is the worst of his full-time career",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": ", as he only had two top 20 finishes in 2010 one at the Daytona 500 and one at the Infineon Raceway road course event .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " On June 22 , 2010 , it was announced that Labonte would be leaving the No . 71 due to the team being unable to secure sponsorship . On June 23 , Labonte was hired to drive car No . 7 for Robby Gordon Motorsports at New Hampshire in a one-race deal .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "C&J Energy Services entered into a partnership with Phoenix Racing which allowed Labonte to be hired to take over the No . 09 car beginning at Daytona and Labonte split the rest of the 2010 season between Phoenix Racing and TRG Motorsports . On October 11 , Stavola-Labonte Racing hired Labonte to drive its No . 10 car at Charlotte and Texas in a two-race deal . The team is co-owned by Bobbys older brother Terry . Despite bouncing around , Labonte competed in every race for the 2010 season .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Labonte replaced Marcos Ambrose as the full-time driver of the No . 47 JTG Daugherty Racing Toyota Camry , with support from Michael Waltrip Racing . He finished 4th in the Daytona 500 , earning Labonte his 200th career top 10 finish in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series . Earning only one more top 10 finish so far in the season . JTG Daugherty Racing and Michael Waltrip Racing received a penalty for violating section 12-1 , 12-4-J , and 20-3.2.1A . Crew Chief Frankie Kerr was fined $50,000 and was suspended from 4 NASCAR Sprint Cup Championship events ,",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "and suspended from NASCAR until November , 23 . The same penalty was for Michael Waltrip Racing and the car chief for each team . The owners of the numbers 47 ( Tad Geschickter ) ; 56 ( Michael Waltrip ) ; and 00 ( Rob Kauffman ) ; were penalized 25 owner points . The drivers were also penalized 25 driver points .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " For the 2012 season , Labonte returned to the No . 47 car with most of the sponsors returning also . JTG Daugherty Racing also announced they will no longer operate out of the Michael Waltrip Racing shop . Todd Berrier took over the role as the crew chief . The crew chief at the time , Frank Kerr , moved to the position of shop foreman . 2013–2016 .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Labonte ran in the 47 for the entire season until the 2013 Quicken Loans 400 at Michigan International Speedway , in which he ran the No . 51 for Phoenix Racing . Labonte ran at Sonoma Raceway in the 47 , but was subsequently replaced by A . J . Allmendinger in the 47 for selected races starting at the 2013 Quaker State 400 at Kentucky Speedway , ending Labontes streak of consecutive starts at 704 . The streak was second only to Jeff Gordons . Later in the year Labonte suffered broken ribs in a cycling accident , forcing",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "him to miss three races , starting with the AdvoCare 500 at Atlanta .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " His last race with JTG Daughtery was at Phoenix International Raceway in November 2013 ; released afterwards , in December 2013 he announced that he would be running part-time in the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series in a second car for HScott Motorsports . During practice for the 2014 Daytona 500 Labonte blew an engine , and although he qualified for his 22nd consecutive 500 , he was relegated to the back of the starting grid . Labonte finished the race in 15th .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "A deal to run for James Finch in additional races fell through , thus Labonte did not make another start for the first half of the season . Instead , he tested cars for Richard Childress Racing . At the summer Daytona race , he drove the No . 33 RCR Chevrolet that Brian Scott had driven to the pole at Talladega , running under the Circle Sport banner . Labonte qualified 4th and contended for the lead at the beginning of the race , but was caught up in the Big One , finishing 26th . Tommy Baldwin Racing",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "would field the No . 37 car with Accell Construction as the sponsor for Labonte at Indianapolis .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In December 2014 , Labonte announced that he would drive for Go FAS Racing on the restrictor-plate tracks in 2015 , taking over for his brother Terry who retired after the 2014 GEICO 500 . He finished 24th at the 2015 Daytona 500 . In the spring Talladega race , Labonte finished 27th . The 2015 Coke Zero 400 did not go well for Labonte , as he was caught up in an early crash caused by David Gilliland and finished 43rd . For the Fall Talladega race , he finished 23rd , his best finish of the season .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Labonte received the sponsorship of Bombardier Recreational Products and Cyclops Gear allowing him to run the four restrictor plate races for Go FAS Racing . For the Daytona 500 , Labonte would finish 31st . For Talladega , Labonte would finish 19th . Coming back to Daytona , Labonte would finish 24th . Coming back to Talladega , Labonte would finish 31st . Following the 2016 season , it was announced that Labonte would not return to Go FAS .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " In June 2017 , Labonte competed in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series race weekend at Brands Hatch , driving the No . 1 Ford for Alex Caffi Motorsport . He became the first Cup Series champion to race in the Euro Series . He started 22nd in both of the weekends two races , and finished 10th and 14th . In 2018 , Labonte joined RDV Competition to drive the No . 18 Toyota full-time in the Euro Series .",
"title": "Whelen Euro Series"
},
{
"text": " In February 2014 , it was announced that Labonte would appear as a racing analyst for the new program NASCAR America on NBCSN . He made his TV debut early in the 2014 season . In 2017 , Labonte made the move to FS1 as an analyst on Race Hub and Race Day programs .",
"title": "Broadcasting career"
},
{
"text": " Labonte currently resides in High Point , North Carolina with his wife Kristin . He has two children from his previous marriage to Donna Slate , Robert Tyler and Madison , and is an avid outdoorsman . Tyler recently graduated from Texas A&M and is now in law school at Campbell University in Buies Creek , North Carolina . Tyler has worked on political campaigns for Thom Tillis and served in 2014 as an intern for Interstate Batteries , which sponsored Bobbys 2000 championship season . Madison began school at Appalachian State University in the spring of 2017 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Labonte also owns Breaking Limits , a marketing , public relations , events and sponsorship agency , working out of High Point , North Carolina . Labonte continues to own a Red Mango yogurt shop on the campus of Duke University . The Bobby Labonte Foundation continues to provide grants to non-profit organizations located in the Triad of North Carolina whose work supports building stronger foundations for children and their families . Labonte also founded Longhorn Chassis with his brother Terry in 2010 . Longhorn Chassis builds dirt late model race cars .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Bobby Labonte at NASCAR.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Bobby_Labonte#P641#1
|
What sport did Bobby Labonte participate between Aug 1992 and Sep 1992?
|
Bobby Labonte Robert Allen Labonte ( born May 8 , 1964 ) is an American professional stock car racing driver . The 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series champion , he last competed full-time in the 2018 NASCAR Whelen Euro Series , driving the No . 18 Toyota for RDV Competition , and is an analyst on NASCAR RaceDay for FOX Sports . He and his older brother , Terry Labonte , are one of only two pairs of brothers to have both won the Cup championships ( along with Kurt Busch and Kyle Busch ) . He is also the uncle of former Xfinity Series race winner Justin Labonte . Labonte is the first driver to have won both the Winston Cup championship ( 2000 ) and the Busch Series championship ( 1991 ) in both series current , touring form . ( Ned Jarrett previously won both under the old points championship format ) . Bobby also won the IROC title in 2001 . Labonte is also the first driver to complete the NASCAR Triple Threat at the same track , by winning races at Martinsville in each of NASCARs top three racing series . Racing career . Beginnings . Labonte was born on May 8 , 1964 , in Corpus Christi , Texas . He began racing in 1969 in quarter midgets in his home state of Texas , winning his first feature race one year later . From then until 1977 , he drove in quarter-midgets throughout the United States , winning many races . In 1978 , he advanced to the go-kart ranks , but moved to North Carolina with his family following older brother Terrys advancement to the Winston Cup Series . In 1980 , Bobby made his NASCAR International Sedan Series debut in Atlanta , finishing third . Bobby made his Busch Series debut in 1982 at Martinsville Speedway , finishing 30th . Following his graduation from Trinity High School , he worked as a fabricator on Terrys cars at Hagan Racing . Labonte returned to the Busch Series in 1985 , running two races in a car he owned himself at Martinsville . In his first race , he finished 30th , bringing home only $220 . In his next race , though , he finished in 17th , his best finish so far . The next season , Bobby prepared his own car , which Terry drove , and Terry won his first Busch pole position and finished second at Road Atlanta . Labontes main success came driving late-model stock cars . In 1987 , Labonte won 12 races at Caraway Speedway , clinching the track championship , in addition to working for Jay Hedgecock . The following season , he competed at Concord Motorsports Park , winning six times , and ran six more Busch races , finishing 16th at Darlington Raceway . The next season , he ran seven more Busch Series races and had his first top-five finish at North Carolina Speedway . He had two more top-10s that year . Xfinity Series . 1990 . By 1990 , Labonte had finally earned enough money to race in the Busch Series full-time . He founded his own team , and drove the No . 44 Oldsmobile . He was successful , winning two poles ( both at Bristol Motor Speedway ) , scoring six top-5s , and 17 top-10s . He ended up finishing fourth in the standings and was also voted the Busch Series Most Popular Driver . 1991 . Next season , he continued his second-division success by winning the NASCAR Busch Series championship with two wins , 10 top-five and 21 top-10 finishes . He also won his first Busch Series race , at Bristol , then won again at OReilly Raceway Park in August . In addition to his Busch Series schedule , he made two Winston Cup starts in a Bobby Labonte Racing car at Dover International Speedway and Michigan International Speedway , finishing 34th and 38th , respectively . He won his first Busch Series title . 1992 . His 1992 season was a successful one , and he ended up winning three races ( at Lanier , Hickory , and Martinsville respectively ) , but lost the championship title to Joe Nemechek by three points . That championship finish is , to date , the second-closest finish in the history of NASCARs top three series ( behind the tiebreaker between Tony Stewart and Carl Edwards in the Sprint Cup Series in 2011 ) . 1993 . In 1993 , Labonte was called up by Bill Davis Racing to drive in the Winston Cup Series . He signed a contract to drive the No . 22 Ford Thunderbird . In his rookie season , he won his first pole at Richmond International Raceway , collected six top-10s and finished 19th in points . He was also second place behind Jeff Gordon for Rookie of the Year honors . He also competed in two Busch Series races , winning a pole and finishing second and 24th respectively . Also , Labonte continued to operate his main Busch Series team , hiring David Green to drive for him . Green finished third in points for Bobby Labonte Racing . 1994 . The next season , 1994 , Labonte achieved his second major success as a car owner when his Busch Series driver , David Green , won the championship . It was the second championship , and fifth top-five points finish in five years for Bobby Labonte Racing . He also ran in the Busch Series himself , making 12 starts and earning a victory at Michigan in August . In addition to his Busch Series exploits , Bobby continued running full-time in the Winston Cup series for Bill Davis Racing . He collected one top-5 and two top-10s and finished 21st in the standings , just missing out on the top 20 because of Todd Bodines two-position points standings gain in the final race of the season . 1996–present . In 2007 , Labonte won the Busch Series race at Talladega Speedway in April 2007 , edging Tony Stewart to the line in a thrilling finish . This was his first Busch Series win since 1998 . In the offseason following the 2007 season , Labonte agreed to a 15-race contract to drive the No . 21 Chevrolet for Richard Childress Racing in the now-Nationwide Series for the 2008 season . RCRs No . 21 team earned six victories in 2007 with driver Kevin Harvick , and has earned two of the organizations four series championships . In 2016 , Labonte returned to Joe Gibbs Racing to compete in the Xfinity Series opener at Daytona , driving the No . 18 Camry . Sprint Cup Series . 1995–2000 . At the end of the 1994 season , Labonte departed to replace Dale Jarrett as the driver of the No.18 Interstate Batteries-sponsored Chevrolet for Joe Gibbs Racing . Labonte would pick up his first career win in the Coca-Cola 600 in 1995 , a win he would call in 2018 the favorite of his career . He would also go on to sweep the races at Michigan and finish 10th in the standings . In 1996 , Labonte won the season-ending race at Atlanta , the same race where his brother Terry won the championship . The two took a victory lap together in what Labonte said was one of the most emotional and memorable moments of [ his ] life . That year , he finished 11th in the points standings . In 1997 , Gibbs switched car makes to a Pontiac Grand Prix . Labonte would go on to win the season-ending race at Atlanta for the second year in a row . He ended up seventh in the standings , his best finish at that point in his career . In 1998 , Labonte won at both Atlanta and Talladega , as well as pole positions for both Daytona races , finishing second to Dale Earnhardt in the 500 . He finished the year in sixth in final points , improving by a position . In 1999 , Labonte won five Winston Cup races , the most he has ever won in a single season . He won at Dover in the spring , swept both Pocono races ( he was the third to accomplish this particular sweep , after Bobby Allison in 1982 and Tim Richmond in 1986 ; since 1999 , Jimmie Johnson in 2004 , Denny Hamlin in 2006 , and Dale Earnhardt Jr . in 2014 have also done this ) , the second Michigan race , and the season finale at Atlanta . However , during the season , he suffered a broken shoulder in an accident while qualifying for a Busch Series race at Darlington Raceway , but raced in the Cup event two days later . Labonte started the race , but at the 1st caution was relieved by Matt Kenseth . He finished second in the points to Dale Jarrett , losing the championship by 201 points . In 2000 , Labonte won four races , the early-season race at Rockingham , the Brickyard 400 at Indianapolis , the Southern 500 at Darlington , and the fall race at Charlotte . He led the point standings for 25 weeks straight after taking over at California , and never relinquished it on the way to winning the Winston Cup championship , finishing ahead of Earnhardt by 265 points , completing all but nine of the 10,167 laps that season , with 4 wins , 19 top five finishes , 24 top ten finishes , 3 poles , an average finish of 7.4 , and had zero DNFs . 2001–2005 . Labonte began the 2001 season with a seventh-place finish in the Bud Shootout . At the Daytona 500 , he and his teammate Tony Stewart were two of the 18 drivers involved in a crash on lap 173 . Labontes hood broke off and got attached to Stewarts car , which flipped over twice . After getting out of his , Labonte was seen checking on Stewart to make sure he was okay . The accident was overshadowed by Dale Earnhardts fatal crash on the last lap of the same race . The following week at Rockingham , Labonte was narrowly beaten to the finish line by Steve Park in the rain-delayed Dura Lube 400 . He did not have another Top 10 finish until the Virginia 500 at Martinsville , where he finished in eighth . This was followed by a fifth-place finish in the Talladega 500 . His next Top 10 was another fifth-place finish in the Coca-Cola 600 . After less successful finishes at Dover and Michigan , Labonte had a second eighth-place finish at Pocono and a seventh-place finish at Sonoma , and a third fifth-place finish in the Pepsi 400 . At the end of July , Labonte won his first points-race of the year in the Pennsylvania 500 at Pocono . After the win , Labontes next Top 10 was a ninth-place finish at Watkins Glen , then eighth and third-place finishes at Bristol and Darlington , and a sixth-place finish at Richmond . He did not have back-to-back Top 10s again until the autumn races at Charlotte and Martinsville , where he finishing 10th and fourth respectively . In the fall at Talladega , Labonte started 34th . He managed to work his way up the field and took the lead on lap 107 . He led for 23 laps before falling back in the pack . He retook the lead on lap 184 but was involved in a frightening last lap crash . After leading three laps , Labonte was leading at the white flag on the outside lane . Going into turn 1 , Dale Earnhardt , Jr . overtook him in the lower groove , bringing Tony Stewart and Jeff Burton with him . Labonte moved up the track , trying to block Bobby Hamilton , but coming onto the back straightaway , Hamilton tapped him from behind . Labonte made contact with Johnny Benson , Jr . — sending that driver into the outside wall — and then spun , flipping over , and skidding partway down the track on his roof . This crash also collected Jason Leffler , Sterling Marlin , Robby Gordon , Mike Wallace , Ricky Craven , Terry Labonte , Buckshot Jones , Ricky Rudd , Ward Burton , and more . Labontes next Top 10 was another ninth-place finish at Rockingham . After winning at Atlanta and a third-place finish at the postponed New Hampshire 300 , he finished sixth in the final points standings . During 2001 , Labonte won the IROC XXV title , becoming the 13th consecutive NASCAR driver to win the IROC championship . In 2002 , Labonte only had one win , which was at Martinsville in the spring . He also drove a 9/11 Tribute car in 2002 with the phrase Lets Roll on the hood . It was his first career short-track win at Martinsville . He went on to finish 16th in the final points standings , and failed to finish in the Top 10 for the first time since 1996 , while his teammate Stewart went on to win the championship . In 2003 , Labonte rebounded and finished eighth in the standings after winning two races ( Atlanta and Homestead [ leading only the final lap ] ) . Also , Labonte went on a tear during the spring with three straight second-place finishes . In 2004 , Labonte did not win a race for the first time since 1994 ( ten years later ) , and finished 12th in the standings . 2005 saw much of the same . Labonte fell out of the Top 20 in points , and only had four Top 5s , one of which was a dramatic second at Lowes Motor Speedway in the Coca-Cola 600 . He also went on to race some Truck Series events , which included a win at Martinsville . His win there made him join an elite group of drivers that have won in all three divisions at one track . In fact , with his win , he became the first driver to do so . He also ran the 24 Hours of Daytona road race , sharing a car with his brother Terry , Jan Magnussen and Bryan Herta . After the disappointing 2005 season , Labonte asked and was granted to be released from Joe Gibbs Racing , having spent the last eleven seasons there . Labonte joined Petty Enterprises to drive the famous No . 43 . 2006–2008 . In his inaugural season in the famous No . 43 car , Labonte collected three Top 5s and eight Top 10s . His Top 5s included an impressive run at the Martinsville Speedway , where he finished third after being in contention for the win much of the day . He ended up finishing 21st in the points standings , three spots better than he did two years before . Labonte began the 2007 season with a 21st-place finish in the Daytona 500 , after avoiding the many accidents the race had . Labonte would end the year with no Top 5s and only three Top 10s . However , due to a more consistent season , he finished 18th in the standings , a three-position improvement over 2006 . In November , Labonte formed a full-service marketing agency , Breaking Limits , which is based in Huntersville , North Carolina . In 2008 , Labonte continued his contract with Petty Enterprises , but experienced a largely unsuccessful season , gathering only three Top 10s and no Top 5s on his way to finishing 21st in the Sprint Cup point standings . In December of that year , Labonte was released from Petty Enterprises while the team was negotiating a deal with a private equity firm that fell through , and Petty partnered with Gillett Evernham Motorsports . 2009 . On January 13 , 2009 , Labonte was confirmed to be the driver of the No . 96 Ford Fusion for Hall of Fame Racing , now in a partnership with Yates Racing . In the 2009 Spring Las Vegas race , the Shelby 427 , Labonte recorded his first Top 5 with Hall of Fame racing , and his best finish since he finished third in the Fall Martinsville race in 2006 . However , that was his only Top 5 run for the year . With eleven races remaining in the 2009 season , Labonte was replaced for Erik Darnell for 7 of the final eleven races due to sponsorship problems with the No . 96 . Labonte found a ride with TRG Motorsports and its 71 for the 7 races he was out of the 96 . In his first race at Atlanta , Labonte ran inside the Top 20 all night and scored an 18th-place finish . Two races later Labonte gave TRG its best qualifying effort with an eighth-place start , Labonte came home 22nd . At Talladega , Labonte finished 10th after , at one point , running second in that race to Dale Earnhardt , Jr . 2010 . From February 2010 – June 2010 , Labonte drove for TRG Motorsports and its No . 71 . Even though TRGs 2009 owner points were not enough to make the field guaranteed for the first five races of 2010 , Labontes past championship provisional gave the team that to fall back on , in the case that Labontes qualifying runs are not fast . For 2010 , Labonte was also reunited with Doug Randolph as his crew chief . Randolph finished the 2007 season with Labonte in the No . 43 for Petty Enterprises , posting two of three of Labontes Top 10 runs . TRG also announced an alliance with Richard Childress Racing for 2010 . RCR shared technology and equipment with TRG for the season . They also formed an alliance with Stewart Haas Racing , as Tony Stewart will provide a pit crew to the team . In his first race in the TRG , Labonte finished 21st in the Daytona 500 after he started 42nd with a champions provisional . For much of the race , Labonte was in the Top 25 . He would end up fading back over the next few races , as he and the team would struggle for consistency . On the May 16th Dover race , due to lack of sponsorship , Labonte and the 71 team parked the car after 66 laps . Arguably , some people might say that this season is the worst of his full-time career , as he only had two top 20 finishes in 2010 one at the Daytona 500 and one at the Infineon Raceway road course event . On June 22 , 2010 , it was announced that Labonte would be leaving the No . 71 due to the team being unable to secure sponsorship . On June 23 , Labonte was hired to drive car No . 7 for Robby Gordon Motorsports at New Hampshire in a one-race deal . C&J Energy Services entered into a partnership with Phoenix Racing which allowed Labonte to be hired to take over the No . 09 car beginning at Daytona and Labonte split the rest of the 2010 season between Phoenix Racing and TRG Motorsports . On October 11 , Stavola-Labonte Racing hired Labonte to drive its No . 10 car at Charlotte and Texas in a two-race deal . The team is co-owned by Bobbys older brother Terry . Despite bouncing around , Labonte competed in every race for the 2010 season . 2011–2012 . Labonte replaced Marcos Ambrose as the full-time driver of the No . 47 JTG Daugherty Racing Toyota Camry , with support from Michael Waltrip Racing . He finished 4th in the Daytona 500 , earning Labonte his 200th career top 10 finish in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series . Earning only one more top 10 finish so far in the season . JTG Daugherty Racing and Michael Waltrip Racing received a penalty for violating section 12-1 , 12-4-J , and 20-3.2.1A . Crew Chief Frankie Kerr was fined $50,000 and was suspended from 4 NASCAR Sprint Cup Championship events , and suspended from NASCAR until November , 23 . The same penalty was for Michael Waltrip Racing and the car chief for each team . The owners of the numbers 47 ( Tad Geschickter ) ; 56 ( Michael Waltrip ) ; and 00 ( Rob Kauffman ) ; were penalized 25 owner points . The drivers were also penalized 25 driver points . For the 2012 season , Labonte returned to the No . 47 car with most of the sponsors returning also . JTG Daugherty Racing also announced they will no longer operate out of the Michael Waltrip Racing shop . Todd Berrier took over the role as the crew chief . The crew chief at the time , Frank Kerr , moved to the position of shop foreman . 2013–2016 . Labonte ran in the 47 for the entire season until the 2013 Quicken Loans 400 at Michigan International Speedway , in which he ran the No . 51 for Phoenix Racing . Labonte ran at Sonoma Raceway in the 47 , but was subsequently replaced by A . J . Allmendinger in the 47 for selected races starting at the 2013 Quaker State 400 at Kentucky Speedway , ending Labontes streak of consecutive starts at 704 . The streak was second only to Jeff Gordons . Later in the year Labonte suffered broken ribs in a cycling accident , forcing him to miss three races , starting with the AdvoCare 500 at Atlanta . His last race with JTG Daughtery was at Phoenix International Raceway in November 2013 ; released afterwards , in December 2013 he announced that he would be running part-time in the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series in a second car for HScott Motorsports . During practice for the 2014 Daytona 500 Labonte blew an engine , and although he qualified for his 22nd consecutive 500 , he was relegated to the back of the starting grid . Labonte finished the race in 15th . A deal to run for James Finch in additional races fell through , thus Labonte did not make another start for the first half of the season . Instead , he tested cars for Richard Childress Racing . At the summer Daytona race , he drove the No . 33 RCR Chevrolet that Brian Scott had driven to the pole at Talladega , running under the Circle Sport banner . Labonte qualified 4th and contended for the lead at the beginning of the race , but was caught up in the Big One , finishing 26th . Tommy Baldwin Racing would field the No . 37 car with Accell Construction as the sponsor for Labonte at Indianapolis . In December 2014 , Labonte announced that he would drive for Go FAS Racing on the restrictor-plate tracks in 2015 , taking over for his brother Terry who retired after the 2014 GEICO 500 . He finished 24th at the 2015 Daytona 500 . In the spring Talladega race , Labonte finished 27th . The 2015 Coke Zero 400 did not go well for Labonte , as he was caught up in an early crash caused by David Gilliland and finished 43rd . For the Fall Talladega race , he finished 23rd , his best finish of the season . In 2016 , Labonte received the sponsorship of Bombardier Recreational Products and Cyclops Gear allowing him to run the four restrictor plate races for Go FAS Racing . For the Daytona 500 , Labonte would finish 31st . For Talladega , Labonte would finish 19th . Coming back to Daytona , Labonte would finish 24th . Coming back to Talladega , Labonte would finish 31st . Following the 2016 season , it was announced that Labonte would not return to Go FAS . Whelen Euro Series . In June 2017 , Labonte competed in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series race weekend at Brands Hatch , driving the No . 1 Ford for Alex Caffi Motorsport . He became the first Cup Series champion to race in the Euro Series . He started 22nd in both of the weekends two races , and finished 10th and 14th . In 2018 , Labonte joined RDV Competition to drive the No . 18 Toyota full-time in the Euro Series . Broadcasting career . In February 2014 , it was announced that Labonte would appear as a racing analyst for the new program NASCAR America on NBCSN . He made his TV debut early in the 2014 season . In 2017 , Labonte made the move to FS1 as an analyst on Race Hub and Race Day programs . Personal life . Labonte currently resides in High Point , North Carolina with his wife Kristin . He has two children from his previous marriage to Donna Slate , Robert Tyler and Madison , and is an avid outdoorsman . Tyler recently graduated from Texas A&M and is now in law school at Campbell University in Buies Creek , North Carolina . Tyler has worked on political campaigns for Thom Tillis and served in 2014 as an intern for Interstate Batteries , which sponsored Bobbys 2000 championship season . Madison began school at Appalachian State University in the spring of 2017 . Labonte also owns Breaking Limits , a marketing , public relations , events and sponsorship agency , working out of High Point , North Carolina . Labonte continues to own a Red Mango yogurt shop on the campus of Duke University . The Bobby Labonte Foundation continues to provide grants to non-profit organizations located in the Triad of North Carolina whose work supports building stronger foundations for children and their families . Labonte also founded Longhorn Chassis with his brother Terry in 2010 . Longhorn Chassis builds dirt late model race cars . Motorsports career results . NASCAR . Whelen Euro Series - Elite 1 . Season still in progress External links . - Bobby Labonte at NASCAR.com
|
[
"NASCAR Busch Series",
"Winston Cup Series"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert Allen Labonte ( born May 8 , 1964 ) is an American professional stock car racing driver . The 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series champion , he last competed full-time in the 2018 NASCAR Whelen Euro Series , driving the No . 18 Toyota for RDV Competition , and is an analyst on NASCAR RaceDay for FOX Sports .",
"title": "Bobby Labonte"
},
{
"text": "He and his older brother , Terry Labonte , are one of only two pairs of brothers to have both won the Cup championships ( along with Kurt Busch and Kyle Busch ) . He is also the uncle of former Xfinity Series race winner Justin Labonte .",
"title": "Bobby Labonte"
},
{
"text": " Labonte is the first driver to have won both the Winston Cup championship ( 2000 ) and the Busch Series championship ( 1991 ) in both series current , touring form . ( Ned Jarrett previously won both under the old points championship format ) . Bobby also won the IROC title in 2001 . Labonte is also the first driver to complete the NASCAR Triple Threat at the same track , by winning races at Martinsville in each of NASCARs top three racing series .",
"title": "Bobby Labonte"
},
{
"text": "Labonte was born on May 8 , 1964 , in Corpus Christi , Texas . He began racing in 1969 in quarter midgets in his home state of Texas , winning his first feature race one year later . From then until 1977 , he drove in quarter-midgets throughout the United States , winning many races . In 1978 , he advanced to the go-kart ranks , but moved to North Carolina with his family following older brother Terrys advancement to the Winston Cup Series . In 1980 , Bobby made his NASCAR International Sedan Series debut in Atlanta ,",
"title": "Beginnings"
},
{
"text": "finishing third . Bobby made his Busch Series debut in 1982 at Martinsville Speedway , finishing 30th . Following his graduation from Trinity High School , he worked as a fabricator on Terrys cars at Hagan Racing . Labonte returned to the Busch Series in 1985 , running two races in a car he owned himself at Martinsville . In his first race , he finished 30th , bringing home only $220 . In his next race , though , he finished in 17th , his best finish so far .",
"title": "Beginnings"
},
{
"text": " The next season , Bobby prepared his own car , which Terry drove , and Terry won his first Busch pole position and finished second at Road Atlanta .",
"title": "Beginnings"
},
{
"text": "Labontes main success came driving late-model stock cars . In 1987 , Labonte won 12 races at Caraway Speedway , clinching the track championship , in addition to working for Jay Hedgecock . The following season , he competed at Concord Motorsports Park , winning six times , and ran six more Busch races , finishing 16th at Darlington Raceway . The next season , he ran seven more Busch Series races and had his first top-five finish at North Carolina Speedway . He had two more top-10s that year .",
"title": "Beginnings"
},
{
"text": " 1990 . By 1990 , Labonte had finally earned enough money to race in the Busch Series full-time . He founded his own team , and drove the No . 44 Oldsmobile . He was successful , winning two poles ( both at Bristol Motor Speedway ) , scoring six top-5s , and 17 top-10s . He ended up finishing fourth in the standings and was also voted the Busch Series Most Popular Driver . 1991 .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "Next season , he continued his second-division success by winning the NASCAR Busch Series championship with two wins , 10 top-five and 21 top-10 finishes . He also won his first Busch Series race , at Bristol , then won again at OReilly Raceway Park in August .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": " In addition to his Busch Series schedule , he made two Winston Cup starts in a Bobby Labonte Racing car at Dover International Speedway and Michigan International Speedway , finishing 34th and 38th , respectively . He won his first Busch Series title . 1992 .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "His 1992 season was a successful one , and he ended up winning three races ( at Lanier , Hickory , and Martinsville respectively ) , but lost the championship title to Joe Nemechek by three points . That championship finish is , to date , the second-closest finish in the history of NASCARs top three series ( behind the tiebreaker between Tony Stewart and Carl Edwards in the Sprint Cup Series in 2011 ) .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "In 1993 , Labonte was called up by Bill Davis Racing to drive in the Winston Cup Series . He signed a contract to drive the No . 22 Ford Thunderbird . In his rookie season , he won his first pole at Richmond International Raceway , collected six top-10s and finished 19th in points . He was also second place behind Jeff Gordon for Rookie of the Year honors . He also competed in two Busch Series races , winning a pole and finishing second and 24th respectively . Also , Labonte continued to operate his main Busch Series",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "team , hiring David Green to drive for him . Green finished third in points for Bobby Labonte Racing .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "The next season , 1994 , Labonte achieved his second major success as a car owner when his Busch Series driver , David Green , won the championship . It was the second championship , and fifth top-five points finish in five years for Bobby Labonte Racing . He also ran in the Busch Series himself , making 12 starts and earning a victory at Michigan in August . In addition to his Busch Series exploits , Bobby continued running full-time in the Winston Cup series for Bill Davis Racing . He collected one top-5 and two top-10s and finished",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "21st in the standings , just missing out on the top 20 because of Todd Bodines two-position points standings gain in the final race of the season .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": " 1996–present . In 2007 , Labonte won the Busch Series race at Talladega Speedway in April 2007 , edging Tony Stewart to the line in a thrilling finish . This was his first Busch Series win since 1998 . In the offseason following the 2007 season , Labonte agreed to a 15-race contract to drive the No . 21 Chevrolet for Richard Childress Racing in the now-Nationwide Series for the 2008 season . RCRs No . 21 team earned six victories in 2007 with driver Kevin Harvick , and has earned two of the organizations four series championships .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Labonte returned to Joe Gibbs Racing to compete in the Xfinity Series opener at Daytona , driving the No . 18 Camry .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": " 1995–2000 . At the end of the 1994 season , Labonte departed to replace Dale Jarrett as the driver of the No.18 Interstate Batteries-sponsored Chevrolet for Joe Gibbs Racing . Labonte would pick up his first career win in the Coca-Cola 600 in 1995 , a win he would call in 2018 the favorite of his career . He would also go on to sweep the races at Michigan and finish 10th in the standings .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 1996 , Labonte won the season-ending race at Atlanta , the same race where his brother Terry won the championship . The two took a victory lap together in what Labonte said was one of the most emotional and memorable moments of [ his ] life . That year , he finished 11th in the points standings .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " In 1997 , Gibbs switched car makes to a Pontiac Grand Prix . Labonte would go on to win the season-ending race at Atlanta for the second year in a row . He ended up seventh in the standings , his best finish at that point in his career . In 1998 , Labonte won at both Atlanta and Talladega , as well as pole positions for both Daytona races , finishing second to Dale Earnhardt in the 500 . He finished the year in sixth in final points , improving by a position .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , Labonte won five Winston Cup races , the most he has ever won in a single season . He won at Dover in the spring , swept both Pocono races ( he was the third to accomplish this particular sweep , after Bobby Allison in 1982 and Tim Richmond in 1986 ; since 1999 , Jimmie Johnson in 2004 , Denny Hamlin in 2006 , and Dale Earnhardt Jr . in 2014 have also done this ) , the second Michigan race , and the season finale at Atlanta . However , during the season , he",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "suffered a broken shoulder in an accident while qualifying for a Busch Series race at Darlington Raceway , but raced in the Cup event two days later . Labonte started the race , but at the 1st caution was relieved by Matt Kenseth . He finished second in the points to Dale Jarrett , losing the championship by 201 points .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Labonte won four races , the early-season race at Rockingham , the Brickyard 400 at Indianapolis , the Southern 500 at Darlington , and the fall race at Charlotte . He led the point standings for 25 weeks straight after taking over at California , and never relinquished it on the way to winning the Winston Cup championship , finishing ahead of Earnhardt by 265 points , completing all but nine of the 10,167 laps that season , with 4 wins , 19 top five finishes , 24 top ten finishes , 3 poles , an average",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "finish of 7.4 , and had zero DNFs .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " 2001–2005 . Labonte began the 2001 season with a seventh-place finish in the Bud Shootout . At the Daytona 500 , he and his teammate Tony Stewart were two of the 18 drivers involved in a crash on lap 173 . Labontes hood broke off and got attached to Stewarts car , which flipped over twice . After getting out of his , Labonte was seen checking on Stewart to make sure he was okay . The accident was overshadowed by Dale Earnhardts fatal crash on the last lap of the same race .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "The following week at Rockingham , Labonte was narrowly beaten to the finish line by Steve Park in the rain-delayed Dura Lube 400 . He did not have another Top 10 finish until the Virginia 500 at Martinsville , where he finished in eighth . This was followed by a fifth-place finish in the Talladega 500 . His next Top 10 was another fifth-place finish in the Coca-Cola 600 . After less successful finishes at Dover and Michigan , Labonte had a second eighth-place finish at Pocono and a seventh-place finish at Sonoma , and a third fifth-place finish in",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "the Pepsi 400 . At the end of July , Labonte won his first points-race of the year in the Pennsylvania 500 at Pocono .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " After the win , Labontes next Top 10 was a ninth-place finish at Watkins Glen , then eighth and third-place finishes at Bristol and Darlington , and a sixth-place finish at Richmond . He did not have back-to-back Top 10s again until the autumn races at Charlotte and Martinsville , where he finishing 10th and fourth respectively .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In the fall at Talladega , Labonte started 34th . He managed to work his way up the field and took the lead on lap 107 . He led for 23 laps before falling back in the pack . He retook the lead on lap 184 but was involved in a frightening last lap crash . After leading three laps , Labonte was leading at the white flag on the outside lane . Going into turn 1 , Dale Earnhardt , Jr . overtook him in the lower groove , bringing Tony Stewart and Jeff Burton with him . Labonte",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "moved up the track , trying to block Bobby Hamilton , but coming onto the back straightaway , Hamilton tapped him from behind . Labonte made contact with Johnny Benson , Jr . — sending that driver into the outside wall — and then spun , flipping over , and skidding partway down the track on his roof . This crash also collected Jason Leffler , Sterling Marlin , Robby Gordon , Mike Wallace , Ricky Craven , Terry Labonte , Buckshot Jones , Ricky Rudd , Ward Burton , and more .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " Labontes next Top 10 was another ninth-place finish at Rockingham . After winning at Atlanta and a third-place finish at the postponed New Hampshire 300 , he finished sixth in the final points standings . During 2001 , Labonte won the IROC XXV title , becoming the 13th consecutive NASCAR driver to win the IROC championship .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , Labonte only had one win , which was at Martinsville in the spring . He also drove a 9/11 Tribute car in 2002 with the phrase Lets Roll on the hood . It was his first career short-track win at Martinsville . He went on to finish 16th in the final points standings , and failed to finish in the Top 10 for the first time since 1996 , while his teammate Stewart went on to win the championship .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " In 2003 , Labonte rebounded and finished eighth in the standings after winning two races ( Atlanta and Homestead [ leading only the final lap ] ) . Also , Labonte went on a tear during the spring with three straight second-place finishes . In 2004 , Labonte did not win a race for the first time since 1994 ( ten years later ) , and finished 12th in the standings .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "2005 saw much of the same . Labonte fell out of the Top 20 in points , and only had four Top 5s , one of which was a dramatic second at Lowes Motor Speedway in the Coca-Cola 600 . He also went on to race some Truck Series events , which included a win at Martinsville . His win there made him join an elite group of drivers that have won in all three divisions at one track . In fact , with his win , he became the first driver to do so .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " He also ran the 24 Hours of Daytona road race , sharing a car with his brother Terry , Jan Magnussen and Bryan Herta . After the disappointing 2005 season , Labonte asked and was granted to be released from Joe Gibbs Racing , having spent the last eleven seasons there . Labonte joined Petty Enterprises to drive the famous No . 43 . 2006–2008 .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In his inaugural season in the famous No . 43 car , Labonte collected three Top 5s and eight Top 10s . His Top 5s included an impressive run at the Martinsville Speedway , where he finished third after being in contention for the win much of the day . He ended up finishing 21st in the points standings , three spots better than he did two years before .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " Labonte began the 2007 season with a 21st-place finish in the Daytona 500 , after avoiding the many accidents the race had . Labonte would end the year with no Top 5s and only three Top 10s . However , due to a more consistent season , he finished 18th in the standings , a three-position improvement over 2006 . In November , Labonte formed a full-service marketing agency , Breaking Limits , which is based in Huntersville , North Carolina .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , Labonte continued his contract with Petty Enterprises , but experienced a largely unsuccessful season , gathering only three Top 10s and no Top 5s on his way to finishing 21st in the Sprint Cup point standings . In December of that year , Labonte was released from Petty Enterprises while the team was negotiating a deal with a private equity firm that fell through , and Petty partnered with Gillett Evernham Motorsports .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "On January 13 , 2009 , Labonte was confirmed to be the driver of the No . 96 Ford Fusion for Hall of Fame Racing , now in a partnership with Yates Racing . In the 2009 Spring Las Vegas race , the Shelby 427 , Labonte recorded his first Top 5 with Hall of Fame racing , and his best finish since he finished third in the Fall Martinsville race in 2006 . However , that was his only Top 5 run for the year . With eleven races remaining in the 2009 season , Labonte was replaced for",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Erik Darnell for 7 of the final eleven races due to sponsorship problems with the No . 96 . Labonte found a ride with TRG Motorsports and its 71 for the 7 races he was out of the 96 . In his first race at Atlanta , Labonte ran inside the Top 20 all night and scored an 18th-place finish . Two races later Labonte gave TRG its best qualifying effort with an eighth-place start , Labonte came home 22nd . At Talladega , Labonte finished 10th after , at one point , running second in that race to Dale",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Earnhardt , Jr .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "From February 2010 – June 2010 , Labonte drove for TRG Motorsports and its No . 71 . Even though TRGs 2009 owner points were not enough to make the field guaranteed for the first five races of 2010 , Labontes past championship provisional gave the team that to fall back on , in the case that Labontes qualifying runs are not fast . For 2010 , Labonte was also reunited with Doug Randolph as his crew chief . Randolph finished the 2007 season with Labonte in the No . 43 for Petty Enterprises , posting two of three of",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Labontes Top 10 runs . TRG also announced an alliance with Richard Childress Racing for 2010 . RCR shared technology and equipment with TRG for the season . They also formed an alliance with Stewart Haas Racing , as Tony Stewart will provide a pit crew to the team .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In his first race in the TRG , Labonte finished 21st in the Daytona 500 after he started 42nd with a champions provisional . For much of the race , Labonte was in the Top 25 . He would end up fading back over the next few races , as he and the team would struggle for consistency . On the May 16th Dover race , due to lack of sponsorship , Labonte and the 71 team parked the car after 66 laps . Arguably , some people might say that this season is the worst of his full-time career",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": ", as he only had two top 20 finishes in 2010 one at the Daytona 500 and one at the Infineon Raceway road course event .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " On June 22 , 2010 , it was announced that Labonte would be leaving the No . 71 due to the team being unable to secure sponsorship . On June 23 , Labonte was hired to drive car No . 7 for Robby Gordon Motorsports at New Hampshire in a one-race deal .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "C&J Energy Services entered into a partnership with Phoenix Racing which allowed Labonte to be hired to take over the No . 09 car beginning at Daytona and Labonte split the rest of the 2010 season between Phoenix Racing and TRG Motorsports . On October 11 , Stavola-Labonte Racing hired Labonte to drive its No . 10 car at Charlotte and Texas in a two-race deal . The team is co-owned by Bobbys older brother Terry . Despite bouncing around , Labonte competed in every race for the 2010 season .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Labonte replaced Marcos Ambrose as the full-time driver of the No . 47 JTG Daugherty Racing Toyota Camry , with support from Michael Waltrip Racing . He finished 4th in the Daytona 500 , earning Labonte his 200th career top 10 finish in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series . Earning only one more top 10 finish so far in the season . JTG Daugherty Racing and Michael Waltrip Racing received a penalty for violating section 12-1 , 12-4-J , and 20-3.2.1A . Crew Chief Frankie Kerr was fined $50,000 and was suspended from 4 NASCAR Sprint Cup Championship events ,",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "and suspended from NASCAR until November , 23 . The same penalty was for Michael Waltrip Racing and the car chief for each team . The owners of the numbers 47 ( Tad Geschickter ) ; 56 ( Michael Waltrip ) ; and 00 ( Rob Kauffman ) ; were penalized 25 owner points . The drivers were also penalized 25 driver points .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " For the 2012 season , Labonte returned to the No . 47 car with most of the sponsors returning also . JTG Daugherty Racing also announced they will no longer operate out of the Michael Waltrip Racing shop . Todd Berrier took over the role as the crew chief . The crew chief at the time , Frank Kerr , moved to the position of shop foreman . 2013–2016 .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Labonte ran in the 47 for the entire season until the 2013 Quicken Loans 400 at Michigan International Speedway , in which he ran the No . 51 for Phoenix Racing . Labonte ran at Sonoma Raceway in the 47 , but was subsequently replaced by A . J . Allmendinger in the 47 for selected races starting at the 2013 Quaker State 400 at Kentucky Speedway , ending Labontes streak of consecutive starts at 704 . The streak was second only to Jeff Gordons . Later in the year Labonte suffered broken ribs in a cycling accident , forcing",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "him to miss three races , starting with the AdvoCare 500 at Atlanta .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " His last race with JTG Daughtery was at Phoenix International Raceway in November 2013 ; released afterwards , in December 2013 he announced that he would be running part-time in the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series in a second car for HScott Motorsports . During practice for the 2014 Daytona 500 Labonte blew an engine , and although he qualified for his 22nd consecutive 500 , he was relegated to the back of the starting grid . Labonte finished the race in 15th .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "A deal to run for James Finch in additional races fell through , thus Labonte did not make another start for the first half of the season . Instead , he tested cars for Richard Childress Racing . At the summer Daytona race , he drove the No . 33 RCR Chevrolet that Brian Scott had driven to the pole at Talladega , running under the Circle Sport banner . Labonte qualified 4th and contended for the lead at the beginning of the race , but was caught up in the Big One , finishing 26th . Tommy Baldwin Racing",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "would field the No . 37 car with Accell Construction as the sponsor for Labonte at Indianapolis .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In December 2014 , Labonte announced that he would drive for Go FAS Racing on the restrictor-plate tracks in 2015 , taking over for his brother Terry who retired after the 2014 GEICO 500 . He finished 24th at the 2015 Daytona 500 . In the spring Talladega race , Labonte finished 27th . The 2015 Coke Zero 400 did not go well for Labonte , as he was caught up in an early crash caused by David Gilliland and finished 43rd . For the Fall Talladega race , he finished 23rd , his best finish of the season .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Labonte received the sponsorship of Bombardier Recreational Products and Cyclops Gear allowing him to run the four restrictor plate races for Go FAS Racing . For the Daytona 500 , Labonte would finish 31st . For Talladega , Labonte would finish 19th . Coming back to Daytona , Labonte would finish 24th . Coming back to Talladega , Labonte would finish 31st . Following the 2016 season , it was announced that Labonte would not return to Go FAS .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " In June 2017 , Labonte competed in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series race weekend at Brands Hatch , driving the No . 1 Ford for Alex Caffi Motorsport . He became the first Cup Series champion to race in the Euro Series . He started 22nd in both of the weekends two races , and finished 10th and 14th . In 2018 , Labonte joined RDV Competition to drive the No . 18 Toyota full-time in the Euro Series .",
"title": "Whelen Euro Series"
},
{
"text": " In February 2014 , it was announced that Labonte would appear as a racing analyst for the new program NASCAR America on NBCSN . He made his TV debut early in the 2014 season . In 2017 , Labonte made the move to FS1 as an analyst on Race Hub and Race Day programs .",
"title": "Broadcasting career"
},
{
"text": " Labonte currently resides in High Point , North Carolina with his wife Kristin . He has two children from his previous marriage to Donna Slate , Robert Tyler and Madison , and is an avid outdoorsman . Tyler recently graduated from Texas A&M and is now in law school at Campbell University in Buies Creek , North Carolina . Tyler has worked on political campaigns for Thom Tillis and served in 2014 as an intern for Interstate Batteries , which sponsored Bobbys 2000 championship season . Madison began school at Appalachian State University in the spring of 2017 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Labonte also owns Breaking Limits , a marketing , public relations , events and sponsorship agency , working out of High Point , North Carolina . Labonte continues to own a Red Mango yogurt shop on the campus of Duke University . The Bobby Labonte Foundation continues to provide grants to non-profit organizations located in the Triad of North Carolina whose work supports building stronger foundations for children and their families . Labonte also founded Longhorn Chassis with his brother Terry in 2010 . Longhorn Chassis builds dirt late model race cars .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Bobby Labonte at NASCAR.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Bobby_Labonte#P641#2
|
What sport did Bobby Labonte participate between Nov 2008 and Oct 2013?
|
Bobby Labonte Robert Allen Labonte ( born May 8 , 1964 ) is an American professional stock car racing driver . The 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series champion , he last competed full-time in the 2018 NASCAR Whelen Euro Series , driving the No . 18 Toyota for RDV Competition , and is an analyst on NASCAR RaceDay for FOX Sports . He and his older brother , Terry Labonte , are one of only two pairs of brothers to have both won the Cup championships ( along with Kurt Busch and Kyle Busch ) . He is also the uncle of former Xfinity Series race winner Justin Labonte . Labonte is the first driver to have won both the Winston Cup championship ( 2000 ) and the Busch Series championship ( 1991 ) in both series current , touring form . ( Ned Jarrett previously won both under the old points championship format ) . Bobby also won the IROC title in 2001 . Labonte is also the first driver to complete the NASCAR Triple Threat at the same track , by winning races at Martinsville in each of NASCARs top three racing series . Racing career . Beginnings . Labonte was born on May 8 , 1964 , in Corpus Christi , Texas . He began racing in 1969 in quarter midgets in his home state of Texas , winning his first feature race one year later . From then until 1977 , he drove in quarter-midgets throughout the United States , winning many races . In 1978 , he advanced to the go-kart ranks , but moved to North Carolina with his family following older brother Terrys advancement to the Winston Cup Series . In 1980 , Bobby made his NASCAR International Sedan Series debut in Atlanta , finishing third . Bobby made his Busch Series debut in 1982 at Martinsville Speedway , finishing 30th . Following his graduation from Trinity High School , he worked as a fabricator on Terrys cars at Hagan Racing . Labonte returned to the Busch Series in 1985 , running two races in a car he owned himself at Martinsville . In his first race , he finished 30th , bringing home only $220 . In his next race , though , he finished in 17th , his best finish so far . The next season , Bobby prepared his own car , which Terry drove , and Terry won his first Busch pole position and finished second at Road Atlanta . Labontes main success came driving late-model stock cars . In 1987 , Labonte won 12 races at Caraway Speedway , clinching the track championship , in addition to working for Jay Hedgecock . The following season , he competed at Concord Motorsports Park , winning six times , and ran six more Busch races , finishing 16th at Darlington Raceway . The next season , he ran seven more Busch Series races and had his first top-five finish at North Carolina Speedway . He had two more top-10s that year . Xfinity Series . 1990 . By 1990 , Labonte had finally earned enough money to race in the Busch Series full-time . He founded his own team , and drove the No . 44 Oldsmobile . He was successful , winning two poles ( both at Bristol Motor Speedway ) , scoring six top-5s , and 17 top-10s . He ended up finishing fourth in the standings and was also voted the Busch Series Most Popular Driver . 1991 . Next season , he continued his second-division success by winning the NASCAR Busch Series championship with two wins , 10 top-five and 21 top-10 finishes . He also won his first Busch Series race , at Bristol , then won again at OReilly Raceway Park in August . In addition to his Busch Series schedule , he made two Winston Cup starts in a Bobby Labonte Racing car at Dover International Speedway and Michigan International Speedway , finishing 34th and 38th , respectively . He won his first Busch Series title . 1992 . His 1992 season was a successful one , and he ended up winning three races ( at Lanier , Hickory , and Martinsville respectively ) , but lost the championship title to Joe Nemechek by three points . That championship finish is , to date , the second-closest finish in the history of NASCARs top three series ( behind the tiebreaker between Tony Stewart and Carl Edwards in the Sprint Cup Series in 2011 ) . 1993 . In 1993 , Labonte was called up by Bill Davis Racing to drive in the Winston Cup Series . He signed a contract to drive the No . 22 Ford Thunderbird . In his rookie season , he won his first pole at Richmond International Raceway , collected six top-10s and finished 19th in points . He was also second place behind Jeff Gordon for Rookie of the Year honors . He also competed in two Busch Series races , winning a pole and finishing second and 24th respectively . Also , Labonte continued to operate his main Busch Series team , hiring David Green to drive for him . Green finished third in points for Bobby Labonte Racing . 1994 . The next season , 1994 , Labonte achieved his second major success as a car owner when his Busch Series driver , David Green , won the championship . It was the second championship , and fifth top-five points finish in five years for Bobby Labonte Racing . He also ran in the Busch Series himself , making 12 starts and earning a victory at Michigan in August . In addition to his Busch Series exploits , Bobby continued running full-time in the Winston Cup series for Bill Davis Racing . He collected one top-5 and two top-10s and finished 21st in the standings , just missing out on the top 20 because of Todd Bodines two-position points standings gain in the final race of the season . 1996–present . In 2007 , Labonte won the Busch Series race at Talladega Speedway in April 2007 , edging Tony Stewart to the line in a thrilling finish . This was his first Busch Series win since 1998 . In the offseason following the 2007 season , Labonte agreed to a 15-race contract to drive the No . 21 Chevrolet for Richard Childress Racing in the now-Nationwide Series for the 2008 season . RCRs No . 21 team earned six victories in 2007 with driver Kevin Harvick , and has earned two of the organizations four series championships . In 2016 , Labonte returned to Joe Gibbs Racing to compete in the Xfinity Series opener at Daytona , driving the No . 18 Camry . Sprint Cup Series . 1995–2000 . At the end of the 1994 season , Labonte departed to replace Dale Jarrett as the driver of the No.18 Interstate Batteries-sponsored Chevrolet for Joe Gibbs Racing . Labonte would pick up his first career win in the Coca-Cola 600 in 1995 , a win he would call in 2018 the favorite of his career . He would also go on to sweep the races at Michigan and finish 10th in the standings . In 1996 , Labonte won the season-ending race at Atlanta , the same race where his brother Terry won the championship . The two took a victory lap together in what Labonte said was one of the most emotional and memorable moments of [ his ] life . That year , he finished 11th in the points standings . In 1997 , Gibbs switched car makes to a Pontiac Grand Prix . Labonte would go on to win the season-ending race at Atlanta for the second year in a row . He ended up seventh in the standings , his best finish at that point in his career . In 1998 , Labonte won at both Atlanta and Talladega , as well as pole positions for both Daytona races , finishing second to Dale Earnhardt in the 500 . He finished the year in sixth in final points , improving by a position . In 1999 , Labonte won five Winston Cup races , the most he has ever won in a single season . He won at Dover in the spring , swept both Pocono races ( he was the third to accomplish this particular sweep , after Bobby Allison in 1982 and Tim Richmond in 1986 ; since 1999 , Jimmie Johnson in 2004 , Denny Hamlin in 2006 , and Dale Earnhardt Jr . in 2014 have also done this ) , the second Michigan race , and the season finale at Atlanta . However , during the season , he suffered a broken shoulder in an accident while qualifying for a Busch Series race at Darlington Raceway , but raced in the Cup event two days later . Labonte started the race , but at the 1st caution was relieved by Matt Kenseth . He finished second in the points to Dale Jarrett , losing the championship by 201 points . In 2000 , Labonte won four races , the early-season race at Rockingham , the Brickyard 400 at Indianapolis , the Southern 500 at Darlington , and the fall race at Charlotte . He led the point standings for 25 weeks straight after taking over at California , and never relinquished it on the way to winning the Winston Cup championship , finishing ahead of Earnhardt by 265 points , completing all but nine of the 10,167 laps that season , with 4 wins , 19 top five finishes , 24 top ten finishes , 3 poles , an average finish of 7.4 , and had zero DNFs . 2001–2005 . Labonte began the 2001 season with a seventh-place finish in the Bud Shootout . At the Daytona 500 , he and his teammate Tony Stewart were two of the 18 drivers involved in a crash on lap 173 . Labontes hood broke off and got attached to Stewarts car , which flipped over twice . After getting out of his , Labonte was seen checking on Stewart to make sure he was okay . The accident was overshadowed by Dale Earnhardts fatal crash on the last lap of the same race . The following week at Rockingham , Labonte was narrowly beaten to the finish line by Steve Park in the rain-delayed Dura Lube 400 . He did not have another Top 10 finish until the Virginia 500 at Martinsville , where he finished in eighth . This was followed by a fifth-place finish in the Talladega 500 . His next Top 10 was another fifth-place finish in the Coca-Cola 600 . After less successful finishes at Dover and Michigan , Labonte had a second eighth-place finish at Pocono and a seventh-place finish at Sonoma , and a third fifth-place finish in the Pepsi 400 . At the end of July , Labonte won his first points-race of the year in the Pennsylvania 500 at Pocono . After the win , Labontes next Top 10 was a ninth-place finish at Watkins Glen , then eighth and third-place finishes at Bristol and Darlington , and a sixth-place finish at Richmond . He did not have back-to-back Top 10s again until the autumn races at Charlotte and Martinsville , where he finishing 10th and fourth respectively . In the fall at Talladega , Labonte started 34th . He managed to work his way up the field and took the lead on lap 107 . He led for 23 laps before falling back in the pack . He retook the lead on lap 184 but was involved in a frightening last lap crash . After leading three laps , Labonte was leading at the white flag on the outside lane . Going into turn 1 , Dale Earnhardt , Jr . overtook him in the lower groove , bringing Tony Stewart and Jeff Burton with him . Labonte moved up the track , trying to block Bobby Hamilton , but coming onto the back straightaway , Hamilton tapped him from behind . Labonte made contact with Johnny Benson , Jr . — sending that driver into the outside wall — and then spun , flipping over , and skidding partway down the track on his roof . This crash also collected Jason Leffler , Sterling Marlin , Robby Gordon , Mike Wallace , Ricky Craven , Terry Labonte , Buckshot Jones , Ricky Rudd , Ward Burton , and more . Labontes next Top 10 was another ninth-place finish at Rockingham . After winning at Atlanta and a third-place finish at the postponed New Hampshire 300 , he finished sixth in the final points standings . During 2001 , Labonte won the IROC XXV title , becoming the 13th consecutive NASCAR driver to win the IROC championship . In 2002 , Labonte only had one win , which was at Martinsville in the spring . He also drove a 9/11 Tribute car in 2002 with the phrase Lets Roll on the hood . It was his first career short-track win at Martinsville . He went on to finish 16th in the final points standings , and failed to finish in the Top 10 for the first time since 1996 , while his teammate Stewart went on to win the championship . In 2003 , Labonte rebounded and finished eighth in the standings after winning two races ( Atlanta and Homestead [ leading only the final lap ] ) . Also , Labonte went on a tear during the spring with three straight second-place finishes . In 2004 , Labonte did not win a race for the first time since 1994 ( ten years later ) , and finished 12th in the standings . 2005 saw much of the same . Labonte fell out of the Top 20 in points , and only had four Top 5s , one of which was a dramatic second at Lowes Motor Speedway in the Coca-Cola 600 . He also went on to race some Truck Series events , which included a win at Martinsville . His win there made him join an elite group of drivers that have won in all three divisions at one track . In fact , with his win , he became the first driver to do so . He also ran the 24 Hours of Daytona road race , sharing a car with his brother Terry , Jan Magnussen and Bryan Herta . After the disappointing 2005 season , Labonte asked and was granted to be released from Joe Gibbs Racing , having spent the last eleven seasons there . Labonte joined Petty Enterprises to drive the famous No . 43 . 2006–2008 . In his inaugural season in the famous No . 43 car , Labonte collected three Top 5s and eight Top 10s . His Top 5s included an impressive run at the Martinsville Speedway , where he finished third after being in contention for the win much of the day . He ended up finishing 21st in the points standings , three spots better than he did two years before . Labonte began the 2007 season with a 21st-place finish in the Daytona 500 , after avoiding the many accidents the race had . Labonte would end the year with no Top 5s and only three Top 10s . However , due to a more consistent season , he finished 18th in the standings , a three-position improvement over 2006 . In November , Labonte formed a full-service marketing agency , Breaking Limits , which is based in Huntersville , North Carolina . In 2008 , Labonte continued his contract with Petty Enterprises , but experienced a largely unsuccessful season , gathering only three Top 10s and no Top 5s on his way to finishing 21st in the Sprint Cup point standings . In December of that year , Labonte was released from Petty Enterprises while the team was negotiating a deal with a private equity firm that fell through , and Petty partnered with Gillett Evernham Motorsports . 2009 . On January 13 , 2009 , Labonte was confirmed to be the driver of the No . 96 Ford Fusion for Hall of Fame Racing , now in a partnership with Yates Racing . In the 2009 Spring Las Vegas race , the Shelby 427 , Labonte recorded his first Top 5 with Hall of Fame racing , and his best finish since he finished third in the Fall Martinsville race in 2006 . However , that was his only Top 5 run for the year . With eleven races remaining in the 2009 season , Labonte was replaced for Erik Darnell for 7 of the final eleven races due to sponsorship problems with the No . 96 . Labonte found a ride with TRG Motorsports and its 71 for the 7 races he was out of the 96 . In his first race at Atlanta , Labonte ran inside the Top 20 all night and scored an 18th-place finish . Two races later Labonte gave TRG its best qualifying effort with an eighth-place start , Labonte came home 22nd . At Talladega , Labonte finished 10th after , at one point , running second in that race to Dale Earnhardt , Jr . 2010 . From February 2010 – June 2010 , Labonte drove for TRG Motorsports and its No . 71 . Even though TRGs 2009 owner points were not enough to make the field guaranteed for the first five races of 2010 , Labontes past championship provisional gave the team that to fall back on , in the case that Labontes qualifying runs are not fast . For 2010 , Labonte was also reunited with Doug Randolph as his crew chief . Randolph finished the 2007 season with Labonte in the No . 43 for Petty Enterprises , posting two of three of Labontes Top 10 runs . TRG also announced an alliance with Richard Childress Racing for 2010 . RCR shared technology and equipment with TRG for the season . They also formed an alliance with Stewart Haas Racing , as Tony Stewart will provide a pit crew to the team . In his first race in the TRG , Labonte finished 21st in the Daytona 500 after he started 42nd with a champions provisional . For much of the race , Labonte was in the Top 25 . He would end up fading back over the next few races , as he and the team would struggle for consistency . On the May 16th Dover race , due to lack of sponsorship , Labonte and the 71 team parked the car after 66 laps . Arguably , some people might say that this season is the worst of his full-time career , as he only had two top 20 finishes in 2010 one at the Daytona 500 and one at the Infineon Raceway road course event . On June 22 , 2010 , it was announced that Labonte would be leaving the No . 71 due to the team being unable to secure sponsorship . On June 23 , Labonte was hired to drive car No . 7 for Robby Gordon Motorsports at New Hampshire in a one-race deal . C&J Energy Services entered into a partnership with Phoenix Racing which allowed Labonte to be hired to take over the No . 09 car beginning at Daytona and Labonte split the rest of the 2010 season between Phoenix Racing and TRG Motorsports . On October 11 , Stavola-Labonte Racing hired Labonte to drive its No . 10 car at Charlotte and Texas in a two-race deal . The team is co-owned by Bobbys older brother Terry . Despite bouncing around , Labonte competed in every race for the 2010 season . 2011–2012 . Labonte replaced Marcos Ambrose as the full-time driver of the No . 47 JTG Daugherty Racing Toyota Camry , with support from Michael Waltrip Racing . He finished 4th in the Daytona 500 , earning Labonte his 200th career top 10 finish in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series . Earning only one more top 10 finish so far in the season . JTG Daugherty Racing and Michael Waltrip Racing received a penalty for violating section 12-1 , 12-4-J , and 20-3.2.1A . Crew Chief Frankie Kerr was fined $50,000 and was suspended from 4 NASCAR Sprint Cup Championship events , and suspended from NASCAR until November , 23 . The same penalty was for Michael Waltrip Racing and the car chief for each team . The owners of the numbers 47 ( Tad Geschickter ) ; 56 ( Michael Waltrip ) ; and 00 ( Rob Kauffman ) ; were penalized 25 owner points . The drivers were also penalized 25 driver points . For the 2012 season , Labonte returned to the No . 47 car with most of the sponsors returning also . JTG Daugherty Racing also announced they will no longer operate out of the Michael Waltrip Racing shop . Todd Berrier took over the role as the crew chief . The crew chief at the time , Frank Kerr , moved to the position of shop foreman . 2013–2016 . Labonte ran in the 47 for the entire season until the 2013 Quicken Loans 400 at Michigan International Speedway , in which he ran the No . 51 for Phoenix Racing . Labonte ran at Sonoma Raceway in the 47 , but was subsequently replaced by A . J . Allmendinger in the 47 for selected races starting at the 2013 Quaker State 400 at Kentucky Speedway , ending Labontes streak of consecutive starts at 704 . The streak was second only to Jeff Gordons . Later in the year Labonte suffered broken ribs in a cycling accident , forcing him to miss three races , starting with the AdvoCare 500 at Atlanta . His last race with JTG Daughtery was at Phoenix International Raceway in November 2013 ; released afterwards , in December 2013 he announced that he would be running part-time in the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series in a second car for HScott Motorsports . During practice for the 2014 Daytona 500 Labonte blew an engine , and although he qualified for his 22nd consecutive 500 , he was relegated to the back of the starting grid . Labonte finished the race in 15th . A deal to run for James Finch in additional races fell through , thus Labonte did not make another start for the first half of the season . Instead , he tested cars for Richard Childress Racing . At the summer Daytona race , he drove the No . 33 RCR Chevrolet that Brian Scott had driven to the pole at Talladega , running under the Circle Sport banner . Labonte qualified 4th and contended for the lead at the beginning of the race , but was caught up in the Big One , finishing 26th . Tommy Baldwin Racing would field the No . 37 car with Accell Construction as the sponsor for Labonte at Indianapolis . In December 2014 , Labonte announced that he would drive for Go FAS Racing on the restrictor-plate tracks in 2015 , taking over for his brother Terry who retired after the 2014 GEICO 500 . He finished 24th at the 2015 Daytona 500 . In the spring Talladega race , Labonte finished 27th . The 2015 Coke Zero 400 did not go well for Labonte , as he was caught up in an early crash caused by David Gilliland and finished 43rd . For the Fall Talladega race , he finished 23rd , his best finish of the season . In 2016 , Labonte received the sponsorship of Bombardier Recreational Products and Cyclops Gear allowing him to run the four restrictor plate races for Go FAS Racing . For the Daytona 500 , Labonte would finish 31st . For Talladega , Labonte would finish 19th . Coming back to Daytona , Labonte would finish 24th . Coming back to Talladega , Labonte would finish 31st . Following the 2016 season , it was announced that Labonte would not return to Go FAS . Whelen Euro Series . In June 2017 , Labonte competed in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series race weekend at Brands Hatch , driving the No . 1 Ford for Alex Caffi Motorsport . He became the first Cup Series champion to race in the Euro Series . He started 22nd in both of the weekends two races , and finished 10th and 14th . In 2018 , Labonte joined RDV Competition to drive the No . 18 Toyota full-time in the Euro Series . Broadcasting career . In February 2014 , it was announced that Labonte would appear as a racing analyst for the new program NASCAR America on NBCSN . He made his TV debut early in the 2014 season . In 2017 , Labonte made the move to FS1 as an analyst on Race Hub and Race Day programs . Personal life . Labonte currently resides in High Point , North Carolina with his wife Kristin . He has two children from his previous marriage to Donna Slate , Robert Tyler and Madison , and is an avid outdoorsman . Tyler recently graduated from Texas A&M and is now in law school at Campbell University in Buies Creek , North Carolina . Tyler has worked on political campaigns for Thom Tillis and served in 2014 as an intern for Interstate Batteries , which sponsored Bobbys 2000 championship season . Madison began school at Appalachian State University in the spring of 2017 . Labonte also owns Breaking Limits , a marketing , public relations , events and sponsorship agency , working out of High Point , North Carolina . Labonte continues to own a Red Mango yogurt shop on the campus of Duke University . The Bobby Labonte Foundation continues to provide grants to non-profit organizations located in the Triad of North Carolina whose work supports building stronger foundations for children and their families . Labonte also founded Longhorn Chassis with his brother Terry in 2010 . Longhorn Chassis builds dirt late model race cars . Motorsports career results . NASCAR . Whelen Euro Series - Elite 1 . Season still in progress External links . - Bobby Labonte at NASCAR.com
|
[
"Busch Series",
"Sprint Cup Series",
"Xfinity Series"
] |
[
{
"text": " Robert Allen Labonte ( born May 8 , 1964 ) is an American professional stock car racing driver . The 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series champion , he last competed full-time in the 2018 NASCAR Whelen Euro Series , driving the No . 18 Toyota for RDV Competition , and is an analyst on NASCAR RaceDay for FOX Sports .",
"title": "Bobby Labonte"
},
{
"text": "He and his older brother , Terry Labonte , are one of only two pairs of brothers to have both won the Cup championships ( along with Kurt Busch and Kyle Busch ) . He is also the uncle of former Xfinity Series race winner Justin Labonte .",
"title": "Bobby Labonte"
},
{
"text": " Labonte is the first driver to have won both the Winston Cup championship ( 2000 ) and the Busch Series championship ( 1991 ) in both series current , touring form . ( Ned Jarrett previously won both under the old points championship format ) . Bobby also won the IROC title in 2001 . Labonte is also the first driver to complete the NASCAR Triple Threat at the same track , by winning races at Martinsville in each of NASCARs top three racing series .",
"title": "Bobby Labonte"
},
{
"text": "Labonte was born on May 8 , 1964 , in Corpus Christi , Texas . He began racing in 1969 in quarter midgets in his home state of Texas , winning his first feature race one year later . From then until 1977 , he drove in quarter-midgets throughout the United States , winning many races . In 1978 , he advanced to the go-kart ranks , but moved to North Carolina with his family following older brother Terrys advancement to the Winston Cup Series . In 1980 , Bobby made his NASCAR International Sedan Series debut in Atlanta ,",
"title": "Beginnings"
},
{
"text": "finishing third . Bobby made his Busch Series debut in 1982 at Martinsville Speedway , finishing 30th . Following his graduation from Trinity High School , he worked as a fabricator on Terrys cars at Hagan Racing . Labonte returned to the Busch Series in 1985 , running two races in a car he owned himself at Martinsville . In his first race , he finished 30th , bringing home only $220 . In his next race , though , he finished in 17th , his best finish so far .",
"title": "Beginnings"
},
{
"text": " The next season , Bobby prepared his own car , which Terry drove , and Terry won his first Busch pole position and finished second at Road Atlanta .",
"title": "Beginnings"
},
{
"text": "Labontes main success came driving late-model stock cars . In 1987 , Labonte won 12 races at Caraway Speedway , clinching the track championship , in addition to working for Jay Hedgecock . The following season , he competed at Concord Motorsports Park , winning six times , and ran six more Busch races , finishing 16th at Darlington Raceway . The next season , he ran seven more Busch Series races and had his first top-five finish at North Carolina Speedway . He had two more top-10s that year .",
"title": "Beginnings"
},
{
"text": " 1990 . By 1990 , Labonte had finally earned enough money to race in the Busch Series full-time . He founded his own team , and drove the No . 44 Oldsmobile . He was successful , winning two poles ( both at Bristol Motor Speedway ) , scoring six top-5s , and 17 top-10s . He ended up finishing fourth in the standings and was also voted the Busch Series Most Popular Driver . 1991 .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "Next season , he continued his second-division success by winning the NASCAR Busch Series championship with two wins , 10 top-five and 21 top-10 finishes . He also won his first Busch Series race , at Bristol , then won again at OReilly Raceway Park in August .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": " In addition to his Busch Series schedule , he made two Winston Cup starts in a Bobby Labonte Racing car at Dover International Speedway and Michigan International Speedway , finishing 34th and 38th , respectively . He won his first Busch Series title . 1992 .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "His 1992 season was a successful one , and he ended up winning three races ( at Lanier , Hickory , and Martinsville respectively ) , but lost the championship title to Joe Nemechek by three points . That championship finish is , to date , the second-closest finish in the history of NASCARs top three series ( behind the tiebreaker between Tony Stewart and Carl Edwards in the Sprint Cup Series in 2011 ) .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "In 1993 , Labonte was called up by Bill Davis Racing to drive in the Winston Cup Series . He signed a contract to drive the No . 22 Ford Thunderbird . In his rookie season , he won his first pole at Richmond International Raceway , collected six top-10s and finished 19th in points . He was also second place behind Jeff Gordon for Rookie of the Year honors . He also competed in two Busch Series races , winning a pole and finishing second and 24th respectively . Also , Labonte continued to operate his main Busch Series",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "team , hiring David Green to drive for him . Green finished third in points for Bobby Labonte Racing .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "The next season , 1994 , Labonte achieved his second major success as a car owner when his Busch Series driver , David Green , won the championship . It was the second championship , and fifth top-five points finish in five years for Bobby Labonte Racing . He also ran in the Busch Series himself , making 12 starts and earning a victory at Michigan in August . In addition to his Busch Series exploits , Bobby continued running full-time in the Winston Cup series for Bill Davis Racing . He collected one top-5 and two top-10s and finished",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "21st in the standings , just missing out on the top 20 because of Todd Bodines two-position points standings gain in the final race of the season .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": " 1996–present . In 2007 , Labonte won the Busch Series race at Talladega Speedway in April 2007 , edging Tony Stewart to the line in a thrilling finish . This was his first Busch Series win since 1998 . In the offseason following the 2007 season , Labonte agreed to a 15-race contract to drive the No . 21 Chevrolet for Richard Childress Racing in the now-Nationwide Series for the 2008 season . RCRs No . 21 team earned six victories in 2007 with driver Kevin Harvick , and has earned two of the organizations four series championships .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Labonte returned to Joe Gibbs Racing to compete in the Xfinity Series opener at Daytona , driving the No . 18 Camry .",
"title": "Xfinity Series"
},
{
"text": " 1995–2000 . At the end of the 1994 season , Labonte departed to replace Dale Jarrett as the driver of the No.18 Interstate Batteries-sponsored Chevrolet for Joe Gibbs Racing . Labonte would pick up his first career win in the Coca-Cola 600 in 1995 , a win he would call in 2018 the favorite of his career . He would also go on to sweep the races at Michigan and finish 10th in the standings .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 1996 , Labonte won the season-ending race at Atlanta , the same race where his brother Terry won the championship . The two took a victory lap together in what Labonte said was one of the most emotional and memorable moments of [ his ] life . That year , he finished 11th in the points standings .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " In 1997 , Gibbs switched car makes to a Pontiac Grand Prix . Labonte would go on to win the season-ending race at Atlanta for the second year in a row . He ended up seventh in the standings , his best finish at that point in his career . In 1998 , Labonte won at both Atlanta and Talladega , as well as pole positions for both Daytona races , finishing second to Dale Earnhardt in the 500 . He finished the year in sixth in final points , improving by a position .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 1999 , Labonte won five Winston Cup races , the most he has ever won in a single season . He won at Dover in the spring , swept both Pocono races ( he was the third to accomplish this particular sweep , after Bobby Allison in 1982 and Tim Richmond in 1986 ; since 1999 , Jimmie Johnson in 2004 , Denny Hamlin in 2006 , and Dale Earnhardt Jr . in 2014 have also done this ) , the second Michigan race , and the season finale at Atlanta . However , during the season , he",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "suffered a broken shoulder in an accident while qualifying for a Busch Series race at Darlington Raceway , but raced in the Cup event two days later . Labonte started the race , but at the 1st caution was relieved by Matt Kenseth . He finished second in the points to Dale Jarrett , losing the championship by 201 points .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2000 , Labonte won four races , the early-season race at Rockingham , the Brickyard 400 at Indianapolis , the Southern 500 at Darlington , and the fall race at Charlotte . He led the point standings for 25 weeks straight after taking over at California , and never relinquished it on the way to winning the Winston Cup championship , finishing ahead of Earnhardt by 265 points , completing all but nine of the 10,167 laps that season , with 4 wins , 19 top five finishes , 24 top ten finishes , 3 poles , an average",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "finish of 7.4 , and had zero DNFs .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " 2001–2005 . Labonte began the 2001 season with a seventh-place finish in the Bud Shootout . At the Daytona 500 , he and his teammate Tony Stewart were two of the 18 drivers involved in a crash on lap 173 . Labontes hood broke off and got attached to Stewarts car , which flipped over twice . After getting out of his , Labonte was seen checking on Stewart to make sure he was okay . The accident was overshadowed by Dale Earnhardts fatal crash on the last lap of the same race .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "The following week at Rockingham , Labonte was narrowly beaten to the finish line by Steve Park in the rain-delayed Dura Lube 400 . He did not have another Top 10 finish until the Virginia 500 at Martinsville , where he finished in eighth . This was followed by a fifth-place finish in the Talladega 500 . His next Top 10 was another fifth-place finish in the Coca-Cola 600 . After less successful finishes at Dover and Michigan , Labonte had a second eighth-place finish at Pocono and a seventh-place finish at Sonoma , and a third fifth-place finish in",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "the Pepsi 400 . At the end of July , Labonte won his first points-race of the year in the Pennsylvania 500 at Pocono .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " After the win , Labontes next Top 10 was a ninth-place finish at Watkins Glen , then eighth and third-place finishes at Bristol and Darlington , and a sixth-place finish at Richmond . He did not have back-to-back Top 10s again until the autumn races at Charlotte and Martinsville , where he finishing 10th and fourth respectively .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In the fall at Talladega , Labonte started 34th . He managed to work his way up the field and took the lead on lap 107 . He led for 23 laps before falling back in the pack . He retook the lead on lap 184 but was involved in a frightening last lap crash . After leading three laps , Labonte was leading at the white flag on the outside lane . Going into turn 1 , Dale Earnhardt , Jr . overtook him in the lower groove , bringing Tony Stewart and Jeff Burton with him . Labonte",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "moved up the track , trying to block Bobby Hamilton , but coming onto the back straightaway , Hamilton tapped him from behind . Labonte made contact with Johnny Benson , Jr . — sending that driver into the outside wall — and then spun , flipping over , and skidding partway down the track on his roof . This crash also collected Jason Leffler , Sterling Marlin , Robby Gordon , Mike Wallace , Ricky Craven , Terry Labonte , Buckshot Jones , Ricky Rudd , Ward Burton , and more .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " Labontes next Top 10 was another ninth-place finish at Rockingham . After winning at Atlanta and a third-place finish at the postponed New Hampshire 300 , he finished sixth in the final points standings . During 2001 , Labonte won the IROC XXV title , becoming the 13th consecutive NASCAR driver to win the IROC championship .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2002 , Labonte only had one win , which was at Martinsville in the spring . He also drove a 9/11 Tribute car in 2002 with the phrase Lets Roll on the hood . It was his first career short-track win at Martinsville . He went on to finish 16th in the final points standings , and failed to finish in the Top 10 for the first time since 1996 , while his teammate Stewart went on to win the championship .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " In 2003 , Labonte rebounded and finished eighth in the standings after winning two races ( Atlanta and Homestead [ leading only the final lap ] ) . Also , Labonte went on a tear during the spring with three straight second-place finishes . In 2004 , Labonte did not win a race for the first time since 1994 ( ten years later ) , and finished 12th in the standings .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "2005 saw much of the same . Labonte fell out of the Top 20 in points , and only had four Top 5s , one of which was a dramatic second at Lowes Motor Speedway in the Coca-Cola 600 . He also went on to race some Truck Series events , which included a win at Martinsville . His win there made him join an elite group of drivers that have won in all three divisions at one track . In fact , with his win , he became the first driver to do so .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " He also ran the 24 Hours of Daytona road race , sharing a car with his brother Terry , Jan Magnussen and Bryan Herta . After the disappointing 2005 season , Labonte asked and was granted to be released from Joe Gibbs Racing , having spent the last eleven seasons there . Labonte joined Petty Enterprises to drive the famous No . 43 . 2006–2008 .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In his inaugural season in the famous No . 43 car , Labonte collected three Top 5s and eight Top 10s . His Top 5s included an impressive run at the Martinsville Speedway , where he finished third after being in contention for the win much of the day . He ended up finishing 21st in the points standings , three spots better than he did two years before .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " Labonte began the 2007 season with a 21st-place finish in the Daytona 500 , after avoiding the many accidents the race had . Labonte would end the year with no Top 5s and only three Top 10s . However , due to a more consistent season , he finished 18th in the standings , a three-position improvement over 2006 . In November , Labonte formed a full-service marketing agency , Breaking Limits , which is based in Huntersville , North Carolina .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , Labonte continued his contract with Petty Enterprises , but experienced a largely unsuccessful season , gathering only three Top 10s and no Top 5s on his way to finishing 21st in the Sprint Cup point standings . In December of that year , Labonte was released from Petty Enterprises while the team was negotiating a deal with a private equity firm that fell through , and Petty partnered with Gillett Evernham Motorsports .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "On January 13 , 2009 , Labonte was confirmed to be the driver of the No . 96 Ford Fusion for Hall of Fame Racing , now in a partnership with Yates Racing . In the 2009 Spring Las Vegas race , the Shelby 427 , Labonte recorded his first Top 5 with Hall of Fame racing , and his best finish since he finished third in the Fall Martinsville race in 2006 . However , that was his only Top 5 run for the year . With eleven races remaining in the 2009 season , Labonte was replaced for",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Erik Darnell for 7 of the final eleven races due to sponsorship problems with the No . 96 . Labonte found a ride with TRG Motorsports and its 71 for the 7 races he was out of the 96 . In his first race at Atlanta , Labonte ran inside the Top 20 all night and scored an 18th-place finish . Two races later Labonte gave TRG its best qualifying effort with an eighth-place start , Labonte came home 22nd . At Talladega , Labonte finished 10th after , at one point , running second in that race to Dale",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Earnhardt , Jr .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "From February 2010 – June 2010 , Labonte drove for TRG Motorsports and its No . 71 . Even though TRGs 2009 owner points were not enough to make the field guaranteed for the first five races of 2010 , Labontes past championship provisional gave the team that to fall back on , in the case that Labontes qualifying runs are not fast . For 2010 , Labonte was also reunited with Doug Randolph as his crew chief . Randolph finished the 2007 season with Labonte in the No . 43 for Petty Enterprises , posting two of three of",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Labontes Top 10 runs . TRG also announced an alliance with Richard Childress Racing for 2010 . RCR shared technology and equipment with TRG for the season . They also formed an alliance with Stewart Haas Racing , as Tony Stewart will provide a pit crew to the team .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In his first race in the TRG , Labonte finished 21st in the Daytona 500 after he started 42nd with a champions provisional . For much of the race , Labonte was in the Top 25 . He would end up fading back over the next few races , as he and the team would struggle for consistency . On the May 16th Dover race , due to lack of sponsorship , Labonte and the 71 team parked the car after 66 laps . Arguably , some people might say that this season is the worst of his full-time career",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": ", as he only had two top 20 finishes in 2010 one at the Daytona 500 and one at the Infineon Raceway road course event .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " On June 22 , 2010 , it was announced that Labonte would be leaving the No . 71 due to the team being unable to secure sponsorship . On June 23 , Labonte was hired to drive car No . 7 for Robby Gordon Motorsports at New Hampshire in a one-race deal .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "C&J Energy Services entered into a partnership with Phoenix Racing which allowed Labonte to be hired to take over the No . 09 car beginning at Daytona and Labonte split the rest of the 2010 season between Phoenix Racing and TRG Motorsports . On October 11 , Stavola-Labonte Racing hired Labonte to drive its No . 10 car at Charlotte and Texas in a two-race deal . The team is co-owned by Bobbys older brother Terry . Despite bouncing around , Labonte competed in every race for the 2010 season .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Labonte replaced Marcos Ambrose as the full-time driver of the No . 47 JTG Daugherty Racing Toyota Camry , with support from Michael Waltrip Racing . He finished 4th in the Daytona 500 , earning Labonte his 200th career top 10 finish in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series . Earning only one more top 10 finish so far in the season . JTG Daugherty Racing and Michael Waltrip Racing received a penalty for violating section 12-1 , 12-4-J , and 20-3.2.1A . Crew Chief Frankie Kerr was fined $50,000 and was suspended from 4 NASCAR Sprint Cup Championship events ,",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "and suspended from NASCAR until November , 23 . The same penalty was for Michael Waltrip Racing and the car chief for each team . The owners of the numbers 47 ( Tad Geschickter ) ; 56 ( Michael Waltrip ) ; and 00 ( Rob Kauffman ) ; were penalized 25 owner points . The drivers were also penalized 25 driver points .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " For the 2012 season , Labonte returned to the No . 47 car with most of the sponsors returning also . JTG Daugherty Racing also announced they will no longer operate out of the Michael Waltrip Racing shop . Todd Berrier took over the role as the crew chief . The crew chief at the time , Frank Kerr , moved to the position of shop foreman . 2013–2016 .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "Labonte ran in the 47 for the entire season until the 2013 Quicken Loans 400 at Michigan International Speedway , in which he ran the No . 51 for Phoenix Racing . Labonte ran at Sonoma Raceway in the 47 , but was subsequently replaced by A . J . Allmendinger in the 47 for selected races starting at the 2013 Quaker State 400 at Kentucky Speedway , ending Labontes streak of consecutive starts at 704 . The streak was second only to Jeff Gordons . Later in the year Labonte suffered broken ribs in a cycling accident , forcing",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "him to miss three races , starting with the AdvoCare 500 at Atlanta .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " His last race with JTG Daughtery was at Phoenix International Raceway in November 2013 ; released afterwards , in December 2013 he announced that he would be running part-time in the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series in a second car for HScott Motorsports . During practice for the 2014 Daytona 500 Labonte blew an engine , and although he qualified for his 22nd consecutive 500 , he was relegated to the back of the starting grid . Labonte finished the race in 15th .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "A deal to run for James Finch in additional races fell through , thus Labonte did not make another start for the first half of the season . Instead , he tested cars for Richard Childress Racing . At the summer Daytona race , he drove the No . 33 RCR Chevrolet that Brian Scott had driven to the pole at Talladega , running under the Circle Sport banner . Labonte qualified 4th and contended for the lead at the beginning of the race , but was caught up in the Big One , finishing 26th . Tommy Baldwin Racing",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "would field the No . 37 car with Accell Construction as the sponsor for Labonte at Indianapolis .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In December 2014 , Labonte announced that he would drive for Go FAS Racing on the restrictor-plate tracks in 2015 , taking over for his brother Terry who retired after the 2014 GEICO 500 . He finished 24th at the 2015 Daytona 500 . In the spring Talladega race , Labonte finished 27th . The 2015 Coke Zero 400 did not go well for Labonte , as he was caught up in an early crash caused by David Gilliland and finished 43rd . For the Fall Talladega race , he finished 23rd , his best finish of the season .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": "In 2016 , Labonte received the sponsorship of Bombardier Recreational Products and Cyclops Gear allowing him to run the four restrictor plate races for Go FAS Racing . For the Daytona 500 , Labonte would finish 31st . For Talladega , Labonte would finish 19th . Coming back to Daytona , Labonte would finish 24th . Coming back to Talladega , Labonte would finish 31st . Following the 2016 season , it was announced that Labonte would not return to Go FAS .",
"title": "Sprint Cup Series"
},
{
"text": " In June 2017 , Labonte competed in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series race weekend at Brands Hatch , driving the No . 1 Ford for Alex Caffi Motorsport . He became the first Cup Series champion to race in the Euro Series . He started 22nd in both of the weekends two races , and finished 10th and 14th . In 2018 , Labonte joined RDV Competition to drive the No . 18 Toyota full-time in the Euro Series .",
"title": "Whelen Euro Series"
},
{
"text": " In February 2014 , it was announced that Labonte would appear as a racing analyst for the new program NASCAR America on NBCSN . He made his TV debut early in the 2014 season . In 2017 , Labonte made the move to FS1 as an analyst on Race Hub and Race Day programs .",
"title": "Broadcasting career"
},
{
"text": " Labonte currently resides in High Point , North Carolina with his wife Kristin . He has two children from his previous marriage to Donna Slate , Robert Tyler and Madison , and is an avid outdoorsman . Tyler recently graduated from Texas A&M and is now in law school at Campbell University in Buies Creek , North Carolina . Tyler has worked on political campaigns for Thom Tillis and served in 2014 as an intern for Interstate Batteries , which sponsored Bobbys 2000 championship season . Madison began school at Appalachian State University in the spring of 2017 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Labonte also owns Breaking Limits , a marketing , public relations , events and sponsorship agency , working out of High Point , North Carolina . Labonte continues to own a Red Mango yogurt shop on the campus of Duke University . The Bobby Labonte Foundation continues to provide grants to non-profit organizations located in the Triad of North Carolina whose work supports building stronger foundations for children and their families . Labonte also founded Longhorn Chassis with his brother Terry in 2010 . Longhorn Chassis builds dirt late model race cars .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Bobby Labonte at NASCAR.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Paula_Hertwig#P463#0
|
Paula Hertwig became a member of what organization or association in Mar 1955?
|
Paula Hertwig Paula Hertwig ( 11 October 1889 – 31 March 1983 ) was a German biologist and politician . Her research focused on radiation health effects . Hertwig was the first woman to habilitate at the then Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin ( now Humboldt University of Berlin ) in the field of zoology . She was also the first biologist at a German university . Hertwig is one of the founders of radiation genetics alongside Emmy Stein . Hertwig-Weyers syndrome , which describes oligodactyly in humans as a result of radiation exposure , is named after her and her colleague , Helmut Weyers . Biography . Paula Julie Elisabeth Hertwig was born in Berlin on 11 October 1889 . She was the daughter of Oscar Hertwig , a university professor ; sister of the anatomist , Günther Hertwig ; and niece of the zoologist , Richard Hertwig . She graduated from high school in 1908 , at the Realgymnasium . She studied zoology , botany , and chemistry at the University of Berlin , medical PhD . After that she was an assistant at the Anatomical-Biological Institute of the University of Berlin . From 1916 to 1921 , Hertwig was an unpaid zoology assistant in her fathers Anatomical Institute . She habilitated in 1919 , as the first woman at the then Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin ( now Humboldt University of Berlin ) in the field of zoology . Afterwards , she was a Privatdozentin for General Biology and Heredity at this institute . In 1921 , she was also appointed as an assistant to the Institute for heredity and breeding research of the Agricultural College , where she worked for Erwin Baur . From 1927 to 1945 , she was associate professor of genetics at the Biological-Anatomical Institute of the Medical Faculty of the University of Berlin . As the first biologist at a German university , she taught biology there for medical students . In 1940 , she was appointed Head of the Zoological Department of the Institute of Inheritance . Hertwig , who belonged to the German Democratic Party , was elected in 1932 as Member of Parliament in the Prussian Landtag and in February 1933 again as a deputy in the last Prussian Landtag . In the period of Nazi Germany in 1937 , she was a member of the National Socialist German Lecturers League , but did not join the Nazi Party . From 1937 , she worked with the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research and became a secretary of the Deutschen Gesellschaft für Vererbungswissenschaft ( German Society of Inheritance ) . From 1939 , she also worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Heredity and Breeding Research of the University of Berlin in Zehlendorf . In the years 1941 to 1942 , she participated in the DFG research project Erbschädigungsprobuche on mice . In May 1945 , she received a call to the Faculty of Medicine of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , where in 1948 , she became professor of General Biology and Heredity . At the founding congress of the Democratic Womens League of Germany ( DFD ) in March 1947 , she was elected a member of the Federal Executive Committee . From 1947 to 1948 , she was chair of the state association Saxony-Anhalt of the DFD ; and from March 1948 to March 1949 , a member of the 1st Peoples Council in the Soviet occupation zone ( SBZ ) . In 1953 , she was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . Since 1955 , she was a member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities . In 1956 , she was awarded the National Prize of the German Democratic Republic and the Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze , and in 1959 , the title of Outstanding Scientist of the People . The following year she retired . In 1972 , Hertwig moved to Villingen-Schwenningen in the Black Forest . In June of the same year , the Faculty of Medicine of Heidelberg University awarded her an honorary doctorate . Hertwig is one of the founders of radiation genetics alongside Emmy Stein . Hertwig-Weyers syndrome , which describes oligodactyly in humans as a result of radiation exposure , is named after her and her colleague , Helmut Weyers . Hertwig died in Villingen-Schwenningen on 31 March 1983 . Selected works . - Durch Radiumbestrahlung verursachte Entwicklung von halbkernigen Triton- und Fischembryonen , 1916 - Ein neuer Fall von multiplen Allelomorphismus bei Antirrhinum , 1926 - Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft . III , A . u . C , Partielle Keimesschädigungen durch RAdium und Röntgenstrahlen , 1927 - Die genetischen Grundlagen der Röntgenmutation , 1932 - Energiehaushalt : besondere Einflüsse auf Ernährung und Stoffwechsel , 1932 - Die künstliche Erzeugung von Mutationen und ihre theoretischen und praktischen Auswirkungen , 1932 - Handbuch der Ernahrung und des Stoffwechsels der Landwirtschaftlichen Nutztiere als Grundlagen der Futterungslehre . 4 , Energiehaushalt . besondere Einflusse auf Ernahrung und Stoffwechsel , 1932 - Geschlechtsgebundene und autosomale Koppelungen bei Hühnern , 1933 - Deutsche Gesellschaft Vererbungswissenschaft : Bericht über die .. . Jahresversammlung Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft herausgegeben von Paula Hertwig. , 1934 - Erbanlage und Umwelt , 1934 - Der Alkohol in seiner Wirkung auf die Fortpflanzungszellen , 1935 - Artbastarde bei Tieren , 1936 - Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft , 1936 - Strahlenschäden und Strahlenschutz im zellulären Bereich , 1957 - Anpassung , Vererbung und Evolution. , 1959 - Differences in the development capabilities of F₁ mice after x-raying of spermatogoniia and mature and immature spermatozoa , 1959 References . Bibliography . - Gerstengarbe , Sybille : Paula Hertwig : Geneticist in the 20th century ; a search for clues ( series Acta Historica Leopoldina ) , Stuttgart : Scientific Publishing Society 2012 , . - Herbst , Andreas ( ed. ) , Winfried Ranke , Jürgen Winkler : Thats how the GDR worked . Volume 1 : Encyclopedia of Organizations and Institutions , Departmental Union Leadership , League for International Friendships ( = rororo Manual , Vol . 6348 ) . Rowohlt , Reinbek at Hamburg 1994 , , p 190 .
|
[
"Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities"
] |
[
{
"text": "Paula Hertwig ( 11 October 1889 – 31 March 1983 ) was a German biologist and politician . Her research focused on radiation health effects . Hertwig was the first woman to habilitate at the then Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin ( now Humboldt University of Berlin ) in the field of zoology . She was also the first biologist at a German university . Hertwig is one of the founders of radiation genetics alongside Emmy Stein . Hertwig-Weyers syndrome , which describes oligodactyly in humans as a result of radiation exposure , is named after her and her colleague , Helmut Weyers",
"title": "Paula Hertwig"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Paula Hertwig"
},
{
"text": " Paula Julie Elisabeth Hertwig was born in Berlin on 11 October 1889 . She was the daughter of Oscar Hertwig , a university professor ; sister of the anatomist , Günther Hertwig ; and niece of the zoologist , Richard Hertwig . She graduated from high school in 1908 , at the Realgymnasium . She studied zoology , botany , and chemistry at the University of Berlin , medical PhD . After that she was an assistant at the Anatomical-Biological Institute of the University of Berlin .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "From 1916 to 1921 , Hertwig was an unpaid zoology assistant in her fathers Anatomical Institute . She habilitated in 1919 , as the first woman at the then Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin ( now Humboldt University of Berlin ) in the field of zoology . Afterwards , she was a Privatdozentin for General Biology and Heredity at this institute . In 1921 , she was also appointed as an assistant to the Institute for heredity and breeding research of the Agricultural College , where she worked for Erwin Baur . From 1927 to 1945 , she was associate professor of genetics",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "at the Biological-Anatomical Institute of the Medical Faculty of the University of Berlin . As the first biologist at a German university , she taught biology there for medical students . In 1940 , she was appointed Head of the Zoological Department of the Institute of Inheritance .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Hertwig , who belonged to the German Democratic Party , was elected in 1932 as Member of Parliament in the Prussian Landtag and in February 1933 again as a deputy in the last Prussian Landtag .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In the period of Nazi Germany in 1937 , she was a member of the National Socialist German Lecturers League , but did not join the Nazi Party . From 1937 , she worked with the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research and became a secretary of the Deutschen Gesellschaft für Vererbungswissenschaft ( German Society of Inheritance ) . From 1939 , she also worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Heredity and Breeding Research of the University of Berlin in Zehlendorf . In the years 1941 to 1942 , she participated in the DFG research project Erbschädigungsprobuche",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "on mice .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In May 1945 , she received a call to the Faculty of Medicine of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , where in 1948 , she became professor of General Biology and Heredity . At the founding congress of the Democratic Womens League of Germany ( DFD ) in March 1947 , she was elected a member of the Federal Executive Committee . From 1947 to 1948 , she was chair of the state association Saxony-Anhalt of the DFD ; and from March 1948 to March 1949 , a member of the 1st Peoples Council in the Soviet occupation zone",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "( SBZ ) .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In 1953 , she was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . Since 1955 , she was a member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities . In 1956 , she was awarded the National Prize of the German Democratic Republic and the Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze , and in 1959 , the title of Outstanding Scientist of the People . The following year she retired .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 1972 , Hertwig moved to Villingen-Schwenningen in the Black Forest . In June of the same year , the Faculty of Medicine of Heidelberg University awarded her an honorary doctorate .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Hertwig is one of the founders of radiation genetics alongside Emmy Stein . Hertwig-Weyers syndrome , which describes oligodactyly in humans as a result of radiation exposure , is named after her and her colleague , Helmut Weyers . Hertwig died in Villingen-Schwenningen on 31 March 1983 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " - Durch Radiumbestrahlung verursachte Entwicklung von halbkernigen Triton- und Fischembryonen , 1916 - Ein neuer Fall von multiplen Allelomorphismus bei Antirrhinum , 1926 - Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft . III , A . u . C , Partielle Keimesschädigungen durch RAdium und Röntgenstrahlen , 1927 - Die genetischen Grundlagen der Röntgenmutation , 1932 - Energiehaushalt : besondere Einflüsse auf Ernährung und Stoffwechsel , 1932 - Die künstliche Erzeugung von Mutationen und ihre theoretischen und praktischen Auswirkungen , 1932",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- Handbuch der Ernahrung und des Stoffwechsels der Landwirtschaftlichen Nutztiere als Grundlagen der Futterungslehre . 4 , Energiehaushalt . besondere Einflusse auf Ernahrung und Stoffwechsel , 1932",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - Geschlechtsgebundene und autosomale Koppelungen bei Hühnern , 1933 - Deutsche Gesellschaft Vererbungswissenschaft : Bericht über die .. . Jahresversammlung Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft herausgegeben von Paula Hertwig. , 1934 - Erbanlage und Umwelt , 1934 - Der Alkohol in seiner Wirkung auf die Fortpflanzungszellen , 1935 - Artbastarde bei Tieren , 1936 - Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft , 1936 - Strahlenschäden und Strahlenschutz im zellulären Bereich , 1957 - Anpassung , Vererbung und Evolution. , 1959 - Differences in the development capabilities of F₁ mice after x-raying of spermatogoniia and mature and immature spermatozoa , 1959",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - Gerstengarbe , Sybille : Paula Hertwig : Geneticist in the 20th century ; a search for clues ( series Acta Historica Leopoldina ) , Stuttgart : Scientific Publishing Society 2012 , . - Herbst , Andreas ( ed. ) , Winfried Ranke , Jürgen Winkler : Thats how the GDR worked . Volume 1 : Encyclopedia of Organizations and Institutions , Departmental Union Leadership , League for International Friendships ( = rororo Manual , Vol . 6348 ) . Rowohlt , Reinbek at Hamburg 1994 , , p 190 .",
"title": "Bibliography"
}
] |
/wiki/Paula_Hertwig#P463#1
|
Paula Hertwig became a member of what organization or association in Apr 1972?
|
Paula Hertwig Paula Hertwig ( 11 October 1889 – 31 March 1983 ) was a German biologist and politician . Her research focused on radiation health effects . Hertwig was the first woman to habilitate at the then Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin ( now Humboldt University of Berlin ) in the field of zoology . She was also the first biologist at a German university . Hertwig is one of the founders of radiation genetics alongside Emmy Stein . Hertwig-Weyers syndrome , which describes oligodactyly in humans as a result of radiation exposure , is named after her and her colleague , Helmut Weyers . Biography . Paula Julie Elisabeth Hertwig was born in Berlin on 11 October 1889 . She was the daughter of Oscar Hertwig , a university professor ; sister of the anatomist , Günther Hertwig ; and niece of the zoologist , Richard Hertwig . She graduated from high school in 1908 , at the Realgymnasium . She studied zoology , botany , and chemistry at the University of Berlin , medical PhD . After that she was an assistant at the Anatomical-Biological Institute of the University of Berlin . From 1916 to 1921 , Hertwig was an unpaid zoology assistant in her fathers Anatomical Institute . She habilitated in 1919 , as the first woman at the then Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin ( now Humboldt University of Berlin ) in the field of zoology . Afterwards , she was a Privatdozentin for General Biology and Heredity at this institute . In 1921 , she was also appointed as an assistant to the Institute for heredity and breeding research of the Agricultural College , where she worked for Erwin Baur . From 1927 to 1945 , she was associate professor of genetics at the Biological-Anatomical Institute of the Medical Faculty of the University of Berlin . As the first biologist at a German university , she taught biology there for medical students . In 1940 , she was appointed Head of the Zoological Department of the Institute of Inheritance . Hertwig , who belonged to the German Democratic Party , was elected in 1932 as Member of Parliament in the Prussian Landtag and in February 1933 again as a deputy in the last Prussian Landtag . In the period of Nazi Germany in 1937 , she was a member of the National Socialist German Lecturers League , but did not join the Nazi Party . From 1937 , she worked with the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research and became a secretary of the Deutschen Gesellschaft für Vererbungswissenschaft ( German Society of Inheritance ) . From 1939 , she also worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Heredity and Breeding Research of the University of Berlin in Zehlendorf . In the years 1941 to 1942 , she participated in the DFG research project Erbschädigungsprobuche on mice . In May 1945 , she received a call to the Faculty of Medicine of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , where in 1948 , she became professor of General Biology and Heredity . At the founding congress of the Democratic Womens League of Germany ( DFD ) in March 1947 , she was elected a member of the Federal Executive Committee . From 1947 to 1948 , she was chair of the state association Saxony-Anhalt of the DFD ; and from March 1948 to March 1949 , a member of the 1st Peoples Council in the Soviet occupation zone ( SBZ ) . In 1953 , she was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . Since 1955 , she was a member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities . In 1956 , she was awarded the National Prize of the German Democratic Republic and the Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze , and in 1959 , the title of Outstanding Scientist of the People . The following year she retired . In 1972 , Hertwig moved to Villingen-Schwenningen in the Black Forest . In June of the same year , the Faculty of Medicine of Heidelberg University awarded her an honorary doctorate . Hertwig is one of the founders of radiation genetics alongside Emmy Stein . Hertwig-Weyers syndrome , which describes oligodactyly in humans as a result of radiation exposure , is named after her and her colleague , Helmut Weyers . Hertwig died in Villingen-Schwenningen on 31 March 1983 . Selected works . - Durch Radiumbestrahlung verursachte Entwicklung von halbkernigen Triton- und Fischembryonen , 1916 - Ein neuer Fall von multiplen Allelomorphismus bei Antirrhinum , 1926 - Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft . III , A . u . C , Partielle Keimesschädigungen durch RAdium und Röntgenstrahlen , 1927 - Die genetischen Grundlagen der Röntgenmutation , 1932 - Energiehaushalt : besondere Einflüsse auf Ernährung und Stoffwechsel , 1932 - Die künstliche Erzeugung von Mutationen und ihre theoretischen und praktischen Auswirkungen , 1932 - Handbuch der Ernahrung und des Stoffwechsels der Landwirtschaftlichen Nutztiere als Grundlagen der Futterungslehre . 4 , Energiehaushalt . besondere Einflusse auf Ernahrung und Stoffwechsel , 1932 - Geschlechtsgebundene und autosomale Koppelungen bei Hühnern , 1933 - Deutsche Gesellschaft Vererbungswissenschaft : Bericht über die .. . Jahresversammlung Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft herausgegeben von Paula Hertwig. , 1934 - Erbanlage und Umwelt , 1934 - Der Alkohol in seiner Wirkung auf die Fortpflanzungszellen , 1935 - Artbastarde bei Tieren , 1936 - Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft , 1936 - Strahlenschäden und Strahlenschutz im zellulären Bereich , 1957 - Anpassung , Vererbung und Evolution. , 1959 - Differences in the development capabilities of F₁ mice after x-raying of spermatogoniia and mature and immature spermatozoa , 1959 References . Bibliography . - Gerstengarbe , Sybille : Paula Hertwig : Geneticist in the 20th century ; a search for clues ( series Acta Historica Leopoldina ) , Stuttgart : Scientific Publishing Society 2012 , . - Herbst , Andreas ( ed. ) , Winfried Ranke , Jürgen Winkler : Thats how the GDR worked . Volume 1 : Encyclopedia of Organizations and Institutions , Departmental Union Leadership , League for International Friendships ( = rororo Manual , Vol . 6348 ) . Rowohlt , Reinbek at Hamburg 1994 , , p 190 .
|
[
"Faculty of Medicine of Heidelberg University"
] |
[
{
"text": "Paula Hertwig ( 11 October 1889 – 31 March 1983 ) was a German biologist and politician . Her research focused on radiation health effects . Hertwig was the first woman to habilitate at the then Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin ( now Humboldt University of Berlin ) in the field of zoology . She was also the first biologist at a German university . Hertwig is one of the founders of radiation genetics alongside Emmy Stein . Hertwig-Weyers syndrome , which describes oligodactyly in humans as a result of radiation exposure , is named after her and her colleague , Helmut Weyers",
"title": "Paula Hertwig"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Paula Hertwig"
},
{
"text": " Paula Julie Elisabeth Hertwig was born in Berlin on 11 October 1889 . She was the daughter of Oscar Hertwig , a university professor ; sister of the anatomist , Günther Hertwig ; and niece of the zoologist , Richard Hertwig . She graduated from high school in 1908 , at the Realgymnasium . She studied zoology , botany , and chemistry at the University of Berlin , medical PhD . After that she was an assistant at the Anatomical-Biological Institute of the University of Berlin .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "From 1916 to 1921 , Hertwig was an unpaid zoology assistant in her fathers Anatomical Institute . She habilitated in 1919 , as the first woman at the then Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin ( now Humboldt University of Berlin ) in the field of zoology . Afterwards , she was a Privatdozentin for General Biology and Heredity at this institute . In 1921 , she was also appointed as an assistant to the Institute for heredity and breeding research of the Agricultural College , where she worked for Erwin Baur . From 1927 to 1945 , she was associate professor of genetics",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "at the Biological-Anatomical Institute of the Medical Faculty of the University of Berlin . As the first biologist at a German university , she taught biology there for medical students . In 1940 , she was appointed Head of the Zoological Department of the Institute of Inheritance .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Hertwig , who belonged to the German Democratic Party , was elected in 1932 as Member of Parliament in the Prussian Landtag and in February 1933 again as a deputy in the last Prussian Landtag .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In the period of Nazi Germany in 1937 , she was a member of the National Socialist German Lecturers League , but did not join the Nazi Party . From 1937 , she worked with the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research and became a secretary of the Deutschen Gesellschaft für Vererbungswissenschaft ( German Society of Inheritance ) . From 1939 , she also worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Heredity and Breeding Research of the University of Berlin in Zehlendorf . In the years 1941 to 1942 , she participated in the DFG research project Erbschädigungsprobuche",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "on mice .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In May 1945 , she received a call to the Faculty of Medicine of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , where in 1948 , she became professor of General Biology and Heredity . At the founding congress of the Democratic Womens League of Germany ( DFD ) in March 1947 , she was elected a member of the Federal Executive Committee . From 1947 to 1948 , she was chair of the state association Saxony-Anhalt of the DFD ; and from March 1948 to March 1949 , a member of the 1st Peoples Council in the Soviet occupation zone",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "( SBZ ) .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In 1953 , she was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . Since 1955 , she was a member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities . In 1956 , she was awarded the National Prize of the German Democratic Republic and the Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze , and in 1959 , the title of Outstanding Scientist of the People . The following year she retired .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 1972 , Hertwig moved to Villingen-Schwenningen in the Black Forest . In June of the same year , the Faculty of Medicine of Heidelberg University awarded her an honorary doctorate .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Hertwig is one of the founders of radiation genetics alongside Emmy Stein . Hertwig-Weyers syndrome , which describes oligodactyly in humans as a result of radiation exposure , is named after her and her colleague , Helmut Weyers . Hertwig died in Villingen-Schwenningen on 31 March 1983 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " - Durch Radiumbestrahlung verursachte Entwicklung von halbkernigen Triton- und Fischembryonen , 1916 - Ein neuer Fall von multiplen Allelomorphismus bei Antirrhinum , 1926 - Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft . III , A . u . C , Partielle Keimesschädigungen durch RAdium und Röntgenstrahlen , 1927 - Die genetischen Grundlagen der Röntgenmutation , 1932 - Energiehaushalt : besondere Einflüsse auf Ernährung und Stoffwechsel , 1932 - Die künstliche Erzeugung von Mutationen und ihre theoretischen und praktischen Auswirkungen , 1932",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- Handbuch der Ernahrung und des Stoffwechsels der Landwirtschaftlichen Nutztiere als Grundlagen der Futterungslehre . 4 , Energiehaushalt . besondere Einflusse auf Ernahrung und Stoffwechsel , 1932",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - Geschlechtsgebundene und autosomale Koppelungen bei Hühnern , 1933 - Deutsche Gesellschaft Vererbungswissenschaft : Bericht über die .. . Jahresversammlung Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft herausgegeben von Paula Hertwig. , 1934 - Erbanlage und Umwelt , 1934 - Der Alkohol in seiner Wirkung auf die Fortpflanzungszellen , 1935 - Artbastarde bei Tieren , 1936 - Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft , 1936 - Strahlenschäden und Strahlenschutz im zellulären Bereich , 1957 - Anpassung , Vererbung und Evolution. , 1959 - Differences in the development capabilities of F₁ mice after x-raying of spermatogoniia and mature and immature spermatozoa , 1959",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - Gerstengarbe , Sybille : Paula Hertwig : Geneticist in the 20th century ; a search for clues ( series Acta Historica Leopoldina ) , Stuttgart : Scientific Publishing Society 2012 , . - Herbst , Andreas ( ed. ) , Winfried Ranke , Jürgen Winkler : Thats how the GDR worked . Volume 1 : Encyclopedia of Organizations and Institutions , Departmental Union Leadership , League for International Friendships ( = rororo Manual , Vol . 6348 ) . Rowohlt , Reinbek at Hamburg 1994 , , p 190 .",
"title": "Bibliography"
}
] |
/wiki/Paula_Hertwig#P463#2
|
Paula Hertwig became a member of what organization or association in 1933?
|
Paula Hertwig Paula Hertwig ( 11 October 1889 – 31 March 1983 ) was a German biologist and politician . Her research focused on radiation health effects . Hertwig was the first woman to habilitate at the then Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin ( now Humboldt University of Berlin ) in the field of zoology . She was also the first biologist at a German university . Hertwig is one of the founders of radiation genetics alongside Emmy Stein . Hertwig-Weyers syndrome , which describes oligodactyly in humans as a result of radiation exposure , is named after her and her colleague , Helmut Weyers . Biography . Paula Julie Elisabeth Hertwig was born in Berlin on 11 October 1889 . She was the daughter of Oscar Hertwig , a university professor ; sister of the anatomist , Günther Hertwig ; and niece of the zoologist , Richard Hertwig . She graduated from high school in 1908 , at the Realgymnasium . She studied zoology , botany , and chemistry at the University of Berlin , medical PhD . After that she was an assistant at the Anatomical-Biological Institute of the University of Berlin . From 1916 to 1921 , Hertwig was an unpaid zoology assistant in her fathers Anatomical Institute . She habilitated in 1919 , as the first woman at the then Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin ( now Humboldt University of Berlin ) in the field of zoology . Afterwards , she was a Privatdozentin for General Biology and Heredity at this institute . In 1921 , she was also appointed as an assistant to the Institute for heredity and breeding research of the Agricultural College , where she worked for Erwin Baur . From 1927 to 1945 , she was associate professor of genetics at the Biological-Anatomical Institute of the Medical Faculty of the University of Berlin . As the first biologist at a German university , she taught biology there for medical students . In 1940 , she was appointed Head of the Zoological Department of the Institute of Inheritance . Hertwig , who belonged to the German Democratic Party , was elected in 1932 as Member of Parliament in the Prussian Landtag and in February 1933 again as a deputy in the last Prussian Landtag . In the period of Nazi Germany in 1937 , she was a member of the National Socialist German Lecturers League , but did not join the Nazi Party . From 1937 , she worked with the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research and became a secretary of the Deutschen Gesellschaft für Vererbungswissenschaft ( German Society of Inheritance ) . From 1939 , she also worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Heredity and Breeding Research of the University of Berlin in Zehlendorf . In the years 1941 to 1942 , she participated in the DFG research project Erbschädigungsprobuche on mice . In May 1945 , she received a call to the Faculty of Medicine of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , where in 1948 , she became professor of General Biology and Heredity . At the founding congress of the Democratic Womens League of Germany ( DFD ) in March 1947 , she was elected a member of the Federal Executive Committee . From 1947 to 1948 , she was chair of the state association Saxony-Anhalt of the DFD ; and from March 1948 to March 1949 , a member of the 1st Peoples Council in the Soviet occupation zone ( SBZ ) . In 1953 , she was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . Since 1955 , she was a member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities . In 1956 , she was awarded the National Prize of the German Democratic Republic and the Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze , and in 1959 , the title of Outstanding Scientist of the People . The following year she retired . In 1972 , Hertwig moved to Villingen-Schwenningen in the Black Forest . In June of the same year , the Faculty of Medicine of Heidelberg University awarded her an honorary doctorate . Hertwig is one of the founders of radiation genetics alongside Emmy Stein . Hertwig-Weyers syndrome , which describes oligodactyly in humans as a result of radiation exposure , is named after her and her colleague , Helmut Weyers . Hertwig died in Villingen-Schwenningen on 31 March 1983 . Selected works . - Durch Radiumbestrahlung verursachte Entwicklung von halbkernigen Triton- und Fischembryonen , 1916 - Ein neuer Fall von multiplen Allelomorphismus bei Antirrhinum , 1926 - Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft . III , A . u . C , Partielle Keimesschädigungen durch RAdium und Röntgenstrahlen , 1927 - Die genetischen Grundlagen der Röntgenmutation , 1932 - Energiehaushalt : besondere Einflüsse auf Ernährung und Stoffwechsel , 1932 - Die künstliche Erzeugung von Mutationen und ihre theoretischen und praktischen Auswirkungen , 1932 - Handbuch der Ernahrung und des Stoffwechsels der Landwirtschaftlichen Nutztiere als Grundlagen der Futterungslehre . 4 , Energiehaushalt . besondere Einflusse auf Ernahrung und Stoffwechsel , 1932 - Geschlechtsgebundene und autosomale Koppelungen bei Hühnern , 1933 - Deutsche Gesellschaft Vererbungswissenschaft : Bericht über die .. . Jahresversammlung Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft herausgegeben von Paula Hertwig. , 1934 - Erbanlage und Umwelt , 1934 - Der Alkohol in seiner Wirkung auf die Fortpflanzungszellen , 1935 - Artbastarde bei Tieren , 1936 - Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft , 1936 - Strahlenschäden und Strahlenschutz im zellulären Bereich , 1957 - Anpassung , Vererbung und Evolution. , 1959 - Differences in the development capabilities of F₁ mice after x-raying of spermatogoniia and mature and immature spermatozoa , 1959 References . Bibliography . - Gerstengarbe , Sybille : Paula Hertwig : Geneticist in the 20th century ; a search for clues ( series Acta Historica Leopoldina ) , Stuttgart : Scientific Publishing Society 2012 , . - Herbst , Andreas ( ed. ) , Winfried Ranke , Jürgen Winkler : Thats how the GDR worked . Volume 1 : Encyclopedia of Organizations and Institutions , Departmental Union Leadership , League for International Friendships ( = rororo Manual , Vol . 6348 ) . Rowohlt , Reinbek at Hamburg 1994 , , p 190 .
|
[
"Member of Parliament in the Prussian Landtag"
] |
[
{
"text": "Paula Hertwig ( 11 October 1889 – 31 March 1983 ) was a German biologist and politician . Her research focused on radiation health effects . Hertwig was the first woman to habilitate at the then Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin ( now Humboldt University of Berlin ) in the field of zoology . She was also the first biologist at a German university . Hertwig is one of the founders of radiation genetics alongside Emmy Stein . Hertwig-Weyers syndrome , which describes oligodactyly in humans as a result of radiation exposure , is named after her and her colleague , Helmut Weyers",
"title": "Paula Hertwig"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Paula Hertwig"
},
{
"text": " Paula Julie Elisabeth Hertwig was born in Berlin on 11 October 1889 . She was the daughter of Oscar Hertwig , a university professor ; sister of the anatomist , Günther Hertwig ; and niece of the zoologist , Richard Hertwig . She graduated from high school in 1908 , at the Realgymnasium . She studied zoology , botany , and chemistry at the University of Berlin , medical PhD . After that she was an assistant at the Anatomical-Biological Institute of the University of Berlin .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "From 1916 to 1921 , Hertwig was an unpaid zoology assistant in her fathers Anatomical Institute . She habilitated in 1919 , as the first woman at the then Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin ( now Humboldt University of Berlin ) in the field of zoology . Afterwards , she was a Privatdozentin for General Biology and Heredity at this institute . In 1921 , she was also appointed as an assistant to the Institute for heredity and breeding research of the Agricultural College , where she worked for Erwin Baur . From 1927 to 1945 , she was associate professor of genetics",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "at the Biological-Anatomical Institute of the Medical Faculty of the University of Berlin . As the first biologist at a German university , she taught biology there for medical students . In 1940 , she was appointed Head of the Zoological Department of the Institute of Inheritance .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Hertwig , who belonged to the German Democratic Party , was elected in 1932 as Member of Parliament in the Prussian Landtag and in February 1933 again as a deputy in the last Prussian Landtag .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In the period of Nazi Germany in 1937 , she was a member of the National Socialist German Lecturers League , but did not join the Nazi Party . From 1937 , she worked with the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research and became a secretary of the Deutschen Gesellschaft für Vererbungswissenschaft ( German Society of Inheritance ) . From 1939 , she also worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Heredity and Breeding Research of the University of Berlin in Zehlendorf . In the years 1941 to 1942 , she participated in the DFG research project Erbschädigungsprobuche",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "on mice .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In May 1945 , she received a call to the Faculty of Medicine of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , where in 1948 , she became professor of General Biology and Heredity . At the founding congress of the Democratic Womens League of Germany ( DFD ) in March 1947 , she was elected a member of the Federal Executive Committee . From 1947 to 1948 , she was chair of the state association Saxony-Anhalt of the DFD ; and from March 1948 to March 1949 , a member of the 1st Peoples Council in the Soviet occupation zone",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "( SBZ ) .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In 1953 , she was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . Since 1955 , she was a member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities . In 1956 , she was awarded the National Prize of the German Democratic Republic and the Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze , and in 1959 , the title of Outstanding Scientist of the People . The following year she retired .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 1972 , Hertwig moved to Villingen-Schwenningen in the Black Forest . In June of the same year , the Faculty of Medicine of Heidelberg University awarded her an honorary doctorate .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Hertwig is one of the founders of radiation genetics alongside Emmy Stein . Hertwig-Weyers syndrome , which describes oligodactyly in humans as a result of radiation exposure , is named after her and her colleague , Helmut Weyers . Hertwig died in Villingen-Schwenningen on 31 March 1983 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " - Durch Radiumbestrahlung verursachte Entwicklung von halbkernigen Triton- und Fischembryonen , 1916 - Ein neuer Fall von multiplen Allelomorphismus bei Antirrhinum , 1926 - Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft . III , A . u . C , Partielle Keimesschädigungen durch RAdium und Röntgenstrahlen , 1927 - Die genetischen Grundlagen der Röntgenmutation , 1932 - Energiehaushalt : besondere Einflüsse auf Ernährung und Stoffwechsel , 1932 - Die künstliche Erzeugung von Mutationen und ihre theoretischen und praktischen Auswirkungen , 1932",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": "- Handbuch der Ernahrung und des Stoffwechsels der Landwirtschaftlichen Nutztiere als Grundlagen der Futterungslehre . 4 , Energiehaushalt . besondere Einflusse auf Ernahrung und Stoffwechsel , 1932",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - Geschlechtsgebundene und autosomale Koppelungen bei Hühnern , 1933 - Deutsche Gesellschaft Vererbungswissenschaft : Bericht über die .. . Jahresversammlung Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft herausgegeben von Paula Hertwig. , 1934 - Erbanlage und Umwelt , 1934 - Der Alkohol in seiner Wirkung auf die Fortpflanzungszellen , 1935 - Artbastarde bei Tieren , 1936 - Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft , 1936 - Strahlenschäden und Strahlenschutz im zellulären Bereich , 1957 - Anpassung , Vererbung und Evolution. , 1959 - Differences in the development capabilities of F₁ mice after x-raying of spermatogoniia and mature and immature spermatozoa , 1959",
"title": "Selected works"
},
{
"text": " - Gerstengarbe , Sybille : Paula Hertwig : Geneticist in the 20th century ; a search for clues ( series Acta Historica Leopoldina ) , Stuttgart : Scientific Publishing Society 2012 , . - Herbst , Andreas ( ed. ) , Winfried Ranke , Jürgen Winkler : Thats how the GDR worked . Volume 1 : Encyclopedia of Organizations and Institutions , Departmental Union Leadership , League for International Friendships ( = rororo Manual , Vol . 6348 ) . Rowohlt , Reinbek at Hamburg 1994 , , p 190 .",
"title": "Bibliography"
}
] |
/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral#P39#0
|
Inder Kumar Gujral took which position in Dec 1996?
|
Inder Kumar Gujral Inder Kumar Gujral ( 4 December 1919 – 30 November 2012 ) was an Indian diplomat , politician and freedom activist who served as the 12th Prime Minister of India from April 1997 to March 1998 . Born in Punjab , he was influenced by nationalistic ideas as a student , and joined the All India Students Federation and the Communist Party of India . He was imprisoned for taking part in the Quit India movement . After independence , he joined the Indian National Congress party in 1964 , and became a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha . He was the Minister of Information and Broadcasting during the emergency . In 1976 , he was appointed as the Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union . In 1996 , he became the Minister of External Affairs in the Deve Gowda ministry , and developed the Gujral doctrine during this period . He was appointed as the 12th Prime Minister of India in 1997 . His tenure lasted for less than a year . He retired from all political positions in 1998 . He died in 2012 at the age of 92 , following hospitalization due to a lung infection . Early and personal life . Family . Indra Kumar Gujral was born on 4 December 1919 in a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family to Avtar Narain and Pushpa Gujral in the village of Pari Darveza in the Sohawa Tehsil of the Jhelum District in undivided Punjab in British India , which is in present-day Punjab , Pakistan . He studied at D.A.V . College , Hailey College of Commerce and Forman Christian College , Lahore , all affiliated with the University of the Punjab . He was a member of All India Students Federation . He also participated in the Indian independence movement , and was jailed in 1942 during the Quit India Movement . As a student , he became a member of the Communist Party of India . He also has two sisters , Uma Nanda and Sunita Judge . On 26 May 1945 , Inder Kumar Gujral married Sheila Gujral ( 24 January 1924 – 11 July 2011 ) and had two sons , Naresh Gujral ( born 19 May 1948 ) , who is a Rajya Sabha MP , and Vishal Gujral . IK Gujrals younger brother Satish Gujral was a world-renowned painter and sculptor . Education . Gujrals hobbies included poetry ; he spoke Urdu and was , after his death , eulogised as a lover of the language by Maulana Azad National Urdu University , an institution where he held the position of chancellor . His wife Sheila Gujral , an acclaimed poet , died on 11 July 2011 after an illness . The couple had two sons , Naresh , who is a Shiromani Akali Dal MP in the Rajya Sabha , and Vishal . The couple also have two granddaughters and a grandson . Early politics . Gujral became vice-president of the New Delhi Municipal Committee in 1958 , and joined the Congress party ( INC ) in 1964 . He was close to Indira Gandhi , and became a member of the Rajya Sabha in April 1964 . During the Emergency of June 1975 , Gujral was Minister of Information and Broadcasting , where he was in charge of the media during a time of censorship in India and was in charge of Doordarshan . He again was selected to the Rajya Sabha to serve until 1976 . He also served as Water Resources Minister . Later , Gujral was appointed Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union by Indira Gandhi and stayed on during the tenures of Morarji Desai and Charan Singh . He was rumoured to have been shunted out of the ministry due to conflicts with the prime ministers son , Sanjay Gandhi , over media censorship , and was replaced by Vidya Charan Shukla , who had no qualms following party lines on the matter ; he was then moved to the Planning Ministry . Janata Dal . Gujral resigned from the Indian National Congress party in the 1980s . Then he joined the Janata Dal . In the 1989 Indian general election , Gujral was elected from Jalandhar in Punjab . He served as Minister of External Affairs in Prime Minister V . P . Singhs eleventh cabinet of India . In 1989 , Singh sent him to Srinagar to negotiate with the perpetrators of the 1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed . He also brought about controversy during the Gulf War when he hugged Saddam Hussein as a show-of-good-faith to ensure Indian expatriates would be safe . In the 1991 Indian general election , Gujral contested from Patna in Bihar . However , the election was countermanded following complaints of irregularities . In 1992 , Gujral was selected to the Rajya Sabha with the help of Lalu Prasad Yadav . Subsequent to the 1996 election , when the United Front government was formed under the premiership of H . D . Deve Gowda , Gujral was again named Minister of External Affairs . During this tenure , he developed the Gujral Doctrine which emphasised better relations with Indias neighbours and was refined when he became prime minister . He also served as Union Minister or Minister of State of several other portfolios—Communications and Parliamentary Affairs , Information and Broadcasting , Works and Housing and Planning . The Indian National Congress party had been supporting the United Front government from outside , but citing its wish to have the incumbent prime minister replaced , decided to withdraw support ; this led to the governments collapse in April 1997 . To avoid mid-term elections , a compromise was reached : the INC agreed to support another United Front government under a new leader , provided its concerns—such as not being consulted before taking important decisions and being marginalised—were addressed . The United Front elected Gujral as its new leader , and he was sworn in as Prime Minister on 21 April 1997 . Prime Minister ( 1997–1998 ) . Gujral became prime minister as the consensus candidate between others that included Lalu Prasad Yadav , Mulayam Singh Yadav ; his government was supported by the INC from outside . In the early weeks of his tenure , the Central Bureau of Investigation asked for permission from the Governor of Bihar , A . R . Kidwai , to prosecute the state Chief Minister Lalu Prasad Yadav in a corruption case related to the Fodder Scam , a move that Kidwai sanctioned . Even legal scholars said that Yadav could not escape prosecution . Subsequently , the demand for the resignation of Yadav was raised both from within and outside the United Front . United Front and Telugu Desam Party leader Chandrababu Naidu and Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) General Secretary Harkishen Singh Surjeet called for action against Yadav and for the resignation of other RJD members ; while the same was said by JD members Sharad Yadav , H . D . Deve Gowda and Ram Vilas Paswan who called for the dismissal of accused RJD members Kanti Singh , Raghuvansh Prasad Singh and Captain Jai Narain Nishad . Though INC chairperson Sitaram Kesri offered minor calls for Yadavs resignation , Yadav then offered Gujral support to run from any Lok Sabha constituency in Bihar to get his support . Gujral , however , was silent on the matter , but later controversially transferred the CBI director Joginder Singh , who was investigating the case against Yadav , and replaced him with R . C . Sharma , who said Gujral would directly control the CBI and that the pace of investigating many sensational cases will definitely slacken now . However , Yadav was still expelled from the party by JD leader Sharad Yadav , before forming his own Rashtriya Janata Dal in 1997 . Another controversial decision of his government was its recommendation of Presidents rule in Uttar Pradesh in 1997 . The Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) Uttar Pradesh government , headed by Kalyan Singh , sought a vote of confidence after violence and unruly scenes took place in the assembly . However , President K.R . Narayanan refused to sign the recommendation and sent it back to the government for reconsideration . The Allahabad High Court also gave a decision against Presidents rule in Uttar Pradesh . He also resisted signing the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty . On 28 August 1997 , the Jain Commission report was submitted to the government and was leaked on 16 November . The commission had inquired into the conspiracy aspects of the Rajiv Gandhi assassination and reportedly criticised the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( DMK ) , amongst others such as the Narasimha Rao government , for tacitly supporting Tamil militants accused in Gandhis assassination . The DMK was part of the ruling coalition at the center and had ministers in the Union Cabinet . The Congress first demanded the tabling of the report on the floor of the parliament , which was refused by Gujral , who feared a battle between the DMK and the Tamil Maanila Congress would lead to the DMKs withdrawal from the government . Gujral later formed a Joint Parliamentary Committee to study the report after informing Sitaram Keshri of the decision , to which Keshri acceded . INC parliamentary party leader Sharad Pawar said they would call for the resignation of anyone implicated in the report . Gujral convened the government to inform them of the updates and said it supported the DMK . The DMKs Industry Minister Murasoli Maran said : We are part of the United Front . We will stand and fall together . I am hundred per cent confident of that . If it were so easy to break the United Front , then it will be called the disunited front . No one is going to ditch their colleagues for a few loaves of power . We have no reason to quit at all . The report is full of recycled news . There is nothing startling about it , everybody already knows what the report is saying . A Madras court is expected to give its verdict on a criminal case on the assassination on January 28 . Let us wait till then to know who was involved in the dastardly act . Until then , all this is disinformation . However , the Tamil Maanila Congress called for the DMK , which was in a coalition government in Tamil Nadu , to share all actions it would undertake . The report was tabled on 20 November 1997 . On the same day there were angry scenes in parliament , as the INC then called for the DMKs removal from the cabinet and refused to partake in any parliamentary debate until that happened . Speaker P.A . Sangma then adjourned the house . The INC finally withdrew support from his government on 28 November after Gujral sent Kesri a letter saying he would not dismiss any DMK leaders . Gujral resigned following the withdrawal , and sent a letter to President K . R . Narayanan that read : My government has lost its majority and does not want to continue in office on moral grounds , but did not call for the dissolution of parliament . The president accepted the resignation , but asked for Gujral to stay on in an interim capacity . INC General Secretary Oscar Fernandes then said : All the secular parties are welcome to support a government which will be attempted by the Congress . The United Fronts leader Chandrababu Naidu got the support of all the constituents saying they would neither support the INC nor the Bharatiya Janata Party , as did the TMC , saying they would not allow a U.P.-like situation to happen in the centre . In similar measure , BJP leader M . Venkaiah Naidu said the party would throttle INC attempts to form a new government . The president then dissolved parliament on 4 December , triggering a snap election . Gujral was the third PM to be from the Rajya Sabha , the first being Indira Gandhi ( January 1966 - March 1977 ) and the second H . D . Deve Gowda ( June 1996 - April 1997 ) and followed by Manmohan Singh ( May 2004 - May 2014 ) . Gujral Doctrine . The Gujral Doctrine is a set of five principles to guide the conduct of foreign relations with Indias immediate neighbours , notably Pakistan , as spelt out by Gujral . The doctrine was later termed as such by journalist Bhabani Sen Gupta in his article , India in the Twenty First Century in International Affairs . These principles are , as he set out at Chatham House in September 1996 ( which he later reiterated at the Bandaranaike Centre for International Studies ) : He wrote in his autobiography of the doctrine : The logic behind the Gujral Doctrine was that since we had to face two hostile neighbours in the north and the west , we had to be at ‘total peace’ with all other immediate neighbours in order to contain Pakistans and Chinas influence in the region . Following a series of attacks throughout the 2000s , said by the Indian media and government to have originated from and been planned in Pakistan , culminating with the 2008 Mumbai attacks , the Gujral Doctrine was criticised by the Indian media . Following the attack , India Today said that targeted , covert strikes against Pakistani organisations such as Lashkar-e-Taiba were a capability that I.K . Gujral dismantled as prime minister over a decade ago will take over a year to rebuild . The major setback of the Gujral Doctrine is said to be the debilitating impact it had on the R&AWs ( Research and Analysis Wing ) ability to conduct operations in Pakistan . On his orders Pakistans special operations desk of R&AW was shut down leading to major gaps in Indias intelligence capabilities . Analysts have time and again blamed this as the foremost factor for Indias intelligence failure before the Kargil War commenced . It is said that this was because of Gujrals negligence towards such repercussions and his urge to leave an imprint on Indo-Pak relations that he did this . However , it was also praised in the media . The snap election was held in February–March 1998 . Gujral contested again from Jalandhar as Janata Dal candidate with the support of the Shiromani Akali Dal . The Akali Dal , though a part of BJP-led coalition , opted to support Gujral because during his Prime Ministerial tenure , Gujral declared that the central government will share the expenses against the insurgency in Punjab during the 1980s and early 1990s , along with the state government of Punjab . Gujral was a member of the Club de Madrid after his tenure as the Prime Minister ended . Illness and death . Gujral was admitted at Medanta Hospital in Gurgaon , Haryana ( part of the National Capital Region ) , on 19 November 2012 , after being diagnosed with a lung infection . He had suffered a serious chest infection a few days before being admitted to the hospital following more than a year of dialysis . His health deteriorated in the hospital and was reported to be very critical . On 27 November , he fell unconscious and his urine output system stopped working . Gujral died on 30 November 2012 , four days before his 93rd birthday . His body lay in state at his official residence , 5 Janpath , until noon the next day . The Government of India declared a seven-day period of state mourning and cancelled official functions until 6 December . He was given a state funeral at 15:00 on 1 December near Samata Sthal . His death was announced to parliament by Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde , following which both houses adjourned . On 3 December , condolence references were held for him . Reactions came from President Pranab Mukherjee , Prime Minister Manmohan Singh , Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar and RJD chairman Lalu Prasad Yadav . Other immediate reactions came from MPs : Law Minister Ashwani Kumar , Veerappa Moily , Ghulam Nabi Azad . Minister for New and Renewable Energy Dr . Farooq Abdullah offered his condolences and said Gujral was a politician , a diplomat and a humanist who would be remembered for his many accomplishments in the diplomatic and political arena ; while Minister of State for Chemicals and Fertilisers Srikant Kumar Jena said Gujral had an exceptional personality , courage and intellect and that : Today we feel extremely saddened on the demise of former Prime Minister Shri Inder Kumar Gujral , who was a man of exceptional courage and intellect . The Union Cabinet issued a statement that read : In his death , India has lost a great patriot , a visionary leader and a freedom fighter . INC chairperson Sonia Gandhi wrote to Gujrals son , MP Naresh Gujral : ...the late leader had the ability to win goodwill and friendship across the political spectrum . It is these qualities and the genuine warmth of his personality that made him such a widely admired and respected Prime Minister of India , MP and ambassador . Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa sent a message to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in which he wrote : Shri Gujral was ahead of his times in a rapidly globalising world . Sri Lanka will always remember with gratitude , Shri I K Gujrals contribution towards strengthening India-Sri Lanka relations and regional cooperation . Pakistani Prime Minister Raja Parvez Ashraf mentioned Gujrals admirable role in boosting India-Pakistan relations , while he also said South Asia had lost a noble and distinguished politician . Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina sent an unnamed senior leader of her Awami League party for the funeral . Salman Khurshid and Lal Krishna Advani were amongst the dignitaries at his funeral . Honours . Gujral has received several accolades and honours : Foreign honours . - Bangladesh Liberation War Honour ( Bangladesh Muktijuddho Sanmanona ) Autobiography . - , Hay House , India , 519 pages , Feb . 2011 . . Distributors : Penguin books , India . ( The only autobiography by an Indian PM ) External links . - PM Office
|
[
"Minister of External Affairs"
] |
[
{
"text": " Inder Kumar Gujral ( 4 December 1919 – 30 November 2012 ) was an Indian diplomat , politician and freedom activist who served as the 12th Prime Minister of India from April 1997 to March 1998 .",
"title": "Inder Kumar Gujral"
},
{
"text": "Born in Punjab , he was influenced by nationalistic ideas as a student , and joined the All India Students Federation and the Communist Party of India . He was imprisoned for taking part in the Quit India movement . After independence , he joined the Indian National Congress party in 1964 , and became a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha .",
"title": "Inder Kumar Gujral"
},
{
"text": " He was the Minister of Information and Broadcasting during the emergency . In 1976 , he was appointed as the Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union . In 1996 , he became the Minister of External Affairs in the Deve Gowda ministry , and developed the Gujral doctrine during this period . He was appointed as the 12th Prime Minister of India in 1997 . His tenure lasted for less than a year .",
"title": "Inder Kumar Gujral"
},
{
"text": "He retired from all political positions in 1998 . He died in 2012 at the age of 92 , following hospitalization due to a lung infection .",
"title": "Inder Kumar Gujral"
},
{
"text": "Indra Kumar Gujral was born on 4 December 1919 in a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family to Avtar Narain and Pushpa Gujral in the village of Pari Darveza in the Sohawa Tehsil of the Jhelum District in undivided Punjab in British India , which is in present-day Punjab , Pakistan . He studied at D.A.V . College , Hailey College of Commerce and Forman Christian College , Lahore , all affiliated with the University of the Punjab . He was a member of All India Students Federation . He also participated in the Indian independence movement , and was jailed in",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": "1942 during the Quit India Movement . As a student , he became a member of the Communist Party of India . He also has two sisters , Uma Nanda and Sunita Judge . On 26 May 1945 , Inder Kumar Gujral married Sheila Gujral ( 24 January 1924 – 11 July 2011 ) and had two sons , Naresh Gujral ( born 19 May 1948 ) , who is a Rajya Sabha MP , and Vishal Gujral . IK Gujrals younger brother Satish Gujral was a world-renowned painter and sculptor .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": " Gujrals hobbies included poetry ; he spoke Urdu and was , after his death , eulogised as a lover of the language by Maulana Azad National Urdu University , an institution where he held the position of chancellor . His wife Sheila Gujral , an acclaimed poet , died on 11 July 2011 after an illness . The couple had two sons , Naresh , who is a Shiromani Akali Dal MP in the Rajya Sabha , and Vishal . The couple also have two granddaughters and a grandson .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "Gujral became vice-president of the New Delhi Municipal Committee in 1958 , and joined the Congress party ( INC ) in 1964 . He was close to Indira Gandhi , and became a member of the Rajya Sabha in April 1964 . During the Emergency of June 1975 , Gujral was Minister of Information and Broadcasting , where he was in charge of the media during a time of censorship in India and was in charge of Doordarshan . He again was selected to the Rajya Sabha to serve until 1976 . He also served as Water Resources Minister .",
"title": "Early politics"
},
{
"text": "Later , Gujral was appointed Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union by Indira Gandhi and stayed on during the tenures of Morarji Desai and Charan Singh . He was rumoured to have been shunted out of the ministry due to conflicts with the prime ministers son , Sanjay Gandhi , over media censorship , and was replaced by Vidya Charan Shukla , who had no qualms following party lines on the matter ; he was then moved to the Planning Ministry .",
"title": "Early politics"
},
{
"text": "Gujral resigned from the Indian National Congress party in the 1980s . Then he joined the Janata Dal . In the 1989 Indian general election , Gujral was elected from Jalandhar in Punjab . He served as Minister of External Affairs in Prime Minister V . P . Singhs eleventh cabinet of India . In 1989 , Singh sent him to Srinagar to negotiate with the perpetrators of the 1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed . He also brought about controversy during the Gulf War when he hugged Saddam Hussein as a show-of-good-faith to ensure Indian expatriates would be safe .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "In the 1991 Indian general election , Gujral contested from Patna in Bihar . However , the election was countermanded following complaints of irregularities . In 1992 , Gujral was selected to the Rajya Sabha with the help of Lalu Prasad Yadav .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": " Subsequent to the 1996 election , when the United Front government was formed under the premiership of H . D . Deve Gowda , Gujral was again named Minister of External Affairs . During this tenure , he developed the Gujral Doctrine which emphasised better relations with Indias neighbours and was refined when he became prime minister . He also served as Union Minister or Minister of State of several other portfolios—Communications and Parliamentary Affairs , Information and Broadcasting , Works and Housing and Planning .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "The Indian National Congress party had been supporting the United Front government from outside , but citing its wish to have the incumbent prime minister replaced , decided to withdraw support ; this led to the governments collapse in April 1997 . To avoid mid-term elections , a compromise was reached : the INC agreed to support another United Front government under a new leader , provided its concerns—such as not being consulted before taking important decisions and being marginalised—were addressed . The United Front elected Gujral as its new leader , and he was sworn in as Prime Minister",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "on 21 April 1997 .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "Gujral became prime minister as the consensus candidate between others that included Lalu Prasad Yadav , Mulayam Singh Yadav ; his government was supported by the INC from outside . In the early weeks of his tenure , the Central Bureau of Investigation asked for permission from the Governor of Bihar , A . R . Kidwai , to prosecute the state Chief Minister Lalu Prasad Yadav in a corruption case related to the Fodder Scam , a move that Kidwai sanctioned . Even legal scholars said that Yadav could not escape prosecution . Subsequently , the demand for the",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "resignation of Yadav was raised both from within and outside the United Front . United Front and Telugu Desam Party leader Chandrababu Naidu and Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) General Secretary Harkishen Singh Surjeet called for action against Yadav and for the resignation of other RJD members ; while the same was said by JD members Sharad Yadav , H . D . Deve Gowda and Ram Vilas Paswan who called for the dismissal of accused RJD members Kanti Singh , Raghuvansh Prasad Singh and Captain Jai Narain Nishad . Though INC chairperson Sitaram Kesri offered minor calls",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "for Yadavs resignation , Yadav then offered Gujral support to run from any Lok Sabha constituency in Bihar to get his support . Gujral , however , was silent on the matter , but later controversially transferred the CBI director Joginder Singh , who was investigating the case against Yadav , and replaced him with R . C . Sharma , who said Gujral would directly control the CBI and that the pace of investigating many sensational cases will definitely slacken now . However , Yadav was still expelled from the party by JD leader Sharad Yadav , before forming",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "his own Rashtriya Janata Dal in 1997 .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": " Another controversial decision of his government was its recommendation of Presidents rule in Uttar Pradesh in 1997 . The Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) Uttar Pradesh government , headed by Kalyan Singh , sought a vote of confidence after violence and unruly scenes took place in the assembly . However , President K.R . Narayanan refused to sign the recommendation and sent it back to the government for reconsideration . The Allahabad High Court also gave a decision against Presidents rule in Uttar Pradesh . He also resisted signing the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "On 28 August 1997 , the Jain Commission report was submitted to the government and was leaked on 16 November . The commission had inquired into the conspiracy aspects of the Rajiv Gandhi assassination and reportedly criticised the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( DMK ) , amongst others such as the Narasimha Rao government , for tacitly supporting Tamil militants accused in Gandhis assassination . The DMK was part of the ruling coalition at the center and had ministers in the Union Cabinet . The Congress first demanded the tabling of the report on the floor of the parliament , which",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "was refused by Gujral , who feared a battle between the DMK and the Tamil Maanila Congress would lead to the DMKs withdrawal from the government . Gujral later formed a Joint Parliamentary Committee to study the report after informing Sitaram Keshri of the decision , to which Keshri acceded . INC parliamentary party leader Sharad Pawar said they would call for the resignation of anyone implicated in the report . Gujral convened the government to inform them of the updates and said it supported the DMK . The DMKs Industry Minister Murasoli Maran said : We are part of",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "the United Front . We will stand and fall together . I am hundred per cent confident of that . If it were so easy to break the United Front , then it will be called the disunited front . No one is going to ditch their colleagues for a few loaves of power . We have no reason to quit at all . The report is full of recycled news . There is nothing startling about it , everybody already knows what the report is saying . A Madras court is expected to give its verdict on a criminal",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "case on the assassination on January 28 . Let us wait till then to know who was involved in the dastardly act . Until then , all this is disinformation . However , the Tamil Maanila Congress called for the DMK , which was in a coalition government in Tamil Nadu , to share all actions it would undertake . The report was tabled on 20 November 1997 . On the same day there were angry scenes in parliament , as the INC then called for the DMKs removal from the cabinet and refused to partake in any parliamentary debate",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "until that happened . Speaker P.A . Sangma then adjourned the house . The INC finally withdrew support from his government on 28 November after Gujral sent Kesri a letter saying he would not dismiss any DMK leaders . Gujral resigned following the withdrawal , and sent a letter to President K . R . Narayanan that read : My government has lost its majority and does not want to continue in office on moral grounds , but did not call for the dissolution of parliament . The president accepted the resignation , but asked for Gujral to stay on",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "in an interim capacity . INC General Secretary Oscar Fernandes then said : All the secular parties are welcome to support a government which will be attempted by the Congress . The United Fronts leader Chandrababu Naidu got the support of all the constituents saying they would neither support the INC nor the Bharatiya Janata Party , as did the TMC , saying they would not allow a U.P.-like situation to happen in the centre . In similar measure , BJP leader M . Venkaiah Naidu said the party would throttle INC attempts to form a new government . The",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "president then dissolved parliament on 4 December , triggering a snap election .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": " Gujral was the third PM to be from the Rajya Sabha , the first being Indira Gandhi ( January 1966 - March 1977 ) and the second H . D . Deve Gowda ( June 1996 - April 1997 ) and followed by Manmohan Singh ( May 2004 - May 2014 ) .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": " The Gujral Doctrine is a set of five principles to guide the conduct of foreign relations with Indias immediate neighbours , notably Pakistan , as spelt out by Gujral . The doctrine was later termed as such by journalist Bhabani Sen Gupta in his article , India in the Twenty First Century in International Affairs . These principles are , as he set out at Chatham House in September 1996 ( which he later reiterated at the Bandaranaike Centre for International Studies ) :",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": "He wrote in his autobiography of the doctrine : The logic behind the Gujral Doctrine was that since we had to face two hostile neighbours in the north and the west , we had to be at ‘total peace’ with all other immediate neighbours in order to contain Pakistans and Chinas influence in the region .",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": "Following a series of attacks throughout the 2000s , said by the Indian media and government to have originated from and been planned in Pakistan , culminating with the 2008 Mumbai attacks , the Gujral Doctrine was criticised by the Indian media . Following the attack , India Today said that targeted , covert strikes against Pakistani organisations such as Lashkar-e-Taiba were a capability that I.K . Gujral dismantled as prime minister over a decade ago will take over a year to rebuild . The major setback of the Gujral Doctrine is said to be the debilitating impact it had",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": "on the R&AWs ( Research and Analysis Wing ) ability to conduct operations in Pakistan . On his orders Pakistans special operations desk of R&AW was shut down leading to major gaps in Indias intelligence capabilities . Analysts have time and again blamed this as the foremost factor for Indias intelligence failure before the Kargil War commenced . It is said that this was because of Gujrals negligence towards such repercussions and his urge to leave an imprint on Indo-Pak relations that he did this . However , it was also praised in the media .",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": " The snap election was held in February–March 1998 . Gujral contested again from Jalandhar as Janata Dal candidate with the support of the Shiromani Akali Dal . The Akali Dal , though a part of BJP-led coalition , opted to support Gujral because during his Prime Ministerial tenure , Gujral declared that the central government will share the expenses against the insurgency in Punjab during the 1980s and early 1990s , along with the state government of Punjab . Gujral was a member of the Club de Madrid after his tenure as the Prime Minister ended .",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": "Gujral was admitted at Medanta Hospital in Gurgaon , Haryana ( part of the National Capital Region ) , on 19 November 2012 , after being diagnosed with a lung infection . He had suffered a serious chest infection a few days before being admitted to the hospital following more than a year of dialysis . His health deteriorated in the hospital and was reported to be very critical . On 27 November , he fell unconscious and his urine output system stopped working . Gujral died on 30 November 2012 , four days before his 93rd birthday . His",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": "body lay in state at his official residence , 5 Janpath , until noon the next day . The Government of India declared a seven-day period of state mourning and cancelled official functions until 6 December . He was given a state funeral at 15:00 on 1 December near Samata Sthal . His death was announced to parliament by Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde , following which both houses adjourned . On 3 December , condolence references were held for him .",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": "Reactions came from President Pranab Mukherjee , Prime Minister Manmohan Singh , Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar and RJD chairman Lalu Prasad Yadav . Other immediate reactions came from MPs : Law Minister Ashwani Kumar , Veerappa Moily , Ghulam Nabi Azad . Minister for New and Renewable Energy Dr . Farooq Abdullah offered his condolences and said Gujral was a politician , a diplomat and a humanist who would be remembered for his many accomplishments in the diplomatic and political arena ; while Minister of State for Chemicals and Fertilisers Srikant Kumar Jena said Gujral had an exceptional personality",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": ", courage and intellect and that : Today we feel extremely saddened on the demise of former Prime Minister Shri Inder Kumar Gujral , who was a man of exceptional courage and intellect . The Union Cabinet issued a statement that read : In his death , India has lost a great patriot , a visionary leader and a freedom fighter . INC chairperson Sonia Gandhi wrote to Gujrals son , MP Naresh Gujral : ...the late leader had the ability to win goodwill and friendship across the political spectrum . It is these qualities and the genuine warmth of",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": "his personality that made him such a widely admired and respected Prime Minister of India , MP and ambassador . Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa sent a message to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in which he wrote : Shri Gujral was ahead of his times in a rapidly globalising world . Sri Lanka will always remember with gratitude , Shri I K Gujrals contribution towards strengthening India-Sri Lanka relations and regional cooperation . Pakistani Prime Minister Raja Parvez Ashraf mentioned Gujrals admirable role in boosting India-Pakistan relations , while he also said South Asia had lost a noble and",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": "distinguished politician . Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina sent an unnamed senior leader of her Awami League party for the funeral . Salman Khurshid and Lal Krishna Advani were amongst the dignitaries at his funeral .",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": " - , Hay House , India , 519 pages , Feb . 2011 . . Distributors : Penguin books , India . ( The only autobiography by an Indian PM )",
"title": "Autobiography"
},
{
"text": " - PM Office",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral#P39#1
|
Inder Kumar Gujral took which position in Apr 1997?
|
Inder Kumar Gujral Inder Kumar Gujral ( 4 December 1919 – 30 November 2012 ) was an Indian diplomat , politician and freedom activist who served as the 12th Prime Minister of India from April 1997 to March 1998 . Born in Punjab , he was influenced by nationalistic ideas as a student , and joined the All India Students Federation and the Communist Party of India . He was imprisoned for taking part in the Quit India movement . After independence , he joined the Indian National Congress party in 1964 , and became a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha . He was the Minister of Information and Broadcasting during the emergency . In 1976 , he was appointed as the Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union . In 1996 , he became the Minister of External Affairs in the Deve Gowda ministry , and developed the Gujral doctrine during this period . He was appointed as the 12th Prime Minister of India in 1997 . His tenure lasted for less than a year . He retired from all political positions in 1998 . He died in 2012 at the age of 92 , following hospitalization due to a lung infection . Early and personal life . Family . Indra Kumar Gujral was born on 4 December 1919 in a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family to Avtar Narain and Pushpa Gujral in the village of Pari Darveza in the Sohawa Tehsil of the Jhelum District in undivided Punjab in British India , which is in present-day Punjab , Pakistan . He studied at D.A.V . College , Hailey College of Commerce and Forman Christian College , Lahore , all affiliated with the University of the Punjab . He was a member of All India Students Federation . He also participated in the Indian independence movement , and was jailed in 1942 during the Quit India Movement . As a student , he became a member of the Communist Party of India . He also has two sisters , Uma Nanda and Sunita Judge . On 26 May 1945 , Inder Kumar Gujral married Sheila Gujral ( 24 January 1924 – 11 July 2011 ) and had two sons , Naresh Gujral ( born 19 May 1948 ) , who is a Rajya Sabha MP , and Vishal Gujral . IK Gujrals younger brother Satish Gujral was a world-renowned painter and sculptor . Education . Gujrals hobbies included poetry ; he spoke Urdu and was , after his death , eulogised as a lover of the language by Maulana Azad National Urdu University , an institution where he held the position of chancellor . His wife Sheila Gujral , an acclaimed poet , died on 11 July 2011 after an illness . The couple had two sons , Naresh , who is a Shiromani Akali Dal MP in the Rajya Sabha , and Vishal . The couple also have two granddaughters and a grandson . Early politics . Gujral became vice-president of the New Delhi Municipal Committee in 1958 , and joined the Congress party ( INC ) in 1964 . He was close to Indira Gandhi , and became a member of the Rajya Sabha in April 1964 . During the Emergency of June 1975 , Gujral was Minister of Information and Broadcasting , where he was in charge of the media during a time of censorship in India and was in charge of Doordarshan . He again was selected to the Rajya Sabha to serve until 1976 . He also served as Water Resources Minister . Later , Gujral was appointed Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union by Indira Gandhi and stayed on during the tenures of Morarji Desai and Charan Singh . He was rumoured to have been shunted out of the ministry due to conflicts with the prime ministers son , Sanjay Gandhi , over media censorship , and was replaced by Vidya Charan Shukla , who had no qualms following party lines on the matter ; he was then moved to the Planning Ministry . Janata Dal . Gujral resigned from the Indian National Congress party in the 1980s . Then he joined the Janata Dal . In the 1989 Indian general election , Gujral was elected from Jalandhar in Punjab . He served as Minister of External Affairs in Prime Minister V . P . Singhs eleventh cabinet of India . In 1989 , Singh sent him to Srinagar to negotiate with the perpetrators of the 1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed . He also brought about controversy during the Gulf War when he hugged Saddam Hussein as a show-of-good-faith to ensure Indian expatriates would be safe . In the 1991 Indian general election , Gujral contested from Patna in Bihar . However , the election was countermanded following complaints of irregularities . In 1992 , Gujral was selected to the Rajya Sabha with the help of Lalu Prasad Yadav . Subsequent to the 1996 election , when the United Front government was formed under the premiership of H . D . Deve Gowda , Gujral was again named Minister of External Affairs . During this tenure , he developed the Gujral Doctrine which emphasised better relations with Indias neighbours and was refined when he became prime minister . He also served as Union Minister or Minister of State of several other portfolios—Communications and Parliamentary Affairs , Information and Broadcasting , Works and Housing and Planning . The Indian National Congress party had been supporting the United Front government from outside , but citing its wish to have the incumbent prime minister replaced , decided to withdraw support ; this led to the governments collapse in April 1997 . To avoid mid-term elections , a compromise was reached : the INC agreed to support another United Front government under a new leader , provided its concerns—such as not being consulted before taking important decisions and being marginalised—were addressed . The United Front elected Gujral as its new leader , and he was sworn in as Prime Minister on 21 April 1997 . Prime Minister ( 1997–1998 ) . Gujral became prime minister as the consensus candidate between others that included Lalu Prasad Yadav , Mulayam Singh Yadav ; his government was supported by the INC from outside . In the early weeks of his tenure , the Central Bureau of Investigation asked for permission from the Governor of Bihar , A . R . Kidwai , to prosecute the state Chief Minister Lalu Prasad Yadav in a corruption case related to the Fodder Scam , a move that Kidwai sanctioned . Even legal scholars said that Yadav could not escape prosecution . Subsequently , the demand for the resignation of Yadav was raised both from within and outside the United Front . United Front and Telugu Desam Party leader Chandrababu Naidu and Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) General Secretary Harkishen Singh Surjeet called for action against Yadav and for the resignation of other RJD members ; while the same was said by JD members Sharad Yadav , H . D . Deve Gowda and Ram Vilas Paswan who called for the dismissal of accused RJD members Kanti Singh , Raghuvansh Prasad Singh and Captain Jai Narain Nishad . Though INC chairperson Sitaram Kesri offered minor calls for Yadavs resignation , Yadav then offered Gujral support to run from any Lok Sabha constituency in Bihar to get his support . Gujral , however , was silent on the matter , but later controversially transferred the CBI director Joginder Singh , who was investigating the case against Yadav , and replaced him with R . C . Sharma , who said Gujral would directly control the CBI and that the pace of investigating many sensational cases will definitely slacken now . However , Yadav was still expelled from the party by JD leader Sharad Yadav , before forming his own Rashtriya Janata Dal in 1997 . Another controversial decision of his government was its recommendation of Presidents rule in Uttar Pradesh in 1997 . The Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) Uttar Pradesh government , headed by Kalyan Singh , sought a vote of confidence after violence and unruly scenes took place in the assembly . However , President K.R . Narayanan refused to sign the recommendation and sent it back to the government for reconsideration . The Allahabad High Court also gave a decision against Presidents rule in Uttar Pradesh . He also resisted signing the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty . On 28 August 1997 , the Jain Commission report was submitted to the government and was leaked on 16 November . The commission had inquired into the conspiracy aspects of the Rajiv Gandhi assassination and reportedly criticised the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( DMK ) , amongst others such as the Narasimha Rao government , for tacitly supporting Tamil militants accused in Gandhis assassination . The DMK was part of the ruling coalition at the center and had ministers in the Union Cabinet . The Congress first demanded the tabling of the report on the floor of the parliament , which was refused by Gujral , who feared a battle between the DMK and the Tamil Maanila Congress would lead to the DMKs withdrawal from the government . Gujral later formed a Joint Parliamentary Committee to study the report after informing Sitaram Keshri of the decision , to which Keshri acceded . INC parliamentary party leader Sharad Pawar said they would call for the resignation of anyone implicated in the report . Gujral convened the government to inform them of the updates and said it supported the DMK . The DMKs Industry Minister Murasoli Maran said : We are part of the United Front . We will stand and fall together . I am hundred per cent confident of that . If it were so easy to break the United Front , then it will be called the disunited front . No one is going to ditch their colleagues for a few loaves of power . We have no reason to quit at all . The report is full of recycled news . There is nothing startling about it , everybody already knows what the report is saying . A Madras court is expected to give its verdict on a criminal case on the assassination on January 28 . Let us wait till then to know who was involved in the dastardly act . Until then , all this is disinformation . However , the Tamil Maanila Congress called for the DMK , which was in a coalition government in Tamil Nadu , to share all actions it would undertake . The report was tabled on 20 November 1997 . On the same day there were angry scenes in parliament , as the INC then called for the DMKs removal from the cabinet and refused to partake in any parliamentary debate until that happened . Speaker P.A . Sangma then adjourned the house . The INC finally withdrew support from his government on 28 November after Gujral sent Kesri a letter saying he would not dismiss any DMK leaders . Gujral resigned following the withdrawal , and sent a letter to President K . R . Narayanan that read : My government has lost its majority and does not want to continue in office on moral grounds , but did not call for the dissolution of parliament . The president accepted the resignation , but asked for Gujral to stay on in an interim capacity . INC General Secretary Oscar Fernandes then said : All the secular parties are welcome to support a government which will be attempted by the Congress . The United Fronts leader Chandrababu Naidu got the support of all the constituents saying they would neither support the INC nor the Bharatiya Janata Party , as did the TMC , saying they would not allow a U.P.-like situation to happen in the centre . In similar measure , BJP leader M . Venkaiah Naidu said the party would throttle INC attempts to form a new government . The president then dissolved parliament on 4 December , triggering a snap election . Gujral was the third PM to be from the Rajya Sabha , the first being Indira Gandhi ( January 1966 - March 1977 ) and the second H . D . Deve Gowda ( June 1996 - April 1997 ) and followed by Manmohan Singh ( May 2004 - May 2014 ) . Gujral Doctrine . The Gujral Doctrine is a set of five principles to guide the conduct of foreign relations with Indias immediate neighbours , notably Pakistan , as spelt out by Gujral . The doctrine was later termed as such by journalist Bhabani Sen Gupta in his article , India in the Twenty First Century in International Affairs . These principles are , as he set out at Chatham House in September 1996 ( which he later reiterated at the Bandaranaike Centre for International Studies ) : He wrote in his autobiography of the doctrine : The logic behind the Gujral Doctrine was that since we had to face two hostile neighbours in the north and the west , we had to be at ‘total peace’ with all other immediate neighbours in order to contain Pakistans and Chinas influence in the region . Following a series of attacks throughout the 2000s , said by the Indian media and government to have originated from and been planned in Pakistan , culminating with the 2008 Mumbai attacks , the Gujral Doctrine was criticised by the Indian media . Following the attack , India Today said that targeted , covert strikes against Pakistani organisations such as Lashkar-e-Taiba were a capability that I.K . Gujral dismantled as prime minister over a decade ago will take over a year to rebuild . The major setback of the Gujral Doctrine is said to be the debilitating impact it had on the R&AWs ( Research and Analysis Wing ) ability to conduct operations in Pakistan . On his orders Pakistans special operations desk of R&AW was shut down leading to major gaps in Indias intelligence capabilities . Analysts have time and again blamed this as the foremost factor for Indias intelligence failure before the Kargil War commenced . It is said that this was because of Gujrals negligence towards such repercussions and his urge to leave an imprint on Indo-Pak relations that he did this . However , it was also praised in the media . The snap election was held in February–March 1998 . Gujral contested again from Jalandhar as Janata Dal candidate with the support of the Shiromani Akali Dal . The Akali Dal , though a part of BJP-led coalition , opted to support Gujral because during his Prime Ministerial tenure , Gujral declared that the central government will share the expenses against the insurgency in Punjab during the 1980s and early 1990s , along with the state government of Punjab . Gujral was a member of the Club de Madrid after his tenure as the Prime Minister ended . Illness and death . Gujral was admitted at Medanta Hospital in Gurgaon , Haryana ( part of the National Capital Region ) , on 19 November 2012 , after being diagnosed with a lung infection . He had suffered a serious chest infection a few days before being admitted to the hospital following more than a year of dialysis . His health deteriorated in the hospital and was reported to be very critical . On 27 November , he fell unconscious and his urine output system stopped working . Gujral died on 30 November 2012 , four days before his 93rd birthday . His body lay in state at his official residence , 5 Janpath , until noon the next day . The Government of India declared a seven-day period of state mourning and cancelled official functions until 6 December . He was given a state funeral at 15:00 on 1 December near Samata Sthal . His death was announced to parliament by Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde , following which both houses adjourned . On 3 December , condolence references were held for him . Reactions came from President Pranab Mukherjee , Prime Minister Manmohan Singh , Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar and RJD chairman Lalu Prasad Yadav . Other immediate reactions came from MPs : Law Minister Ashwani Kumar , Veerappa Moily , Ghulam Nabi Azad . Minister for New and Renewable Energy Dr . Farooq Abdullah offered his condolences and said Gujral was a politician , a diplomat and a humanist who would be remembered for his many accomplishments in the diplomatic and political arena ; while Minister of State for Chemicals and Fertilisers Srikant Kumar Jena said Gujral had an exceptional personality , courage and intellect and that : Today we feel extremely saddened on the demise of former Prime Minister Shri Inder Kumar Gujral , who was a man of exceptional courage and intellect . The Union Cabinet issued a statement that read : In his death , India has lost a great patriot , a visionary leader and a freedom fighter . INC chairperson Sonia Gandhi wrote to Gujrals son , MP Naresh Gujral : ...the late leader had the ability to win goodwill and friendship across the political spectrum . It is these qualities and the genuine warmth of his personality that made him such a widely admired and respected Prime Minister of India , MP and ambassador . Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa sent a message to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in which he wrote : Shri Gujral was ahead of his times in a rapidly globalising world . Sri Lanka will always remember with gratitude , Shri I K Gujrals contribution towards strengthening India-Sri Lanka relations and regional cooperation . Pakistani Prime Minister Raja Parvez Ashraf mentioned Gujrals admirable role in boosting India-Pakistan relations , while he also said South Asia had lost a noble and distinguished politician . Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina sent an unnamed senior leader of her Awami League party for the funeral . Salman Khurshid and Lal Krishna Advani were amongst the dignitaries at his funeral . Honours . Gujral has received several accolades and honours : Foreign honours . - Bangladesh Liberation War Honour ( Bangladesh Muktijuddho Sanmanona ) Autobiography . - , Hay House , India , 519 pages , Feb . 2011 . . Distributors : Penguin books , India . ( The only autobiography by an Indian PM ) External links . - PM Office
|
[
"Prime Minister of India"
] |
[
{
"text": " Inder Kumar Gujral ( 4 December 1919 – 30 November 2012 ) was an Indian diplomat , politician and freedom activist who served as the 12th Prime Minister of India from April 1997 to March 1998 .",
"title": "Inder Kumar Gujral"
},
{
"text": "Born in Punjab , he was influenced by nationalistic ideas as a student , and joined the All India Students Federation and the Communist Party of India . He was imprisoned for taking part in the Quit India movement . After independence , he joined the Indian National Congress party in 1964 , and became a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha .",
"title": "Inder Kumar Gujral"
},
{
"text": " He was the Minister of Information and Broadcasting during the emergency . In 1976 , he was appointed as the Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union . In 1996 , he became the Minister of External Affairs in the Deve Gowda ministry , and developed the Gujral doctrine during this period . He was appointed as the 12th Prime Minister of India in 1997 . His tenure lasted for less than a year .",
"title": "Inder Kumar Gujral"
},
{
"text": "He retired from all political positions in 1998 . He died in 2012 at the age of 92 , following hospitalization due to a lung infection .",
"title": "Inder Kumar Gujral"
},
{
"text": "Indra Kumar Gujral was born on 4 December 1919 in a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family to Avtar Narain and Pushpa Gujral in the village of Pari Darveza in the Sohawa Tehsil of the Jhelum District in undivided Punjab in British India , which is in present-day Punjab , Pakistan . He studied at D.A.V . College , Hailey College of Commerce and Forman Christian College , Lahore , all affiliated with the University of the Punjab . He was a member of All India Students Federation . He also participated in the Indian independence movement , and was jailed in",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": "1942 during the Quit India Movement . As a student , he became a member of the Communist Party of India . He also has two sisters , Uma Nanda and Sunita Judge . On 26 May 1945 , Inder Kumar Gujral married Sheila Gujral ( 24 January 1924 – 11 July 2011 ) and had two sons , Naresh Gujral ( born 19 May 1948 ) , who is a Rajya Sabha MP , and Vishal Gujral . IK Gujrals younger brother Satish Gujral was a world-renowned painter and sculptor .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": " Gujrals hobbies included poetry ; he spoke Urdu and was , after his death , eulogised as a lover of the language by Maulana Azad National Urdu University , an institution where he held the position of chancellor . His wife Sheila Gujral , an acclaimed poet , died on 11 July 2011 after an illness . The couple had two sons , Naresh , who is a Shiromani Akali Dal MP in the Rajya Sabha , and Vishal . The couple also have two granddaughters and a grandson .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "Gujral became vice-president of the New Delhi Municipal Committee in 1958 , and joined the Congress party ( INC ) in 1964 . He was close to Indira Gandhi , and became a member of the Rajya Sabha in April 1964 . During the Emergency of June 1975 , Gujral was Minister of Information and Broadcasting , where he was in charge of the media during a time of censorship in India and was in charge of Doordarshan . He again was selected to the Rajya Sabha to serve until 1976 . He also served as Water Resources Minister .",
"title": "Early politics"
},
{
"text": "Later , Gujral was appointed Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union by Indira Gandhi and stayed on during the tenures of Morarji Desai and Charan Singh . He was rumoured to have been shunted out of the ministry due to conflicts with the prime ministers son , Sanjay Gandhi , over media censorship , and was replaced by Vidya Charan Shukla , who had no qualms following party lines on the matter ; he was then moved to the Planning Ministry .",
"title": "Early politics"
},
{
"text": "Gujral resigned from the Indian National Congress party in the 1980s . Then he joined the Janata Dal . In the 1989 Indian general election , Gujral was elected from Jalandhar in Punjab . He served as Minister of External Affairs in Prime Minister V . P . Singhs eleventh cabinet of India . In 1989 , Singh sent him to Srinagar to negotiate with the perpetrators of the 1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed . He also brought about controversy during the Gulf War when he hugged Saddam Hussein as a show-of-good-faith to ensure Indian expatriates would be safe .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "In the 1991 Indian general election , Gujral contested from Patna in Bihar . However , the election was countermanded following complaints of irregularities . In 1992 , Gujral was selected to the Rajya Sabha with the help of Lalu Prasad Yadav .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": " Subsequent to the 1996 election , when the United Front government was formed under the premiership of H . D . Deve Gowda , Gujral was again named Minister of External Affairs . During this tenure , he developed the Gujral Doctrine which emphasised better relations with Indias neighbours and was refined when he became prime minister . He also served as Union Minister or Minister of State of several other portfolios—Communications and Parliamentary Affairs , Information and Broadcasting , Works and Housing and Planning .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "The Indian National Congress party had been supporting the United Front government from outside , but citing its wish to have the incumbent prime minister replaced , decided to withdraw support ; this led to the governments collapse in April 1997 . To avoid mid-term elections , a compromise was reached : the INC agreed to support another United Front government under a new leader , provided its concerns—such as not being consulted before taking important decisions and being marginalised—were addressed . The United Front elected Gujral as its new leader , and he was sworn in as Prime Minister",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "on 21 April 1997 .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "Gujral became prime minister as the consensus candidate between others that included Lalu Prasad Yadav , Mulayam Singh Yadav ; his government was supported by the INC from outside . In the early weeks of his tenure , the Central Bureau of Investigation asked for permission from the Governor of Bihar , A . R . Kidwai , to prosecute the state Chief Minister Lalu Prasad Yadav in a corruption case related to the Fodder Scam , a move that Kidwai sanctioned . Even legal scholars said that Yadav could not escape prosecution . Subsequently , the demand for the",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "resignation of Yadav was raised both from within and outside the United Front . United Front and Telugu Desam Party leader Chandrababu Naidu and Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) General Secretary Harkishen Singh Surjeet called for action against Yadav and for the resignation of other RJD members ; while the same was said by JD members Sharad Yadav , H . D . Deve Gowda and Ram Vilas Paswan who called for the dismissal of accused RJD members Kanti Singh , Raghuvansh Prasad Singh and Captain Jai Narain Nishad . Though INC chairperson Sitaram Kesri offered minor calls",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "for Yadavs resignation , Yadav then offered Gujral support to run from any Lok Sabha constituency in Bihar to get his support . Gujral , however , was silent on the matter , but later controversially transferred the CBI director Joginder Singh , who was investigating the case against Yadav , and replaced him with R . C . Sharma , who said Gujral would directly control the CBI and that the pace of investigating many sensational cases will definitely slacken now . However , Yadav was still expelled from the party by JD leader Sharad Yadav , before forming",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "his own Rashtriya Janata Dal in 1997 .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": " Another controversial decision of his government was its recommendation of Presidents rule in Uttar Pradesh in 1997 . The Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) Uttar Pradesh government , headed by Kalyan Singh , sought a vote of confidence after violence and unruly scenes took place in the assembly . However , President K.R . Narayanan refused to sign the recommendation and sent it back to the government for reconsideration . The Allahabad High Court also gave a decision against Presidents rule in Uttar Pradesh . He also resisted signing the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "On 28 August 1997 , the Jain Commission report was submitted to the government and was leaked on 16 November . The commission had inquired into the conspiracy aspects of the Rajiv Gandhi assassination and reportedly criticised the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( DMK ) , amongst others such as the Narasimha Rao government , for tacitly supporting Tamil militants accused in Gandhis assassination . The DMK was part of the ruling coalition at the center and had ministers in the Union Cabinet . The Congress first demanded the tabling of the report on the floor of the parliament , which",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "was refused by Gujral , who feared a battle between the DMK and the Tamil Maanila Congress would lead to the DMKs withdrawal from the government . Gujral later formed a Joint Parliamentary Committee to study the report after informing Sitaram Keshri of the decision , to which Keshri acceded . INC parliamentary party leader Sharad Pawar said they would call for the resignation of anyone implicated in the report . Gujral convened the government to inform them of the updates and said it supported the DMK . The DMKs Industry Minister Murasoli Maran said : We are part of",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "the United Front . We will stand and fall together . I am hundred per cent confident of that . If it were so easy to break the United Front , then it will be called the disunited front . No one is going to ditch their colleagues for a few loaves of power . We have no reason to quit at all . The report is full of recycled news . There is nothing startling about it , everybody already knows what the report is saying . A Madras court is expected to give its verdict on a criminal",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "case on the assassination on January 28 . Let us wait till then to know who was involved in the dastardly act . Until then , all this is disinformation . However , the Tamil Maanila Congress called for the DMK , which was in a coalition government in Tamil Nadu , to share all actions it would undertake . The report was tabled on 20 November 1997 . On the same day there were angry scenes in parliament , as the INC then called for the DMKs removal from the cabinet and refused to partake in any parliamentary debate",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "until that happened . Speaker P.A . Sangma then adjourned the house . The INC finally withdrew support from his government on 28 November after Gujral sent Kesri a letter saying he would not dismiss any DMK leaders . Gujral resigned following the withdrawal , and sent a letter to President K . R . Narayanan that read : My government has lost its majority and does not want to continue in office on moral grounds , but did not call for the dissolution of parliament . The president accepted the resignation , but asked for Gujral to stay on",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "in an interim capacity . INC General Secretary Oscar Fernandes then said : All the secular parties are welcome to support a government which will be attempted by the Congress . The United Fronts leader Chandrababu Naidu got the support of all the constituents saying they would neither support the INC nor the Bharatiya Janata Party , as did the TMC , saying they would not allow a U.P.-like situation to happen in the centre . In similar measure , BJP leader M . Venkaiah Naidu said the party would throttle INC attempts to form a new government . The",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "president then dissolved parliament on 4 December , triggering a snap election .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": " Gujral was the third PM to be from the Rajya Sabha , the first being Indira Gandhi ( January 1966 - March 1977 ) and the second H . D . Deve Gowda ( June 1996 - April 1997 ) and followed by Manmohan Singh ( May 2004 - May 2014 ) .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": " The Gujral Doctrine is a set of five principles to guide the conduct of foreign relations with Indias immediate neighbours , notably Pakistan , as spelt out by Gujral . The doctrine was later termed as such by journalist Bhabani Sen Gupta in his article , India in the Twenty First Century in International Affairs . These principles are , as he set out at Chatham House in September 1996 ( which he later reiterated at the Bandaranaike Centre for International Studies ) :",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": "He wrote in his autobiography of the doctrine : The logic behind the Gujral Doctrine was that since we had to face two hostile neighbours in the north and the west , we had to be at ‘total peace’ with all other immediate neighbours in order to contain Pakistans and Chinas influence in the region .",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": "Following a series of attacks throughout the 2000s , said by the Indian media and government to have originated from and been planned in Pakistan , culminating with the 2008 Mumbai attacks , the Gujral Doctrine was criticised by the Indian media . Following the attack , India Today said that targeted , covert strikes against Pakistani organisations such as Lashkar-e-Taiba were a capability that I.K . Gujral dismantled as prime minister over a decade ago will take over a year to rebuild . The major setback of the Gujral Doctrine is said to be the debilitating impact it had",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": "on the R&AWs ( Research and Analysis Wing ) ability to conduct operations in Pakistan . On his orders Pakistans special operations desk of R&AW was shut down leading to major gaps in Indias intelligence capabilities . Analysts have time and again blamed this as the foremost factor for Indias intelligence failure before the Kargil War commenced . It is said that this was because of Gujrals negligence towards such repercussions and his urge to leave an imprint on Indo-Pak relations that he did this . However , it was also praised in the media .",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": " The snap election was held in February–March 1998 . Gujral contested again from Jalandhar as Janata Dal candidate with the support of the Shiromani Akali Dal . The Akali Dal , though a part of BJP-led coalition , opted to support Gujral because during his Prime Ministerial tenure , Gujral declared that the central government will share the expenses against the insurgency in Punjab during the 1980s and early 1990s , along with the state government of Punjab . Gujral was a member of the Club de Madrid after his tenure as the Prime Minister ended .",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": "Gujral was admitted at Medanta Hospital in Gurgaon , Haryana ( part of the National Capital Region ) , on 19 November 2012 , after being diagnosed with a lung infection . He had suffered a serious chest infection a few days before being admitted to the hospital following more than a year of dialysis . His health deteriorated in the hospital and was reported to be very critical . On 27 November , he fell unconscious and his urine output system stopped working . Gujral died on 30 November 2012 , four days before his 93rd birthday . His",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": "body lay in state at his official residence , 5 Janpath , until noon the next day . The Government of India declared a seven-day period of state mourning and cancelled official functions until 6 December . He was given a state funeral at 15:00 on 1 December near Samata Sthal . His death was announced to parliament by Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde , following which both houses adjourned . On 3 December , condolence references were held for him .",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": "Reactions came from President Pranab Mukherjee , Prime Minister Manmohan Singh , Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar and RJD chairman Lalu Prasad Yadav . Other immediate reactions came from MPs : Law Minister Ashwani Kumar , Veerappa Moily , Ghulam Nabi Azad . Minister for New and Renewable Energy Dr . Farooq Abdullah offered his condolences and said Gujral was a politician , a diplomat and a humanist who would be remembered for his many accomplishments in the diplomatic and political arena ; while Minister of State for Chemicals and Fertilisers Srikant Kumar Jena said Gujral had an exceptional personality",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": ", courage and intellect and that : Today we feel extremely saddened on the demise of former Prime Minister Shri Inder Kumar Gujral , who was a man of exceptional courage and intellect . The Union Cabinet issued a statement that read : In his death , India has lost a great patriot , a visionary leader and a freedom fighter . INC chairperson Sonia Gandhi wrote to Gujrals son , MP Naresh Gujral : ...the late leader had the ability to win goodwill and friendship across the political spectrum . It is these qualities and the genuine warmth of",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": "his personality that made him such a widely admired and respected Prime Minister of India , MP and ambassador . Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa sent a message to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in which he wrote : Shri Gujral was ahead of his times in a rapidly globalising world . Sri Lanka will always remember with gratitude , Shri I K Gujrals contribution towards strengthening India-Sri Lanka relations and regional cooperation . Pakistani Prime Minister Raja Parvez Ashraf mentioned Gujrals admirable role in boosting India-Pakistan relations , while he also said South Asia had lost a noble and",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": "distinguished politician . Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina sent an unnamed senior leader of her Awami League party for the funeral . Salman Khurshid and Lal Krishna Advani were amongst the dignitaries at his funeral .",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": " - , Hay House , India , 519 pages , Feb . 2011 . . Distributors : Penguin books , India . ( The only autobiography by an Indian PM )",
"title": "Autobiography"
},
{
"text": " - PM Office",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral#P39#2
|
Inder Kumar Gujral took which position in Dec 1997?
|
Inder Kumar Gujral Inder Kumar Gujral ( 4 December 1919 – 30 November 2012 ) was an Indian diplomat , politician and freedom activist who served as the 12th Prime Minister of India from April 1997 to March 1998 . Born in Punjab , he was influenced by nationalistic ideas as a student , and joined the All India Students Federation and the Communist Party of India . He was imprisoned for taking part in the Quit India movement . After independence , he joined the Indian National Congress party in 1964 , and became a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha . He was the Minister of Information and Broadcasting during the emergency . In 1976 , he was appointed as the Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union . In 1996 , he became the Minister of External Affairs in the Deve Gowda ministry , and developed the Gujral doctrine during this period . He was appointed as the 12th Prime Minister of India in 1997 . His tenure lasted for less than a year . He retired from all political positions in 1998 . He died in 2012 at the age of 92 , following hospitalization due to a lung infection . Early and personal life . Family . Indra Kumar Gujral was born on 4 December 1919 in a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family to Avtar Narain and Pushpa Gujral in the village of Pari Darveza in the Sohawa Tehsil of the Jhelum District in undivided Punjab in British India , which is in present-day Punjab , Pakistan . He studied at D.A.V . College , Hailey College of Commerce and Forman Christian College , Lahore , all affiliated with the University of the Punjab . He was a member of All India Students Federation . He also participated in the Indian independence movement , and was jailed in 1942 during the Quit India Movement . As a student , he became a member of the Communist Party of India . He also has two sisters , Uma Nanda and Sunita Judge . On 26 May 1945 , Inder Kumar Gujral married Sheila Gujral ( 24 January 1924 – 11 July 2011 ) and had two sons , Naresh Gujral ( born 19 May 1948 ) , who is a Rajya Sabha MP , and Vishal Gujral . IK Gujrals younger brother Satish Gujral was a world-renowned painter and sculptor . Education . Gujrals hobbies included poetry ; he spoke Urdu and was , after his death , eulogised as a lover of the language by Maulana Azad National Urdu University , an institution where he held the position of chancellor . His wife Sheila Gujral , an acclaimed poet , died on 11 July 2011 after an illness . The couple had two sons , Naresh , who is a Shiromani Akali Dal MP in the Rajya Sabha , and Vishal . The couple also have two granddaughters and a grandson . Early politics . Gujral became vice-president of the New Delhi Municipal Committee in 1958 , and joined the Congress party ( INC ) in 1964 . He was close to Indira Gandhi , and became a member of the Rajya Sabha in April 1964 . During the Emergency of June 1975 , Gujral was Minister of Information and Broadcasting , where he was in charge of the media during a time of censorship in India and was in charge of Doordarshan . He again was selected to the Rajya Sabha to serve until 1976 . He also served as Water Resources Minister . Later , Gujral was appointed Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union by Indira Gandhi and stayed on during the tenures of Morarji Desai and Charan Singh . He was rumoured to have been shunted out of the ministry due to conflicts with the prime ministers son , Sanjay Gandhi , over media censorship , and was replaced by Vidya Charan Shukla , who had no qualms following party lines on the matter ; he was then moved to the Planning Ministry . Janata Dal . Gujral resigned from the Indian National Congress party in the 1980s . Then he joined the Janata Dal . In the 1989 Indian general election , Gujral was elected from Jalandhar in Punjab . He served as Minister of External Affairs in Prime Minister V . P . Singhs eleventh cabinet of India . In 1989 , Singh sent him to Srinagar to negotiate with the perpetrators of the 1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed . He also brought about controversy during the Gulf War when he hugged Saddam Hussein as a show-of-good-faith to ensure Indian expatriates would be safe . In the 1991 Indian general election , Gujral contested from Patna in Bihar . However , the election was countermanded following complaints of irregularities . In 1992 , Gujral was selected to the Rajya Sabha with the help of Lalu Prasad Yadav . Subsequent to the 1996 election , when the United Front government was formed under the premiership of H . D . Deve Gowda , Gujral was again named Minister of External Affairs . During this tenure , he developed the Gujral Doctrine which emphasised better relations with Indias neighbours and was refined when he became prime minister . He also served as Union Minister or Minister of State of several other portfolios—Communications and Parliamentary Affairs , Information and Broadcasting , Works and Housing and Planning . The Indian National Congress party had been supporting the United Front government from outside , but citing its wish to have the incumbent prime minister replaced , decided to withdraw support ; this led to the governments collapse in April 1997 . To avoid mid-term elections , a compromise was reached : the INC agreed to support another United Front government under a new leader , provided its concerns—such as not being consulted before taking important decisions and being marginalised—were addressed . The United Front elected Gujral as its new leader , and he was sworn in as Prime Minister on 21 April 1997 . Prime Minister ( 1997–1998 ) . Gujral became prime minister as the consensus candidate between others that included Lalu Prasad Yadav , Mulayam Singh Yadav ; his government was supported by the INC from outside . In the early weeks of his tenure , the Central Bureau of Investigation asked for permission from the Governor of Bihar , A . R . Kidwai , to prosecute the state Chief Minister Lalu Prasad Yadav in a corruption case related to the Fodder Scam , a move that Kidwai sanctioned . Even legal scholars said that Yadav could not escape prosecution . Subsequently , the demand for the resignation of Yadav was raised both from within and outside the United Front . United Front and Telugu Desam Party leader Chandrababu Naidu and Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) General Secretary Harkishen Singh Surjeet called for action against Yadav and for the resignation of other RJD members ; while the same was said by JD members Sharad Yadav , H . D . Deve Gowda and Ram Vilas Paswan who called for the dismissal of accused RJD members Kanti Singh , Raghuvansh Prasad Singh and Captain Jai Narain Nishad . Though INC chairperson Sitaram Kesri offered minor calls for Yadavs resignation , Yadav then offered Gujral support to run from any Lok Sabha constituency in Bihar to get his support . Gujral , however , was silent on the matter , but later controversially transferred the CBI director Joginder Singh , who was investigating the case against Yadav , and replaced him with R . C . Sharma , who said Gujral would directly control the CBI and that the pace of investigating many sensational cases will definitely slacken now . However , Yadav was still expelled from the party by JD leader Sharad Yadav , before forming his own Rashtriya Janata Dal in 1997 . Another controversial decision of his government was its recommendation of Presidents rule in Uttar Pradesh in 1997 . The Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) Uttar Pradesh government , headed by Kalyan Singh , sought a vote of confidence after violence and unruly scenes took place in the assembly . However , President K.R . Narayanan refused to sign the recommendation and sent it back to the government for reconsideration . The Allahabad High Court also gave a decision against Presidents rule in Uttar Pradesh . He also resisted signing the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty . On 28 August 1997 , the Jain Commission report was submitted to the government and was leaked on 16 November . The commission had inquired into the conspiracy aspects of the Rajiv Gandhi assassination and reportedly criticised the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( DMK ) , amongst others such as the Narasimha Rao government , for tacitly supporting Tamil militants accused in Gandhis assassination . The DMK was part of the ruling coalition at the center and had ministers in the Union Cabinet . The Congress first demanded the tabling of the report on the floor of the parliament , which was refused by Gujral , who feared a battle between the DMK and the Tamil Maanila Congress would lead to the DMKs withdrawal from the government . Gujral later formed a Joint Parliamentary Committee to study the report after informing Sitaram Keshri of the decision , to which Keshri acceded . INC parliamentary party leader Sharad Pawar said they would call for the resignation of anyone implicated in the report . Gujral convened the government to inform them of the updates and said it supported the DMK . The DMKs Industry Minister Murasoli Maran said : We are part of the United Front . We will stand and fall together . I am hundred per cent confident of that . If it were so easy to break the United Front , then it will be called the disunited front . No one is going to ditch their colleagues for a few loaves of power . We have no reason to quit at all . The report is full of recycled news . There is nothing startling about it , everybody already knows what the report is saying . A Madras court is expected to give its verdict on a criminal case on the assassination on January 28 . Let us wait till then to know who was involved in the dastardly act . Until then , all this is disinformation . However , the Tamil Maanila Congress called for the DMK , which was in a coalition government in Tamil Nadu , to share all actions it would undertake . The report was tabled on 20 November 1997 . On the same day there were angry scenes in parliament , as the INC then called for the DMKs removal from the cabinet and refused to partake in any parliamentary debate until that happened . Speaker P.A . Sangma then adjourned the house . The INC finally withdrew support from his government on 28 November after Gujral sent Kesri a letter saying he would not dismiss any DMK leaders . Gujral resigned following the withdrawal , and sent a letter to President K . R . Narayanan that read : My government has lost its majority and does not want to continue in office on moral grounds , but did not call for the dissolution of parliament . The president accepted the resignation , but asked for Gujral to stay on in an interim capacity . INC General Secretary Oscar Fernandes then said : All the secular parties are welcome to support a government which will be attempted by the Congress . The United Fronts leader Chandrababu Naidu got the support of all the constituents saying they would neither support the INC nor the Bharatiya Janata Party , as did the TMC , saying they would not allow a U.P.-like situation to happen in the centre . In similar measure , BJP leader M . Venkaiah Naidu said the party would throttle INC attempts to form a new government . The president then dissolved parliament on 4 December , triggering a snap election . Gujral was the third PM to be from the Rajya Sabha , the first being Indira Gandhi ( January 1966 - March 1977 ) and the second H . D . Deve Gowda ( June 1996 - April 1997 ) and followed by Manmohan Singh ( May 2004 - May 2014 ) . Gujral Doctrine . The Gujral Doctrine is a set of five principles to guide the conduct of foreign relations with Indias immediate neighbours , notably Pakistan , as spelt out by Gujral . The doctrine was later termed as such by journalist Bhabani Sen Gupta in his article , India in the Twenty First Century in International Affairs . These principles are , as he set out at Chatham House in September 1996 ( which he later reiterated at the Bandaranaike Centre for International Studies ) : He wrote in his autobiography of the doctrine : The logic behind the Gujral Doctrine was that since we had to face two hostile neighbours in the north and the west , we had to be at ‘total peace’ with all other immediate neighbours in order to contain Pakistans and Chinas influence in the region . Following a series of attacks throughout the 2000s , said by the Indian media and government to have originated from and been planned in Pakistan , culminating with the 2008 Mumbai attacks , the Gujral Doctrine was criticised by the Indian media . Following the attack , India Today said that targeted , covert strikes against Pakistani organisations such as Lashkar-e-Taiba were a capability that I.K . Gujral dismantled as prime minister over a decade ago will take over a year to rebuild . The major setback of the Gujral Doctrine is said to be the debilitating impact it had on the R&AWs ( Research and Analysis Wing ) ability to conduct operations in Pakistan . On his orders Pakistans special operations desk of R&AW was shut down leading to major gaps in Indias intelligence capabilities . Analysts have time and again blamed this as the foremost factor for Indias intelligence failure before the Kargil War commenced . It is said that this was because of Gujrals negligence towards such repercussions and his urge to leave an imprint on Indo-Pak relations that he did this . However , it was also praised in the media . The snap election was held in February–March 1998 . Gujral contested again from Jalandhar as Janata Dal candidate with the support of the Shiromani Akali Dal . The Akali Dal , though a part of BJP-led coalition , opted to support Gujral because during his Prime Ministerial tenure , Gujral declared that the central government will share the expenses against the insurgency in Punjab during the 1980s and early 1990s , along with the state government of Punjab . Gujral was a member of the Club de Madrid after his tenure as the Prime Minister ended . Illness and death . Gujral was admitted at Medanta Hospital in Gurgaon , Haryana ( part of the National Capital Region ) , on 19 November 2012 , after being diagnosed with a lung infection . He had suffered a serious chest infection a few days before being admitted to the hospital following more than a year of dialysis . His health deteriorated in the hospital and was reported to be very critical . On 27 November , he fell unconscious and his urine output system stopped working . Gujral died on 30 November 2012 , four days before his 93rd birthday . His body lay in state at his official residence , 5 Janpath , until noon the next day . The Government of India declared a seven-day period of state mourning and cancelled official functions until 6 December . He was given a state funeral at 15:00 on 1 December near Samata Sthal . His death was announced to parliament by Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde , following which both houses adjourned . On 3 December , condolence references were held for him . Reactions came from President Pranab Mukherjee , Prime Minister Manmohan Singh , Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar and RJD chairman Lalu Prasad Yadav . Other immediate reactions came from MPs : Law Minister Ashwani Kumar , Veerappa Moily , Ghulam Nabi Azad . Minister for New and Renewable Energy Dr . Farooq Abdullah offered his condolences and said Gujral was a politician , a diplomat and a humanist who would be remembered for his many accomplishments in the diplomatic and political arena ; while Minister of State for Chemicals and Fertilisers Srikant Kumar Jena said Gujral had an exceptional personality , courage and intellect and that : Today we feel extremely saddened on the demise of former Prime Minister Shri Inder Kumar Gujral , who was a man of exceptional courage and intellect . The Union Cabinet issued a statement that read : In his death , India has lost a great patriot , a visionary leader and a freedom fighter . INC chairperson Sonia Gandhi wrote to Gujrals son , MP Naresh Gujral : ...the late leader had the ability to win goodwill and friendship across the political spectrum . It is these qualities and the genuine warmth of his personality that made him such a widely admired and respected Prime Minister of India , MP and ambassador . Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa sent a message to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in which he wrote : Shri Gujral was ahead of his times in a rapidly globalising world . Sri Lanka will always remember with gratitude , Shri I K Gujrals contribution towards strengthening India-Sri Lanka relations and regional cooperation . Pakistani Prime Minister Raja Parvez Ashraf mentioned Gujrals admirable role in boosting India-Pakistan relations , while he also said South Asia had lost a noble and distinguished politician . Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina sent an unnamed senior leader of her Awami League party for the funeral . Salman Khurshid and Lal Krishna Advani were amongst the dignitaries at his funeral . Honours . Gujral has received several accolades and honours : Foreign honours . - Bangladesh Liberation War Honour ( Bangladesh Muktijuddho Sanmanona ) Autobiography . - , Hay House , India , 519 pages , Feb . 2011 . . Distributors : Penguin books , India . ( The only autobiography by an Indian PM ) External links . - PM Office
|
[
"Prime Minister"
] |
[
{
"text": " Inder Kumar Gujral ( 4 December 1919 – 30 November 2012 ) was an Indian diplomat , politician and freedom activist who served as the 12th Prime Minister of India from April 1997 to March 1998 .",
"title": "Inder Kumar Gujral"
},
{
"text": "Born in Punjab , he was influenced by nationalistic ideas as a student , and joined the All India Students Federation and the Communist Party of India . He was imprisoned for taking part in the Quit India movement . After independence , he joined the Indian National Congress party in 1964 , and became a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha .",
"title": "Inder Kumar Gujral"
},
{
"text": " He was the Minister of Information and Broadcasting during the emergency . In 1976 , he was appointed as the Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union . In 1996 , he became the Minister of External Affairs in the Deve Gowda ministry , and developed the Gujral doctrine during this period . He was appointed as the 12th Prime Minister of India in 1997 . His tenure lasted for less than a year .",
"title": "Inder Kumar Gujral"
},
{
"text": "He retired from all political positions in 1998 . He died in 2012 at the age of 92 , following hospitalization due to a lung infection .",
"title": "Inder Kumar Gujral"
},
{
"text": "Indra Kumar Gujral was born on 4 December 1919 in a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family to Avtar Narain and Pushpa Gujral in the village of Pari Darveza in the Sohawa Tehsil of the Jhelum District in undivided Punjab in British India , which is in present-day Punjab , Pakistan . He studied at D.A.V . College , Hailey College of Commerce and Forman Christian College , Lahore , all affiliated with the University of the Punjab . He was a member of All India Students Federation . He also participated in the Indian independence movement , and was jailed in",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": "1942 during the Quit India Movement . As a student , he became a member of the Communist Party of India . He also has two sisters , Uma Nanda and Sunita Judge . On 26 May 1945 , Inder Kumar Gujral married Sheila Gujral ( 24 January 1924 – 11 July 2011 ) and had two sons , Naresh Gujral ( born 19 May 1948 ) , who is a Rajya Sabha MP , and Vishal Gujral . IK Gujrals younger brother Satish Gujral was a world-renowned painter and sculptor .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"text": " Gujrals hobbies included poetry ; he spoke Urdu and was , after his death , eulogised as a lover of the language by Maulana Azad National Urdu University , an institution where he held the position of chancellor . His wife Sheila Gujral , an acclaimed poet , died on 11 July 2011 after an illness . The couple had two sons , Naresh , who is a Shiromani Akali Dal MP in the Rajya Sabha , and Vishal . The couple also have two granddaughters and a grandson .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "Gujral became vice-president of the New Delhi Municipal Committee in 1958 , and joined the Congress party ( INC ) in 1964 . He was close to Indira Gandhi , and became a member of the Rajya Sabha in April 1964 . During the Emergency of June 1975 , Gujral was Minister of Information and Broadcasting , where he was in charge of the media during a time of censorship in India and was in charge of Doordarshan . He again was selected to the Rajya Sabha to serve until 1976 . He also served as Water Resources Minister .",
"title": "Early politics"
},
{
"text": "Later , Gujral was appointed Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union by Indira Gandhi and stayed on during the tenures of Morarji Desai and Charan Singh . He was rumoured to have been shunted out of the ministry due to conflicts with the prime ministers son , Sanjay Gandhi , over media censorship , and was replaced by Vidya Charan Shukla , who had no qualms following party lines on the matter ; he was then moved to the Planning Ministry .",
"title": "Early politics"
},
{
"text": "Gujral resigned from the Indian National Congress party in the 1980s . Then he joined the Janata Dal . In the 1989 Indian general election , Gujral was elected from Jalandhar in Punjab . He served as Minister of External Affairs in Prime Minister V . P . Singhs eleventh cabinet of India . In 1989 , Singh sent him to Srinagar to negotiate with the perpetrators of the 1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed . He also brought about controversy during the Gulf War when he hugged Saddam Hussein as a show-of-good-faith to ensure Indian expatriates would be safe .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "In the 1991 Indian general election , Gujral contested from Patna in Bihar . However , the election was countermanded following complaints of irregularities . In 1992 , Gujral was selected to the Rajya Sabha with the help of Lalu Prasad Yadav .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": " Subsequent to the 1996 election , when the United Front government was formed under the premiership of H . D . Deve Gowda , Gujral was again named Minister of External Affairs . During this tenure , he developed the Gujral Doctrine which emphasised better relations with Indias neighbours and was refined when he became prime minister . He also served as Union Minister or Minister of State of several other portfolios—Communications and Parliamentary Affairs , Information and Broadcasting , Works and Housing and Planning .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "The Indian National Congress party had been supporting the United Front government from outside , but citing its wish to have the incumbent prime minister replaced , decided to withdraw support ; this led to the governments collapse in April 1997 . To avoid mid-term elections , a compromise was reached : the INC agreed to support another United Front government under a new leader , provided its concerns—such as not being consulted before taking important decisions and being marginalised—were addressed . The United Front elected Gujral as its new leader , and he was sworn in as Prime Minister",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "on 21 April 1997 .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "Gujral became prime minister as the consensus candidate between others that included Lalu Prasad Yadav , Mulayam Singh Yadav ; his government was supported by the INC from outside . In the early weeks of his tenure , the Central Bureau of Investigation asked for permission from the Governor of Bihar , A . R . Kidwai , to prosecute the state Chief Minister Lalu Prasad Yadav in a corruption case related to the Fodder Scam , a move that Kidwai sanctioned . Even legal scholars said that Yadav could not escape prosecution . Subsequently , the demand for the",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "resignation of Yadav was raised both from within and outside the United Front . United Front and Telugu Desam Party leader Chandrababu Naidu and Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) General Secretary Harkishen Singh Surjeet called for action against Yadav and for the resignation of other RJD members ; while the same was said by JD members Sharad Yadav , H . D . Deve Gowda and Ram Vilas Paswan who called for the dismissal of accused RJD members Kanti Singh , Raghuvansh Prasad Singh and Captain Jai Narain Nishad . Though INC chairperson Sitaram Kesri offered minor calls",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "for Yadavs resignation , Yadav then offered Gujral support to run from any Lok Sabha constituency in Bihar to get his support . Gujral , however , was silent on the matter , but later controversially transferred the CBI director Joginder Singh , who was investigating the case against Yadav , and replaced him with R . C . Sharma , who said Gujral would directly control the CBI and that the pace of investigating many sensational cases will definitely slacken now . However , Yadav was still expelled from the party by JD leader Sharad Yadav , before forming",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "his own Rashtriya Janata Dal in 1997 .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": " Another controversial decision of his government was its recommendation of Presidents rule in Uttar Pradesh in 1997 . The Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) Uttar Pradesh government , headed by Kalyan Singh , sought a vote of confidence after violence and unruly scenes took place in the assembly . However , President K.R . Narayanan refused to sign the recommendation and sent it back to the government for reconsideration . The Allahabad High Court also gave a decision against Presidents rule in Uttar Pradesh . He also resisted signing the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "On 28 August 1997 , the Jain Commission report was submitted to the government and was leaked on 16 November . The commission had inquired into the conspiracy aspects of the Rajiv Gandhi assassination and reportedly criticised the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( DMK ) , amongst others such as the Narasimha Rao government , for tacitly supporting Tamil militants accused in Gandhis assassination . The DMK was part of the ruling coalition at the center and had ministers in the Union Cabinet . The Congress first demanded the tabling of the report on the floor of the parliament , which",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "was refused by Gujral , who feared a battle between the DMK and the Tamil Maanila Congress would lead to the DMKs withdrawal from the government . Gujral later formed a Joint Parliamentary Committee to study the report after informing Sitaram Keshri of the decision , to which Keshri acceded . INC parliamentary party leader Sharad Pawar said they would call for the resignation of anyone implicated in the report . Gujral convened the government to inform them of the updates and said it supported the DMK . The DMKs Industry Minister Murasoli Maran said : We are part of",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "the United Front . We will stand and fall together . I am hundred per cent confident of that . If it were so easy to break the United Front , then it will be called the disunited front . No one is going to ditch their colleagues for a few loaves of power . We have no reason to quit at all . The report is full of recycled news . There is nothing startling about it , everybody already knows what the report is saying . A Madras court is expected to give its verdict on a criminal",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "case on the assassination on January 28 . Let us wait till then to know who was involved in the dastardly act . Until then , all this is disinformation . However , the Tamil Maanila Congress called for the DMK , which was in a coalition government in Tamil Nadu , to share all actions it would undertake . The report was tabled on 20 November 1997 . On the same day there were angry scenes in parliament , as the INC then called for the DMKs removal from the cabinet and refused to partake in any parliamentary debate",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "until that happened . Speaker P.A . Sangma then adjourned the house . The INC finally withdrew support from his government on 28 November after Gujral sent Kesri a letter saying he would not dismiss any DMK leaders . Gujral resigned following the withdrawal , and sent a letter to President K . R . Narayanan that read : My government has lost its majority and does not want to continue in office on moral grounds , but did not call for the dissolution of parliament . The president accepted the resignation , but asked for Gujral to stay on",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "in an interim capacity . INC General Secretary Oscar Fernandes then said : All the secular parties are welcome to support a government which will be attempted by the Congress . The United Fronts leader Chandrababu Naidu got the support of all the constituents saying they would neither support the INC nor the Bharatiya Janata Party , as did the TMC , saying they would not allow a U.P.-like situation to happen in the centre . In similar measure , BJP leader M . Venkaiah Naidu said the party would throttle INC attempts to form a new government . The",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": "president then dissolved parliament on 4 December , triggering a snap election .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": " Gujral was the third PM to be from the Rajya Sabha , the first being Indira Gandhi ( January 1966 - March 1977 ) and the second H . D . Deve Gowda ( June 1996 - April 1997 ) and followed by Manmohan Singh ( May 2004 - May 2014 ) .",
"title": "Janata Dal"
},
{
"text": " The Gujral Doctrine is a set of five principles to guide the conduct of foreign relations with Indias immediate neighbours , notably Pakistan , as spelt out by Gujral . The doctrine was later termed as such by journalist Bhabani Sen Gupta in his article , India in the Twenty First Century in International Affairs . These principles are , as he set out at Chatham House in September 1996 ( which he later reiterated at the Bandaranaike Centre for International Studies ) :",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": "He wrote in his autobiography of the doctrine : The logic behind the Gujral Doctrine was that since we had to face two hostile neighbours in the north and the west , we had to be at ‘total peace’ with all other immediate neighbours in order to contain Pakistans and Chinas influence in the region .",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": "Following a series of attacks throughout the 2000s , said by the Indian media and government to have originated from and been planned in Pakistan , culminating with the 2008 Mumbai attacks , the Gujral Doctrine was criticised by the Indian media . Following the attack , India Today said that targeted , covert strikes against Pakistani organisations such as Lashkar-e-Taiba were a capability that I.K . Gujral dismantled as prime minister over a decade ago will take over a year to rebuild . The major setback of the Gujral Doctrine is said to be the debilitating impact it had",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": "on the R&AWs ( Research and Analysis Wing ) ability to conduct operations in Pakistan . On his orders Pakistans special operations desk of R&AW was shut down leading to major gaps in Indias intelligence capabilities . Analysts have time and again blamed this as the foremost factor for Indias intelligence failure before the Kargil War commenced . It is said that this was because of Gujrals negligence towards such repercussions and his urge to leave an imprint on Indo-Pak relations that he did this . However , it was also praised in the media .",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": " The snap election was held in February–March 1998 . Gujral contested again from Jalandhar as Janata Dal candidate with the support of the Shiromani Akali Dal . The Akali Dal , though a part of BJP-led coalition , opted to support Gujral because during his Prime Ministerial tenure , Gujral declared that the central government will share the expenses against the insurgency in Punjab during the 1980s and early 1990s , along with the state government of Punjab . Gujral was a member of the Club de Madrid after his tenure as the Prime Minister ended .",
"title": "Gujral Doctrine"
},
{
"text": "Gujral was admitted at Medanta Hospital in Gurgaon , Haryana ( part of the National Capital Region ) , on 19 November 2012 , after being diagnosed with a lung infection . He had suffered a serious chest infection a few days before being admitted to the hospital following more than a year of dialysis . His health deteriorated in the hospital and was reported to be very critical . On 27 November , he fell unconscious and his urine output system stopped working . Gujral died on 30 November 2012 , four days before his 93rd birthday . His",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": "body lay in state at his official residence , 5 Janpath , until noon the next day . The Government of India declared a seven-day period of state mourning and cancelled official functions until 6 December . He was given a state funeral at 15:00 on 1 December near Samata Sthal . His death was announced to parliament by Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde , following which both houses adjourned . On 3 December , condolence references were held for him .",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": "Reactions came from President Pranab Mukherjee , Prime Minister Manmohan Singh , Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar and RJD chairman Lalu Prasad Yadav . Other immediate reactions came from MPs : Law Minister Ashwani Kumar , Veerappa Moily , Ghulam Nabi Azad . Minister for New and Renewable Energy Dr . Farooq Abdullah offered his condolences and said Gujral was a politician , a diplomat and a humanist who would be remembered for his many accomplishments in the diplomatic and political arena ; while Minister of State for Chemicals and Fertilisers Srikant Kumar Jena said Gujral had an exceptional personality",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": ", courage and intellect and that : Today we feel extremely saddened on the demise of former Prime Minister Shri Inder Kumar Gujral , who was a man of exceptional courage and intellect . The Union Cabinet issued a statement that read : In his death , India has lost a great patriot , a visionary leader and a freedom fighter . INC chairperson Sonia Gandhi wrote to Gujrals son , MP Naresh Gujral : ...the late leader had the ability to win goodwill and friendship across the political spectrum . It is these qualities and the genuine warmth of",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": "his personality that made him such a widely admired and respected Prime Minister of India , MP and ambassador . Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa sent a message to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in which he wrote : Shri Gujral was ahead of his times in a rapidly globalising world . Sri Lanka will always remember with gratitude , Shri I K Gujrals contribution towards strengthening India-Sri Lanka relations and regional cooperation . Pakistani Prime Minister Raja Parvez Ashraf mentioned Gujrals admirable role in boosting India-Pakistan relations , while he also said South Asia had lost a noble and",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": "distinguished politician . Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina sent an unnamed senior leader of her Awami League party for the funeral . Salman Khurshid and Lal Krishna Advani were amongst the dignitaries at his funeral .",
"title": "Illness and death"
},
{
"text": " - , Hay House , India , 519 pages , Feb . 2011 . . Distributors : Penguin books , India . ( The only autobiography by an Indian PM )",
"title": "Autobiography"
},
{
"text": " - PM Office",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Falls_of_Clyde_(ship)#P127#0
|
Who owned Falls of Clyde (ship) between Apr 1903 and Oct 1903?
|
Falls of Clyde ( ship ) Falls of Clyde is the last surviving iron-hulled , four-masted full-rigged ship , and the only remaining sail-driven oil tanker . Designated a U.S . National Historic Landmark in 1989 , she is now a museum ship in Honolulu , but her condition has deteriorated . She is currently not open to the public . In September 2008 , ownership was transferred to a new nonprofit organization , the Friends of Falls of Clyde , which intends to restore her . Efforts to raise $1.5 million to get the ship into drydock have not succeeded . An additional $30 million may be needed to fully restore the ship . On February 7 , 2019 the Hawaii Department of Transportation put the ship up for auction , but did not receive any qualified bids . History . Falls of Clyde was built in 1878 by Russell and Company in Port Glasgow , Inverclyde , Scotland . She was launched as the first of nine iron-hulled four-masted ships for Wright and Breakenridges Falls Line . She was named after the Falls of Clyde , a group of waterfalls on the River Clyde , and built to the highest standard for general worldwide trade , Lloyds Register A-1 . Her maiden voyage took her to Karachi , now in Pakistan , and her first six years were spent engaged in the India trade . She then became a tramp pursuing general cargo such as lumber , jute , cement , and wheat from ports in Australia , California , India , New Zealand , and the British Isles . After twenty-one years as a British merchantman , Falls of Clyde was purchased for US$25,000 by Captain William Matson of the Matson Navigation Company , taken to Honolulu in 1899 , and registered under the Hawaiian flag . When the Republic of Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1900 , it took a special act of the United States Congress to secure the foreign-built ship the right to sail as an American flag vessel . To economize on crew , Matson rigged Falls of Clyde down as a barque , replacing the five yards on her ( jigger ) mast with two more easily managed fore-and-aft sails . At the same time , he added a deckhouse , charthouse , and rearranged the after quarters to accommodate paying passengers . From 1899 to 1907 , she made over sixty voyages between Hilo , Hawaii , and San Francisco , California , carrying general merchandise west , sugar east , and passengers both ways . She developed a reputation as a handy , fast , and commodious vessel , averaging 17 days each way on her voyages . In 1907 , the Associated Oil Company ( later Tidewater Oil ) bought Falls of Clyde and converted her to a bulk oil tanker with a capacity of . Ten large steel tanks were built into her hull , and a pump room , boiler and generator fitted forward of an oil-tight bulkhead . In this configuration she brought kerosene to Hawaii and returned to California with molasses for cattle feed . In 1927 , she was sold to the General Petroleum Company , her masts cut down , and converted into a floating fuel depot in Alaska . In 1959 she was purchased by William Mitchell , who towed her to Seattle , Washington , intending to sell her to a preservation group . Mitchells plan fell through and subsequent efforts by Karl Kortum , director of the San Francisco Maritime Museum , and Fred Klebingat , who had sailed in her as chief mate in 1915 , to place her in Long Beach , California , or Los Angeles , California , were similarly disappointed . In 1963 , the bank holding the mortgage on Falls of Clyde decided to sell her to be sunk as part of a breakwater at Vancouver , British Columbia . Kortum and Klebingat aroused interest in the ship in Hawaii , and within days of the scheduled scuttling raised funds to buy the ship . At the end of October 1963 , Falls of Clyde was taken under tow bound for Honolulu . Museum ship and controversy . Falls of Clyde was given to the Bishop Museum and opened to the public in 1968 . In 1970 the grandson of original 19th century designer William Lithgow was engaged to assist in her restoration as a full-rigged ship . Support came from Sir William Lithgow , the shipbuilder and industrialist , whose Port Glasgow shipyard donated new steel masts , and topgallants , jib and spanker booms of Oregon pine . In 1973 the ship was entered into the National Register of Historic Places , and declared a U.S . National Historic Landmark in 1989 . The ship is now in poor condition . Causes of the deterioration of the ship are multiple . The ship has not been dry docked for a long time . Sandblasting arguably damaged the ship . Preventive maintenance was not performed , although it would have been relatively inexpensive . In fact , her long-time owner , the Bishop Museum , has been accused of incompetence and dishonesty for raising $600,000 to preserve the ship but then spending only about half that , and for other decisions on how the money that was spent . In 2008 , the Bishop Museum announced plans to sink her by the end of the year unless private funds were raised for an endowment for her perpetual care . In September 2008 the Bishop Museum was persuaded to transfer ownership to the non-profit group Friends of Falls of Clyde , which intends to restore her . However , many artifacts and fixtures had been given away , taken , or otherwise disappeared on the assumption that the ship was to be scuttled . $350,000 was obtained from the Robert J . Pfeiffer Foundation , but hoped-for federal funds under the Save Americas Treasures program or other programs did not come through . In each year since 2008 , the Foundation has hoped to get her into drydock but has not succeeded . In June 2016 Harbors Division of the Hawaii Department of Transportation revoked the permit for her to moor at Pier 7 , citing safety and security risks to port users . The Foundation has challenged the Harbors Divisions assessment of the ship . Restoration and repatriation efforts . In August 2016 a group based in Glasgow , Scotland launched the Save Falls of Clyde – International ( FOCI ) Campaign , with a view to have her returned to Scotland where she was originally built . Initially , they answered a call for help from the charity known as the ‘Friends of the Falls of Clyde’ ( FFOC ) who owned and wanted to save the FOC from being scuttled by the Hawaiian Harbours Department . They quickly put together a plan to get her back to Scotland attempting to work with the Hawaiian Harbours department and building and executing a plan . Current efforts . The Hawaiian Harbors department has now filed for a disposal notice to the state department of historic artefacts . As the ship has been in Hawaii for over 50 years , it is now considered to be of cultural and historic importance , and the department has advised FOCI that the easiest way to take control of the Falls of Clyde is to bid as part of the disposal process . FOCI intends to bid , and has advised DOT harbours accordingly . Their proposal is to remove the FOC and repurpose her in a way that protects her heritage , but also offers a future that will support the marine environment and serve future generations of communities around the world . It appears that the state department for historic artefacts as well as the United States Coast Guard ( USCG ) and the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) are not happy that disposal is the only course of action . The coast guard has the final sign off on the entire process and the understanding is that they are not happy for an unnecessary and dangerous step to be taken when there is an option to remove her safely on the table . The biggest fear is that the ship may sink in the narrow channel entrance or just outside the harbour ; blocking Honolulu harbour for at least 6–12 months while a salvage operation takes place . FOCI have also been working with the support of the U.S . National Historic Maritime Society , seeking support from the National Park Service for their plans to repatriate her to Scotland . The ship is a registered National Historic Landmark . In Honolulu , Foss Marine , The Honolulu Pilots Association and others are offering their services and staff to support the operation . FOCI currently have an agreement in place with another lift ship company ( Roll Dock ) to take the FOC home in June 2020 . However , due to the coronavirus outbreak , this is unlikely and the job has been pushed back to September 2020 . In Scotland they have been , and are currently in , discussions with Inverclyde Council , Scotgov , Peel Ports , Strathclyde University , Caledonian University , Clyde Marine , Malin Group , Cleanships , Scottish Maritime Museum , Historic Environment Scotland , A.B.P. , Glasgow Chambers of Commerce , North Ayrshire Council , Radio Clyde , The Clutha Trust , Crossroads and other groups to prepare for her arrival on the Clyde . Uses in popular culture . - The ship appears as a filming location in Magnum , P.I. , Season 2 , Episodes 5 and 6 , Memories are Forever ( November 5 , 1981 ) and Season 6 , Episode 10 , Blood and Honor ( November 21 , 1985 ) . External links . - Hawai`i Maritime Center - Maritime Heritage Program Information for the Falls of Clyde - Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum - Falls of Clyde on HawaiiWeb - Friends of Falls of Clyde website - Falls of Clyde International Ltd
|
[
"Captain William Matson of the Matson Navigation Company"
] |
[
{
"text": "Falls of Clyde is the last surviving iron-hulled , four-masted full-rigged ship , and the only remaining sail-driven oil tanker . Designated a U.S . National Historic Landmark in 1989 , she is now a museum ship in Honolulu , but her condition has deteriorated . She is currently not open to the public . In September 2008 , ownership was transferred to a new nonprofit organization , the Friends of Falls of Clyde , which intends to restore her . Efforts to raise $1.5 million to get the ship into drydock have not succeeded . An additional $30 million",
"title": "Falls of Clyde ( ship )"
},
{
"text": "may be needed to fully restore the ship . On February 7 , 2019 the Hawaii Department of Transportation put the ship up for auction , but did not receive any qualified bids .",
"title": "Falls of Clyde ( ship )"
},
{
"text": "Falls of Clyde was built in 1878 by Russell and Company in Port Glasgow , Inverclyde , Scotland . She was launched as the first of nine iron-hulled four-masted ships for Wright and Breakenridges Falls Line . She was named after the Falls of Clyde , a group of waterfalls on the River Clyde , and built to the highest standard for general worldwide trade , Lloyds Register A-1 . Her maiden voyage took her to Karachi , now in Pakistan , and her first six years were spent engaged in the India trade . She then became a tramp",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "pursuing general cargo such as lumber , jute , cement , and wheat from ports in Australia , California , India , New Zealand , and the British Isles .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " After twenty-one years as a British merchantman , Falls of Clyde was purchased for US$25,000 by Captain William Matson of the Matson Navigation Company , taken to Honolulu in 1899 , and registered under the Hawaiian flag . When the Republic of Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1900 , it took a special act of the United States Congress to secure the foreign-built ship the right to sail as an American flag vessel .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "To economize on crew , Matson rigged Falls of Clyde down as a barque , replacing the five yards on her ( jigger ) mast with two more easily managed fore-and-aft sails . At the same time , he added a deckhouse , charthouse , and rearranged the after quarters to accommodate paying passengers . From 1899 to 1907 , she made over sixty voyages between Hilo , Hawaii , and San Francisco , California , carrying general merchandise west , sugar east , and passengers both ways . She developed a reputation as a handy , fast , and",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "commodious vessel , averaging 17 days each way on her voyages .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1907 , the Associated Oil Company ( later Tidewater Oil ) bought Falls of Clyde and converted her to a bulk oil tanker with a capacity of . Ten large steel tanks were built into her hull , and a pump room , boiler and generator fitted forward of an oil-tight bulkhead . In this configuration she brought kerosene to Hawaii and returned to California with molasses for cattle feed .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1927 , she was sold to the General Petroleum Company , her masts cut down , and converted into a floating fuel depot in Alaska . In 1959 she was purchased by William Mitchell , who towed her to Seattle , Washington , intending to sell her to a preservation group . Mitchells plan fell through and subsequent efforts by Karl Kortum , director of the San Francisco Maritime Museum , and Fred Klebingat , who had sailed in her as chief mate in 1915 , to place her in Long Beach , California , or Los Angeles ,",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "California , were similarly disappointed .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1963 , the bank holding the mortgage on Falls of Clyde decided to sell her to be sunk as part of a breakwater at Vancouver , British Columbia . Kortum and Klebingat aroused interest in the ship in Hawaii , and within days of the scheduled scuttling raised funds to buy the ship . At the end of October 1963 , Falls of Clyde was taken under tow bound for Honolulu . Museum ship and controversy .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Falls of Clyde was given to the Bishop Museum and opened to the public in 1968 . In 1970 the grandson of original 19th century designer William Lithgow was engaged to assist in her restoration as a full-rigged ship . Support came from Sir William Lithgow , the shipbuilder and industrialist , whose Port Glasgow shipyard donated new steel masts , and topgallants , jib and spanker booms of Oregon pine .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1973 the ship was entered into the National Register of Historic Places , and declared a U.S . National Historic Landmark in 1989 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The ship is now in poor condition . Causes of the deterioration of the ship are multiple . The ship has not been dry docked for a long time . Sandblasting arguably damaged the ship . Preventive maintenance was not performed , although it would have been relatively inexpensive . In fact , her long-time owner , the Bishop Museum , has been accused of incompetence and dishonesty for raising $600,000 to preserve the ship but then spending only about half that , and for other decisions on how the money that was spent .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , the Bishop Museum announced plans to sink her by the end of the year unless private funds were raised for an endowment for her perpetual care . In September 2008 the Bishop Museum was persuaded to transfer ownership to the non-profit group Friends of Falls of Clyde , which intends to restore her . However , many artifacts and fixtures had been given away , taken , or otherwise disappeared on the assumption that the ship was to be scuttled . $350,000 was obtained from the Robert J . Pfeiffer Foundation , but hoped-for federal funds under",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "the Save Americas Treasures program or other programs did not come through . In each year since 2008 , the Foundation has hoped to get her into drydock but has not succeeded . In June 2016 Harbors Division of the Hawaii Department of Transportation revoked the permit for her to moor at Pier 7 , citing safety and security risks to port users . The Foundation has challenged the Harbors Divisions assessment of the ship .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In August 2016 a group based in Glasgow , Scotland launched the Save Falls of Clyde – International ( FOCI ) Campaign , with a view to have her returned to Scotland where she was originally built . Initially , they answered a call for help from the charity known as the ‘Friends of the Falls of Clyde’ ( FFOC ) who owned and wanted to save the FOC from being scuttled by the Hawaiian Harbours Department . They quickly put together a plan to get her back to Scotland attempting to work with the Hawaiian Harbours department and building",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "and executing a plan .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The Hawaiian Harbors department has now filed for a disposal notice to the state department of historic artefacts . As the ship has been in Hawaii for over 50 years , it is now considered to be of cultural and historic importance , and the department has advised FOCI that the easiest way to take control of the Falls of Clyde is to bid as part of the disposal process . FOCI intends to bid , and has advised DOT harbours accordingly .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": "Their proposal is to remove the FOC and repurpose her in a way that protects her heritage , but also offers a future that will support the marine environment and serve future generations of communities around the world . It appears that the state department for historic artefacts as well as the United States Coast Guard ( USCG ) and the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) are not happy that disposal is the only course of action . The coast guard has the final sign off on the entire process and the understanding is that they are not happy",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": "for an unnecessary and dangerous step to be taken when there is an option to remove her safely on the table .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": " The biggest fear is that the ship may sink in the narrow channel entrance or just outside the harbour ; blocking Honolulu harbour for at least 6–12 months while a salvage operation takes place .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": "FOCI have also been working with the support of the U.S . National Historic Maritime Society , seeking support from the National Park Service for their plans to repatriate her to Scotland . The ship is a registered National Historic Landmark . In Honolulu , Foss Marine , The Honolulu Pilots Association and others are offering their services and staff to support the operation .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": " FOCI currently have an agreement in place with another lift ship company ( Roll Dock ) to take the FOC home in June 2020 . However , due to the coronavirus outbreak , this is unlikely and the job has been pushed back to September 2020 .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": "In Scotland they have been , and are currently in , discussions with Inverclyde Council , Scotgov , Peel Ports , Strathclyde University , Caledonian University , Clyde Marine , Malin Group , Cleanships , Scottish Maritime Museum , Historic Environment Scotland , A.B.P. , Glasgow Chambers of Commerce , North Ayrshire Council , Radio Clyde , The Clutha Trust , Crossroads and other groups to prepare for her arrival on the Clyde .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": " Uses in popular culture . - The ship appears as a filming location in Magnum , P.I. , Season 2 , Episodes 5 and 6 , Memories are Forever ( November 5 , 1981 ) and Season 6 , Episode 10 , Blood and Honor ( November 21 , 1985 ) .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": " - Hawai`i Maritime Center - Maritime Heritage Program Information for the Falls of Clyde - Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum - Falls of Clyde on HawaiiWeb - Friends of Falls of Clyde website - Falls of Clyde International Ltd",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Falls_of_Clyde_(ship)#P127#1
|
Who owned Falls of Clyde (ship) in Mar 1909?
|
Falls of Clyde ( ship ) Falls of Clyde is the last surviving iron-hulled , four-masted full-rigged ship , and the only remaining sail-driven oil tanker . Designated a U.S . National Historic Landmark in 1989 , she is now a museum ship in Honolulu , but her condition has deteriorated . She is currently not open to the public . In September 2008 , ownership was transferred to a new nonprofit organization , the Friends of Falls of Clyde , which intends to restore her . Efforts to raise $1.5 million to get the ship into drydock have not succeeded . An additional $30 million may be needed to fully restore the ship . On February 7 , 2019 the Hawaii Department of Transportation put the ship up for auction , but did not receive any qualified bids . History . Falls of Clyde was built in 1878 by Russell and Company in Port Glasgow , Inverclyde , Scotland . She was launched as the first of nine iron-hulled four-masted ships for Wright and Breakenridges Falls Line . She was named after the Falls of Clyde , a group of waterfalls on the River Clyde , and built to the highest standard for general worldwide trade , Lloyds Register A-1 . Her maiden voyage took her to Karachi , now in Pakistan , and her first six years were spent engaged in the India trade . She then became a tramp pursuing general cargo such as lumber , jute , cement , and wheat from ports in Australia , California , India , New Zealand , and the British Isles . After twenty-one years as a British merchantman , Falls of Clyde was purchased for US$25,000 by Captain William Matson of the Matson Navigation Company , taken to Honolulu in 1899 , and registered under the Hawaiian flag . When the Republic of Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1900 , it took a special act of the United States Congress to secure the foreign-built ship the right to sail as an American flag vessel . To economize on crew , Matson rigged Falls of Clyde down as a barque , replacing the five yards on her ( jigger ) mast with two more easily managed fore-and-aft sails . At the same time , he added a deckhouse , charthouse , and rearranged the after quarters to accommodate paying passengers . From 1899 to 1907 , she made over sixty voyages between Hilo , Hawaii , and San Francisco , California , carrying general merchandise west , sugar east , and passengers both ways . She developed a reputation as a handy , fast , and commodious vessel , averaging 17 days each way on her voyages . In 1907 , the Associated Oil Company ( later Tidewater Oil ) bought Falls of Clyde and converted her to a bulk oil tanker with a capacity of . Ten large steel tanks were built into her hull , and a pump room , boiler and generator fitted forward of an oil-tight bulkhead . In this configuration she brought kerosene to Hawaii and returned to California with molasses for cattle feed . In 1927 , she was sold to the General Petroleum Company , her masts cut down , and converted into a floating fuel depot in Alaska . In 1959 she was purchased by William Mitchell , who towed her to Seattle , Washington , intending to sell her to a preservation group . Mitchells plan fell through and subsequent efforts by Karl Kortum , director of the San Francisco Maritime Museum , and Fred Klebingat , who had sailed in her as chief mate in 1915 , to place her in Long Beach , California , or Los Angeles , California , were similarly disappointed . In 1963 , the bank holding the mortgage on Falls of Clyde decided to sell her to be sunk as part of a breakwater at Vancouver , British Columbia . Kortum and Klebingat aroused interest in the ship in Hawaii , and within days of the scheduled scuttling raised funds to buy the ship . At the end of October 1963 , Falls of Clyde was taken under tow bound for Honolulu . Museum ship and controversy . Falls of Clyde was given to the Bishop Museum and opened to the public in 1968 . In 1970 the grandson of original 19th century designer William Lithgow was engaged to assist in her restoration as a full-rigged ship . Support came from Sir William Lithgow , the shipbuilder and industrialist , whose Port Glasgow shipyard donated new steel masts , and topgallants , jib and spanker booms of Oregon pine . In 1973 the ship was entered into the National Register of Historic Places , and declared a U.S . National Historic Landmark in 1989 . The ship is now in poor condition . Causes of the deterioration of the ship are multiple . The ship has not been dry docked for a long time . Sandblasting arguably damaged the ship . Preventive maintenance was not performed , although it would have been relatively inexpensive . In fact , her long-time owner , the Bishop Museum , has been accused of incompetence and dishonesty for raising $600,000 to preserve the ship but then spending only about half that , and for other decisions on how the money that was spent . In 2008 , the Bishop Museum announced plans to sink her by the end of the year unless private funds were raised for an endowment for her perpetual care . In September 2008 the Bishop Museum was persuaded to transfer ownership to the non-profit group Friends of Falls of Clyde , which intends to restore her . However , many artifacts and fixtures had been given away , taken , or otherwise disappeared on the assumption that the ship was to be scuttled . $350,000 was obtained from the Robert J . Pfeiffer Foundation , but hoped-for federal funds under the Save Americas Treasures program or other programs did not come through . In each year since 2008 , the Foundation has hoped to get her into drydock but has not succeeded . In June 2016 Harbors Division of the Hawaii Department of Transportation revoked the permit for her to moor at Pier 7 , citing safety and security risks to port users . The Foundation has challenged the Harbors Divisions assessment of the ship . Restoration and repatriation efforts . In August 2016 a group based in Glasgow , Scotland launched the Save Falls of Clyde – International ( FOCI ) Campaign , with a view to have her returned to Scotland where she was originally built . Initially , they answered a call for help from the charity known as the ‘Friends of the Falls of Clyde’ ( FFOC ) who owned and wanted to save the FOC from being scuttled by the Hawaiian Harbours Department . They quickly put together a plan to get her back to Scotland attempting to work with the Hawaiian Harbours department and building and executing a plan . Current efforts . The Hawaiian Harbors department has now filed for a disposal notice to the state department of historic artefacts . As the ship has been in Hawaii for over 50 years , it is now considered to be of cultural and historic importance , and the department has advised FOCI that the easiest way to take control of the Falls of Clyde is to bid as part of the disposal process . FOCI intends to bid , and has advised DOT harbours accordingly . Their proposal is to remove the FOC and repurpose her in a way that protects her heritage , but also offers a future that will support the marine environment and serve future generations of communities around the world . It appears that the state department for historic artefacts as well as the United States Coast Guard ( USCG ) and the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) are not happy that disposal is the only course of action . The coast guard has the final sign off on the entire process and the understanding is that they are not happy for an unnecessary and dangerous step to be taken when there is an option to remove her safely on the table . The biggest fear is that the ship may sink in the narrow channel entrance or just outside the harbour ; blocking Honolulu harbour for at least 6–12 months while a salvage operation takes place . FOCI have also been working with the support of the U.S . National Historic Maritime Society , seeking support from the National Park Service for their plans to repatriate her to Scotland . The ship is a registered National Historic Landmark . In Honolulu , Foss Marine , The Honolulu Pilots Association and others are offering their services and staff to support the operation . FOCI currently have an agreement in place with another lift ship company ( Roll Dock ) to take the FOC home in June 2020 . However , due to the coronavirus outbreak , this is unlikely and the job has been pushed back to September 2020 . In Scotland they have been , and are currently in , discussions with Inverclyde Council , Scotgov , Peel Ports , Strathclyde University , Caledonian University , Clyde Marine , Malin Group , Cleanships , Scottish Maritime Museum , Historic Environment Scotland , A.B.P. , Glasgow Chambers of Commerce , North Ayrshire Council , Radio Clyde , The Clutha Trust , Crossroads and other groups to prepare for her arrival on the Clyde . Uses in popular culture . - The ship appears as a filming location in Magnum , P.I. , Season 2 , Episodes 5 and 6 , Memories are Forever ( November 5 , 1981 ) and Season 6 , Episode 10 , Blood and Honor ( November 21 , 1985 ) . External links . - Hawai`i Maritime Center - Maritime Heritage Program Information for the Falls of Clyde - Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum - Falls of Clyde on HawaiiWeb - Friends of Falls of Clyde website - Falls of Clyde International Ltd
|
[
"Associated Oil Company"
] |
[
{
"text": "Falls of Clyde is the last surviving iron-hulled , four-masted full-rigged ship , and the only remaining sail-driven oil tanker . Designated a U.S . National Historic Landmark in 1989 , she is now a museum ship in Honolulu , but her condition has deteriorated . She is currently not open to the public . In September 2008 , ownership was transferred to a new nonprofit organization , the Friends of Falls of Clyde , which intends to restore her . Efforts to raise $1.5 million to get the ship into drydock have not succeeded . An additional $30 million",
"title": "Falls of Clyde ( ship )"
},
{
"text": "may be needed to fully restore the ship . On February 7 , 2019 the Hawaii Department of Transportation put the ship up for auction , but did not receive any qualified bids .",
"title": "Falls of Clyde ( ship )"
},
{
"text": "Falls of Clyde was built in 1878 by Russell and Company in Port Glasgow , Inverclyde , Scotland . She was launched as the first of nine iron-hulled four-masted ships for Wright and Breakenridges Falls Line . She was named after the Falls of Clyde , a group of waterfalls on the River Clyde , and built to the highest standard for general worldwide trade , Lloyds Register A-1 . Her maiden voyage took her to Karachi , now in Pakistan , and her first six years were spent engaged in the India trade . She then became a tramp",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "pursuing general cargo such as lumber , jute , cement , and wheat from ports in Australia , California , India , New Zealand , and the British Isles .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " After twenty-one years as a British merchantman , Falls of Clyde was purchased for US$25,000 by Captain William Matson of the Matson Navigation Company , taken to Honolulu in 1899 , and registered under the Hawaiian flag . When the Republic of Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1900 , it took a special act of the United States Congress to secure the foreign-built ship the right to sail as an American flag vessel .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "To economize on crew , Matson rigged Falls of Clyde down as a barque , replacing the five yards on her ( jigger ) mast with two more easily managed fore-and-aft sails . At the same time , he added a deckhouse , charthouse , and rearranged the after quarters to accommodate paying passengers . From 1899 to 1907 , she made over sixty voyages between Hilo , Hawaii , and San Francisco , California , carrying general merchandise west , sugar east , and passengers both ways . She developed a reputation as a handy , fast , and",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "commodious vessel , averaging 17 days each way on her voyages .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1907 , the Associated Oil Company ( later Tidewater Oil ) bought Falls of Clyde and converted her to a bulk oil tanker with a capacity of . Ten large steel tanks were built into her hull , and a pump room , boiler and generator fitted forward of an oil-tight bulkhead . In this configuration she brought kerosene to Hawaii and returned to California with molasses for cattle feed .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1927 , she was sold to the General Petroleum Company , her masts cut down , and converted into a floating fuel depot in Alaska . In 1959 she was purchased by William Mitchell , who towed her to Seattle , Washington , intending to sell her to a preservation group . Mitchells plan fell through and subsequent efforts by Karl Kortum , director of the San Francisco Maritime Museum , and Fred Klebingat , who had sailed in her as chief mate in 1915 , to place her in Long Beach , California , or Los Angeles ,",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "California , were similarly disappointed .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1963 , the bank holding the mortgage on Falls of Clyde decided to sell her to be sunk as part of a breakwater at Vancouver , British Columbia . Kortum and Klebingat aroused interest in the ship in Hawaii , and within days of the scheduled scuttling raised funds to buy the ship . At the end of October 1963 , Falls of Clyde was taken under tow bound for Honolulu . Museum ship and controversy .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Falls of Clyde was given to the Bishop Museum and opened to the public in 1968 . In 1970 the grandson of original 19th century designer William Lithgow was engaged to assist in her restoration as a full-rigged ship . Support came from Sir William Lithgow , the shipbuilder and industrialist , whose Port Glasgow shipyard donated new steel masts , and topgallants , jib and spanker booms of Oregon pine .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1973 the ship was entered into the National Register of Historic Places , and declared a U.S . National Historic Landmark in 1989 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The ship is now in poor condition . Causes of the deterioration of the ship are multiple . The ship has not been dry docked for a long time . Sandblasting arguably damaged the ship . Preventive maintenance was not performed , although it would have been relatively inexpensive . In fact , her long-time owner , the Bishop Museum , has been accused of incompetence and dishonesty for raising $600,000 to preserve the ship but then spending only about half that , and for other decisions on how the money that was spent .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , the Bishop Museum announced plans to sink her by the end of the year unless private funds were raised for an endowment for her perpetual care . In September 2008 the Bishop Museum was persuaded to transfer ownership to the non-profit group Friends of Falls of Clyde , which intends to restore her . However , many artifacts and fixtures had been given away , taken , or otherwise disappeared on the assumption that the ship was to be scuttled . $350,000 was obtained from the Robert J . Pfeiffer Foundation , but hoped-for federal funds under",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "the Save Americas Treasures program or other programs did not come through . In each year since 2008 , the Foundation has hoped to get her into drydock but has not succeeded . In June 2016 Harbors Division of the Hawaii Department of Transportation revoked the permit for her to moor at Pier 7 , citing safety and security risks to port users . The Foundation has challenged the Harbors Divisions assessment of the ship .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In August 2016 a group based in Glasgow , Scotland launched the Save Falls of Clyde – International ( FOCI ) Campaign , with a view to have her returned to Scotland where she was originally built . Initially , they answered a call for help from the charity known as the ‘Friends of the Falls of Clyde’ ( FFOC ) who owned and wanted to save the FOC from being scuttled by the Hawaiian Harbours Department . They quickly put together a plan to get her back to Scotland attempting to work with the Hawaiian Harbours department and building",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "and executing a plan .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The Hawaiian Harbors department has now filed for a disposal notice to the state department of historic artefacts . As the ship has been in Hawaii for over 50 years , it is now considered to be of cultural and historic importance , and the department has advised FOCI that the easiest way to take control of the Falls of Clyde is to bid as part of the disposal process . FOCI intends to bid , and has advised DOT harbours accordingly .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": "Their proposal is to remove the FOC and repurpose her in a way that protects her heritage , but also offers a future that will support the marine environment and serve future generations of communities around the world . It appears that the state department for historic artefacts as well as the United States Coast Guard ( USCG ) and the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) are not happy that disposal is the only course of action . The coast guard has the final sign off on the entire process and the understanding is that they are not happy",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": "for an unnecessary and dangerous step to be taken when there is an option to remove her safely on the table .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": " The biggest fear is that the ship may sink in the narrow channel entrance or just outside the harbour ; blocking Honolulu harbour for at least 6–12 months while a salvage operation takes place .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": "FOCI have also been working with the support of the U.S . National Historic Maritime Society , seeking support from the National Park Service for their plans to repatriate her to Scotland . The ship is a registered National Historic Landmark . In Honolulu , Foss Marine , The Honolulu Pilots Association and others are offering their services and staff to support the operation .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": " FOCI currently have an agreement in place with another lift ship company ( Roll Dock ) to take the FOC home in June 2020 . However , due to the coronavirus outbreak , this is unlikely and the job has been pushed back to September 2020 .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": "In Scotland they have been , and are currently in , discussions with Inverclyde Council , Scotgov , Peel Ports , Strathclyde University , Caledonian University , Clyde Marine , Malin Group , Cleanships , Scottish Maritime Museum , Historic Environment Scotland , A.B.P. , Glasgow Chambers of Commerce , North Ayrshire Council , Radio Clyde , The Clutha Trust , Crossroads and other groups to prepare for her arrival on the Clyde .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": " Uses in popular culture . - The ship appears as a filming location in Magnum , P.I. , Season 2 , Episodes 5 and 6 , Memories are Forever ( November 5 , 1981 ) and Season 6 , Episode 10 , Blood and Honor ( November 21 , 1985 ) .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": " - Hawai`i Maritime Center - Maritime Heritage Program Information for the Falls of Clyde - Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum - Falls of Clyde on HawaiiWeb - Friends of Falls of Clyde website - Falls of Clyde International Ltd",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Falls_of_Clyde_(ship)#P127#2
|
Who owned Falls of Clyde (ship) in early 2000s?
|
Falls of Clyde ( ship ) Falls of Clyde is the last surviving iron-hulled , four-masted full-rigged ship , and the only remaining sail-driven oil tanker . Designated a U.S . National Historic Landmark in 1989 , she is now a museum ship in Honolulu , but her condition has deteriorated . She is currently not open to the public . In September 2008 , ownership was transferred to a new nonprofit organization , the Friends of Falls of Clyde , which intends to restore her . Efforts to raise $1.5 million to get the ship into drydock have not succeeded . An additional $30 million may be needed to fully restore the ship . On February 7 , 2019 the Hawaii Department of Transportation put the ship up for auction , but did not receive any qualified bids . History . Falls of Clyde was built in 1878 by Russell and Company in Port Glasgow , Inverclyde , Scotland . She was launched as the first of nine iron-hulled four-masted ships for Wright and Breakenridges Falls Line . She was named after the Falls of Clyde , a group of waterfalls on the River Clyde , and built to the highest standard for general worldwide trade , Lloyds Register A-1 . Her maiden voyage took her to Karachi , now in Pakistan , and her first six years were spent engaged in the India trade . She then became a tramp pursuing general cargo such as lumber , jute , cement , and wheat from ports in Australia , California , India , New Zealand , and the British Isles . After twenty-one years as a British merchantman , Falls of Clyde was purchased for US$25,000 by Captain William Matson of the Matson Navigation Company , taken to Honolulu in 1899 , and registered under the Hawaiian flag . When the Republic of Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1900 , it took a special act of the United States Congress to secure the foreign-built ship the right to sail as an American flag vessel . To economize on crew , Matson rigged Falls of Clyde down as a barque , replacing the five yards on her ( jigger ) mast with two more easily managed fore-and-aft sails . At the same time , he added a deckhouse , charthouse , and rearranged the after quarters to accommodate paying passengers . From 1899 to 1907 , she made over sixty voyages between Hilo , Hawaii , and San Francisco , California , carrying general merchandise west , sugar east , and passengers both ways . She developed a reputation as a handy , fast , and commodious vessel , averaging 17 days each way on her voyages . In 1907 , the Associated Oil Company ( later Tidewater Oil ) bought Falls of Clyde and converted her to a bulk oil tanker with a capacity of . Ten large steel tanks were built into her hull , and a pump room , boiler and generator fitted forward of an oil-tight bulkhead . In this configuration she brought kerosene to Hawaii and returned to California with molasses for cattle feed . In 1927 , she was sold to the General Petroleum Company , her masts cut down , and converted into a floating fuel depot in Alaska . In 1959 she was purchased by William Mitchell , who towed her to Seattle , Washington , intending to sell her to a preservation group . Mitchells plan fell through and subsequent efforts by Karl Kortum , director of the San Francisco Maritime Museum , and Fred Klebingat , who had sailed in her as chief mate in 1915 , to place her in Long Beach , California , or Los Angeles , California , were similarly disappointed . In 1963 , the bank holding the mortgage on Falls of Clyde decided to sell her to be sunk as part of a breakwater at Vancouver , British Columbia . Kortum and Klebingat aroused interest in the ship in Hawaii , and within days of the scheduled scuttling raised funds to buy the ship . At the end of October 1963 , Falls of Clyde was taken under tow bound for Honolulu . Museum ship and controversy . Falls of Clyde was given to the Bishop Museum and opened to the public in 1968 . In 1970 the grandson of original 19th century designer William Lithgow was engaged to assist in her restoration as a full-rigged ship . Support came from Sir William Lithgow , the shipbuilder and industrialist , whose Port Glasgow shipyard donated new steel masts , and topgallants , jib and spanker booms of Oregon pine . In 1973 the ship was entered into the National Register of Historic Places , and declared a U.S . National Historic Landmark in 1989 . The ship is now in poor condition . Causes of the deterioration of the ship are multiple . The ship has not been dry docked for a long time . Sandblasting arguably damaged the ship . Preventive maintenance was not performed , although it would have been relatively inexpensive . In fact , her long-time owner , the Bishop Museum , has been accused of incompetence and dishonesty for raising $600,000 to preserve the ship but then spending only about half that , and for other decisions on how the money that was spent . In 2008 , the Bishop Museum announced plans to sink her by the end of the year unless private funds were raised for an endowment for her perpetual care . In September 2008 the Bishop Museum was persuaded to transfer ownership to the non-profit group Friends of Falls of Clyde , which intends to restore her . However , many artifacts and fixtures had been given away , taken , or otherwise disappeared on the assumption that the ship was to be scuttled . $350,000 was obtained from the Robert J . Pfeiffer Foundation , but hoped-for federal funds under the Save Americas Treasures program or other programs did not come through . In each year since 2008 , the Foundation has hoped to get her into drydock but has not succeeded . In June 2016 Harbors Division of the Hawaii Department of Transportation revoked the permit for her to moor at Pier 7 , citing safety and security risks to port users . The Foundation has challenged the Harbors Divisions assessment of the ship . Restoration and repatriation efforts . In August 2016 a group based in Glasgow , Scotland launched the Save Falls of Clyde – International ( FOCI ) Campaign , with a view to have her returned to Scotland where she was originally built . Initially , they answered a call for help from the charity known as the ‘Friends of the Falls of Clyde’ ( FFOC ) who owned and wanted to save the FOC from being scuttled by the Hawaiian Harbours Department . They quickly put together a plan to get her back to Scotland attempting to work with the Hawaiian Harbours department and building and executing a plan . Current efforts . The Hawaiian Harbors department has now filed for a disposal notice to the state department of historic artefacts . As the ship has been in Hawaii for over 50 years , it is now considered to be of cultural and historic importance , and the department has advised FOCI that the easiest way to take control of the Falls of Clyde is to bid as part of the disposal process . FOCI intends to bid , and has advised DOT harbours accordingly . Their proposal is to remove the FOC and repurpose her in a way that protects her heritage , but also offers a future that will support the marine environment and serve future generations of communities around the world . It appears that the state department for historic artefacts as well as the United States Coast Guard ( USCG ) and the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) are not happy that disposal is the only course of action . The coast guard has the final sign off on the entire process and the understanding is that they are not happy for an unnecessary and dangerous step to be taken when there is an option to remove her safely on the table . The biggest fear is that the ship may sink in the narrow channel entrance or just outside the harbour ; blocking Honolulu harbour for at least 6–12 months while a salvage operation takes place . FOCI have also been working with the support of the U.S . National Historic Maritime Society , seeking support from the National Park Service for their plans to repatriate her to Scotland . The ship is a registered National Historic Landmark . In Honolulu , Foss Marine , The Honolulu Pilots Association and others are offering their services and staff to support the operation . FOCI currently have an agreement in place with another lift ship company ( Roll Dock ) to take the FOC home in June 2020 . However , due to the coronavirus outbreak , this is unlikely and the job has been pushed back to September 2020 . In Scotland they have been , and are currently in , discussions with Inverclyde Council , Scotgov , Peel Ports , Strathclyde University , Caledonian University , Clyde Marine , Malin Group , Cleanships , Scottish Maritime Museum , Historic Environment Scotland , A.B.P. , Glasgow Chambers of Commerce , North Ayrshire Council , Radio Clyde , The Clutha Trust , Crossroads and other groups to prepare for her arrival on the Clyde . Uses in popular culture . - The ship appears as a filming location in Magnum , P.I. , Season 2 , Episodes 5 and 6 , Memories are Forever ( November 5 , 1981 ) and Season 6 , Episode 10 , Blood and Honor ( November 21 , 1985 ) . External links . - Hawai`i Maritime Center - Maritime Heritage Program Information for the Falls of Clyde - Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum - Falls of Clyde on HawaiiWeb - Friends of Falls of Clyde website - Falls of Clyde International Ltd
|
[
"Bishop Museum"
] |
[
{
"text": "Falls of Clyde is the last surviving iron-hulled , four-masted full-rigged ship , and the only remaining sail-driven oil tanker . Designated a U.S . National Historic Landmark in 1989 , she is now a museum ship in Honolulu , but her condition has deteriorated . She is currently not open to the public . In September 2008 , ownership was transferred to a new nonprofit organization , the Friends of Falls of Clyde , which intends to restore her . Efforts to raise $1.5 million to get the ship into drydock have not succeeded . An additional $30 million",
"title": "Falls of Clyde ( ship )"
},
{
"text": "may be needed to fully restore the ship . On February 7 , 2019 the Hawaii Department of Transportation put the ship up for auction , but did not receive any qualified bids .",
"title": "Falls of Clyde ( ship )"
},
{
"text": "Falls of Clyde was built in 1878 by Russell and Company in Port Glasgow , Inverclyde , Scotland . She was launched as the first of nine iron-hulled four-masted ships for Wright and Breakenridges Falls Line . She was named after the Falls of Clyde , a group of waterfalls on the River Clyde , and built to the highest standard for general worldwide trade , Lloyds Register A-1 . Her maiden voyage took her to Karachi , now in Pakistan , and her first six years were spent engaged in the India trade . She then became a tramp",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "pursuing general cargo such as lumber , jute , cement , and wheat from ports in Australia , California , India , New Zealand , and the British Isles .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " After twenty-one years as a British merchantman , Falls of Clyde was purchased for US$25,000 by Captain William Matson of the Matson Navigation Company , taken to Honolulu in 1899 , and registered under the Hawaiian flag . When the Republic of Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1900 , it took a special act of the United States Congress to secure the foreign-built ship the right to sail as an American flag vessel .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "To economize on crew , Matson rigged Falls of Clyde down as a barque , replacing the five yards on her ( jigger ) mast with two more easily managed fore-and-aft sails . At the same time , he added a deckhouse , charthouse , and rearranged the after quarters to accommodate paying passengers . From 1899 to 1907 , she made over sixty voyages between Hilo , Hawaii , and San Francisco , California , carrying general merchandise west , sugar east , and passengers both ways . She developed a reputation as a handy , fast , and",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "commodious vessel , averaging 17 days each way on her voyages .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1907 , the Associated Oil Company ( later Tidewater Oil ) bought Falls of Clyde and converted her to a bulk oil tanker with a capacity of . Ten large steel tanks were built into her hull , and a pump room , boiler and generator fitted forward of an oil-tight bulkhead . In this configuration she brought kerosene to Hawaii and returned to California with molasses for cattle feed .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1927 , she was sold to the General Petroleum Company , her masts cut down , and converted into a floating fuel depot in Alaska . In 1959 she was purchased by William Mitchell , who towed her to Seattle , Washington , intending to sell her to a preservation group . Mitchells plan fell through and subsequent efforts by Karl Kortum , director of the San Francisco Maritime Museum , and Fred Klebingat , who had sailed in her as chief mate in 1915 , to place her in Long Beach , California , or Los Angeles ,",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "California , were similarly disappointed .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1963 , the bank holding the mortgage on Falls of Clyde decided to sell her to be sunk as part of a breakwater at Vancouver , British Columbia . Kortum and Klebingat aroused interest in the ship in Hawaii , and within days of the scheduled scuttling raised funds to buy the ship . At the end of October 1963 , Falls of Clyde was taken under tow bound for Honolulu . Museum ship and controversy .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Falls of Clyde was given to the Bishop Museum and opened to the public in 1968 . In 1970 the grandson of original 19th century designer William Lithgow was engaged to assist in her restoration as a full-rigged ship . Support came from Sir William Lithgow , the shipbuilder and industrialist , whose Port Glasgow shipyard donated new steel masts , and topgallants , jib and spanker booms of Oregon pine .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1973 the ship was entered into the National Register of Historic Places , and declared a U.S . National Historic Landmark in 1989 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The ship is now in poor condition . Causes of the deterioration of the ship are multiple . The ship has not been dry docked for a long time . Sandblasting arguably damaged the ship . Preventive maintenance was not performed , although it would have been relatively inexpensive . In fact , her long-time owner , the Bishop Museum , has been accused of incompetence and dishonesty for raising $600,000 to preserve the ship but then spending only about half that , and for other decisions on how the money that was spent .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , the Bishop Museum announced plans to sink her by the end of the year unless private funds were raised for an endowment for her perpetual care . In September 2008 the Bishop Museum was persuaded to transfer ownership to the non-profit group Friends of Falls of Clyde , which intends to restore her . However , many artifacts and fixtures had been given away , taken , or otherwise disappeared on the assumption that the ship was to be scuttled . $350,000 was obtained from the Robert J . Pfeiffer Foundation , but hoped-for federal funds under",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "the Save Americas Treasures program or other programs did not come through . In each year since 2008 , the Foundation has hoped to get her into drydock but has not succeeded . In June 2016 Harbors Division of the Hawaii Department of Transportation revoked the permit for her to moor at Pier 7 , citing safety and security risks to port users . The Foundation has challenged the Harbors Divisions assessment of the ship .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In August 2016 a group based in Glasgow , Scotland launched the Save Falls of Clyde – International ( FOCI ) Campaign , with a view to have her returned to Scotland where she was originally built . Initially , they answered a call for help from the charity known as the ‘Friends of the Falls of Clyde’ ( FFOC ) who owned and wanted to save the FOC from being scuttled by the Hawaiian Harbours Department . They quickly put together a plan to get her back to Scotland attempting to work with the Hawaiian Harbours department and building",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "and executing a plan .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The Hawaiian Harbors department has now filed for a disposal notice to the state department of historic artefacts . As the ship has been in Hawaii for over 50 years , it is now considered to be of cultural and historic importance , and the department has advised FOCI that the easiest way to take control of the Falls of Clyde is to bid as part of the disposal process . FOCI intends to bid , and has advised DOT harbours accordingly .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": "Their proposal is to remove the FOC and repurpose her in a way that protects her heritage , but also offers a future that will support the marine environment and serve future generations of communities around the world . It appears that the state department for historic artefacts as well as the United States Coast Guard ( USCG ) and the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) are not happy that disposal is the only course of action . The coast guard has the final sign off on the entire process and the understanding is that they are not happy",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": "for an unnecessary and dangerous step to be taken when there is an option to remove her safely on the table .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": " The biggest fear is that the ship may sink in the narrow channel entrance or just outside the harbour ; blocking Honolulu harbour for at least 6–12 months while a salvage operation takes place .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": "FOCI have also been working with the support of the U.S . National Historic Maritime Society , seeking support from the National Park Service for their plans to repatriate her to Scotland . The ship is a registered National Historic Landmark . In Honolulu , Foss Marine , The Honolulu Pilots Association and others are offering their services and staff to support the operation .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": " FOCI currently have an agreement in place with another lift ship company ( Roll Dock ) to take the FOC home in June 2020 . However , due to the coronavirus outbreak , this is unlikely and the job has been pushed back to September 2020 .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": "In Scotland they have been , and are currently in , discussions with Inverclyde Council , Scotgov , Peel Ports , Strathclyde University , Caledonian University , Clyde Marine , Malin Group , Cleanships , Scottish Maritime Museum , Historic Environment Scotland , A.B.P. , Glasgow Chambers of Commerce , North Ayrshire Council , Radio Clyde , The Clutha Trust , Crossroads and other groups to prepare for her arrival on the Clyde .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": " Uses in popular culture . - The ship appears as a filming location in Magnum , P.I. , Season 2 , Episodes 5 and 6 , Memories are Forever ( November 5 , 1981 ) and Season 6 , Episode 10 , Blood and Honor ( November 21 , 1985 ) .",
"title": "Current efforts"
},
{
"text": " - Hawai`i Maritime Center - Maritime Heritage Program Information for the Falls of Clyde - Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum - Falls of Clyde on HawaiiWeb - Friends of Falls of Clyde website - Falls of Clyde International Ltd",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Zappos_Theater#P1448#0
|
What was the official name of Zappos Theater in late 1970s?
|
Zappos Theater The Zappos Theater ( formerly The AXIS and Aladdin Theatre for the Performing Arts ) is a mid-sized auditorium located at Planet Hollywood Las Vegas on the Las Vegas Strip . The venue hosts a variety of events , including charity benefits , concerts and award shows . It is used frequently for the beauty pageants Miss Universe , Miss USA and Miss Teen USA . From 2013 to 2017 , the auditorium was the home to Britney Spearss concert residency and Justin Timberlakes annual concert to benefit the Shriners Hospitals for Children . In 2011 , it was voted as one of the Best Concert Halls & Theaters In Las Vegas . History . While this location was known as the Aladdin Hotel , the owners decided to create a performing arts center to replace the mildly used golf course . Planning began in 1969 , with concepts showing the venue as a separate building . In 1972 , the hotel was sold to Sam Diamond , Peter Wevve , Sorkis Wevve and Richard Daly . The center opened on July 2 , 1976 ( Americas bicentennial weekend ) , with Neil Diamond , who was paid $750,000 for five sold-out shows . During the 1970s and 1980s , the auditorium became a staple on the Strip for many rock and roll acts . During the hotels financial troubles in the 1990s , the center became its main revenue stream . In 1998 , the venue closed while the original Aladdin Hotel was imploded . During the renovation , the centers original structure was removed , incorporating the venue into the casino area of the hotel . In 2000 , the venue reopened with a performance by Enrique Iglesias , with a capacity decrease to 7,000 . Due to the additions of the MGM Grand Garden Arena and Mandalay Bay Events Center , the venue was used infrequently by music acts . In 2004 , the venue made international news when spectators walked out of a Linda Ronstadt concert while expressing support for filmmaker Michael Moore . In 2010 , the center saw a resurgence in use , hosting at least 15 concerts annually . The theater was the host of the Miss Universe 1991 , 1996 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 pageants , several Miss USA pageants and several Miss America pageants . On June 28 , 2012 , the auditorium was renamed to the PH Live at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . On December 19 , 2013 , the venue was renamed The AXIS at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . It was also announced that American entertainment company Live Nation Entertainment would take over operations and management of the venue from BASE Entertainment . The AXIS theatre has been home to headlining concert residencies such as Justin Timberlake & Friends , Paris By Night and , , and Christina Aguilera : The Xperience The venues name was changed to Zappos Theater in February 2018 , as part of a five-year marketing deal with online shoe retailer Zappos . Noted events . - Miss Universe - Miss America - Justin Timberlake & Friends - Miss USA - Paris By Night - The Game Awards - Jimmy Kimmel Live ! Residencies . - Time of Our Lives - Pitbull : Get Ready Vegas - Lionel Richie : All the Hits - Gwen Stefani – Just a Girl ( 2018–20 ) - Def Leppard Hits Vegas : The Sin City Residency - Florida Georgia Line : Live From Vegas - The Xperience - Lets Go ! - Kelly Clarkson : Invincible - Scorpions
|
[
"Aladdin Theatre for the Performing Arts"
] |
[
{
"text": "The Zappos Theater ( formerly The AXIS and Aladdin Theatre for the Performing Arts ) is a mid-sized auditorium located at Planet Hollywood Las Vegas on the Las Vegas Strip . The venue hosts a variety of events , including charity benefits , concerts and award shows . It is used frequently for the beauty pageants Miss Universe , Miss USA and Miss Teen USA . From 2013 to 2017 , the auditorium was the home to Britney Spearss concert residency and Justin Timberlakes annual concert to benefit the Shriners Hospitals for Children . In 2011 , it was voted",
"title": "Zappos Theater"
},
{
"text": "as one of the Best Concert Halls & Theaters In Las Vegas .",
"title": "Zappos Theater"
},
{
"text": "While this location was known as the Aladdin Hotel , the owners decided to create a performing arts center to replace the mildly used golf course . Planning began in 1969 , with concepts showing the venue as a separate building . In 1972 , the hotel was sold to Sam Diamond , Peter Wevve , Sorkis Wevve and Richard Daly . The center opened on July 2 , 1976 ( Americas bicentennial weekend ) , with Neil Diamond , who was paid $750,000 for five sold-out shows . During the 1970s and 1980s , the auditorium became a staple",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "on the Strip for many rock and roll acts . During the hotels financial troubles in the 1990s , the center became its main revenue stream . In 1998 , the venue closed while the original Aladdin Hotel was imploded . During the renovation , the centers original structure was removed , incorporating the venue into the casino area of the hotel . In 2000 , the venue reopened with a performance by Enrique Iglesias , with a capacity decrease to 7,000 . Due to the additions of the MGM Grand Garden Arena and Mandalay Bay Events Center , the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "venue was used infrequently by music acts . In 2004 , the venue made international news when spectators walked out of a Linda Ronstadt concert while expressing support for filmmaker Michael Moore . In 2010 , the center saw a resurgence in use , hosting at least 15 concerts annually .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The theater was the host of the Miss Universe 1991 , 1996 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 pageants , several Miss USA pageants and several Miss America pageants . On June 28 , 2012 , the auditorium was renamed to the PH Live at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . On December 19 , 2013 , the venue was renamed The AXIS at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . It was also announced that American entertainment company Live Nation Entertainment would take over operations and management of the venue from BASE Entertainment .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The AXIS theatre has been home to headlining concert residencies such as Justin Timberlake & Friends , Paris By Night and , , and Christina Aguilera : The Xperience",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The venues name was changed to Zappos Theater in February 2018 , as part of a five-year marketing deal with online shoe retailer Zappos .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Miss Universe - Miss America - Justin Timberlake & Friends - Miss USA - Paris By Night - The Game Awards - Jimmy Kimmel Live !",
"title": "Noted events"
},
{
"text": " - Time of Our Lives - Pitbull : Get Ready Vegas - Lionel Richie : All the Hits - Gwen Stefani – Just a Girl ( 2018–20 ) - Def Leppard Hits Vegas : The Sin City Residency - Florida Georgia Line : Live From Vegas - The Xperience - Lets Go ! - Kelly Clarkson : Invincible - Scorpions",
"title": "Residencies"
}
] |
/wiki/Zappos_Theater#P1448#1
|
What was the official name of Zappos Theater between May 2013 and Dec 2013?
|
Zappos Theater The Zappos Theater ( formerly The AXIS and Aladdin Theatre for the Performing Arts ) is a mid-sized auditorium located at Planet Hollywood Las Vegas on the Las Vegas Strip . The venue hosts a variety of events , including charity benefits , concerts and award shows . It is used frequently for the beauty pageants Miss Universe , Miss USA and Miss Teen USA . From 2013 to 2017 , the auditorium was the home to Britney Spearss concert residency and Justin Timberlakes annual concert to benefit the Shriners Hospitals for Children . In 2011 , it was voted as one of the Best Concert Halls & Theaters In Las Vegas . History . While this location was known as the Aladdin Hotel , the owners decided to create a performing arts center to replace the mildly used golf course . Planning began in 1969 , with concepts showing the venue as a separate building . In 1972 , the hotel was sold to Sam Diamond , Peter Wevve , Sorkis Wevve and Richard Daly . The center opened on July 2 , 1976 ( Americas bicentennial weekend ) , with Neil Diamond , who was paid $750,000 for five sold-out shows . During the 1970s and 1980s , the auditorium became a staple on the Strip for many rock and roll acts . During the hotels financial troubles in the 1990s , the center became its main revenue stream . In 1998 , the venue closed while the original Aladdin Hotel was imploded . During the renovation , the centers original structure was removed , incorporating the venue into the casino area of the hotel . In 2000 , the venue reopened with a performance by Enrique Iglesias , with a capacity decrease to 7,000 . Due to the additions of the MGM Grand Garden Arena and Mandalay Bay Events Center , the venue was used infrequently by music acts . In 2004 , the venue made international news when spectators walked out of a Linda Ronstadt concert while expressing support for filmmaker Michael Moore . In 2010 , the center saw a resurgence in use , hosting at least 15 concerts annually . The theater was the host of the Miss Universe 1991 , 1996 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 pageants , several Miss USA pageants and several Miss America pageants . On June 28 , 2012 , the auditorium was renamed to the PH Live at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . On December 19 , 2013 , the venue was renamed The AXIS at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . It was also announced that American entertainment company Live Nation Entertainment would take over operations and management of the venue from BASE Entertainment . The AXIS theatre has been home to headlining concert residencies such as Justin Timberlake & Friends , Paris By Night and , , and Christina Aguilera : The Xperience The venues name was changed to Zappos Theater in February 2018 , as part of a five-year marketing deal with online shoe retailer Zappos . Noted events . - Miss Universe - Miss America - Justin Timberlake & Friends - Miss USA - Paris By Night - The Game Awards - Jimmy Kimmel Live ! Residencies . - Time of Our Lives - Pitbull : Get Ready Vegas - Lionel Richie : All the Hits - Gwen Stefani – Just a Girl ( 2018–20 ) - Def Leppard Hits Vegas : The Sin City Residency - Florida Georgia Line : Live From Vegas - The Xperience - Lets Go ! - Kelly Clarkson : Invincible - Scorpions
|
[
"PH Live at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino"
] |
[
{
"text": "The Zappos Theater ( formerly The AXIS and Aladdin Theatre for the Performing Arts ) is a mid-sized auditorium located at Planet Hollywood Las Vegas on the Las Vegas Strip . The venue hosts a variety of events , including charity benefits , concerts and award shows . It is used frequently for the beauty pageants Miss Universe , Miss USA and Miss Teen USA . From 2013 to 2017 , the auditorium was the home to Britney Spearss concert residency and Justin Timberlakes annual concert to benefit the Shriners Hospitals for Children . In 2011 , it was voted",
"title": "Zappos Theater"
},
{
"text": "as one of the Best Concert Halls & Theaters In Las Vegas .",
"title": "Zappos Theater"
},
{
"text": "While this location was known as the Aladdin Hotel , the owners decided to create a performing arts center to replace the mildly used golf course . Planning began in 1969 , with concepts showing the venue as a separate building . In 1972 , the hotel was sold to Sam Diamond , Peter Wevve , Sorkis Wevve and Richard Daly . The center opened on July 2 , 1976 ( Americas bicentennial weekend ) , with Neil Diamond , who was paid $750,000 for five sold-out shows . During the 1970s and 1980s , the auditorium became a staple",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "on the Strip for many rock and roll acts . During the hotels financial troubles in the 1990s , the center became its main revenue stream . In 1998 , the venue closed while the original Aladdin Hotel was imploded . During the renovation , the centers original structure was removed , incorporating the venue into the casino area of the hotel . In 2000 , the venue reopened with a performance by Enrique Iglesias , with a capacity decrease to 7,000 . Due to the additions of the MGM Grand Garden Arena and Mandalay Bay Events Center , the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "venue was used infrequently by music acts . In 2004 , the venue made international news when spectators walked out of a Linda Ronstadt concert while expressing support for filmmaker Michael Moore . In 2010 , the center saw a resurgence in use , hosting at least 15 concerts annually .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The theater was the host of the Miss Universe 1991 , 1996 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 pageants , several Miss USA pageants and several Miss America pageants . On June 28 , 2012 , the auditorium was renamed to the PH Live at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . On December 19 , 2013 , the venue was renamed The AXIS at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . It was also announced that American entertainment company Live Nation Entertainment would take over operations and management of the venue from BASE Entertainment .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The AXIS theatre has been home to headlining concert residencies such as Justin Timberlake & Friends , Paris By Night and , , and Christina Aguilera : The Xperience",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The venues name was changed to Zappos Theater in February 2018 , as part of a five-year marketing deal with online shoe retailer Zappos .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Miss Universe - Miss America - Justin Timberlake & Friends - Miss USA - Paris By Night - The Game Awards - Jimmy Kimmel Live !",
"title": "Noted events"
},
{
"text": " - Time of Our Lives - Pitbull : Get Ready Vegas - Lionel Richie : All the Hits - Gwen Stefani – Just a Girl ( 2018–20 ) - Def Leppard Hits Vegas : The Sin City Residency - Florida Georgia Line : Live From Vegas - The Xperience - Lets Go ! - Kelly Clarkson : Invincible - Scorpions",
"title": "Residencies"
}
] |
/wiki/Zappos_Theater#P1448#2
|
What was the official name of Zappos Theater between Feb 2017 and May 2017?
|
Zappos Theater The Zappos Theater ( formerly The AXIS and Aladdin Theatre for the Performing Arts ) is a mid-sized auditorium located at Planet Hollywood Las Vegas on the Las Vegas Strip . The venue hosts a variety of events , including charity benefits , concerts and award shows . It is used frequently for the beauty pageants Miss Universe , Miss USA and Miss Teen USA . From 2013 to 2017 , the auditorium was the home to Britney Spearss concert residency and Justin Timberlakes annual concert to benefit the Shriners Hospitals for Children . In 2011 , it was voted as one of the Best Concert Halls & Theaters In Las Vegas . History . While this location was known as the Aladdin Hotel , the owners decided to create a performing arts center to replace the mildly used golf course . Planning began in 1969 , with concepts showing the venue as a separate building . In 1972 , the hotel was sold to Sam Diamond , Peter Wevve , Sorkis Wevve and Richard Daly . The center opened on July 2 , 1976 ( Americas bicentennial weekend ) , with Neil Diamond , who was paid $750,000 for five sold-out shows . During the 1970s and 1980s , the auditorium became a staple on the Strip for many rock and roll acts . During the hotels financial troubles in the 1990s , the center became its main revenue stream . In 1998 , the venue closed while the original Aladdin Hotel was imploded . During the renovation , the centers original structure was removed , incorporating the venue into the casino area of the hotel . In 2000 , the venue reopened with a performance by Enrique Iglesias , with a capacity decrease to 7,000 . Due to the additions of the MGM Grand Garden Arena and Mandalay Bay Events Center , the venue was used infrequently by music acts . In 2004 , the venue made international news when spectators walked out of a Linda Ronstadt concert while expressing support for filmmaker Michael Moore . In 2010 , the center saw a resurgence in use , hosting at least 15 concerts annually . The theater was the host of the Miss Universe 1991 , 1996 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 pageants , several Miss USA pageants and several Miss America pageants . On June 28 , 2012 , the auditorium was renamed to the PH Live at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . On December 19 , 2013 , the venue was renamed The AXIS at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . It was also announced that American entertainment company Live Nation Entertainment would take over operations and management of the venue from BASE Entertainment . The AXIS theatre has been home to headlining concert residencies such as Justin Timberlake & Friends , Paris By Night and , , and Christina Aguilera : The Xperience The venues name was changed to Zappos Theater in February 2018 , as part of a five-year marketing deal with online shoe retailer Zappos . Noted events . - Miss Universe - Miss America - Justin Timberlake & Friends - Miss USA - Paris By Night - The Game Awards - Jimmy Kimmel Live ! Residencies . - Time of Our Lives - Pitbull : Get Ready Vegas - Lionel Richie : All the Hits - Gwen Stefani – Just a Girl ( 2018–20 ) - Def Leppard Hits Vegas : The Sin City Residency - Florida Georgia Line : Live From Vegas - The Xperience - Lets Go ! - Kelly Clarkson : Invincible - Scorpions
|
[
"The AXIS at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino"
] |
[
{
"text": "The Zappos Theater ( formerly The AXIS and Aladdin Theatre for the Performing Arts ) is a mid-sized auditorium located at Planet Hollywood Las Vegas on the Las Vegas Strip . The venue hosts a variety of events , including charity benefits , concerts and award shows . It is used frequently for the beauty pageants Miss Universe , Miss USA and Miss Teen USA . From 2013 to 2017 , the auditorium was the home to Britney Spearss concert residency and Justin Timberlakes annual concert to benefit the Shriners Hospitals for Children . In 2011 , it was voted",
"title": "Zappos Theater"
},
{
"text": "as one of the Best Concert Halls & Theaters In Las Vegas .",
"title": "Zappos Theater"
},
{
"text": "While this location was known as the Aladdin Hotel , the owners decided to create a performing arts center to replace the mildly used golf course . Planning began in 1969 , with concepts showing the venue as a separate building . In 1972 , the hotel was sold to Sam Diamond , Peter Wevve , Sorkis Wevve and Richard Daly . The center opened on July 2 , 1976 ( Americas bicentennial weekend ) , with Neil Diamond , who was paid $750,000 for five sold-out shows . During the 1970s and 1980s , the auditorium became a staple",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "on the Strip for many rock and roll acts . During the hotels financial troubles in the 1990s , the center became its main revenue stream . In 1998 , the venue closed while the original Aladdin Hotel was imploded . During the renovation , the centers original structure was removed , incorporating the venue into the casino area of the hotel . In 2000 , the venue reopened with a performance by Enrique Iglesias , with a capacity decrease to 7,000 . Due to the additions of the MGM Grand Garden Arena and Mandalay Bay Events Center , the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "venue was used infrequently by music acts . In 2004 , the venue made international news when spectators walked out of a Linda Ronstadt concert while expressing support for filmmaker Michael Moore . In 2010 , the center saw a resurgence in use , hosting at least 15 concerts annually .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The theater was the host of the Miss Universe 1991 , 1996 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 pageants , several Miss USA pageants and several Miss America pageants . On June 28 , 2012 , the auditorium was renamed to the PH Live at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . On December 19 , 2013 , the venue was renamed The AXIS at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . It was also announced that American entertainment company Live Nation Entertainment would take over operations and management of the venue from BASE Entertainment .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The AXIS theatre has been home to headlining concert residencies such as Justin Timberlake & Friends , Paris By Night and , , and Christina Aguilera : The Xperience",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The venues name was changed to Zappos Theater in February 2018 , as part of a five-year marketing deal with online shoe retailer Zappos .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Miss Universe - Miss America - Justin Timberlake & Friends - Miss USA - Paris By Night - The Game Awards - Jimmy Kimmel Live !",
"title": "Noted events"
},
{
"text": " - Time of Our Lives - Pitbull : Get Ready Vegas - Lionel Richie : All the Hits - Gwen Stefani – Just a Girl ( 2018–20 ) - Def Leppard Hits Vegas : The Sin City Residency - Florida Georgia Line : Live From Vegas - The Xperience - Lets Go ! - Kelly Clarkson : Invincible - Scorpions",
"title": "Residencies"
}
] |
/wiki/Zappos_Theater#P1448#3
|
What was the official name of Zappos Theater after Dec 2018?
|
Zappos Theater The Zappos Theater ( formerly The AXIS and Aladdin Theatre for the Performing Arts ) is a mid-sized auditorium located at Planet Hollywood Las Vegas on the Las Vegas Strip . The venue hosts a variety of events , including charity benefits , concerts and award shows . It is used frequently for the beauty pageants Miss Universe , Miss USA and Miss Teen USA . From 2013 to 2017 , the auditorium was the home to Britney Spearss concert residency and Justin Timberlakes annual concert to benefit the Shriners Hospitals for Children . In 2011 , it was voted as one of the Best Concert Halls & Theaters In Las Vegas . History . While this location was known as the Aladdin Hotel , the owners decided to create a performing arts center to replace the mildly used golf course . Planning began in 1969 , with concepts showing the venue as a separate building . In 1972 , the hotel was sold to Sam Diamond , Peter Wevve , Sorkis Wevve and Richard Daly . The center opened on July 2 , 1976 ( Americas bicentennial weekend ) , with Neil Diamond , who was paid $750,000 for five sold-out shows . During the 1970s and 1980s , the auditorium became a staple on the Strip for many rock and roll acts . During the hotels financial troubles in the 1990s , the center became its main revenue stream . In 1998 , the venue closed while the original Aladdin Hotel was imploded . During the renovation , the centers original structure was removed , incorporating the venue into the casino area of the hotel . In 2000 , the venue reopened with a performance by Enrique Iglesias , with a capacity decrease to 7,000 . Due to the additions of the MGM Grand Garden Arena and Mandalay Bay Events Center , the venue was used infrequently by music acts . In 2004 , the venue made international news when spectators walked out of a Linda Ronstadt concert while expressing support for filmmaker Michael Moore . In 2010 , the center saw a resurgence in use , hosting at least 15 concerts annually . The theater was the host of the Miss Universe 1991 , 1996 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 pageants , several Miss USA pageants and several Miss America pageants . On June 28 , 2012 , the auditorium was renamed to the PH Live at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . On December 19 , 2013 , the venue was renamed The AXIS at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . It was also announced that American entertainment company Live Nation Entertainment would take over operations and management of the venue from BASE Entertainment . The AXIS theatre has been home to headlining concert residencies such as Justin Timberlake & Friends , Paris By Night and , , and Christina Aguilera : The Xperience The venues name was changed to Zappos Theater in February 2018 , as part of a five-year marketing deal with online shoe retailer Zappos . Noted events . - Miss Universe - Miss America - Justin Timberlake & Friends - Miss USA - Paris By Night - The Game Awards - Jimmy Kimmel Live ! Residencies . - Time of Our Lives - Pitbull : Get Ready Vegas - Lionel Richie : All the Hits - Gwen Stefani – Just a Girl ( 2018–20 ) - Def Leppard Hits Vegas : The Sin City Residency - Florida Georgia Line : Live From Vegas - The Xperience - Lets Go ! - Kelly Clarkson : Invincible - Scorpions
|
[
"Zappos Theater"
] |
[
{
"text": "The Zappos Theater ( formerly The AXIS and Aladdin Theatre for the Performing Arts ) is a mid-sized auditorium located at Planet Hollywood Las Vegas on the Las Vegas Strip . The venue hosts a variety of events , including charity benefits , concerts and award shows . It is used frequently for the beauty pageants Miss Universe , Miss USA and Miss Teen USA . From 2013 to 2017 , the auditorium was the home to Britney Spearss concert residency and Justin Timberlakes annual concert to benefit the Shriners Hospitals for Children . In 2011 , it was voted",
"title": "Zappos Theater"
},
{
"text": "as one of the Best Concert Halls & Theaters In Las Vegas .",
"title": "Zappos Theater"
},
{
"text": "While this location was known as the Aladdin Hotel , the owners decided to create a performing arts center to replace the mildly used golf course . Planning began in 1969 , with concepts showing the venue as a separate building . In 1972 , the hotel was sold to Sam Diamond , Peter Wevve , Sorkis Wevve and Richard Daly . The center opened on July 2 , 1976 ( Americas bicentennial weekend ) , with Neil Diamond , who was paid $750,000 for five sold-out shows . During the 1970s and 1980s , the auditorium became a staple",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "on the Strip for many rock and roll acts . During the hotels financial troubles in the 1990s , the center became its main revenue stream . In 1998 , the venue closed while the original Aladdin Hotel was imploded . During the renovation , the centers original structure was removed , incorporating the venue into the casino area of the hotel . In 2000 , the venue reopened with a performance by Enrique Iglesias , with a capacity decrease to 7,000 . Due to the additions of the MGM Grand Garden Arena and Mandalay Bay Events Center , the",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "venue was used infrequently by music acts . In 2004 , the venue made international news when spectators walked out of a Linda Ronstadt concert while expressing support for filmmaker Michael Moore . In 2010 , the center saw a resurgence in use , hosting at least 15 concerts annually .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The theater was the host of the Miss Universe 1991 , 1996 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 pageants , several Miss USA pageants and several Miss America pageants . On June 28 , 2012 , the auditorium was renamed to the PH Live at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . On December 19 , 2013 , the venue was renamed The AXIS at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino . It was also announced that American entertainment company Live Nation Entertainment would take over operations and management of the venue from BASE Entertainment .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The AXIS theatre has been home to headlining concert residencies such as Justin Timberlake & Friends , Paris By Night and , , and Christina Aguilera : The Xperience",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The venues name was changed to Zappos Theater in February 2018 , as part of a five-year marketing deal with online shoe retailer Zappos .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Miss Universe - Miss America - Justin Timberlake & Friends - Miss USA - Paris By Night - The Game Awards - Jimmy Kimmel Live !",
"title": "Noted events"
},
{
"text": " - Time of Our Lives - Pitbull : Get Ready Vegas - Lionel Richie : All the Hits - Gwen Stefani – Just a Girl ( 2018–20 ) - Def Leppard Hits Vegas : The Sin City Residency - Florida Georgia Line : Live From Vegas - The Xperience - Lets Go ! - Kelly Clarkson : Invincible - Scorpions",
"title": "Residencies"
}
] |
/wiki/Budd_Schulberg#P26#0
|
Who was the spouse of Budd Schulberg in Oct 1942?
|
Budd Schulberg Budd Schulberg ( born Seymour Wilson Schulberg , March 27 , 1914 – August 5 , 2009 ) was an American screenwriter , television producer , novelist and sports writer . He was known for his novels What Makes Sammy Run ? and The Harder They Fall , his Academy Award-winning screenplay for On the Waterfront , and his screenplay for A Face in the Crowd . Early life and education . Schulberg was raised in a Jewish family the son of Hollywood film-producer B.P . Schulberg and Adeline ( née Jaffe ) Schulberg , who founded a talent agency taken over by her brother , agent/film producer Sam Jaffe . In 1931 , when Schulberg was 17 , his father left the family to live with actress Sylvia Sidney . His parents divorced in 1933 . Schulberg attended Deerfield Academy and then went on to Dartmouth College , where he was actively involved in the Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern humor magazine and was a member of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity . In 1939 , he collaborated on the screenplay for Winter Carnival , a light comedy set at Dartmouth . One of his collaborators was F . Scott Fitzgerald , who was fired because of his alcoholic binge during a visit with Schulberg to Dartmouth . Dartmouth College awarded Schulberg an honorary degree in 1960 . World War II . While serving in the Navy during World War II , Schulberg was assigned to the Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) , working with John Fords documentary unit . Following VE Day , he was reportedly among the first American servicemen to liberate the Nazi concentration camps . He was involved in gathering evidence against war criminals for the Nuremberg Trials , an assignment that included arresting documentary film maker Leni Riefenstahl at her chalet in Kitzbühel , Austria , ostensibly to have her identify the faces of Nazi war criminals in German film footage captured by the Allied troops . Riefenstahl claimed she was not aware of the nature of the concentration camps . According to Schulberg , She gave me the usual song and dance . She said Of course , you know , Im really so misunderstood . Im not political . Career . Being the son of a successful Hollywood producer gave Schulberg an insiders viewpoint on the true happenings of Hollywood , which was reflected in much of his writing . His 1941 novel What Makes Sammy Run ? allowed the public to see the harshness of Hollywood stardom via Sammy Glicks rise to power in a major Hollywood film studio . This novel was criticized by some as being self-directed anti-semitism . Then a member of the Communist Party USA , Schulberg quit in protest after he was ordered by high-ranking Party member John Howard Lawson to make changes to the novel . In 1950 , Schulberg published The Disenchanted , about a young screenwriter who collaborates on a screenplay about a college winter festival with a famous novelist at the nadir of his career . The novelist ( who was then assumed by reviewers to be a thinly disguised portrait of Fitzgerald , who had died 10 years earlier ) is portrayed as a tragic , flawed figure , with whom the young screenwriter becomes disillusioned . The novel was the tenth bestselling novel in the United States in 1950 and was adapted as a Broadway play in 1958 , starring Jason Robards ( who won a Tony Award for his performance ) and George Grizzard as the character loosely based on Schulberg . In 1958 , Schulberg wrote and co-produced ( with his younger brother Stuart ) the film Wind Across the Everglades , directed by Nicholas Ray . Schulberg wrote the 1957 film A Face in the Crowd . Based on the short story in his book Some Faces in the Crowd , the film starred newcomer Andy Griffith as an obscure country singer who rises to fame and becomes extraordinarily manipulative to preserve his success and power . Schulberg encountered political controversy in 1951 when screenwriter Richard Collins , testifying to the House Un-American Activities Committee ( HUAC ) , named Schulberg as a former member of the Communist Party . Schulberg , still resentful of the influence Communist officials tried to exert over his fiction , testified as a friendly witness and explained how Communist Party members had sought to influence the content of What Makes Sammy Run ? and named names of other Hollywood communists Schulberg was also a sports writer and former chief boxing correspondent for Sports Illustrated . He wrote some well-received books on boxing , including Sparring with Hemingway . He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2002 in recognition of his contributions to the sport . In 1965 , after a devastating riot had ripped apart the fabric of the Watts section of Los Angeles , Schulberg formed the Watts Writers Workshop in an attempt to ease frustrations and bring artistic training to the economically impoverished district . In 1982 , Schulberg wrote Moving Pictures , Memoirs of a Hollywood Prince , an autobiography covering his youth in Hollywood growing up in the 1920s and 1930s among the famous motion picture actors and producers as the son of B.P . Schulberg , head of Paramount Studios . Personal life and death . Schulberg was married four times . In 1936 , he married his first wife , actress Virginia Jigee Lee Ray . They had one daughter , Victoria , before divorcing in 1942 . In 1943 , he married Victoria Vickee Anderson . They divorced in 1964 . They had two children : Stephen ( born 1944 ) and David ( born 1946 ) . David was a Vietnam veteran who predeceased his father . In 1964 , he married actress Geraldine Brooks . They were married until her death in 1977 ; they had no children . In 1977 , he married Betsy Ann Langman , stepdaughter of real estate developer Robert E . Simon , granddaughter of investment banker Maurice Wertheim and great-granddaughter of US ambassador Henry Morgenthau Sr. ; they had two children : Benn and Jessica . His niece Sandra Schulberg was an executive producer of the Academy Award-nominated film Quills . His mother , of The Ad Schulberg Agency , served as his agent until her death in 1977 . His brother , Stuart Schulberg , was a movie and television producer ( David Brinkleys Journal , The Today Show ) . His sister , Sonya Schulberg ( OSullivan ) ( 1918-2016 ) was an occasional writer ( novel They Cried a Little and stories ) . Budd Schulberg died August 5 , 2009 in his home in Quiogue , New York , aged 95 . Select film and TV credits . - A Star Is Born ( 1937 ) - uncredited writer - Nothing Sacred ( 1937 ) - uncredited writer - On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) - story , script - The Harder They Fall ( 1956 ) - based on his novel - A Face in the Crowd ( 1957 ) - story , script - Wind Across the Everglades ( 1958 ) - script , producer , uncredited directo
|
[
"Virginia Jigee Lee Ray"
] |
[
{
"text": " Budd Schulberg ( born Seymour Wilson Schulberg , March 27 , 1914 – August 5 , 2009 ) was an American screenwriter , television producer , novelist and sports writer . He was known for his novels What Makes Sammy Run ? and The Harder They Fall , his Academy Award-winning screenplay for On the Waterfront , and his screenplay for A Face in the Crowd . Early life and education .",
"title": "Budd Schulberg"
},
{
"text": "Schulberg was raised in a Jewish family the son of Hollywood film-producer B.P . Schulberg and Adeline ( née Jaffe ) Schulberg , who founded a talent agency taken over by her brother , agent/film producer Sam Jaffe . In 1931 , when Schulberg was 17 , his father left the family to live with actress Sylvia Sidney . His parents divorced in 1933 .",
"title": "Budd Schulberg"
},
{
"text": " Schulberg attended Deerfield Academy and then went on to Dartmouth College , where he was actively involved in the Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern humor magazine and was a member of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity . In 1939 , he collaborated on the screenplay for Winter Carnival , a light comedy set at Dartmouth . One of his collaborators was F . Scott Fitzgerald , who was fired because of his alcoholic binge during a visit with Schulberg to Dartmouth . Dartmouth College awarded Schulberg an honorary degree in 1960 .",
"title": "Budd Schulberg"
},
{
"text": "While serving in the Navy during World War II , Schulberg was assigned to the Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) , working with John Fords documentary unit . Following VE Day , he was reportedly among the first American servicemen to liberate the Nazi concentration camps . He was involved in gathering evidence against war criminals for the Nuremberg Trials , an assignment that included arresting documentary film maker Leni Riefenstahl at her chalet in Kitzbühel , Austria , ostensibly to have her identify the faces of Nazi war criminals in German film footage captured by the Allied",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "troops . Riefenstahl claimed she was not aware of the nature of the concentration camps . According to Schulberg , She gave me the usual song and dance . She said Of course , you know , Im really so misunderstood . Im not political .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Being the son of a successful Hollywood producer gave Schulberg an insiders viewpoint on the true happenings of Hollywood , which was reflected in much of his writing .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "His 1941 novel What Makes Sammy Run ? allowed the public to see the harshness of Hollywood stardom via Sammy Glicks rise to power in a major Hollywood film studio . This novel was criticized by some as being self-directed anti-semitism . Then a member of the Communist Party USA , Schulberg quit in protest after he was ordered by high-ranking Party member John Howard Lawson to make changes to the novel .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , Schulberg published The Disenchanted , about a young screenwriter who collaborates on a screenplay about a college winter festival with a famous novelist at the nadir of his career . The novelist ( who was then assumed by reviewers to be a thinly disguised portrait of Fitzgerald , who had died 10 years earlier ) is portrayed as a tragic , flawed figure , with whom the young screenwriter becomes disillusioned . The novel was the tenth bestselling novel in the United States in 1950 and was adapted as a Broadway play in 1958 , starring Jason",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Robards ( who won a Tony Award for his performance ) and George Grizzard as the character loosely based on Schulberg . In 1958 , Schulberg wrote and co-produced ( with his younger brother Stuart ) the film Wind Across the Everglades , directed by Nicholas Ray .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Schulberg wrote the 1957 film A Face in the Crowd . Based on the short story in his book Some Faces in the Crowd , the film starred newcomer Andy Griffith as an obscure country singer who rises to fame and becomes extraordinarily manipulative to preserve his success and power .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Schulberg encountered political controversy in 1951 when screenwriter Richard Collins , testifying to the House Un-American Activities Committee ( HUAC ) , named Schulberg as a former member of the Communist Party . Schulberg , still resentful of the influence Communist officials tried to exert over his fiction , testified as a friendly witness and explained how Communist Party members had sought to influence the content of What Makes Sammy Run ? and named names of other Hollywood communists",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Schulberg was also a sports writer and former chief boxing correspondent for Sports Illustrated . He wrote some well-received books on boxing , including Sparring with Hemingway . He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2002 in recognition of his contributions to the sport . In 1965 , after a devastating riot had ripped apart the fabric of the Watts section of Los Angeles , Schulberg formed the Watts Writers Workshop in an attempt to ease frustrations and bring artistic training to the economically impoverished district .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 1982 , Schulberg wrote Moving Pictures , Memoirs of a Hollywood Prince , an autobiography covering his youth in Hollywood growing up in the 1920s and 1930s among the famous motion picture actors and producers as the son of B.P . Schulberg , head of Paramount Studios .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Schulberg was married four times . In 1936 , he married his first wife , actress Virginia Jigee Lee Ray . They had one daughter , Victoria , before divorcing in 1942 . In 1943 , he married Victoria Vickee Anderson . They divorced in 1964 . They had two children : Stephen ( born 1944 ) and David ( born 1946 ) . David was a Vietnam veteran who predeceased his father . In 1964 , he married actress Geraldine Brooks . They were married until her death in 1977 ; they had no children . In 1977 ,",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "he married Betsy Ann Langman , stepdaughter of real estate developer Robert E . Simon , granddaughter of investment banker Maurice Wertheim and great-granddaughter of US ambassador Henry Morgenthau Sr. ; they had two children : Benn and Jessica .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " His niece Sandra Schulberg was an executive producer of the Academy Award-nominated film Quills . His mother , of The Ad Schulberg Agency , served as his agent until her death in 1977 . His brother , Stuart Schulberg , was a movie and television producer ( David Brinkleys Journal , The Today Show ) . His sister , Sonya Schulberg ( OSullivan ) ( 1918-2016 ) was an occasional writer ( novel They Cried a Little and stories ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Budd Schulberg died August 5 , 2009 in his home in Quiogue , New York , aged 95 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Select film and TV credits . - A Star Is Born ( 1937 ) - uncredited writer - Nothing Sacred ( 1937 ) - uncredited writer - On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) - story , script - The Harder They Fall ( 1956 ) - based on his novel - A Face in the Crowd ( 1957 ) - story , script - Wind Across the Everglades ( 1958 ) - script , producer , uncredited directo",
"title": "Career"
}
] |
/wiki/Budd_Schulberg#P26#1
|
Who was the spouse of Budd Schulberg in late 1940s?
|
Budd Schulberg Budd Schulberg ( born Seymour Wilson Schulberg , March 27 , 1914 – August 5 , 2009 ) was an American screenwriter , television producer , novelist and sports writer . He was known for his novels What Makes Sammy Run ? and The Harder They Fall , his Academy Award-winning screenplay for On the Waterfront , and his screenplay for A Face in the Crowd . Early life and education . Schulberg was raised in a Jewish family the son of Hollywood film-producer B.P . Schulberg and Adeline ( née Jaffe ) Schulberg , who founded a talent agency taken over by her brother , agent/film producer Sam Jaffe . In 1931 , when Schulberg was 17 , his father left the family to live with actress Sylvia Sidney . His parents divorced in 1933 . Schulberg attended Deerfield Academy and then went on to Dartmouth College , where he was actively involved in the Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern humor magazine and was a member of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity . In 1939 , he collaborated on the screenplay for Winter Carnival , a light comedy set at Dartmouth . One of his collaborators was F . Scott Fitzgerald , who was fired because of his alcoholic binge during a visit with Schulberg to Dartmouth . Dartmouth College awarded Schulberg an honorary degree in 1960 . World War II . While serving in the Navy during World War II , Schulberg was assigned to the Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) , working with John Fords documentary unit . Following VE Day , he was reportedly among the first American servicemen to liberate the Nazi concentration camps . He was involved in gathering evidence against war criminals for the Nuremberg Trials , an assignment that included arresting documentary film maker Leni Riefenstahl at her chalet in Kitzbühel , Austria , ostensibly to have her identify the faces of Nazi war criminals in German film footage captured by the Allied troops . Riefenstahl claimed she was not aware of the nature of the concentration camps . According to Schulberg , She gave me the usual song and dance . She said Of course , you know , Im really so misunderstood . Im not political . Career . Being the son of a successful Hollywood producer gave Schulberg an insiders viewpoint on the true happenings of Hollywood , which was reflected in much of his writing . His 1941 novel What Makes Sammy Run ? allowed the public to see the harshness of Hollywood stardom via Sammy Glicks rise to power in a major Hollywood film studio . This novel was criticized by some as being self-directed anti-semitism . Then a member of the Communist Party USA , Schulberg quit in protest after he was ordered by high-ranking Party member John Howard Lawson to make changes to the novel . In 1950 , Schulberg published The Disenchanted , about a young screenwriter who collaborates on a screenplay about a college winter festival with a famous novelist at the nadir of his career . The novelist ( who was then assumed by reviewers to be a thinly disguised portrait of Fitzgerald , who had died 10 years earlier ) is portrayed as a tragic , flawed figure , with whom the young screenwriter becomes disillusioned . The novel was the tenth bestselling novel in the United States in 1950 and was adapted as a Broadway play in 1958 , starring Jason Robards ( who won a Tony Award for his performance ) and George Grizzard as the character loosely based on Schulberg . In 1958 , Schulberg wrote and co-produced ( with his younger brother Stuart ) the film Wind Across the Everglades , directed by Nicholas Ray . Schulberg wrote the 1957 film A Face in the Crowd . Based on the short story in his book Some Faces in the Crowd , the film starred newcomer Andy Griffith as an obscure country singer who rises to fame and becomes extraordinarily manipulative to preserve his success and power . Schulberg encountered political controversy in 1951 when screenwriter Richard Collins , testifying to the House Un-American Activities Committee ( HUAC ) , named Schulberg as a former member of the Communist Party . Schulberg , still resentful of the influence Communist officials tried to exert over his fiction , testified as a friendly witness and explained how Communist Party members had sought to influence the content of What Makes Sammy Run ? and named names of other Hollywood communists Schulberg was also a sports writer and former chief boxing correspondent for Sports Illustrated . He wrote some well-received books on boxing , including Sparring with Hemingway . He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2002 in recognition of his contributions to the sport . In 1965 , after a devastating riot had ripped apart the fabric of the Watts section of Los Angeles , Schulberg formed the Watts Writers Workshop in an attempt to ease frustrations and bring artistic training to the economically impoverished district . In 1982 , Schulberg wrote Moving Pictures , Memoirs of a Hollywood Prince , an autobiography covering his youth in Hollywood growing up in the 1920s and 1930s among the famous motion picture actors and producers as the son of B.P . Schulberg , head of Paramount Studios . Personal life and death . Schulberg was married four times . In 1936 , he married his first wife , actress Virginia Jigee Lee Ray . They had one daughter , Victoria , before divorcing in 1942 . In 1943 , he married Victoria Vickee Anderson . They divorced in 1964 . They had two children : Stephen ( born 1944 ) and David ( born 1946 ) . David was a Vietnam veteran who predeceased his father . In 1964 , he married actress Geraldine Brooks . They were married until her death in 1977 ; they had no children . In 1977 , he married Betsy Ann Langman , stepdaughter of real estate developer Robert E . Simon , granddaughter of investment banker Maurice Wertheim and great-granddaughter of US ambassador Henry Morgenthau Sr. ; they had two children : Benn and Jessica . His niece Sandra Schulberg was an executive producer of the Academy Award-nominated film Quills . His mother , of The Ad Schulberg Agency , served as his agent until her death in 1977 . His brother , Stuart Schulberg , was a movie and television producer ( David Brinkleys Journal , The Today Show ) . His sister , Sonya Schulberg ( OSullivan ) ( 1918-2016 ) was an occasional writer ( novel They Cried a Little and stories ) . Budd Schulberg died August 5 , 2009 in his home in Quiogue , New York , aged 95 . Select film and TV credits . - A Star Is Born ( 1937 ) - uncredited writer - Nothing Sacred ( 1937 ) - uncredited writer - On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) - story , script - The Harder They Fall ( 1956 ) - based on his novel - A Face in the Crowd ( 1957 ) - story , script - Wind Across the Everglades ( 1958 ) - script , producer , uncredited directo
|
[
"Victoria Vickee Anderson"
] |
[
{
"text": " Budd Schulberg ( born Seymour Wilson Schulberg , March 27 , 1914 – August 5 , 2009 ) was an American screenwriter , television producer , novelist and sports writer . He was known for his novels What Makes Sammy Run ? and The Harder They Fall , his Academy Award-winning screenplay for On the Waterfront , and his screenplay for A Face in the Crowd . Early life and education .",
"title": "Budd Schulberg"
},
{
"text": "Schulberg was raised in a Jewish family the son of Hollywood film-producer B.P . Schulberg and Adeline ( née Jaffe ) Schulberg , who founded a talent agency taken over by her brother , agent/film producer Sam Jaffe . In 1931 , when Schulberg was 17 , his father left the family to live with actress Sylvia Sidney . His parents divorced in 1933 .",
"title": "Budd Schulberg"
},
{
"text": " Schulberg attended Deerfield Academy and then went on to Dartmouth College , where he was actively involved in the Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern humor magazine and was a member of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity . In 1939 , he collaborated on the screenplay for Winter Carnival , a light comedy set at Dartmouth . One of his collaborators was F . Scott Fitzgerald , who was fired because of his alcoholic binge during a visit with Schulberg to Dartmouth . Dartmouth College awarded Schulberg an honorary degree in 1960 .",
"title": "Budd Schulberg"
},
{
"text": "While serving in the Navy during World War II , Schulberg was assigned to the Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) , working with John Fords documentary unit . Following VE Day , he was reportedly among the first American servicemen to liberate the Nazi concentration camps . He was involved in gathering evidence against war criminals for the Nuremberg Trials , an assignment that included arresting documentary film maker Leni Riefenstahl at her chalet in Kitzbühel , Austria , ostensibly to have her identify the faces of Nazi war criminals in German film footage captured by the Allied",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "troops . Riefenstahl claimed she was not aware of the nature of the concentration camps . According to Schulberg , She gave me the usual song and dance . She said Of course , you know , Im really so misunderstood . Im not political .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Being the son of a successful Hollywood producer gave Schulberg an insiders viewpoint on the true happenings of Hollywood , which was reflected in much of his writing .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "His 1941 novel What Makes Sammy Run ? allowed the public to see the harshness of Hollywood stardom via Sammy Glicks rise to power in a major Hollywood film studio . This novel was criticized by some as being self-directed anti-semitism . Then a member of the Communist Party USA , Schulberg quit in protest after he was ordered by high-ranking Party member John Howard Lawson to make changes to the novel .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , Schulberg published The Disenchanted , about a young screenwriter who collaborates on a screenplay about a college winter festival with a famous novelist at the nadir of his career . The novelist ( who was then assumed by reviewers to be a thinly disguised portrait of Fitzgerald , who had died 10 years earlier ) is portrayed as a tragic , flawed figure , with whom the young screenwriter becomes disillusioned . The novel was the tenth bestselling novel in the United States in 1950 and was adapted as a Broadway play in 1958 , starring Jason",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Robards ( who won a Tony Award for his performance ) and George Grizzard as the character loosely based on Schulberg . In 1958 , Schulberg wrote and co-produced ( with his younger brother Stuart ) the film Wind Across the Everglades , directed by Nicholas Ray .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Schulberg wrote the 1957 film A Face in the Crowd . Based on the short story in his book Some Faces in the Crowd , the film starred newcomer Andy Griffith as an obscure country singer who rises to fame and becomes extraordinarily manipulative to preserve his success and power .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Schulberg encountered political controversy in 1951 when screenwriter Richard Collins , testifying to the House Un-American Activities Committee ( HUAC ) , named Schulberg as a former member of the Communist Party . Schulberg , still resentful of the influence Communist officials tried to exert over his fiction , testified as a friendly witness and explained how Communist Party members had sought to influence the content of What Makes Sammy Run ? and named names of other Hollywood communists",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Schulberg was also a sports writer and former chief boxing correspondent for Sports Illustrated . He wrote some well-received books on boxing , including Sparring with Hemingway . He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2002 in recognition of his contributions to the sport . In 1965 , after a devastating riot had ripped apart the fabric of the Watts section of Los Angeles , Schulberg formed the Watts Writers Workshop in an attempt to ease frustrations and bring artistic training to the economically impoverished district .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 1982 , Schulberg wrote Moving Pictures , Memoirs of a Hollywood Prince , an autobiography covering his youth in Hollywood growing up in the 1920s and 1930s among the famous motion picture actors and producers as the son of B.P . Schulberg , head of Paramount Studios .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Schulberg was married four times . In 1936 , he married his first wife , actress Virginia Jigee Lee Ray . They had one daughter , Victoria , before divorcing in 1942 . In 1943 , he married Victoria Vickee Anderson . They divorced in 1964 . They had two children : Stephen ( born 1944 ) and David ( born 1946 ) . David was a Vietnam veteran who predeceased his father . In 1964 , he married actress Geraldine Brooks . They were married until her death in 1977 ; they had no children . In 1977 ,",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "he married Betsy Ann Langman , stepdaughter of real estate developer Robert E . Simon , granddaughter of investment banker Maurice Wertheim and great-granddaughter of US ambassador Henry Morgenthau Sr. ; they had two children : Benn and Jessica .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " His niece Sandra Schulberg was an executive producer of the Academy Award-nominated film Quills . His mother , of The Ad Schulberg Agency , served as his agent until her death in 1977 . His brother , Stuart Schulberg , was a movie and television producer ( David Brinkleys Journal , The Today Show ) . His sister , Sonya Schulberg ( OSullivan ) ( 1918-2016 ) was an occasional writer ( novel They Cried a Little and stories ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Budd Schulberg died August 5 , 2009 in his home in Quiogue , New York , aged 95 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Select film and TV credits . - A Star Is Born ( 1937 ) - uncredited writer - Nothing Sacred ( 1937 ) - uncredited writer - On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) - story , script - The Harder They Fall ( 1956 ) - based on his novel - A Face in the Crowd ( 1957 ) - story , script - Wind Across the Everglades ( 1958 ) - script , producer , uncredited directo",
"title": "Career"
}
] |
/wiki/Budd_Schulberg#P26#2
|
Who was the spouse of Budd Schulberg between Apr 1966 and Oct 1970?
|
Budd Schulberg Budd Schulberg ( born Seymour Wilson Schulberg , March 27 , 1914 – August 5 , 2009 ) was an American screenwriter , television producer , novelist and sports writer . He was known for his novels What Makes Sammy Run ? and The Harder They Fall , his Academy Award-winning screenplay for On the Waterfront , and his screenplay for A Face in the Crowd . Early life and education . Schulberg was raised in a Jewish family the son of Hollywood film-producer B.P . Schulberg and Adeline ( née Jaffe ) Schulberg , who founded a talent agency taken over by her brother , agent/film producer Sam Jaffe . In 1931 , when Schulberg was 17 , his father left the family to live with actress Sylvia Sidney . His parents divorced in 1933 . Schulberg attended Deerfield Academy and then went on to Dartmouth College , where he was actively involved in the Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern humor magazine and was a member of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity . In 1939 , he collaborated on the screenplay for Winter Carnival , a light comedy set at Dartmouth . One of his collaborators was F . Scott Fitzgerald , who was fired because of his alcoholic binge during a visit with Schulberg to Dartmouth . Dartmouth College awarded Schulberg an honorary degree in 1960 . World War II . While serving in the Navy during World War II , Schulberg was assigned to the Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) , working with John Fords documentary unit . Following VE Day , he was reportedly among the first American servicemen to liberate the Nazi concentration camps . He was involved in gathering evidence against war criminals for the Nuremberg Trials , an assignment that included arresting documentary film maker Leni Riefenstahl at her chalet in Kitzbühel , Austria , ostensibly to have her identify the faces of Nazi war criminals in German film footage captured by the Allied troops . Riefenstahl claimed she was not aware of the nature of the concentration camps . According to Schulberg , She gave me the usual song and dance . She said Of course , you know , Im really so misunderstood . Im not political . Career . Being the son of a successful Hollywood producer gave Schulberg an insiders viewpoint on the true happenings of Hollywood , which was reflected in much of his writing . His 1941 novel What Makes Sammy Run ? allowed the public to see the harshness of Hollywood stardom via Sammy Glicks rise to power in a major Hollywood film studio . This novel was criticized by some as being self-directed anti-semitism . Then a member of the Communist Party USA , Schulberg quit in protest after he was ordered by high-ranking Party member John Howard Lawson to make changes to the novel . In 1950 , Schulberg published The Disenchanted , about a young screenwriter who collaborates on a screenplay about a college winter festival with a famous novelist at the nadir of his career . The novelist ( who was then assumed by reviewers to be a thinly disguised portrait of Fitzgerald , who had died 10 years earlier ) is portrayed as a tragic , flawed figure , with whom the young screenwriter becomes disillusioned . The novel was the tenth bestselling novel in the United States in 1950 and was adapted as a Broadway play in 1958 , starring Jason Robards ( who won a Tony Award for his performance ) and George Grizzard as the character loosely based on Schulberg . In 1958 , Schulberg wrote and co-produced ( with his younger brother Stuart ) the film Wind Across the Everglades , directed by Nicholas Ray . Schulberg wrote the 1957 film A Face in the Crowd . Based on the short story in his book Some Faces in the Crowd , the film starred newcomer Andy Griffith as an obscure country singer who rises to fame and becomes extraordinarily manipulative to preserve his success and power . Schulberg encountered political controversy in 1951 when screenwriter Richard Collins , testifying to the House Un-American Activities Committee ( HUAC ) , named Schulberg as a former member of the Communist Party . Schulberg , still resentful of the influence Communist officials tried to exert over his fiction , testified as a friendly witness and explained how Communist Party members had sought to influence the content of What Makes Sammy Run ? and named names of other Hollywood communists Schulberg was also a sports writer and former chief boxing correspondent for Sports Illustrated . He wrote some well-received books on boxing , including Sparring with Hemingway . He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2002 in recognition of his contributions to the sport . In 1965 , after a devastating riot had ripped apart the fabric of the Watts section of Los Angeles , Schulberg formed the Watts Writers Workshop in an attempt to ease frustrations and bring artistic training to the economically impoverished district . In 1982 , Schulberg wrote Moving Pictures , Memoirs of a Hollywood Prince , an autobiography covering his youth in Hollywood growing up in the 1920s and 1930s among the famous motion picture actors and producers as the son of B.P . Schulberg , head of Paramount Studios . Personal life and death . Schulberg was married four times . In 1936 , he married his first wife , actress Virginia Jigee Lee Ray . They had one daughter , Victoria , before divorcing in 1942 . In 1943 , he married Victoria Vickee Anderson . They divorced in 1964 . They had two children : Stephen ( born 1944 ) and David ( born 1946 ) . David was a Vietnam veteran who predeceased his father . In 1964 , he married actress Geraldine Brooks . They were married until her death in 1977 ; they had no children . In 1977 , he married Betsy Ann Langman , stepdaughter of real estate developer Robert E . Simon , granddaughter of investment banker Maurice Wertheim and great-granddaughter of US ambassador Henry Morgenthau Sr. ; they had two children : Benn and Jessica . His niece Sandra Schulberg was an executive producer of the Academy Award-nominated film Quills . His mother , of The Ad Schulberg Agency , served as his agent until her death in 1977 . His brother , Stuart Schulberg , was a movie and television producer ( David Brinkleys Journal , The Today Show ) . His sister , Sonya Schulberg ( OSullivan ) ( 1918-2016 ) was an occasional writer ( novel They Cried a Little and stories ) . Budd Schulberg died August 5 , 2009 in his home in Quiogue , New York , aged 95 . Select film and TV credits . - A Star Is Born ( 1937 ) - uncredited writer - Nothing Sacred ( 1937 ) - uncredited writer - On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) - story , script - The Harder They Fall ( 1956 ) - based on his novel - A Face in the Crowd ( 1957 ) - story , script - Wind Across the Everglades ( 1958 ) - script , producer , uncredited directo
|
[
"Geraldine Brooks"
] |
[
{
"text": " Budd Schulberg ( born Seymour Wilson Schulberg , March 27 , 1914 – August 5 , 2009 ) was an American screenwriter , television producer , novelist and sports writer . He was known for his novels What Makes Sammy Run ? and The Harder They Fall , his Academy Award-winning screenplay for On the Waterfront , and his screenplay for A Face in the Crowd . Early life and education .",
"title": "Budd Schulberg"
},
{
"text": "Schulberg was raised in a Jewish family the son of Hollywood film-producer B.P . Schulberg and Adeline ( née Jaffe ) Schulberg , who founded a talent agency taken over by her brother , agent/film producer Sam Jaffe . In 1931 , when Schulberg was 17 , his father left the family to live with actress Sylvia Sidney . His parents divorced in 1933 .",
"title": "Budd Schulberg"
},
{
"text": " Schulberg attended Deerfield Academy and then went on to Dartmouth College , where he was actively involved in the Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern humor magazine and was a member of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity . In 1939 , he collaborated on the screenplay for Winter Carnival , a light comedy set at Dartmouth . One of his collaborators was F . Scott Fitzgerald , who was fired because of his alcoholic binge during a visit with Schulberg to Dartmouth . Dartmouth College awarded Schulberg an honorary degree in 1960 .",
"title": "Budd Schulberg"
},
{
"text": "While serving in the Navy during World War II , Schulberg was assigned to the Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) , working with John Fords documentary unit . Following VE Day , he was reportedly among the first American servicemen to liberate the Nazi concentration camps . He was involved in gathering evidence against war criminals for the Nuremberg Trials , an assignment that included arresting documentary film maker Leni Riefenstahl at her chalet in Kitzbühel , Austria , ostensibly to have her identify the faces of Nazi war criminals in German film footage captured by the Allied",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": "troops . Riefenstahl claimed she was not aware of the nature of the concentration camps . According to Schulberg , She gave me the usual song and dance . She said Of course , you know , Im really so misunderstood . Im not political .",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"text": " Being the son of a successful Hollywood producer gave Schulberg an insiders viewpoint on the true happenings of Hollywood , which was reflected in much of his writing .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "His 1941 novel What Makes Sammy Run ? allowed the public to see the harshness of Hollywood stardom via Sammy Glicks rise to power in a major Hollywood film studio . This novel was criticized by some as being self-directed anti-semitism . Then a member of the Communist Party USA , Schulberg quit in protest after he was ordered by high-ranking Party member John Howard Lawson to make changes to the novel .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 1950 , Schulberg published The Disenchanted , about a young screenwriter who collaborates on a screenplay about a college winter festival with a famous novelist at the nadir of his career . The novelist ( who was then assumed by reviewers to be a thinly disguised portrait of Fitzgerald , who had died 10 years earlier ) is portrayed as a tragic , flawed figure , with whom the young screenwriter becomes disillusioned . The novel was the tenth bestselling novel in the United States in 1950 and was adapted as a Broadway play in 1958 , starring Jason",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Robards ( who won a Tony Award for his performance ) and George Grizzard as the character loosely based on Schulberg . In 1958 , Schulberg wrote and co-produced ( with his younger brother Stuart ) the film Wind Across the Everglades , directed by Nicholas Ray .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Schulberg wrote the 1957 film A Face in the Crowd . Based on the short story in his book Some Faces in the Crowd , the film starred newcomer Andy Griffith as an obscure country singer who rises to fame and becomes extraordinarily manipulative to preserve his success and power .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Schulberg encountered political controversy in 1951 when screenwriter Richard Collins , testifying to the House Un-American Activities Committee ( HUAC ) , named Schulberg as a former member of the Communist Party . Schulberg , still resentful of the influence Communist officials tried to exert over his fiction , testified as a friendly witness and explained how Communist Party members had sought to influence the content of What Makes Sammy Run ? and named names of other Hollywood communists",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Schulberg was also a sports writer and former chief boxing correspondent for Sports Illustrated . He wrote some well-received books on boxing , including Sparring with Hemingway . He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2002 in recognition of his contributions to the sport . In 1965 , after a devastating riot had ripped apart the fabric of the Watts section of Los Angeles , Schulberg formed the Watts Writers Workshop in an attempt to ease frustrations and bring artistic training to the economically impoverished district .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "In 1982 , Schulberg wrote Moving Pictures , Memoirs of a Hollywood Prince , an autobiography covering his youth in Hollywood growing up in the 1920s and 1930s among the famous motion picture actors and producers as the son of B.P . Schulberg , head of Paramount Studios .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Schulberg was married four times . In 1936 , he married his first wife , actress Virginia Jigee Lee Ray . They had one daughter , Victoria , before divorcing in 1942 . In 1943 , he married Victoria Vickee Anderson . They divorced in 1964 . They had two children : Stephen ( born 1944 ) and David ( born 1946 ) . David was a Vietnam veteran who predeceased his father . In 1964 , he married actress Geraldine Brooks . They were married until her death in 1977 ; they had no children . In 1977 ,",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "he married Betsy Ann Langman , stepdaughter of real estate developer Robert E . Simon , granddaughter of investment banker Maurice Wertheim and great-granddaughter of US ambassador Henry Morgenthau Sr. ; they had two children : Benn and Jessica .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " His niece Sandra Schulberg was an executive producer of the Academy Award-nominated film Quills . His mother , of The Ad Schulberg Agency , served as his agent until her death in 1977 . His brother , Stuart Schulberg , was a movie and television producer ( David Brinkleys Journal , The Today Show ) . His sister , Sonya Schulberg ( OSullivan ) ( 1918-2016 ) was an occasional writer ( novel They Cried a Little and stories ) .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Budd Schulberg died August 5 , 2009 in his home in Quiogue , New York , aged 95 .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Select film and TV credits . - A Star Is Born ( 1937 ) - uncredited writer - Nothing Sacred ( 1937 ) - uncredited writer - On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) - story , script - The Harder They Fall ( 1956 ) - based on his novel - A Face in the Crowd ( 1957 ) - story , script - Wind Across the Everglades ( 1958 ) - script , producer , uncredited directo",
"title": "Career"
}
] |
/wiki/Chris_Lattner#P108#0
|
Chris Lattner was an employee for whom between Jun 2010 and Nov 2010?
|
Chris Lattner Chris Lattner ( born 1978 ) is an American software engineer best known as the main author of LLVM and related projects such as the Clang compiler and the Swift programming language . He joined SiFive as Senior Vice President of Platform Engineering , after two years at Google Brain . Prior to that , he briefly served as Vice President of Autopilot Software at Tesla , Inc . and worked at Apple Inc . as Senior Director of the Developer Tools department , leading the Xcode , Instruments , and compiler teams . Background . Lattner studied computer science at the University of Portland , Oregon , graduating in 2000 . While in Oregon , he worked as an operating system developer , enhancing Sequent Computer Systemss DYNIX/ptx . He is married to compiler engineer Tanya Lattner , who co-founded and is president and COO of the LLVM Foundation since 2015 . LLVM . In late 2000 , Lattner joined the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as a research assistant and M.Sc . student . While working with Vikram Adve , he designed and began implementing LLVM , an innovative infrastructure for optimizing compilers , which was the subject of his 2002 M.Sc . thesis . He completed his Ph.D . in 2005 , researching new techniques for optimizing pointer-intensive programs and adding them to LLVM . In 2005 , Apple Inc . hired Lattner to begin work bringing LLVM to production quality for use in Apple products . Over time , Lattner built out the technology , personally implementing many major new features in LLVM , formed and built a team of LLVM developers at Apple , started the Clang project , took responsibility for evolving Objective-C ( contributing to the blocks language feature , and driving the ARC and Objective-C literals features ) , and nurtured the open source community ( leading it through many open source releases ) . Apple first shipped LLVM-based technology in the 10.5 ( and 10.4.8 ) OpenGL stack as a just-in-time ( JIT ) compiler , shipped the llvm-gcc compiler in the integrated development environment ( IDE ) Xcode 3.1 , Clang 1.0 in Xcode 3.2 , Clang 2.0 ( with C++ support ) in Xcode 4.0 , and LLDB , libc++ , assemblers , and disassembler technology in later releases . Lattners recent work involves designing , implementing , and evangelizing the LLVM and Clang compilers , productizing and driving the debugger LLDB , and overseeing development of the low-level toolchain . As of 2016 , LLVM technologies are the core of Apples developer tools and the default toolchain on FreeBSD . In June 2010 , the Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ) Special Interest Group on programming languages ( SIGPLAN ) gave Lattner its inaugural ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award for his design and development of the Low Level Virtual Machine , noting that Professor Adve has stated : Lattner’s talent as a compiler architect , together with his programming skills , technical vision , and leadership ability were crucial to the success of LLVM . In April 2013 , the ACM awarded Lattner its Software System Award , which is presented to anyone recognized for developing a software system that has had a lasting influence , reflected in contributions to concepts , in commercial acceptance , or both . Swift . Swift is an open source programming language with first-class functions for iOS and macOS development , created by Apple and introduced at Apples developer conference Apple Worldwide Developers Conference ( WWDC ) 2014 . Swift is designed to coexist with Objective-C , the object-oriented programming language formerly preferred by Apple , and to be more resilient against erroneous code . It is built with the LLVM compiler included in Xcode 6 . Lattner began developing Swift in 2010 , with the eventual collaboration of many other programmers . On June 2 , 2014 , the WWDC app became the first publicly released app that used Swift . Lattner announced that the Project Lead role had been transferred to Ted Kremenek , and that Lattner would leave Apple in January 2017 .
|
[
"Apple Inc"
] |
[
{
"text": " Chris Lattner ( born 1978 ) is an American software engineer best known as the main author of LLVM and related projects such as the Clang compiler and the Swift programming language . He joined SiFive as Senior Vice President of Platform Engineering , after two years at Google Brain . Prior to that , he briefly served as Vice President of Autopilot Software at Tesla , Inc . and worked at Apple Inc . as Senior Director of the Developer Tools department , leading the Xcode , Instruments , and compiler teams .",
"title": "Chris Lattner"
},
{
"text": " Lattner studied computer science at the University of Portland , Oregon , graduating in 2000 . While in Oregon , he worked as an operating system developer , enhancing Sequent Computer Systemss DYNIX/ptx . He is married to compiler engineer Tanya Lattner , who co-founded and is president and COO of the LLVM Foundation since 2015 .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": " In late 2000 , Lattner joined the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as a research assistant and M.Sc . student . While working with Vikram Adve , he designed and began implementing LLVM , an innovative infrastructure for optimizing compilers , which was the subject of his 2002 M.Sc . thesis . He completed his Ph.D . in 2005 , researching new techniques for optimizing pointer-intensive programs and adding them to LLVM .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": "In 2005 , Apple Inc . hired Lattner to begin work bringing LLVM to production quality for use in Apple products . Over time , Lattner built out the technology , personally implementing many major new features in LLVM , formed and built a team of LLVM developers at Apple , started the Clang project , took responsibility for evolving Objective-C ( contributing to the blocks language feature , and driving the ARC and Objective-C literals features ) , and nurtured the open source community ( leading it through many open source releases ) . Apple first shipped LLVM-based technology",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": "in the 10.5 ( and 10.4.8 ) OpenGL stack as a just-in-time ( JIT ) compiler , shipped the llvm-gcc compiler in the integrated development environment ( IDE ) Xcode 3.1 , Clang 1.0 in Xcode 3.2 , Clang 2.0 ( with C++ support ) in Xcode 4.0 , and LLDB , libc++ , assemblers , and disassembler technology in later releases .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": " Lattners recent work involves designing , implementing , and evangelizing the LLVM and Clang compilers , productizing and driving the debugger LLDB , and overseeing development of the low-level toolchain . As of 2016 , LLVM technologies are the core of Apples developer tools and the default toolchain on FreeBSD .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": "In June 2010 , the Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ) Special Interest Group on programming languages ( SIGPLAN ) gave Lattner its inaugural ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award for his design and development of the Low Level Virtual Machine , noting that Professor Adve has stated : Lattner’s talent as a compiler architect , together with his programming skills , technical vision , and leadership ability were crucial to the success of LLVM .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": " In April 2013 , the ACM awarded Lattner its Software System Award , which is presented to anyone recognized for developing a software system that has had a lasting influence , reflected in contributions to concepts , in commercial acceptance , or both .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": " Swift is an open source programming language with first-class functions for iOS and macOS development , created by Apple and introduced at Apples developer conference Apple Worldwide Developers Conference ( WWDC ) 2014 . Swift is designed to coexist with Objective-C , the object-oriented programming language formerly preferred by Apple , and to be more resilient against erroneous code . It is built with the LLVM compiler included in Xcode 6 .",
"title": "Swift"
},
{
"text": "Lattner began developing Swift in 2010 , with the eventual collaboration of many other programmers . On June 2 , 2014 , the WWDC app became the first publicly released app that used Swift .",
"title": "Swift"
},
{
"text": " Lattner announced that the Project Lead role had been transferred to Ted Kremenek , and that Lattner would leave Apple in January 2017 .",
"title": "Swift"
}
] |
/wiki/Chris_Lattner#P108#1
|
Chris Lattner was an employee for whom in 2017?
|
Chris Lattner Chris Lattner ( born 1978 ) is an American software engineer best known as the main author of LLVM and related projects such as the Clang compiler and the Swift programming language . He joined SiFive as Senior Vice President of Platform Engineering , after two years at Google Brain . Prior to that , he briefly served as Vice President of Autopilot Software at Tesla , Inc . and worked at Apple Inc . as Senior Director of the Developer Tools department , leading the Xcode , Instruments , and compiler teams . Background . Lattner studied computer science at the University of Portland , Oregon , graduating in 2000 . While in Oregon , he worked as an operating system developer , enhancing Sequent Computer Systemss DYNIX/ptx . He is married to compiler engineer Tanya Lattner , who co-founded and is president and COO of the LLVM Foundation since 2015 . LLVM . In late 2000 , Lattner joined the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as a research assistant and M.Sc . student . While working with Vikram Adve , he designed and began implementing LLVM , an innovative infrastructure for optimizing compilers , which was the subject of his 2002 M.Sc . thesis . He completed his Ph.D . in 2005 , researching new techniques for optimizing pointer-intensive programs and adding them to LLVM . In 2005 , Apple Inc . hired Lattner to begin work bringing LLVM to production quality for use in Apple products . Over time , Lattner built out the technology , personally implementing many major new features in LLVM , formed and built a team of LLVM developers at Apple , started the Clang project , took responsibility for evolving Objective-C ( contributing to the blocks language feature , and driving the ARC and Objective-C literals features ) , and nurtured the open source community ( leading it through many open source releases ) . Apple first shipped LLVM-based technology in the 10.5 ( and 10.4.8 ) OpenGL stack as a just-in-time ( JIT ) compiler , shipped the llvm-gcc compiler in the integrated development environment ( IDE ) Xcode 3.1 , Clang 1.0 in Xcode 3.2 , Clang 2.0 ( with C++ support ) in Xcode 4.0 , and LLDB , libc++ , assemblers , and disassembler technology in later releases . Lattners recent work involves designing , implementing , and evangelizing the LLVM and Clang compilers , productizing and driving the debugger LLDB , and overseeing development of the low-level toolchain . As of 2016 , LLVM technologies are the core of Apples developer tools and the default toolchain on FreeBSD . In June 2010 , the Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ) Special Interest Group on programming languages ( SIGPLAN ) gave Lattner its inaugural ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award for his design and development of the Low Level Virtual Machine , noting that Professor Adve has stated : Lattner’s talent as a compiler architect , together with his programming skills , technical vision , and leadership ability were crucial to the success of LLVM . In April 2013 , the ACM awarded Lattner its Software System Award , which is presented to anyone recognized for developing a software system that has had a lasting influence , reflected in contributions to concepts , in commercial acceptance , or both . Swift . Swift is an open source programming language with first-class functions for iOS and macOS development , created by Apple and introduced at Apples developer conference Apple Worldwide Developers Conference ( WWDC ) 2014 . Swift is designed to coexist with Objective-C , the object-oriented programming language formerly preferred by Apple , and to be more resilient against erroneous code . It is built with the LLVM compiler included in Xcode 6 . Lattner began developing Swift in 2010 , with the eventual collaboration of many other programmers . On June 2 , 2014 , the WWDC app became the first publicly released app that used Swift . Lattner announced that the Project Lead role had been transferred to Ted Kremenek , and that Lattner would leave Apple in January 2017 .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Chris Lattner ( born 1978 ) is an American software engineer best known as the main author of LLVM and related projects such as the Clang compiler and the Swift programming language . He joined SiFive as Senior Vice President of Platform Engineering , after two years at Google Brain . Prior to that , he briefly served as Vice President of Autopilot Software at Tesla , Inc . and worked at Apple Inc . as Senior Director of the Developer Tools department , leading the Xcode , Instruments , and compiler teams .",
"title": "Chris Lattner"
},
{
"text": " Lattner studied computer science at the University of Portland , Oregon , graduating in 2000 . While in Oregon , he worked as an operating system developer , enhancing Sequent Computer Systemss DYNIX/ptx . He is married to compiler engineer Tanya Lattner , who co-founded and is president and COO of the LLVM Foundation since 2015 .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": " In late 2000 , Lattner joined the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as a research assistant and M.Sc . student . While working with Vikram Adve , he designed and began implementing LLVM , an innovative infrastructure for optimizing compilers , which was the subject of his 2002 M.Sc . thesis . He completed his Ph.D . in 2005 , researching new techniques for optimizing pointer-intensive programs and adding them to LLVM .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": "In 2005 , Apple Inc . hired Lattner to begin work bringing LLVM to production quality for use in Apple products . Over time , Lattner built out the technology , personally implementing many major new features in LLVM , formed and built a team of LLVM developers at Apple , started the Clang project , took responsibility for evolving Objective-C ( contributing to the blocks language feature , and driving the ARC and Objective-C literals features ) , and nurtured the open source community ( leading it through many open source releases ) . Apple first shipped LLVM-based technology",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": "in the 10.5 ( and 10.4.8 ) OpenGL stack as a just-in-time ( JIT ) compiler , shipped the llvm-gcc compiler in the integrated development environment ( IDE ) Xcode 3.1 , Clang 1.0 in Xcode 3.2 , Clang 2.0 ( with C++ support ) in Xcode 4.0 , and LLDB , libc++ , assemblers , and disassembler technology in later releases .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": " Lattners recent work involves designing , implementing , and evangelizing the LLVM and Clang compilers , productizing and driving the debugger LLDB , and overseeing development of the low-level toolchain . As of 2016 , LLVM technologies are the core of Apples developer tools and the default toolchain on FreeBSD .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": "In June 2010 , the Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ) Special Interest Group on programming languages ( SIGPLAN ) gave Lattner its inaugural ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award for his design and development of the Low Level Virtual Machine , noting that Professor Adve has stated : Lattner’s talent as a compiler architect , together with his programming skills , technical vision , and leadership ability were crucial to the success of LLVM .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": " In April 2013 , the ACM awarded Lattner its Software System Award , which is presented to anyone recognized for developing a software system that has had a lasting influence , reflected in contributions to concepts , in commercial acceptance , or both .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": " Swift is an open source programming language with first-class functions for iOS and macOS development , created by Apple and introduced at Apples developer conference Apple Worldwide Developers Conference ( WWDC ) 2014 . Swift is designed to coexist with Objective-C , the object-oriented programming language formerly preferred by Apple , and to be more resilient against erroneous code . It is built with the LLVM compiler included in Xcode 6 .",
"title": "Swift"
},
{
"text": "Lattner began developing Swift in 2010 , with the eventual collaboration of many other programmers . On June 2 , 2014 , the WWDC app became the first publicly released app that used Swift .",
"title": "Swift"
},
{
"text": " Lattner announced that the Project Lead role had been transferred to Ted Kremenek , and that Lattner would leave Apple in January 2017 .",
"title": "Swift"
}
] |
/wiki/Chris_Lattner#P108#2
|
Chris Lattner was an employee for whom in Apr 2017?
|
Chris Lattner Chris Lattner ( born 1978 ) is an American software engineer best known as the main author of LLVM and related projects such as the Clang compiler and the Swift programming language . He joined SiFive as Senior Vice President of Platform Engineering , after two years at Google Brain . Prior to that , he briefly served as Vice President of Autopilot Software at Tesla , Inc . and worked at Apple Inc . as Senior Director of the Developer Tools department , leading the Xcode , Instruments , and compiler teams . Background . Lattner studied computer science at the University of Portland , Oregon , graduating in 2000 . While in Oregon , he worked as an operating system developer , enhancing Sequent Computer Systemss DYNIX/ptx . He is married to compiler engineer Tanya Lattner , who co-founded and is president and COO of the LLVM Foundation since 2015 . LLVM . In late 2000 , Lattner joined the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as a research assistant and M.Sc . student . While working with Vikram Adve , he designed and began implementing LLVM , an innovative infrastructure for optimizing compilers , which was the subject of his 2002 M.Sc . thesis . He completed his Ph.D . in 2005 , researching new techniques for optimizing pointer-intensive programs and adding them to LLVM . In 2005 , Apple Inc . hired Lattner to begin work bringing LLVM to production quality for use in Apple products . Over time , Lattner built out the technology , personally implementing many major new features in LLVM , formed and built a team of LLVM developers at Apple , started the Clang project , took responsibility for evolving Objective-C ( contributing to the blocks language feature , and driving the ARC and Objective-C literals features ) , and nurtured the open source community ( leading it through many open source releases ) . Apple first shipped LLVM-based technology in the 10.5 ( and 10.4.8 ) OpenGL stack as a just-in-time ( JIT ) compiler , shipped the llvm-gcc compiler in the integrated development environment ( IDE ) Xcode 3.1 , Clang 1.0 in Xcode 3.2 , Clang 2.0 ( with C++ support ) in Xcode 4.0 , and LLDB , libc++ , assemblers , and disassembler technology in later releases . Lattners recent work involves designing , implementing , and evangelizing the LLVM and Clang compilers , productizing and driving the debugger LLDB , and overseeing development of the low-level toolchain . As of 2016 , LLVM technologies are the core of Apples developer tools and the default toolchain on FreeBSD . In June 2010 , the Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ) Special Interest Group on programming languages ( SIGPLAN ) gave Lattner its inaugural ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award for his design and development of the Low Level Virtual Machine , noting that Professor Adve has stated : Lattner’s talent as a compiler architect , together with his programming skills , technical vision , and leadership ability were crucial to the success of LLVM . In April 2013 , the ACM awarded Lattner its Software System Award , which is presented to anyone recognized for developing a software system that has had a lasting influence , reflected in contributions to concepts , in commercial acceptance , or both . Swift . Swift is an open source programming language with first-class functions for iOS and macOS development , created by Apple and introduced at Apples developer conference Apple Worldwide Developers Conference ( WWDC ) 2014 . Swift is designed to coexist with Objective-C , the object-oriented programming language formerly preferred by Apple , and to be more resilient against erroneous code . It is built with the LLVM compiler included in Xcode 6 . Lattner began developing Swift in 2010 , with the eventual collaboration of many other programmers . On June 2 , 2014 , the WWDC app became the first publicly released app that used Swift . Lattner announced that the Project Lead role had been transferred to Ted Kremenek , and that Lattner would leave Apple in January 2017 .
|
[
"Tesla , Inc"
] |
[
{
"text": " Chris Lattner ( born 1978 ) is an American software engineer best known as the main author of LLVM and related projects such as the Clang compiler and the Swift programming language . He joined SiFive as Senior Vice President of Platform Engineering , after two years at Google Brain . Prior to that , he briefly served as Vice President of Autopilot Software at Tesla , Inc . and worked at Apple Inc . as Senior Director of the Developer Tools department , leading the Xcode , Instruments , and compiler teams .",
"title": "Chris Lattner"
},
{
"text": " Lattner studied computer science at the University of Portland , Oregon , graduating in 2000 . While in Oregon , he worked as an operating system developer , enhancing Sequent Computer Systemss DYNIX/ptx . He is married to compiler engineer Tanya Lattner , who co-founded and is president and COO of the LLVM Foundation since 2015 .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": " In late 2000 , Lattner joined the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as a research assistant and M.Sc . student . While working with Vikram Adve , he designed and began implementing LLVM , an innovative infrastructure for optimizing compilers , which was the subject of his 2002 M.Sc . thesis . He completed his Ph.D . in 2005 , researching new techniques for optimizing pointer-intensive programs and adding them to LLVM .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": "In 2005 , Apple Inc . hired Lattner to begin work bringing LLVM to production quality for use in Apple products . Over time , Lattner built out the technology , personally implementing many major new features in LLVM , formed and built a team of LLVM developers at Apple , started the Clang project , took responsibility for evolving Objective-C ( contributing to the blocks language feature , and driving the ARC and Objective-C literals features ) , and nurtured the open source community ( leading it through many open source releases ) . Apple first shipped LLVM-based technology",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": "in the 10.5 ( and 10.4.8 ) OpenGL stack as a just-in-time ( JIT ) compiler , shipped the llvm-gcc compiler in the integrated development environment ( IDE ) Xcode 3.1 , Clang 1.0 in Xcode 3.2 , Clang 2.0 ( with C++ support ) in Xcode 4.0 , and LLDB , libc++ , assemblers , and disassembler technology in later releases .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": " Lattners recent work involves designing , implementing , and evangelizing the LLVM and Clang compilers , productizing and driving the debugger LLDB , and overseeing development of the low-level toolchain . As of 2016 , LLVM technologies are the core of Apples developer tools and the default toolchain on FreeBSD .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": "In June 2010 , the Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ) Special Interest Group on programming languages ( SIGPLAN ) gave Lattner its inaugural ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award for his design and development of the Low Level Virtual Machine , noting that Professor Adve has stated : Lattner’s talent as a compiler architect , together with his programming skills , technical vision , and leadership ability were crucial to the success of LLVM .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": " In April 2013 , the ACM awarded Lattner its Software System Award , which is presented to anyone recognized for developing a software system that has had a lasting influence , reflected in contributions to concepts , in commercial acceptance , or both .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": " Swift is an open source programming language with first-class functions for iOS and macOS development , created by Apple and introduced at Apples developer conference Apple Worldwide Developers Conference ( WWDC ) 2014 . Swift is designed to coexist with Objective-C , the object-oriented programming language formerly preferred by Apple , and to be more resilient against erroneous code . It is built with the LLVM compiler included in Xcode 6 .",
"title": "Swift"
},
{
"text": "Lattner began developing Swift in 2010 , with the eventual collaboration of many other programmers . On June 2 , 2014 , the WWDC app became the first publicly released app that used Swift .",
"title": "Swift"
},
{
"text": " Lattner announced that the Project Lead role had been transferred to Ted Kremenek , and that Lattner would leave Apple in January 2017 .",
"title": "Swift"
}
] |
/wiki/Chris_Lattner#P108#3
|
Chris Lattner was an employee for whom in Apr 2018?
|
Chris Lattner Chris Lattner ( born 1978 ) is an American software engineer best known as the main author of LLVM and related projects such as the Clang compiler and the Swift programming language . He joined SiFive as Senior Vice President of Platform Engineering , after two years at Google Brain . Prior to that , he briefly served as Vice President of Autopilot Software at Tesla , Inc . and worked at Apple Inc . as Senior Director of the Developer Tools department , leading the Xcode , Instruments , and compiler teams . Background . Lattner studied computer science at the University of Portland , Oregon , graduating in 2000 . While in Oregon , he worked as an operating system developer , enhancing Sequent Computer Systemss DYNIX/ptx . He is married to compiler engineer Tanya Lattner , who co-founded and is president and COO of the LLVM Foundation since 2015 . LLVM . In late 2000 , Lattner joined the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as a research assistant and M.Sc . student . While working with Vikram Adve , he designed and began implementing LLVM , an innovative infrastructure for optimizing compilers , which was the subject of his 2002 M.Sc . thesis . He completed his Ph.D . in 2005 , researching new techniques for optimizing pointer-intensive programs and adding them to LLVM . In 2005 , Apple Inc . hired Lattner to begin work bringing LLVM to production quality for use in Apple products . Over time , Lattner built out the technology , personally implementing many major new features in LLVM , formed and built a team of LLVM developers at Apple , started the Clang project , took responsibility for evolving Objective-C ( contributing to the blocks language feature , and driving the ARC and Objective-C literals features ) , and nurtured the open source community ( leading it through many open source releases ) . Apple first shipped LLVM-based technology in the 10.5 ( and 10.4.8 ) OpenGL stack as a just-in-time ( JIT ) compiler , shipped the llvm-gcc compiler in the integrated development environment ( IDE ) Xcode 3.1 , Clang 1.0 in Xcode 3.2 , Clang 2.0 ( with C++ support ) in Xcode 4.0 , and LLDB , libc++ , assemblers , and disassembler technology in later releases . Lattners recent work involves designing , implementing , and evangelizing the LLVM and Clang compilers , productizing and driving the debugger LLDB , and overseeing development of the low-level toolchain . As of 2016 , LLVM technologies are the core of Apples developer tools and the default toolchain on FreeBSD . In June 2010 , the Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ) Special Interest Group on programming languages ( SIGPLAN ) gave Lattner its inaugural ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award for his design and development of the Low Level Virtual Machine , noting that Professor Adve has stated : Lattner’s talent as a compiler architect , together with his programming skills , technical vision , and leadership ability were crucial to the success of LLVM . In April 2013 , the ACM awarded Lattner its Software System Award , which is presented to anyone recognized for developing a software system that has had a lasting influence , reflected in contributions to concepts , in commercial acceptance , or both . Swift . Swift is an open source programming language with first-class functions for iOS and macOS development , created by Apple and introduced at Apples developer conference Apple Worldwide Developers Conference ( WWDC ) 2014 . Swift is designed to coexist with Objective-C , the object-oriented programming language formerly preferred by Apple , and to be more resilient against erroneous code . It is built with the LLVM compiler included in Xcode 6 . Lattner began developing Swift in 2010 , with the eventual collaboration of many other programmers . On June 2 , 2014 , the WWDC app became the first publicly released app that used Swift . Lattner announced that the Project Lead role had been transferred to Ted Kremenek , and that Lattner would leave Apple in January 2017 .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Chris Lattner ( born 1978 ) is an American software engineer best known as the main author of LLVM and related projects such as the Clang compiler and the Swift programming language . He joined SiFive as Senior Vice President of Platform Engineering , after two years at Google Brain . Prior to that , he briefly served as Vice President of Autopilot Software at Tesla , Inc . and worked at Apple Inc . as Senior Director of the Developer Tools department , leading the Xcode , Instruments , and compiler teams .",
"title": "Chris Lattner"
},
{
"text": " Lattner studied computer science at the University of Portland , Oregon , graduating in 2000 . While in Oregon , he worked as an operating system developer , enhancing Sequent Computer Systemss DYNIX/ptx . He is married to compiler engineer Tanya Lattner , who co-founded and is president and COO of the LLVM Foundation since 2015 .",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"text": " In late 2000 , Lattner joined the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as a research assistant and M.Sc . student . While working with Vikram Adve , he designed and began implementing LLVM , an innovative infrastructure for optimizing compilers , which was the subject of his 2002 M.Sc . thesis . He completed his Ph.D . in 2005 , researching new techniques for optimizing pointer-intensive programs and adding them to LLVM .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": "In 2005 , Apple Inc . hired Lattner to begin work bringing LLVM to production quality for use in Apple products . Over time , Lattner built out the technology , personally implementing many major new features in LLVM , formed and built a team of LLVM developers at Apple , started the Clang project , took responsibility for evolving Objective-C ( contributing to the blocks language feature , and driving the ARC and Objective-C literals features ) , and nurtured the open source community ( leading it through many open source releases ) . Apple first shipped LLVM-based technology",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": "in the 10.5 ( and 10.4.8 ) OpenGL stack as a just-in-time ( JIT ) compiler , shipped the llvm-gcc compiler in the integrated development environment ( IDE ) Xcode 3.1 , Clang 1.0 in Xcode 3.2 , Clang 2.0 ( with C++ support ) in Xcode 4.0 , and LLDB , libc++ , assemblers , and disassembler technology in later releases .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": " Lattners recent work involves designing , implementing , and evangelizing the LLVM and Clang compilers , productizing and driving the debugger LLDB , and overseeing development of the low-level toolchain . As of 2016 , LLVM technologies are the core of Apples developer tools and the default toolchain on FreeBSD .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": "In June 2010 , the Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ) Special Interest Group on programming languages ( SIGPLAN ) gave Lattner its inaugural ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award for his design and development of the Low Level Virtual Machine , noting that Professor Adve has stated : Lattner’s talent as a compiler architect , together with his programming skills , technical vision , and leadership ability were crucial to the success of LLVM .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": " In April 2013 , the ACM awarded Lattner its Software System Award , which is presented to anyone recognized for developing a software system that has had a lasting influence , reflected in contributions to concepts , in commercial acceptance , or both .",
"title": "LLVM"
},
{
"text": " Swift is an open source programming language with first-class functions for iOS and macOS development , created by Apple and introduced at Apples developer conference Apple Worldwide Developers Conference ( WWDC ) 2014 . Swift is designed to coexist with Objective-C , the object-oriented programming language formerly preferred by Apple , and to be more resilient against erroneous code . It is built with the LLVM compiler included in Xcode 6 .",
"title": "Swift"
},
{
"text": "Lattner began developing Swift in 2010 , with the eventual collaboration of many other programmers . On June 2 , 2014 , the WWDC app became the first publicly released app that used Swift .",
"title": "Swift"
},
{
"text": " Lattner announced that the Project Lead role had been transferred to Ted Kremenek , and that Lattner would leave Apple in January 2017 .",
"title": "Swift"
}
] |
/wiki/Mateo_Kovačić#P54#0
|
Which team did the player Mateo Kovačić belong to before Jul 2002?
|
Mateo Kovačić Mateo Kovačić ( ; born 6 May 1994 ) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Chelsea and the Croatia national team . Kovačić is usually deployed as a central midfielder or box to box midfielder , but he is considered to be a versatile midfielder who can play in deeper positions . He also adapted to playing either wide on the left or as an attacking midfielder earlier in his career . Kovačić began his professional career with Dinamo Zagreb at the age of 16 , with whom he won two consecutive league titles , before joining Inter Milan in 2013 . After the 2014–15 season , he moved to Real Madrid , where he won the 2015–16 , 2016–17 and 2017–18 Champions League . He joined Chelsea on one-year loan in 2018 , winning the 2018–19 Europa League in the process and eventually signing permanently for the Premier League club . After the 2019–20 season , he was named Chelsea Player of the Year . A full Croatian international since 2013 , Kovačić represented the nation at the 2014 FIFA World Cup , UEFA Euro 2016 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup , reaching the final of the latter tournament . He was nicknamed Il Professore ( The Professor ) by the Italian sports journalists . Club career . Youth career . Kovačić began playing at an early age at the local LASK Linzs academy . In 2007 , when Kovačić was 13 , he was spotted by scouts from several prominent European clubs , including Ajax , Inter Milan , Juventus and Bayern Munich , but his family opted to move to Zagreb instead , where he joined the academy of Croatian giants Dinamo Zagreb . Kovačić suffered a serious injury in 2009 in which his leg was broken , but he returned to the pitch after a lengthy recovery on 31 May 2010 , appearing in the last match of the Croatian under-17 academy league , in a friendly 5–0 win against RNK Split under-17s . Dinamo Zagreb . Kovačić started training with the clubs senior squad under manager , Vahid Halilhodžić , four months later , on 6 October 2010 , but continued to appear for the club in academy league matches during October . Later that month , it was reported by the local sports daily , Sportske novosti , that Arsenals chief scout , Steve Rowley , had arrived in Zagreb to watch him perform in under-17 matches against Cibalia and NK Zagreb . Kovačić eventually had his professional league debut in the 2010–11 Croatian First Football League away match against Hrvatski Dragovoljac on 20 November 2010 , in which he scored Dinamos fourth goal in their 6–0 win . This made him the youngest goalscorer in the history of the league , at the age of 16 years and 198 days , breaking the record set only a week earlier by Dino Špehar who had scored for NK Osijek at the age of 16 years and 278 days on 13 November 2010 . In his first senior season with Dinamo Zagreb he managed to appear in 7 matches , making a contribution in winning the league title . In the 2011–12 season , Kovačić rapidly established himself as a first team regular . He played mainly in the position of left midfielder in 4–2–3–1 system . In the beginning of the season , he helped the team reach the Group Stage of the seasons Champions League for the first time in 12 years . Being only 17 years old , he appeared in the starting lineup of Dinamos first group match against Real Madrid . He finished his first European season with Dinamo by scoring a goal against Olympique Lyonnais in the last game of the Group Stage in Zagreb and thus became the second youngest ever scorer in the Champions League . In the domestic league , he was a regular starter , appearing in 25 league matches and scoring five goals in the process . During a league match against NK Lučko , he became the youngest player to wear the captains armband in Dinamos history , taking the captaincy from Leandro Cufre . It was another successful season for him in domestic competitions as he appeared in 32 domestic league and cup matches during that season , helping Dinamo to win their seventh consecutive league title . He also scored in the Croatian Cup final against NK Osijek on Maksimir Stadium . In December 2011 , he was named Croatian Football Hope of the Year . In the beginning of 2012–13 season , he suffered a metatarsal bone injury that caused him to miss several games on the clubs qualifying road to another Champions League . He returned just in time to play in Dinamos first Champions League game against Porto . Kovačić played in all six Dinamo Zagrebs matches in the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League group stage , against Porto , Paris Saint-Germain and Dynamo Kyiv . He continued to impress with his mature performances at a young age during the first half of the season . In October 2012 , he was nominated for Golden Boy , an award given by sports journalists to a young player from Europe perceived to have been the most impressive during a season . During the seasons winter break , Dinamos board threw away the speculations about Kovačić leaving the club in the near future by saying they are building a new team around him and another rising star , Alen Halilović . However , on 30 January 2013 , the media surprisingly revealed Kovačić was sold to Italian Serie A club Inter Milan . During his time with Dinamo , Kovačić won two domestic league titles and two Croatian Cup titles , appearing in a total of 73 official matches , including 12 appearances in the UEFA Champions League . Inter Milan . On 31 January 2013 , Kovačić agreed to a transfer to Inter Milan . It was revealed the deal was worth €15 million in total , with €11 million paid immediately and €4 million when and if Inter qualifies for the UEFA Champions League . Upon his arrival , Kovačić was given the number 10 shirt , previously worn by Wesley Sneijder . 2012–13 season . Kovačić made his Inter Milan debut three days later on 3 February , coming on as a half-time substitute in a Serie A match against Siena . On 14 February , Kovačić made his European debut before the home crowd at San Siro in UEFA Europa League match against CFR Cluj . He provided the winning assist for Rodrigo Palacio , who made it 2–0 for Inter , impressing the crowd with his performance , and was given standing ovations while being substituted off in the 89th minute . He also played full 90 minutes in the 3–0 away win against CFR Cluj as Inter proceeded to the next round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League . Kovačić made his first domestic league start for Inter in the next round of Serie A in a 1–4 away loss against Fiorentina . In the round of 16 of the UEFA Europa League , Inter was drawn to play against Tottenham Hotspur . After a 3–0 loss in London , Inter needed a 4–0 win in Milan to proceed to the next round . The match ended in a 4–1 win for Inter after the match went into extra time , with Kovačić playing as a starter . He impressed with his composure and playmaking ability , once again receiving ovations by the fans . Then-Inter manager Andrea Stramaccioni hailed his performances on several occasions , describing him as a star for the future . On 30 March , Kovačić was a starter in his first Derby dItalia against Juventus at San Siro . The derby ended in a 1–2 win for Juventus , with Kovačić starting the action that resulted in Rodrigo Palacios 1–1 equalizer . Kovačić was a starter in Inters next Serie A match , a 0–2 away win against Sampdoria , as well as in their surprising 3–4 loss to Atalanta at San Siro , where he provided an assist for Ricky Álvarezs goal . By the end of the second half of the season , he was a starter in all of the clubs Serie A fixtures , as Inter finished in disappointing ninth place on the Serie A table . In May , he was given the Gentleman Revelation of the Year award , awarded by Inter fans . 2013–14 season . Kovačić missed most of the pre-season training with the squad due to series of small injuries , and made his comeback just few days before the first official match of the new season , a Coppa Italia match against Cittadella at Stadio Giuseppe Meazza . During the pre-season interviews , new Inter manager Walter Mazzarri hinted Kovačić would be given a new role on the pitch , a role similar to Marek Hamšíks in Napoli . During the first half of the season , Kovačić played regularly , although he struggled with adjusting to his new tactical role . Kovačić made his first assist of the season in the match against Livorno , when he delivered an assist for Yuto Nagatomo . Unlike the previous season under manager Andrea Stramaccioni , Kovačić was not a regular starter during the 2013–14 season . In 32 Serie A matches played , he started only 14 , playing the entire 90 minutes on just eight occasions . He received the chance to restore his confidence towards the end of the season , as he was Mazzarris first-choice in the midfield in Inters last six matches . On 10 May , in Javier Zanettis last competitive match at the San Siro , Kovačić made three assists in 4–1 victory over Lazio . 2014–15 season . After being subjected to persistent transfer speculation over the summer , in September 2014 , Kovačić was offered a contract extension until 2019 . He started the season in strong fashion , scoring a hat-trick in the second leg of Europa League play-off round against Stjarnan on 28 August . He scored his first league goal for Inter and assisted twice in a 7–0 win over Sassuolo on 14 September 2014 . He scored the clubs only goal in a 1–1 away draw with Palermo . He also scored the opening goal in a 2–0 win against Chievo and scored a wonder goal in a 2–2 drawn against Lazio . On 6 January 2015 , he was sent-off in a 1–1 draw with Juventus for a foul on Stephan Lichtsteiner . Three days later , Kovačić renewed his contract with Inter until June 2019 . Real Madrid . On 16 August 2015 , Inter manager Roberto Mancini confirmed the club was forced to sell Kovačić to Real Madrid due to Financial Fair Play regulations . Speaking during a press conference after a friendly against Greek club AEK Athens , Mancini said , There are rules that have to be respected . I dont think anyone wanted this to happen but we have the Financial Fair Play regulations to follow . Were all sorry about it : myself , the president , the management and the players themselves . Real Madrid also confirmed the transfer two days later , announcing Kovačić had signed a six-year contract with the club . The transfer fee was €29 million , according to Inters financial filing in the section Management Report ( ) . On 19 August , Kovačić was unveiled as a new player by Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , where it was revealed he would wear the number 16 shirt for the club . Kovačić became the fifth Croatian player , after Robert Prosinečki , Davor Šuker , Robert Jarni and Luka Modrić , to join Real Madrid . Four days after his presentation , he made his debut as a 70th-minute substitute for Isco as Real Madrid began the Liga season with a goalless draw at promoted Sporting de Gijón . He scored his first goal in an 8–0 home win over Malmö FF on 8 December 2015 . On 3 January 2016 , Kovačić received a straight red card in a 2–2 draw at Valencia for a foul on João Cancelo . Until the end of his first season with Los Blancos , he made a total of 34 appearances . In the opening months of the season , he was used quite regularly by then Real Madrid manager Rafael Benítez , playing in almost every midfield position there is – sometimes central , sometimes wide , sometimes further forward . However , after Zinedine Zidane replaced Benítez in early January , Kovačićs appearances became increasingly infrequent . With the Frenchman preferring to use a very defined starting 11 whenever possible instead of the more specific-lineups-for-specific-opponents approach employed by his predecessor , there was little room for Kovačić . He made eight appearances and scored one goal en Real Madrids route to the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League title . Kovačić scored his first Liga goal on 29 January 2017 in a 3–0 win over Real Sociedad . He was a part-time starter when Madrid won the 2016–17 La Liga and the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League . During the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League , Kovačić made six appearances when Madrid won their third consecutive—and 13th overall—UEFA Champions League title . Chelsea . On 8 August 2018 , Kovačić joined Chelsea on a one-year loan . He made his debut in a 3–2 home win against Arsenal on 18 August , appearing as a second-half substitute . On 29 May 2019 , he was named a starter for 2019 UEFA Europa League Final in Baku , playing until 78th minute when he was substituted off for Ross Barkley , as Chelsea defeated Arsenal 4–1 . On 1 July , Kovačić completed a permanent transfer to Chelsea , signing a five-year contract . After an underwhelming season under Maurizio Sarri , he turned into one of the most important Chelsea players under new coach Frank Lampard . Kovačić scored his first goal for Chelsea on 27 November , in a 2–2 Champions League draw against Valencia at Mestalla Stadium . On 7 December , he scored his first Premier League goal in a 1–3 away loss to Everton . In the 2020 FA Cup Final on 1 August 2020 , he was controversially sent off for a rather soft challenge on Granit Xhaka , as Chelsea lost 2–1 to Arsenal . On 25 August , he was named the Chelsea Player of the Year . On 23 September 2020 , Kovačić marked his 100th appearance for the club against Barnsley in the third round of the EFL Cup as Chelsea won 6–0 at home . After a rougher start of the season , Kovačić regained form from the previous season following the appointment of new manager Thomas Tuchel . Ahead of the second leg of the Champions League quarter-final against Porto , Kovačić sustained a tendon injury and was forced to miss the semi-final tie against his former club Real Madrid , which Chelsea won 3–1 on aggregate . Despite previously winning three Champions Leagues , on 29 May 2021 , Kovačić played in a Champions League Final for the first time in his career , coming on for Mason Mount in the 80th minute , as Chelsea defeated Manchester City 1–0 . International career . Kovačić appeared for the Croatian national team at various youth levels , debuting in May 2008 in an under-14 friendly match against Slovakia . Since 2011 , he was a regular member of the Croatia under-19 and under-21 teams . In August 2012 , Kovačić received his first competitive call-up for the Croatian senior team match against Switzerland , but did not play because of injury . Subsequently , he received a call up for 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in March 2013 . He made his senior debut in a qualification match against Serbia on 22 March 2013 , playing as a central midfielder alongside Luka Modrić , instead of a regular team starter , Ognjen Vukojević . Four days later , he played against Wales at Liberty Stadium , coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–2 win . His third match of the campaign came in June , when Croatia faced Scotland in Zagreb and suffered a frustrating defeat as they were unable to score despite a string of good chances . By the end of the qualifiers , Kovačić made two more competitive appearances for Croatia , as Croatia scraped into the FIFA World Cup play-offs having taken only one point from their last four qualifiers . Although he didnt participate in the scoreless first leg of the play-off against Iceland in Reykjavík , Kovačić started the second and decisive leg between the two national teams in Zagreb , making an assist for the teams second goal as they reached the 2014 FIFA World Cup finals 2–0 on aggregate . On 2 June 2014 , Kovačić was confirmed as a member of Croatias 2014 FIFA World Cup squad . He was in Croatias starting team for the opening game of the tournament , a 3–1 defeat to World Cup hosts Brazil at the Arena Corinthians , São Paulo , where he played for his team for 60 minutes before being substituted . He went to play all the remaining games in the group stage , as Croatia was eliminated in a group stage . On 7 June 2015 , he scored his first international goal in a 4–0 victory over Gibraltar , coming in his 20th appearance for the team . On 4 June 2018 , Kovačić was selected in Croatias 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 22 June , Kovačić provided an assist to his teammate Ivan Rakitić as he scored Croatias third goal in a 3–0 win over Argentina in their second group stage match of the tournament . Croatia was beaten 4–2 by France in the final on 15 July . Kovačić appeared in Croatias Nations League matches against Spain away and England home , that ended up as 6–0 defeat and a goalless draw , respectively . He featured throughout Croatias successful Euro 2020 qualifying campaign , as they finished top of the group . In a 2–1 win over Wales in Osijek on 8 June 2019 , he scored what would have been a goal for 2–0 , however it was disallowed as Andrej Kramarić was in an offside position . In a return leg on 13 October , in the build-up to the Wales goal , Kovačić was controversially injured by Ben Davies as the match ended up as a 1–1 draw . During 2020–21 Nations League , Kovačić was heavily criticized for his inefficiency in the national team , especially after making an error that led to Dejan Kuluševskis opening goal in Croatias crucial match against Sweden on 14 November 2020 , that eventually finished as a 2–1 defeat . However , three days later , he scored a brace in a 3–2 defeat to Portugal , which eventually saved Croatia from relegation to League B as they achieved better goal difference than Sweden . Style of play . Kovačić has been described as a great technician with excellent dribbling abilities . He is considered to be a versatile midfielder , having played in different midfield positions . He started off as an attacking midfielder at Dinamo Zagreb , but he transformed his game at Inter where he was deployed out wide and also as a central midfielder , functioning as a deep-lying playmaker , while being coached by Andrea Stramaccioni . One of his trademarks is dropping deep to receive the ball and then driving forward , often performing his slalom runs . Under the coach , Walter Mazzarri , he was often used in a more advanced position . Former manager Giovanni Trapattoni once claimed that Kovačić knows how to really reach the ball from deep and drive up the pitch like a raging bull . Proven by his pass completion percentages , Kovačić is known for distributing the ball up the pitch . Reception . The Croatia under-17 manager , Martin Novoselac , reportedly said of Kovačić , I havent seen a youngster with so much talent since the days of Robert Prosinečki , referring to his fast development and talent . Kovačić revealed that precisely Prosinečki is the player he admired the most while growing up . His compatriot , Zvonimir Boban , who played for Milan for over a decade , in an interview with Sky Italia in 2013 said , He has talents that could make him even better than me , he is an incredibly serious professional for someone his age . Kovačić is a complete player . He is not a born regista but he is playing there now . He is a complete talent that can still grow — he has incredible potential . Trapattoni described him as a mixture of Kaká and Clarence Seedorf , because of his style of play and technical characteristics . Long-time Inter captain Javier Zanetti stated that , with the exception of Ronaldo , who had arrived to Inter when he was 21 , Kovačić was the most promising youngster he had seen in his 19 years at the club . Personal life . Kovačić was born in Linz , Austria , to Bosnian Croat parents Stipo and Ružica who had moved there from Zabrđe near Kotor Varoš , Bosnia and Herzegovina ahead of the Yugoslav Wars . He is a devout Roman Catholic and he attends church every Sunday . He speaks five languages : Croatian , German , English , Italian and Spanish . He named Luka Modrić his football idol . In 2017 , Kovačić married his longtime girlfriend Izabel Andrijanić . On 12 October 2020 , Andrijanić gave birth to their first child , a baby boy named Ivan . Honours . Dinamo Zagreb - Prva HNL : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Croatian Cup : 2010–11 , 2011–12 Real Madrid - La Liga : 2016–17 - Supercopa de España : 2017 - UEFA Champions League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - UEFA Super Cup : 2016 , 2017 - FIFA Club World Cup : 2016 , 2017 Chelsea - UEFA Champions League : 2020–21 - UEFA Europa League : 2018–19 - FA Cup runner-up : 2019–20 - EFL Cup runner-up : 2018–19 Croatia - FIFA World Cup runner-up : 2018 Individual - Croatian Football Hope of the Year : 2011 - Chelsea Player of the Year : 2019–20 Orders - Order of Duke Branimir : 2018 External links . - Profile at the Real Madrid CF website - Profile at the Chelsea C.F . website
|
[
"LASK"
] |
[
{
"text": " Mateo Kovačić ( ; born 6 May 1994 ) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Chelsea and the Croatia national team . Kovačić is usually deployed as a central midfielder or box to box midfielder , but he is considered to be a versatile midfielder who can play in deeper positions . He also adapted to playing either wide on the left or as an attacking midfielder earlier in his career .",
"title": "Mateo Kovačić"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić began his professional career with Dinamo Zagreb at the age of 16 , with whom he won two consecutive league titles , before joining Inter Milan in 2013 . After the 2014–15 season , he moved to Real Madrid , where he won the 2015–16 , 2016–17 and 2017–18 Champions League . He joined Chelsea on one-year loan in 2018 , winning the 2018–19 Europa League in the process and eventually signing permanently for the Premier League club . After the 2019–20 season , he was named Chelsea Player of the Year .",
"title": "Mateo Kovačić"
},
{
"text": " A full Croatian international since 2013 , Kovačić represented the nation at the 2014 FIFA World Cup , UEFA Euro 2016 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup , reaching the final of the latter tournament . He was nicknamed Il Professore ( The Professor ) by the Italian sports journalists .",
"title": "Mateo Kovačić"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić began playing at an early age at the local LASK Linzs academy . In 2007 , when Kovačić was 13 , he was spotted by scouts from several prominent European clubs , including Ajax , Inter Milan , Juventus and Bayern Munich , but his family opted to move to Zagreb instead , where he joined the academy of Croatian giants Dinamo Zagreb .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić suffered a serious injury in 2009 in which his leg was broken , but he returned to the pitch after a lengthy recovery on 31 May 2010 , appearing in the last match of the Croatian under-17 academy league , in a friendly 5–0 win against RNK Split under-17s .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić started training with the clubs senior squad under manager , Vahid Halilhodžić , four months later , on 6 October 2010 , but continued to appear for the club in academy league matches during October . Later that month , it was reported by the local sports daily , Sportske novosti , that Arsenals chief scout , Steve Rowley , had arrived in Zagreb to watch him perform in under-17 matches against Cibalia and NK Zagreb .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić eventually had his professional league debut in the 2010–11 Croatian First Football League away match against Hrvatski Dragovoljac on 20 November 2010 , in which he scored Dinamos fourth goal in their 6–0 win . This made him the youngest goalscorer in the history of the league , at the age of 16 years and 198 days , breaking the record set only a week earlier by Dino Špehar who had scored for NK Osijek at the age of 16 years and 278 days on 13 November 2010 . In his first senior season with Dinamo Zagreb he managed",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "to appear in 7 matches , making a contribution in winning the league title .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011–12 season , Kovačić rapidly established himself as a first team regular . He played mainly in the position of left midfielder in 4–2–3–1 system . In the beginning of the season , he helped the team reach the Group Stage of the seasons Champions League for the first time in 12 years . Being only 17 years old , he appeared in the starting lineup of Dinamos first group match against Real Madrid . He finished his first European season with Dinamo by scoring a goal against Olympique Lyonnais in the last game of the Group Stage",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "in Zagreb and thus became the second youngest ever scorer in the Champions League . In the domestic league , he was a regular starter , appearing in 25 league matches and scoring five goals in the process . During a league match against NK Lučko , he became the youngest player to wear the captains armband in Dinamos history , taking the captaincy from Leandro Cufre . It was another successful season for him in domestic competitions as he appeared in 32 domestic league and cup matches during that season , helping Dinamo to win their seventh consecutive league",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "title . He also scored in the Croatian Cup final against NK Osijek on Maksimir Stadium . In December 2011 , he was named Croatian Football Hope of the Year .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "In the beginning of 2012–13 season , he suffered a metatarsal bone injury that caused him to miss several games on the clubs qualifying road to another Champions League . He returned just in time to play in Dinamos first Champions League game against Porto . Kovačić played in all six Dinamo Zagrebs matches in the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League group stage , against Porto , Paris Saint-Germain and Dynamo Kyiv . He continued to impress with his mature performances at a young age during the first half of the season . In October 2012 , he was nominated for",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "Golden Boy , an award given by sports journalists to a young player from Europe perceived to have been the most impressive during a season . During the seasons winter break , Dinamos board threw away the speculations about Kovačić leaving the club in the near future by saying they are building a new team around him and another rising star , Alen Halilović . However , on 30 January 2013 , the media surprisingly revealed Kovačić was sold to Italian Serie A club Inter Milan .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": " During his time with Dinamo , Kovačić won two domestic league titles and two Croatian Cup titles , appearing in a total of 73 official matches , including 12 appearances in the UEFA Champions League .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": " On 31 January 2013 , Kovačić agreed to a transfer to Inter Milan . It was revealed the deal was worth €15 million in total , with €11 million paid immediately and €4 million when and if Inter qualifies for the UEFA Champions League . Upon his arrival , Kovačić was given the number 10 shirt , previously worn by Wesley Sneijder . 2012–13 season .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić made his Inter Milan debut three days later on 3 February , coming on as a half-time substitute in a Serie A match against Siena . On 14 February , Kovačić made his European debut before the home crowd at San Siro in UEFA Europa League match against CFR Cluj . He provided the winning assist for Rodrigo Palacio , who made it 2–0 for Inter , impressing the crowd with his performance , and was given standing ovations while being substituted off in the 89th minute . He also played full 90 minutes in the 3–0 away win",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "against CFR Cluj as Inter proceeded to the next round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić made his first domestic league start for Inter in the next round of Serie A in a 1–4 away loss against Fiorentina . In the round of 16 of the UEFA Europa League , Inter was drawn to play against Tottenham Hotspur . After a 3–0 loss in London , Inter needed a 4–0 win in Milan to proceed to the next round . The match ended in a 4–1 win for Inter after the match went into extra time , with Kovačić playing as a starter . He impressed with his composure and playmaking ability , once again",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "receiving ovations by the fans . Then-Inter manager Andrea Stramaccioni hailed his performances on several occasions , describing him as a star for the future .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 30 March , Kovačić was a starter in his first Derby dItalia against Juventus at San Siro . The derby ended in a 1–2 win for Juventus , with Kovačić starting the action that resulted in Rodrigo Palacios 1–1 equalizer . Kovačić was a starter in Inters next Serie A match , a 0–2 away win against Sampdoria , as well as in their surprising 3–4 loss to Atalanta at San Siro , where he provided an assist for Ricky Álvarezs goal . By the end of the second half of the season , he was a starter in",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "all of the clubs Serie A fixtures , as Inter finished in disappointing ninth place on the Serie A table . In May , he was given the Gentleman Revelation of the Year award , awarded by Inter fans .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić missed most of the pre-season training with the squad due to series of small injuries , and made his comeback just few days before the first official match of the new season , a Coppa Italia match against Cittadella at Stadio Giuseppe Meazza . During the pre-season interviews , new Inter manager Walter Mazzarri hinted Kovačić would be given a new role on the pitch , a role similar to Marek Hamšíks in Napoli . During the first half of the season , Kovačić played regularly , although he struggled with adjusting to his new tactical role . Kovačić",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "made his first assist of the season in the match against Livorno , when he delivered an assist for Yuto Nagatomo . Unlike the previous season under manager Andrea Stramaccioni , Kovačić was not a regular starter during the 2013–14 season . In 32 Serie A matches played , he started only 14 , playing the entire 90 minutes on just eight occasions . He received the chance to restore his confidence towards the end of the season , as he was Mazzarris first-choice in the midfield in Inters last six matches . On 10 May , in Javier Zanettis",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "last competitive match at the San Siro , Kovačić made three assists in 4–1 victory over Lazio .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "After being subjected to persistent transfer speculation over the summer , in September 2014 , Kovačić was offered a contract extension until 2019 . He started the season in strong fashion , scoring a hat-trick in the second leg of Europa League play-off round against Stjarnan on 28 August . He scored his first league goal for Inter and assisted twice in a 7–0 win over Sassuolo on 14 September 2014 . He scored the clubs only goal in a 1–1 away draw with Palermo . He also scored the opening goal in a 2–0 win against Chievo and scored",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "a wonder goal in a 2–2 drawn against Lazio . On 6 January 2015 , he was sent-off in a 1–1 draw with Juventus for a foul on Stephan Lichtsteiner . Three days later , Kovačić renewed his contract with Inter until June 2019 .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 16 August 2015 , Inter manager Roberto Mancini confirmed the club was forced to sell Kovačić to Real Madrid due to Financial Fair Play regulations . Speaking during a press conference after a friendly against Greek club AEK Athens , Mancini said , There are rules that have to be respected . I dont think anyone wanted this to happen but we have the Financial Fair Play regulations to follow . Were all sorry about it : myself , the president , the management and the players themselves . Real Madrid also confirmed the transfer two days later ,",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "announcing Kovačić had signed a six-year contract with the club . The transfer fee was €29 million , according to Inters financial filing in the section Management Report ( ) . On 19 August , Kovačić was unveiled as a new player by Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , where it was revealed he would wear the number 16 shirt for the club . Kovačić became the fifth Croatian player , after Robert Prosinečki , Davor Šuker , Robert Jarni and Luka Modrić , to join Real Madrid .",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "Four days after his presentation , he made his debut as a 70th-minute substitute for Isco as Real Madrid began the Liga season with a goalless draw at promoted Sporting de Gijón . He scored his first goal in an 8–0 home win over Malmö FF on 8 December 2015 . On 3 January 2016 , Kovačić received a straight red card in a 2–2 draw at Valencia for a foul on João Cancelo . Until the end of his first season with Los Blancos , he made a total of 34 appearances . In the opening months of the",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "season , he was used quite regularly by then Real Madrid manager Rafael Benítez , playing in almost every midfield position there is – sometimes central , sometimes wide , sometimes further forward . However , after Zinedine Zidane replaced Benítez in early January , Kovačićs appearances became increasingly infrequent . With the Frenchman preferring to use a very defined starting 11 whenever possible instead of the more specific-lineups-for-specific-opponents approach employed by his predecessor , there was little room for Kovačić . He made eight appearances and scored one goal en Real Madrids route to the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "title .",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić scored his first Liga goal on 29 January 2017 in a 3–0 win over Real Sociedad . He was a part-time starter when Madrid won the 2016–17 La Liga and the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League . During the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League , Kovačić made six appearances when Madrid won their third consecutive—and 13th overall—UEFA Champions League title .",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": " On 8 August 2018 , Kovačić joined Chelsea on a one-year loan . He made his debut in a 3–2 home win against Arsenal on 18 August , appearing as a second-half substitute . On 29 May 2019 , he was named a starter for 2019 UEFA Europa League Final in Baku , playing until 78th minute when he was substituted off for Ross Barkley , as Chelsea defeated Arsenal 4–1 .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "On 1 July , Kovačić completed a permanent transfer to Chelsea , signing a five-year contract . After an underwhelming season under Maurizio Sarri , he turned into one of the most important Chelsea players under new coach Frank Lampard . Kovačić scored his first goal for Chelsea on 27 November , in a 2–2 Champions League draw against Valencia at Mestalla Stadium . On 7 December , he scored his first Premier League goal in a 1–3 away loss to Everton . In the 2020 FA Cup Final on 1 August 2020 , he was controversially sent off for",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "a rather soft challenge on Granit Xhaka , as Chelsea lost 2–1 to Arsenal . On 25 August , he was named the Chelsea Player of the Year .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "On 23 September 2020 , Kovačić marked his 100th appearance for the club against Barnsley in the third round of the EFL Cup as Chelsea won 6–0 at home . After a rougher start of the season , Kovačić regained form from the previous season following the appointment of new manager Thomas Tuchel . Ahead of the second leg of the Champions League quarter-final against Porto , Kovačić sustained a tendon injury and was forced to miss the semi-final tie against his former club Real Madrid , which Chelsea won 3–1 on aggregate . Despite previously winning three Champions Leagues",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": ", on 29 May 2021 , Kovačić played in a Champions League Final for the first time in his career , coming on for Mason Mount in the 80th minute , as Chelsea defeated Manchester City 1–0 .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić appeared for the Croatian national team at various youth levels , debuting in May 2008 in an under-14 friendly match against Slovakia . Since 2011 , he was a regular member of the Croatia under-19 and under-21 teams . In August 2012 , Kovačić received his first competitive call-up for the Croatian senior team match against Switzerland , but did not play because of injury . Subsequently , he received a call up for 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in March 2013 . He made his senior debut in a qualification match against Serbia on 22 March 2013",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": ", playing as a central midfielder alongside Luka Modrić , instead of a regular team starter , Ognjen Vukojević . Four days later , he played against Wales at Liberty Stadium , coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–2 win . His third match of the campaign came in June , when Croatia faced Scotland in Zagreb and suffered a frustrating defeat as they were unable to score despite a string of good chances . By the end of the qualifiers , Kovačić made two more competitive appearances for Croatia , as Croatia scraped into the FIFA World",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Cup play-offs having taken only one point from their last four qualifiers . Although he didnt participate in the scoreless first leg of the play-off against Iceland in Reykjavík , Kovačić started the second and decisive leg between the two national teams in Zagreb , making an assist for the teams second goal as they reached the 2014 FIFA World Cup finals 2–0 on aggregate .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 2 June 2014 , Kovačić was confirmed as a member of Croatias 2014 FIFA World Cup squad . He was in Croatias starting team for the opening game of the tournament , a 3–1 defeat to World Cup hosts Brazil at the Arena Corinthians , São Paulo , where he played for his team for 60 minutes before being substituted . He went to play all the remaining games in the group stage , as Croatia was eliminated in a group stage . On 7 June 2015 , he scored his first international goal in a 4–0 victory over",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Gibraltar , coming in his 20th appearance for the team .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " On 4 June 2018 , Kovačić was selected in Croatias 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 22 June , Kovačić provided an assist to his teammate Ivan Rakitić as he scored Croatias third goal in a 3–0 win over Argentina in their second group stage match of the tournament . Croatia was beaten 4–2 by France in the final on 15 July .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić appeared in Croatias Nations League matches against Spain away and England home , that ended up as 6–0 defeat and a goalless draw , respectively . He featured throughout Croatias successful Euro 2020 qualifying campaign , as they finished top of the group . In a 2–1 win over Wales in Osijek on 8 June 2019 , he scored what would have been a goal for 2–0 , however it was disallowed as Andrej Kramarić was in an offside position . In a return leg on 13 October , in the build-up to the Wales goal , Kovačić was",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "controversially injured by Ben Davies as the match ended up as a 1–1 draw .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " During 2020–21 Nations League , Kovačić was heavily criticized for his inefficiency in the national team , especially after making an error that led to Dejan Kuluševskis opening goal in Croatias crucial match against Sweden on 14 November 2020 , that eventually finished as a 2–1 defeat . However , three days later , he scored a brace in a 3–2 defeat to Portugal , which eventually saved Croatia from relegation to League B as they achieved better goal difference than Sweden .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić has been described as a great technician with excellent dribbling abilities . He is considered to be a versatile midfielder , having played in different midfield positions . He started off as an attacking midfielder at Dinamo Zagreb , but he transformed his game at Inter where he was deployed out wide and also as a central midfielder , functioning as a deep-lying playmaker , while being coached by Andrea Stramaccioni . One of his trademarks is dropping deep to receive the ball and then driving forward , often performing his slalom runs . Under the coach , Walter",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": "Mazzarri , he was often used in a more advanced position . Former manager Giovanni Trapattoni once claimed that Kovačić knows how to really reach the ball from deep and drive up the pitch like a raging bull . Proven by his pass completion percentages , Kovačić is known for distributing the ball up the pitch .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": "The Croatia under-17 manager , Martin Novoselac , reportedly said of Kovačić , I havent seen a youngster with so much talent since the days of Robert Prosinečki , referring to his fast development and talent . Kovačić revealed that precisely Prosinečki is the player he admired the most while growing up . His compatriot , Zvonimir Boban , who played for Milan for over a decade , in an interview with Sky Italia in 2013 said , He has talents that could make him even better than me , he is an incredibly serious professional for someone his age",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": ". Kovačić is a complete player . He is not a born regista but he is playing there now . He is a complete talent that can still grow — he has incredible potential . Trapattoni described him as a mixture of Kaká and Clarence Seedorf , because of his style of play and technical characteristics . Long-time Inter captain Javier Zanetti stated that , with the exception of Ronaldo , who had arrived to Inter when he was 21 , Kovačić was the most promising youngster he had seen in his 19 years at the club .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić was born in Linz , Austria , to Bosnian Croat parents Stipo and Ružica who had moved there from Zabrđe near Kotor Varoš , Bosnia and Herzegovina ahead of the Yugoslav Wars . He is a devout Roman Catholic and he attends church every Sunday . He speaks five languages : Croatian , German , English , Italian and Spanish . He named Luka Modrić his football idol .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , Kovačić married his longtime girlfriend Izabel Andrijanić . On 12 October 2020 , Andrijanić gave birth to their first child , a baby boy named Ivan .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Prva HNL : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Croatian Cup : 2010–11 , 2011–12",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": " - La Liga : 2016–17 - Supercopa de España : 2017 - UEFA Champions League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - UEFA Super Cup : 2016 , 2017 - FIFA Club World Cup : 2016 , 2017",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": " - UEFA Champions League : 2020–21 - UEFA Europa League : 2018–19 - FA Cup runner-up : 2019–20 - EFL Cup runner-up : 2018–19",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": " - Croatian Football Hope of the Year : 2011 - Chelsea Player of the Year : 2019–20",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Profile at the Real Madrid CF website - Profile at the Chelsea C.F . website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Mateo_Kovačić#P54#1
|
Which team did the player Mateo Kovačić belong to between Aug 2009 and May 2010?
|
Mateo Kovačić Mateo Kovačić ( ; born 6 May 1994 ) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Chelsea and the Croatia national team . Kovačić is usually deployed as a central midfielder or box to box midfielder , but he is considered to be a versatile midfielder who can play in deeper positions . He also adapted to playing either wide on the left or as an attacking midfielder earlier in his career . Kovačić began his professional career with Dinamo Zagreb at the age of 16 , with whom he won two consecutive league titles , before joining Inter Milan in 2013 . After the 2014–15 season , he moved to Real Madrid , where he won the 2015–16 , 2016–17 and 2017–18 Champions League . He joined Chelsea on one-year loan in 2018 , winning the 2018–19 Europa League in the process and eventually signing permanently for the Premier League club . After the 2019–20 season , he was named Chelsea Player of the Year . A full Croatian international since 2013 , Kovačić represented the nation at the 2014 FIFA World Cup , UEFA Euro 2016 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup , reaching the final of the latter tournament . He was nicknamed Il Professore ( The Professor ) by the Italian sports journalists . Club career . Youth career . Kovačić began playing at an early age at the local LASK Linzs academy . In 2007 , when Kovačić was 13 , he was spotted by scouts from several prominent European clubs , including Ajax , Inter Milan , Juventus and Bayern Munich , but his family opted to move to Zagreb instead , where he joined the academy of Croatian giants Dinamo Zagreb . Kovačić suffered a serious injury in 2009 in which his leg was broken , but he returned to the pitch after a lengthy recovery on 31 May 2010 , appearing in the last match of the Croatian under-17 academy league , in a friendly 5–0 win against RNK Split under-17s . Dinamo Zagreb . Kovačić started training with the clubs senior squad under manager , Vahid Halilhodžić , four months later , on 6 October 2010 , but continued to appear for the club in academy league matches during October . Later that month , it was reported by the local sports daily , Sportske novosti , that Arsenals chief scout , Steve Rowley , had arrived in Zagreb to watch him perform in under-17 matches against Cibalia and NK Zagreb . Kovačić eventually had his professional league debut in the 2010–11 Croatian First Football League away match against Hrvatski Dragovoljac on 20 November 2010 , in which he scored Dinamos fourth goal in their 6–0 win . This made him the youngest goalscorer in the history of the league , at the age of 16 years and 198 days , breaking the record set only a week earlier by Dino Špehar who had scored for NK Osijek at the age of 16 years and 278 days on 13 November 2010 . In his first senior season with Dinamo Zagreb he managed to appear in 7 matches , making a contribution in winning the league title . In the 2011–12 season , Kovačić rapidly established himself as a first team regular . He played mainly in the position of left midfielder in 4–2–3–1 system . In the beginning of the season , he helped the team reach the Group Stage of the seasons Champions League for the first time in 12 years . Being only 17 years old , he appeared in the starting lineup of Dinamos first group match against Real Madrid . He finished his first European season with Dinamo by scoring a goal against Olympique Lyonnais in the last game of the Group Stage in Zagreb and thus became the second youngest ever scorer in the Champions League . In the domestic league , he was a regular starter , appearing in 25 league matches and scoring five goals in the process . During a league match against NK Lučko , he became the youngest player to wear the captains armband in Dinamos history , taking the captaincy from Leandro Cufre . It was another successful season for him in domestic competitions as he appeared in 32 domestic league and cup matches during that season , helping Dinamo to win their seventh consecutive league title . He also scored in the Croatian Cup final against NK Osijek on Maksimir Stadium . In December 2011 , he was named Croatian Football Hope of the Year . In the beginning of 2012–13 season , he suffered a metatarsal bone injury that caused him to miss several games on the clubs qualifying road to another Champions League . He returned just in time to play in Dinamos first Champions League game against Porto . Kovačić played in all six Dinamo Zagrebs matches in the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League group stage , against Porto , Paris Saint-Germain and Dynamo Kyiv . He continued to impress with his mature performances at a young age during the first half of the season . In October 2012 , he was nominated for Golden Boy , an award given by sports journalists to a young player from Europe perceived to have been the most impressive during a season . During the seasons winter break , Dinamos board threw away the speculations about Kovačić leaving the club in the near future by saying they are building a new team around him and another rising star , Alen Halilović . However , on 30 January 2013 , the media surprisingly revealed Kovačić was sold to Italian Serie A club Inter Milan . During his time with Dinamo , Kovačić won two domestic league titles and two Croatian Cup titles , appearing in a total of 73 official matches , including 12 appearances in the UEFA Champions League . Inter Milan . On 31 January 2013 , Kovačić agreed to a transfer to Inter Milan . It was revealed the deal was worth €15 million in total , with €11 million paid immediately and €4 million when and if Inter qualifies for the UEFA Champions League . Upon his arrival , Kovačić was given the number 10 shirt , previously worn by Wesley Sneijder . 2012–13 season . Kovačić made his Inter Milan debut three days later on 3 February , coming on as a half-time substitute in a Serie A match against Siena . On 14 February , Kovačić made his European debut before the home crowd at San Siro in UEFA Europa League match against CFR Cluj . He provided the winning assist for Rodrigo Palacio , who made it 2–0 for Inter , impressing the crowd with his performance , and was given standing ovations while being substituted off in the 89th minute . He also played full 90 minutes in the 3–0 away win against CFR Cluj as Inter proceeded to the next round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League . Kovačić made his first domestic league start for Inter in the next round of Serie A in a 1–4 away loss against Fiorentina . In the round of 16 of the UEFA Europa League , Inter was drawn to play against Tottenham Hotspur . After a 3–0 loss in London , Inter needed a 4–0 win in Milan to proceed to the next round . The match ended in a 4–1 win for Inter after the match went into extra time , with Kovačić playing as a starter . He impressed with his composure and playmaking ability , once again receiving ovations by the fans . Then-Inter manager Andrea Stramaccioni hailed his performances on several occasions , describing him as a star for the future . On 30 March , Kovačić was a starter in his first Derby dItalia against Juventus at San Siro . The derby ended in a 1–2 win for Juventus , with Kovačić starting the action that resulted in Rodrigo Palacios 1–1 equalizer . Kovačić was a starter in Inters next Serie A match , a 0–2 away win against Sampdoria , as well as in their surprising 3–4 loss to Atalanta at San Siro , where he provided an assist for Ricky Álvarezs goal . By the end of the second half of the season , he was a starter in all of the clubs Serie A fixtures , as Inter finished in disappointing ninth place on the Serie A table . In May , he was given the Gentleman Revelation of the Year award , awarded by Inter fans . 2013–14 season . Kovačić missed most of the pre-season training with the squad due to series of small injuries , and made his comeback just few days before the first official match of the new season , a Coppa Italia match against Cittadella at Stadio Giuseppe Meazza . During the pre-season interviews , new Inter manager Walter Mazzarri hinted Kovačić would be given a new role on the pitch , a role similar to Marek Hamšíks in Napoli . During the first half of the season , Kovačić played regularly , although he struggled with adjusting to his new tactical role . Kovačić made his first assist of the season in the match against Livorno , when he delivered an assist for Yuto Nagatomo . Unlike the previous season under manager Andrea Stramaccioni , Kovačić was not a regular starter during the 2013–14 season . In 32 Serie A matches played , he started only 14 , playing the entire 90 minutes on just eight occasions . He received the chance to restore his confidence towards the end of the season , as he was Mazzarris first-choice in the midfield in Inters last six matches . On 10 May , in Javier Zanettis last competitive match at the San Siro , Kovačić made three assists in 4–1 victory over Lazio . 2014–15 season . After being subjected to persistent transfer speculation over the summer , in September 2014 , Kovačić was offered a contract extension until 2019 . He started the season in strong fashion , scoring a hat-trick in the second leg of Europa League play-off round against Stjarnan on 28 August . He scored his first league goal for Inter and assisted twice in a 7–0 win over Sassuolo on 14 September 2014 . He scored the clubs only goal in a 1–1 away draw with Palermo . He also scored the opening goal in a 2–0 win against Chievo and scored a wonder goal in a 2–2 drawn against Lazio . On 6 January 2015 , he was sent-off in a 1–1 draw with Juventus for a foul on Stephan Lichtsteiner . Three days later , Kovačić renewed his contract with Inter until June 2019 . Real Madrid . On 16 August 2015 , Inter manager Roberto Mancini confirmed the club was forced to sell Kovačić to Real Madrid due to Financial Fair Play regulations . Speaking during a press conference after a friendly against Greek club AEK Athens , Mancini said , There are rules that have to be respected . I dont think anyone wanted this to happen but we have the Financial Fair Play regulations to follow . Were all sorry about it : myself , the president , the management and the players themselves . Real Madrid also confirmed the transfer two days later , announcing Kovačić had signed a six-year contract with the club . The transfer fee was €29 million , according to Inters financial filing in the section Management Report ( ) . On 19 August , Kovačić was unveiled as a new player by Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , where it was revealed he would wear the number 16 shirt for the club . Kovačić became the fifth Croatian player , after Robert Prosinečki , Davor Šuker , Robert Jarni and Luka Modrić , to join Real Madrid . Four days after his presentation , he made his debut as a 70th-minute substitute for Isco as Real Madrid began the Liga season with a goalless draw at promoted Sporting de Gijón . He scored his first goal in an 8–0 home win over Malmö FF on 8 December 2015 . On 3 January 2016 , Kovačić received a straight red card in a 2–2 draw at Valencia for a foul on João Cancelo . Until the end of his first season with Los Blancos , he made a total of 34 appearances . In the opening months of the season , he was used quite regularly by then Real Madrid manager Rafael Benítez , playing in almost every midfield position there is – sometimes central , sometimes wide , sometimes further forward . However , after Zinedine Zidane replaced Benítez in early January , Kovačićs appearances became increasingly infrequent . With the Frenchman preferring to use a very defined starting 11 whenever possible instead of the more specific-lineups-for-specific-opponents approach employed by his predecessor , there was little room for Kovačić . He made eight appearances and scored one goal en Real Madrids route to the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League title . Kovačić scored his first Liga goal on 29 January 2017 in a 3–0 win over Real Sociedad . He was a part-time starter when Madrid won the 2016–17 La Liga and the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League . During the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League , Kovačić made six appearances when Madrid won their third consecutive—and 13th overall—UEFA Champions League title . Chelsea . On 8 August 2018 , Kovačić joined Chelsea on a one-year loan . He made his debut in a 3–2 home win against Arsenal on 18 August , appearing as a second-half substitute . On 29 May 2019 , he was named a starter for 2019 UEFA Europa League Final in Baku , playing until 78th minute when he was substituted off for Ross Barkley , as Chelsea defeated Arsenal 4–1 . On 1 July , Kovačić completed a permanent transfer to Chelsea , signing a five-year contract . After an underwhelming season under Maurizio Sarri , he turned into one of the most important Chelsea players under new coach Frank Lampard . Kovačić scored his first goal for Chelsea on 27 November , in a 2–2 Champions League draw against Valencia at Mestalla Stadium . On 7 December , he scored his first Premier League goal in a 1–3 away loss to Everton . In the 2020 FA Cup Final on 1 August 2020 , he was controversially sent off for a rather soft challenge on Granit Xhaka , as Chelsea lost 2–1 to Arsenal . On 25 August , he was named the Chelsea Player of the Year . On 23 September 2020 , Kovačić marked his 100th appearance for the club against Barnsley in the third round of the EFL Cup as Chelsea won 6–0 at home . After a rougher start of the season , Kovačić regained form from the previous season following the appointment of new manager Thomas Tuchel . Ahead of the second leg of the Champions League quarter-final against Porto , Kovačić sustained a tendon injury and was forced to miss the semi-final tie against his former club Real Madrid , which Chelsea won 3–1 on aggregate . Despite previously winning three Champions Leagues , on 29 May 2021 , Kovačić played in a Champions League Final for the first time in his career , coming on for Mason Mount in the 80th minute , as Chelsea defeated Manchester City 1–0 . International career . Kovačić appeared for the Croatian national team at various youth levels , debuting in May 2008 in an under-14 friendly match against Slovakia . Since 2011 , he was a regular member of the Croatia under-19 and under-21 teams . In August 2012 , Kovačić received his first competitive call-up for the Croatian senior team match against Switzerland , but did not play because of injury . Subsequently , he received a call up for 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in March 2013 . He made his senior debut in a qualification match against Serbia on 22 March 2013 , playing as a central midfielder alongside Luka Modrić , instead of a regular team starter , Ognjen Vukojević . Four days later , he played against Wales at Liberty Stadium , coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–2 win . His third match of the campaign came in June , when Croatia faced Scotland in Zagreb and suffered a frustrating defeat as they were unable to score despite a string of good chances . By the end of the qualifiers , Kovačić made two more competitive appearances for Croatia , as Croatia scraped into the FIFA World Cup play-offs having taken only one point from their last four qualifiers . Although he didnt participate in the scoreless first leg of the play-off against Iceland in Reykjavík , Kovačić started the second and decisive leg between the two national teams in Zagreb , making an assist for the teams second goal as they reached the 2014 FIFA World Cup finals 2–0 on aggregate . On 2 June 2014 , Kovačić was confirmed as a member of Croatias 2014 FIFA World Cup squad . He was in Croatias starting team for the opening game of the tournament , a 3–1 defeat to World Cup hosts Brazil at the Arena Corinthians , São Paulo , where he played for his team for 60 minutes before being substituted . He went to play all the remaining games in the group stage , as Croatia was eliminated in a group stage . On 7 June 2015 , he scored his first international goal in a 4–0 victory over Gibraltar , coming in his 20th appearance for the team . On 4 June 2018 , Kovačić was selected in Croatias 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 22 June , Kovačić provided an assist to his teammate Ivan Rakitić as he scored Croatias third goal in a 3–0 win over Argentina in their second group stage match of the tournament . Croatia was beaten 4–2 by France in the final on 15 July . Kovačić appeared in Croatias Nations League matches against Spain away and England home , that ended up as 6–0 defeat and a goalless draw , respectively . He featured throughout Croatias successful Euro 2020 qualifying campaign , as they finished top of the group . In a 2–1 win over Wales in Osijek on 8 June 2019 , he scored what would have been a goal for 2–0 , however it was disallowed as Andrej Kramarić was in an offside position . In a return leg on 13 October , in the build-up to the Wales goal , Kovačić was controversially injured by Ben Davies as the match ended up as a 1–1 draw . During 2020–21 Nations League , Kovačić was heavily criticized for his inefficiency in the national team , especially after making an error that led to Dejan Kuluševskis opening goal in Croatias crucial match against Sweden on 14 November 2020 , that eventually finished as a 2–1 defeat . However , three days later , he scored a brace in a 3–2 defeat to Portugal , which eventually saved Croatia from relegation to League B as they achieved better goal difference than Sweden . Style of play . Kovačić has been described as a great technician with excellent dribbling abilities . He is considered to be a versatile midfielder , having played in different midfield positions . He started off as an attacking midfielder at Dinamo Zagreb , but he transformed his game at Inter where he was deployed out wide and also as a central midfielder , functioning as a deep-lying playmaker , while being coached by Andrea Stramaccioni . One of his trademarks is dropping deep to receive the ball and then driving forward , often performing his slalom runs . Under the coach , Walter Mazzarri , he was often used in a more advanced position . Former manager Giovanni Trapattoni once claimed that Kovačić knows how to really reach the ball from deep and drive up the pitch like a raging bull . Proven by his pass completion percentages , Kovačić is known for distributing the ball up the pitch . Reception . The Croatia under-17 manager , Martin Novoselac , reportedly said of Kovačić , I havent seen a youngster with so much talent since the days of Robert Prosinečki , referring to his fast development and talent . Kovačić revealed that precisely Prosinečki is the player he admired the most while growing up . His compatriot , Zvonimir Boban , who played for Milan for over a decade , in an interview with Sky Italia in 2013 said , He has talents that could make him even better than me , he is an incredibly serious professional for someone his age . Kovačić is a complete player . He is not a born regista but he is playing there now . He is a complete talent that can still grow — he has incredible potential . Trapattoni described him as a mixture of Kaká and Clarence Seedorf , because of his style of play and technical characteristics . Long-time Inter captain Javier Zanetti stated that , with the exception of Ronaldo , who had arrived to Inter when he was 21 , Kovačić was the most promising youngster he had seen in his 19 years at the club . Personal life . Kovačić was born in Linz , Austria , to Bosnian Croat parents Stipo and Ružica who had moved there from Zabrđe near Kotor Varoš , Bosnia and Herzegovina ahead of the Yugoslav Wars . He is a devout Roman Catholic and he attends church every Sunday . He speaks five languages : Croatian , German , English , Italian and Spanish . He named Luka Modrić his football idol . In 2017 , Kovačić married his longtime girlfriend Izabel Andrijanić . On 12 October 2020 , Andrijanić gave birth to their first child , a baby boy named Ivan . Honours . Dinamo Zagreb - Prva HNL : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Croatian Cup : 2010–11 , 2011–12 Real Madrid - La Liga : 2016–17 - Supercopa de España : 2017 - UEFA Champions League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - UEFA Super Cup : 2016 , 2017 - FIFA Club World Cup : 2016 , 2017 Chelsea - UEFA Champions League : 2020–21 - UEFA Europa League : 2018–19 - FA Cup runner-up : 2019–20 - EFL Cup runner-up : 2018–19 Croatia - FIFA World Cup runner-up : 2018 Individual - Croatian Football Hope of the Year : 2011 - Chelsea Player of the Year : 2019–20 Orders - Order of Duke Branimir : 2018 External links . - Profile at the Real Madrid CF website - Profile at the Chelsea C.F . website
|
[
"Dinamo Zagreb"
] |
[
{
"text": " Mateo Kovačić ( ; born 6 May 1994 ) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Chelsea and the Croatia national team . Kovačić is usually deployed as a central midfielder or box to box midfielder , but he is considered to be a versatile midfielder who can play in deeper positions . He also adapted to playing either wide on the left or as an attacking midfielder earlier in his career .",
"title": "Mateo Kovačić"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić began his professional career with Dinamo Zagreb at the age of 16 , with whom he won two consecutive league titles , before joining Inter Milan in 2013 . After the 2014–15 season , he moved to Real Madrid , where he won the 2015–16 , 2016–17 and 2017–18 Champions League . He joined Chelsea on one-year loan in 2018 , winning the 2018–19 Europa League in the process and eventually signing permanently for the Premier League club . After the 2019–20 season , he was named Chelsea Player of the Year .",
"title": "Mateo Kovačić"
},
{
"text": " A full Croatian international since 2013 , Kovačić represented the nation at the 2014 FIFA World Cup , UEFA Euro 2016 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup , reaching the final of the latter tournament . He was nicknamed Il Professore ( The Professor ) by the Italian sports journalists .",
"title": "Mateo Kovačić"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić began playing at an early age at the local LASK Linzs academy . In 2007 , when Kovačić was 13 , he was spotted by scouts from several prominent European clubs , including Ajax , Inter Milan , Juventus and Bayern Munich , but his family opted to move to Zagreb instead , where he joined the academy of Croatian giants Dinamo Zagreb .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić suffered a serious injury in 2009 in which his leg was broken , but he returned to the pitch after a lengthy recovery on 31 May 2010 , appearing in the last match of the Croatian under-17 academy league , in a friendly 5–0 win against RNK Split under-17s .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić started training with the clubs senior squad under manager , Vahid Halilhodžić , four months later , on 6 October 2010 , but continued to appear for the club in academy league matches during October . Later that month , it was reported by the local sports daily , Sportske novosti , that Arsenals chief scout , Steve Rowley , had arrived in Zagreb to watch him perform in under-17 matches against Cibalia and NK Zagreb .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić eventually had his professional league debut in the 2010–11 Croatian First Football League away match against Hrvatski Dragovoljac on 20 November 2010 , in which he scored Dinamos fourth goal in their 6–0 win . This made him the youngest goalscorer in the history of the league , at the age of 16 years and 198 days , breaking the record set only a week earlier by Dino Špehar who had scored for NK Osijek at the age of 16 years and 278 days on 13 November 2010 . In his first senior season with Dinamo Zagreb he managed",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "to appear in 7 matches , making a contribution in winning the league title .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011–12 season , Kovačić rapidly established himself as a first team regular . He played mainly in the position of left midfielder in 4–2–3–1 system . In the beginning of the season , he helped the team reach the Group Stage of the seasons Champions League for the first time in 12 years . Being only 17 years old , he appeared in the starting lineup of Dinamos first group match against Real Madrid . He finished his first European season with Dinamo by scoring a goal against Olympique Lyonnais in the last game of the Group Stage",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "in Zagreb and thus became the second youngest ever scorer in the Champions League . In the domestic league , he was a regular starter , appearing in 25 league matches and scoring five goals in the process . During a league match against NK Lučko , he became the youngest player to wear the captains armband in Dinamos history , taking the captaincy from Leandro Cufre . It was another successful season for him in domestic competitions as he appeared in 32 domestic league and cup matches during that season , helping Dinamo to win their seventh consecutive league",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "title . He also scored in the Croatian Cup final against NK Osijek on Maksimir Stadium . In December 2011 , he was named Croatian Football Hope of the Year .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "In the beginning of 2012–13 season , he suffered a metatarsal bone injury that caused him to miss several games on the clubs qualifying road to another Champions League . He returned just in time to play in Dinamos first Champions League game against Porto . Kovačić played in all six Dinamo Zagrebs matches in the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League group stage , against Porto , Paris Saint-Germain and Dynamo Kyiv . He continued to impress with his mature performances at a young age during the first half of the season . In October 2012 , he was nominated for",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "Golden Boy , an award given by sports journalists to a young player from Europe perceived to have been the most impressive during a season . During the seasons winter break , Dinamos board threw away the speculations about Kovačić leaving the club in the near future by saying they are building a new team around him and another rising star , Alen Halilović . However , on 30 January 2013 , the media surprisingly revealed Kovačić was sold to Italian Serie A club Inter Milan .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": " During his time with Dinamo , Kovačić won two domestic league titles and two Croatian Cup titles , appearing in a total of 73 official matches , including 12 appearances in the UEFA Champions League .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": " On 31 January 2013 , Kovačić agreed to a transfer to Inter Milan . It was revealed the deal was worth €15 million in total , with €11 million paid immediately and €4 million when and if Inter qualifies for the UEFA Champions League . Upon his arrival , Kovačić was given the number 10 shirt , previously worn by Wesley Sneijder . 2012–13 season .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić made his Inter Milan debut three days later on 3 February , coming on as a half-time substitute in a Serie A match against Siena . On 14 February , Kovačić made his European debut before the home crowd at San Siro in UEFA Europa League match against CFR Cluj . He provided the winning assist for Rodrigo Palacio , who made it 2–0 for Inter , impressing the crowd with his performance , and was given standing ovations while being substituted off in the 89th minute . He also played full 90 minutes in the 3–0 away win",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "against CFR Cluj as Inter proceeded to the next round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić made his first domestic league start for Inter in the next round of Serie A in a 1–4 away loss against Fiorentina . In the round of 16 of the UEFA Europa League , Inter was drawn to play against Tottenham Hotspur . After a 3–0 loss in London , Inter needed a 4–0 win in Milan to proceed to the next round . The match ended in a 4–1 win for Inter after the match went into extra time , with Kovačić playing as a starter . He impressed with his composure and playmaking ability , once again",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "receiving ovations by the fans . Then-Inter manager Andrea Stramaccioni hailed his performances on several occasions , describing him as a star for the future .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 30 March , Kovačić was a starter in his first Derby dItalia against Juventus at San Siro . The derby ended in a 1–2 win for Juventus , with Kovačić starting the action that resulted in Rodrigo Palacios 1–1 equalizer . Kovačić was a starter in Inters next Serie A match , a 0–2 away win against Sampdoria , as well as in their surprising 3–4 loss to Atalanta at San Siro , where he provided an assist for Ricky Álvarezs goal . By the end of the second half of the season , he was a starter in",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "all of the clubs Serie A fixtures , as Inter finished in disappointing ninth place on the Serie A table . In May , he was given the Gentleman Revelation of the Year award , awarded by Inter fans .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić missed most of the pre-season training with the squad due to series of small injuries , and made his comeback just few days before the first official match of the new season , a Coppa Italia match against Cittadella at Stadio Giuseppe Meazza . During the pre-season interviews , new Inter manager Walter Mazzarri hinted Kovačić would be given a new role on the pitch , a role similar to Marek Hamšíks in Napoli . During the first half of the season , Kovačić played regularly , although he struggled with adjusting to his new tactical role . Kovačić",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "made his first assist of the season in the match against Livorno , when he delivered an assist for Yuto Nagatomo . Unlike the previous season under manager Andrea Stramaccioni , Kovačić was not a regular starter during the 2013–14 season . In 32 Serie A matches played , he started only 14 , playing the entire 90 minutes on just eight occasions . He received the chance to restore his confidence towards the end of the season , as he was Mazzarris first-choice in the midfield in Inters last six matches . On 10 May , in Javier Zanettis",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "last competitive match at the San Siro , Kovačić made three assists in 4–1 victory over Lazio .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "After being subjected to persistent transfer speculation over the summer , in September 2014 , Kovačić was offered a contract extension until 2019 . He started the season in strong fashion , scoring a hat-trick in the second leg of Europa League play-off round against Stjarnan on 28 August . He scored his first league goal for Inter and assisted twice in a 7–0 win over Sassuolo on 14 September 2014 . He scored the clubs only goal in a 1–1 away draw with Palermo . He also scored the opening goal in a 2–0 win against Chievo and scored",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "a wonder goal in a 2–2 drawn against Lazio . On 6 January 2015 , he was sent-off in a 1–1 draw with Juventus for a foul on Stephan Lichtsteiner . Three days later , Kovačić renewed his contract with Inter until June 2019 .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 16 August 2015 , Inter manager Roberto Mancini confirmed the club was forced to sell Kovačić to Real Madrid due to Financial Fair Play regulations . Speaking during a press conference after a friendly against Greek club AEK Athens , Mancini said , There are rules that have to be respected . I dont think anyone wanted this to happen but we have the Financial Fair Play regulations to follow . Were all sorry about it : myself , the president , the management and the players themselves . Real Madrid also confirmed the transfer two days later ,",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "announcing Kovačić had signed a six-year contract with the club . The transfer fee was €29 million , according to Inters financial filing in the section Management Report ( ) . On 19 August , Kovačić was unveiled as a new player by Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , where it was revealed he would wear the number 16 shirt for the club . Kovačić became the fifth Croatian player , after Robert Prosinečki , Davor Šuker , Robert Jarni and Luka Modrić , to join Real Madrid .",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "Four days after his presentation , he made his debut as a 70th-minute substitute for Isco as Real Madrid began the Liga season with a goalless draw at promoted Sporting de Gijón . He scored his first goal in an 8–0 home win over Malmö FF on 8 December 2015 . On 3 January 2016 , Kovačić received a straight red card in a 2–2 draw at Valencia for a foul on João Cancelo . Until the end of his first season with Los Blancos , he made a total of 34 appearances . In the opening months of the",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "season , he was used quite regularly by then Real Madrid manager Rafael Benítez , playing in almost every midfield position there is – sometimes central , sometimes wide , sometimes further forward . However , after Zinedine Zidane replaced Benítez in early January , Kovačićs appearances became increasingly infrequent . With the Frenchman preferring to use a very defined starting 11 whenever possible instead of the more specific-lineups-for-specific-opponents approach employed by his predecessor , there was little room for Kovačić . He made eight appearances and scored one goal en Real Madrids route to the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "title .",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić scored his first Liga goal on 29 January 2017 in a 3–0 win over Real Sociedad . He was a part-time starter when Madrid won the 2016–17 La Liga and the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League . During the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League , Kovačić made six appearances when Madrid won their third consecutive—and 13th overall—UEFA Champions League title .",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": " On 8 August 2018 , Kovačić joined Chelsea on a one-year loan . He made his debut in a 3–2 home win against Arsenal on 18 August , appearing as a second-half substitute . On 29 May 2019 , he was named a starter for 2019 UEFA Europa League Final in Baku , playing until 78th minute when he was substituted off for Ross Barkley , as Chelsea defeated Arsenal 4–1 .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "On 1 July , Kovačić completed a permanent transfer to Chelsea , signing a five-year contract . After an underwhelming season under Maurizio Sarri , he turned into one of the most important Chelsea players under new coach Frank Lampard . Kovačić scored his first goal for Chelsea on 27 November , in a 2–2 Champions League draw against Valencia at Mestalla Stadium . On 7 December , he scored his first Premier League goal in a 1–3 away loss to Everton . In the 2020 FA Cup Final on 1 August 2020 , he was controversially sent off for",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "a rather soft challenge on Granit Xhaka , as Chelsea lost 2–1 to Arsenal . On 25 August , he was named the Chelsea Player of the Year .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "On 23 September 2020 , Kovačić marked his 100th appearance for the club against Barnsley in the third round of the EFL Cup as Chelsea won 6–0 at home . After a rougher start of the season , Kovačić regained form from the previous season following the appointment of new manager Thomas Tuchel . Ahead of the second leg of the Champions League quarter-final against Porto , Kovačić sustained a tendon injury and was forced to miss the semi-final tie against his former club Real Madrid , which Chelsea won 3–1 on aggregate . Despite previously winning three Champions Leagues",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": ", on 29 May 2021 , Kovačić played in a Champions League Final for the first time in his career , coming on for Mason Mount in the 80th minute , as Chelsea defeated Manchester City 1–0 .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić appeared for the Croatian national team at various youth levels , debuting in May 2008 in an under-14 friendly match against Slovakia . Since 2011 , he was a regular member of the Croatia under-19 and under-21 teams . In August 2012 , Kovačić received his first competitive call-up for the Croatian senior team match against Switzerland , but did not play because of injury . Subsequently , he received a call up for 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in March 2013 . He made his senior debut in a qualification match against Serbia on 22 March 2013",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": ", playing as a central midfielder alongside Luka Modrić , instead of a regular team starter , Ognjen Vukojević . Four days later , he played against Wales at Liberty Stadium , coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–2 win . His third match of the campaign came in June , when Croatia faced Scotland in Zagreb and suffered a frustrating defeat as they were unable to score despite a string of good chances . By the end of the qualifiers , Kovačić made two more competitive appearances for Croatia , as Croatia scraped into the FIFA World",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Cup play-offs having taken only one point from their last four qualifiers . Although he didnt participate in the scoreless first leg of the play-off against Iceland in Reykjavík , Kovačić started the second and decisive leg between the two national teams in Zagreb , making an assist for the teams second goal as they reached the 2014 FIFA World Cup finals 2–0 on aggregate .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 2 June 2014 , Kovačić was confirmed as a member of Croatias 2014 FIFA World Cup squad . He was in Croatias starting team for the opening game of the tournament , a 3–1 defeat to World Cup hosts Brazil at the Arena Corinthians , São Paulo , where he played for his team for 60 minutes before being substituted . He went to play all the remaining games in the group stage , as Croatia was eliminated in a group stage . On 7 June 2015 , he scored his first international goal in a 4–0 victory over",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Gibraltar , coming in his 20th appearance for the team .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " On 4 June 2018 , Kovačić was selected in Croatias 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 22 June , Kovačić provided an assist to his teammate Ivan Rakitić as he scored Croatias third goal in a 3–0 win over Argentina in their second group stage match of the tournament . Croatia was beaten 4–2 by France in the final on 15 July .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić appeared in Croatias Nations League matches against Spain away and England home , that ended up as 6–0 defeat and a goalless draw , respectively . He featured throughout Croatias successful Euro 2020 qualifying campaign , as they finished top of the group . In a 2–1 win over Wales in Osijek on 8 June 2019 , he scored what would have been a goal for 2–0 , however it was disallowed as Andrej Kramarić was in an offside position . In a return leg on 13 October , in the build-up to the Wales goal , Kovačić was",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "controversially injured by Ben Davies as the match ended up as a 1–1 draw .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " During 2020–21 Nations League , Kovačić was heavily criticized for his inefficiency in the national team , especially after making an error that led to Dejan Kuluševskis opening goal in Croatias crucial match against Sweden on 14 November 2020 , that eventually finished as a 2–1 defeat . However , three days later , he scored a brace in a 3–2 defeat to Portugal , which eventually saved Croatia from relegation to League B as they achieved better goal difference than Sweden .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić has been described as a great technician with excellent dribbling abilities . He is considered to be a versatile midfielder , having played in different midfield positions . He started off as an attacking midfielder at Dinamo Zagreb , but he transformed his game at Inter where he was deployed out wide and also as a central midfielder , functioning as a deep-lying playmaker , while being coached by Andrea Stramaccioni . One of his trademarks is dropping deep to receive the ball and then driving forward , often performing his slalom runs . Under the coach , Walter",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": "Mazzarri , he was often used in a more advanced position . Former manager Giovanni Trapattoni once claimed that Kovačić knows how to really reach the ball from deep and drive up the pitch like a raging bull . Proven by his pass completion percentages , Kovačić is known for distributing the ball up the pitch .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": "The Croatia under-17 manager , Martin Novoselac , reportedly said of Kovačić , I havent seen a youngster with so much talent since the days of Robert Prosinečki , referring to his fast development and talent . Kovačić revealed that precisely Prosinečki is the player he admired the most while growing up . His compatriot , Zvonimir Boban , who played for Milan for over a decade , in an interview with Sky Italia in 2013 said , He has talents that could make him even better than me , he is an incredibly serious professional for someone his age",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": ". Kovačić is a complete player . He is not a born regista but he is playing there now . He is a complete talent that can still grow — he has incredible potential . Trapattoni described him as a mixture of Kaká and Clarence Seedorf , because of his style of play and technical characteristics . Long-time Inter captain Javier Zanetti stated that , with the exception of Ronaldo , who had arrived to Inter when he was 21 , Kovačić was the most promising youngster he had seen in his 19 years at the club .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić was born in Linz , Austria , to Bosnian Croat parents Stipo and Ružica who had moved there from Zabrđe near Kotor Varoš , Bosnia and Herzegovina ahead of the Yugoslav Wars . He is a devout Roman Catholic and he attends church every Sunday . He speaks five languages : Croatian , German , English , Italian and Spanish . He named Luka Modrić his football idol .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , Kovačić married his longtime girlfriend Izabel Andrijanić . On 12 October 2020 , Andrijanić gave birth to their first child , a baby boy named Ivan .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Prva HNL : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Croatian Cup : 2010–11 , 2011–12",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": " - La Liga : 2016–17 - Supercopa de España : 2017 - UEFA Champions League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - UEFA Super Cup : 2016 , 2017 - FIFA Club World Cup : 2016 , 2017",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": " - UEFA Champions League : 2020–21 - UEFA Europa League : 2018–19 - FA Cup runner-up : 2019–20 - EFL Cup runner-up : 2018–19",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": " - Croatian Football Hope of the Year : 2011 - Chelsea Player of the Year : 2019–20",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Profile at the Real Madrid CF website - Profile at the Chelsea C.F . website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Mateo_Kovačić#P54#2
|
Which team did the player Mateo Kovačić belong to between Jun 2013 and Sep 2013?
|
Mateo Kovačić Mateo Kovačić ( ; born 6 May 1994 ) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Chelsea and the Croatia national team . Kovačić is usually deployed as a central midfielder or box to box midfielder , but he is considered to be a versatile midfielder who can play in deeper positions . He also adapted to playing either wide on the left or as an attacking midfielder earlier in his career . Kovačić began his professional career with Dinamo Zagreb at the age of 16 , with whom he won two consecutive league titles , before joining Inter Milan in 2013 . After the 2014–15 season , he moved to Real Madrid , where he won the 2015–16 , 2016–17 and 2017–18 Champions League . He joined Chelsea on one-year loan in 2018 , winning the 2018–19 Europa League in the process and eventually signing permanently for the Premier League club . After the 2019–20 season , he was named Chelsea Player of the Year . A full Croatian international since 2013 , Kovačić represented the nation at the 2014 FIFA World Cup , UEFA Euro 2016 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup , reaching the final of the latter tournament . He was nicknamed Il Professore ( The Professor ) by the Italian sports journalists . Club career . Youth career . Kovačić began playing at an early age at the local LASK Linzs academy . In 2007 , when Kovačić was 13 , he was spotted by scouts from several prominent European clubs , including Ajax , Inter Milan , Juventus and Bayern Munich , but his family opted to move to Zagreb instead , where he joined the academy of Croatian giants Dinamo Zagreb . Kovačić suffered a serious injury in 2009 in which his leg was broken , but he returned to the pitch after a lengthy recovery on 31 May 2010 , appearing in the last match of the Croatian under-17 academy league , in a friendly 5–0 win against RNK Split under-17s . Dinamo Zagreb . Kovačić started training with the clubs senior squad under manager , Vahid Halilhodžić , four months later , on 6 October 2010 , but continued to appear for the club in academy league matches during October . Later that month , it was reported by the local sports daily , Sportske novosti , that Arsenals chief scout , Steve Rowley , had arrived in Zagreb to watch him perform in under-17 matches against Cibalia and NK Zagreb . Kovačić eventually had his professional league debut in the 2010–11 Croatian First Football League away match against Hrvatski Dragovoljac on 20 November 2010 , in which he scored Dinamos fourth goal in their 6–0 win . This made him the youngest goalscorer in the history of the league , at the age of 16 years and 198 days , breaking the record set only a week earlier by Dino Špehar who had scored for NK Osijek at the age of 16 years and 278 days on 13 November 2010 . In his first senior season with Dinamo Zagreb he managed to appear in 7 matches , making a contribution in winning the league title . In the 2011–12 season , Kovačić rapidly established himself as a first team regular . He played mainly in the position of left midfielder in 4–2–3–1 system . In the beginning of the season , he helped the team reach the Group Stage of the seasons Champions League for the first time in 12 years . Being only 17 years old , he appeared in the starting lineup of Dinamos first group match against Real Madrid . He finished his first European season with Dinamo by scoring a goal against Olympique Lyonnais in the last game of the Group Stage in Zagreb and thus became the second youngest ever scorer in the Champions League . In the domestic league , he was a regular starter , appearing in 25 league matches and scoring five goals in the process . During a league match against NK Lučko , he became the youngest player to wear the captains armband in Dinamos history , taking the captaincy from Leandro Cufre . It was another successful season for him in domestic competitions as he appeared in 32 domestic league and cup matches during that season , helping Dinamo to win their seventh consecutive league title . He also scored in the Croatian Cup final against NK Osijek on Maksimir Stadium . In December 2011 , he was named Croatian Football Hope of the Year . In the beginning of 2012–13 season , he suffered a metatarsal bone injury that caused him to miss several games on the clubs qualifying road to another Champions League . He returned just in time to play in Dinamos first Champions League game against Porto . Kovačić played in all six Dinamo Zagrebs matches in the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League group stage , against Porto , Paris Saint-Germain and Dynamo Kyiv . He continued to impress with his mature performances at a young age during the first half of the season . In October 2012 , he was nominated for Golden Boy , an award given by sports journalists to a young player from Europe perceived to have been the most impressive during a season . During the seasons winter break , Dinamos board threw away the speculations about Kovačić leaving the club in the near future by saying they are building a new team around him and another rising star , Alen Halilović . However , on 30 January 2013 , the media surprisingly revealed Kovačić was sold to Italian Serie A club Inter Milan . During his time with Dinamo , Kovačić won two domestic league titles and two Croatian Cup titles , appearing in a total of 73 official matches , including 12 appearances in the UEFA Champions League . Inter Milan . On 31 January 2013 , Kovačić agreed to a transfer to Inter Milan . It was revealed the deal was worth €15 million in total , with €11 million paid immediately and €4 million when and if Inter qualifies for the UEFA Champions League . Upon his arrival , Kovačić was given the number 10 shirt , previously worn by Wesley Sneijder . 2012–13 season . Kovačić made his Inter Milan debut three days later on 3 February , coming on as a half-time substitute in a Serie A match against Siena . On 14 February , Kovačić made his European debut before the home crowd at San Siro in UEFA Europa League match against CFR Cluj . He provided the winning assist for Rodrigo Palacio , who made it 2–0 for Inter , impressing the crowd with his performance , and was given standing ovations while being substituted off in the 89th minute . He also played full 90 minutes in the 3–0 away win against CFR Cluj as Inter proceeded to the next round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League . Kovačić made his first domestic league start for Inter in the next round of Serie A in a 1–4 away loss against Fiorentina . In the round of 16 of the UEFA Europa League , Inter was drawn to play against Tottenham Hotspur . After a 3–0 loss in London , Inter needed a 4–0 win in Milan to proceed to the next round . The match ended in a 4–1 win for Inter after the match went into extra time , with Kovačić playing as a starter . He impressed with his composure and playmaking ability , once again receiving ovations by the fans . Then-Inter manager Andrea Stramaccioni hailed his performances on several occasions , describing him as a star for the future . On 30 March , Kovačić was a starter in his first Derby dItalia against Juventus at San Siro . The derby ended in a 1–2 win for Juventus , with Kovačić starting the action that resulted in Rodrigo Palacios 1–1 equalizer . Kovačić was a starter in Inters next Serie A match , a 0–2 away win against Sampdoria , as well as in their surprising 3–4 loss to Atalanta at San Siro , where he provided an assist for Ricky Álvarezs goal . By the end of the second half of the season , he was a starter in all of the clubs Serie A fixtures , as Inter finished in disappointing ninth place on the Serie A table . In May , he was given the Gentleman Revelation of the Year award , awarded by Inter fans . 2013–14 season . Kovačić missed most of the pre-season training with the squad due to series of small injuries , and made his comeback just few days before the first official match of the new season , a Coppa Italia match against Cittadella at Stadio Giuseppe Meazza . During the pre-season interviews , new Inter manager Walter Mazzarri hinted Kovačić would be given a new role on the pitch , a role similar to Marek Hamšíks in Napoli . During the first half of the season , Kovačić played regularly , although he struggled with adjusting to his new tactical role . Kovačić made his first assist of the season in the match against Livorno , when he delivered an assist for Yuto Nagatomo . Unlike the previous season under manager Andrea Stramaccioni , Kovačić was not a regular starter during the 2013–14 season . In 32 Serie A matches played , he started only 14 , playing the entire 90 minutes on just eight occasions . He received the chance to restore his confidence towards the end of the season , as he was Mazzarris first-choice in the midfield in Inters last six matches . On 10 May , in Javier Zanettis last competitive match at the San Siro , Kovačić made three assists in 4–1 victory over Lazio . 2014–15 season . After being subjected to persistent transfer speculation over the summer , in September 2014 , Kovačić was offered a contract extension until 2019 . He started the season in strong fashion , scoring a hat-trick in the second leg of Europa League play-off round against Stjarnan on 28 August . He scored his first league goal for Inter and assisted twice in a 7–0 win over Sassuolo on 14 September 2014 . He scored the clubs only goal in a 1–1 away draw with Palermo . He also scored the opening goal in a 2–0 win against Chievo and scored a wonder goal in a 2–2 drawn against Lazio . On 6 January 2015 , he was sent-off in a 1–1 draw with Juventus for a foul on Stephan Lichtsteiner . Three days later , Kovačić renewed his contract with Inter until June 2019 . Real Madrid . On 16 August 2015 , Inter manager Roberto Mancini confirmed the club was forced to sell Kovačić to Real Madrid due to Financial Fair Play regulations . Speaking during a press conference after a friendly against Greek club AEK Athens , Mancini said , There are rules that have to be respected . I dont think anyone wanted this to happen but we have the Financial Fair Play regulations to follow . Were all sorry about it : myself , the president , the management and the players themselves . Real Madrid also confirmed the transfer two days later , announcing Kovačić had signed a six-year contract with the club . The transfer fee was €29 million , according to Inters financial filing in the section Management Report ( ) . On 19 August , Kovačić was unveiled as a new player by Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , where it was revealed he would wear the number 16 shirt for the club . Kovačić became the fifth Croatian player , after Robert Prosinečki , Davor Šuker , Robert Jarni and Luka Modrić , to join Real Madrid . Four days after his presentation , he made his debut as a 70th-minute substitute for Isco as Real Madrid began the Liga season with a goalless draw at promoted Sporting de Gijón . He scored his first goal in an 8–0 home win over Malmö FF on 8 December 2015 . On 3 January 2016 , Kovačić received a straight red card in a 2–2 draw at Valencia for a foul on João Cancelo . Until the end of his first season with Los Blancos , he made a total of 34 appearances . In the opening months of the season , he was used quite regularly by then Real Madrid manager Rafael Benítez , playing in almost every midfield position there is – sometimes central , sometimes wide , sometimes further forward . However , after Zinedine Zidane replaced Benítez in early January , Kovačićs appearances became increasingly infrequent . With the Frenchman preferring to use a very defined starting 11 whenever possible instead of the more specific-lineups-for-specific-opponents approach employed by his predecessor , there was little room for Kovačić . He made eight appearances and scored one goal en Real Madrids route to the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League title . Kovačić scored his first Liga goal on 29 January 2017 in a 3–0 win over Real Sociedad . He was a part-time starter when Madrid won the 2016–17 La Liga and the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League . During the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League , Kovačić made six appearances when Madrid won their third consecutive—and 13th overall—UEFA Champions League title . Chelsea . On 8 August 2018 , Kovačić joined Chelsea on a one-year loan . He made his debut in a 3–2 home win against Arsenal on 18 August , appearing as a second-half substitute . On 29 May 2019 , he was named a starter for 2019 UEFA Europa League Final in Baku , playing until 78th minute when he was substituted off for Ross Barkley , as Chelsea defeated Arsenal 4–1 . On 1 July , Kovačić completed a permanent transfer to Chelsea , signing a five-year contract . After an underwhelming season under Maurizio Sarri , he turned into one of the most important Chelsea players under new coach Frank Lampard . Kovačić scored his first goal for Chelsea on 27 November , in a 2–2 Champions League draw against Valencia at Mestalla Stadium . On 7 December , he scored his first Premier League goal in a 1–3 away loss to Everton . In the 2020 FA Cup Final on 1 August 2020 , he was controversially sent off for a rather soft challenge on Granit Xhaka , as Chelsea lost 2–1 to Arsenal . On 25 August , he was named the Chelsea Player of the Year . On 23 September 2020 , Kovačić marked his 100th appearance for the club against Barnsley in the third round of the EFL Cup as Chelsea won 6–0 at home . After a rougher start of the season , Kovačić regained form from the previous season following the appointment of new manager Thomas Tuchel . Ahead of the second leg of the Champions League quarter-final against Porto , Kovačić sustained a tendon injury and was forced to miss the semi-final tie against his former club Real Madrid , which Chelsea won 3–1 on aggregate . Despite previously winning three Champions Leagues , on 29 May 2021 , Kovačić played in a Champions League Final for the first time in his career , coming on for Mason Mount in the 80th minute , as Chelsea defeated Manchester City 1–0 . International career . Kovačić appeared for the Croatian national team at various youth levels , debuting in May 2008 in an under-14 friendly match against Slovakia . Since 2011 , he was a regular member of the Croatia under-19 and under-21 teams . In August 2012 , Kovačić received his first competitive call-up for the Croatian senior team match against Switzerland , but did not play because of injury . Subsequently , he received a call up for 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in March 2013 . He made his senior debut in a qualification match against Serbia on 22 March 2013 , playing as a central midfielder alongside Luka Modrić , instead of a regular team starter , Ognjen Vukojević . Four days later , he played against Wales at Liberty Stadium , coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–2 win . His third match of the campaign came in June , when Croatia faced Scotland in Zagreb and suffered a frustrating defeat as they were unable to score despite a string of good chances . By the end of the qualifiers , Kovačić made two more competitive appearances for Croatia , as Croatia scraped into the FIFA World Cup play-offs having taken only one point from their last four qualifiers . Although he didnt participate in the scoreless first leg of the play-off against Iceland in Reykjavík , Kovačić started the second and decisive leg between the two national teams in Zagreb , making an assist for the teams second goal as they reached the 2014 FIFA World Cup finals 2–0 on aggregate . On 2 June 2014 , Kovačić was confirmed as a member of Croatias 2014 FIFA World Cup squad . He was in Croatias starting team for the opening game of the tournament , a 3–1 defeat to World Cup hosts Brazil at the Arena Corinthians , São Paulo , where he played for his team for 60 minutes before being substituted . He went to play all the remaining games in the group stage , as Croatia was eliminated in a group stage . On 7 June 2015 , he scored his first international goal in a 4–0 victory over Gibraltar , coming in his 20th appearance for the team . On 4 June 2018 , Kovačić was selected in Croatias 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 22 June , Kovačić provided an assist to his teammate Ivan Rakitić as he scored Croatias third goal in a 3–0 win over Argentina in their second group stage match of the tournament . Croatia was beaten 4–2 by France in the final on 15 July . Kovačić appeared in Croatias Nations League matches against Spain away and England home , that ended up as 6–0 defeat and a goalless draw , respectively . He featured throughout Croatias successful Euro 2020 qualifying campaign , as they finished top of the group . In a 2–1 win over Wales in Osijek on 8 June 2019 , he scored what would have been a goal for 2–0 , however it was disallowed as Andrej Kramarić was in an offside position . In a return leg on 13 October , in the build-up to the Wales goal , Kovačić was controversially injured by Ben Davies as the match ended up as a 1–1 draw . During 2020–21 Nations League , Kovačić was heavily criticized for his inefficiency in the national team , especially after making an error that led to Dejan Kuluševskis opening goal in Croatias crucial match against Sweden on 14 November 2020 , that eventually finished as a 2–1 defeat . However , three days later , he scored a brace in a 3–2 defeat to Portugal , which eventually saved Croatia from relegation to League B as they achieved better goal difference than Sweden . Style of play . Kovačić has been described as a great technician with excellent dribbling abilities . He is considered to be a versatile midfielder , having played in different midfield positions . He started off as an attacking midfielder at Dinamo Zagreb , but he transformed his game at Inter where he was deployed out wide and also as a central midfielder , functioning as a deep-lying playmaker , while being coached by Andrea Stramaccioni . One of his trademarks is dropping deep to receive the ball and then driving forward , often performing his slalom runs . Under the coach , Walter Mazzarri , he was often used in a more advanced position . Former manager Giovanni Trapattoni once claimed that Kovačić knows how to really reach the ball from deep and drive up the pitch like a raging bull . Proven by his pass completion percentages , Kovačić is known for distributing the ball up the pitch . Reception . The Croatia under-17 manager , Martin Novoselac , reportedly said of Kovačić , I havent seen a youngster with so much talent since the days of Robert Prosinečki , referring to his fast development and talent . Kovačić revealed that precisely Prosinečki is the player he admired the most while growing up . His compatriot , Zvonimir Boban , who played for Milan for over a decade , in an interview with Sky Italia in 2013 said , He has talents that could make him even better than me , he is an incredibly serious professional for someone his age . Kovačić is a complete player . He is not a born regista but he is playing there now . He is a complete talent that can still grow — he has incredible potential . Trapattoni described him as a mixture of Kaká and Clarence Seedorf , because of his style of play and technical characteristics . Long-time Inter captain Javier Zanetti stated that , with the exception of Ronaldo , who had arrived to Inter when he was 21 , Kovačić was the most promising youngster he had seen in his 19 years at the club . Personal life . Kovačić was born in Linz , Austria , to Bosnian Croat parents Stipo and Ružica who had moved there from Zabrđe near Kotor Varoš , Bosnia and Herzegovina ahead of the Yugoslav Wars . He is a devout Roman Catholic and he attends church every Sunday . He speaks five languages : Croatian , German , English , Italian and Spanish . He named Luka Modrić his football idol . In 2017 , Kovačić married his longtime girlfriend Izabel Andrijanić . On 12 October 2020 , Andrijanić gave birth to their first child , a baby boy named Ivan . Honours . Dinamo Zagreb - Prva HNL : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Croatian Cup : 2010–11 , 2011–12 Real Madrid - La Liga : 2016–17 - Supercopa de España : 2017 - UEFA Champions League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - UEFA Super Cup : 2016 , 2017 - FIFA Club World Cup : 2016 , 2017 Chelsea - UEFA Champions League : 2020–21 - UEFA Europa League : 2018–19 - FA Cup runner-up : 2019–20 - EFL Cup runner-up : 2018–19 Croatia - FIFA World Cup runner-up : 2018 Individual - Croatian Football Hope of the Year : 2011 - Chelsea Player of the Year : 2019–20 Orders - Order of Duke Branimir : 2018 External links . - Profile at the Real Madrid CF website - Profile at the Chelsea C.F . website
|
[
"Inter Milan",
"Croatian senior team"
] |
[
{
"text": " Mateo Kovačić ( ; born 6 May 1994 ) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Chelsea and the Croatia national team . Kovačić is usually deployed as a central midfielder or box to box midfielder , but he is considered to be a versatile midfielder who can play in deeper positions . He also adapted to playing either wide on the left or as an attacking midfielder earlier in his career .",
"title": "Mateo Kovačić"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić began his professional career with Dinamo Zagreb at the age of 16 , with whom he won two consecutive league titles , before joining Inter Milan in 2013 . After the 2014–15 season , he moved to Real Madrid , where he won the 2015–16 , 2016–17 and 2017–18 Champions League . He joined Chelsea on one-year loan in 2018 , winning the 2018–19 Europa League in the process and eventually signing permanently for the Premier League club . After the 2019–20 season , he was named Chelsea Player of the Year .",
"title": "Mateo Kovačić"
},
{
"text": " A full Croatian international since 2013 , Kovačić represented the nation at the 2014 FIFA World Cup , UEFA Euro 2016 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup , reaching the final of the latter tournament . He was nicknamed Il Professore ( The Professor ) by the Italian sports journalists .",
"title": "Mateo Kovačić"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić began playing at an early age at the local LASK Linzs academy . In 2007 , when Kovačić was 13 , he was spotted by scouts from several prominent European clubs , including Ajax , Inter Milan , Juventus and Bayern Munich , but his family opted to move to Zagreb instead , where he joined the academy of Croatian giants Dinamo Zagreb .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić suffered a serious injury in 2009 in which his leg was broken , but he returned to the pitch after a lengthy recovery on 31 May 2010 , appearing in the last match of the Croatian under-17 academy league , in a friendly 5–0 win against RNK Split under-17s .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić started training with the clubs senior squad under manager , Vahid Halilhodžić , four months later , on 6 October 2010 , but continued to appear for the club in academy league matches during October . Later that month , it was reported by the local sports daily , Sportske novosti , that Arsenals chief scout , Steve Rowley , had arrived in Zagreb to watch him perform in under-17 matches against Cibalia and NK Zagreb .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić eventually had his professional league debut in the 2010–11 Croatian First Football League away match against Hrvatski Dragovoljac on 20 November 2010 , in which he scored Dinamos fourth goal in their 6–0 win . This made him the youngest goalscorer in the history of the league , at the age of 16 years and 198 days , breaking the record set only a week earlier by Dino Špehar who had scored for NK Osijek at the age of 16 years and 278 days on 13 November 2010 . In his first senior season with Dinamo Zagreb he managed",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "to appear in 7 matches , making a contribution in winning the league title .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011–12 season , Kovačić rapidly established himself as a first team regular . He played mainly in the position of left midfielder in 4–2–3–1 system . In the beginning of the season , he helped the team reach the Group Stage of the seasons Champions League for the first time in 12 years . Being only 17 years old , he appeared in the starting lineup of Dinamos first group match against Real Madrid . He finished his first European season with Dinamo by scoring a goal against Olympique Lyonnais in the last game of the Group Stage",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "in Zagreb and thus became the second youngest ever scorer in the Champions League . In the domestic league , he was a regular starter , appearing in 25 league matches and scoring five goals in the process . During a league match against NK Lučko , he became the youngest player to wear the captains armband in Dinamos history , taking the captaincy from Leandro Cufre . It was another successful season for him in domestic competitions as he appeared in 32 domestic league and cup matches during that season , helping Dinamo to win their seventh consecutive league",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "title . He also scored in the Croatian Cup final against NK Osijek on Maksimir Stadium . In December 2011 , he was named Croatian Football Hope of the Year .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "In the beginning of 2012–13 season , he suffered a metatarsal bone injury that caused him to miss several games on the clubs qualifying road to another Champions League . He returned just in time to play in Dinamos first Champions League game against Porto . Kovačić played in all six Dinamo Zagrebs matches in the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League group stage , against Porto , Paris Saint-Germain and Dynamo Kyiv . He continued to impress with his mature performances at a young age during the first half of the season . In October 2012 , he was nominated for",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "Golden Boy , an award given by sports journalists to a young player from Europe perceived to have been the most impressive during a season . During the seasons winter break , Dinamos board threw away the speculations about Kovačić leaving the club in the near future by saying they are building a new team around him and another rising star , Alen Halilović . However , on 30 January 2013 , the media surprisingly revealed Kovačić was sold to Italian Serie A club Inter Milan .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": " During his time with Dinamo , Kovačić won two domestic league titles and two Croatian Cup titles , appearing in a total of 73 official matches , including 12 appearances in the UEFA Champions League .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": " On 31 January 2013 , Kovačić agreed to a transfer to Inter Milan . It was revealed the deal was worth €15 million in total , with €11 million paid immediately and €4 million when and if Inter qualifies for the UEFA Champions League . Upon his arrival , Kovačić was given the number 10 shirt , previously worn by Wesley Sneijder . 2012–13 season .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić made his Inter Milan debut three days later on 3 February , coming on as a half-time substitute in a Serie A match against Siena . On 14 February , Kovačić made his European debut before the home crowd at San Siro in UEFA Europa League match against CFR Cluj . He provided the winning assist for Rodrigo Palacio , who made it 2–0 for Inter , impressing the crowd with his performance , and was given standing ovations while being substituted off in the 89th minute . He also played full 90 minutes in the 3–0 away win",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "against CFR Cluj as Inter proceeded to the next round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić made his first domestic league start for Inter in the next round of Serie A in a 1–4 away loss against Fiorentina . In the round of 16 of the UEFA Europa League , Inter was drawn to play against Tottenham Hotspur . After a 3–0 loss in London , Inter needed a 4–0 win in Milan to proceed to the next round . The match ended in a 4–1 win for Inter after the match went into extra time , with Kovačić playing as a starter . He impressed with his composure and playmaking ability , once again",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "receiving ovations by the fans . Then-Inter manager Andrea Stramaccioni hailed his performances on several occasions , describing him as a star for the future .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 30 March , Kovačić was a starter in his first Derby dItalia against Juventus at San Siro . The derby ended in a 1–2 win for Juventus , with Kovačić starting the action that resulted in Rodrigo Palacios 1–1 equalizer . Kovačić was a starter in Inters next Serie A match , a 0–2 away win against Sampdoria , as well as in their surprising 3–4 loss to Atalanta at San Siro , where he provided an assist for Ricky Álvarezs goal . By the end of the second half of the season , he was a starter in",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "all of the clubs Serie A fixtures , as Inter finished in disappointing ninth place on the Serie A table . In May , he was given the Gentleman Revelation of the Year award , awarded by Inter fans .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić missed most of the pre-season training with the squad due to series of small injuries , and made his comeback just few days before the first official match of the new season , a Coppa Italia match against Cittadella at Stadio Giuseppe Meazza . During the pre-season interviews , new Inter manager Walter Mazzarri hinted Kovačić would be given a new role on the pitch , a role similar to Marek Hamšíks in Napoli . During the first half of the season , Kovačić played regularly , although he struggled with adjusting to his new tactical role . Kovačić",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "made his first assist of the season in the match against Livorno , when he delivered an assist for Yuto Nagatomo . Unlike the previous season under manager Andrea Stramaccioni , Kovačić was not a regular starter during the 2013–14 season . In 32 Serie A matches played , he started only 14 , playing the entire 90 minutes on just eight occasions . He received the chance to restore his confidence towards the end of the season , as he was Mazzarris first-choice in the midfield in Inters last six matches . On 10 May , in Javier Zanettis",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "last competitive match at the San Siro , Kovačić made three assists in 4–1 victory over Lazio .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "After being subjected to persistent transfer speculation over the summer , in September 2014 , Kovačić was offered a contract extension until 2019 . He started the season in strong fashion , scoring a hat-trick in the second leg of Europa League play-off round against Stjarnan on 28 August . He scored his first league goal for Inter and assisted twice in a 7–0 win over Sassuolo on 14 September 2014 . He scored the clubs only goal in a 1–1 away draw with Palermo . He also scored the opening goal in a 2–0 win against Chievo and scored",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "a wonder goal in a 2–2 drawn against Lazio . On 6 January 2015 , he was sent-off in a 1–1 draw with Juventus for a foul on Stephan Lichtsteiner . Three days later , Kovačić renewed his contract with Inter until June 2019 .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 16 August 2015 , Inter manager Roberto Mancini confirmed the club was forced to sell Kovačić to Real Madrid due to Financial Fair Play regulations . Speaking during a press conference after a friendly against Greek club AEK Athens , Mancini said , There are rules that have to be respected . I dont think anyone wanted this to happen but we have the Financial Fair Play regulations to follow . Were all sorry about it : myself , the president , the management and the players themselves . Real Madrid also confirmed the transfer two days later ,",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "announcing Kovačić had signed a six-year contract with the club . The transfer fee was €29 million , according to Inters financial filing in the section Management Report ( ) . On 19 August , Kovačić was unveiled as a new player by Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , where it was revealed he would wear the number 16 shirt for the club . Kovačić became the fifth Croatian player , after Robert Prosinečki , Davor Šuker , Robert Jarni and Luka Modrić , to join Real Madrid .",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "Four days after his presentation , he made his debut as a 70th-minute substitute for Isco as Real Madrid began the Liga season with a goalless draw at promoted Sporting de Gijón . He scored his first goal in an 8–0 home win over Malmö FF on 8 December 2015 . On 3 January 2016 , Kovačić received a straight red card in a 2–2 draw at Valencia for a foul on João Cancelo . Until the end of his first season with Los Blancos , he made a total of 34 appearances . In the opening months of the",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "season , he was used quite regularly by then Real Madrid manager Rafael Benítez , playing in almost every midfield position there is – sometimes central , sometimes wide , sometimes further forward . However , after Zinedine Zidane replaced Benítez in early January , Kovačićs appearances became increasingly infrequent . With the Frenchman preferring to use a very defined starting 11 whenever possible instead of the more specific-lineups-for-specific-opponents approach employed by his predecessor , there was little room for Kovačić . He made eight appearances and scored one goal en Real Madrids route to the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "title .",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić scored his first Liga goal on 29 January 2017 in a 3–0 win over Real Sociedad . He was a part-time starter when Madrid won the 2016–17 La Liga and the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League . During the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League , Kovačić made six appearances when Madrid won their third consecutive—and 13th overall—UEFA Champions League title .",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": " On 8 August 2018 , Kovačić joined Chelsea on a one-year loan . He made his debut in a 3–2 home win against Arsenal on 18 August , appearing as a second-half substitute . On 29 May 2019 , he was named a starter for 2019 UEFA Europa League Final in Baku , playing until 78th minute when he was substituted off for Ross Barkley , as Chelsea defeated Arsenal 4–1 .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "On 1 July , Kovačić completed a permanent transfer to Chelsea , signing a five-year contract . After an underwhelming season under Maurizio Sarri , he turned into one of the most important Chelsea players under new coach Frank Lampard . Kovačić scored his first goal for Chelsea on 27 November , in a 2–2 Champions League draw against Valencia at Mestalla Stadium . On 7 December , he scored his first Premier League goal in a 1–3 away loss to Everton . In the 2020 FA Cup Final on 1 August 2020 , he was controversially sent off for",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "a rather soft challenge on Granit Xhaka , as Chelsea lost 2–1 to Arsenal . On 25 August , he was named the Chelsea Player of the Year .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "On 23 September 2020 , Kovačić marked his 100th appearance for the club against Barnsley in the third round of the EFL Cup as Chelsea won 6–0 at home . After a rougher start of the season , Kovačić regained form from the previous season following the appointment of new manager Thomas Tuchel . Ahead of the second leg of the Champions League quarter-final against Porto , Kovačić sustained a tendon injury and was forced to miss the semi-final tie against his former club Real Madrid , which Chelsea won 3–1 on aggregate . Despite previously winning three Champions Leagues",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": ", on 29 May 2021 , Kovačić played in a Champions League Final for the first time in his career , coming on for Mason Mount in the 80th minute , as Chelsea defeated Manchester City 1–0 .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić appeared for the Croatian national team at various youth levels , debuting in May 2008 in an under-14 friendly match against Slovakia . Since 2011 , he was a regular member of the Croatia under-19 and under-21 teams . In August 2012 , Kovačić received his first competitive call-up for the Croatian senior team match against Switzerland , but did not play because of injury . Subsequently , he received a call up for 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in March 2013 . He made his senior debut in a qualification match against Serbia on 22 March 2013",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": ", playing as a central midfielder alongside Luka Modrić , instead of a regular team starter , Ognjen Vukojević . Four days later , he played against Wales at Liberty Stadium , coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–2 win . His third match of the campaign came in June , when Croatia faced Scotland in Zagreb and suffered a frustrating defeat as they were unable to score despite a string of good chances . By the end of the qualifiers , Kovačić made two more competitive appearances for Croatia , as Croatia scraped into the FIFA World",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Cup play-offs having taken only one point from their last four qualifiers . Although he didnt participate in the scoreless first leg of the play-off against Iceland in Reykjavík , Kovačić started the second and decisive leg between the two national teams in Zagreb , making an assist for the teams second goal as they reached the 2014 FIFA World Cup finals 2–0 on aggregate .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 2 June 2014 , Kovačić was confirmed as a member of Croatias 2014 FIFA World Cup squad . He was in Croatias starting team for the opening game of the tournament , a 3–1 defeat to World Cup hosts Brazil at the Arena Corinthians , São Paulo , where he played for his team for 60 minutes before being substituted . He went to play all the remaining games in the group stage , as Croatia was eliminated in a group stage . On 7 June 2015 , he scored his first international goal in a 4–0 victory over",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Gibraltar , coming in his 20th appearance for the team .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " On 4 June 2018 , Kovačić was selected in Croatias 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 22 June , Kovačić provided an assist to his teammate Ivan Rakitić as he scored Croatias third goal in a 3–0 win over Argentina in their second group stage match of the tournament . Croatia was beaten 4–2 by France in the final on 15 July .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić appeared in Croatias Nations League matches against Spain away and England home , that ended up as 6–0 defeat and a goalless draw , respectively . He featured throughout Croatias successful Euro 2020 qualifying campaign , as they finished top of the group . In a 2–1 win over Wales in Osijek on 8 June 2019 , he scored what would have been a goal for 2–0 , however it was disallowed as Andrej Kramarić was in an offside position . In a return leg on 13 October , in the build-up to the Wales goal , Kovačić was",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "controversially injured by Ben Davies as the match ended up as a 1–1 draw .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " During 2020–21 Nations League , Kovačić was heavily criticized for his inefficiency in the national team , especially after making an error that led to Dejan Kuluševskis opening goal in Croatias crucial match against Sweden on 14 November 2020 , that eventually finished as a 2–1 defeat . However , three days later , he scored a brace in a 3–2 defeat to Portugal , which eventually saved Croatia from relegation to League B as they achieved better goal difference than Sweden .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić has been described as a great technician with excellent dribbling abilities . He is considered to be a versatile midfielder , having played in different midfield positions . He started off as an attacking midfielder at Dinamo Zagreb , but he transformed his game at Inter where he was deployed out wide and also as a central midfielder , functioning as a deep-lying playmaker , while being coached by Andrea Stramaccioni . One of his trademarks is dropping deep to receive the ball and then driving forward , often performing his slalom runs . Under the coach , Walter",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": "Mazzarri , he was often used in a more advanced position . Former manager Giovanni Trapattoni once claimed that Kovačić knows how to really reach the ball from deep and drive up the pitch like a raging bull . Proven by his pass completion percentages , Kovačić is known for distributing the ball up the pitch .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": "The Croatia under-17 manager , Martin Novoselac , reportedly said of Kovačić , I havent seen a youngster with so much talent since the days of Robert Prosinečki , referring to his fast development and talent . Kovačić revealed that precisely Prosinečki is the player he admired the most while growing up . His compatriot , Zvonimir Boban , who played for Milan for over a decade , in an interview with Sky Italia in 2013 said , He has talents that could make him even better than me , he is an incredibly serious professional for someone his age",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": ". Kovačić is a complete player . He is not a born regista but he is playing there now . He is a complete talent that can still grow — he has incredible potential . Trapattoni described him as a mixture of Kaká and Clarence Seedorf , because of his style of play and technical characteristics . Long-time Inter captain Javier Zanetti stated that , with the exception of Ronaldo , who had arrived to Inter when he was 21 , Kovačić was the most promising youngster he had seen in his 19 years at the club .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić was born in Linz , Austria , to Bosnian Croat parents Stipo and Ružica who had moved there from Zabrđe near Kotor Varoš , Bosnia and Herzegovina ahead of the Yugoslav Wars . He is a devout Roman Catholic and he attends church every Sunday . He speaks five languages : Croatian , German , English , Italian and Spanish . He named Luka Modrić his football idol .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , Kovačić married his longtime girlfriend Izabel Andrijanić . On 12 October 2020 , Andrijanić gave birth to their first child , a baby boy named Ivan .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Prva HNL : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Croatian Cup : 2010–11 , 2011–12",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": " - La Liga : 2016–17 - Supercopa de España : 2017 - UEFA Champions League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - UEFA Super Cup : 2016 , 2017 - FIFA Club World Cup : 2016 , 2017",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": " - UEFA Champions League : 2020–21 - UEFA Europa League : 2018–19 - FA Cup runner-up : 2019–20 - EFL Cup runner-up : 2018–19",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": " - Croatian Football Hope of the Year : 2011 - Chelsea Player of the Year : 2019–20",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Profile at the Real Madrid CF website - Profile at the Chelsea C.F . website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Mateo_Kovačić#P54#3
|
Which team did the player Mateo Kovačić belong to between Jun 2015 and Aug 2016?
|
Mateo Kovačić Mateo Kovačić ( ; born 6 May 1994 ) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Chelsea and the Croatia national team . Kovačić is usually deployed as a central midfielder or box to box midfielder , but he is considered to be a versatile midfielder who can play in deeper positions . He also adapted to playing either wide on the left or as an attacking midfielder earlier in his career . Kovačić began his professional career with Dinamo Zagreb at the age of 16 , with whom he won two consecutive league titles , before joining Inter Milan in 2013 . After the 2014–15 season , he moved to Real Madrid , where he won the 2015–16 , 2016–17 and 2017–18 Champions League . He joined Chelsea on one-year loan in 2018 , winning the 2018–19 Europa League in the process and eventually signing permanently for the Premier League club . After the 2019–20 season , he was named Chelsea Player of the Year . A full Croatian international since 2013 , Kovačić represented the nation at the 2014 FIFA World Cup , UEFA Euro 2016 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup , reaching the final of the latter tournament . He was nicknamed Il Professore ( The Professor ) by the Italian sports journalists . Club career . Youth career . Kovačić began playing at an early age at the local LASK Linzs academy . In 2007 , when Kovačić was 13 , he was spotted by scouts from several prominent European clubs , including Ajax , Inter Milan , Juventus and Bayern Munich , but his family opted to move to Zagreb instead , where he joined the academy of Croatian giants Dinamo Zagreb . Kovačić suffered a serious injury in 2009 in which his leg was broken , but he returned to the pitch after a lengthy recovery on 31 May 2010 , appearing in the last match of the Croatian under-17 academy league , in a friendly 5–0 win against RNK Split under-17s . Dinamo Zagreb . Kovačić started training with the clubs senior squad under manager , Vahid Halilhodžić , four months later , on 6 October 2010 , but continued to appear for the club in academy league matches during October . Later that month , it was reported by the local sports daily , Sportske novosti , that Arsenals chief scout , Steve Rowley , had arrived in Zagreb to watch him perform in under-17 matches against Cibalia and NK Zagreb . Kovačić eventually had his professional league debut in the 2010–11 Croatian First Football League away match against Hrvatski Dragovoljac on 20 November 2010 , in which he scored Dinamos fourth goal in their 6–0 win . This made him the youngest goalscorer in the history of the league , at the age of 16 years and 198 days , breaking the record set only a week earlier by Dino Špehar who had scored for NK Osijek at the age of 16 years and 278 days on 13 November 2010 . In his first senior season with Dinamo Zagreb he managed to appear in 7 matches , making a contribution in winning the league title . In the 2011–12 season , Kovačić rapidly established himself as a first team regular . He played mainly in the position of left midfielder in 4–2–3–1 system . In the beginning of the season , he helped the team reach the Group Stage of the seasons Champions League for the first time in 12 years . Being only 17 years old , he appeared in the starting lineup of Dinamos first group match against Real Madrid . He finished his first European season with Dinamo by scoring a goal against Olympique Lyonnais in the last game of the Group Stage in Zagreb and thus became the second youngest ever scorer in the Champions League . In the domestic league , he was a regular starter , appearing in 25 league matches and scoring five goals in the process . During a league match against NK Lučko , he became the youngest player to wear the captains armband in Dinamos history , taking the captaincy from Leandro Cufre . It was another successful season for him in domestic competitions as he appeared in 32 domestic league and cup matches during that season , helping Dinamo to win their seventh consecutive league title . He also scored in the Croatian Cup final against NK Osijek on Maksimir Stadium . In December 2011 , he was named Croatian Football Hope of the Year . In the beginning of 2012–13 season , he suffered a metatarsal bone injury that caused him to miss several games on the clubs qualifying road to another Champions League . He returned just in time to play in Dinamos first Champions League game against Porto . Kovačić played in all six Dinamo Zagrebs matches in the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League group stage , against Porto , Paris Saint-Germain and Dynamo Kyiv . He continued to impress with his mature performances at a young age during the first half of the season . In October 2012 , he was nominated for Golden Boy , an award given by sports journalists to a young player from Europe perceived to have been the most impressive during a season . During the seasons winter break , Dinamos board threw away the speculations about Kovačić leaving the club in the near future by saying they are building a new team around him and another rising star , Alen Halilović . However , on 30 January 2013 , the media surprisingly revealed Kovačić was sold to Italian Serie A club Inter Milan . During his time with Dinamo , Kovačić won two domestic league titles and two Croatian Cup titles , appearing in a total of 73 official matches , including 12 appearances in the UEFA Champions League . Inter Milan . On 31 January 2013 , Kovačić agreed to a transfer to Inter Milan . It was revealed the deal was worth €15 million in total , with €11 million paid immediately and €4 million when and if Inter qualifies for the UEFA Champions League . Upon his arrival , Kovačić was given the number 10 shirt , previously worn by Wesley Sneijder . 2012–13 season . Kovačić made his Inter Milan debut three days later on 3 February , coming on as a half-time substitute in a Serie A match against Siena . On 14 February , Kovačić made his European debut before the home crowd at San Siro in UEFA Europa League match against CFR Cluj . He provided the winning assist for Rodrigo Palacio , who made it 2–0 for Inter , impressing the crowd with his performance , and was given standing ovations while being substituted off in the 89th minute . He also played full 90 minutes in the 3–0 away win against CFR Cluj as Inter proceeded to the next round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League . Kovačić made his first domestic league start for Inter in the next round of Serie A in a 1–4 away loss against Fiorentina . In the round of 16 of the UEFA Europa League , Inter was drawn to play against Tottenham Hotspur . After a 3–0 loss in London , Inter needed a 4–0 win in Milan to proceed to the next round . The match ended in a 4–1 win for Inter after the match went into extra time , with Kovačić playing as a starter . He impressed with his composure and playmaking ability , once again receiving ovations by the fans . Then-Inter manager Andrea Stramaccioni hailed his performances on several occasions , describing him as a star for the future . On 30 March , Kovačić was a starter in his first Derby dItalia against Juventus at San Siro . The derby ended in a 1–2 win for Juventus , with Kovačić starting the action that resulted in Rodrigo Palacios 1–1 equalizer . Kovačić was a starter in Inters next Serie A match , a 0–2 away win against Sampdoria , as well as in their surprising 3–4 loss to Atalanta at San Siro , where he provided an assist for Ricky Álvarezs goal . By the end of the second half of the season , he was a starter in all of the clubs Serie A fixtures , as Inter finished in disappointing ninth place on the Serie A table . In May , he was given the Gentleman Revelation of the Year award , awarded by Inter fans . 2013–14 season . Kovačić missed most of the pre-season training with the squad due to series of small injuries , and made his comeback just few days before the first official match of the new season , a Coppa Italia match against Cittadella at Stadio Giuseppe Meazza . During the pre-season interviews , new Inter manager Walter Mazzarri hinted Kovačić would be given a new role on the pitch , a role similar to Marek Hamšíks in Napoli . During the first half of the season , Kovačić played regularly , although he struggled with adjusting to his new tactical role . Kovačić made his first assist of the season in the match against Livorno , when he delivered an assist for Yuto Nagatomo . Unlike the previous season under manager Andrea Stramaccioni , Kovačić was not a regular starter during the 2013–14 season . In 32 Serie A matches played , he started only 14 , playing the entire 90 minutes on just eight occasions . He received the chance to restore his confidence towards the end of the season , as he was Mazzarris first-choice in the midfield in Inters last six matches . On 10 May , in Javier Zanettis last competitive match at the San Siro , Kovačić made three assists in 4–1 victory over Lazio . 2014–15 season . After being subjected to persistent transfer speculation over the summer , in September 2014 , Kovačić was offered a contract extension until 2019 . He started the season in strong fashion , scoring a hat-trick in the second leg of Europa League play-off round against Stjarnan on 28 August . He scored his first league goal for Inter and assisted twice in a 7–0 win over Sassuolo on 14 September 2014 . He scored the clubs only goal in a 1–1 away draw with Palermo . He also scored the opening goal in a 2–0 win against Chievo and scored a wonder goal in a 2–2 drawn against Lazio . On 6 January 2015 , he was sent-off in a 1–1 draw with Juventus for a foul on Stephan Lichtsteiner . Three days later , Kovačić renewed his contract with Inter until June 2019 . Real Madrid . On 16 August 2015 , Inter manager Roberto Mancini confirmed the club was forced to sell Kovačić to Real Madrid due to Financial Fair Play regulations . Speaking during a press conference after a friendly against Greek club AEK Athens , Mancini said , There are rules that have to be respected . I dont think anyone wanted this to happen but we have the Financial Fair Play regulations to follow . Were all sorry about it : myself , the president , the management and the players themselves . Real Madrid also confirmed the transfer two days later , announcing Kovačić had signed a six-year contract with the club . The transfer fee was €29 million , according to Inters financial filing in the section Management Report ( ) . On 19 August , Kovačić was unveiled as a new player by Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , where it was revealed he would wear the number 16 shirt for the club . Kovačić became the fifth Croatian player , after Robert Prosinečki , Davor Šuker , Robert Jarni and Luka Modrić , to join Real Madrid . Four days after his presentation , he made his debut as a 70th-minute substitute for Isco as Real Madrid began the Liga season with a goalless draw at promoted Sporting de Gijón . He scored his first goal in an 8–0 home win over Malmö FF on 8 December 2015 . On 3 January 2016 , Kovačić received a straight red card in a 2–2 draw at Valencia for a foul on João Cancelo . Until the end of his first season with Los Blancos , he made a total of 34 appearances . In the opening months of the season , he was used quite regularly by then Real Madrid manager Rafael Benítez , playing in almost every midfield position there is – sometimes central , sometimes wide , sometimes further forward . However , after Zinedine Zidane replaced Benítez in early January , Kovačićs appearances became increasingly infrequent . With the Frenchman preferring to use a very defined starting 11 whenever possible instead of the more specific-lineups-for-specific-opponents approach employed by his predecessor , there was little room for Kovačić . He made eight appearances and scored one goal en Real Madrids route to the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League title . Kovačić scored his first Liga goal on 29 January 2017 in a 3–0 win over Real Sociedad . He was a part-time starter when Madrid won the 2016–17 La Liga and the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League . During the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League , Kovačić made six appearances when Madrid won their third consecutive—and 13th overall—UEFA Champions League title . Chelsea . On 8 August 2018 , Kovačić joined Chelsea on a one-year loan . He made his debut in a 3–2 home win against Arsenal on 18 August , appearing as a second-half substitute . On 29 May 2019 , he was named a starter for 2019 UEFA Europa League Final in Baku , playing until 78th minute when he was substituted off for Ross Barkley , as Chelsea defeated Arsenal 4–1 . On 1 July , Kovačić completed a permanent transfer to Chelsea , signing a five-year contract . After an underwhelming season under Maurizio Sarri , he turned into one of the most important Chelsea players under new coach Frank Lampard . Kovačić scored his first goal for Chelsea on 27 November , in a 2–2 Champions League draw against Valencia at Mestalla Stadium . On 7 December , he scored his first Premier League goal in a 1–3 away loss to Everton . In the 2020 FA Cup Final on 1 August 2020 , he was controversially sent off for a rather soft challenge on Granit Xhaka , as Chelsea lost 2–1 to Arsenal . On 25 August , he was named the Chelsea Player of the Year . On 23 September 2020 , Kovačić marked his 100th appearance for the club against Barnsley in the third round of the EFL Cup as Chelsea won 6–0 at home . After a rougher start of the season , Kovačić regained form from the previous season following the appointment of new manager Thomas Tuchel . Ahead of the second leg of the Champions League quarter-final against Porto , Kovačić sustained a tendon injury and was forced to miss the semi-final tie against his former club Real Madrid , which Chelsea won 3–1 on aggregate . Despite previously winning three Champions Leagues , on 29 May 2021 , Kovačić played in a Champions League Final for the first time in his career , coming on for Mason Mount in the 80th minute , as Chelsea defeated Manchester City 1–0 . International career . Kovačić appeared for the Croatian national team at various youth levels , debuting in May 2008 in an under-14 friendly match against Slovakia . Since 2011 , he was a regular member of the Croatia under-19 and under-21 teams . In August 2012 , Kovačić received his first competitive call-up for the Croatian senior team match against Switzerland , but did not play because of injury . Subsequently , he received a call up for 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in March 2013 . He made his senior debut in a qualification match against Serbia on 22 March 2013 , playing as a central midfielder alongside Luka Modrić , instead of a regular team starter , Ognjen Vukojević . Four days later , he played against Wales at Liberty Stadium , coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–2 win . His third match of the campaign came in June , when Croatia faced Scotland in Zagreb and suffered a frustrating defeat as they were unable to score despite a string of good chances . By the end of the qualifiers , Kovačić made two more competitive appearances for Croatia , as Croatia scraped into the FIFA World Cup play-offs having taken only one point from their last four qualifiers . Although he didnt participate in the scoreless first leg of the play-off against Iceland in Reykjavík , Kovačić started the second and decisive leg between the two national teams in Zagreb , making an assist for the teams second goal as they reached the 2014 FIFA World Cup finals 2–0 on aggregate . On 2 June 2014 , Kovačić was confirmed as a member of Croatias 2014 FIFA World Cup squad . He was in Croatias starting team for the opening game of the tournament , a 3–1 defeat to World Cup hosts Brazil at the Arena Corinthians , São Paulo , where he played for his team for 60 minutes before being substituted . He went to play all the remaining games in the group stage , as Croatia was eliminated in a group stage . On 7 June 2015 , he scored his first international goal in a 4–0 victory over Gibraltar , coming in his 20th appearance for the team . On 4 June 2018 , Kovačić was selected in Croatias 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 22 June , Kovačić provided an assist to his teammate Ivan Rakitić as he scored Croatias third goal in a 3–0 win over Argentina in their second group stage match of the tournament . Croatia was beaten 4–2 by France in the final on 15 July . Kovačić appeared in Croatias Nations League matches against Spain away and England home , that ended up as 6–0 defeat and a goalless draw , respectively . He featured throughout Croatias successful Euro 2020 qualifying campaign , as they finished top of the group . In a 2–1 win over Wales in Osijek on 8 June 2019 , he scored what would have been a goal for 2–0 , however it was disallowed as Andrej Kramarić was in an offside position . In a return leg on 13 October , in the build-up to the Wales goal , Kovačić was controversially injured by Ben Davies as the match ended up as a 1–1 draw . During 2020–21 Nations League , Kovačić was heavily criticized for his inefficiency in the national team , especially after making an error that led to Dejan Kuluševskis opening goal in Croatias crucial match against Sweden on 14 November 2020 , that eventually finished as a 2–1 defeat . However , three days later , he scored a brace in a 3–2 defeat to Portugal , which eventually saved Croatia from relegation to League B as they achieved better goal difference than Sweden . Style of play . Kovačić has been described as a great technician with excellent dribbling abilities . He is considered to be a versatile midfielder , having played in different midfield positions . He started off as an attacking midfielder at Dinamo Zagreb , but he transformed his game at Inter where he was deployed out wide and also as a central midfielder , functioning as a deep-lying playmaker , while being coached by Andrea Stramaccioni . One of his trademarks is dropping deep to receive the ball and then driving forward , often performing his slalom runs . Under the coach , Walter Mazzarri , he was often used in a more advanced position . Former manager Giovanni Trapattoni once claimed that Kovačić knows how to really reach the ball from deep and drive up the pitch like a raging bull . Proven by his pass completion percentages , Kovačić is known for distributing the ball up the pitch . Reception . The Croatia under-17 manager , Martin Novoselac , reportedly said of Kovačić , I havent seen a youngster with so much talent since the days of Robert Prosinečki , referring to his fast development and talent . Kovačić revealed that precisely Prosinečki is the player he admired the most while growing up . His compatriot , Zvonimir Boban , who played for Milan for over a decade , in an interview with Sky Italia in 2013 said , He has talents that could make him even better than me , he is an incredibly serious professional for someone his age . Kovačić is a complete player . He is not a born regista but he is playing there now . He is a complete talent that can still grow — he has incredible potential . Trapattoni described him as a mixture of Kaká and Clarence Seedorf , because of his style of play and technical characteristics . Long-time Inter captain Javier Zanetti stated that , with the exception of Ronaldo , who had arrived to Inter when he was 21 , Kovačić was the most promising youngster he had seen in his 19 years at the club . Personal life . Kovačić was born in Linz , Austria , to Bosnian Croat parents Stipo and Ružica who had moved there from Zabrđe near Kotor Varoš , Bosnia and Herzegovina ahead of the Yugoslav Wars . He is a devout Roman Catholic and he attends church every Sunday . He speaks five languages : Croatian , German , English , Italian and Spanish . He named Luka Modrić his football idol . In 2017 , Kovačić married his longtime girlfriend Izabel Andrijanić . On 12 October 2020 , Andrijanić gave birth to their first child , a baby boy named Ivan . Honours . Dinamo Zagreb - Prva HNL : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Croatian Cup : 2010–11 , 2011–12 Real Madrid - La Liga : 2016–17 - Supercopa de España : 2017 - UEFA Champions League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - UEFA Super Cup : 2016 , 2017 - FIFA Club World Cup : 2016 , 2017 Chelsea - UEFA Champions League : 2020–21 - UEFA Europa League : 2018–19 - FA Cup runner-up : 2019–20 - EFL Cup runner-up : 2018–19 Croatia - FIFA World Cup runner-up : 2018 Individual - Croatian Football Hope of the Year : 2011 - Chelsea Player of the Year : 2019–20 Orders - Order of Duke Branimir : 2018 External links . - Profile at the Real Madrid CF website - Profile at the Chelsea C.F . website
|
[
"Real Madrid CF",
"Croatian senior team"
] |
[
{
"text": " Mateo Kovačić ( ; born 6 May 1994 ) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Chelsea and the Croatia national team . Kovačić is usually deployed as a central midfielder or box to box midfielder , but he is considered to be a versatile midfielder who can play in deeper positions . He also adapted to playing either wide on the left or as an attacking midfielder earlier in his career .",
"title": "Mateo Kovačić"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić began his professional career with Dinamo Zagreb at the age of 16 , with whom he won two consecutive league titles , before joining Inter Milan in 2013 . After the 2014–15 season , he moved to Real Madrid , where he won the 2015–16 , 2016–17 and 2017–18 Champions League . He joined Chelsea on one-year loan in 2018 , winning the 2018–19 Europa League in the process and eventually signing permanently for the Premier League club . After the 2019–20 season , he was named Chelsea Player of the Year .",
"title": "Mateo Kovačić"
},
{
"text": " A full Croatian international since 2013 , Kovačić represented the nation at the 2014 FIFA World Cup , UEFA Euro 2016 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup , reaching the final of the latter tournament . He was nicknamed Il Professore ( The Professor ) by the Italian sports journalists .",
"title": "Mateo Kovačić"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić began playing at an early age at the local LASK Linzs academy . In 2007 , when Kovačić was 13 , he was spotted by scouts from several prominent European clubs , including Ajax , Inter Milan , Juventus and Bayern Munich , but his family opted to move to Zagreb instead , where he joined the academy of Croatian giants Dinamo Zagreb .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić suffered a serious injury in 2009 in which his leg was broken , but he returned to the pitch after a lengthy recovery on 31 May 2010 , appearing in the last match of the Croatian under-17 academy league , in a friendly 5–0 win against RNK Split under-17s .",
"title": "Youth career"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić started training with the clubs senior squad under manager , Vahid Halilhodžić , four months later , on 6 October 2010 , but continued to appear for the club in academy league matches during October . Later that month , it was reported by the local sports daily , Sportske novosti , that Arsenals chief scout , Steve Rowley , had arrived in Zagreb to watch him perform in under-17 matches against Cibalia and NK Zagreb .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić eventually had his professional league debut in the 2010–11 Croatian First Football League away match against Hrvatski Dragovoljac on 20 November 2010 , in which he scored Dinamos fourth goal in their 6–0 win . This made him the youngest goalscorer in the history of the league , at the age of 16 years and 198 days , breaking the record set only a week earlier by Dino Špehar who had scored for NK Osijek at the age of 16 years and 278 days on 13 November 2010 . In his first senior season with Dinamo Zagreb he managed",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "to appear in 7 matches , making a contribution in winning the league title .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "In the 2011–12 season , Kovačić rapidly established himself as a first team regular . He played mainly in the position of left midfielder in 4–2–3–1 system . In the beginning of the season , he helped the team reach the Group Stage of the seasons Champions League for the first time in 12 years . Being only 17 years old , he appeared in the starting lineup of Dinamos first group match against Real Madrid . He finished his first European season with Dinamo by scoring a goal against Olympique Lyonnais in the last game of the Group Stage",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "in Zagreb and thus became the second youngest ever scorer in the Champions League . In the domestic league , he was a regular starter , appearing in 25 league matches and scoring five goals in the process . During a league match against NK Lučko , he became the youngest player to wear the captains armband in Dinamos history , taking the captaincy from Leandro Cufre . It was another successful season for him in domestic competitions as he appeared in 32 domestic league and cup matches during that season , helping Dinamo to win their seventh consecutive league",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "title . He also scored in the Croatian Cup final against NK Osijek on Maksimir Stadium . In December 2011 , he was named Croatian Football Hope of the Year .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "In the beginning of 2012–13 season , he suffered a metatarsal bone injury that caused him to miss several games on the clubs qualifying road to another Champions League . He returned just in time to play in Dinamos first Champions League game against Porto . Kovačić played in all six Dinamo Zagrebs matches in the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League group stage , against Porto , Paris Saint-Germain and Dynamo Kyiv . He continued to impress with his mature performances at a young age during the first half of the season . In October 2012 , he was nominated for",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": "Golden Boy , an award given by sports journalists to a young player from Europe perceived to have been the most impressive during a season . During the seasons winter break , Dinamos board threw away the speculations about Kovačić leaving the club in the near future by saying they are building a new team around him and another rising star , Alen Halilović . However , on 30 January 2013 , the media surprisingly revealed Kovačić was sold to Italian Serie A club Inter Milan .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": " During his time with Dinamo , Kovačić won two domestic league titles and two Croatian Cup titles , appearing in a total of 73 official matches , including 12 appearances in the UEFA Champions League .",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": " On 31 January 2013 , Kovačić agreed to a transfer to Inter Milan . It was revealed the deal was worth €15 million in total , with €11 million paid immediately and €4 million when and if Inter qualifies for the UEFA Champions League . Upon his arrival , Kovačić was given the number 10 shirt , previously worn by Wesley Sneijder . 2012–13 season .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić made his Inter Milan debut three days later on 3 February , coming on as a half-time substitute in a Serie A match against Siena . On 14 February , Kovačić made his European debut before the home crowd at San Siro in UEFA Europa League match against CFR Cluj . He provided the winning assist for Rodrigo Palacio , who made it 2–0 for Inter , impressing the crowd with his performance , and was given standing ovations while being substituted off in the 89th minute . He also played full 90 minutes in the 3–0 away win",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "against CFR Cluj as Inter proceeded to the next round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić made his first domestic league start for Inter in the next round of Serie A in a 1–4 away loss against Fiorentina . In the round of 16 of the UEFA Europa League , Inter was drawn to play against Tottenham Hotspur . After a 3–0 loss in London , Inter needed a 4–0 win in Milan to proceed to the next round . The match ended in a 4–1 win for Inter after the match went into extra time , with Kovačić playing as a starter . He impressed with his composure and playmaking ability , once again",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "receiving ovations by the fans . Then-Inter manager Andrea Stramaccioni hailed his performances on several occasions , describing him as a star for the future .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 30 March , Kovačić was a starter in his first Derby dItalia against Juventus at San Siro . The derby ended in a 1–2 win for Juventus , with Kovačić starting the action that resulted in Rodrigo Palacios 1–1 equalizer . Kovačić was a starter in Inters next Serie A match , a 0–2 away win against Sampdoria , as well as in their surprising 3–4 loss to Atalanta at San Siro , where he provided an assist for Ricky Álvarezs goal . By the end of the second half of the season , he was a starter in",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "all of the clubs Serie A fixtures , as Inter finished in disappointing ninth place on the Serie A table . In May , he was given the Gentleman Revelation of the Year award , awarded by Inter fans .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić missed most of the pre-season training with the squad due to series of small injuries , and made his comeback just few days before the first official match of the new season , a Coppa Italia match against Cittadella at Stadio Giuseppe Meazza . During the pre-season interviews , new Inter manager Walter Mazzarri hinted Kovačić would be given a new role on the pitch , a role similar to Marek Hamšíks in Napoli . During the first half of the season , Kovačić played regularly , although he struggled with adjusting to his new tactical role . Kovačić",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "made his first assist of the season in the match against Livorno , when he delivered an assist for Yuto Nagatomo . Unlike the previous season under manager Andrea Stramaccioni , Kovačić was not a regular starter during the 2013–14 season . In 32 Serie A matches played , he started only 14 , playing the entire 90 minutes on just eight occasions . He received the chance to restore his confidence towards the end of the season , as he was Mazzarris first-choice in the midfield in Inters last six matches . On 10 May , in Javier Zanettis",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "last competitive match at the San Siro , Kovačić made three assists in 4–1 victory over Lazio .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "After being subjected to persistent transfer speculation over the summer , in September 2014 , Kovačić was offered a contract extension until 2019 . He started the season in strong fashion , scoring a hat-trick in the second leg of Europa League play-off round against Stjarnan on 28 August . He scored his first league goal for Inter and assisted twice in a 7–0 win over Sassuolo on 14 September 2014 . He scored the clubs only goal in a 1–1 away draw with Palermo . He also scored the opening goal in a 2–0 win against Chievo and scored",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "a wonder goal in a 2–2 drawn against Lazio . On 6 January 2015 , he was sent-off in a 1–1 draw with Juventus for a foul on Stephan Lichtsteiner . Three days later , Kovačić renewed his contract with Inter until June 2019 .",
"title": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 16 August 2015 , Inter manager Roberto Mancini confirmed the club was forced to sell Kovačić to Real Madrid due to Financial Fair Play regulations . Speaking during a press conference after a friendly against Greek club AEK Athens , Mancini said , There are rules that have to be respected . I dont think anyone wanted this to happen but we have the Financial Fair Play regulations to follow . Were all sorry about it : myself , the president , the management and the players themselves . Real Madrid also confirmed the transfer two days later ,",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "announcing Kovačić had signed a six-year contract with the club . The transfer fee was €29 million , according to Inters financial filing in the section Management Report ( ) . On 19 August , Kovačić was unveiled as a new player by Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , where it was revealed he would wear the number 16 shirt for the club . Kovačić became the fifth Croatian player , after Robert Prosinečki , Davor Šuker , Robert Jarni and Luka Modrić , to join Real Madrid .",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "Four days after his presentation , he made his debut as a 70th-minute substitute for Isco as Real Madrid began the Liga season with a goalless draw at promoted Sporting de Gijón . He scored his first goal in an 8–0 home win over Malmö FF on 8 December 2015 . On 3 January 2016 , Kovačić received a straight red card in a 2–2 draw at Valencia for a foul on João Cancelo . Until the end of his first season with Los Blancos , he made a total of 34 appearances . In the opening months of the",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "season , he was used quite regularly by then Real Madrid manager Rafael Benítez , playing in almost every midfield position there is – sometimes central , sometimes wide , sometimes further forward . However , after Zinedine Zidane replaced Benítez in early January , Kovačićs appearances became increasingly infrequent . With the Frenchman preferring to use a very defined starting 11 whenever possible instead of the more specific-lineups-for-specific-opponents approach employed by his predecessor , there was little room for Kovačić . He made eight appearances and scored one goal en Real Madrids route to the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": "title .",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić scored his first Liga goal on 29 January 2017 in a 3–0 win over Real Sociedad . He was a part-time starter when Madrid won the 2016–17 La Liga and the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League . During the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League , Kovačić made six appearances when Madrid won their third consecutive—and 13th overall—UEFA Champions League title .",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": " On 8 August 2018 , Kovačić joined Chelsea on a one-year loan . He made his debut in a 3–2 home win against Arsenal on 18 August , appearing as a second-half substitute . On 29 May 2019 , he was named a starter for 2019 UEFA Europa League Final in Baku , playing until 78th minute when he was substituted off for Ross Barkley , as Chelsea defeated Arsenal 4–1 .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "On 1 July , Kovačić completed a permanent transfer to Chelsea , signing a five-year contract . After an underwhelming season under Maurizio Sarri , he turned into one of the most important Chelsea players under new coach Frank Lampard . Kovačić scored his first goal for Chelsea on 27 November , in a 2–2 Champions League draw against Valencia at Mestalla Stadium . On 7 December , he scored his first Premier League goal in a 1–3 away loss to Everton . In the 2020 FA Cup Final on 1 August 2020 , he was controversially sent off for",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "a rather soft challenge on Granit Xhaka , as Chelsea lost 2–1 to Arsenal . On 25 August , he was named the Chelsea Player of the Year .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "On 23 September 2020 , Kovačić marked his 100th appearance for the club against Barnsley in the third round of the EFL Cup as Chelsea won 6–0 at home . After a rougher start of the season , Kovačić regained form from the previous season following the appointment of new manager Thomas Tuchel . Ahead of the second leg of the Champions League quarter-final against Porto , Kovačić sustained a tendon injury and was forced to miss the semi-final tie against his former club Real Madrid , which Chelsea won 3–1 on aggregate . Despite previously winning three Champions Leagues",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": ", on 29 May 2021 , Kovačić played in a Champions League Final for the first time in his career , coming on for Mason Mount in the 80th minute , as Chelsea defeated Manchester City 1–0 .",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić appeared for the Croatian national team at various youth levels , debuting in May 2008 in an under-14 friendly match against Slovakia . Since 2011 , he was a regular member of the Croatia under-19 and under-21 teams . In August 2012 , Kovačić received his first competitive call-up for the Croatian senior team match against Switzerland , but did not play because of injury . Subsequently , he received a call up for 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in March 2013 . He made his senior debut in a qualification match against Serbia on 22 March 2013",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": ", playing as a central midfielder alongside Luka Modrić , instead of a regular team starter , Ognjen Vukojević . Four days later , he played against Wales at Liberty Stadium , coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–2 win . His third match of the campaign came in June , when Croatia faced Scotland in Zagreb and suffered a frustrating defeat as they were unable to score despite a string of good chances . By the end of the qualifiers , Kovačić made two more competitive appearances for Croatia , as Croatia scraped into the FIFA World",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Cup play-offs having taken only one point from their last four qualifiers . Although he didnt participate in the scoreless first leg of the play-off against Iceland in Reykjavík , Kovačić started the second and decisive leg between the two national teams in Zagreb , making an assist for the teams second goal as they reached the 2014 FIFA World Cup finals 2–0 on aggregate .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "On 2 June 2014 , Kovačić was confirmed as a member of Croatias 2014 FIFA World Cup squad . He was in Croatias starting team for the opening game of the tournament , a 3–1 defeat to World Cup hosts Brazil at the Arena Corinthians , São Paulo , where he played for his team for 60 minutes before being substituted . He went to play all the remaining games in the group stage , as Croatia was eliminated in a group stage . On 7 June 2015 , he scored his first international goal in a 4–0 victory over",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Gibraltar , coming in his 20th appearance for the team .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " On 4 June 2018 , Kovačić was selected in Croatias 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 22 June , Kovačić provided an assist to his teammate Ivan Rakitić as he scored Croatias third goal in a 3–0 win over Argentina in their second group stage match of the tournament . Croatia was beaten 4–2 by France in the final on 15 July .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić appeared in Croatias Nations League matches against Spain away and England home , that ended up as 6–0 defeat and a goalless draw , respectively . He featured throughout Croatias successful Euro 2020 qualifying campaign , as they finished top of the group . In a 2–1 win over Wales in Osijek on 8 June 2019 , he scored what would have been a goal for 2–0 , however it was disallowed as Andrej Kramarić was in an offside position . In a return leg on 13 October , in the build-up to the Wales goal , Kovačić was",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "controversially injured by Ben Davies as the match ended up as a 1–1 draw .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " During 2020–21 Nations League , Kovačić was heavily criticized for his inefficiency in the national team , especially after making an error that led to Dejan Kuluševskis opening goal in Croatias crucial match against Sweden on 14 November 2020 , that eventually finished as a 2–1 defeat . However , three days later , he scored a brace in a 3–2 defeat to Portugal , which eventually saved Croatia from relegation to League B as they achieved better goal difference than Sweden .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": "Kovačić has been described as a great technician with excellent dribbling abilities . He is considered to be a versatile midfielder , having played in different midfield positions . He started off as an attacking midfielder at Dinamo Zagreb , but he transformed his game at Inter where he was deployed out wide and also as a central midfielder , functioning as a deep-lying playmaker , while being coached by Andrea Stramaccioni . One of his trademarks is dropping deep to receive the ball and then driving forward , often performing his slalom runs . Under the coach , Walter",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": "Mazzarri , he was often used in a more advanced position . Former manager Giovanni Trapattoni once claimed that Kovačić knows how to really reach the ball from deep and drive up the pitch like a raging bull . Proven by his pass completion percentages , Kovačić is known for distributing the ball up the pitch .",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"text": "The Croatia under-17 manager , Martin Novoselac , reportedly said of Kovačić , I havent seen a youngster with so much talent since the days of Robert Prosinečki , referring to his fast development and talent . Kovačić revealed that precisely Prosinečki is the player he admired the most while growing up . His compatriot , Zvonimir Boban , who played for Milan for over a decade , in an interview with Sky Italia in 2013 said , He has talents that could make him even better than me , he is an incredibly serious professional for someone his age",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": ". Kovačić is a complete player . He is not a born regista but he is playing there now . He is a complete talent that can still grow — he has incredible potential . Trapattoni described him as a mixture of Kaká and Clarence Seedorf , because of his style of play and technical characteristics . Long-time Inter captain Javier Zanetti stated that , with the exception of Ronaldo , who had arrived to Inter when he was 21 , Kovačić was the most promising youngster he had seen in his 19 years at the club .",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"text": " Kovačić was born in Linz , Austria , to Bosnian Croat parents Stipo and Ružica who had moved there from Zabrđe near Kotor Varoš , Bosnia and Herzegovina ahead of the Yugoslav Wars . He is a devout Roman Catholic and he attends church every Sunday . He speaks five languages : Croatian , German , English , Italian and Spanish . He named Luka Modrić his football idol .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "In 2017 , Kovačić married his longtime girlfriend Izabel Andrijanić . On 12 October 2020 , Andrijanić gave birth to their first child , a baby boy named Ivan .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Prva HNL : 2010–11 , 2011–12 , 2012–13 - Croatian Cup : 2010–11 , 2011–12",
"title": "Dinamo Zagreb"
},
{
"text": " - La Liga : 2016–17 - Supercopa de España : 2017 - UEFA Champions League : 2015–16 , 2016–17 , 2017–18 - UEFA Super Cup : 2016 , 2017 - FIFA Club World Cup : 2016 , 2017",
"title": "Real Madrid"
},
{
"text": " - UEFA Champions League : 2020–21 - UEFA Europa League : 2018–19 - FA Cup runner-up : 2019–20 - EFL Cup runner-up : 2018–19",
"title": "Chelsea"
},
{
"text": " - Croatian Football Hope of the Year : 2011 - Chelsea Player of the Year : 2019–20",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Profile at the Real Madrid CF website - Profile at the Chelsea C.F . website",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Daniel_Constantin_(politician)#P102#0
|
Which political party did Daniel Constantin (politician) belong to in Apr 2014?
|
Daniel Constantin ( politician ) Daniel Constantin ( ; born June 26 , 1978 , Pitești , Argeș County , Romania ) is a Romanian politician who is currently a member of the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) . He has been a Member of Parliament since 2012 , co-chairman of ALDE from 2015 to 2017 , and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Environment from January to April , 2017 . Education . Daniel Constantin graduated from the Faculty of Animal Husbandry ( in 2002 ) and made his Master at the Faculty of Management , Quality Management and Innovation ( in 2004 ) at the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest . Professional carrier . Among the professional activities are to be mentioned : - Between April 2009 and October 2009 he held the position of Director General of the Payments and Intervention Agency for Agriculture ; - Between 2007 and 2009 he was an independent evaluator of the World Bank in the MAKIS project ; - Between 2003 and 2006 he held the position of Coordinator of the Body of European Integration Advisers within the Ministry of Agriculture , Forests and Rural Development ; Between 1999 and 2003 he held several positions representing the Students of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest , among which are : - Between 2000 and 2002 he was the president of the League of Students from the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest ; - Between 2001 and 2002 he was a member of the National Council of Students under the Ministry of Education and Research . Political career . President and founding member of PRO Romania . In 2017 , Daniel Constantin founded together with former Prime Ministers Victor Ponta and Sorin Cimpeanu the Pro Romania Party . Until the first congress that took place in October 2018 , PRO Romania was led by Daniel Constantin as president . ALDE co-chairman . Through the merger of the Conservative Party and the PLR , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats Party was founded on 19 June 2015 , with Daniel Constantin as its founding member , who also had the position of co-chairman at that time . President of the PC . In 2006 , Daniel Constantin joined the Conservative Party ( PC ) , where he coordinated the work of the European Funds Department . In 2010 , following an extraordinary congress of the party , he was elected president of the PC , with the support of the partys founder , Dan Voiculescu . Thus , at that time , Daniel Constantin became the youngest party president in Romania . Minister of Agriculture . In 2012 , Daniel Constantin was appointed the Minister of Agriculture in the Victor Ponta cabinet . The agriculture portfolio and the appointment of Constantin to this post were announced by the Prime Minister Ponta before the presentation of the composition of the government , which showed that his position was established before the negotiations of the other portfolios . Daniel Constantin has a personal debt of almost 300,000 euros to Dan Voiculescu . The Ministry of Agriculture , under the leadership of Daniel Constantin , is in dispute with the Grivco group , controlled by Voiculescu , accusing him of a damage of 60 million euros , following the fraudulent privatization of the Food Research Institute ( ICA ) . Voiculescu was sued in December 2008 , in the case regarding the privatization of ICA , a state-owned company acquired by Voiculescu from the state after it was undervalued by over 60 million euros . Thus , Constantine is suspected of having been appointed minister only to remove them . Subsequently , by virtue of this debt , the National Agency for Fiscal Administration won in 2018 a lawsuit against Daniel Constantin in which the state must recover part of the damage from the ICA file from the payment of that debt . On 9 December 2012 , he won the became MP from Argeș County .
|
[
"Conservative Party"
] |
[
{
"text": " Daniel Constantin ( ; born June 26 , 1978 , Pitești , Argeș County , Romania ) is a Romanian politician who is currently a member of the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) . He has been a Member of Parliament since 2012 , co-chairman of ALDE from 2015 to 2017 , and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Environment from January to April , 2017 .",
"title": "Daniel Constantin ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " Daniel Constantin graduated from the Faculty of Animal Husbandry ( in 2002 ) and made his Master at the Faculty of Management , Quality Management and Innovation ( in 2004 ) at the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Among the professional activities are to be mentioned : - Between April 2009 and October 2009 he held the position of Director General of the Payments and Intervention Agency for Agriculture ; - Between 2007 and 2009 he was an independent evaluator of the World Bank in the MAKIS project ; - Between 2003 and 2006 he held the position of Coordinator of the Body of European Integration Advisers within the Ministry of Agriculture , Forests and Rural Development ;",
"title": "Professional carrier"
},
{
"text": "Between 1999 and 2003 he held several positions representing the Students of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest , among which are :",
"title": "Professional carrier"
},
{
"text": " - Between 2000 and 2002 he was the president of the League of Students from the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest ; - Between 2001 and 2002 he was a member of the National Council of Students under the Ministry of Education and Research .",
"title": "Professional carrier"
},
{
"text": " President and founding member of PRO Romania . In 2017 , Daniel Constantin founded together with former Prime Ministers Victor Ponta and Sorin Cimpeanu the Pro Romania Party . Until the first congress that took place in October 2018 , PRO Romania was led by Daniel Constantin as president .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Through the merger of the Conservative Party and the PLR , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats Party was founded on 19 June 2015 , with Daniel Constantin as its founding member , who also had the position of co-chairman at that time . President of the PC .",
"title": "ALDE co-chairman"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 , Daniel Constantin joined the Conservative Party ( PC ) , where he coordinated the work of the European Funds Department . In 2010 , following an extraordinary congress of the party , he was elected president of the PC , with the support of the partys founder , Dan Voiculescu . Thus , at that time , Daniel Constantin became the youngest party president in Romania .",
"title": "ALDE co-chairman"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 , Daniel Constantin was appointed the Minister of Agriculture in the Victor Ponta cabinet . The agriculture portfolio and the appointment of Constantin to this post were announced by the Prime Minister Ponta before the presentation of the composition of the government , which showed that his position was established before the negotiations of the other portfolios .",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
},
{
"text": "Daniel Constantin has a personal debt of almost 300,000 euros to Dan Voiculescu . The Ministry of Agriculture , under the leadership of Daniel Constantin , is in dispute with the Grivco group , controlled by Voiculescu , accusing him of a damage of 60 million euros , following the fraudulent privatization of the Food Research Institute ( ICA ) . Voiculescu was sued in December 2008 , in the case regarding the privatization of ICA , a state-owned company acquired by Voiculescu from the state after it was undervalued by over 60 million euros . Thus , Constantine is",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
},
{
"text": "suspected of having been appointed minister only to remove them . Subsequently , by virtue of this debt , the National Agency for Fiscal Administration won in 2018 a lawsuit against Daniel Constantin in which the state must recover part of the damage from the ICA file from the payment of that debt .",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
},
{
"text": " On 9 December 2012 , he won the became MP from Argeș County .",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
}
] |
/wiki/Daniel_Constantin_(politician)#P102#1
|
Which political party did Daniel Constantin (politician) belong to in Jan 2015?
|
Daniel Constantin ( politician ) Daniel Constantin ( ; born June 26 , 1978 , Pitești , Argeș County , Romania ) is a Romanian politician who is currently a member of the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) . He has been a Member of Parliament since 2012 , co-chairman of ALDE from 2015 to 2017 , and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Environment from January to April , 2017 . Education . Daniel Constantin graduated from the Faculty of Animal Husbandry ( in 2002 ) and made his Master at the Faculty of Management , Quality Management and Innovation ( in 2004 ) at the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest . Professional carrier . Among the professional activities are to be mentioned : - Between April 2009 and October 2009 he held the position of Director General of the Payments and Intervention Agency for Agriculture ; - Between 2007 and 2009 he was an independent evaluator of the World Bank in the MAKIS project ; - Between 2003 and 2006 he held the position of Coordinator of the Body of European Integration Advisers within the Ministry of Agriculture , Forests and Rural Development ; Between 1999 and 2003 he held several positions representing the Students of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest , among which are : - Between 2000 and 2002 he was the president of the League of Students from the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest ; - Between 2001 and 2002 he was a member of the National Council of Students under the Ministry of Education and Research . Political career . President and founding member of PRO Romania . In 2017 , Daniel Constantin founded together with former Prime Ministers Victor Ponta and Sorin Cimpeanu the Pro Romania Party . Until the first congress that took place in October 2018 , PRO Romania was led by Daniel Constantin as president . ALDE co-chairman . Through the merger of the Conservative Party and the PLR , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats Party was founded on 19 June 2015 , with Daniel Constantin as its founding member , who also had the position of co-chairman at that time . President of the PC . In 2006 , Daniel Constantin joined the Conservative Party ( PC ) , where he coordinated the work of the European Funds Department . In 2010 , following an extraordinary congress of the party , he was elected president of the PC , with the support of the partys founder , Dan Voiculescu . Thus , at that time , Daniel Constantin became the youngest party president in Romania . Minister of Agriculture . In 2012 , Daniel Constantin was appointed the Minister of Agriculture in the Victor Ponta cabinet . The agriculture portfolio and the appointment of Constantin to this post were announced by the Prime Minister Ponta before the presentation of the composition of the government , which showed that his position was established before the negotiations of the other portfolios . Daniel Constantin has a personal debt of almost 300,000 euros to Dan Voiculescu . The Ministry of Agriculture , under the leadership of Daniel Constantin , is in dispute with the Grivco group , controlled by Voiculescu , accusing him of a damage of 60 million euros , following the fraudulent privatization of the Food Research Institute ( ICA ) . Voiculescu was sued in December 2008 , in the case regarding the privatization of ICA , a state-owned company acquired by Voiculescu from the state after it was undervalued by over 60 million euros . Thus , Constantine is suspected of having been appointed minister only to remove them . Subsequently , by virtue of this debt , the National Agency for Fiscal Administration won in 2018 a lawsuit against Daniel Constantin in which the state must recover part of the damage from the ICA file from the payment of that debt . On 9 December 2012 , he won the became MP from Argeș County .
|
[
"ALDE"
] |
[
{
"text": " Daniel Constantin ( ; born June 26 , 1978 , Pitești , Argeș County , Romania ) is a Romanian politician who is currently a member of the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) . He has been a Member of Parliament since 2012 , co-chairman of ALDE from 2015 to 2017 , and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Environment from January to April , 2017 .",
"title": "Daniel Constantin ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " Daniel Constantin graduated from the Faculty of Animal Husbandry ( in 2002 ) and made his Master at the Faculty of Management , Quality Management and Innovation ( in 2004 ) at the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Among the professional activities are to be mentioned : - Between April 2009 and October 2009 he held the position of Director General of the Payments and Intervention Agency for Agriculture ; - Between 2007 and 2009 he was an independent evaluator of the World Bank in the MAKIS project ; - Between 2003 and 2006 he held the position of Coordinator of the Body of European Integration Advisers within the Ministry of Agriculture , Forests and Rural Development ;",
"title": "Professional carrier"
},
{
"text": "Between 1999 and 2003 he held several positions representing the Students of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest , among which are :",
"title": "Professional carrier"
},
{
"text": " - Between 2000 and 2002 he was the president of the League of Students from the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest ; - Between 2001 and 2002 he was a member of the National Council of Students under the Ministry of Education and Research .",
"title": "Professional carrier"
},
{
"text": " President and founding member of PRO Romania . In 2017 , Daniel Constantin founded together with former Prime Ministers Victor Ponta and Sorin Cimpeanu the Pro Romania Party . Until the first congress that took place in October 2018 , PRO Romania was led by Daniel Constantin as president .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Through the merger of the Conservative Party and the PLR , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats Party was founded on 19 June 2015 , with Daniel Constantin as its founding member , who also had the position of co-chairman at that time . President of the PC .",
"title": "ALDE co-chairman"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 , Daniel Constantin joined the Conservative Party ( PC ) , where he coordinated the work of the European Funds Department . In 2010 , following an extraordinary congress of the party , he was elected president of the PC , with the support of the partys founder , Dan Voiculescu . Thus , at that time , Daniel Constantin became the youngest party president in Romania .",
"title": "ALDE co-chairman"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 , Daniel Constantin was appointed the Minister of Agriculture in the Victor Ponta cabinet . The agriculture portfolio and the appointment of Constantin to this post were announced by the Prime Minister Ponta before the presentation of the composition of the government , which showed that his position was established before the negotiations of the other portfolios .",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
},
{
"text": "Daniel Constantin has a personal debt of almost 300,000 euros to Dan Voiculescu . The Ministry of Agriculture , under the leadership of Daniel Constantin , is in dispute with the Grivco group , controlled by Voiculescu , accusing him of a damage of 60 million euros , following the fraudulent privatization of the Food Research Institute ( ICA ) . Voiculescu was sued in December 2008 , in the case regarding the privatization of ICA , a state-owned company acquired by Voiculescu from the state after it was undervalued by over 60 million euros . Thus , Constantine is",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
},
{
"text": "suspected of having been appointed minister only to remove them . Subsequently , by virtue of this debt , the National Agency for Fiscal Administration won in 2018 a lawsuit against Daniel Constantin in which the state must recover part of the damage from the ICA file from the payment of that debt .",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
},
{
"text": " On 9 December 2012 , he won the became MP from Argeș County .",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
}
] |
/wiki/Daniel_Constantin_(politician)#P102#2
|
Which political party did Daniel Constantin (politician) belong to between Aug 2018 and Sep 2018?
|
Daniel Constantin ( politician ) Daniel Constantin ( ; born June 26 , 1978 , Pitești , Argeș County , Romania ) is a Romanian politician who is currently a member of the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) . He has been a Member of Parliament since 2012 , co-chairman of ALDE from 2015 to 2017 , and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Environment from January to April , 2017 . Education . Daniel Constantin graduated from the Faculty of Animal Husbandry ( in 2002 ) and made his Master at the Faculty of Management , Quality Management and Innovation ( in 2004 ) at the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest . Professional carrier . Among the professional activities are to be mentioned : - Between April 2009 and October 2009 he held the position of Director General of the Payments and Intervention Agency for Agriculture ; - Between 2007 and 2009 he was an independent evaluator of the World Bank in the MAKIS project ; - Between 2003 and 2006 he held the position of Coordinator of the Body of European Integration Advisers within the Ministry of Agriculture , Forests and Rural Development ; Between 1999 and 2003 he held several positions representing the Students of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest , among which are : - Between 2000 and 2002 he was the president of the League of Students from the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest ; - Between 2001 and 2002 he was a member of the National Council of Students under the Ministry of Education and Research . Political career . President and founding member of PRO Romania . In 2017 , Daniel Constantin founded together with former Prime Ministers Victor Ponta and Sorin Cimpeanu the Pro Romania Party . Until the first congress that took place in October 2018 , PRO Romania was led by Daniel Constantin as president . ALDE co-chairman . Through the merger of the Conservative Party and the PLR , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats Party was founded on 19 June 2015 , with Daniel Constantin as its founding member , who also had the position of co-chairman at that time . President of the PC . In 2006 , Daniel Constantin joined the Conservative Party ( PC ) , where he coordinated the work of the European Funds Department . In 2010 , following an extraordinary congress of the party , he was elected president of the PC , with the support of the partys founder , Dan Voiculescu . Thus , at that time , Daniel Constantin became the youngest party president in Romania . Minister of Agriculture . In 2012 , Daniel Constantin was appointed the Minister of Agriculture in the Victor Ponta cabinet . The agriculture portfolio and the appointment of Constantin to this post were announced by the Prime Minister Ponta before the presentation of the composition of the government , which showed that his position was established before the negotiations of the other portfolios . Daniel Constantin has a personal debt of almost 300,000 euros to Dan Voiculescu . The Ministry of Agriculture , under the leadership of Daniel Constantin , is in dispute with the Grivco group , controlled by Voiculescu , accusing him of a damage of 60 million euros , following the fraudulent privatization of the Food Research Institute ( ICA ) . Voiculescu was sued in December 2008 , in the case regarding the privatization of ICA , a state-owned company acquired by Voiculescu from the state after it was undervalued by over 60 million euros . Thus , Constantine is suspected of having been appointed minister only to remove them . Subsequently , by virtue of this debt , the National Agency for Fiscal Administration won in 2018 a lawsuit against Daniel Constantin in which the state must recover part of the damage from the ICA file from the payment of that debt . On 9 December 2012 , he won the became MP from Argeș County .
|
[
"PRO Romania"
] |
[
{
"text": " Daniel Constantin ( ; born June 26 , 1978 , Pitești , Argeș County , Romania ) is a Romanian politician who is currently a member of the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) . He has been a Member of Parliament since 2012 , co-chairman of ALDE from 2015 to 2017 , and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Environment from January to April , 2017 .",
"title": "Daniel Constantin ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " Daniel Constantin graduated from the Faculty of Animal Husbandry ( in 2002 ) and made his Master at the Faculty of Management , Quality Management and Innovation ( in 2004 ) at the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Among the professional activities are to be mentioned : - Between April 2009 and October 2009 he held the position of Director General of the Payments and Intervention Agency for Agriculture ; - Between 2007 and 2009 he was an independent evaluator of the World Bank in the MAKIS project ; - Between 2003 and 2006 he held the position of Coordinator of the Body of European Integration Advisers within the Ministry of Agriculture , Forests and Rural Development ;",
"title": "Professional carrier"
},
{
"text": "Between 1999 and 2003 he held several positions representing the Students of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest , among which are :",
"title": "Professional carrier"
},
{
"text": " - Between 2000 and 2002 he was the president of the League of Students from the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest ; - Between 2001 and 2002 he was a member of the National Council of Students under the Ministry of Education and Research .",
"title": "Professional carrier"
},
{
"text": " President and founding member of PRO Romania . In 2017 , Daniel Constantin founded together with former Prime Ministers Victor Ponta and Sorin Cimpeanu the Pro Romania Party . Until the first congress that took place in October 2018 , PRO Romania was led by Daniel Constantin as president .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Through the merger of the Conservative Party and the PLR , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats Party was founded on 19 June 2015 , with Daniel Constantin as its founding member , who also had the position of co-chairman at that time . President of the PC .",
"title": "ALDE co-chairman"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 , Daniel Constantin joined the Conservative Party ( PC ) , where he coordinated the work of the European Funds Department . In 2010 , following an extraordinary congress of the party , he was elected president of the PC , with the support of the partys founder , Dan Voiculescu . Thus , at that time , Daniel Constantin became the youngest party president in Romania .",
"title": "ALDE co-chairman"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 , Daniel Constantin was appointed the Minister of Agriculture in the Victor Ponta cabinet . The agriculture portfolio and the appointment of Constantin to this post were announced by the Prime Minister Ponta before the presentation of the composition of the government , which showed that his position was established before the negotiations of the other portfolios .",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
},
{
"text": "Daniel Constantin has a personal debt of almost 300,000 euros to Dan Voiculescu . The Ministry of Agriculture , under the leadership of Daniel Constantin , is in dispute with the Grivco group , controlled by Voiculescu , accusing him of a damage of 60 million euros , following the fraudulent privatization of the Food Research Institute ( ICA ) . Voiculescu was sued in December 2008 , in the case regarding the privatization of ICA , a state-owned company acquired by Voiculescu from the state after it was undervalued by over 60 million euros . Thus , Constantine is",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
},
{
"text": "suspected of having been appointed minister only to remove them . Subsequently , by virtue of this debt , the National Agency for Fiscal Administration won in 2018 a lawsuit against Daniel Constantin in which the state must recover part of the damage from the ICA file from the payment of that debt .",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
},
{
"text": " On 9 December 2012 , he won the became MP from Argeș County .",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
}
] |
/wiki/Daniel_Constantin_(politician)#P102#3
|
Which political party did Daniel Constantin (politician) belong to after Aug 2020?
|
Daniel Constantin ( politician ) Daniel Constantin ( ; born June 26 , 1978 , Pitești , Argeș County , Romania ) is a Romanian politician who is currently a member of the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) . He has been a Member of Parliament since 2012 , co-chairman of ALDE from 2015 to 2017 , and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Environment from January to April , 2017 . Education . Daniel Constantin graduated from the Faculty of Animal Husbandry ( in 2002 ) and made his Master at the Faculty of Management , Quality Management and Innovation ( in 2004 ) at the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest . Professional carrier . Among the professional activities are to be mentioned : - Between April 2009 and October 2009 he held the position of Director General of the Payments and Intervention Agency for Agriculture ; - Between 2007 and 2009 he was an independent evaluator of the World Bank in the MAKIS project ; - Between 2003 and 2006 he held the position of Coordinator of the Body of European Integration Advisers within the Ministry of Agriculture , Forests and Rural Development ; Between 1999 and 2003 he held several positions representing the Students of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest , among which are : - Between 2000 and 2002 he was the president of the League of Students from the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest ; - Between 2001 and 2002 he was a member of the National Council of Students under the Ministry of Education and Research . Political career . President and founding member of PRO Romania . In 2017 , Daniel Constantin founded together with former Prime Ministers Victor Ponta and Sorin Cimpeanu the Pro Romania Party . Until the first congress that took place in October 2018 , PRO Romania was led by Daniel Constantin as president . ALDE co-chairman . Through the merger of the Conservative Party and the PLR , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats Party was founded on 19 June 2015 , with Daniel Constantin as its founding member , who also had the position of co-chairman at that time . President of the PC . In 2006 , Daniel Constantin joined the Conservative Party ( PC ) , where he coordinated the work of the European Funds Department . In 2010 , following an extraordinary congress of the party , he was elected president of the PC , with the support of the partys founder , Dan Voiculescu . Thus , at that time , Daniel Constantin became the youngest party president in Romania . Minister of Agriculture . In 2012 , Daniel Constantin was appointed the Minister of Agriculture in the Victor Ponta cabinet . The agriculture portfolio and the appointment of Constantin to this post were announced by the Prime Minister Ponta before the presentation of the composition of the government , which showed that his position was established before the negotiations of the other portfolios . Daniel Constantin has a personal debt of almost 300,000 euros to Dan Voiculescu . The Ministry of Agriculture , under the leadership of Daniel Constantin , is in dispute with the Grivco group , controlled by Voiculescu , accusing him of a damage of 60 million euros , following the fraudulent privatization of the Food Research Institute ( ICA ) . Voiculescu was sued in December 2008 , in the case regarding the privatization of ICA , a state-owned company acquired by Voiculescu from the state after it was undervalued by over 60 million euros . Thus , Constantine is suspected of having been appointed minister only to remove them . Subsequently , by virtue of this debt , the National Agency for Fiscal Administration won in 2018 a lawsuit against Daniel Constantin in which the state must recover part of the damage from the ICA file from the payment of that debt . On 9 December 2012 , he won the became MP from Argeș County .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Daniel Constantin ( ; born June 26 , 1978 , Pitești , Argeș County , Romania ) is a Romanian politician who is currently a member of the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) . He has been a Member of Parliament since 2012 , co-chairman of ALDE from 2015 to 2017 , and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Environment from January to April , 2017 .",
"title": "Daniel Constantin ( politician )"
},
{
"text": " Daniel Constantin graduated from the Faculty of Animal Husbandry ( in 2002 ) and made his Master at the Faculty of Management , Quality Management and Innovation ( in 2004 ) at the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Among the professional activities are to be mentioned : - Between April 2009 and October 2009 he held the position of Director General of the Payments and Intervention Agency for Agriculture ; - Between 2007 and 2009 he was an independent evaluator of the World Bank in the MAKIS project ; - Between 2003 and 2006 he held the position of Coordinator of the Body of European Integration Advisers within the Ministry of Agriculture , Forests and Rural Development ;",
"title": "Professional carrier"
},
{
"text": "Between 1999 and 2003 he held several positions representing the Students of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest , among which are :",
"title": "Professional carrier"
},
{
"text": " - Between 2000 and 2002 he was the president of the League of Students from the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest ; - Between 2001 and 2002 he was a member of the National Council of Students under the Ministry of Education and Research .",
"title": "Professional carrier"
},
{
"text": " President and founding member of PRO Romania . In 2017 , Daniel Constantin founded together with former Prime Ministers Victor Ponta and Sorin Cimpeanu the Pro Romania Party . Until the first congress that took place in October 2018 , PRO Romania was led by Daniel Constantin as president .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Through the merger of the Conservative Party and the PLR , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats Party was founded on 19 June 2015 , with Daniel Constantin as its founding member , who also had the position of co-chairman at that time . President of the PC .",
"title": "ALDE co-chairman"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 , Daniel Constantin joined the Conservative Party ( PC ) , where he coordinated the work of the European Funds Department . In 2010 , following an extraordinary congress of the party , he was elected president of the PC , with the support of the partys founder , Dan Voiculescu . Thus , at that time , Daniel Constantin became the youngest party president in Romania .",
"title": "ALDE co-chairman"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 , Daniel Constantin was appointed the Minister of Agriculture in the Victor Ponta cabinet . The agriculture portfolio and the appointment of Constantin to this post were announced by the Prime Minister Ponta before the presentation of the composition of the government , which showed that his position was established before the negotiations of the other portfolios .",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
},
{
"text": "Daniel Constantin has a personal debt of almost 300,000 euros to Dan Voiculescu . The Ministry of Agriculture , under the leadership of Daniel Constantin , is in dispute with the Grivco group , controlled by Voiculescu , accusing him of a damage of 60 million euros , following the fraudulent privatization of the Food Research Institute ( ICA ) . Voiculescu was sued in December 2008 , in the case regarding the privatization of ICA , a state-owned company acquired by Voiculescu from the state after it was undervalued by over 60 million euros . Thus , Constantine is",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
},
{
"text": "suspected of having been appointed minister only to remove them . Subsequently , by virtue of this debt , the National Agency for Fiscal Administration won in 2018 a lawsuit against Daniel Constantin in which the state must recover part of the damage from the ICA file from the payment of that debt .",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
},
{
"text": " On 9 December 2012 , he won the became MP from Argeș County .",
"title": "Minister of Agriculture"
}
] |
/wiki/Jean_Floud#P108#0
|
Who did Jean Floud work for between Aug 1949 and Oct 1959?
|
Jean Floud Jean Esther Floud ( née McDonald ; 3 November 1915 – 28 March 2013 ) was a prominent educational sociologist and later an academic . She was Principal of Newnham College , Cambridge , from 1972 to 1983 . Early life . She was born Jean Esther McDonald to working-class parents and went to primary and secondary schools in her home town of Westcliff-on-Sea , Essex . In 1927 , the family moved to Stoke Newington , north London where she won a free place at North Hackney Central School for Girls , a grammar school . She studied sociology at London School of Economics ( LSE ) under David Glass , TH Marshall , Morris Ginsberg and Karl Mannheim . She graduated from LSE as a Hobhouse Memorial Prize winner in 1936 . Academic work . Floud worked as the assistant director of education in Oxford ( 1940–46 ) , then returned to LSE and taught there and at the Institute of Education ( 1947‑62 ) . With A . H . Halsey and F . M . Martin , she co-authored Social Class and Educational Opportunity ( 1956 ) . Her next book was Education , Economy , and Society : A Reader in the Sociology of Education ( 1961 ) , co-authored with Halsey and . Social Class and Educational Opportunity gave evidence that the 11-plus exam for grammar school entrance was unfair for working-class children . Floud wrote that within wide limits , the educability of children is determined by the subtle interaction of the social influences of home and school . Their findings started a long debate on the value and fairness of the 11-plus exam . Academic posts . In 1962 Floud was appointed as the second female Fellow of Nuffield College , Oxford ( 1962–72 ) . She was made an Honorary Fellow at Nuffield in 1983 . Floud was a member of the committee who produced the Franks Report ( 1957 ) which proposed reforms to ensure a more efficient administration of Oxford University . Her membership of this led , in 1972 , to an invitation to become Principal of Newnham College , Cambridge . Following her retirement as Principal of Newnham College in 1983 she was elected into an Honorary Fellowship of the college . She was made an Honorary Fellow of Darwin College , Cambridge in 1986 and also received honorary degrees from the universities of Leeds ( 1973 ) , City ( 1978 ) and London ( 2003 ) . Honours . Floud was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1976 New Year Honours . She turned down the offer of a life peerage from James Callaghans Labour government . Publications . - Social Class and Educational Opportunity ( 1956 ) , co-authored with A . H . Halsey and F . M . Martin - Education , Economy , and Society : A Reader in the Sociology of Education ( 1961 ) , co-authored with A . H . Halsey and C Arnold Anderson - The Sociology of Education : A Trend Report and Bibliography ( 1965 ) - Dangerousness and Criminal Justice ( Heinemann , 1981 ) , co-authored with Warren A . Young Personal life . Jean Esther McDonald was born in Westcliff-on-Sea , Essex . Her father was a cobbler and shoe salesman . Her mother was a shop assistant who suffered from frequent ill-health . While at LSE she met Peter Floud , an Oxford graduate . The couple joined the Communist Party and married in 1938 . They had three children : Andrew ( 1948-1982 ) ; Frances ( b . 1952 ) ; and Esther ( b . 1956 ) . Peter died of a brain tumour in 1960 ; their son Andrew died in a plane crash in 1982 . After Newnham in 1983 , Floud retired to Oxford where she died on 28 March 2013 . During her retirement she travelled and continued to serve on university committees . She also spent time with her friends , her books , her music , and with the families of her two surviving children Frances and Esther .
|
[
"Institute of Education"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jean Esther Floud ( née McDonald ; 3 November 1915 – 28 March 2013 ) was a prominent educational sociologist and later an academic . She was Principal of Newnham College , Cambridge , from 1972 to 1983 .",
"title": "Jean Floud"
},
{
"text": " She was born Jean Esther McDonald to working-class parents and went to primary and secondary schools in her home town of Westcliff-on-Sea , Essex . In 1927 , the family moved to Stoke Newington , north London where she won a free place at North Hackney Central School for Girls , a grammar school . She studied sociology at London School of Economics ( LSE ) under David Glass , TH Marshall , Morris Ginsberg and Karl Mannheim . She graduated from LSE as a Hobhouse Memorial Prize winner in 1936 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Floud worked as the assistant director of education in Oxford ( 1940–46 ) , then returned to LSE and taught there and at the Institute of Education ( 1947‑62 ) . With A . H . Halsey and F . M . Martin , she co-authored Social Class and Educational Opportunity ( 1956 ) . Her next book was Education , Economy , and Society : A Reader in the Sociology of Education ( 1961 ) , co-authored with Halsey and .",
"title": "Academic work"
},
{
"text": "Social Class and Educational Opportunity gave evidence that the 11-plus exam for grammar school entrance was unfair for working-class children . Floud wrote that within wide limits , the educability of children is determined by the subtle interaction of the social influences of home and school . Their findings started a long debate on the value and fairness of the 11-plus exam .",
"title": "Academic work"
},
{
"text": " In 1962 Floud was appointed as the second female Fellow of Nuffield College , Oxford ( 1962–72 ) . She was made an Honorary Fellow at Nuffield in 1983 . Floud was a member of the committee who produced the Franks Report ( 1957 ) which proposed reforms to ensure a more efficient administration of Oxford University . Her membership of this led , in 1972 , to an invitation to become Principal of Newnham College , Cambridge .",
"title": "Academic posts"
},
{
"text": "Following her retirement as Principal of Newnham College in 1983 she was elected into an Honorary Fellowship of the college . She was made an Honorary Fellow of Darwin College , Cambridge in 1986 and also received honorary degrees from the universities of Leeds ( 1973 ) , City ( 1978 ) and London ( 2003 ) .",
"title": "Academic posts"
},
{
"text": " Floud was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1976 New Year Honours . She turned down the offer of a life peerage from James Callaghans Labour government .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Social Class and Educational Opportunity ( 1956 ) , co-authored with A . H . Halsey and F . M . Martin - Education , Economy , and Society : A Reader in the Sociology of Education ( 1961 ) , co-authored with A . H . Halsey and C Arnold Anderson - The Sociology of Education : A Trend Report and Bibliography ( 1965 ) - Dangerousness and Criminal Justice ( Heinemann , 1981 ) , co-authored with Warren A . Young",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " Jean Esther McDonald was born in Westcliff-on-Sea , Essex . Her father was a cobbler and shoe salesman . Her mother was a shop assistant who suffered from frequent ill-health . While at LSE she met Peter Floud , an Oxford graduate . The couple joined the Communist Party and married in 1938 . They had three children : Andrew ( 1948-1982 ) ; Frances ( b . 1952 ) ; and Esther ( b . 1956 ) . Peter died of a brain tumour in 1960 ; their son Andrew died in a plane crash in 1982 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "After Newnham in 1983 , Floud retired to Oxford where she died on 28 March 2013 . During her retirement she travelled and continued to serve on university committees . She also spent time with her friends , her books , her music , and with the families of her two surviving children Frances and Esther .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Jean_Floud#P108#1
|
Who did Jean Floud work for between Aug 1967 and Jan 1969?
|
Jean Floud Jean Esther Floud ( née McDonald ; 3 November 1915 – 28 March 2013 ) was a prominent educational sociologist and later an academic . She was Principal of Newnham College , Cambridge , from 1972 to 1983 . Early life . She was born Jean Esther McDonald to working-class parents and went to primary and secondary schools in her home town of Westcliff-on-Sea , Essex . In 1927 , the family moved to Stoke Newington , north London where she won a free place at North Hackney Central School for Girls , a grammar school . She studied sociology at London School of Economics ( LSE ) under David Glass , TH Marshall , Morris Ginsberg and Karl Mannheim . She graduated from LSE as a Hobhouse Memorial Prize winner in 1936 . Academic work . Floud worked as the assistant director of education in Oxford ( 1940–46 ) , then returned to LSE and taught there and at the Institute of Education ( 1947‑62 ) . With A . H . Halsey and F . M . Martin , she co-authored Social Class and Educational Opportunity ( 1956 ) . Her next book was Education , Economy , and Society : A Reader in the Sociology of Education ( 1961 ) , co-authored with Halsey and . Social Class and Educational Opportunity gave evidence that the 11-plus exam for grammar school entrance was unfair for working-class children . Floud wrote that within wide limits , the educability of children is determined by the subtle interaction of the social influences of home and school . Their findings started a long debate on the value and fairness of the 11-plus exam . Academic posts . In 1962 Floud was appointed as the second female Fellow of Nuffield College , Oxford ( 1962–72 ) . She was made an Honorary Fellow at Nuffield in 1983 . Floud was a member of the committee who produced the Franks Report ( 1957 ) which proposed reforms to ensure a more efficient administration of Oxford University . Her membership of this led , in 1972 , to an invitation to become Principal of Newnham College , Cambridge . Following her retirement as Principal of Newnham College in 1983 she was elected into an Honorary Fellowship of the college . She was made an Honorary Fellow of Darwin College , Cambridge in 1986 and also received honorary degrees from the universities of Leeds ( 1973 ) , City ( 1978 ) and London ( 2003 ) . Honours . Floud was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1976 New Year Honours . She turned down the offer of a life peerage from James Callaghans Labour government . Publications . - Social Class and Educational Opportunity ( 1956 ) , co-authored with A . H . Halsey and F . M . Martin - Education , Economy , and Society : A Reader in the Sociology of Education ( 1961 ) , co-authored with A . H . Halsey and C Arnold Anderson - The Sociology of Education : A Trend Report and Bibliography ( 1965 ) - Dangerousness and Criminal Justice ( Heinemann , 1981 ) , co-authored with Warren A . Young Personal life . Jean Esther McDonald was born in Westcliff-on-Sea , Essex . Her father was a cobbler and shoe salesman . Her mother was a shop assistant who suffered from frequent ill-health . While at LSE she met Peter Floud , an Oxford graduate . The couple joined the Communist Party and married in 1938 . They had three children : Andrew ( 1948-1982 ) ; Frances ( b . 1952 ) ; and Esther ( b . 1956 ) . Peter died of a brain tumour in 1960 ; their son Andrew died in a plane crash in 1982 . After Newnham in 1983 , Floud retired to Oxford where she died on 28 March 2013 . During her retirement she travelled and continued to serve on university committees . She also spent time with her friends , her books , her music , and with the families of her two surviving children Frances and Esther .
|
[
"Nuffield College"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jean Esther Floud ( née McDonald ; 3 November 1915 – 28 March 2013 ) was a prominent educational sociologist and later an academic . She was Principal of Newnham College , Cambridge , from 1972 to 1983 .",
"title": "Jean Floud"
},
{
"text": " She was born Jean Esther McDonald to working-class parents and went to primary and secondary schools in her home town of Westcliff-on-Sea , Essex . In 1927 , the family moved to Stoke Newington , north London where she won a free place at North Hackney Central School for Girls , a grammar school . She studied sociology at London School of Economics ( LSE ) under David Glass , TH Marshall , Morris Ginsberg and Karl Mannheim . She graduated from LSE as a Hobhouse Memorial Prize winner in 1936 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Floud worked as the assistant director of education in Oxford ( 1940–46 ) , then returned to LSE and taught there and at the Institute of Education ( 1947‑62 ) . With A . H . Halsey and F . M . Martin , she co-authored Social Class and Educational Opportunity ( 1956 ) . Her next book was Education , Economy , and Society : A Reader in the Sociology of Education ( 1961 ) , co-authored with Halsey and .",
"title": "Academic work"
},
{
"text": "Social Class and Educational Opportunity gave evidence that the 11-plus exam for grammar school entrance was unfair for working-class children . Floud wrote that within wide limits , the educability of children is determined by the subtle interaction of the social influences of home and school . Their findings started a long debate on the value and fairness of the 11-plus exam .",
"title": "Academic work"
},
{
"text": " In 1962 Floud was appointed as the second female Fellow of Nuffield College , Oxford ( 1962–72 ) . She was made an Honorary Fellow at Nuffield in 1983 . Floud was a member of the committee who produced the Franks Report ( 1957 ) which proposed reforms to ensure a more efficient administration of Oxford University . Her membership of this led , in 1972 , to an invitation to become Principal of Newnham College , Cambridge .",
"title": "Academic posts"
},
{
"text": "Following her retirement as Principal of Newnham College in 1983 she was elected into an Honorary Fellowship of the college . She was made an Honorary Fellow of Darwin College , Cambridge in 1986 and also received honorary degrees from the universities of Leeds ( 1973 ) , City ( 1978 ) and London ( 2003 ) .",
"title": "Academic posts"
},
{
"text": " Floud was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1976 New Year Honours . She turned down the offer of a life peerage from James Callaghans Labour government .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Social Class and Educational Opportunity ( 1956 ) , co-authored with A . H . Halsey and F . M . Martin - Education , Economy , and Society : A Reader in the Sociology of Education ( 1961 ) , co-authored with A . H . Halsey and C Arnold Anderson - The Sociology of Education : A Trend Report and Bibliography ( 1965 ) - Dangerousness and Criminal Justice ( Heinemann , 1981 ) , co-authored with Warren A . Young",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " Jean Esther McDonald was born in Westcliff-on-Sea , Essex . Her father was a cobbler and shoe salesman . Her mother was a shop assistant who suffered from frequent ill-health . While at LSE she met Peter Floud , an Oxford graduate . The couple joined the Communist Party and married in 1938 . They had three children : Andrew ( 1948-1982 ) ; Frances ( b . 1952 ) ; and Esther ( b . 1956 ) . Peter died of a brain tumour in 1960 ; their son Andrew died in a plane crash in 1982 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "After Newnham in 1983 , Floud retired to Oxford where she died on 28 March 2013 . During her retirement she travelled and continued to serve on university committees . She also spent time with her friends , her books , her music , and with the families of her two surviving children Frances and Esther .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Jean_Floud#P108#2
|
Who did Jean Floud work for between Apr 1978 and May 1982?
|
Jean Floud Jean Esther Floud ( née McDonald ; 3 November 1915 – 28 March 2013 ) was a prominent educational sociologist and later an academic . She was Principal of Newnham College , Cambridge , from 1972 to 1983 . Early life . She was born Jean Esther McDonald to working-class parents and went to primary and secondary schools in her home town of Westcliff-on-Sea , Essex . In 1927 , the family moved to Stoke Newington , north London where she won a free place at North Hackney Central School for Girls , a grammar school . She studied sociology at London School of Economics ( LSE ) under David Glass , TH Marshall , Morris Ginsberg and Karl Mannheim . She graduated from LSE as a Hobhouse Memorial Prize winner in 1936 . Academic work . Floud worked as the assistant director of education in Oxford ( 1940–46 ) , then returned to LSE and taught there and at the Institute of Education ( 1947‑62 ) . With A . H . Halsey and F . M . Martin , she co-authored Social Class and Educational Opportunity ( 1956 ) . Her next book was Education , Economy , and Society : A Reader in the Sociology of Education ( 1961 ) , co-authored with Halsey and . Social Class and Educational Opportunity gave evidence that the 11-plus exam for grammar school entrance was unfair for working-class children . Floud wrote that within wide limits , the educability of children is determined by the subtle interaction of the social influences of home and school . Their findings started a long debate on the value and fairness of the 11-plus exam . Academic posts . In 1962 Floud was appointed as the second female Fellow of Nuffield College , Oxford ( 1962–72 ) . She was made an Honorary Fellow at Nuffield in 1983 . Floud was a member of the committee who produced the Franks Report ( 1957 ) which proposed reforms to ensure a more efficient administration of Oxford University . Her membership of this led , in 1972 , to an invitation to become Principal of Newnham College , Cambridge . Following her retirement as Principal of Newnham College in 1983 she was elected into an Honorary Fellowship of the college . She was made an Honorary Fellow of Darwin College , Cambridge in 1986 and also received honorary degrees from the universities of Leeds ( 1973 ) , City ( 1978 ) and London ( 2003 ) . Honours . Floud was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1976 New Year Honours . She turned down the offer of a life peerage from James Callaghans Labour government . Publications . - Social Class and Educational Opportunity ( 1956 ) , co-authored with A . H . Halsey and F . M . Martin - Education , Economy , and Society : A Reader in the Sociology of Education ( 1961 ) , co-authored with A . H . Halsey and C Arnold Anderson - The Sociology of Education : A Trend Report and Bibliography ( 1965 ) - Dangerousness and Criminal Justice ( Heinemann , 1981 ) , co-authored with Warren A . Young Personal life . Jean Esther McDonald was born in Westcliff-on-Sea , Essex . Her father was a cobbler and shoe salesman . Her mother was a shop assistant who suffered from frequent ill-health . While at LSE she met Peter Floud , an Oxford graduate . The couple joined the Communist Party and married in 1938 . They had three children : Andrew ( 1948-1982 ) ; Frances ( b . 1952 ) ; and Esther ( b . 1956 ) . Peter died of a brain tumour in 1960 ; their son Andrew died in a plane crash in 1982 . After Newnham in 1983 , Floud retired to Oxford where she died on 28 March 2013 . During her retirement she travelled and continued to serve on university committees . She also spent time with her friends , her books , her music , and with the families of her two surviving children Frances and Esther .
|
[
"Newnham College"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jean Esther Floud ( née McDonald ; 3 November 1915 – 28 March 2013 ) was a prominent educational sociologist and later an academic . She was Principal of Newnham College , Cambridge , from 1972 to 1983 .",
"title": "Jean Floud"
},
{
"text": " She was born Jean Esther McDonald to working-class parents and went to primary and secondary schools in her home town of Westcliff-on-Sea , Essex . In 1927 , the family moved to Stoke Newington , north London where she won a free place at North Hackney Central School for Girls , a grammar school . She studied sociology at London School of Economics ( LSE ) under David Glass , TH Marshall , Morris Ginsberg and Karl Mannheim . She graduated from LSE as a Hobhouse Memorial Prize winner in 1936 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Floud worked as the assistant director of education in Oxford ( 1940–46 ) , then returned to LSE and taught there and at the Institute of Education ( 1947‑62 ) . With A . H . Halsey and F . M . Martin , she co-authored Social Class and Educational Opportunity ( 1956 ) . Her next book was Education , Economy , and Society : A Reader in the Sociology of Education ( 1961 ) , co-authored with Halsey and .",
"title": "Academic work"
},
{
"text": "Social Class and Educational Opportunity gave evidence that the 11-plus exam for grammar school entrance was unfair for working-class children . Floud wrote that within wide limits , the educability of children is determined by the subtle interaction of the social influences of home and school . Their findings started a long debate on the value and fairness of the 11-plus exam .",
"title": "Academic work"
},
{
"text": " In 1962 Floud was appointed as the second female Fellow of Nuffield College , Oxford ( 1962–72 ) . She was made an Honorary Fellow at Nuffield in 1983 . Floud was a member of the committee who produced the Franks Report ( 1957 ) which proposed reforms to ensure a more efficient administration of Oxford University . Her membership of this led , in 1972 , to an invitation to become Principal of Newnham College , Cambridge .",
"title": "Academic posts"
},
{
"text": "Following her retirement as Principal of Newnham College in 1983 she was elected into an Honorary Fellowship of the college . She was made an Honorary Fellow of Darwin College , Cambridge in 1986 and also received honorary degrees from the universities of Leeds ( 1973 ) , City ( 1978 ) and London ( 2003 ) .",
"title": "Academic posts"
},
{
"text": " Floud was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1976 New Year Honours . She turned down the offer of a life peerage from James Callaghans Labour government .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Social Class and Educational Opportunity ( 1956 ) , co-authored with A . H . Halsey and F . M . Martin - Education , Economy , and Society : A Reader in the Sociology of Education ( 1961 ) , co-authored with A . H . Halsey and C Arnold Anderson - The Sociology of Education : A Trend Report and Bibliography ( 1965 ) - Dangerousness and Criminal Justice ( Heinemann , 1981 ) , co-authored with Warren A . Young",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"text": " Jean Esther McDonald was born in Westcliff-on-Sea , Essex . Her father was a cobbler and shoe salesman . Her mother was a shop assistant who suffered from frequent ill-health . While at LSE she met Peter Floud , an Oxford graduate . The couple joined the Communist Party and married in 1938 . They had three children : Andrew ( 1948-1982 ) ; Frances ( b . 1952 ) ; and Esther ( b . 1956 ) . Peter died of a brain tumour in 1960 ; their son Andrew died in a plane crash in 1982 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "After Newnham in 1983 , Floud retired to Oxford where she died on 28 March 2013 . During her retirement she travelled and continued to serve on university committees . She also spent time with her friends , her books , her music , and with the families of her two surviving children Frances and Esther .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Bryan_Prunty#P54#0
|
Bryan Prunty played for which team in Oct 2002?
|
Bryan Prunty Bryan Prunty ( born 12 January 1983 ) is a retired Scottish footballer who is currently on the backroom staff at Scottish League One club Airdrieonians . Career . Club . Prunty began his career with Celtic , but he failed to make a senior appearance . In January 2004 , he moved to fellow Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen , making his senior debut in a Scottish Cup replay victory against Dundee on 21 January 2004 . His first senior goal came on 27 March 2004 in a 3–1 defeat against Kilmarnock . At the end of the 2003–04 season , Prunty was told by manager Jimmy Calderwood that he could leave the club . On 6 August 2004 , Prunty signed for Inverness Caledonian Thistle . A year later he joined Airdrie United where he was recognised as the clubs 2005–06 Player of the Year . Prunty then signed for Airdries Second Division rivals Ayr United in May 2008 . In May 2009 , he was recognised by his fellow professionals as 2nd Division player of the year for 2008–2009 . Prunty spent part of the 2009–10 season on loan at Stirling Albion . It was widely believed Prunty would sign permanently for Stirling in January 2010 , but instead he was snapped up by Alloa Athletic . Prunty scored on his Alloa debut in a 2–0 win over Stenhousemuir . On 16 May 2011 , Prunty then joined Dumbarton . In February 2012 , he scored an overhead kick against Stenhousemuir which was voted as SFL Goal of the Month , then a year later won the same award after scoring a stunning overhead bicycle kick from the edge of the box in a match against Livingston in February 2013 , which was reported to have been viewed so many times it caused the Livingston club website to crash . The goal was also voted Goal of the Season at both the PFA Scotland and Scottish Football League end of season awards . On 16 May 2013 , Prunty agreed a new one-year contract with Dumbarton . In May 2014 Prunty agreed a new one-year deal with Dumbarton . Despite only signing a new deal in May 2014 , Prunty joined Scottish League One Airdrieonians on August 30 , 2014 . He left the club in May 2016 after it was announced Airdrie would be operating full-time from June 2016 , signing for Scottish League Two side Arbroath shortly after . After 18 months with the Red Lichties , Prunty signed for Lowland League side East Kilbride in January 2018 . After five months with EK , he joined fellow Lowland League side BSC Glasgow in June 2018 . He only spent a short period with BSC before joining Scottish Junior Football Association side Cumbernauld United . Coaching career . Prunty left Cumbernauld United in November 2018 to join the coaching staff at Airdrieonians , working alongside former manager Ian Murray . International . Prunty played and scored for the Scotland Under-20 side in 2003 against Portugal . He also played three times for the Under-21 side in 2004 . Honours . - SFL Player of the Month : December 2005 , November 2008 - PFA Scotland Second Division Player of the Season : 2008–09 - SFL Goal of the season : 2012–13 - PFA Scotland Goal of the Season : 2012–13 Arbroath - Scottish League Two ( fourth tier ) : Winners 2016–17
|
[
"Celtic"
] |
[
{
"text": " Bryan Prunty ( born 12 January 1983 ) is a retired Scottish footballer who is currently on the backroom staff at Scottish League One club Airdrieonians .",
"title": "Bryan Prunty"
},
{
"text": " Prunty began his career with Celtic , but he failed to make a senior appearance . In January 2004 , he moved to fellow Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen , making his senior debut in a Scottish Cup replay victory against Dundee on 21 January 2004 . His first senior goal came on 27 March 2004 in a 3–1 defeat against Kilmarnock . At the end of the 2003–04 season , Prunty was told by manager Jimmy Calderwood that he could leave the club .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "On 6 August 2004 , Prunty signed for Inverness Caledonian Thistle . A year later he joined Airdrie United where he was recognised as the clubs 2005–06 Player of the Year . Prunty then signed for Airdries Second Division rivals Ayr United in May 2008 . In May 2009 , he was recognised by his fellow professionals as 2nd Division player of the year for 2008–2009 .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " Prunty spent part of the 2009–10 season on loan at Stirling Albion . It was widely believed Prunty would sign permanently for Stirling in January 2010 , but instead he was snapped up by Alloa Athletic . Prunty scored on his Alloa debut in a 2–0 win over Stenhousemuir .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "On 16 May 2011 , Prunty then joined Dumbarton . In February 2012 , he scored an overhead kick against Stenhousemuir which was voted as SFL Goal of the Month , then a year later won the same award after scoring a stunning overhead bicycle kick from the edge of the box in a match against Livingston in February 2013 , which was reported to have been viewed so many times it caused the Livingston club website to crash . The goal was also voted Goal of the Season at both the PFA Scotland and Scottish Football League end of",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "season awards . On 16 May 2013 , Prunty agreed a new one-year contract with Dumbarton . In May 2014 Prunty agreed a new one-year deal with Dumbarton .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "Despite only signing a new deal in May 2014 , Prunty joined Scottish League One Airdrieonians on August 30 , 2014 . He left the club in May 2016 after it was announced Airdrie would be operating full-time from June 2016 , signing for Scottish League Two side Arbroath shortly after . After 18 months with the Red Lichties , Prunty signed for Lowland League side East Kilbride in January 2018 . After five months with EK , he joined fellow Lowland League side BSC Glasgow in June 2018 . He only spent a short period with BSC before joining",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "Scottish Junior Football Association side Cumbernauld United .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " Prunty left Cumbernauld United in November 2018 to join the coaching staff at Airdrieonians , working alongside former manager Ian Murray .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Prunty played and scored for the Scotland Under-20 side in 2003 against Portugal . He also played three times for the Under-21 side in 2004 .",
"title": "International"
},
{
"text": " - SFL Player of the Month : December 2005 , November 2008 - PFA Scotland Second Division Player of the Season : 2008–09 - SFL Goal of the season : 2012–13 - PFA Scotland Goal of the Season : 2012–13",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish League Two ( fourth tier ) : Winners 2016–17",
"title": "Arbroath"
}
] |
/wiki/Bryan_Prunty#P54#1
|
Bryan Prunty played for which team between Feb 2004 and May 2004?
|
Bryan Prunty Bryan Prunty ( born 12 January 1983 ) is a retired Scottish footballer who is currently on the backroom staff at Scottish League One club Airdrieonians . Career . Club . Prunty began his career with Celtic , but he failed to make a senior appearance . In January 2004 , he moved to fellow Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen , making his senior debut in a Scottish Cup replay victory against Dundee on 21 January 2004 . His first senior goal came on 27 March 2004 in a 3–1 defeat against Kilmarnock . At the end of the 2003–04 season , Prunty was told by manager Jimmy Calderwood that he could leave the club . On 6 August 2004 , Prunty signed for Inverness Caledonian Thistle . A year later he joined Airdrie United where he was recognised as the clubs 2005–06 Player of the Year . Prunty then signed for Airdries Second Division rivals Ayr United in May 2008 . In May 2009 , he was recognised by his fellow professionals as 2nd Division player of the year for 2008–2009 . Prunty spent part of the 2009–10 season on loan at Stirling Albion . It was widely believed Prunty would sign permanently for Stirling in January 2010 , but instead he was snapped up by Alloa Athletic . Prunty scored on his Alloa debut in a 2–0 win over Stenhousemuir . On 16 May 2011 , Prunty then joined Dumbarton . In February 2012 , he scored an overhead kick against Stenhousemuir which was voted as SFL Goal of the Month , then a year later won the same award after scoring a stunning overhead bicycle kick from the edge of the box in a match against Livingston in February 2013 , which was reported to have been viewed so many times it caused the Livingston club website to crash . The goal was also voted Goal of the Season at both the PFA Scotland and Scottish Football League end of season awards . On 16 May 2013 , Prunty agreed a new one-year contract with Dumbarton . In May 2014 Prunty agreed a new one-year deal with Dumbarton . Despite only signing a new deal in May 2014 , Prunty joined Scottish League One Airdrieonians on August 30 , 2014 . He left the club in May 2016 after it was announced Airdrie would be operating full-time from June 2016 , signing for Scottish League Two side Arbroath shortly after . After 18 months with the Red Lichties , Prunty signed for Lowland League side East Kilbride in January 2018 . After five months with EK , he joined fellow Lowland League side BSC Glasgow in June 2018 . He only spent a short period with BSC before joining Scottish Junior Football Association side Cumbernauld United . Coaching career . Prunty left Cumbernauld United in November 2018 to join the coaching staff at Airdrieonians , working alongside former manager Ian Murray . International . Prunty played and scored for the Scotland Under-20 side in 2003 against Portugal . He also played three times for the Under-21 side in 2004 . Honours . - SFL Player of the Month : December 2005 , November 2008 - PFA Scotland Second Division Player of the Season : 2008–09 - SFL Goal of the season : 2012–13 - PFA Scotland Goal of the Season : 2012–13 Arbroath - Scottish League Two ( fourth tier ) : Winners 2016–17
|
[
"Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
] |
[
{
"text": " Bryan Prunty ( born 12 January 1983 ) is a retired Scottish footballer who is currently on the backroom staff at Scottish League One club Airdrieonians .",
"title": "Bryan Prunty"
},
{
"text": " Prunty began his career with Celtic , but he failed to make a senior appearance . In January 2004 , he moved to fellow Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen , making his senior debut in a Scottish Cup replay victory against Dundee on 21 January 2004 . His first senior goal came on 27 March 2004 in a 3–1 defeat against Kilmarnock . At the end of the 2003–04 season , Prunty was told by manager Jimmy Calderwood that he could leave the club .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "On 6 August 2004 , Prunty signed for Inverness Caledonian Thistle . A year later he joined Airdrie United where he was recognised as the clubs 2005–06 Player of the Year . Prunty then signed for Airdries Second Division rivals Ayr United in May 2008 . In May 2009 , he was recognised by his fellow professionals as 2nd Division player of the year for 2008–2009 .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " Prunty spent part of the 2009–10 season on loan at Stirling Albion . It was widely believed Prunty would sign permanently for Stirling in January 2010 , but instead he was snapped up by Alloa Athletic . Prunty scored on his Alloa debut in a 2–0 win over Stenhousemuir .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "On 16 May 2011 , Prunty then joined Dumbarton . In February 2012 , he scored an overhead kick against Stenhousemuir which was voted as SFL Goal of the Month , then a year later won the same award after scoring a stunning overhead bicycle kick from the edge of the box in a match against Livingston in February 2013 , which was reported to have been viewed so many times it caused the Livingston club website to crash . The goal was also voted Goal of the Season at both the PFA Scotland and Scottish Football League end of",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "season awards . On 16 May 2013 , Prunty agreed a new one-year contract with Dumbarton . In May 2014 Prunty agreed a new one-year deal with Dumbarton .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "Despite only signing a new deal in May 2014 , Prunty joined Scottish League One Airdrieonians on August 30 , 2014 . He left the club in May 2016 after it was announced Airdrie would be operating full-time from June 2016 , signing for Scottish League Two side Arbroath shortly after . After 18 months with the Red Lichties , Prunty signed for Lowland League side East Kilbride in January 2018 . After five months with EK , he joined fellow Lowland League side BSC Glasgow in June 2018 . He only spent a short period with BSC before joining",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "Scottish Junior Football Association side Cumbernauld United .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " Prunty left Cumbernauld United in November 2018 to join the coaching staff at Airdrieonians , working alongside former manager Ian Murray .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Prunty played and scored for the Scotland Under-20 side in 2003 against Portugal . He also played three times for the Under-21 side in 2004 .",
"title": "International"
},
{
"text": " - SFL Player of the Month : December 2005 , November 2008 - PFA Scotland Second Division Player of the Season : 2008–09 - SFL Goal of the season : 2012–13 - PFA Scotland Goal of the Season : 2012–13",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish League Two ( fourth tier ) : Winners 2016–17",
"title": "Arbroath"
}
] |
/wiki/Bryan_Prunty#P54#2
|
Bryan Prunty played for which team in Aug 2007?
|
Bryan Prunty Bryan Prunty ( born 12 January 1983 ) is a retired Scottish footballer who is currently on the backroom staff at Scottish League One club Airdrieonians . Career . Club . Prunty began his career with Celtic , but he failed to make a senior appearance . In January 2004 , he moved to fellow Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen , making his senior debut in a Scottish Cup replay victory against Dundee on 21 January 2004 . His first senior goal came on 27 March 2004 in a 3–1 defeat against Kilmarnock . At the end of the 2003–04 season , Prunty was told by manager Jimmy Calderwood that he could leave the club . On 6 August 2004 , Prunty signed for Inverness Caledonian Thistle . A year later he joined Airdrie United where he was recognised as the clubs 2005–06 Player of the Year . Prunty then signed for Airdries Second Division rivals Ayr United in May 2008 . In May 2009 , he was recognised by his fellow professionals as 2nd Division player of the year for 2008–2009 . Prunty spent part of the 2009–10 season on loan at Stirling Albion . It was widely believed Prunty would sign permanently for Stirling in January 2010 , but instead he was snapped up by Alloa Athletic . Prunty scored on his Alloa debut in a 2–0 win over Stenhousemuir . On 16 May 2011 , Prunty then joined Dumbarton . In February 2012 , he scored an overhead kick against Stenhousemuir which was voted as SFL Goal of the Month , then a year later won the same award after scoring a stunning overhead bicycle kick from the edge of the box in a match against Livingston in February 2013 , which was reported to have been viewed so many times it caused the Livingston club website to crash . The goal was also voted Goal of the Season at both the PFA Scotland and Scottish Football League end of season awards . On 16 May 2013 , Prunty agreed a new one-year contract with Dumbarton . In May 2014 Prunty agreed a new one-year deal with Dumbarton . Despite only signing a new deal in May 2014 , Prunty joined Scottish League One Airdrieonians on August 30 , 2014 . He left the club in May 2016 after it was announced Airdrie would be operating full-time from June 2016 , signing for Scottish League Two side Arbroath shortly after . After 18 months with the Red Lichties , Prunty signed for Lowland League side East Kilbride in January 2018 . After five months with EK , he joined fellow Lowland League side BSC Glasgow in June 2018 . He only spent a short period with BSC before joining Scottish Junior Football Association side Cumbernauld United . Coaching career . Prunty left Cumbernauld United in November 2018 to join the coaching staff at Airdrieonians , working alongside former manager Ian Murray . International . Prunty played and scored for the Scotland Under-20 side in 2003 against Portugal . He also played three times for the Under-21 side in 2004 . Honours . - SFL Player of the Month : December 2005 , November 2008 - PFA Scotland Second Division Player of the Season : 2008–09 - SFL Goal of the season : 2012–13 - PFA Scotland Goal of the Season : 2012–13 Arbroath - Scottish League Two ( fourth tier ) : Winners 2016–17
|
[
"Airdrieonians"
] |
[
{
"text": " Bryan Prunty ( born 12 January 1983 ) is a retired Scottish footballer who is currently on the backroom staff at Scottish League One club Airdrieonians .",
"title": "Bryan Prunty"
},
{
"text": " Prunty began his career with Celtic , but he failed to make a senior appearance . In January 2004 , he moved to fellow Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen , making his senior debut in a Scottish Cup replay victory against Dundee on 21 January 2004 . His first senior goal came on 27 March 2004 in a 3–1 defeat against Kilmarnock . At the end of the 2003–04 season , Prunty was told by manager Jimmy Calderwood that he could leave the club .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "On 6 August 2004 , Prunty signed for Inverness Caledonian Thistle . A year later he joined Airdrie United where he was recognised as the clubs 2005–06 Player of the Year . Prunty then signed for Airdries Second Division rivals Ayr United in May 2008 . In May 2009 , he was recognised by his fellow professionals as 2nd Division player of the year for 2008–2009 .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " Prunty spent part of the 2009–10 season on loan at Stirling Albion . It was widely believed Prunty would sign permanently for Stirling in January 2010 , but instead he was snapped up by Alloa Athletic . Prunty scored on his Alloa debut in a 2–0 win over Stenhousemuir .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "On 16 May 2011 , Prunty then joined Dumbarton . In February 2012 , he scored an overhead kick against Stenhousemuir which was voted as SFL Goal of the Month , then a year later won the same award after scoring a stunning overhead bicycle kick from the edge of the box in a match against Livingston in February 2013 , which was reported to have been viewed so many times it caused the Livingston club website to crash . The goal was also voted Goal of the Season at both the PFA Scotland and Scottish Football League end of",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "season awards . On 16 May 2013 , Prunty agreed a new one-year contract with Dumbarton . In May 2014 Prunty agreed a new one-year deal with Dumbarton .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "Despite only signing a new deal in May 2014 , Prunty joined Scottish League One Airdrieonians on August 30 , 2014 . He left the club in May 2016 after it was announced Airdrie would be operating full-time from June 2016 , signing for Scottish League Two side Arbroath shortly after . After 18 months with the Red Lichties , Prunty signed for Lowland League side East Kilbride in January 2018 . After five months with EK , he joined fellow Lowland League side BSC Glasgow in June 2018 . He only spent a short period with BSC before joining",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": "Scottish Junior Football Association side Cumbernauld United .",
"title": "Club"
},
{
"text": " Prunty left Cumbernauld United in November 2018 to join the coaching staff at Airdrieonians , working alongside former manager Ian Murray .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " Prunty played and scored for the Scotland Under-20 side in 2003 against Portugal . He also played three times for the Under-21 side in 2004 .",
"title": "International"
},
{
"text": " - SFL Player of the Month : December 2005 , November 2008 - PFA Scotland Second Division Player of the Season : 2008–09 - SFL Goal of the season : 2012–13 - PFA Scotland Goal of the Season : 2012–13",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - Scottish League Two ( fourth tier ) : Winners 2016–17",
"title": "Arbroath"
}
] |
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