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/wiki/TS_Maxim_Gorkiy#P127#2
|
Who owned TS Maxim Gorkiy between Nov 2008 and Dec 2008?
|
TS Maxim Gorkiy TS Maxim Gorkiy was , until 30 November 2008 , a cruise ship owned by Sovcomflot , Russia , under long-term charter to Phoenix Reisen , Germany . She was built in 1969 by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft , Hamburg , West Germany for the German Atlantic Line as TS Hamburg . In late 1973 she was very briefly renamed TS Hanseatic . The following year she was sold to the Black Sea Shipping Company , Soviet Union and received the name Maksim Gorkiy in honour of the writer Maxim Gorky , renamed to Maxim Gorkiy after collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 . On 20 August 2008 Maxim Gorkiy was sold to Orient Lines . She was due to enter service with her new owners on 15 April 2009 under the name TS Marco Polo II , but in November 2008 the relaunch of the Orient Lines brand was cancelled . On 8 January 2009 the ship was sold for scrap , and she was beached at Alang , India on 26 February 2009 . Although never used as such , the ship was originally planned as a dual ocean liner/cruise ship , for service between Hamburg and New York City as well as cruising . She was the first major passenger liner built in Germany since 1938 . On entering service for the Black Sea Shipping Company , she became the first four-star cruise ship operated under the Soviet flag . Several variants of the ships name were used through her career . Some sources refer to her with the prefix TS ( turbine ship ) instead of SS ( steamship ) , while her final name Maxim Gorkiy was also written as Maksim Gorkiy and Maxim Gorki . She should not be confused with any of the Soviet era cruise liners of the , the so-called poet or writer class , including the current . Concept and construction . The Hamburg Atlantic Line had begun operations in 1958 , operating the former Canadian Pacific liner Empress of Scotland as the first on a route connecting Cuxhaven , Germany to New York City . In 1965 the company decided to order a replacement for Hanseatic . In order to finance this , a new company German Atlantic Line was founded and shares of the new company were offered to past Hamburg Atlantic Line passengers . The unusual scheme was successful , and an order was placed for the new ship at Deutsche Werft , Hamburg in November 1966 . Before the ship was delivered , Deutsche Werft merged with Howaldtswerke to form Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft . The new ship , eventually named Hamburg was originally planned to operate both as an ocean liner and as a cruise ship , similarly to , under construction at the time . However , by the time Hamburg was delivered in March 1969 , German Atlantic Line ( as the whole company was known by then ) had abandoned liner service and Hamburg was used for full-time cruising . Additionally the first Hanseatic had burnt in September 1966 , and instead of replacing her Hamburg now entered service alongside the second that had been purchased from Zim Lines in 1967 . The ships interiors were modernized 1988 , however most public spaces were in the same configuration as they were when the ship was built until the end of her career . Service history . With German Atlantic Line . The new flagship of the German Atlantic Line , Hamburg , set on her maiden voyage from Cuxhaven , Germany on a cruise to South America on 28 March 1969 . She was the first major German-built passenger liner to enter service since 1938 . Until 1973 Hamburg was used for cruising around Europe and the Americas alongside the second Hanseatic . The operations of the German Atlantic Line were badly hit by the oil crises in 1973 . Additionally their sister company Home Lines had lost their in a fire earlier that year , and as a result Hanseatic was transferred to the fleet of Home Lines on 25 September 1973 as Doric . On the same day the second Hanseatic was sold , Hamburg was in turn renamed Hanseatic , becoming the third ship to bear the name . Her career under the new name proved short however , as already on 1 December 1973 German Atlantic Line ceased operations , the newest Hanseatic was laid up in Hamburg and placed for sale . Japanese Ryutsu Kaiun KK were interested in buying the ship , but that deal did not materialise . The Museum for Hamburg History displays a model of the ship in her SS Hamburg guise . With Black Sea Shipping Company . On 25 January 1974 Hanseatic was sold to Robin International , New York City , who immediately re-sold her to the Black Sea Shipping Company . Renamed Maksim Gorkiy , she was at the time the most luxurious ship to sail under the flag of the Soviet Union . Before the ship entered service for the Black Sea Shipping Company , she was chartered to a British film crew and used to portray the fictional SS Britannic in the disaster film Juggernaut . From the beginning of her career under the Soviet flag , she was often chartered to West German tour operators . In November 1975 an attempt was made to sink the ship . While she was being repaired at San Juan , two bombs were installed on board under the waterline . These were detonated later during the same month as the ship was approaching New York . The damage did not sink the ship however , and she was subsequently repaired at the Bethlehem Steel Corporation in Hoboken , New Jersey , United States . An incident of a different nature took place while the ship was inbound to New York on 18 September 1980 , when the port authorities declined the ships right to make port due to the Soviet Unions involvement in Afghanistan at the time . Instead of entering port Maxim Gorky was forced to lay at anchor outside Staten Island , while port ferries were used to bring her passengers to the city . With Phoenix Reisen . In September 1988 Maksim Gorkiy was chartered to Phoenix Reisen of West Germany for twenty years . Despite being in service for Phoenix , the ship maintained her mainly Soviet crew ( later Russian/Ukrainian ) and the Soviet Unions funnel colours . Even after the collapse of the Soviet Union she was painted in the new colours of independent Russia , not those of Phoenix Reisen . In 1989 Maksim Gorkiy made headlines twice . On around midnight on 19 June 1989 she hit an ice floe while on a cruise near Svalbard and begun to sink rapidly . All passengers and a third of the crew were instructed to abandon ship , while the Norwegian coast guard vessel Senja was dispatched to assist . By the time Senja arrived on the scene some three hours later , Maksim Gorkiy was already partially submerged . 350 passengers were evacuated from the lifeboats and ice floes by helicopters and Senja . Senja took on 700 people . They were taken to Svalbard and later flown back to Germany . Meanwhile , the crew of Senja had managed to stop Maksim Gorkiys sinking , by which time her bow had already sunk down to the level of the main deck . On 21 June Maksim Gorkiy was towed to Svalbard where quick repairs were made to make her watertight enough to survive a return to Germany for repairs . The ship sailed to Lloyd Werft , Bremerhaven under her own power and after repairs was back on service on 17 August 1989 . Maksim Gorkiy made news again in December of the same year , when she was used as a venue for an international summit between George H . W . Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev at Malta . On 26 July 1991 , while on a cruise to Svalbard a television exploded on board , injuring three people . In December of the same year the ship was re-registered to Nassau , Bahamas as Maxim Gorkiy . Following the collapse of the Soviet Union she was transferred to the fleet of Sovcomflot , who continued chartering her to Phoenix Reisen . Sometime between 2004 and 2006 Maxim Gorkiy finally received the green/white livery of Phoenix Reisen . Her long-term charter to Phoenix Reisen ended on 30 November 2008 , and Phoenix Reisen did not extend the charter due to the high fuel expenses of operating a steam turbine powered ship . The future of the ship remained uncertain for some time due to the new requirements of the SOLAS regulations coming into effect in 2010 , meeting of which would have required large-scale reconstruction for Maxim Gorkiy . On 20 August 2008 it was reported that the re-formed Orient Lines had purchased the ship . Orient Lines planned to rename the ship Marco Polo II and refit her to comply with the SOLAS 2010 requirements . She was due to enter service with her new owners on 15 April 2009 . However , on 19 November 2008 Orient Lines made a statement that the relaunch of their cruise operations has been delayed indefinitely due to the financial crisis of 2007–2008 . Following the termination of her charter to Phoenix Reisen in November 2008 , Maxim Gorkiy was laid up at Eleusis , Greece . In December 2008 plans were made to convert her into a static hotel ship to be permanently moored at Hamburg . In early January 2009 the ship was reportedly sold to the scrapyard at Alang , India for € 4.2 million . Despite the sale for scrap the ship remained laid up in Greece and attempts were made to purchase her for hotel ship use . In February 2009 the attempt to save the ship were reported to have failed , and she was beached for scrapping at Alang on 26 February 2009 . The ship was broken up in less than seven months after being beached . Design . Exterior . The basic hull design of Hamburg is a conventional , robust steel construction , with entirely flat decks amidship that slope slightly upwards towards the bow in a compromise between modern construction techniques and traditional design values . The superstructure adapted a clear , streamlined design in spirit of the modernism of the late 1960s . With usage as a cruise ships in mind , the ship was built with a mid-ship lido deck complex spanning two decks on the top of the ship . The upper level of the complex was extended all the way to the sides of the ship , allowing a view uninterrupted by lifeboats from the lido to the surrounding sea from behind the shelter provided by high glass screens . In addition to the lido deck , a large sports deck was designed behind the funnel . Perhaps the most distinctive individual exterior feature of the ship is her slim funnel equipped with a large saucer-like smoke deflector dish on the top , a design that has not been featured on any other ship in such a radical form . The futuristic funnel design in part earned Hamburg the nickname The Space Ship . Interior . The interior layout of Hamburg was based on an axial design , with a central passageway running through the ship on each deck . In order to accomplish this , the funnel uptakes had to be divided . The first notable passenger liner to have featured such a design had been another German ship , of 1914 . Spaciousness was an important factor in interior design , and the feeling of space in the interiors was another reason for the ships nickname as The Space Ship . A major factor in establishing this sense of space was the effectively designed galley , restaurant and crew mess complex located in the forward part of decks 4 and 5 . The galley was linked by direct vertical cores to service areas on the upper deck lounges , the whole design minimizing the space required for effective catering of the passengers and crew . This space-effective design also dictated that almost all public rooms are located at the front of the ship ( a notable exclusion being the theatre ) , while all cabins are located on the rear part of the three decks below the promenade deck . Due to being planned for liner service , Hamburg was designed with spacious cabins , most of which ( 306 out of 326 ) feature full bath-tubs , a feature not found on many ships built since . The deluxe cabins located on promenade deck additionally feature floor-to-ceiling windows and separate bedrooms and living rooms . Most of the public rooms on board the ship were retained in their original use since the ship entered service in 1969 , some—such as the Wolga Bar—retaining their original furniture until the very end . Decks . As Maxim Gorkiy . 1 . Unknown 2 . Sauna Deck – spa , swimming pool , sauna 3 . Crew spaces 4 . Restaurant Deck – restaurants , bar 5 . Neptun Deck – restaurant , inside and outside cabins 6 . Saturn Deck – information desk , inside and outside cabins 7 . Orion Deck – inside and outside cabins 8 . Promenade Deck – showroom , library , bars , winter gardens , shops , theatre , enclosed promenade , suites , sun deck 9 . Lido Deck – observation lounge , night club / disco , fitness center , chapel , open promenade , swimming pool 10 . Sun Deck – cafeteria , sun deck External links . - Phoenix Reisen official website - Orient Lines official website - Maxim Gorkiy at ShipParade.com ( archived link )
|
[
"Orient Lines",
"the scrapyard at Alang , India"
] |
[
{
"text": "TS Maxim Gorkiy was , until 30 November 2008 , a cruise ship owned by Sovcomflot , Russia , under long-term charter to Phoenix Reisen , Germany . She was built in 1969 by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft , Hamburg , West Germany for the German Atlantic Line as TS Hamburg . In late 1973 she was very briefly renamed TS Hanseatic . The following year she was sold to the Black Sea Shipping Company , Soviet Union and received the name Maksim Gorkiy in honour of the writer Maxim Gorky , renamed to Maxim Gorkiy after collapse of the Soviet Union",
"title": "TS Maxim Gorkiy"
},
{
"text": "in 1991 . On 20 August 2008 Maxim Gorkiy was sold to Orient Lines . She was due to enter service with her new owners on 15 April 2009 under the name TS Marco Polo II , but in November 2008 the relaunch of the Orient Lines brand was cancelled . On 8 January 2009 the ship was sold for scrap , and she was beached at Alang , India on 26 February 2009 .",
"title": "TS Maxim Gorkiy"
},
{
"text": " Although never used as such , the ship was originally planned as a dual ocean liner/cruise ship , for service between Hamburg and New York City as well as cruising . She was the first major passenger liner built in Germany since 1938 . On entering service for the Black Sea Shipping Company , she became the first four-star cruise ship operated under the Soviet flag .",
"title": "TS Maxim Gorkiy"
},
{
"text": "Several variants of the ships name were used through her career . Some sources refer to her with the prefix TS ( turbine ship ) instead of SS ( steamship ) , while her final name Maxim Gorkiy was also written as Maksim Gorkiy and Maxim Gorki . She should not be confused with any of the Soviet era cruise liners of the , the so-called poet or writer class , including the current .",
"title": "TS Maxim Gorkiy"
},
{
"text": "The Hamburg Atlantic Line had begun operations in 1958 , operating the former Canadian Pacific liner Empress of Scotland as the first on a route connecting Cuxhaven , Germany to New York City . In 1965 the company decided to order a replacement for Hanseatic . In order to finance this , a new company German Atlantic Line was founded and shares of the new company were offered to past Hamburg Atlantic Line passengers . The unusual scheme was successful , and an order was placed for the new ship at Deutsche Werft , Hamburg in November 1966 . Before",
"title": "Concept and construction"
},
{
"text": "the ship was delivered , Deutsche Werft merged with Howaldtswerke to form Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft .",
"title": "Concept and construction"
},
{
"text": "The new ship , eventually named Hamburg was originally planned to operate both as an ocean liner and as a cruise ship , similarly to , under construction at the time . However , by the time Hamburg was delivered in March 1969 , German Atlantic Line ( as the whole company was known by then ) had abandoned liner service and Hamburg was used for full-time cruising . Additionally the first Hanseatic had burnt in September 1966 , and instead of replacing her Hamburg now entered service alongside the second that had been purchased from Zim Lines in 1967",
"title": "Concept and construction"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Concept and construction"
},
{
"text": " The ships interiors were modernized 1988 , however most public spaces were in the same configuration as they were when the ship was built until the end of her career .",
"title": "Concept and construction"
},
{
"text": " With German Atlantic Line . The new flagship of the German Atlantic Line , Hamburg , set on her maiden voyage from Cuxhaven , Germany on a cruise to South America on 28 March 1969 . She was the first major German-built passenger liner to enter service since 1938 . Until 1973 Hamburg was used for cruising around Europe and the Americas alongside the second Hanseatic .",
"title": "Service history"
},
{
"text": "The operations of the German Atlantic Line were badly hit by the oil crises in 1973 . Additionally their sister company Home Lines had lost their in a fire earlier that year , and as a result Hanseatic was transferred to the fleet of Home Lines on 25 September 1973 as Doric . On the same day the second Hanseatic was sold , Hamburg was in turn renamed Hanseatic , becoming the third ship to bear the name . Her career under the new name proved short however , as already on 1 December 1973 German Atlantic Line ceased operations",
"title": "Service history"
},
{
"text": ", the newest Hanseatic was laid up in Hamburg and placed for sale . Japanese Ryutsu Kaiun KK were interested in buying the ship , but that deal did not materialise .",
"title": "Service history"
},
{
"text": " The Museum for Hamburg History displays a model of the ship in her SS Hamburg guise . With Black Sea Shipping Company .",
"title": "Service history"
},
{
"text": "On 25 January 1974 Hanseatic was sold to Robin International , New York City , who immediately re-sold her to the Black Sea Shipping Company . Renamed Maksim Gorkiy , she was at the time the most luxurious ship to sail under the flag of the Soviet Union . Before the ship entered service for the Black Sea Shipping Company , she was chartered to a British film crew and used to portray the fictional SS Britannic in the disaster film Juggernaut . From the beginning of her career under the Soviet flag , she was often chartered to West",
"title": "Service history"
},
{
"text": "German tour operators .",
"title": "Service history"
},
{
"text": "In November 1975 an attempt was made to sink the ship . While she was being repaired at San Juan , two bombs were installed on board under the waterline . These were detonated later during the same month as the ship was approaching New York . The damage did not sink the ship however , and she was subsequently repaired at the Bethlehem Steel Corporation in Hoboken , New Jersey , United States . An incident of a different nature took place while the ship was inbound to New York on 18 September 1980 , when the port authorities",
"title": "Service history"
},
{
"text": "declined the ships right to make port due to the Soviet Unions involvement in Afghanistan at the time . Instead of entering port Maxim Gorky was forced to lay at anchor outside Staten Island , while port ferries were used to bring her passengers to the city .",
"title": "Service history"
},
{
"text": " In September 1988 Maksim Gorkiy was chartered to Phoenix Reisen of West Germany for twenty years . Despite being in service for Phoenix , the ship maintained her mainly Soviet crew ( later Russian/Ukrainian ) and the Soviet Unions funnel colours . Even after the collapse of the Soviet Union she was painted in the new colours of independent Russia , not those of Phoenix Reisen .",
"title": "With Phoenix Reisen"
},
{
"text": "In 1989 Maksim Gorkiy made headlines twice . On around midnight on 19 June 1989 she hit an ice floe while on a cruise near Svalbard and begun to sink rapidly . All passengers and a third of the crew were instructed to abandon ship , while the Norwegian coast guard vessel Senja was dispatched to assist . By the time Senja arrived on the scene some three hours later , Maksim Gorkiy was already partially submerged . 350 passengers were evacuated from the lifeboats and ice floes by helicopters and Senja . Senja took on 700 people . They",
"title": "With Phoenix Reisen"
},
{
"text": "were taken to Svalbard and later flown back to Germany . Meanwhile , the crew of Senja had managed to stop Maksim Gorkiys sinking , by which time her bow had already sunk down to the level of the main deck . On 21 June Maksim Gorkiy was towed to Svalbard where quick repairs were made to make her watertight enough to survive a return to Germany for repairs . The ship sailed to Lloyd Werft , Bremerhaven under her own power and after repairs was back on service on 17 August 1989 .",
"title": "With Phoenix Reisen"
},
{
"text": " Maksim Gorkiy made news again in December of the same year , when she was used as a venue for an international summit between George H . W . Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev at Malta . On 26 July 1991 , while on a cruise to Svalbard a television exploded on board , injuring three people . In December of the same year the ship was re-registered to Nassau , Bahamas as Maxim Gorkiy . Following the collapse of the Soviet Union she was transferred to the fleet of Sovcomflot , who continued chartering her to Phoenix Reisen .",
"title": "With Phoenix Reisen"
},
{
"text": "Sometime between 2004 and 2006 Maxim Gorkiy finally received the green/white livery of Phoenix Reisen . Her long-term charter to Phoenix Reisen ended on 30 November 2008 , and Phoenix Reisen did not extend the charter due to the high fuel expenses of operating a steam turbine powered ship . The future of the ship remained uncertain for some time due to the new requirements of the SOLAS regulations coming into effect in 2010 , meeting of which would have required large-scale reconstruction for Maxim Gorkiy . On 20 August 2008 it was reported that the re-formed Orient Lines had",
"title": "With Phoenix Reisen"
},
{
"text": "purchased the ship . Orient Lines planned to rename the ship Marco Polo II and refit her to comply with the SOLAS 2010 requirements . She was due to enter service with her new owners on 15 April 2009 . However , on 19 November 2008 Orient Lines made a statement that the relaunch of their cruise operations has been delayed indefinitely due to the financial crisis of 2007–2008 .",
"title": "With Phoenix Reisen"
},
{
"text": "Following the termination of her charter to Phoenix Reisen in November 2008 , Maxim Gorkiy was laid up at Eleusis , Greece . In December 2008 plans were made to convert her into a static hotel ship to be permanently moored at Hamburg . In early January 2009 the ship was reportedly sold to the scrapyard at Alang , India for € 4.2 million . Despite the sale for scrap the ship remained laid up in Greece and attempts were made to purchase her for hotel ship use . In February 2009 the attempt to save the ship were reported",
"title": "With Phoenix Reisen"
},
{
"text": "to have failed , and she was beached for scrapping at Alang on 26 February 2009 . The ship was broken up in less than seven months after being beached .",
"title": "With Phoenix Reisen"
},
{
"text": "The basic hull design of Hamburg is a conventional , robust steel construction , with entirely flat decks amidship that slope slightly upwards towards the bow in a compromise between modern construction techniques and traditional design values . The superstructure adapted a clear , streamlined design in spirit of the modernism of the late 1960s . With usage as a cruise ships in mind , the ship was built with a mid-ship lido deck complex spanning two decks on the top of the ship . The upper level of the complex was extended all the way to the sides of",
"title": "Exterior"
},
{
"text": "the ship , allowing a view uninterrupted by lifeboats from the lido to the surrounding sea from behind the shelter provided by high glass screens . In addition to the lido deck , a large sports deck was designed behind the funnel .",
"title": "Exterior"
},
{
"text": " Perhaps the most distinctive individual exterior feature of the ship is her slim funnel equipped with a large saucer-like smoke deflector dish on the top , a design that has not been featured on any other ship in such a radical form . The futuristic funnel design in part earned Hamburg the nickname The Space Ship .",
"title": "Exterior"
},
{
"text": "The interior layout of Hamburg was based on an axial design , with a central passageway running through the ship on each deck . In order to accomplish this , the funnel uptakes had to be divided . The first notable passenger liner to have featured such a design had been another German ship , of 1914 . Spaciousness was an important factor in interior design , and the feeling of space in the interiors was another reason for the ships nickname as The Space Ship . A major factor in establishing this sense of space was the effectively designed",
"title": "Interior"
},
{
"text": "galley , restaurant and crew mess complex located in the forward part of decks 4 and 5 . The galley was linked by direct vertical cores to service areas on the upper deck lounges , the whole design minimizing the space required for effective catering of the passengers and crew . This space-effective design also dictated that almost all public rooms are located at the front of the ship ( a notable exclusion being the theatre ) , while all cabins are located on the rear part of the three decks below the promenade deck .",
"title": "Interior"
},
{
"text": " Due to being planned for liner service , Hamburg was designed with spacious cabins , most of which ( 306 out of 326 ) feature full bath-tubs , a feature not found on many ships built since . The deluxe cabins located on promenade deck additionally feature floor-to-ceiling windows and separate bedrooms and living rooms . Most of the public rooms on board the ship were retained in their original use since the ship entered service in 1969 , some—such as the Wolga Bar—retaining their original furniture until the very end .",
"title": "Interior"
},
{
"text": " 1 . Unknown 2 . Sauna Deck – spa , swimming pool , sauna 3 . Crew spaces 4 . Restaurant Deck – restaurants , bar 5 . Neptun Deck – restaurant , inside and outside cabins 6 . Saturn Deck – information desk , inside and outside cabins 7 . Orion Deck – inside and outside cabins 8 . Promenade Deck – showroom , library , bars , winter gardens , shops , theatre , enclosed promenade , suites , sun deck",
"title": "As Maxim Gorkiy"
},
{
"text": "9 . Lido Deck – observation lounge , night club / disco , fitness center , chapel , open promenade , swimming pool",
"title": "As Maxim Gorkiy"
},
{
"text": " - Phoenix Reisen official website - Orient Lines official website - Maxim Gorkiy at ShipParade.com ( archived link )",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Philippa_Levine#P108#0
|
What was the name of the employer Philippa Levine work for between Sep 1983 and Oct 1983?
|
Philippa Levine Philippa Judith Amanda Levine , FRAI , FRHistS , is a historian of the British Empire , gender , race , science and technology . She has spent most of her career in the United States and has been Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities ( 2010–17 ) and Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas ( since 2017 ) at the University of Texas at Austin . Biography . Philippa Judith Amanda Levine grew up in the United Kingdom and studied at Kings College , Cambridge , from 1976 to 1979 , when she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) degree in history ; she then completed a doctorate ( DPhil ) at St Antonys College , Oxford , from 1979 to 1984 ( supported firstly by a postgraduate studentship from Kings College , Cambridge , and then from 1980 with a Department of Education and Science research studentship ) . The DPhil was awarded for her thesis The amateur and the professional : antiquarians , historians and archaeologists in nineteenth century England , 1838–1886 . Levines first academic post was as a lecturer in history at the University of East Anglia ( 1983–85 ) . She then spent two years as a research fellow in womens studies at Flinders University of South Australia , before moving to Florida State University as an assistant professor in 1987 . Three years later , she was promoted to associate professor . In 1991 , she moved to the University of Southern California as an associate professor of history and became a full professor in 1994 . She was appointed Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities at the University of Texas at Austin in 2010 . Since 2017 , she has been Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas at the University of Texas at Austin . Levine was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society ( FRHistS ) in 1994 , and a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland ( FRAI ) in 2014 . Research . Levines research has focused on the history of the British Empire , race and gender , and science , medicine and society . Her publications include : - Eugenics : A Very Short Introduction ( New York : Oxford University Press , 2017 ) . - ( Co-edited with John Marriott ) The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Imperial Histories ( Farnham : Ashgate , 2012 ) . - ( Co-edited with Alison Bashford ) The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2010 ) . - ( Co-edited with Susan Grayzel ) Gender , Labour , War and Empire in Modern Britain : Essays on Modern Britain ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2009 ) . - Italian translation : L’impero britannico ( Bologna : Il Mulino , 2009 ) . - The British Empire , Sunrise to Sunset ( Harlow : Longman Pearson 2007 ) . - ( Co-edited with Kevin Grant and Frank Trentmann ) Beyond Sovereignty : Britain , Empire and Transnationalism , 1860–1950 ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2007 ) - ( Edited ) Gender and Empire , Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2004 ) . - Prostitution , Race and Politics : Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire ( New York : Routledge , 2003 ) . - ( Co-edited with Laura E . Nym Mayhall and Ian Christopher Fletcher ) Womens Suffrage in the British Empire : Citizenship , Nation and Race ( London : Routledge , 2000 ) . - Feminist Lives in Victorian England . Private Roles and Public Commitment ( Oxford : Basil Blackwell , 1990 ) . - Victorian Feminism 1850–1900 ( London : Hutchinson Education , 1987 ) . - The Amateur and the Professional . Historians , Antiquarians and Archaeologists in Victorian England , 1838–1886 ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 1986 ) .
|
[
"University of East Anglia"
] |
[
{
"text": " Philippa Judith Amanda Levine , FRAI , FRHistS , is a historian of the British Empire , gender , race , science and technology . She has spent most of her career in the United States and has been Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities ( 2010–17 ) and Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas ( since 2017 ) at the University of Texas at Austin .",
"title": "Philippa Levine"
},
{
"text": "Philippa Judith Amanda Levine grew up in the United Kingdom and studied at Kings College , Cambridge , from 1976 to 1979 , when she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) degree in history ; she then completed a doctorate ( DPhil ) at St Antonys College , Oxford , from 1979 to 1984 ( supported firstly by a postgraduate studentship from Kings College , Cambridge , and then from 1980 with a Department of Education and Science research studentship ) . The DPhil was awarded for her thesis The amateur and the professional : antiquarians ,",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "historians and archaeologists in nineteenth century England , 1838–1886 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Levines first academic post was as a lecturer in history at the University of East Anglia ( 1983–85 ) . She then spent two years as a research fellow in womens studies at Flinders University of South Australia , before moving to Florida State University as an assistant professor in 1987 . Three years later , she was promoted to associate professor . In 1991 , she moved to the University of Southern California as an associate professor of history and became a full professor in 1994 . She was appointed Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities at",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "the University of Texas at Austin in 2010 . Since 2017 , she has been Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas at the University of Texas at Austin .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Levine was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society ( FRHistS ) in 1994 , and a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland ( FRAI ) in 2014 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Levines research has focused on the history of the British Empire , race and gender , and science , medicine and society . Her publications include : - Eugenics : A Very Short Introduction ( New York : Oxford University Press , 2017 ) . - ( Co-edited with John Marriott ) The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Imperial Histories ( Farnham : Ashgate , 2012 ) . - ( Co-edited with Alison Bashford ) The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2010 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- ( Co-edited with Susan Grayzel ) Gender , Labour , War and Empire in Modern Britain : Essays on Modern Britain ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2009 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - Italian translation : L’impero britannico ( Bologna : Il Mulino , 2009 ) . - The British Empire , Sunrise to Sunset ( Harlow : Longman Pearson 2007 ) . - ( Co-edited with Kevin Grant and Frank Trentmann ) Beyond Sovereignty : Britain , Empire and Transnationalism , 1860–1950 ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2007 ) - ( Edited ) Gender and Empire , Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- Prostitution , Race and Politics : Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire ( New York : Routledge , 2003 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - ( Co-edited with Laura E . Nym Mayhall and Ian Christopher Fletcher ) Womens Suffrage in the British Empire : Citizenship , Nation and Race ( London : Routledge , 2000 ) . - Feminist Lives in Victorian England . Private Roles and Public Commitment ( Oxford : Basil Blackwell , 1990 ) . - Victorian Feminism 1850–1900 ( London : Hutchinson Education , 1987 ) . - The Amateur and the Professional . Historians , Antiquarians and Archaeologists in Victorian England , 1838–1886 ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 1986 ) .",
"title": "Research"
}
] |
/wiki/Philippa_Levine#P108#1
|
What was the name of the employer Philippa Levine work for in Jan 1987?
|
Philippa Levine Philippa Judith Amanda Levine , FRAI , FRHistS , is a historian of the British Empire , gender , race , science and technology . She has spent most of her career in the United States and has been Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities ( 2010–17 ) and Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas ( since 2017 ) at the University of Texas at Austin . Biography . Philippa Judith Amanda Levine grew up in the United Kingdom and studied at Kings College , Cambridge , from 1976 to 1979 , when she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) degree in history ; she then completed a doctorate ( DPhil ) at St Antonys College , Oxford , from 1979 to 1984 ( supported firstly by a postgraduate studentship from Kings College , Cambridge , and then from 1980 with a Department of Education and Science research studentship ) . The DPhil was awarded for her thesis The amateur and the professional : antiquarians , historians and archaeologists in nineteenth century England , 1838–1886 . Levines first academic post was as a lecturer in history at the University of East Anglia ( 1983–85 ) . She then spent two years as a research fellow in womens studies at Flinders University of South Australia , before moving to Florida State University as an assistant professor in 1987 . Three years later , she was promoted to associate professor . In 1991 , she moved to the University of Southern California as an associate professor of history and became a full professor in 1994 . She was appointed Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities at the University of Texas at Austin in 2010 . Since 2017 , she has been Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas at the University of Texas at Austin . Levine was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society ( FRHistS ) in 1994 , and a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland ( FRAI ) in 2014 . Research . Levines research has focused on the history of the British Empire , race and gender , and science , medicine and society . Her publications include : - Eugenics : A Very Short Introduction ( New York : Oxford University Press , 2017 ) . - ( Co-edited with John Marriott ) The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Imperial Histories ( Farnham : Ashgate , 2012 ) . - ( Co-edited with Alison Bashford ) The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2010 ) . - ( Co-edited with Susan Grayzel ) Gender , Labour , War and Empire in Modern Britain : Essays on Modern Britain ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2009 ) . - Italian translation : L’impero britannico ( Bologna : Il Mulino , 2009 ) . - The British Empire , Sunrise to Sunset ( Harlow : Longman Pearson 2007 ) . - ( Co-edited with Kevin Grant and Frank Trentmann ) Beyond Sovereignty : Britain , Empire and Transnationalism , 1860–1950 ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2007 ) - ( Edited ) Gender and Empire , Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2004 ) . - Prostitution , Race and Politics : Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire ( New York : Routledge , 2003 ) . - ( Co-edited with Laura E . Nym Mayhall and Ian Christopher Fletcher ) Womens Suffrage in the British Empire : Citizenship , Nation and Race ( London : Routledge , 2000 ) . - Feminist Lives in Victorian England . Private Roles and Public Commitment ( Oxford : Basil Blackwell , 1990 ) . - Victorian Feminism 1850–1900 ( London : Hutchinson Education , 1987 ) . - The Amateur and the Professional . Historians , Antiquarians and Archaeologists in Victorian England , 1838–1886 ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 1986 ) .
|
[
"Florida State"
] |
[
{
"text": " Philippa Judith Amanda Levine , FRAI , FRHistS , is a historian of the British Empire , gender , race , science and technology . She has spent most of her career in the United States and has been Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities ( 2010–17 ) and Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas ( since 2017 ) at the University of Texas at Austin .",
"title": "Philippa Levine"
},
{
"text": "Philippa Judith Amanda Levine grew up in the United Kingdom and studied at Kings College , Cambridge , from 1976 to 1979 , when she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) degree in history ; she then completed a doctorate ( DPhil ) at St Antonys College , Oxford , from 1979 to 1984 ( supported firstly by a postgraduate studentship from Kings College , Cambridge , and then from 1980 with a Department of Education and Science research studentship ) . The DPhil was awarded for her thesis The amateur and the professional : antiquarians ,",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "historians and archaeologists in nineteenth century England , 1838–1886 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Levines first academic post was as a lecturer in history at the University of East Anglia ( 1983–85 ) . She then spent two years as a research fellow in womens studies at Flinders University of South Australia , before moving to Florida State University as an assistant professor in 1987 . Three years later , she was promoted to associate professor . In 1991 , she moved to the University of Southern California as an associate professor of history and became a full professor in 1994 . She was appointed Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities at",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "the University of Texas at Austin in 2010 . Since 2017 , she has been Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas at the University of Texas at Austin .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Levine was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society ( FRHistS ) in 1994 , and a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland ( FRAI ) in 2014 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Levines research has focused on the history of the British Empire , race and gender , and science , medicine and society . Her publications include : - Eugenics : A Very Short Introduction ( New York : Oxford University Press , 2017 ) . - ( Co-edited with John Marriott ) The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Imperial Histories ( Farnham : Ashgate , 2012 ) . - ( Co-edited with Alison Bashford ) The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2010 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- ( Co-edited with Susan Grayzel ) Gender , Labour , War and Empire in Modern Britain : Essays on Modern Britain ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2009 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - Italian translation : L’impero britannico ( Bologna : Il Mulino , 2009 ) . - The British Empire , Sunrise to Sunset ( Harlow : Longman Pearson 2007 ) . - ( Co-edited with Kevin Grant and Frank Trentmann ) Beyond Sovereignty : Britain , Empire and Transnationalism , 1860–1950 ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2007 ) - ( Edited ) Gender and Empire , Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- Prostitution , Race and Politics : Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire ( New York : Routledge , 2003 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - ( Co-edited with Laura E . Nym Mayhall and Ian Christopher Fletcher ) Womens Suffrage in the British Empire : Citizenship , Nation and Race ( London : Routledge , 2000 ) . - Feminist Lives in Victorian England . Private Roles and Public Commitment ( Oxford : Basil Blackwell , 1990 ) . - Victorian Feminism 1850–1900 ( London : Hutchinson Education , 1987 ) . - The Amateur and the Professional . Historians , Antiquarians and Archaeologists in Victorian England , 1838–1886 ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 1986 ) .",
"title": "Research"
}
] |
/wiki/Philippa_Levine#P108#2
|
What was the name of the employer Philippa Levine work for between Nov 1992 and Mar 1997?
|
Philippa Levine Philippa Judith Amanda Levine , FRAI , FRHistS , is a historian of the British Empire , gender , race , science and technology . She has spent most of her career in the United States and has been Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities ( 2010–17 ) and Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas ( since 2017 ) at the University of Texas at Austin . Biography . Philippa Judith Amanda Levine grew up in the United Kingdom and studied at Kings College , Cambridge , from 1976 to 1979 , when she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) degree in history ; she then completed a doctorate ( DPhil ) at St Antonys College , Oxford , from 1979 to 1984 ( supported firstly by a postgraduate studentship from Kings College , Cambridge , and then from 1980 with a Department of Education and Science research studentship ) . The DPhil was awarded for her thesis The amateur and the professional : antiquarians , historians and archaeologists in nineteenth century England , 1838–1886 . Levines first academic post was as a lecturer in history at the University of East Anglia ( 1983–85 ) . She then spent two years as a research fellow in womens studies at Flinders University of South Australia , before moving to Florida State University as an assistant professor in 1987 . Three years later , she was promoted to associate professor . In 1991 , she moved to the University of Southern California as an associate professor of history and became a full professor in 1994 . She was appointed Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities at the University of Texas at Austin in 2010 . Since 2017 , she has been Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas at the University of Texas at Austin . Levine was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society ( FRHistS ) in 1994 , and a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland ( FRAI ) in 2014 . Research . Levines research has focused on the history of the British Empire , race and gender , and science , medicine and society . Her publications include : - Eugenics : A Very Short Introduction ( New York : Oxford University Press , 2017 ) . - ( Co-edited with John Marriott ) The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Imperial Histories ( Farnham : Ashgate , 2012 ) . - ( Co-edited with Alison Bashford ) The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2010 ) . - ( Co-edited with Susan Grayzel ) Gender , Labour , War and Empire in Modern Britain : Essays on Modern Britain ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2009 ) . - Italian translation : L’impero britannico ( Bologna : Il Mulino , 2009 ) . - The British Empire , Sunrise to Sunset ( Harlow : Longman Pearson 2007 ) . - ( Co-edited with Kevin Grant and Frank Trentmann ) Beyond Sovereignty : Britain , Empire and Transnationalism , 1860–1950 ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2007 ) - ( Edited ) Gender and Empire , Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2004 ) . - Prostitution , Race and Politics : Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire ( New York : Routledge , 2003 ) . - ( Co-edited with Laura E . Nym Mayhall and Ian Christopher Fletcher ) Womens Suffrage in the British Empire : Citizenship , Nation and Race ( London : Routledge , 2000 ) . - Feminist Lives in Victorian England . Private Roles and Public Commitment ( Oxford : Basil Blackwell , 1990 ) . - Victorian Feminism 1850–1900 ( London : Hutchinson Education , 1987 ) . - The Amateur and the Professional . Historians , Antiquarians and Archaeologists in Victorian England , 1838–1886 ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 1986 ) .
|
[
"University of Southern California"
] |
[
{
"text": " Philippa Judith Amanda Levine , FRAI , FRHistS , is a historian of the British Empire , gender , race , science and technology . She has spent most of her career in the United States and has been Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities ( 2010–17 ) and Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas ( since 2017 ) at the University of Texas at Austin .",
"title": "Philippa Levine"
},
{
"text": "Philippa Judith Amanda Levine grew up in the United Kingdom and studied at Kings College , Cambridge , from 1976 to 1979 , when she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) degree in history ; she then completed a doctorate ( DPhil ) at St Antonys College , Oxford , from 1979 to 1984 ( supported firstly by a postgraduate studentship from Kings College , Cambridge , and then from 1980 with a Department of Education and Science research studentship ) . The DPhil was awarded for her thesis The amateur and the professional : antiquarians ,",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "historians and archaeologists in nineteenth century England , 1838–1886 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Levines first academic post was as a lecturer in history at the University of East Anglia ( 1983–85 ) . She then spent two years as a research fellow in womens studies at Flinders University of South Australia , before moving to Florida State University as an assistant professor in 1987 . Three years later , she was promoted to associate professor . In 1991 , she moved to the University of Southern California as an associate professor of history and became a full professor in 1994 . She was appointed Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities at",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "the University of Texas at Austin in 2010 . Since 2017 , she has been Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas at the University of Texas at Austin .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Levine was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society ( FRHistS ) in 1994 , and a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland ( FRAI ) in 2014 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Levines research has focused on the history of the British Empire , race and gender , and science , medicine and society . Her publications include : - Eugenics : A Very Short Introduction ( New York : Oxford University Press , 2017 ) . - ( Co-edited with John Marriott ) The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Imperial Histories ( Farnham : Ashgate , 2012 ) . - ( Co-edited with Alison Bashford ) The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2010 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- ( Co-edited with Susan Grayzel ) Gender , Labour , War and Empire in Modern Britain : Essays on Modern Britain ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2009 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - Italian translation : L’impero britannico ( Bologna : Il Mulino , 2009 ) . - The British Empire , Sunrise to Sunset ( Harlow : Longman Pearson 2007 ) . - ( Co-edited with Kevin Grant and Frank Trentmann ) Beyond Sovereignty : Britain , Empire and Transnationalism , 1860–1950 ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2007 ) - ( Edited ) Gender and Empire , Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- Prostitution , Race and Politics : Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire ( New York : Routledge , 2003 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - ( Co-edited with Laura E . Nym Mayhall and Ian Christopher Fletcher ) Womens Suffrage in the British Empire : Citizenship , Nation and Race ( London : Routledge , 2000 ) . - Feminist Lives in Victorian England . Private Roles and Public Commitment ( Oxford : Basil Blackwell , 1990 ) . - Victorian Feminism 1850–1900 ( London : Hutchinson Education , 1987 ) . - The Amateur and the Professional . Historians , Antiquarians and Archaeologists in Victorian England , 1838–1886 ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 1986 ) .",
"title": "Research"
}
] |
/wiki/Philippa_Levine#P108#3
|
What was the name of the employer Philippa Levine work for after Oct 2010?
|
Philippa Levine Philippa Judith Amanda Levine , FRAI , FRHistS , is a historian of the British Empire , gender , race , science and technology . She has spent most of her career in the United States and has been Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities ( 2010–17 ) and Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas ( since 2017 ) at the University of Texas at Austin . Biography . Philippa Judith Amanda Levine grew up in the United Kingdom and studied at Kings College , Cambridge , from 1976 to 1979 , when she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) degree in history ; she then completed a doctorate ( DPhil ) at St Antonys College , Oxford , from 1979 to 1984 ( supported firstly by a postgraduate studentship from Kings College , Cambridge , and then from 1980 with a Department of Education and Science research studentship ) . The DPhil was awarded for her thesis The amateur and the professional : antiquarians , historians and archaeologists in nineteenth century England , 1838–1886 . Levines first academic post was as a lecturer in history at the University of East Anglia ( 1983–85 ) . She then spent two years as a research fellow in womens studies at Flinders University of South Australia , before moving to Florida State University as an assistant professor in 1987 . Three years later , she was promoted to associate professor . In 1991 , she moved to the University of Southern California as an associate professor of history and became a full professor in 1994 . She was appointed Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities at the University of Texas at Austin in 2010 . Since 2017 , she has been Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas at the University of Texas at Austin . Levine was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society ( FRHistS ) in 1994 , and a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland ( FRAI ) in 2014 . Research . Levines research has focused on the history of the British Empire , race and gender , and science , medicine and society . Her publications include : - Eugenics : A Very Short Introduction ( New York : Oxford University Press , 2017 ) . - ( Co-edited with John Marriott ) The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Imperial Histories ( Farnham : Ashgate , 2012 ) . - ( Co-edited with Alison Bashford ) The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2010 ) . - ( Co-edited with Susan Grayzel ) Gender , Labour , War and Empire in Modern Britain : Essays on Modern Britain ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2009 ) . - Italian translation : L’impero britannico ( Bologna : Il Mulino , 2009 ) . - The British Empire , Sunrise to Sunset ( Harlow : Longman Pearson 2007 ) . - ( Co-edited with Kevin Grant and Frank Trentmann ) Beyond Sovereignty : Britain , Empire and Transnationalism , 1860–1950 ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2007 ) - ( Edited ) Gender and Empire , Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2004 ) . - Prostitution , Race and Politics : Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire ( New York : Routledge , 2003 ) . - ( Co-edited with Laura E . Nym Mayhall and Ian Christopher Fletcher ) Womens Suffrage in the British Empire : Citizenship , Nation and Race ( London : Routledge , 2000 ) . - Feminist Lives in Victorian England . Private Roles and Public Commitment ( Oxford : Basil Blackwell , 1990 ) . - Victorian Feminism 1850–1900 ( London : Hutchinson Education , 1987 ) . - The Amateur and the Professional . Historians , Antiquarians and Archaeologists in Victorian England , 1838–1886 ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 1986 ) .
|
[
"University of Texas at Austin"
] |
[
{
"text": " Philippa Judith Amanda Levine , FRAI , FRHistS , is a historian of the British Empire , gender , race , science and technology . She has spent most of her career in the United States and has been Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities ( 2010–17 ) and Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas ( since 2017 ) at the University of Texas at Austin .",
"title": "Philippa Levine"
},
{
"text": "Philippa Judith Amanda Levine grew up in the United Kingdom and studied at Kings College , Cambridge , from 1976 to 1979 , when she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) degree in history ; she then completed a doctorate ( DPhil ) at St Antonys College , Oxford , from 1979 to 1984 ( supported firstly by a postgraduate studentship from Kings College , Cambridge , and then from 1980 with a Department of Education and Science research studentship ) . The DPhil was awarded for her thesis The amateur and the professional : antiquarians ,",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "historians and archaeologists in nineteenth century England , 1838–1886 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Levines first academic post was as a lecturer in history at the University of East Anglia ( 1983–85 ) . She then spent two years as a research fellow in womens studies at Flinders University of South Australia , before moving to Florida State University as an assistant professor in 1987 . Three years later , she was promoted to associate professor . In 1991 , she moved to the University of Southern California as an associate professor of history and became a full professor in 1994 . She was appointed Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities at",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "the University of Texas at Austin in 2010 . Since 2017 , she has been Walter Prescott Webb Professor in History and Ideas at the University of Texas at Austin .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Levine was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society ( FRHistS ) in 1994 , and a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland ( FRAI ) in 2014 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Levines research has focused on the history of the British Empire , race and gender , and science , medicine and society . Her publications include : - Eugenics : A Very Short Introduction ( New York : Oxford University Press , 2017 ) . - ( Co-edited with John Marriott ) The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Imperial Histories ( Farnham : Ashgate , 2012 ) . - ( Co-edited with Alison Bashford ) The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2010 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- ( Co-edited with Susan Grayzel ) Gender , Labour , War and Empire in Modern Britain : Essays on Modern Britain ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2009 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - Italian translation : L’impero britannico ( Bologna : Il Mulino , 2009 ) . - The British Empire , Sunrise to Sunset ( Harlow : Longman Pearson 2007 ) . - ( Co-edited with Kevin Grant and Frank Trentmann ) Beyond Sovereignty : Britain , Empire and Transnationalism , 1860–1950 ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2007 ) - ( Edited ) Gender and Empire , Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series ( Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2004 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": "- Prostitution , Race and Politics : Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire ( New York : Routledge , 2003 ) .",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"text": " - ( Co-edited with Laura E . Nym Mayhall and Ian Christopher Fletcher ) Womens Suffrage in the British Empire : Citizenship , Nation and Race ( London : Routledge , 2000 ) . - Feminist Lives in Victorian England . Private Roles and Public Commitment ( Oxford : Basil Blackwell , 1990 ) . - Victorian Feminism 1850–1900 ( London : Hutchinson Education , 1987 ) . - The Amateur and the Professional . Historians , Antiquarians and Archaeologists in Victorian England , 1838–1886 ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 1986 ) .",
"title": "Research"
}
] |
/wiki/Palestine_pound#P17#0
|
Which country did Palestine pound belong to in early 1940s?
|
Palestine pound The Palestine pound ( , ; , , also ) was the currency of the British Mandate of Palestine from 1 November 1927 to 14 May 1948 , and of the State of Israel between 15 May 1948 , and 23 June 1952 , when it was replaced with the Israeli lira or pound . The Palestine pound was also the currency of Transjordan until 1949 when it was replaced by the Jordanian dinar , and remained in usage in the West Bank of Jordan until 1950 . In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound . History . Until 1918 , Palestine was an integral part of the Ottoman Empire and therefore used its currency , the Ottoman lira . During 1917 and 1918 , Palestine was occupied by the British army , who set up a military administration . The official currency was the Egyptian pound , which had been first introduced into Egypt in 1834 , but several other currencies were legal tender at fixed exchange rates that were vigorously enforced . After the establishment of a civil administration in 1921 , the High Commissioner Herbert Samuel ordered that from 22 January 1921 only Egyptian currency and the British gold sovereign would be legal tender . In 1926 , the British Secretary of State for the Colonies appointed a Palestine Currency Board to introduce a local currency . It was based in London and chaired by P . G . Ezechiel , with a Currency Officer resident in Palestine . The board decided that the new currency would be called the Palestine pound , fixed in value to the British pound and divided into 1000 mils . The one pound gold coin would contain 123.27447 grains of standard gold . The enabling legislation was the Palestine Currency Order , 1927 , signed by the King in February 1927 . The Palestine pound became legal tender on 1 November 1927 . The Egyptian pound ( at the fixed rate of 0.975 to the Palestine pound ) and the British gold sovereign remained legal tender until 1 March 1928 . The Palestine Currency Order explicitly excluded Transjordan from its application , but the Government of Transjordan decided to adopt the Palestine pound at the same time as Palestine did . The Egyptian pound remained legal tender in Transjordan until 1930 . All the denominations were trilingual in Arabic , English and Hebrew . The Hebrew inscription included after Palestina the initials Aleph Yud , for Eretz Yisrael ( Land of Israel ) . The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948 , with the end of the British Mandate , but the Palestinian pound continued in circulation for transitional periods : - Israel adopted the Israeli pound ( or Israeli lira ) in 1952 . In August 1948 , new banknotes were issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank , owned by the Jewish Agency and based in London . - Jordan adopted the Jordanian dinar in 1949 . - In the West Bank , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until 1950 , when the West Bank was annexed by Jordan , and the Jordanian dinar became legal tender there . The Jordanian dinar is still legal tender in the West Bank along with the Israeli shekel . - In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound , three years after the Egyptian army took control of the territory . Since the mid-1980s , the primary currencies used in the West Bank have been the Israeli new shekel and the Jordanian dinar . The shekel is used for most transactions , especially retail , while the dinar is used more for savings and durable goods transactions . The United States dollar is also sometimes used for savings and for purchasing foreign goods . The dollar is used by the overwhelming majority of transactions overseen by the Palestinian Monetary Authority ( Palestines nascent central bank ) , which only represent a fraction of all transactions conducted in Palestine or by Palestinians . The shekel is the main currency in Gaza . Under Egyptian rule ( 1948–1956 ) , Gaza mainly used the Egyptian pound . When Israel occupied the Gaza Strip during the 1956 Suez Crisis , the military administration made the Israeli pound ( the predecessor to the shekel ) the only legal currency in Gaza in a 3 December decree , and implemented a favorable exchange rate to remove all Egyptian pounds from circulation . As a result , the pound and then the shekel became the dominant currency in Gaza , a situation that was reinforced in 1967 by the Israeli occupation of Gaza following the Six-Day War . Under Article IV of the Protocol on Economic Relations , the Palestinians are not allowed to independently introduce a separate Palestinian currency . At the same time , the use of two currencies increases the costs and inconvenience arising from fluctuating exchange rates . Coins . In 1927 , coins were introduced in denominations of 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 50 and 100 mils . The 1 and 2 mils were struck in bronze , whilst the 5 , 10 and 20 mils were holed , cupro-nickel coins , except for during World War II , when they were also minted in bronze . The coin of 10 mils was also called a grush . The 50 and 100 mils coins were struck in .720 silver . The last coins were issued for circulation in 1946 , with all 1947 dated coins being melted down . Banknotes . On 1 November 1927 , banknotes were introduced by the Palestine Currency Board in denominations of 500 mils , 1 , 5 , 10 , 50 and 100 pounds . Notes were issued with dates as late as 15 August 1945 . The 100 pound note was equivalent to 40 months’ wages of a skilled worker in Palestine . Currently six of them are unaccounted for and four are known to exist in the hand of collectors . Their serial numbers and dates are : - A000719 - 1 September 1927 - A000935 - 1 September 1927 - A001020 – 30 September 1929 - A001088 – 30 September 1929
|
[
"British Mandate of Palestine",
"the West Bank"
] |
[
{
"text": "The Palestine pound ( , ; , , also ) was the currency of the British Mandate of Palestine from 1 November 1927 to 14 May 1948 , and of the State of Israel between 15 May 1948 , and 23 June 1952 , when it was replaced with the Israeli lira or pound . The Palestine pound was also the currency of Transjordan until 1949 when it was replaced by the Jordanian dinar , and remained in usage in the West Bank of Jordan until 1950 . In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until",
"title": "Palestine pound"
},
{
"text": "April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound .",
"title": "Palestine pound"
},
{
"text": "Until 1918 , Palestine was an integral part of the Ottoman Empire and therefore used its currency , the Ottoman lira . During 1917 and 1918 , Palestine was occupied by the British army , who set up a military administration . The official currency was the Egyptian pound , which had been first introduced into Egypt in 1834 , but several other currencies were legal tender at fixed exchange rates that were vigorously enforced . After the establishment of a civil administration in 1921 , the High Commissioner Herbert Samuel ordered that from 22 January 1921 only Egyptian currency",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "and the British gold sovereign would be legal tender .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1926 , the British Secretary of State for the Colonies appointed a Palestine Currency Board to introduce a local currency . It was based in London and chaired by P . G . Ezechiel , with a Currency Officer resident in Palestine . The board decided that the new currency would be called the Palestine pound , fixed in value to the British pound and divided into 1000 mils . The one pound gold coin would contain 123.27447 grains of standard gold . The enabling legislation was the Palestine Currency Order , 1927 , signed by the King in",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "February 1927 . The Palestine pound became legal tender on 1 November 1927 . The Egyptian pound ( at the fixed rate of 0.975 to the Palestine pound ) and the British gold sovereign remained legal tender until 1 March 1928 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The Palestine Currency Order explicitly excluded Transjordan from its application , but the Government of Transjordan decided to adopt the Palestine pound at the same time as Palestine did . The Egyptian pound remained legal tender in Transjordan until 1930 . All the denominations were trilingual in Arabic , English and Hebrew . The Hebrew inscription included after Palestina the initials Aleph Yud , for Eretz Yisrael ( Land of Israel ) .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948 , with the end of the British Mandate , but the Palestinian pound continued in circulation for transitional periods :",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Israel adopted the Israeli pound ( or Israeli lira ) in 1952 . In August 1948 , new banknotes were issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank , owned by the Jewish Agency and based in London . - Jordan adopted the Jordanian dinar in 1949 . - In the West Bank , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until 1950 , when the West Bank was annexed by Jordan , and the Jordanian dinar became legal tender there . The Jordanian dinar is still legal tender in the West Bank along with the Israeli shekel .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "- In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound , three years after the Egyptian army took control of the territory .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Since the mid-1980s , the primary currencies used in the West Bank have been the Israeli new shekel and the Jordanian dinar . The shekel is used for most transactions , especially retail , while the dinar is used more for savings and durable goods transactions . The United States dollar is also sometimes used for savings and for purchasing foreign goods . The dollar is used by the overwhelming majority of transactions overseen by the Palestinian Monetary Authority ( Palestines nascent central bank ) , which only represent a fraction of all transactions conducted in Palestine or by Palestinians",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The shekel is the main currency in Gaza . Under Egyptian rule ( 1948–1956 ) , Gaza mainly used the Egyptian pound . When Israel occupied the Gaza Strip during the 1956 Suez Crisis , the military administration made the Israeli pound ( the predecessor to the shekel ) the only legal currency in Gaza in a 3 December decree , and implemented a favorable exchange rate to remove all Egyptian pounds from circulation . As a result , the pound and then the shekel became the dominant currency in Gaza , a situation that was reinforced in 1967 by",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "the Israeli occupation of Gaza following the Six-Day War .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Under Article IV of the Protocol on Economic Relations , the Palestinians are not allowed to independently introduce a separate Palestinian currency . At the same time , the use of two currencies increases the costs and inconvenience arising from fluctuating exchange rates .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1927 , coins were introduced in denominations of 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 50 and 100 mils . The 1 and 2 mils were struck in bronze , whilst the 5 , 10 and 20 mils were holed , cupro-nickel coins , except for during World War II , when they were also minted in bronze . The coin of 10 mils was also called a grush . The 50 and 100 mils coins were struck in .720 silver .",
"title": "Coins"
},
{
"text": "The last coins were issued for circulation in 1946 , with all 1947 dated coins being melted down .",
"title": "Coins"
},
{
"text": " On 1 November 1927 , banknotes were introduced by the Palestine Currency Board in denominations of 500 mils , 1 , 5 , 10 , 50 and 100 pounds . Notes were issued with dates as late as 15 August 1945 . The 100 pound note was equivalent to 40 months’ wages of a skilled worker in Palestine . Currently six of them are unaccounted for and four are known to exist in the hand of collectors . Their serial numbers and dates are : - A000719 - 1 September 1927 - A000935 - 1 September 1927",
"title": "Banknotes"
},
{
"text": "- A001020 – 30 September 1929",
"title": "Banknotes"
},
{
"text": " - A001088 – 30 September 1929",
"title": "Banknotes"
}
] |
/wiki/Palestine_pound#P17#1
|
Which country did Palestine pound belong to in May 1948?
|
Palestine pound The Palestine pound ( , ; , , also ) was the currency of the British Mandate of Palestine from 1 November 1927 to 14 May 1948 , and of the State of Israel between 15 May 1948 , and 23 June 1952 , when it was replaced with the Israeli lira or pound . The Palestine pound was also the currency of Transjordan until 1949 when it was replaced by the Jordanian dinar , and remained in usage in the West Bank of Jordan until 1950 . In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound . History . Until 1918 , Palestine was an integral part of the Ottoman Empire and therefore used its currency , the Ottoman lira . During 1917 and 1918 , Palestine was occupied by the British army , who set up a military administration . The official currency was the Egyptian pound , which had been first introduced into Egypt in 1834 , but several other currencies were legal tender at fixed exchange rates that were vigorously enforced . After the establishment of a civil administration in 1921 , the High Commissioner Herbert Samuel ordered that from 22 January 1921 only Egyptian currency and the British gold sovereign would be legal tender . In 1926 , the British Secretary of State for the Colonies appointed a Palestine Currency Board to introduce a local currency . It was based in London and chaired by P . G . Ezechiel , with a Currency Officer resident in Palestine . The board decided that the new currency would be called the Palestine pound , fixed in value to the British pound and divided into 1000 mils . The one pound gold coin would contain 123.27447 grains of standard gold . The enabling legislation was the Palestine Currency Order , 1927 , signed by the King in February 1927 . The Palestine pound became legal tender on 1 November 1927 . The Egyptian pound ( at the fixed rate of 0.975 to the Palestine pound ) and the British gold sovereign remained legal tender until 1 March 1928 . The Palestine Currency Order explicitly excluded Transjordan from its application , but the Government of Transjordan decided to adopt the Palestine pound at the same time as Palestine did . The Egyptian pound remained legal tender in Transjordan until 1930 . All the denominations were trilingual in Arabic , English and Hebrew . The Hebrew inscription included after Palestina the initials Aleph Yud , for Eretz Yisrael ( Land of Israel ) . The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948 , with the end of the British Mandate , but the Palestinian pound continued in circulation for transitional periods : - Israel adopted the Israeli pound ( or Israeli lira ) in 1952 . In August 1948 , new banknotes were issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank , owned by the Jewish Agency and based in London . - Jordan adopted the Jordanian dinar in 1949 . - In the West Bank , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until 1950 , when the West Bank was annexed by Jordan , and the Jordanian dinar became legal tender there . The Jordanian dinar is still legal tender in the West Bank along with the Israeli shekel . - In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound , three years after the Egyptian army took control of the territory . Since the mid-1980s , the primary currencies used in the West Bank have been the Israeli new shekel and the Jordanian dinar . The shekel is used for most transactions , especially retail , while the dinar is used more for savings and durable goods transactions . The United States dollar is also sometimes used for savings and for purchasing foreign goods . The dollar is used by the overwhelming majority of transactions overseen by the Palestinian Monetary Authority ( Palestines nascent central bank ) , which only represent a fraction of all transactions conducted in Palestine or by Palestinians . The shekel is the main currency in Gaza . Under Egyptian rule ( 1948–1956 ) , Gaza mainly used the Egyptian pound . When Israel occupied the Gaza Strip during the 1956 Suez Crisis , the military administration made the Israeli pound ( the predecessor to the shekel ) the only legal currency in Gaza in a 3 December decree , and implemented a favorable exchange rate to remove all Egyptian pounds from circulation . As a result , the pound and then the shekel became the dominant currency in Gaza , a situation that was reinforced in 1967 by the Israeli occupation of Gaza following the Six-Day War . Under Article IV of the Protocol on Economic Relations , the Palestinians are not allowed to independently introduce a separate Palestinian currency . At the same time , the use of two currencies increases the costs and inconvenience arising from fluctuating exchange rates . Coins . In 1927 , coins were introduced in denominations of 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 50 and 100 mils . The 1 and 2 mils were struck in bronze , whilst the 5 , 10 and 20 mils were holed , cupro-nickel coins , except for during World War II , when they were also minted in bronze . The coin of 10 mils was also called a grush . The 50 and 100 mils coins were struck in .720 silver . The last coins were issued for circulation in 1946 , with all 1947 dated coins being melted down . Banknotes . On 1 November 1927 , banknotes were introduced by the Palestine Currency Board in denominations of 500 mils , 1 , 5 , 10 , 50 and 100 pounds . Notes were issued with dates as late as 15 August 1945 . The 100 pound note was equivalent to 40 months’ wages of a skilled worker in Palestine . Currently six of them are unaccounted for and four are known to exist in the hand of collectors . Their serial numbers and dates are : - A000719 - 1 September 1927 - A000935 - 1 September 1927 - A001020 – 30 September 1929 - A001088 – 30 September 1929
|
[
"the West Bank"
] |
[
{
"text": "The Palestine pound ( , ; , , also ) was the currency of the British Mandate of Palestine from 1 November 1927 to 14 May 1948 , and of the State of Israel between 15 May 1948 , and 23 June 1952 , when it was replaced with the Israeli lira or pound . The Palestine pound was also the currency of Transjordan until 1949 when it was replaced by the Jordanian dinar , and remained in usage in the West Bank of Jordan until 1950 . In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until",
"title": "Palestine pound"
},
{
"text": "April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound .",
"title": "Palestine pound"
},
{
"text": "Until 1918 , Palestine was an integral part of the Ottoman Empire and therefore used its currency , the Ottoman lira . During 1917 and 1918 , Palestine was occupied by the British army , who set up a military administration . The official currency was the Egyptian pound , which had been first introduced into Egypt in 1834 , but several other currencies were legal tender at fixed exchange rates that were vigorously enforced . After the establishment of a civil administration in 1921 , the High Commissioner Herbert Samuel ordered that from 22 January 1921 only Egyptian currency",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "and the British gold sovereign would be legal tender .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1926 , the British Secretary of State for the Colonies appointed a Palestine Currency Board to introduce a local currency . It was based in London and chaired by P . G . Ezechiel , with a Currency Officer resident in Palestine . The board decided that the new currency would be called the Palestine pound , fixed in value to the British pound and divided into 1000 mils . The one pound gold coin would contain 123.27447 grains of standard gold . The enabling legislation was the Palestine Currency Order , 1927 , signed by the King in",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "February 1927 . The Palestine pound became legal tender on 1 November 1927 . The Egyptian pound ( at the fixed rate of 0.975 to the Palestine pound ) and the British gold sovereign remained legal tender until 1 March 1928 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The Palestine Currency Order explicitly excluded Transjordan from its application , but the Government of Transjordan decided to adopt the Palestine pound at the same time as Palestine did . The Egyptian pound remained legal tender in Transjordan until 1930 . All the denominations were trilingual in Arabic , English and Hebrew . The Hebrew inscription included after Palestina the initials Aleph Yud , for Eretz Yisrael ( Land of Israel ) .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948 , with the end of the British Mandate , but the Palestinian pound continued in circulation for transitional periods :",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Israel adopted the Israeli pound ( or Israeli lira ) in 1952 . In August 1948 , new banknotes were issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank , owned by the Jewish Agency and based in London . - Jordan adopted the Jordanian dinar in 1949 . - In the West Bank , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until 1950 , when the West Bank was annexed by Jordan , and the Jordanian dinar became legal tender there . The Jordanian dinar is still legal tender in the West Bank along with the Israeli shekel .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "- In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound , three years after the Egyptian army took control of the territory .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Since the mid-1980s , the primary currencies used in the West Bank have been the Israeli new shekel and the Jordanian dinar . The shekel is used for most transactions , especially retail , while the dinar is used more for savings and durable goods transactions . The United States dollar is also sometimes used for savings and for purchasing foreign goods . The dollar is used by the overwhelming majority of transactions overseen by the Palestinian Monetary Authority ( Palestines nascent central bank ) , which only represent a fraction of all transactions conducted in Palestine or by Palestinians",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The shekel is the main currency in Gaza . Under Egyptian rule ( 1948–1956 ) , Gaza mainly used the Egyptian pound . When Israel occupied the Gaza Strip during the 1956 Suez Crisis , the military administration made the Israeli pound ( the predecessor to the shekel ) the only legal currency in Gaza in a 3 December decree , and implemented a favorable exchange rate to remove all Egyptian pounds from circulation . As a result , the pound and then the shekel became the dominant currency in Gaza , a situation that was reinforced in 1967 by",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "the Israeli occupation of Gaza following the Six-Day War .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Under Article IV of the Protocol on Economic Relations , the Palestinians are not allowed to independently introduce a separate Palestinian currency . At the same time , the use of two currencies increases the costs and inconvenience arising from fluctuating exchange rates .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1927 , coins were introduced in denominations of 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 50 and 100 mils . The 1 and 2 mils were struck in bronze , whilst the 5 , 10 and 20 mils were holed , cupro-nickel coins , except for during World War II , when they were also minted in bronze . The coin of 10 mils was also called a grush . The 50 and 100 mils coins were struck in .720 silver .",
"title": "Coins"
},
{
"text": "The last coins were issued for circulation in 1946 , with all 1947 dated coins being melted down .",
"title": "Coins"
},
{
"text": " On 1 November 1927 , banknotes were introduced by the Palestine Currency Board in denominations of 500 mils , 1 , 5 , 10 , 50 and 100 pounds . Notes were issued with dates as late as 15 August 1945 . The 100 pound note was equivalent to 40 months’ wages of a skilled worker in Palestine . Currently six of them are unaccounted for and four are known to exist in the hand of collectors . Their serial numbers and dates are : - A000719 - 1 September 1927 - A000935 - 1 September 1927",
"title": "Banknotes"
},
{
"text": "- A001020 – 30 September 1929",
"title": "Banknotes"
},
{
"text": " - A001088 – 30 September 1929",
"title": "Banknotes"
}
] |
/wiki/Palestine_pound#P17#2
|
Which country did Palestine pound belong to between Dec 1948 and Dec 1948?
|
Palestine pound The Palestine pound ( , ; , , also ) was the currency of the British Mandate of Palestine from 1 November 1927 to 14 May 1948 , and of the State of Israel between 15 May 1948 , and 23 June 1952 , when it was replaced with the Israeli lira or pound . The Palestine pound was also the currency of Transjordan until 1949 when it was replaced by the Jordanian dinar , and remained in usage in the West Bank of Jordan until 1950 . In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound . History . Until 1918 , Palestine was an integral part of the Ottoman Empire and therefore used its currency , the Ottoman lira . During 1917 and 1918 , Palestine was occupied by the British army , who set up a military administration . The official currency was the Egyptian pound , which had been first introduced into Egypt in 1834 , but several other currencies were legal tender at fixed exchange rates that were vigorously enforced . After the establishment of a civil administration in 1921 , the High Commissioner Herbert Samuel ordered that from 22 January 1921 only Egyptian currency and the British gold sovereign would be legal tender . In 1926 , the British Secretary of State for the Colonies appointed a Palestine Currency Board to introduce a local currency . It was based in London and chaired by P . G . Ezechiel , with a Currency Officer resident in Palestine . The board decided that the new currency would be called the Palestine pound , fixed in value to the British pound and divided into 1000 mils . The one pound gold coin would contain 123.27447 grains of standard gold . The enabling legislation was the Palestine Currency Order , 1927 , signed by the King in February 1927 . The Palestine pound became legal tender on 1 November 1927 . The Egyptian pound ( at the fixed rate of 0.975 to the Palestine pound ) and the British gold sovereign remained legal tender until 1 March 1928 . The Palestine Currency Order explicitly excluded Transjordan from its application , but the Government of Transjordan decided to adopt the Palestine pound at the same time as Palestine did . The Egyptian pound remained legal tender in Transjordan until 1930 . All the denominations were trilingual in Arabic , English and Hebrew . The Hebrew inscription included after Palestina the initials Aleph Yud , for Eretz Yisrael ( Land of Israel ) . The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948 , with the end of the British Mandate , but the Palestinian pound continued in circulation for transitional periods : - Israel adopted the Israeli pound ( or Israeli lira ) in 1952 . In August 1948 , new banknotes were issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank , owned by the Jewish Agency and based in London . - Jordan adopted the Jordanian dinar in 1949 . - In the West Bank , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until 1950 , when the West Bank was annexed by Jordan , and the Jordanian dinar became legal tender there . The Jordanian dinar is still legal tender in the West Bank along with the Israeli shekel . - In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound , three years after the Egyptian army took control of the territory . Since the mid-1980s , the primary currencies used in the West Bank have been the Israeli new shekel and the Jordanian dinar . The shekel is used for most transactions , especially retail , while the dinar is used more for savings and durable goods transactions . The United States dollar is also sometimes used for savings and for purchasing foreign goods . The dollar is used by the overwhelming majority of transactions overseen by the Palestinian Monetary Authority ( Palestines nascent central bank ) , which only represent a fraction of all transactions conducted in Palestine or by Palestinians . The shekel is the main currency in Gaza . Under Egyptian rule ( 1948–1956 ) , Gaza mainly used the Egyptian pound . When Israel occupied the Gaza Strip during the 1956 Suez Crisis , the military administration made the Israeli pound ( the predecessor to the shekel ) the only legal currency in Gaza in a 3 December decree , and implemented a favorable exchange rate to remove all Egyptian pounds from circulation . As a result , the pound and then the shekel became the dominant currency in Gaza , a situation that was reinforced in 1967 by the Israeli occupation of Gaza following the Six-Day War . Under Article IV of the Protocol on Economic Relations , the Palestinians are not allowed to independently introduce a separate Palestinian currency . At the same time , the use of two currencies increases the costs and inconvenience arising from fluctuating exchange rates . Coins . In 1927 , coins were introduced in denominations of 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 50 and 100 mils . The 1 and 2 mils were struck in bronze , whilst the 5 , 10 and 20 mils were holed , cupro-nickel coins , except for during World War II , when they were also minted in bronze . The coin of 10 mils was also called a grush . The 50 and 100 mils coins were struck in .720 silver . The last coins were issued for circulation in 1946 , with all 1947 dated coins being melted down . Banknotes . On 1 November 1927 , banknotes were introduced by the Palestine Currency Board in denominations of 500 mils , 1 , 5 , 10 , 50 and 100 pounds . Notes were issued with dates as late as 15 August 1945 . The 100 pound note was equivalent to 40 months’ wages of a skilled worker in Palestine . Currently six of them are unaccounted for and four are known to exist in the hand of collectors . Their serial numbers and dates are : - A000719 - 1 September 1927 - A000935 - 1 September 1927 - A001020 – 30 September 1929 - A001088 – 30 September 1929
|
[
"the State of Israel"
] |
[
{
"text": "The Palestine pound ( , ; , , also ) was the currency of the British Mandate of Palestine from 1 November 1927 to 14 May 1948 , and of the State of Israel between 15 May 1948 , and 23 June 1952 , when it was replaced with the Israeli lira or pound . The Palestine pound was also the currency of Transjordan until 1949 when it was replaced by the Jordanian dinar , and remained in usage in the West Bank of Jordan until 1950 . In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until",
"title": "Palestine pound"
},
{
"text": "April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound .",
"title": "Palestine pound"
},
{
"text": "Until 1918 , Palestine was an integral part of the Ottoman Empire and therefore used its currency , the Ottoman lira . During 1917 and 1918 , Palestine was occupied by the British army , who set up a military administration . The official currency was the Egyptian pound , which had been first introduced into Egypt in 1834 , but several other currencies were legal tender at fixed exchange rates that were vigorously enforced . After the establishment of a civil administration in 1921 , the High Commissioner Herbert Samuel ordered that from 22 January 1921 only Egyptian currency",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "and the British gold sovereign would be legal tender .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1926 , the British Secretary of State for the Colonies appointed a Palestine Currency Board to introduce a local currency . It was based in London and chaired by P . G . Ezechiel , with a Currency Officer resident in Palestine . The board decided that the new currency would be called the Palestine pound , fixed in value to the British pound and divided into 1000 mils . The one pound gold coin would contain 123.27447 grains of standard gold . The enabling legislation was the Palestine Currency Order , 1927 , signed by the King in",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "February 1927 . The Palestine pound became legal tender on 1 November 1927 . The Egyptian pound ( at the fixed rate of 0.975 to the Palestine pound ) and the British gold sovereign remained legal tender until 1 March 1928 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The Palestine Currency Order explicitly excluded Transjordan from its application , but the Government of Transjordan decided to adopt the Palestine pound at the same time as Palestine did . The Egyptian pound remained legal tender in Transjordan until 1930 . All the denominations were trilingual in Arabic , English and Hebrew . The Hebrew inscription included after Palestina the initials Aleph Yud , for Eretz Yisrael ( Land of Israel ) .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948 , with the end of the British Mandate , but the Palestinian pound continued in circulation for transitional periods :",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Israel adopted the Israeli pound ( or Israeli lira ) in 1952 . In August 1948 , new banknotes were issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank , owned by the Jewish Agency and based in London . - Jordan adopted the Jordanian dinar in 1949 . - In the West Bank , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until 1950 , when the West Bank was annexed by Jordan , and the Jordanian dinar became legal tender there . The Jordanian dinar is still legal tender in the West Bank along with the Israeli shekel .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "- In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound , three years after the Egyptian army took control of the territory .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Since the mid-1980s , the primary currencies used in the West Bank have been the Israeli new shekel and the Jordanian dinar . The shekel is used for most transactions , especially retail , while the dinar is used more for savings and durable goods transactions . The United States dollar is also sometimes used for savings and for purchasing foreign goods . The dollar is used by the overwhelming majority of transactions overseen by the Palestinian Monetary Authority ( Palestines nascent central bank ) , which only represent a fraction of all transactions conducted in Palestine or by Palestinians",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The shekel is the main currency in Gaza . Under Egyptian rule ( 1948–1956 ) , Gaza mainly used the Egyptian pound . When Israel occupied the Gaza Strip during the 1956 Suez Crisis , the military administration made the Israeli pound ( the predecessor to the shekel ) the only legal currency in Gaza in a 3 December decree , and implemented a favorable exchange rate to remove all Egyptian pounds from circulation . As a result , the pound and then the shekel became the dominant currency in Gaza , a situation that was reinforced in 1967 by",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "the Israeli occupation of Gaza following the Six-Day War .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Under Article IV of the Protocol on Economic Relations , the Palestinians are not allowed to independently introduce a separate Palestinian currency . At the same time , the use of two currencies increases the costs and inconvenience arising from fluctuating exchange rates .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1927 , coins were introduced in denominations of 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 50 and 100 mils . The 1 and 2 mils were struck in bronze , whilst the 5 , 10 and 20 mils were holed , cupro-nickel coins , except for during World War II , when they were also minted in bronze . The coin of 10 mils was also called a grush . The 50 and 100 mils coins were struck in .720 silver .",
"title": "Coins"
},
{
"text": "The last coins were issued for circulation in 1946 , with all 1947 dated coins being melted down .",
"title": "Coins"
},
{
"text": " On 1 November 1927 , banknotes were introduced by the Palestine Currency Board in denominations of 500 mils , 1 , 5 , 10 , 50 and 100 pounds . Notes were issued with dates as late as 15 August 1945 . The 100 pound note was equivalent to 40 months’ wages of a skilled worker in Palestine . Currently six of them are unaccounted for and four are known to exist in the hand of collectors . Their serial numbers and dates are : - A000719 - 1 September 1927 - A000935 - 1 September 1927",
"title": "Banknotes"
},
{
"text": "- A001020 – 30 September 1929",
"title": "Banknotes"
},
{
"text": " - A001088 – 30 September 1929",
"title": "Banknotes"
}
] |
/wiki/Palestine_pound#P17#3
|
Which country did Palestine pound belong to between Mar 1949 and May 1949?
|
Palestine pound The Palestine pound ( , ; , , also ) was the currency of the British Mandate of Palestine from 1 November 1927 to 14 May 1948 , and of the State of Israel between 15 May 1948 , and 23 June 1952 , when it was replaced with the Israeli lira or pound . The Palestine pound was also the currency of Transjordan until 1949 when it was replaced by the Jordanian dinar , and remained in usage in the West Bank of Jordan until 1950 . In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound . History . Until 1918 , Palestine was an integral part of the Ottoman Empire and therefore used its currency , the Ottoman lira . During 1917 and 1918 , Palestine was occupied by the British army , who set up a military administration . The official currency was the Egyptian pound , which had been first introduced into Egypt in 1834 , but several other currencies were legal tender at fixed exchange rates that were vigorously enforced . After the establishment of a civil administration in 1921 , the High Commissioner Herbert Samuel ordered that from 22 January 1921 only Egyptian currency and the British gold sovereign would be legal tender . In 1926 , the British Secretary of State for the Colonies appointed a Palestine Currency Board to introduce a local currency . It was based in London and chaired by P . G . Ezechiel , with a Currency Officer resident in Palestine . The board decided that the new currency would be called the Palestine pound , fixed in value to the British pound and divided into 1000 mils . The one pound gold coin would contain 123.27447 grains of standard gold . The enabling legislation was the Palestine Currency Order , 1927 , signed by the King in February 1927 . The Palestine pound became legal tender on 1 November 1927 . The Egyptian pound ( at the fixed rate of 0.975 to the Palestine pound ) and the British gold sovereign remained legal tender until 1 March 1928 . The Palestine Currency Order explicitly excluded Transjordan from its application , but the Government of Transjordan decided to adopt the Palestine pound at the same time as Palestine did . The Egyptian pound remained legal tender in Transjordan until 1930 . All the denominations were trilingual in Arabic , English and Hebrew . The Hebrew inscription included after Palestina the initials Aleph Yud , for Eretz Yisrael ( Land of Israel ) . The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948 , with the end of the British Mandate , but the Palestinian pound continued in circulation for transitional periods : - Israel adopted the Israeli pound ( or Israeli lira ) in 1952 . In August 1948 , new banknotes were issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank , owned by the Jewish Agency and based in London . - Jordan adopted the Jordanian dinar in 1949 . - In the West Bank , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until 1950 , when the West Bank was annexed by Jordan , and the Jordanian dinar became legal tender there . The Jordanian dinar is still legal tender in the West Bank along with the Israeli shekel . - In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound , three years after the Egyptian army took control of the territory . Since the mid-1980s , the primary currencies used in the West Bank have been the Israeli new shekel and the Jordanian dinar . The shekel is used for most transactions , especially retail , while the dinar is used more for savings and durable goods transactions . The United States dollar is also sometimes used for savings and for purchasing foreign goods . The dollar is used by the overwhelming majority of transactions overseen by the Palestinian Monetary Authority ( Palestines nascent central bank ) , which only represent a fraction of all transactions conducted in Palestine or by Palestinians . The shekel is the main currency in Gaza . Under Egyptian rule ( 1948–1956 ) , Gaza mainly used the Egyptian pound . When Israel occupied the Gaza Strip during the 1956 Suez Crisis , the military administration made the Israeli pound ( the predecessor to the shekel ) the only legal currency in Gaza in a 3 December decree , and implemented a favorable exchange rate to remove all Egyptian pounds from circulation . As a result , the pound and then the shekel became the dominant currency in Gaza , a situation that was reinforced in 1967 by the Israeli occupation of Gaza following the Six-Day War . Under Article IV of the Protocol on Economic Relations , the Palestinians are not allowed to independently introduce a separate Palestinian currency . At the same time , the use of two currencies increases the costs and inconvenience arising from fluctuating exchange rates . Coins . In 1927 , coins were introduced in denominations of 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 50 and 100 mils . The 1 and 2 mils were struck in bronze , whilst the 5 , 10 and 20 mils were holed , cupro-nickel coins , except for during World War II , when they were also minted in bronze . The coin of 10 mils was also called a grush . The 50 and 100 mils coins were struck in .720 silver . The last coins were issued for circulation in 1946 , with all 1947 dated coins being melted down . Banknotes . On 1 November 1927 , banknotes were introduced by the Palestine Currency Board in denominations of 500 mils , 1 , 5 , 10 , 50 and 100 pounds . Notes were issued with dates as late as 15 August 1945 . The 100 pound note was equivalent to 40 months’ wages of a skilled worker in Palestine . Currently six of them are unaccounted for and four are known to exist in the hand of collectors . Their serial numbers and dates are : - A000719 - 1 September 1927 - A000935 - 1 September 1927 - A001020 – 30 September 1929 - A001088 – 30 September 1929
|
[
"the West Bank",
"the State of Israel"
] |
[
{
"text": "The Palestine pound ( , ; , , also ) was the currency of the British Mandate of Palestine from 1 November 1927 to 14 May 1948 , and of the State of Israel between 15 May 1948 , and 23 June 1952 , when it was replaced with the Israeli lira or pound . The Palestine pound was also the currency of Transjordan until 1949 when it was replaced by the Jordanian dinar , and remained in usage in the West Bank of Jordan until 1950 . In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until",
"title": "Palestine pound"
},
{
"text": "April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound .",
"title": "Palestine pound"
},
{
"text": "Until 1918 , Palestine was an integral part of the Ottoman Empire and therefore used its currency , the Ottoman lira . During 1917 and 1918 , Palestine was occupied by the British army , who set up a military administration . The official currency was the Egyptian pound , which had been first introduced into Egypt in 1834 , but several other currencies were legal tender at fixed exchange rates that were vigorously enforced . After the establishment of a civil administration in 1921 , the High Commissioner Herbert Samuel ordered that from 22 January 1921 only Egyptian currency",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "and the British gold sovereign would be legal tender .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1926 , the British Secretary of State for the Colonies appointed a Palestine Currency Board to introduce a local currency . It was based in London and chaired by P . G . Ezechiel , with a Currency Officer resident in Palestine . The board decided that the new currency would be called the Palestine pound , fixed in value to the British pound and divided into 1000 mils . The one pound gold coin would contain 123.27447 grains of standard gold . The enabling legislation was the Palestine Currency Order , 1927 , signed by the King in",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "February 1927 . The Palestine pound became legal tender on 1 November 1927 . The Egyptian pound ( at the fixed rate of 0.975 to the Palestine pound ) and the British gold sovereign remained legal tender until 1 March 1928 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The Palestine Currency Order explicitly excluded Transjordan from its application , but the Government of Transjordan decided to adopt the Palestine pound at the same time as Palestine did . The Egyptian pound remained legal tender in Transjordan until 1930 . All the denominations were trilingual in Arabic , English and Hebrew . The Hebrew inscription included after Palestina the initials Aleph Yud , for Eretz Yisrael ( Land of Israel ) .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948 , with the end of the British Mandate , but the Palestinian pound continued in circulation for transitional periods :",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Israel adopted the Israeli pound ( or Israeli lira ) in 1952 . In August 1948 , new banknotes were issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank , owned by the Jewish Agency and based in London . - Jordan adopted the Jordanian dinar in 1949 . - In the West Bank , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until 1950 , when the West Bank was annexed by Jordan , and the Jordanian dinar became legal tender there . The Jordanian dinar is still legal tender in the West Bank along with the Israeli shekel .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "- In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound , three years after the Egyptian army took control of the territory .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Since the mid-1980s , the primary currencies used in the West Bank have been the Israeli new shekel and the Jordanian dinar . The shekel is used for most transactions , especially retail , while the dinar is used more for savings and durable goods transactions . The United States dollar is also sometimes used for savings and for purchasing foreign goods . The dollar is used by the overwhelming majority of transactions overseen by the Palestinian Monetary Authority ( Palestines nascent central bank ) , which only represent a fraction of all transactions conducted in Palestine or by Palestinians",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The shekel is the main currency in Gaza . Under Egyptian rule ( 1948–1956 ) , Gaza mainly used the Egyptian pound . When Israel occupied the Gaza Strip during the 1956 Suez Crisis , the military administration made the Israeli pound ( the predecessor to the shekel ) the only legal currency in Gaza in a 3 December decree , and implemented a favorable exchange rate to remove all Egyptian pounds from circulation . As a result , the pound and then the shekel became the dominant currency in Gaza , a situation that was reinforced in 1967 by",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "the Israeli occupation of Gaza following the Six-Day War .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Under Article IV of the Protocol on Economic Relations , the Palestinians are not allowed to independently introduce a separate Palestinian currency . At the same time , the use of two currencies increases the costs and inconvenience arising from fluctuating exchange rates .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1927 , coins were introduced in denominations of 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 50 and 100 mils . The 1 and 2 mils were struck in bronze , whilst the 5 , 10 and 20 mils were holed , cupro-nickel coins , except for during World War II , when they were also minted in bronze . The coin of 10 mils was also called a grush . The 50 and 100 mils coins were struck in .720 silver .",
"title": "Coins"
},
{
"text": "The last coins were issued for circulation in 1946 , with all 1947 dated coins being melted down .",
"title": "Coins"
},
{
"text": " On 1 November 1927 , banknotes were introduced by the Palestine Currency Board in denominations of 500 mils , 1 , 5 , 10 , 50 and 100 pounds . Notes were issued with dates as late as 15 August 1945 . The 100 pound note was equivalent to 40 months’ wages of a skilled worker in Palestine . Currently six of them are unaccounted for and four are known to exist in the hand of collectors . Their serial numbers and dates are : - A000719 - 1 September 1927 - A000935 - 1 September 1927",
"title": "Banknotes"
},
{
"text": "- A001020 – 30 September 1929",
"title": "Banknotes"
},
{
"text": " - A001088 – 30 September 1929",
"title": "Banknotes"
}
] |
/wiki/Palestine_pound#P17#4
|
Which country did Palestine pound belong to after Jul 1950?
|
Palestine pound The Palestine pound ( , ; , , also ) was the currency of the British Mandate of Palestine from 1 November 1927 to 14 May 1948 , and of the State of Israel between 15 May 1948 , and 23 June 1952 , when it was replaced with the Israeli lira or pound . The Palestine pound was also the currency of Transjordan until 1949 when it was replaced by the Jordanian dinar , and remained in usage in the West Bank of Jordan until 1950 . In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound . History . Until 1918 , Palestine was an integral part of the Ottoman Empire and therefore used its currency , the Ottoman lira . During 1917 and 1918 , Palestine was occupied by the British army , who set up a military administration . The official currency was the Egyptian pound , which had been first introduced into Egypt in 1834 , but several other currencies were legal tender at fixed exchange rates that were vigorously enforced . After the establishment of a civil administration in 1921 , the High Commissioner Herbert Samuel ordered that from 22 January 1921 only Egyptian currency and the British gold sovereign would be legal tender . In 1926 , the British Secretary of State for the Colonies appointed a Palestine Currency Board to introduce a local currency . It was based in London and chaired by P . G . Ezechiel , with a Currency Officer resident in Palestine . The board decided that the new currency would be called the Palestine pound , fixed in value to the British pound and divided into 1000 mils . The one pound gold coin would contain 123.27447 grains of standard gold . The enabling legislation was the Palestine Currency Order , 1927 , signed by the King in February 1927 . The Palestine pound became legal tender on 1 November 1927 . The Egyptian pound ( at the fixed rate of 0.975 to the Palestine pound ) and the British gold sovereign remained legal tender until 1 March 1928 . The Palestine Currency Order explicitly excluded Transjordan from its application , but the Government of Transjordan decided to adopt the Palestine pound at the same time as Palestine did . The Egyptian pound remained legal tender in Transjordan until 1930 . All the denominations were trilingual in Arabic , English and Hebrew . The Hebrew inscription included after Palestina the initials Aleph Yud , for Eretz Yisrael ( Land of Israel ) . The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948 , with the end of the British Mandate , but the Palestinian pound continued in circulation for transitional periods : - Israel adopted the Israeli pound ( or Israeli lira ) in 1952 . In August 1948 , new banknotes were issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank , owned by the Jewish Agency and based in London . - Jordan adopted the Jordanian dinar in 1949 . - In the West Bank , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until 1950 , when the West Bank was annexed by Jordan , and the Jordanian dinar became legal tender there . The Jordanian dinar is still legal tender in the West Bank along with the Israeli shekel . - In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound , three years after the Egyptian army took control of the territory . Since the mid-1980s , the primary currencies used in the West Bank have been the Israeli new shekel and the Jordanian dinar . The shekel is used for most transactions , especially retail , while the dinar is used more for savings and durable goods transactions . The United States dollar is also sometimes used for savings and for purchasing foreign goods . The dollar is used by the overwhelming majority of transactions overseen by the Palestinian Monetary Authority ( Palestines nascent central bank ) , which only represent a fraction of all transactions conducted in Palestine or by Palestinians . The shekel is the main currency in Gaza . Under Egyptian rule ( 1948–1956 ) , Gaza mainly used the Egyptian pound . When Israel occupied the Gaza Strip during the 1956 Suez Crisis , the military administration made the Israeli pound ( the predecessor to the shekel ) the only legal currency in Gaza in a 3 December decree , and implemented a favorable exchange rate to remove all Egyptian pounds from circulation . As a result , the pound and then the shekel became the dominant currency in Gaza , a situation that was reinforced in 1967 by the Israeli occupation of Gaza following the Six-Day War . Under Article IV of the Protocol on Economic Relations , the Palestinians are not allowed to independently introduce a separate Palestinian currency . At the same time , the use of two currencies increases the costs and inconvenience arising from fluctuating exchange rates . Coins . In 1927 , coins were introduced in denominations of 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 50 and 100 mils . The 1 and 2 mils were struck in bronze , whilst the 5 , 10 and 20 mils were holed , cupro-nickel coins , except for during World War II , when they were also minted in bronze . The coin of 10 mils was also called a grush . The 50 and 100 mils coins were struck in .720 silver . The last coins were issued for circulation in 1946 , with all 1947 dated coins being melted down . Banknotes . On 1 November 1927 , banknotes were introduced by the Palestine Currency Board in denominations of 500 mils , 1 , 5 , 10 , 50 and 100 pounds . Notes were issued with dates as late as 15 August 1945 . The 100 pound note was equivalent to 40 months’ wages of a skilled worker in Palestine . Currently six of them are unaccounted for and four are known to exist in the hand of collectors . Their serial numbers and dates are : - A000719 - 1 September 1927 - A000935 - 1 September 1927 - A001020 – 30 September 1929 - A001088 – 30 September 1929
|
[
"the State of Israel"
] |
[
{
"text": "The Palestine pound ( , ; , , also ) was the currency of the British Mandate of Palestine from 1 November 1927 to 14 May 1948 , and of the State of Israel between 15 May 1948 , and 23 June 1952 , when it was replaced with the Israeli lira or pound . The Palestine pound was also the currency of Transjordan until 1949 when it was replaced by the Jordanian dinar , and remained in usage in the West Bank of Jordan until 1950 . In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until",
"title": "Palestine pound"
},
{
"text": "April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound .",
"title": "Palestine pound"
},
{
"text": "Until 1918 , Palestine was an integral part of the Ottoman Empire and therefore used its currency , the Ottoman lira . During 1917 and 1918 , Palestine was occupied by the British army , who set up a military administration . The official currency was the Egyptian pound , which had been first introduced into Egypt in 1834 , but several other currencies were legal tender at fixed exchange rates that were vigorously enforced . After the establishment of a civil administration in 1921 , the High Commissioner Herbert Samuel ordered that from 22 January 1921 only Egyptian currency",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "and the British gold sovereign would be legal tender .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "In 1926 , the British Secretary of State for the Colonies appointed a Palestine Currency Board to introduce a local currency . It was based in London and chaired by P . G . Ezechiel , with a Currency Officer resident in Palestine . The board decided that the new currency would be called the Palestine pound , fixed in value to the British pound and divided into 1000 mils . The one pound gold coin would contain 123.27447 grains of standard gold . The enabling legislation was the Palestine Currency Order , 1927 , signed by the King in",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "February 1927 . The Palestine pound became legal tender on 1 November 1927 . The Egyptian pound ( at the fixed rate of 0.975 to the Palestine pound ) and the British gold sovereign remained legal tender until 1 March 1928 .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " The Palestine Currency Order explicitly excluded Transjordan from its application , but the Government of Transjordan decided to adopt the Palestine pound at the same time as Palestine did . The Egyptian pound remained legal tender in Transjordan until 1930 . All the denominations were trilingual in Arabic , English and Hebrew . The Hebrew inscription included after Palestina the initials Aleph Yud , for Eretz Yisrael ( Land of Israel ) .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948 , with the end of the British Mandate , but the Palestinian pound continued in circulation for transitional periods :",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " - Israel adopted the Israeli pound ( or Israeli lira ) in 1952 . In August 1948 , new banknotes were issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank , owned by the Jewish Agency and based in London . - Jordan adopted the Jordanian dinar in 1949 . - In the West Bank , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until 1950 , when the West Bank was annexed by Jordan , and the Jordanian dinar became legal tender there . The Jordanian dinar is still legal tender in the West Bank along with the Israeli shekel .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "- In the Gaza Strip , the Palestine pound continued to circulate until April 1951 , when it was replaced by the Egyptian pound , three years after the Egyptian army took control of the territory .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Since the mid-1980s , the primary currencies used in the West Bank have been the Israeli new shekel and the Jordanian dinar . The shekel is used for most transactions , especially retail , while the dinar is used more for savings and durable goods transactions . The United States dollar is also sometimes used for savings and for purchasing foreign goods . The dollar is used by the overwhelming majority of transactions overseen by the Palestinian Monetary Authority ( Palestines nascent central bank ) , which only represent a fraction of all transactions conducted in Palestine or by Palestinians",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "The shekel is the main currency in Gaza . Under Egyptian rule ( 1948–1956 ) , Gaza mainly used the Egyptian pound . When Israel occupied the Gaza Strip during the 1956 Suez Crisis , the military administration made the Israeli pound ( the predecessor to the shekel ) the only legal currency in Gaza in a 3 December decree , and implemented a favorable exchange rate to remove all Egyptian pounds from circulation . As a result , the pound and then the shekel became the dominant currency in Gaza , a situation that was reinforced in 1967 by",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "the Israeli occupation of Gaza following the Six-Day War .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Under Article IV of the Protocol on Economic Relations , the Palestinians are not allowed to independently introduce a separate Palestinian currency . At the same time , the use of two currencies increases the costs and inconvenience arising from fluctuating exchange rates .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " In 1927 , coins were introduced in denominations of 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 50 and 100 mils . The 1 and 2 mils were struck in bronze , whilst the 5 , 10 and 20 mils were holed , cupro-nickel coins , except for during World War II , when they were also minted in bronze . The coin of 10 mils was also called a grush . The 50 and 100 mils coins were struck in .720 silver .",
"title": "Coins"
},
{
"text": "The last coins were issued for circulation in 1946 , with all 1947 dated coins being melted down .",
"title": "Coins"
},
{
"text": " On 1 November 1927 , banknotes were introduced by the Palestine Currency Board in denominations of 500 mils , 1 , 5 , 10 , 50 and 100 pounds . Notes were issued with dates as late as 15 August 1945 . The 100 pound note was equivalent to 40 months’ wages of a skilled worker in Palestine . Currently six of them are unaccounted for and four are known to exist in the hand of collectors . Their serial numbers and dates are : - A000719 - 1 September 1927 - A000935 - 1 September 1927",
"title": "Banknotes"
},
{
"text": "- A001020 – 30 September 1929",
"title": "Banknotes"
},
{
"text": " - A001088 – 30 September 1929",
"title": "Banknotes"
}
] |
/wiki/Inés_Arrimadas#P551#0
|
Where did Inés Arrimadas live in late 1980s?
|
Inés Arrimadas Inés Arrimadas García ( ; born 3 July 1981 ) is a Spanish lawyer and politician serving as Member of the Congress of Deputies and Spokesperson of Citizens party in the Congress . She was previously the leader of the regional branch of the party in Catalonia . In March 2020 , she was voted party leader . Arrimadas was born and raised in Jerez de la Frontera . Before entering in politics she worked as a consultant . She became a member of the party in 2011 and she first started being the spokesperson of the youth section . She became an MP of the Catalan parliament after the 2012 election . She was the Leader of the Opposition in the Catalan Parliament from 2015 to 2019 . Early life and career . Arrimadas is the youngest of five children born to Rufino Arrimadas García and Inés García López , both of whom came from Salmoral in the Province of Salamanca . She moved to Barcelona in 2008 . Arrimadas studied at the Catholic school Nuestra Señora del Pilar in Jerez de la Frontera . She became interested in Catalonia as a result of being a fan of FC Barcelona which led her to take Catalan lessons from a Catalan classmate while she was in 7th and 8th grade , during which she learnt the club anthem . When she moved to Barcelona , the company she worked for , Daleph , paid her formal Catalan language classes to obtain the C1 level . Arrimadas is fluent in Spanish , Catalan , English , and French . At age 18 , Arrimadas began studying law at Pablo de Olavide University . She also undertook postgraduate studies in international business at IPAG Business School in Nice organised through the Erasmus programme . At 24 , Arrimadas worked for a year and a half in the petrochemical industry . For six years , she worked as a consultant at DAleph in Barcelona , having moved to the city in 2008 . Politics . Parliament of Catalonia . In 2010 , Arrimadas coworker invited her to a Citizens public event at Romea theatre , and she accepted the invitation . Afterwards , she started to attend meetings of the political party . In one of those meetings , Albert Rivera went to teach oratory lessons and thought that she had potential . In 2011 , Rivera asked her to go to the Youth Commission of the Parliament of Catalonia . Rivera also offered her to enter in the partys executive office . Arrimadas was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia in the 2012 Catalan regional election . She became the spokeswoman of Citizens in Catalonia in 2015 , substituting Jordi Cañas , who resigned due to being indicted for alleged tax fraud . That same year , she was selected leader of the party for the Catalan elections which were held on 27 September . Citizens in Catalonia gained 17.9% of the votes , increasing their representation from 9 to 25 seats , obtaining the greatest anti-independence single party representation and became the party Leader of the Opposition of the Catalan parliament . In September 2017 , Arrimadas reported to police a Catalan female who threatened her with gang rape for opposing independence ; the woman received a four-month suspended jail sentence . The party under Arrimadas secured the most seats in the 2017 election under a single party , but the pro-independence parties retained a narrow majority of seats in the Parliament of Catalonia . During the campaign for the elections of Catalonia in 2017 , a hoax was popularized alleging Arrimadas father was a Francoist secret agent . The cousin of his father was the one in a relevant position as a Francoist governor . In 2018 , she denied that the President of Catalonia Lluís Companys was executed by the Spanish State , stating that Companys was executed by a Francoist , fascist regime , not by the Spanish state . Congress of Deputies . In 2019 , Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez dissolved the Cortes Generales in response to a budget defeat . In response to the snap election , Arrimadas announced she would run for a seat in the Cortes Generales with senator Lorena Roldán as party spokesperson in the Catalan Parliament and Carlos Carrizosa as leader . In the April 2019 election , Citizens list obtained 12.0% of the vote and 4 seats out of 32 , one of which went to Arrimadas . In the November 2019 election , the partys vote share fell to 6.0% and 2 seats , but Arrimadas nevertheless managed to retain hers and remained a member of the Chamber of Deputies . On 8 March 2020 , Arrimadas was voted leader of Citizens , obtaining 76.9% of the vote in a three-way race . Personal life . On 30 July 2016 , Arrimadas married Xavier Cima , a former Catalan MP and municipal councillor in Ripoll for the pro-independence Democratic Convergence of Catalonia , at an estate in Jerez de la Frontera . Cima then left politics to work for Kreab in Madrid . Their son was born in May 2020 .
|
[
"Jerez de la Frontera"
] |
[
{
"text": " Inés Arrimadas García ( ; born 3 July 1981 ) is a Spanish lawyer and politician serving as Member of the Congress of Deputies and Spokesperson of Citizens party in the Congress . She was previously the leader of the regional branch of the party in Catalonia . In March 2020 , she was voted party leader .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": "Arrimadas was born and raised in Jerez de la Frontera . Before entering in politics she worked as a consultant . She became a member of the party in 2011 and she first started being the spokesperson of the youth section . She became an MP of the Catalan parliament after the 2012 election . She was the Leader of the Opposition in the Catalan Parliament from 2015 to 2019 .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": " Early life and career . Arrimadas is the youngest of five children born to Rufino Arrimadas García and Inés García López , both of whom came from Salmoral in the Province of Salamanca . She moved to Barcelona in 2008 .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": "Arrimadas studied at the Catholic school Nuestra Señora del Pilar in Jerez de la Frontera . She became interested in Catalonia as a result of being a fan of FC Barcelona which led her to take Catalan lessons from a Catalan classmate while she was in 7th and 8th grade , during which she learnt the club anthem . When she moved to Barcelona , the company she worked for , Daleph , paid her formal Catalan language classes to obtain the C1 level . Arrimadas is fluent in Spanish , Catalan , English , and French .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": " At age 18 , Arrimadas began studying law at Pablo de Olavide University . She also undertook postgraduate studies in international business at IPAG Business School in Nice organised through the Erasmus programme . At 24 , Arrimadas worked for a year and a half in the petrochemical industry . For six years , she worked as a consultant at DAleph in Barcelona , having moved to the city in 2008 .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Arrimadas coworker invited her to a Citizens public event at Romea theatre , and she accepted the invitation . Afterwards , she started to attend meetings of the political party . In one of those meetings , Albert Rivera went to teach oratory lessons and thought that she had potential . In 2011 , Rivera asked her to go to the Youth Commission of the Parliament of Catalonia . Rivera also offered her to enter in the partys executive office .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "Arrimadas was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia in the 2012 Catalan regional election . She became the spokeswoman of Citizens in Catalonia in 2015 , substituting Jordi Cañas , who resigned due to being indicted for alleged tax fraud . That same year , she was selected leader of the party for the Catalan elections which were held on 27 September . Citizens in Catalonia gained 17.9% of the votes , increasing their representation from 9 to 25 seats , obtaining the greatest anti-independence single party representation and became the party Leader of the Opposition of",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "the Catalan parliament . In September 2017 , Arrimadas reported to police a Catalan female who threatened her with gang rape for opposing independence ; the woman received a four-month suspended jail sentence .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": " The party under Arrimadas secured the most seats in the 2017 election under a single party , but the pro-independence parties retained a narrow majority of seats in the Parliament of Catalonia . During the campaign for the elections of Catalonia in 2017 , a hoax was popularized alleging Arrimadas father was a Francoist secret agent . The cousin of his father was the one in a relevant position as a Francoist governor .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "In 2018 , she denied that the President of Catalonia Lluís Companys was executed by the Spanish State , stating that Companys was executed by a Francoist , fascist regime , not by the Spanish state .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "In 2019 , Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez dissolved the Cortes Generales in response to a budget defeat . In response to the snap election , Arrimadas announced she would run for a seat in the Cortes Generales with senator Lorena Roldán as party spokesperson in the Catalan Parliament and Carlos Carrizosa as leader . In the April 2019 election , Citizens list obtained 12.0% of the vote and 4 seats out of 32 , one of which went to Arrimadas . In the November 2019 election , the partys vote share fell to 6.0% and 2 seats , but Arrimadas",
"title": "Congress of Deputies"
},
{
"text": "nevertheless managed to retain hers and remained a member of the Chamber of Deputies .",
"title": "Congress of Deputies"
},
{
"text": " On 8 March 2020 , Arrimadas was voted leader of Citizens , obtaining 76.9% of the vote in a three-way race .",
"title": "Congress of Deputies"
},
{
"text": " On 30 July 2016 , Arrimadas married Xavier Cima , a former Catalan MP and municipal councillor in Ripoll for the pro-independence Democratic Convergence of Catalonia , at an estate in Jerez de la Frontera . Cima then left politics to work for Kreab in Madrid . Their son was born in May 2020 .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Inés_Arrimadas#P551#1
|
Where did Inés Arrimadas live in Mar 2001?
|
Inés Arrimadas Inés Arrimadas García ( ; born 3 July 1981 ) is a Spanish lawyer and politician serving as Member of the Congress of Deputies and Spokesperson of Citizens party in the Congress . She was previously the leader of the regional branch of the party in Catalonia . In March 2020 , she was voted party leader . Arrimadas was born and raised in Jerez de la Frontera . Before entering in politics she worked as a consultant . She became a member of the party in 2011 and she first started being the spokesperson of the youth section . She became an MP of the Catalan parliament after the 2012 election . She was the Leader of the Opposition in the Catalan Parliament from 2015 to 2019 . Early life and career . Arrimadas is the youngest of five children born to Rufino Arrimadas García and Inés García López , both of whom came from Salmoral in the Province of Salamanca . She moved to Barcelona in 2008 . Arrimadas studied at the Catholic school Nuestra Señora del Pilar in Jerez de la Frontera . She became interested in Catalonia as a result of being a fan of FC Barcelona which led her to take Catalan lessons from a Catalan classmate while she was in 7th and 8th grade , during which she learnt the club anthem . When she moved to Barcelona , the company she worked for , Daleph , paid her formal Catalan language classes to obtain the C1 level . Arrimadas is fluent in Spanish , Catalan , English , and French . At age 18 , Arrimadas began studying law at Pablo de Olavide University . She also undertook postgraduate studies in international business at IPAG Business School in Nice organised through the Erasmus programme . At 24 , Arrimadas worked for a year and a half in the petrochemical industry . For six years , she worked as a consultant at DAleph in Barcelona , having moved to the city in 2008 . Politics . Parliament of Catalonia . In 2010 , Arrimadas coworker invited her to a Citizens public event at Romea theatre , and she accepted the invitation . Afterwards , she started to attend meetings of the political party . In one of those meetings , Albert Rivera went to teach oratory lessons and thought that she had potential . In 2011 , Rivera asked her to go to the Youth Commission of the Parliament of Catalonia . Rivera also offered her to enter in the partys executive office . Arrimadas was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia in the 2012 Catalan regional election . She became the spokeswoman of Citizens in Catalonia in 2015 , substituting Jordi Cañas , who resigned due to being indicted for alleged tax fraud . That same year , she was selected leader of the party for the Catalan elections which were held on 27 September . Citizens in Catalonia gained 17.9% of the votes , increasing their representation from 9 to 25 seats , obtaining the greatest anti-independence single party representation and became the party Leader of the Opposition of the Catalan parliament . In September 2017 , Arrimadas reported to police a Catalan female who threatened her with gang rape for opposing independence ; the woman received a four-month suspended jail sentence . The party under Arrimadas secured the most seats in the 2017 election under a single party , but the pro-independence parties retained a narrow majority of seats in the Parliament of Catalonia . During the campaign for the elections of Catalonia in 2017 , a hoax was popularized alleging Arrimadas father was a Francoist secret agent . The cousin of his father was the one in a relevant position as a Francoist governor . In 2018 , she denied that the President of Catalonia Lluís Companys was executed by the Spanish State , stating that Companys was executed by a Francoist , fascist regime , not by the Spanish state . Congress of Deputies . In 2019 , Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez dissolved the Cortes Generales in response to a budget defeat . In response to the snap election , Arrimadas announced she would run for a seat in the Cortes Generales with senator Lorena Roldán as party spokesperson in the Catalan Parliament and Carlos Carrizosa as leader . In the April 2019 election , Citizens list obtained 12.0% of the vote and 4 seats out of 32 , one of which went to Arrimadas . In the November 2019 election , the partys vote share fell to 6.0% and 2 seats , but Arrimadas nevertheless managed to retain hers and remained a member of the Chamber of Deputies . On 8 March 2020 , Arrimadas was voted leader of Citizens , obtaining 76.9% of the vote in a three-way race . Personal life . On 30 July 2016 , Arrimadas married Xavier Cima , a former Catalan MP and municipal councillor in Ripoll for the pro-independence Democratic Convergence of Catalonia , at an estate in Jerez de la Frontera . Cima then left politics to work for Kreab in Madrid . Their son was born in May 2020 .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Inés Arrimadas García ( ; born 3 July 1981 ) is a Spanish lawyer and politician serving as Member of the Congress of Deputies and Spokesperson of Citizens party in the Congress . She was previously the leader of the regional branch of the party in Catalonia . In March 2020 , she was voted party leader .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": "Arrimadas was born and raised in Jerez de la Frontera . Before entering in politics she worked as a consultant . She became a member of the party in 2011 and she first started being the spokesperson of the youth section . She became an MP of the Catalan parliament after the 2012 election . She was the Leader of the Opposition in the Catalan Parliament from 2015 to 2019 .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": " Early life and career . Arrimadas is the youngest of five children born to Rufino Arrimadas García and Inés García López , both of whom came from Salmoral in the Province of Salamanca . She moved to Barcelona in 2008 .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": "Arrimadas studied at the Catholic school Nuestra Señora del Pilar in Jerez de la Frontera . She became interested in Catalonia as a result of being a fan of FC Barcelona which led her to take Catalan lessons from a Catalan classmate while she was in 7th and 8th grade , during which she learnt the club anthem . When she moved to Barcelona , the company she worked for , Daleph , paid her formal Catalan language classes to obtain the C1 level . Arrimadas is fluent in Spanish , Catalan , English , and French .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": " At age 18 , Arrimadas began studying law at Pablo de Olavide University . She also undertook postgraduate studies in international business at IPAG Business School in Nice organised through the Erasmus programme . At 24 , Arrimadas worked for a year and a half in the petrochemical industry . For six years , she worked as a consultant at DAleph in Barcelona , having moved to the city in 2008 .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Arrimadas coworker invited her to a Citizens public event at Romea theatre , and she accepted the invitation . Afterwards , she started to attend meetings of the political party . In one of those meetings , Albert Rivera went to teach oratory lessons and thought that she had potential . In 2011 , Rivera asked her to go to the Youth Commission of the Parliament of Catalonia . Rivera also offered her to enter in the partys executive office .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "Arrimadas was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia in the 2012 Catalan regional election . She became the spokeswoman of Citizens in Catalonia in 2015 , substituting Jordi Cañas , who resigned due to being indicted for alleged tax fraud . That same year , she was selected leader of the party for the Catalan elections which were held on 27 September . Citizens in Catalonia gained 17.9% of the votes , increasing their representation from 9 to 25 seats , obtaining the greatest anti-independence single party representation and became the party Leader of the Opposition of",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "the Catalan parliament . In September 2017 , Arrimadas reported to police a Catalan female who threatened her with gang rape for opposing independence ; the woman received a four-month suspended jail sentence .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": " The party under Arrimadas secured the most seats in the 2017 election under a single party , but the pro-independence parties retained a narrow majority of seats in the Parliament of Catalonia . During the campaign for the elections of Catalonia in 2017 , a hoax was popularized alleging Arrimadas father was a Francoist secret agent . The cousin of his father was the one in a relevant position as a Francoist governor .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "In 2018 , she denied that the President of Catalonia Lluís Companys was executed by the Spanish State , stating that Companys was executed by a Francoist , fascist regime , not by the Spanish state .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "In 2019 , Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez dissolved the Cortes Generales in response to a budget defeat . In response to the snap election , Arrimadas announced she would run for a seat in the Cortes Generales with senator Lorena Roldán as party spokesperson in the Catalan Parliament and Carlos Carrizosa as leader . In the April 2019 election , Citizens list obtained 12.0% of the vote and 4 seats out of 32 , one of which went to Arrimadas . In the November 2019 election , the partys vote share fell to 6.0% and 2 seats , but Arrimadas",
"title": "Congress of Deputies"
},
{
"text": "nevertheless managed to retain hers and remained a member of the Chamber of Deputies .",
"title": "Congress of Deputies"
},
{
"text": " On 8 March 2020 , Arrimadas was voted leader of Citizens , obtaining 76.9% of the vote in a three-way race .",
"title": "Congress of Deputies"
},
{
"text": " On 30 July 2016 , Arrimadas married Xavier Cima , a former Catalan MP and municipal councillor in Ripoll for the pro-independence Democratic Convergence of Catalonia , at an estate in Jerez de la Frontera . Cima then left politics to work for Kreab in Madrid . Their son was born in May 2020 .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Inés_Arrimadas#P551#2
|
Where did Inés Arrimadas live between May 2010 and Jun 2011?
|
Inés Arrimadas Inés Arrimadas García ( ; born 3 July 1981 ) is a Spanish lawyer and politician serving as Member of the Congress of Deputies and Spokesperson of Citizens party in the Congress . She was previously the leader of the regional branch of the party in Catalonia . In March 2020 , she was voted party leader . Arrimadas was born and raised in Jerez de la Frontera . Before entering in politics she worked as a consultant . She became a member of the party in 2011 and she first started being the spokesperson of the youth section . She became an MP of the Catalan parliament after the 2012 election . She was the Leader of the Opposition in the Catalan Parliament from 2015 to 2019 . Early life and career . Arrimadas is the youngest of five children born to Rufino Arrimadas García and Inés García López , both of whom came from Salmoral in the Province of Salamanca . She moved to Barcelona in 2008 . Arrimadas studied at the Catholic school Nuestra Señora del Pilar in Jerez de la Frontera . She became interested in Catalonia as a result of being a fan of FC Barcelona which led her to take Catalan lessons from a Catalan classmate while she was in 7th and 8th grade , during which she learnt the club anthem . When she moved to Barcelona , the company she worked for , Daleph , paid her formal Catalan language classes to obtain the C1 level . Arrimadas is fluent in Spanish , Catalan , English , and French . At age 18 , Arrimadas began studying law at Pablo de Olavide University . She also undertook postgraduate studies in international business at IPAG Business School in Nice organised through the Erasmus programme . At 24 , Arrimadas worked for a year and a half in the petrochemical industry . For six years , she worked as a consultant at DAleph in Barcelona , having moved to the city in 2008 . Politics . Parliament of Catalonia . In 2010 , Arrimadas coworker invited her to a Citizens public event at Romea theatre , and she accepted the invitation . Afterwards , she started to attend meetings of the political party . In one of those meetings , Albert Rivera went to teach oratory lessons and thought that she had potential . In 2011 , Rivera asked her to go to the Youth Commission of the Parliament of Catalonia . Rivera also offered her to enter in the partys executive office . Arrimadas was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia in the 2012 Catalan regional election . She became the spokeswoman of Citizens in Catalonia in 2015 , substituting Jordi Cañas , who resigned due to being indicted for alleged tax fraud . That same year , she was selected leader of the party for the Catalan elections which were held on 27 September . Citizens in Catalonia gained 17.9% of the votes , increasing their representation from 9 to 25 seats , obtaining the greatest anti-independence single party representation and became the party Leader of the Opposition of the Catalan parliament . In September 2017 , Arrimadas reported to police a Catalan female who threatened her with gang rape for opposing independence ; the woman received a four-month suspended jail sentence . The party under Arrimadas secured the most seats in the 2017 election under a single party , but the pro-independence parties retained a narrow majority of seats in the Parliament of Catalonia . During the campaign for the elections of Catalonia in 2017 , a hoax was popularized alleging Arrimadas father was a Francoist secret agent . The cousin of his father was the one in a relevant position as a Francoist governor . In 2018 , she denied that the President of Catalonia Lluís Companys was executed by the Spanish State , stating that Companys was executed by a Francoist , fascist regime , not by the Spanish state . Congress of Deputies . In 2019 , Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez dissolved the Cortes Generales in response to a budget defeat . In response to the snap election , Arrimadas announced she would run for a seat in the Cortes Generales with senator Lorena Roldán as party spokesperson in the Catalan Parliament and Carlos Carrizosa as leader . In the April 2019 election , Citizens list obtained 12.0% of the vote and 4 seats out of 32 , one of which went to Arrimadas . In the November 2019 election , the partys vote share fell to 6.0% and 2 seats , but Arrimadas nevertheless managed to retain hers and remained a member of the Chamber of Deputies . On 8 March 2020 , Arrimadas was voted leader of Citizens , obtaining 76.9% of the vote in a three-way race . Personal life . On 30 July 2016 , Arrimadas married Xavier Cima , a former Catalan MP and municipal councillor in Ripoll for the pro-independence Democratic Convergence of Catalonia , at an estate in Jerez de la Frontera . Cima then left politics to work for Kreab in Madrid . Their son was born in May 2020 .
|
[
"Barcelona"
] |
[
{
"text": " Inés Arrimadas García ( ; born 3 July 1981 ) is a Spanish lawyer and politician serving as Member of the Congress of Deputies and Spokesperson of Citizens party in the Congress . She was previously the leader of the regional branch of the party in Catalonia . In March 2020 , she was voted party leader .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": "Arrimadas was born and raised in Jerez de la Frontera . Before entering in politics she worked as a consultant . She became a member of the party in 2011 and she first started being the spokesperson of the youth section . She became an MP of the Catalan parliament after the 2012 election . She was the Leader of the Opposition in the Catalan Parliament from 2015 to 2019 .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": " Early life and career . Arrimadas is the youngest of five children born to Rufino Arrimadas García and Inés García López , both of whom came from Salmoral in the Province of Salamanca . She moved to Barcelona in 2008 .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": "Arrimadas studied at the Catholic school Nuestra Señora del Pilar in Jerez de la Frontera . She became interested in Catalonia as a result of being a fan of FC Barcelona which led her to take Catalan lessons from a Catalan classmate while she was in 7th and 8th grade , during which she learnt the club anthem . When she moved to Barcelona , the company she worked for , Daleph , paid her formal Catalan language classes to obtain the C1 level . Arrimadas is fluent in Spanish , Catalan , English , and French .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": " At age 18 , Arrimadas began studying law at Pablo de Olavide University . She also undertook postgraduate studies in international business at IPAG Business School in Nice organised through the Erasmus programme . At 24 , Arrimadas worked for a year and a half in the petrochemical industry . For six years , she worked as a consultant at DAleph in Barcelona , having moved to the city in 2008 .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Arrimadas coworker invited her to a Citizens public event at Romea theatre , and she accepted the invitation . Afterwards , she started to attend meetings of the political party . In one of those meetings , Albert Rivera went to teach oratory lessons and thought that she had potential . In 2011 , Rivera asked her to go to the Youth Commission of the Parliament of Catalonia . Rivera also offered her to enter in the partys executive office .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "Arrimadas was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia in the 2012 Catalan regional election . She became the spokeswoman of Citizens in Catalonia in 2015 , substituting Jordi Cañas , who resigned due to being indicted for alleged tax fraud . That same year , she was selected leader of the party for the Catalan elections which were held on 27 September . Citizens in Catalonia gained 17.9% of the votes , increasing their representation from 9 to 25 seats , obtaining the greatest anti-independence single party representation and became the party Leader of the Opposition of",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "the Catalan parliament . In September 2017 , Arrimadas reported to police a Catalan female who threatened her with gang rape for opposing independence ; the woman received a four-month suspended jail sentence .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": " The party under Arrimadas secured the most seats in the 2017 election under a single party , but the pro-independence parties retained a narrow majority of seats in the Parliament of Catalonia . During the campaign for the elections of Catalonia in 2017 , a hoax was popularized alleging Arrimadas father was a Francoist secret agent . The cousin of his father was the one in a relevant position as a Francoist governor .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "In 2018 , she denied that the President of Catalonia Lluís Companys was executed by the Spanish State , stating that Companys was executed by a Francoist , fascist regime , not by the Spanish state .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "In 2019 , Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez dissolved the Cortes Generales in response to a budget defeat . In response to the snap election , Arrimadas announced she would run for a seat in the Cortes Generales with senator Lorena Roldán as party spokesperson in the Catalan Parliament and Carlos Carrizosa as leader . In the April 2019 election , Citizens list obtained 12.0% of the vote and 4 seats out of 32 , one of which went to Arrimadas . In the November 2019 election , the partys vote share fell to 6.0% and 2 seats , but Arrimadas",
"title": "Congress of Deputies"
},
{
"text": "nevertheless managed to retain hers and remained a member of the Chamber of Deputies .",
"title": "Congress of Deputies"
},
{
"text": " On 8 March 2020 , Arrimadas was voted leader of Citizens , obtaining 76.9% of the vote in a three-way race .",
"title": "Congress of Deputies"
},
{
"text": " On 30 July 2016 , Arrimadas married Xavier Cima , a former Catalan MP and municipal councillor in Ripoll for the pro-independence Democratic Convergence of Catalonia , at an estate in Jerez de la Frontera . Cima then left politics to work for Kreab in Madrid . Their son was born in May 2020 .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Inés_Arrimadas#P551#3
|
Where did Inés Arrimadas live after Jan 2019?
|
Inés Arrimadas Inés Arrimadas García ( ; born 3 July 1981 ) is a Spanish lawyer and politician serving as Member of the Congress of Deputies and Spokesperson of Citizens party in the Congress . She was previously the leader of the regional branch of the party in Catalonia . In March 2020 , she was voted party leader . Arrimadas was born and raised in Jerez de la Frontera . Before entering in politics she worked as a consultant . She became a member of the party in 2011 and she first started being the spokesperson of the youth section . She became an MP of the Catalan parliament after the 2012 election . She was the Leader of the Opposition in the Catalan Parliament from 2015 to 2019 . Early life and career . Arrimadas is the youngest of five children born to Rufino Arrimadas García and Inés García López , both of whom came from Salmoral in the Province of Salamanca . She moved to Barcelona in 2008 . Arrimadas studied at the Catholic school Nuestra Señora del Pilar in Jerez de la Frontera . She became interested in Catalonia as a result of being a fan of FC Barcelona which led her to take Catalan lessons from a Catalan classmate while she was in 7th and 8th grade , during which she learnt the club anthem . When she moved to Barcelona , the company she worked for , Daleph , paid her formal Catalan language classes to obtain the C1 level . Arrimadas is fluent in Spanish , Catalan , English , and French . At age 18 , Arrimadas began studying law at Pablo de Olavide University . She also undertook postgraduate studies in international business at IPAG Business School in Nice organised through the Erasmus programme . At 24 , Arrimadas worked for a year and a half in the petrochemical industry . For six years , she worked as a consultant at DAleph in Barcelona , having moved to the city in 2008 . Politics . Parliament of Catalonia . In 2010 , Arrimadas coworker invited her to a Citizens public event at Romea theatre , and she accepted the invitation . Afterwards , she started to attend meetings of the political party . In one of those meetings , Albert Rivera went to teach oratory lessons and thought that she had potential . In 2011 , Rivera asked her to go to the Youth Commission of the Parliament of Catalonia . Rivera also offered her to enter in the partys executive office . Arrimadas was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia in the 2012 Catalan regional election . She became the spokeswoman of Citizens in Catalonia in 2015 , substituting Jordi Cañas , who resigned due to being indicted for alleged tax fraud . That same year , she was selected leader of the party for the Catalan elections which were held on 27 September . Citizens in Catalonia gained 17.9% of the votes , increasing their representation from 9 to 25 seats , obtaining the greatest anti-independence single party representation and became the party Leader of the Opposition of the Catalan parliament . In September 2017 , Arrimadas reported to police a Catalan female who threatened her with gang rape for opposing independence ; the woman received a four-month suspended jail sentence . The party under Arrimadas secured the most seats in the 2017 election under a single party , but the pro-independence parties retained a narrow majority of seats in the Parliament of Catalonia . During the campaign for the elections of Catalonia in 2017 , a hoax was popularized alleging Arrimadas father was a Francoist secret agent . The cousin of his father was the one in a relevant position as a Francoist governor . In 2018 , she denied that the President of Catalonia Lluís Companys was executed by the Spanish State , stating that Companys was executed by a Francoist , fascist regime , not by the Spanish state . Congress of Deputies . In 2019 , Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez dissolved the Cortes Generales in response to a budget defeat . In response to the snap election , Arrimadas announced she would run for a seat in the Cortes Generales with senator Lorena Roldán as party spokesperson in the Catalan Parliament and Carlos Carrizosa as leader . In the April 2019 election , Citizens list obtained 12.0% of the vote and 4 seats out of 32 , one of which went to Arrimadas . In the November 2019 election , the partys vote share fell to 6.0% and 2 seats , but Arrimadas nevertheless managed to retain hers and remained a member of the Chamber of Deputies . On 8 March 2020 , Arrimadas was voted leader of Citizens , obtaining 76.9% of the vote in a three-way race . Personal life . On 30 July 2016 , Arrimadas married Xavier Cima , a former Catalan MP and municipal councillor in Ripoll for the pro-independence Democratic Convergence of Catalonia , at an estate in Jerez de la Frontera . Cima then left politics to work for Kreab in Madrid . Their son was born in May 2020 .
|
[
"Madrid"
] |
[
{
"text": " Inés Arrimadas García ( ; born 3 July 1981 ) is a Spanish lawyer and politician serving as Member of the Congress of Deputies and Spokesperson of Citizens party in the Congress . She was previously the leader of the regional branch of the party in Catalonia . In March 2020 , she was voted party leader .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": "Arrimadas was born and raised in Jerez de la Frontera . Before entering in politics she worked as a consultant . She became a member of the party in 2011 and she first started being the spokesperson of the youth section . She became an MP of the Catalan parliament after the 2012 election . She was the Leader of the Opposition in the Catalan Parliament from 2015 to 2019 .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": " Early life and career . Arrimadas is the youngest of five children born to Rufino Arrimadas García and Inés García López , both of whom came from Salmoral in the Province of Salamanca . She moved to Barcelona in 2008 .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": "Arrimadas studied at the Catholic school Nuestra Señora del Pilar in Jerez de la Frontera . She became interested in Catalonia as a result of being a fan of FC Barcelona which led her to take Catalan lessons from a Catalan classmate while she was in 7th and 8th grade , during which she learnt the club anthem . When she moved to Barcelona , the company she worked for , Daleph , paid her formal Catalan language classes to obtain the C1 level . Arrimadas is fluent in Spanish , Catalan , English , and French .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": " At age 18 , Arrimadas began studying law at Pablo de Olavide University . She also undertook postgraduate studies in international business at IPAG Business School in Nice organised through the Erasmus programme . At 24 , Arrimadas worked for a year and a half in the petrochemical industry . For six years , she worked as a consultant at DAleph in Barcelona , having moved to the city in 2008 .",
"title": "Inés Arrimadas"
},
{
"text": " In 2010 , Arrimadas coworker invited her to a Citizens public event at Romea theatre , and she accepted the invitation . Afterwards , she started to attend meetings of the political party . In one of those meetings , Albert Rivera went to teach oratory lessons and thought that she had potential . In 2011 , Rivera asked her to go to the Youth Commission of the Parliament of Catalonia . Rivera also offered her to enter in the partys executive office .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "Arrimadas was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia in the 2012 Catalan regional election . She became the spokeswoman of Citizens in Catalonia in 2015 , substituting Jordi Cañas , who resigned due to being indicted for alleged tax fraud . That same year , she was selected leader of the party for the Catalan elections which were held on 27 September . Citizens in Catalonia gained 17.9% of the votes , increasing their representation from 9 to 25 seats , obtaining the greatest anti-independence single party representation and became the party Leader of the Opposition of",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "the Catalan parliament . In September 2017 , Arrimadas reported to police a Catalan female who threatened her with gang rape for opposing independence ; the woman received a four-month suspended jail sentence .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": " The party under Arrimadas secured the most seats in the 2017 election under a single party , but the pro-independence parties retained a narrow majority of seats in the Parliament of Catalonia . During the campaign for the elections of Catalonia in 2017 , a hoax was popularized alleging Arrimadas father was a Francoist secret agent . The cousin of his father was the one in a relevant position as a Francoist governor .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "In 2018 , she denied that the President of Catalonia Lluís Companys was executed by the Spanish State , stating that Companys was executed by a Francoist , fascist regime , not by the Spanish state .",
"title": "Parliament of Catalonia"
},
{
"text": "In 2019 , Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez dissolved the Cortes Generales in response to a budget defeat . In response to the snap election , Arrimadas announced she would run for a seat in the Cortes Generales with senator Lorena Roldán as party spokesperson in the Catalan Parliament and Carlos Carrizosa as leader . In the April 2019 election , Citizens list obtained 12.0% of the vote and 4 seats out of 32 , one of which went to Arrimadas . In the November 2019 election , the partys vote share fell to 6.0% and 2 seats , but Arrimadas",
"title": "Congress of Deputies"
},
{
"text": "nevertheless managed to retain hers and remained a member of the Chamber of Deputies .",
"title": "Congress of Deputies"
},
{
"text": " On 8 March 2020 , Arrimadas was voted leader of Citizens , obtaining 76.9% of the vote in a three-way race .",
"title": "Congress of Deputies"
},
{
"text": " On 30 July 2016 , Arrimadas married Xavier Cima , a former Catalan MP and municipal councillor in Ripoll for the pro-independence Democratic Convergence of Catalonia , at an estate in Jerez de la Frontera . Cima then left politics to work for Kreab in Madrid . Their son was born in May 2020 .",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
/wiki/Shaun_Woodward#P39#0
|
What was the position of Shaun Woodward before Mar 1999?
|
Shaun Woodward Shaun Anthony Woodward ( born 26 October 1958 ) is a British politician who was the Labour Member of Parliament ( MP ) for St Helens South from 2001 to 2015 . He served in the cabinet from 28 June 2007 to 11 May 2010 as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland . Following the 2010 general election , Woodward was the Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland until 7 October 2011 , when he was replaced by Vernon Coaker . A former television researcher and producer , Woodward began his political career in the Conservative Party . He was elected in 1997 as a Conservative MP for Witney , but joined Labour in 1999 . Early life and education . Woodward was educated at Bristol Grammar School , at the time a Direct Grant Grammar School , and now an independent day school , followed by Jesus College , Cambridge , where he studied English literature . He also studied at Harvard University as a Kennedy Scholar . From 1981 to 1982 , he was parliamentary lobbyist for the National Consumer Council . From 1982 to 1990 , he worked as a researcher and producer for BBC TV News and Current Affairs on the programmes Thats Life! , Panorama and Newsnight . He subsequently wrote a book about Ben Hardwick . From 1991 to 1992 , he was director of communications for the Conservative Party . Member of Parliament . Woodward was selected as Douglas Hurds successor as Conservative candidate for the safe seat of Witney at the 1997 election , having previously been a senior official of the party . Elected with a large majority , he was a front-bench spokesman on London for the Conservative opposition under William Hague until 1999 , when he was sacked for supporting the repeal of Section 28 , a regulation which aimed at preventing the promotion of homosexuality in schools . Defection to the Labour Party . After being sacked from the Tory front bench , Woodward then left the Conservative Party to move to the ruling Labour Party , without resigning as an MP . This meant that no by-election took place . He was given a job co-ordinating the Labour partys 2001 general election campaign . Woodwards local Conservative constituency association requested that he resign and run again in a by-election , under the Labour banner , as he had originally won the safe Conservative seat by campaigning as a Conservative . Woodward refused to hold a by-election , and continued to represent his constituency for two years . Woodward was criticised by his former colleagues in the Conservative Party , including leader William Hague , chairman Michael Ancram and Michael Heseltine , and backbench Labour MPs Tony Benn and Jeremy Corbyn , and ten years later , in the 2009 political diaries of former Labour government minister Chris Mullin . Woodwards defection was welcomed by senior Labour figures . In the June 2001 general election , Woodward decided not to contest his Witney seat as a Labour candidate and instead found a safe Labour seat in St Helens South . Chris Mullin wrote with shock of the awful Shaun Woodward defecting to Mullins own side , calling the New Labour elite parachuting [ Woodward ] into a safe seat .. . one of New Labours vilest stitch-ups .. . made my flesh creep . His successor in Witney was David Cameron , who subsequently became Prime Minister in 2010 . When news of Woodwards intention to stand reached St . Helens , a strong left-wing challenge was put forward in an attempt to deny the former Conservative the safe Labour seat . Neil Thompson of the Socialist Alliance and Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party both contested the St Helens South seat and received a total of 12% of the vote between them . Woodward won the seat with a much reduced 49% of the vote . As a Labour MP , Woodward served on the Joint Committee on Human Rights , and was a prominent supporter of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 . In May 2005 , Woodward was re-elected in St Helens South receiving 54% of the vote and his majority increased . However , the Liberal Democrats candidate , Brian Spencer , saw his partys vote increase from 23% in 2001 to 28% . Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party contested the seat again and received just under 2% of the vote . In government . After the 2005 election , Woodward was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office . In the May 2006 reshuffle , Tony Blair named Woodward Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Culture , Media and Sport with responsibilities for the digital switchover for TV . On 28 June 2007 , in his first cabinet , newly appointed Prime Minister Gordon Brown appointed Woodward as the Northern Ireland Secretary , replacing Peter Hain . Woodward chose not to receive a ministerial salary because of his personal wealth . As Northern Ireland Secretary , Woodward reportedly became a close confidant of the Prime Minister , Gordon Brown . This was largely due to Woodwards previous first hand experiences of the beleaguered Conservative government of John Major . In Opposition . Woodward stood for election to Labours shadow cabinet , but was unsuccessful . Nevertheless , he was retained as Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland by Labour leader Ed Miliband for just under a year . In November 2013 he announced that he would stand down from Parliament at the next general election , to work on human rights issues . He was praised for his role by then Labour leader , Ed Miliband , who wrote to him : In 1999 , you made an incredibly hard decision to cross the floor of the House and join the Labour party . It took personal courage and political commitment , and our party will forever be grateful to you . Personal life . He married Camilla Davan Sainsbury , daughter of former Conservative MP Tim Sainsbury of the wealthy supermarket Sainsbury family , on 2 May 1987 ; they announced their separation after 28 years on 20 December 2015 . They have one son and three daughters , including the food blogger Ella Woodward . His current partner is Hollywood camera operator Luke Redgrave , 49 In March 2001 , he was said to be the only Labour MP with a butler . Woodward currently serves as chair of the board of trustees at the Human Dignity Trust and the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ( LAMDA ) . He also serves as a member of the board of directors at the Hamptons International Film Festival . Works . - Death by Television by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Century , 1999 ) - Drugwatch : Just Say No ! by Sarah Caplin , Shaun Woodward ( Corgi , 1986 ) - Ben : Story of Ben Hardwick by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Penguin Character Books , 1985 ) - Thats Life Survey on Tranquillisers by Ron Lacey , Shaun Woodward ( BBC , 1985 ) External links . - Shaun Woodward MP official constituency website - Joint Committee on Human Rights
|
[
"Conservative MP"
] |
[
{
"text": " Shaun Anthony Woodward ( born 26 October 1958 ) is a British politician who was the Labour Member of Parliament ( MP ) for St Helens South from 2001 to 2015 . He served in the cabinet from 28 June 2007 to 11 May 2010 as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland . Following the 2010 general election , Woodward was the Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland until 7 October 2011 , when he was replaced by Vernon Coaker .",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": "A former television researcher and producer , Woodward began his political career in the Conservative Party . He was elected in 1997 as a Conservative MP for Witney , but joined Labour in 1999 .",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": "Woodward was educated at Bristol Grammar School , at the time a Direct Grant Grammar School , and now an independent day school , followed by Jesus College , Cambridge , where he studied English literature . He also studied at Harvard University as a Kennedy Scholar . From 1981 to 1982 , he was parliamentary lobbyist for the National Consumer Council . From 1982 to 1990 , he worked as a researcher and producer for BBC TV News and Current Affairs on the programmes Thats Life! , Panorama and Newsnight . He subsequently wrote a book about Ben Hardwick",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": ". From 1991 to 1992 , he was director of communications for the Conservative Party .",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": " Woodward was selected as Douglas Hurds successor as Conservative candidate for the safe seat of Witney at the 1997 election , having previously been a senior official of the party . Elected with a large majority , he was a front-bench spokesman on London for the Conservative opposition under William Hague until 1999 , when he was sacked for supporting the repeal of Section 28 , a regulation which aimed at preventing the promotion of homosexuality in schools . Defection to the Labour Party .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "After being sacked from the Tory front bench , Woodward then left the Conservative Party to move to the ruling Labour Party , without resigning as an MP . This meant that no by-election took place . He was given a job co-ordinating the Labour partys 2001 general election campaign . Woodwards local Conservative constituency association requested that he resign and run again in a by-election , under the Labour banner , as he had originally won the safe Conservative seat by campaigning as a Conservative . Woodward refused to hold a by-election , and continued to represent his constituency",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "for two years .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " Woodward was criticised by his former colleagues in the Conservative Party , including leader William Hague , chairman Michael Ancram and Michael Heseltine , and backbench Labour MPs Tony Benn and Jeremy Corbyn , and ten years later , in the 2009 political diaries of former Labour government minister Chris Mullin . Woodwards defection was welcomed by senior Labour figures .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "In the June 2001 general election , Woodward decided not to contest his Witney seat as a Labour candidate and instead found a safe Labour seat in St Helens South . Chris Mullin wrote with shock of the awful Shaun Woodward defecting to Mullins own side , calling the New Labour elite parachuting [ Woodward ] into a safe seat .. . one of New Labours vilest stitch-ups .. . made my flesh creep . His successor in Witney was David Cameron , who subsequently became Prime Minister in 2010 .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " When news of Woodwards intention to stand reached St . Helens , a strong left-wing challenge was put forward in an attempt to deny the former Conservative the safe Labour seat . Neil Thompson of the Socialist Alliance and Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party both contested the St Helens South seat and received a total of 12% of the vote between them . Woodward won the seat with a much reduced 49% of the vote .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "As a Labour MP , Woodward served on the Joint Committee on Human Rights , and was a prominent supporter of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " In May 2005 , Woodward was re-elected in St Helens South receiving 54% of the vote and his majority increased . However , the Liberal Democrats candidate , Brian Spencer , saw his partys vote increase from 23% in 2001 to 28% . Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party contested the seat again and received just under 2% of the vote .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " After the 2005 election , Woodward was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office .",
"title": "In government"
},
{
"text": "In the May 2006 reshuffle , Tony Blair named Woodward Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Culture , Media and Sport with responsibilities for the digital switchover for TV . On 28 June 2007 , in his first cabinet , newly appointed Prime Minister Gordon Brown appointed Woodward as the Northern Ireland Secretary , replacing Peter Hain . Woodward chose not to receive a ministerial salary because of his personal wealth . As Northern Ireland Secretary , Woodward reportedly became a close confidant of the Prime Minister , Gordon Brown . This was largely due to Woodwards previous",
"title": "In government"
},
{
"text": "first hand experiences of the beleaguered Conservative government of John Major .",
"title": "In government"
},
{
"text": " Woodward stood for election to Labours shadow cabinet , but was unsuccessful . Nevertheless , he was retained as Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland by Labour leader Ed Miliband for just under a year . In November 2013 he announced that he would stand down from Parliament at the next general election ,",
"title": "In Opposition"
},
{
"text": "to work on human rights issues . He was praised for his role by then Labour leader , Ed Miliband , who wrote to him : In 1999 , you made an incredibly hard decision to cross the floor of the House and join the Labour party . It took personal courage and political commitment , and our party will forever be grateful to you .",
"title": "In Opposition"
},
{
"text": " He married Camilla Davan Sainsbury , daughter of former Conservative MP Tim Sainsbury of the wealthy supermarket Sainsbury family , on 2 May 1987 ; they announced their separation after 28 years on 20 December 2015 . They have one son and three daughters , including the food blogger Ella Woodward . His current partner is Hollywood camera operator Luke Redgrave , 49 In March 2001 , he was said to be the only Labour MP with a butler .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Woodward currently serves as chair of the board of trustees at the Human Dignity Trust and the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ( LAMDA ) . He also serves as a member of the board of directors at the Hamptons International Film Festival .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Death by Television by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Century , 1999 ) - Drugwatch : Just Say No ! by Sarah Caplin , Shaun Woodward ( Corgi , 1986 ) - Ben : Story of Ben Hardwick by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Penguin Character Books , 1985 ) - Thats Life Survey on Tranquillisers by Ron Lacey , Shaun Woodward ( BBC , 1985 )",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Shaun Woodward MP official constituency website - Joint Committee on Human Rights",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Shaun_Woodward#P39#1
|
What was the position of Shaun Woodward between May 2003 and Feb 2004?
|
Shaun Woodward Shaun Anthony Woodward ( born 26 October 1958 ) is a British politician who was the Labour Member of Parliament ( MP ) for St Helens South from 2001 to 2015 . He served in the cabinet from 28 June 2007 to 11 May 2010 as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland . Following the 2010 general election , Woodward was the Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland until 7 October 2011 , when he was replaced by Vernon Coaker . A former television researcher and producer , Woodward began his political career in the Conservative Party . He was elected in 1997 as a Conservative MP for Witney , but joined Labour in 1999 . Early life and education . Woodward was educated at Bristol Grammar School , at the time a Direct Grant Grammar School , and now an independent day school , followed by Jesus College , Cambridge , where he studied English literature . He also studied at Harvard University as a Kennedy Scholar . From 1981 to 1982 , he was parliamentary lobbyist for the National Consumer Council . From 1982 to 1990 , he worked as a researcher and producer for BBC TV News and Current Affairs on the programmes Thats Life! , Panorama and Newsnight . He subsequently wrote a book about Ben Hardwick . From 1991 to 1992 , he was director of communications for the Conservative Party . Member of Parliament . Woodward was selected as Douglas Hurds successor as Conservative candidate for the safe seat of Witney at the 1997 election , having previously been a senior official of the party . Elected with a large majority , he was a front-bench spokesman on London for the Conservative opposition under William Hague until 1999 , when he was sacked for supporting the repeal of Section 28 , a regulation which aimed at preventing the promotion of homosexuality in schools . Defection to the Labour Party . After being sacked from the Tory front bench , Woodward then left the Conservative Party to move to the ruling Labour Party , without resigning as an MP . This meant that no by-election took place . He was given a job co-ordinating the Labour partys 2001 general election campaign . Woodwards local Conservative constituency association requested that he resign and run again in a by-election , under the Labour banner , as he had originally won the safe Conservative seat by campaigning as a Conservative . Woodward refused to hold a by-election , and continued to represent his constituency for two years . Woodward was criticised by his former colleagues in the Conservative Party , including leader William Hague , chairman Michael Ancram and Michael Heseltine , and backbench Labour MPs Tony Benn and Jeremy Corbyn , and ten years later , in the 2009 political diaries of former Labour government minister Chris Mullin . Woodwards defection was welcomed by senior Labour figures . In the June 2001 general election , Woodward decided not to contest his Witney seat as a Labour candidate and instead found a safe Labour seat in St Helens South . Chris Mullin wrote with shock of the awful Shaun Woodward defecting to Mullins own side , calling the New Labour elite parachuting [ Woodward ] into a safe seat .. . one of New Labours vilest stitch-ups .. . made my flesh creep . His successor in Witney was David Cameron , who subsequently became Prime Minister in 2010 . When news of Woodwards intention to stand reached St . Helens , a strong left-wing challenge was put forward in an attempt to deny the former Conservative the safe Labour seat . Neil Thompson of the Socialist Alliance and Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party both contested the St Helens South seat and received a total of 12% of the vote between them . Woodward won the seat with a much reduced 49% of the vote . As a Labour MP , Woodward served on the Joint Committee on Human Rights , and was a prominent supporter of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 . In May 2005 , Woodward was re-elected in St Helens South receiving 54% of the vote and his majority increased . However , the Liberal Democrats candidate , Brian Spencer , saw his partys vote increase from 23% in 2001 to 28% . Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party contested the seat again and received just under 2% of the vote . In government . After the 2005 election , Woodward was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office . In the May 2006 reshuffle , Tony Blair named Woodward Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Culture , Media and Sport with responsibilities for the digital switchover for TV . On 28 June 2007 , in his first cabinet , newly appointed Prime Minister Gordon Brown appointed Woodward as the Northern Ireland Secretary , replacing Peter Hain . Woodward chose not to receive a ministerial salary because of his personal wealth . As Northern Ireland Secretary , Woodward reportedly became a close confidant of the Prime Minister , Gordon Brown . This was largely due to Woodwards previous first hand experiences of the beleaguered Conservative government of John Major . In Opposition . Woodward stood for election to Labours shadow cabinet , but was unsuccessful . Nevertheless , he was retained as Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland by Labour leader Ed Miliband for just under a year . In November 2013 he announced that he would stand down from Parliament at the next general election , to work on human rights issues . He was praised for his role by then Labour leader , Ed Miliband , who wrote to him : In 1999 , you made an incredibly hard decision to cross the floor of the House and join the Labour party . It took personal courage and political commitment , and our party will forever be grateful to you . Personal life . He married Camilla Davan Sainsbury , daughter of former Conservative MP Tim Sainsbury of the wealthy supermarket Sainsbury family , on 2 May 1987 ; they announced their separation after 28 years on 20 December 2015 . They have one son and three daughters , including the food blogger Ella Woodward . His current partner is Hollywood camera operator Luke Redgrave , 49 In March 2001 , he was said to be the only Labour MP with a butler . Woodward currently serves as chair of the board of trustees at the Human Dignity Trust and the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ( LAMDA ) . He also serves as a member of the board of directors at the Hamptons International Film Festival . Works . - Death by Television by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Century , 1999 ) - Drugwatch : Just Say No ! by Sarah Caplin , Shaun Woodward ( Corgi , 1986 ) - Ben : Story of Ben Hardwick by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Penguin Character Books , 1985 ) - Thats Life Survey on Tranquillisers by Ron Lacey , Shaun Woodward ( BBC , 1985 ) External links . - Shaun Woodward MP official constituency website - Joint Committee on Human Rights
|
[
"Labour MP"
] |
[
{
"text": " Shaun Anthony Woodward ( born 26 October 1958 ) is a British politician who was the Labour Member of Parliament ( MP ) for St Helens South from 2001 to 2015 . He served in the cabinet from 28 June 2007 to 11 May 2010 as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland . Following the 2010 general election , Woodward was the Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland until 7 October 2011 , when he was replaced by Vernon Coaker .",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": "A former television researcher and producer , Woodward began his political career in the Conservative Party . He was elected in 1997 as a Conservative MP for Witney , but joined Labour in 1999 .",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": "Woodward was educated at Bristol Grammar School , at the time a Direct Grant Grammar School , and now an independent day school , followed by Jesus College , Cambridge , where he studied English literature . He also studied at Harvard University as a Kennedy Scholar . From 1981 to 1982 , he was parliamentary lobbyist for the National Consumer Council . From 1982 to 1990 , he worked as a researcher and producer for BBC TV News and Current Affairs on the programmes Thats Life! , Panorama and Newsnight . He subsequently wrote a book about Ben Hardwick",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": ". From 1991 to 1992 , he was director of communications for the Conservative Party .",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": " Woodward was selected as Douglas Hurds successor as Conservative candidate for the safe seat of Witney at the 1997 election , having previously been a senior official of the party . Elected with a large majority , he was a front-bench spokesman on London for the Conservative opposition under William Hague until 1999 , when he was sacked for supporting the repeal of Section 28 , a regulation which aimed at preventing the promotion of homosexuality in schools . Defection to the Labour Party .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "After being sacked from the Tory front bench , Woodward then left the Conservative Party to move to the ruling Labour Party , without resigning as an MP . This meant that no by-election took place . He was given a job co-ordinating the Labour partys 2001 general election campaign . Woodwards local Conservative constituency association requested that he resign and run again in a by-election , under the Labour banner , as he had originally won the safe Conservative seat by campaigning as a Conservative . Woodward refused to hold a by-election , and continued to represent his constituency",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "for two years .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " Woodward was criticised by his former colleagues in the Conservative Party , including leader William Hague , chairman Michael Ancram and Michael Heseltine , and backbench Labour MPs Tony Benn and Jeremy Corbyn , and ten years later , in the 2009 political diaries of former Labour government minister Chris Mullin . Woodwards defection was welcomed by senior Labour figures .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "In the June 2001 general election , Woodward decided not to contest his Witney seat as a Labour candidate and instead found a safe Labour seat in St Helens South . Chris Mullin wrote with shock of the awful Shaun Woodward defecting to Mullins own side , calling the New Labour elite parachuting [ Woodward ] into a safe seat .. . one of New Labours vilest stitch-ups .. . made my flesh creep . His successor in Witney was David Cameron , who subsequently became Prime Minister in 2010 .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " When news of Woodwards intention to stand reached St . Helens , a strong left-wing challenge was put forward in an attempt to deny the former Conservative the safe Labour seat . Neil Thompson of the Socialist Alliance and Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party both contested the St Helens South seat and received a total of 12% of the vote between them . Woodward won the seat with a much reduced 49% of the vote .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "As a Labour MP , Woodward served on the Joint Committee on Human Rights , and was a prominent supporter of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " In May 2005 , Woodward was re-elected in St Helens South receiving 54% of the vote and his majority increased . However , the Liberal Democrats candidate , Brian Spencer , saw his partys vote increase from 23% in 2001 to 28% . Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party contested the seat again and received just under 2% of the vote .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " After the 2005 election , Woodward was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office .",
"title": "In government"
},
{
"text": "In the May 2006 reshuffle , Tony Blair named Woodward Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Culture , Media and Sport with responsibilities for the digital switchover for TV . On 28 June 2007 , in his first cabinet , newly appointed Prime Minister Gordon Brown appointed Woodward as the Northern Ireland Secretary , replacing Peter Hain . Woodward chose not to receive a ministerial salary because of his personal wealth . As Northern Ireland Secretary , Woodward reportedly became a close confidant of the Prime Minister , Gordon Brown . This was largely due to Woodwards previous",
"title": "In government"
},
{
"text": "first hand experiences of the beleaguered Conservative government of John Major .",
"title": "In government"
},
{
"text": " Woodward stood for election to Labours shadow cabinet , but was unsuccessful . Nevertheless , he was retained as Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland by Labour leader Ed Miliband for just under a year . In November 2013 he announced that he would stand down from Parliament at the next general election ,",
"title": "In Opposition"
},
{
"text": "to work on human rights issues . He was praised for his role by then Labour leader , Ed Miliband , who wrote to him : In 1999 , you made an incredibly hard decision to cross the floor of the House and join the Labour party . It took personal courage and political commitment , and our party will forever be grateful to you .",
"title": "In Opposition"
},
{
"text": " He married Camilla Davan Sainsbury , daughter of former Conservative MP Tim Sainsbury of the wealthy supermarket Sainsbury family , on 2 May 1987 ; they announced their separation after 28 years on 20 December 2015 . They have one son and three daughters , including the food blogger Ella Woodward . His current partner is Hollywood camera operator Luke Redgrave , 49 In March 2001 , he was said to be the only Labour MP with a butler .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Woodward currently serves as chair of the board of trustees at the Human Dignity Trust and the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ( LAMDA ) . He also serves as a member of the board of directors at the Hamptons International Film Festival .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Death by Television by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Century , 1999 ) - Drugwatch : Just Say No ! by Sarah Caplin , Shaun Woodward ( Corgi , 1986 ) - Ben : Story of Ben Hardwick by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Penguin Character Books , 1985 ) - Thats Life Survey on Tranquillisers by Ron Lacey , Shaun Woodward ( BBC , 1985 )",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Shaun Woodward MP official constituency website - Joint Committee on Human Rights",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Shaun_Woodward#P39#2
|
What was the position of Shaun Woodward in late 2000s?
|
Shaun Woodward Shaun Anthony Woodward ( born 26 October 1958 ) is a British politician who was the Labour Member of Parliament ( MP ) for St Helens South from 2001 to 2015 . He served in the cabinet from 28 June 2007 to 11 May 2010 as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland . Following the 2010 general election , Woodward was the Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland until 7 October 2011 , when he was replaced by Vernon Coaker . A former television researcher and producer , Woodward began his political career in the Conservative Party . He was elected in 1997 as a Conservative MP for Witney , but joined Labour in 1999 . Early life and education . Woodward was educated at Bristol Grammar School , at the time a Direct Grant Grammar School , and now an independent day school , followed by Jesus College , Cambridge , where he studied English literature . He also studied at Harvard University as a Kennedy Scholar . From 1981 to 1982 , he was parliamentary lobbyist for the National Consumer Council . From 1982 to 1990 , he worked as a researcher and producer for BBC TV News and Current Affairs on the programmes Thats Life! , Panorama and Newsnight . He subsequently wrote a book about Ben Hardwick . From 1991 to 1992 , he was director of communications for the Conservative Party . Member of Parliament . Woodward was selected as Douglas Hurds successor as Conservative candidate for the safe seat of Witney at the 1997 election , having previously been a senior official of the party . Elected with a large majority , he was a front-bench spokesman on London for the Conservative opposition under William Hague until 1999 , when he was sacked for supporting the repeal of Section 28 , a regulation which aimed at preventing the promotion of homosexuality in schools . Defection to the Labour Party . After being sacked from the Tory front bench , Woodward then left the Conservative Party to move to the ruling Labour Party , without resigning as an MP . This meant that no by-election took place . He was given a job co-ordinating the Labour partys 2001 general election campaign . Woodwards local Conservative constituency association requested that he resign and run again in a by-election , under the Labour banner , as he had originally won the safe Conservative seat by campaigning as a Conservative . Woodward refused to hold a by-election , and continued to represent his constituency for two years . Woodward was criticised by his former colleagues in the Conservative Party , including leader William Hague , chairman Michael Ancram and Michael Heseltine , and backbench Labour MPs Tony Benn and Jeremy Corbyn , and ten years later , in the 2009 political diaries of former Labour government minister Chris Mullin . Woodwards defection was welcomed by senior Labour figures . In the June 2001 general election , Woodward decided not to contest his Witney seat as a Labour candidate and instead found a safe Labour seat in St Helens South . Chris Mullin wrote with shock of the awful Shaun Woodward defecting to Mullins own side , calling the New Labour elite parachuting [ Woodward ] into a safe seat .. . one of New Labours vilest stitch-ups .. . made my flesh creep . His successor in Witney was David Cameron , who subsequently became Prime Minister in 2010 . When news of Woodwards intention to stand reached St . Helens , a strong left-wing challenge was put forward in an attempt to deny the former Conservative the safe Labour seat . Neil Thompson of the Socialist Alliance and Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party both contested the St Helens South seat and received a total of 12% of the vote between them . Woodward won the seat with a much reduced 49% of the vote . As a Labour MP , Woodward served on the Joint Committee on Human Rights , and was a prominent supporter of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 . In May 2005 , Woodward was re-elected in St Helens South receiving 54% of the vote and his majority increased . However , the Liberal Democrats candidate , Brian Spencer , saw his partys vote increase from 23% in 2001 to 28% . Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party contested the seat again and received just under 2% of the vote . In government . After the 2005 election , Woodward was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office . In the May 2006 reshuffle , Tony Blair named Woodward Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Culture , Media and Sport with responsibilities for the digital switchover for TV . On 28 June 2007 , in his first cabinet , newly appointed Prime Minister Gordon Brown appointed Woodward as the Northern Ireland Secretary , replacing Peter Hain . Woodward chose not to receive a ministerial salary because of his personal wealth . As Northern Ireland Secretary , Woodward reportedly became a close confidant of the Prime Minister , Gordon Brown . This was largely due to Woodwards previous first hand experiences of the beleaguered Conservative government of John Major . In Opposition . Woodward stood for election to Labours shadow cabinet , but was unsuccessful . Nevertheless , he was retained as Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland by Labour leader Ed Miliband for just under a year . In November 2013 he announced that he would stand down from Parliament at the next general election , to work on human rights issues . He was praised for his role by then Labour leader , Ed Miliband , who wrote to him : In 1999 , you made an incredibly hard decision to cross the floor of the House and join the Labour party . It took personal courage and political commitment , and our party will forever be grateful to you . Personal life . He married Camilla Davan Sainsbury , daughter of former Conservative MP Tim Sainsbury of the wealthy supermarket Sainsbury family , on 2 May 1987 ; they announced their separation after 28 years on 20 December 2015 . They have one son and three daughters , including the food blogger Ella Woodward . His current partner is Hollywood camera operator Luke Redgrave , 49 In March 2001 , he was said to be the only Labour MP with a butler . Woodward currently serves as chair of the board of trustees at the Human Dignity Trust and the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ( LAMDA ) . He also serves as a member of the board of directors at the Hamptons International Film Festival . Works . - Death by Television by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Century , 1999 ) - Drugwatch : Just Say No ! by Sarah Caplin , Shaun Woodward ( Corgi , 1986 ) - Ben : Story of Ben Hardwick by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Penguin Character Books , 1985 ) - Thats Life Survey on Tranquillisers by Ron Lacey , Shaun Woodward ( BBC , 1985 ) External links . - Shaun Woodward MP official constituency website - Joint Committee on Human Rights
|
[
"Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State"
] |
[
{
"text": " Shaun Anthony Woodward ( born 26 October 1958 ) is a British politician who was the Labour Member of Parliament ( MP ) for St Helens South from 2001 to 2015 . He served in the cabinet from 28 June 2007 to 11 May 2010 as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland . Following the 2010 general election , Woodward was the Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland until 7 October 2011 , when he was replaced by Vernon Coaker .",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": "A former television researcher and producer , Woodward began his political career in the Conservative Party . He was elected in 1997 as a Conservative MP for Witney , but joined Labour in 1999 .",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": "Woodward was educated at Bristol Grammar School , at the time a Direct Grant Grammar School , and now an independent day school , followed by Jesus College , Cambridge , where he studied English literature . He also studied at Harvard University as a Kennedy Scholar . From 1981 to 1982 , he was parliamentary lobbyist for the National Consumer Council . From 1982 to 1990 , he worked as a researcher and producer for BBC TV News and Current Affairs on the programmes Thats Life! , Panorama and Newsnight . He subsequently wrote a book about Ben Hardwick",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": ". From 1991 to 1992 , he was director of communications for the Conservative Party .",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": " Woodward was selected as Douglas Hurds successor as Conservative candidate for the safe seat of Witney at the 1997 election , having previously been a senior official of the party . Elected with a large majority , he was a front-bench spokesman on London for the Conservative opposition under William Hague until 1999 , when he was sacked for supporting the repeal of Section 28 , a regulation which aimed at preventing the promotion of homosexuality in schools . Defection to the Labour Party .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "After being sacked from the Tory front bench , Woodward then left the Conservative Party to move to the ruling Labour Party , without resigning as an MP . This meant that no by-election took place . He was given a job co-ordinating the Labour partys 2001 general election campaign . Woodwards local Conservative constituency association requested that he resign and run again in a by-election , under the Labour banner , as he had originally won the safe Conservative seat by campaigning as a Conservative . Woodward refused to hold a by-election , and continued to represent his constituency",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "for two years .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " Woodward was criticised by his former colleagues in the Conservative Party , including leader William Hague , chairman Michael Ancram and Michael Heseltine , and backbench Labour MPs Tony Benn and Jeremy Corbyn , and ten years later , in the 2009 political diaries of former Labour government minister Chris Mullin . Woodwards defection was welcomed by senior Labour figures .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "In the June 2001 general election , Woodward decided not to contest his Witney seat as a Labour candidate and instead found a safe Labour seat in St Helens South . Chris Mullin wrote with shock of the awful Shaun Woodward defecting to Mullins own side , calling the New Labour elite parachuting [ Woodward ] into a safe seat .. . one of New Labours vilest stitch-ups .. . made my flesh creep . His successor in Witney was David Cameron , who subsequently became Prime Minister in 2010 .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " When news of Woodwards intention to stand reached St . Helens , a strong left-wing challenge was put forward in an attempt to deny the former Conservative the safe Labour seat . Neil Thompson of the Socialist Alliance and Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party both contested the St Helens South seat and received a total of 12% of the vote between them . Woodward won the seat with a much reduced 49% of the vote .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "As a Labour MP , Woodward served on the Joint Committee on Human Rights , and was a prominent supporter of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " In May 2005 , Woodward was re-elected in St Helens South receiving 54% of the vote and his majority increased . However , the Liberal Democrats candidate , Brian Spencer , saw his partys vote increase from 23% in 2001 to 28% . Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party contested the seat again and received just under 2% of the vote .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " After the 2005 election , Woodward was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office .",
"title": "In government"
},
{
"text": "In the May 2006 reshuffle , Tony Blair named Woodward Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Culture , Media and Sport with responsibilities for the digital switchover for TV . On 28 June 2007 , in his first cabinet , newly appointed Prime Minister Gordon Brown appointed Woodward as the Northern Ireland Secretary , replacing Peter Hain . Woodward chose not to receive a ministerial salary because of his personal wealth . As Northern Ireland Secretary , Woodward reportedly became a close confidant of the Prime Minister , Gordon Brown . This was largely due to Woodwards previous",
"title": "In government"
},
{
"text": "first hand experiences of the beleaguered Conservative government of John Major .",
"title": "In government"
},
{
"text": " Woodward stood for election to Labours shadow cabinet , but was unsuccessful . Nevertheless , he was retained as Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland by Labour leader Ed Miliband for just under a year . In November 2013 he announced that he would stand down from Parliament at the next general election ,",
"title": "In Opposition"
},
{
"text": "to work on human rights issues . He was praised for his role by then Labour leader , Ed Miliband , who wrote to him : In 1999 , you made an incredibly hard decision to cross the floor of the House and join the Labour party . It took personal courage and political commitment , and our party will forever be grateful to you .",
"title": "In Opposition"
},
{
"text": " He married Camilla Davan Sainsbury , daughter of former Conservative MP Tim Sainsbury of the wealthy supermarket Sainsbury family , on 2 May 1987 ; they announced their separation after 28 years on 20 December 2015 . They have one son and three daughters , including the food blogger Ella Woodward . His current partner is Hollywood camera operator Luke Redgrave , 49 In March 2001 , he was said to be the only Labour MP with a butler .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Woodward currently serves as chair of the board of trustees at the Human Dignity Trust and the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ( LAMDA ) . He also serves as a member of the board of directors at the Hamptons International Film Festival .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Death by Television by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Century , 1999 ) - Drugwatch : Just Say No ! by Sarah Caplin , Shaun Woodward ( Corgi , 1986 ) - Ben : Story of Ben Hardwick by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Penguin Character Books , 1985 ) - Thats Life Survey on Tranquillisers by Ron Lacey , Shaun Woodward ( BBC , 1985 )",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Shaun Woodward MP official constituency website - Joint Committee on Human Rights",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Shaun_Woodward#P39#3
|
What was the position of Shaun Woodward between Mar 2011 and Jul 2011?
|
Shaun Woodward Shaun Anthony Woodward ( born 26 October 1958 ) is a British politician who was the Labour Member of Parliament ( MP ) for St Helens South from 2001 to 2015 . He served in the cabinet from 28 June 2007 to 11 May 2010 as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland . Following the 2010 general election , Woodward was the Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland until 7 October 2011 , when he was replaced by Vernon Coaker . A former television researcher and producer , Woodward began his political career in the Conservative Party . He was elected in 1997 as a Conservative MP for Witney , but joined Labour in 1999 . Early life and education . Woodward was educated at Bristol Grammar School , at the time a Direct Grant Grammar School , and now an independent day school , followed by Jesus College , Cambridge , where he studied English literature . He also studied at Harvard University as a Kennedy Scholar . From 1981 to 1982 , he was parliamentary lobbyist for the National Consumer Council . From 1982 to 1990 , he worked as a researcher and producer for BBC TV News and Current Affairs on the programmes Thats Life! , Panorama and Newsnight . He subsequently wrote a book about Ben Hardwick . From 1991 to 1992 , he was director of communications for the Conservative Party . Member of Parliament . Woodward was selected as Douglas Hurds successor as Conservative candidate for the safe seat of Witney at the 1997 election , having previously been a senior official of the party . Elected with a large majority , he was a front-bench spokesman on London for the Conservative opposition under William Hague until 1999 , when he was sacked for supporting the repeal of Section 28 , a regulation which aimed at preventing the promotion of homosexuality in schools . Defection to the Labour Party . After being sacked from the Tory front bench , Woodward then left the Conservative Party to move to the ruling Labour Party , without resigning as an MP . This meant that no by-election took place . He was given a job co-ordinating the Labour partys 2001 general election campaign . Woodwards local Conservative constituency association requested that he resign and run again in a by-election , under the Labour banner , as he had originally won the safe Conservative seat by campaigning as a Conservative . Woodward refused to hold a by-election , and continued to represent his constituency for two years . Woodward was criticised by his former colleagues in the Conservative Party , including leader William Hague , chairman Michael Ancram and Michael Heseltine , and backbench Labour MPs Tony Benn and Jeremy Corbyn , and ten years later , in the 2009 political diaries of former Labour government minister Chris Mullin . Woodwards defection was welcomed by senior Labour figures . In the June 2001 general election , Woodward decided not to contest his Witney seat as a Labour candidate and instead found a safe Labour seat in St Helens South . Chris Mullin wrote with shock of the awful Shaun Woodward defecting to Mullins own side , calling the New Labour elite parachuting [ Woodward ] into a safe seat .. . one of New Labours vilest stitch-ups .. . made my flesh creep . His successor in Witney was David Cameron , who subsequently became Prime Minister in 2010 . When news of Woodwards intention to stand reached St . Helens , a strong left-wing challenge was put forward in an attempt to deny the former Conservative the safe Labour seat . Neil Thompson of the Socialist Alliance and Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party both contested the St Helens South seat and received a total of 12% of the vote between them . Woodward won the seat with a much reduced 49% of the vote . As a Labour MP , Woodward served on the Joint Committee on Human Rights , and was a prominent supporter of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 . In May 2005 , Woodward was re-elected in St Helens South receiving 54% of the vote and his majority increased . However , the Liberal Democrats candidate , Brian Spencer , saw his partys vote increase from 23% in 2001 to 28% . Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party contested the seat again and received just under 2% of the vote . In government . After the 2005 election , Woodward was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office . In the May 2006 reshuffle , Tony Blair named Woodward Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Culture , Media and Sport with responsibilities for the digital switchover for TV . On 28 June 2007 , in his first cabinet , newly appointed Prime Minister Gordon Brown appointed Woodward as the Northern Ireland Secretary , replacing Peter Hain . Woodward chose not to receive a ministerial salary because of his personal wealth . As Northern Ireland Secretary , Woodward reportedly became a close confidant of the Prime Minister , Gordon Brown . This was largely due to Woodwards previous first hand experiences of the beleaguered Conservative government of John Major . In Opposition . Woodward stood for election to Labours shadow cabinet , but was unsuccessful . Nevertheless , he was retained as Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland by Labour leader Ed Miliband for just under a year . In November 2013 he announced that he would stand down from Parliament at the next general election , to work on human rights issues . He was praised for his role by then Labour leader , Ed Miliband , who wrote to him : In 1999 , you made an incredibly hard decision to cross the floor of the House and join the Labour party . It took personal courage and political commitment , and our party will forever be grateful to you . Personal life . He married Camilla Davan Sainsbury , daughter of former Conservative MP Tim Sainsbury of the wealthy supermarket Sainsbury family , on 2 May 1987 ; they announced their separation after 28 years on 20 December 2015 . They have one son and three daughters , including the food blogger Ella Woodward . His current partner is Hollywood camera operator Luke Redgrave , 49 In March 2001 , he was said to be the only Labour MP with a butler . Woodward currently serves as chair of the board of trustees at the Human Dignity Trust and the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ( LAMDA ) . He also serves as a member of the board of directors at the Hamptons International Film Festival . Works . - Death by Television by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Century , 1999 ) - Drugwatch : Just Say No ! by Sarah Caplin , Shaun Woodward ( Corgi , 1986 ) - Ben : Story of Ben Hardwick by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Penguin Character Books , 1985 ) - Thats Life Survey on Tranquillisers by Ron Lacey , Shaun Woodward ( BBC , 1985 ) External links . - Shaun Woodward MP official constituency website - Joint Committee on Human Rights
|
[
"Shadow Secretary of State"
] |
[
{
"text": " Shaun Anthony Woodward ( born 26 October 1958 ) is a British politician who was the Labour Member of Parliament ( MP ) for St Helens South from 2001 to 2015 . He served in the cabinet from 28 June 2007 to 11 May 2010 as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland . Following the 2010 general election , Woodward was the Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland until 7 October 2011 , when he was replaced by Vernon Coaker .",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": "A former television researcher and producer , Woodward began his political career in the Conservative Party . He was elected in 1997 as a Conservative MP for Witney , but joined Labour in 1999 .",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": "Woodward was educated at Bristol Grammar School , at the time a Direct Grant Grammar School , and now an independent day school , followed by Jesus College , Cambridge , where he studied English literature . He also studied at Harvard University as a Kennedy Scholar . From 1981 to 1982 , he was parliamentary lobbyist for the National Consumer Council . From 1982 to 1990 , he worked as a researcher and producer for BBC TV News and Current Affairs on the programmes Thats Life! , Panorama and Newsnight . He subsequently wrote a book about Ben Hardwick",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": ". From 1991 to 1992 , he was director of communications for the Conservative Party .",
"title": "Shaun Woodward"
},
{
"text": " Woodward was selected as Douglas Hurds successor as Conservative candidate for the safe seat of Witney at the 1997 election , having previously been a senior official of the party . Elected with a large majority , he was a front-bench spokesman on London for the Conservative opposition under William Hague until 1999 , when he was sacked for supporting the repeal of Section 28 , a regulation which aimed at preventing the promotion of homosexuality in schools . Defection to the Labour Party .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "After being sacked from the Tory front bench , Woodward then left the Conservative Party to move to the ruling Labour Party , without resigning as an MP . This meant that no by-election took place . He was given a job co-ordinating the Labour partys 2001 general election campaign . Woodwards local Conservative constituency association requested that he resign and run again in a by-election , under the Labour banner , as he had originally won the safe Conservative seat by campaigning as a Conservative . Woodward refused to hold a by-election , and continued to represent his constituency",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "for two years .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " Woodward was criticised by his former colleagues in the Conservative Party , including leader William Hague , chairman Michael Ancram and Michael Heseltine , and backbench Labour MPs Tony Benn and Jeremy Corbyn , and ten years later , in the 2009 political diaries of former Labour government minister Chris Mullin . Woodwards defection was welcomed by senior Labour figures .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "In the June 2001 general election , Woodward decided not to contest his Witney seat as a Labour candidate and instead found a safe Labour seat in St Helens South . Chris Mullin wrote with shock of the awful Shaun Woodward defecting to Mullins own side , calling the New Labour elite parachuting [ Woodward ] into a safe seat .. . one of New Labours vilest stitch-ups .. . made my flesh creep . His successor in Witney was David Cameron , who subsequently became Prime Minister in 2010 .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " When news of Woodwards intention to stand reached St . Helens , a strong left-wing challenge was put forward in an attempt to deny the former Conservative the safe Labour seat . Neil Thompson of the Socialist Alliance and Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party both contested the St Helens South seat and received a total of 12% of the vote between them . Woodward won the seat with a much reduced 49% of the vote .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": "As a Labour MP , Woodward served on the Joint Committee on Human Rights , and was a prominent supporter of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " In May 2005 , Woodward was re-elected in St Helens South receiving 54% of the vote and his majority increased . However , the Liberal Democrats candidate , Brian Spencer , saw his partys vote increase from 23% in 2001 to 28% . Michael Perry of the Socialist Labour Party contested the seat again and received just under 2% of the vote .",
"title": "Member of Parliament"
},
{
"text": " After the 2005 election , Woodward was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office .",
"title": "In government"
},
{
"text": "In the May 2006 reshuffle , Tony Blair named Woodward Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Culture , Media and Sport with responsibilities for the digital switchover for TV . On 28 June 2007 , in his first cabinet , newly appointed Prime Minister Gordon Brown appointed Woodward as the Northern Ireland Secretary , replacing Peter Hain . Woodward chose not to receive a ministerial salary because of his personal wealth . As Northern Ireland Secretary , Woodward reportedly became a close confidant of the Prime Minister , Gordon Brown . This was largely due to Woodwards previous",
"title": "In government"
},
{
"text": "first hand experiences of the beleaguered Conservative government of John Major .",
"title": "In government"
},
{
"text": " Woodward stood for election to Labours shadow cabinet , but was unsuccessful . Nevertheless , he was retained as Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland by Labour leader Ed Miliband for just under a year . In November 2013 he announced that he would stand down from Parliament at the next general election ,",
"title": "In Opposition"
},
{
"text": "to work on human rights issues . He was praised for his role by then Labour leader , Ed Miliband , who wrote to him : In 1999 , you made an incredibly hard decision to cross the floor of the House and join the Labour party . It took personal courage and political commitment , and our party will forever be grateful to you .",
"title": "In Opposition"
},
{
"text": " He married Camilla Davan Sainsbury , daughter of former Conservative MP Tim Sainsbury of the wealthy supermarket Sainsbury family , on 2 May 1987 ; they announced their separation after 28 years on 20 December 2015 . They have one son and three daughters , including the food blogger Ella Woodward . His current partner is Hollywood camera operator Luke Redgrave , 49 In March 2001 , he was said to be the only Labour MP with a butler .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "Woodward currently serves as chair of the board of trustees at the Human Dignity Trust and the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ( LAMDA ) . He also serves as a member of the board of directors at the Hamptons International Film Festival .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Death by Television by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Century , 1999 ) - Drugwatch : Just Say No ! by Sarah Caplin , Shaun Woodward ( Corgi , 1986 ) - Ben : Story of Ben Hardwick by Esther Rantzen , Shaun Woodward ( Penguin Character Books , 1985 ) - Thats Life Survey on Tranquillisers by Ron Lacey , Shaun Woodward ( BBC , 1985 )",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"text": " - Shaun Woodward MP official constituency website - Joint Committee on Human Rights",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Joanna_Frueh#P108#0
|
What was the name of the employer Joanna Frueh work for in Jun 1982?
|
Joanna Frueh Joanna Frueh ( 1948–2020 ) was an American artist , writer , and feminist scholar . Early life . Frueh was born on January 18 , 1948 in Chicago , Illinois to Erne Rene Frueh and Florence ( Pass ) Frueh . Both parents were well educated , her father in visual arts and her mother in classical piano . Together they authored a book about stained glass in Chicago , which was published by Loyola University Press in 1983 . Their two successive homes in Highland Park were designed by architects Crombie Taylor and Robert Tague . Education . Frueh received her Bachelor of Art from Sarah Lawrence College in 1970 ; and her Master of Arts from the University of Chicago in 1971 ; and her PhD , from the University of Chicago in 1981 . Career . Frueh was the director of Artemisia Gallery , in Chicago , one of the earliest womens art galleries in the United States during 1974–1976 . Her book Monster Beauty : Building the Body of Love , dealing with the aesthetics of beauty , pleasure and the erotic in everyday life was published by the University of California Press . Her writing combined theory with autobiography , photography , and poetry . Frueh authored and edited several books , notably Erotic Faculties ( University of California Press , 1996 ) and Hannah Wilke : A Retrospective ( 1989 ) ; and was coeditor of Picturing the Modern Amazon ( 2000 ) , Feminist Art Criticism : Art , Identity , Action ( 1994 ) , and Feminist Art Criticism : An Anthology ( 1991 ) . She wrote articles and reviews for Art in America , Art Journal , AfterImage , High Performance Magazine , and New Art Examiner , among others . Freuh was also a photographer and performance artist ; many of her photographs are collaborative self-portraits . Her work was exhibited internationally . Teaching . She was Professor Emerita of Art History at the University of Nevada , Reno , where she served from 1990 to 2006 . Prior to that she was assistant professor of art history at Oberlin College , Oberlin , Ohio , ( 1983–1985 ) and the University of Arizona , Tucson ( 1981–1983 ) . Awards . Frueh was awarded a Womens Caucus for Art Honor Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Visual Arts in 2008 . Published works . Books . - BRUMAS : A Rock Stars Passage to a Life Re-Vamped . Includes series of black-and-white self-portrait photos shot by Glascock and Glascock . Oberlin , Ohio and Ukiah , California : Freshcut Press , 1982 . - Hannah Wilke : A Retrospective . With Hannah Wilke and Thomas H . Kochheiser . St . Louis , Missouri : University of Missouri Press , 1989 . - Feminist Art Criticism : An Anthology . Co-edited with Arlene Raven and Cassandra L . Langer . New York , New York : Icon Editions , 1991 . Second edition . New York , New York : Routledge , 2019 . - New Feminist Criticism : Art , Identity , Action . Co-edited with Arlene Raven and Cassandra L . Langer . New York , New York : Icon Editions , 1993 . - Erotic Faculties . Berkeley , California : University of California Press , 1996 . - Picturing the Modern Amazon . With the New Museum of Contemporary Art . New York , New York : Rizzoli , 1999 . - Monster/Beauty : Building the Body of Love . Berkeley , California : University of California Press , 2001 . - The Glamour of Being Real . Tucson : ErneRené Press , 2013 . - Joanna Frueh : A Retrospective . With Tanya Augsburg and Sheppard Fine Art Gallery . Reno , Nevada : Nevada Museum of Art , 2005 . - Swooning Beauty : A Memoir of Pleasure . Reno , Nevada : University of Nevada Press , 2006 . - Clairvoyance ( For Those In The Desert ) : Performance Pieces , 1979-2004 . Durham , North Carolina : Duke University Press , 2008 . - Unapologetic Beauty . With Frances Murray . Minneapolis , Minnesota : University of Minnesota Press , 2019 . Death . Frueh died in Tucson , Arizona on February 20 , 2020 , due to complications from breast cancer . Her archives are located at Stanford University Library Special Collections .
|
[
"University of Arizona"
] |
[
{
"text": " Joanna Frueh ( 1948–2020 ) was an American artist , writer , and feminist scholar .",
"title": "Joanna Frueh"
},
{
"text": " Frueh was born on January 18 , 1948 in Chicago , Illinois to Erne Rene Frueh and Florence ( Pass ) Frueh . Both parents were well educated , her father in visual arts and her mother in classical piano . Together they authored a book about stained glass in Chicago , which was published by Loyola University Press in 1983 . Their two successive homes in Highland Park were designed by architects Crombie Taylor and Robert Tague .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Frueh received her Bachelor of Art from Sarah Lawrence College in 1970 ; and her Master of Arts from the University of Chicago in 1971 ; and her PhD , from the University of Chicago in 1981 .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Frueh was the director of Artemisia Gallery , in Chicago , one of the earliest womens art galleries in the United States during 1974–1976 . Her book Monster Beauty : Building the Body of Love , dealing with the aesthetics of beauty , pleasure and the erotic in everyday life was published by the University of California Press . Her writing combined theory with autobiography , photography , and poetry .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Frueh authored and edited several books , notably Erotic Faculties ( University of California Press , 1996 ) and Hannah Wilke : A Retrospective ( 1989 ) ; and was coeditor of Picturing the Modern Amazon ( 2000 ) , Feminist Art Criticism : Art , Identity , Action ( 1994 ) , and Feminist Art Criticism : An Anthology ( 1991 ) . She wrote articles and reviews for Art in America , Art Journal , AfterImage , High Performance Magazine , and New Art Examiner , among others .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Freuh was also a photographer and performance artist ; many of her photographs are collaborative self-portraits . Her work was exhibited internationally .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " She was Professor Emerita of Art History at the University of Nevada , Reno , where she served from 1990 to 2006 . Prior to that she was assistant professor of art history at Oberlin College , Oberlin , Ohio , ( 1983–1985 ) and the University of Arizona , Tucson ( 1981–1983 ) .",
"title": "Teaching"
},
{
"text": " Frueh was awarded a Womens Caucus for Art Honor Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Visual Arts in 2008 .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - BRUMAS : A Rock Stars Passage to a Life Re-Vamped . Includes series of black-and-white self-portrait photos shot by Glascock and Glascock . Oberlin , Ohio and Ukiah , California : Freshcut Press , 1982 . - Hannah Wilke : A Retrospective . With Hannah Wilke and Thomas H . Kochheiser . St . Louis , Missouri : University of Missouri Press , 1989 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": "- Feminist Art Criticism : An Anthology . Co-edited with Arlene Raven and Cassandra L . Langer . New York , New York : Icon Editions , 1991 . Second edition . New York , New York : Routledge , 2019 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": " - New Feminist Criticism : Art , Identity , Action . Co-edited with Arlene Raven and Cassandra L . Langer . New York , New York : Icon Editions , 1993 . - Erotic Faculties . Berkeley , California : University of California Press , 1996 . - Picturing the Modern Amazon . With the New Museum of Contemporary Art . New York , New York : Rizzoli , 1999 . - Monster/Beauty : Building the Body of Love . Berkeley , California : University of California Press , 2001 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": "- The Glamour of Being Real . Tucson : ErneRené Press , 2013 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": " - Joanna Frueh : A Retrospective . With Tanya Augsburg and Sheppard Fine Art Gallery . Reno , Nevada : Nevada Museum of Art , 2005 . - Swooning Beauty : A Memoir of Pleasure . Reno , Nevada : University of Nevada Press , 2006 . - Clairvoyance ( For Those In The Desert ) : Performance Pieces , 1979-2004 . Durham , North Carolina : Duke University Press , 2008 . - Unapologetic Beauty . With Frances Murray . Minneapolis , Minnesota : University of Minnesota Press , 2019 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": " Frueh died in Tucson , Arizona on February 20 , 2020 , due to complications from breast cancer . Her archives are located at Stanford University Library Special Collections .",
"title": "Death"
}
] |
/wiki/Joanna_Frueh#P108#1
|
What was the name of the employer Joanna Frueh work for in Feb 1983?
|
Joanna Frueh Joanna Frueh ( 1948–2020 ) was an American artist , writer , and feminist scholar . Early life . Frueh was born on January 18 , 1948 in Chicago , Illinois to Erne Rene Frueh and Florence ( Pass ) Frueh . Both parents were well educated , her father in visual arts and her mother in classical piano . Together they authored a book about stained glass in Chicago , which was published by Loyola University Press in 1983 . Their two successive homes in Highland Park were designed by architects Crombie Taylor and Robert Tague . Education . Frueh received her Bachelor of Art from Sarah Lawrence College in 1970 ; and her Master of Arts from the University of Chicago in 1971 ; and her PhD , from the University of Chicago in 1981 . Career . Frueh was the director of Artemisia Gallery , in Chicago , one of the earliest womens art galleries in the United States during 1974–1976 . Her book Monster Beauty : Building the Body of Love , dealing with the aesthetics of beauty , pleasure and the erotic in everyday life was published by the University of California Press . Her writing combined theory with autobiography , photography , and poetry . Frueh authored and edited several books , notably Erotic Faculties ( University of California Press , 1996 ) and Hannah Wilke : A Retrospective ( 1989 ) ; and was coeditor of Picturing the Modern Amazon ( 2000 ) , Feminist Art Criticism : Art , Identity , Action ( 1994 ) , and Feminist Art Criticism : An Anthology ( 1991 ) . She wrote articles and reviews for Art in America , Art Journal , AfterImage , High Performance Magazine , and New Art Examiner , among others . Freuh was also a photographer and performance artist ; many of her photographs are collaborative self-portraits . Her work was exhibited internationally . Teaching . She was Professor Emerita of Art History at the University of Nevada , Reno , where she served from 1990 to 2006 . Prior to that she was assistant professor of art history at Oberlin College , Oberlin , Ohio , ( 1983–1985 ) and the University of Arizona , Tucson ( 1981–1983 ) . Awards . Frueh was awarded a Womens Caucus for Art Honor Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Visual Arts in 2008 . Published works . Books . - BRUMAS : A Rock Stars Passage to a Life Re-Vamped . Includes series of black-and-white self-portrait photos shot by Glascock and Glascock . Oberlin , Ohio and Ukiah , California : Freshcut Press , 1982 . - Hannah Wilke : A Retrospective . With Hannah Wilke and Thomas H . Kochheiser . St . Louis , Missouri : University of Missouri Press , 1989 . - Feminist Art Criticism : An Anthology . Co-edited with Arlene Raven and Cassandra L . Langer . New York , New York : Icon Editions , 1991 . Second edition . New York , New York : Routledge , 2019 . - New Feminist Criticism : Art , Identity , Action . Co-edited with Arlene Raven and Cassandra L . Langer . New York , New York : Icon Editions , 1993 . - Erotic Faculties . Berkeley , California : University of California Press , 1996 . - Picturing the Modern Amazon . With the New Museum of Contemporary Art . New York , New York : Rizzoli , 1999 . - Monster/Beauty : Building the Body of Love . Berkeley , California : University of California Press , 2001 . - The Glamour of Being Real . Tucson : ErneRené Press , 2013 . - Joanna Frueh : A Retrospective . With Tanya Augsburg and Sheppard Fine Art Gallery . Reno , Nevada : Nevada Museum of Art , 2005 . - Swooning Beauty : A Memoir of Pleasure . Reno , Nevada : University of Nevada Press , 2006 . - Clairvoyance ( For Those In The Desert ) : Performance Pieces , 1979-2004 . Durham , North Carolina : Duke University Press , 2008 . - Unapologetic Beauty . With Frances Murray . Minneapolis , Minnesota : University of Minnesota Press , 2019 . Death . Frueh died in Tucson , Arizona on February 20 , 2020 , due to complications from breast cancer . Her archives are located at Stanford University Library Special Collections .
|
[
"Oberlin College , Oberlin , Ohio"
] |
[
{
"text": " Joanna Frueh ( 1948–2020 ) was an American artist , writer , and feminist scholar .",
"title": "Joanna Frueh"
},
{
"text": " Frueh was born on January 18 , 1948 in Chicago , Illinois to Erne Rene Frueh and Florence ( Pass ) Frueh . Both parents were well educated , her father in visual arts and her mother in classical piano . Together they authored a book about stained glass in Chicago , which was published by Loyola University Press in 1983 . Their two successive homes in Highland Park were designed by architects Crombie Taylor and Robert Tague .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Frueh received her Bachelor of Art from Sarah Lawrence College in 1970 ; and her Master of Arts from the University of Chicago in 1971 ; and her PhD , from the University of Chicago in 1981 .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Frueh was the director of Artemisia Gallery , in Chicago , one of the earliest womens art galleries in the United States during 1974–1976 . Her book Monster Beauty : Building the Body of Love , dealing with the aesthetics of beauty , pleasure and the erotic in everyday life was published by the University of California Press . Her writing combined theory with autobiography , photography , and poetry .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Frueh authored and edited several books , notably Erotic Faculties ( University of California Press , 1996 ) and Hannah Wilke : A Retrospective ( 1989 ) ; and was coeditor of Picturing the Modern Amazon ( 2000 ) , Feminist Art Criticism : Art , Identity , Action ( 1994 ) , and Feminist Art Criticism : An Anthology ( 1991 ) . She wrote articles and reviews for Art in America , Art Journal , AfterImage , High Performance Magazine , and New Art Examiner , among others .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Freuh was also a photographer and performance artist ; many of her photographs are collaborative self-portraits . Her work was exhibited internationally .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " She was Professor Emerita of Art History at the University of Nevada , Reno , where she served from 1990 to 2006 . Prior to that she was assistant professor of art history at Oberlin College , Oberlin , Ohio , ( 1983–1985 ) and the University of Arizona , Tucson ( 1981–1983 ) .",
"title": "Teaching"
},
{
"text": " Frueh was awarded a Womens Caucus for Art Honor Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Visual Arts in 2008 .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - BRUMAS : A Rock Stars Passage to a Life Re-Vamped . Includes series of black-and-white self-portrait photos shot by Glascock and Glascock . Oberlin , Ohio and Ukiah , California : Freshcut Press , 1982 . - Hannah Wilke : A Retrospective . With Hannah Wilke and Thomas H . Kochheiser . St . Louis , Missouri : University of Missouri Press , 1989 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": "- Feminist Art Criticism : An Anthology . Co-edited with Arlene Raven and Cassandra L . Langer . New York , New York : Icon Editions , 1991 . Second edition . New York , New York : Routledge , 2019 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": " - New Feminist Criticism : Art , Identity , Action . Co-edited with Arlene Raven and Cassandra L . Langer . New York , New York : Icon Editions , 1993 . - Erotic Faculties . Berkeley , California : University of California Press , 1996 . - Picturing the Modern Amazon . With the New Museum of Contemporary Art . New York , New York : Rizzoli , 1999 . - Monster/Beauty : Building the Body of Love . Berkeley , California : University of California Press , 2001 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": "- The Glamour of Being Real . Tucson : ErneRené Press , 2013 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": " - Joanna Frueh : A Retrospective . With Tanya Augsburg and Sheppard Fine Art Gallery . Reno , Nevada : Nevada Museum of Art , 2005 . - Swooning Beauty : A Memoir of Pleasure . Reno , Nevada : University of Nevada Press , 2006 . - Clairvoyance ( For Those In The Desert ) : Performance Pieces , 1979-2004 . Durham , North Carolina : Duke University Press , 2008 . - Unapologetic Beauty . With Frances Murray . Minneapolis , Minnesota : University of Minnesota Press , 2019 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": " Frueh died in Tucson , Arizona on February 20 , 2020 , due to complications from breast cancer . Her archives are located at Stanford University Library Special Collections .",
"title": "Death"
}
] |
/wiki/Joanna_Frueh#P108#2
|
What was the name of the employer Joanna Frueh work for between Mar 2005 and May 2005?
|
Joanna Frueh Joanna Frueh ( 1948–2020 ) was an American artist , writer , and feminist scholar . Early life . Frueh was born on January 18 , 1948 in Chicago , Illinois to Erne Rene Frueh and Florence ( Pass ) Frueh . Both parents were well educated , her father in visual arts and her mother in classical piano . Together they authored a book about stained glass in Chicago , which was published by Loyola University Press in 1983 . Their two successive homes in Highland Park were designed by architects Crombie Taylor and Robert Tague . Education . Frueh received her Bachelor of Art from Sarah Lawrence College in 1970 ; and her Master of Arts from the University of Chicago in 1971 ; and her PhD , from the University of Chicago in 1981 . Career . Frueh was the director of Artemisia Gallery , in Chicago , one of the earliest womens art galleries in the United States during 1974–1976 . Her book Monster Beauty : Building the Body of Love , dealing with the aesthetics of beauty , pleasure and the erotic in everyday life was published by the University of California Press . Her writing combined theory with autobiography , photography , and poetry . Frueh authored and edited several books , notably Erotic Faculties ( University of California Press , 1996 ) and Hannah Wilke : A Retrospective ( 1989 ) ; and was coeditor of Picturing the Modern Amazon ( 2000 ) , Feminist Art Criticism : Art , Identity , Action ( 1994 ) , and Feminist Art Criticism : An Anthology ( 1991 ) . She wrote articles and reviews for Art in America , Art Journal , AfterImage , High Performance Magazine , and New Art Examiner , among others . Freuh was also a photographer and performance artist ; many of her photographs are collaborative self-portraits . Her work was exhibited internationally . Teaching . She was Professor Emerita of Art History at the University of Nevada , Reno , where she served from 1990 to 2006 . Prior to that she was assistant professor of art history at Oberlin College , Oberlin , Ohio , ( 1983–1985 ) and the University of Arizona , Tucson ( 1981–1983 ) . Awards . Frueh was awarded a Womens Caucus for Art Honor Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Visual Arts in 2008 . Published works . Books . - BRUMAS : A Rock Stars Passage to a Life Re-Vamped . Includes series of black-and-white self-portrait photos shot by Glascock and Glascock . Oberlin , Ohio and Ukiah , California : Freshcut Press , 1982 . - Hannah Wilke : A Retrospective . With Hannah Wilke and Thomas H . Kochheiser . St . Louis , Missouri : University of Missouri Press , 1989 . - Feminist Art Criticism : An Anthology . Co-edited with Arlene Raven and Cassandra L . Langer . New York , New York : Icon Editions , 1991 . Second edition . New York , New York : Routledge , 2019 . - New Feminist Criticism : Art , Identity , Action . Co-edited with Arlene Raven and Cassandra L . Langer . New York , New York : Icon Editions , 1993 . - Erotic Faculties . Berkeley , California : University of California Press , 1996 . - Picturing the Modern Amazon . With the New Museum of Contemporary Art . New York , New York : Rizzoli , 1999 . - Monster/Beauty : Building the Body of Love . Berkeley , California : University of California Press , 2001 . - The Glamour of Being Real . Tucson : ErneRené Press , 2013 . - Joanna Frueh : A Retrospective . With Tanya Augsburg and Sheppard Fine Art Gallery . Reno , Nevada : Nevada Museum of Art , 2005 . - Swooning Beauty : A Memoir of Pleasure . Reno , Nevada : University of Nevada Press , 2006 . - Clairvoyance ( For Those In The Desert ) : Performance Pieces , 1979-2004 . Durham , North Carolina : Duke University Press , 2008 . - Unapologetic Beauty . With Frances Murray . Minneapolis , Minnesota : University of Minnesota Press , 2019 . Death . Frueh died in Tucson , Arizona on February 20 , 2020 , due to complications from breast cancer . Her archives are located at Stanford University Library Special Collections .
|
[
"University of Nevada"
] |
[
{
"text": " Joanna Frueh ( 1948–2020 ) was an American artist , writer , and feminist scholar .",
"title": "Joanna Frueh"
},
{
"text": " Frueh was born on January 18 , 1948 in Chicago , Illinois to Erne Rene Frueh and Florence ( Pass ) Frueh . Both parents were well educated , her father in visual arts and her mother in classical piano . Together they authored a book about stained glass in Chicago , which was published by Loyola University Press in 1983 . Their two successive homes in Highland Park were designed by architects Crombie Taylor and Robert Tague .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Frueh received her Bachelor of Art from Sarah Lawrence College in 1970 ; and her Master of Arts from the University of Chicago in 1971 ; and her PhD , from the University of Chicago in 1981 .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Frueh was the director of Artemisia Gallery , in Chicago , one of the earliest womens art galleries in the United States during 1974–1976 . Her book Monster Beauty : Building the Body of Love , dealing with the aesthetics of beauty , pleasure and the erotic in everyday life was published by the University of California Press . Her writing combined theory with autobiography , photography , and poetry .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": "Frueh authored and edited several books , notably Erotic Faculties ( University of California Press , 1996 ) and Hannah Wilke : A Retrospective ( 1989 ) ; and was coeditor of Picturing the Modern Amazon ( 2000 ) , Feminist Art Criticism : Art , Identity , Action ( 1994 ) , and Feminist Art Criticism : An Anthology ( 1991 ) . She wrote articles and reviews for Art in America , Art Journal , AfterImage , High Performance Magazine , and New Art Examiner , among others .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " Freuh was also a photographer and performance artist ; many of her photographs are collaborative self-portraits . Her work was exhibited internationally .",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"text": " She was Professor Emerita of Art History at the University of Nevada , Reno , where she served from 1990 to 2006 . Prior to that she was assistant professor of art history at Oberlin College , Oberlin , Ohio , ( 1983–1985 ) and the University of Arizona , Tucson ( 1981–1983 ) .",
"title": "Teaching"
},
{
"text": " Frueh was awarded a Womens Caucus for Art Honor Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Visual Arts in 2008 .",
"title": "Awards"
},
{
"text": " - BRUMAS : A Rock Stars Passage to a Life Re-Vamped . Includes series of black-and-white self-portrait photos shot by Glascock and Glascock . Oberlin , Ohio and Ukiah , California : Freshcut Press , 1982 . - Hannah Wilke : A Retrospective . With Hannah Wilke and Thomas H . Kochheiser . St . Louis , Missouri : University of Missouri Press , 1989 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": "- Feminist Art Criticism : An Anthology . Co-edited with Arlene Raven and Cassandra L . Langer . New York , New York : Icon Editions , 1991 . Second edition . New York , New York : Routledge , 2019 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": " - New Feminist Criticism : Art , Identity , Action . Co-edited with Arlene Raven and Cassandra L . Langer . New York , New York : Icon Editions , 1993 . - Erotic Faculties . Berkeley , California : University of California Press , 1996 . - Picturing the Modern Amazon . With the New Museum of Contemporary Art . New York , New York : Rizzoli , 1999 . - Monster/Beauty : Building the Body of Love . Berkeley , California : University of California Press , 2001 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": "- The Glamour of Being Real . Tucson : ErneRené Press , 2013 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": " - Joanna Frueh : A Retrospective . With Tanya Augsburg and Sheppard Fine Art Gallery . Reno , Nevada : Nevada Museum of Art , 2005 . - Swooning Beauty : A Memoir of Pleasure . Reno , Nevada : University of Nevada Press , 2006 . - Clairvoyance ( For Those In The Desert ) : Performance Pieces , 1979-2004 . Durham , North Carolina : Duke University Press , 2008 . - Unapologetic Beauty . With Frances Murray . Minneapolis , Minnesota : University of Minnesota Press , 2019 .",
"title": "Books"
},
{
"text": " Frueh died in Tucson , Arizona on February 20 , 2020 , due to complications from breast cancer . Her archives are located at Stanford University Library Special Collections .",
"title": "Death"
}
] |
/wiki/Dave_Pegg#P463#0
|
Dave Pegg became a member of what organization or association in 1979?
|
Dave Pegg Dave Pegg ( born 2 November 1947 ) is an English multi-instrumentalist and record producer , primarily a bass guitarist . He is the longest-serving member of the British folk rock band Fairport Convention and has been bassist with a number of folk and rock groups including the Ian Campbell Folk Group and Jethro Tull . History . Early career . David Pegg was born on 2 November 1947 , at Acocks Green , Birmingham , England . He began to learn guitar when 14 or 15 , inspired by The Shadows , and played in a school band at Yardley Grammar School . After leaving school he worked as an insurance clerk for about a year while playing in a part-time bands the Crawdaddys and The Roy Everett Blues Band , who supported several performers from the Birmingham beat scene of the time , including the Spencer Davis Group and The Moody Blues . In 1966 he auditioned for The Uglys , featuring Steve Gibbons and was beaten to the position by friend and guitarist Roger Hill , but was offered the job of bass guitarist and switched instruments . The Uglys cut one single before Pegg and Hill left to form a blues trio , The Exception , with singer Alan Eastwood . At this period he played with Robert Plant and in his next band , The Way of Life , the drummer was John Bonham , later both went to form Led Zeppelin . In 1967 he joined the Ian Campbell Folk Group , where he switched to stand-up bass , learnt to play the mandolin and acquired his affection for folk music . It was also where he came to the attention of local folk guitarist Ralph McTell and former Campbell Group and future Fairport Convention member Dave Swarbrick . By early 1969 he had moved back to electric bass with The Beast , with Cozy Powell and Dave Clempson , before the latter left for Colosseum . Soon after this he joined the Birmingham band Dave Peace Quartet , and played bass on their electric blues album Good Morning Mr Blues released on SAGA FID 2155 . One week after seeing Fairport for the first time on his twenty-first birthday he was called by Swarbrick to audition for the band after the departure of Ashley Hutchings , who was soon to found Steeleye Span . Fairport Convention 1969–1979 . Pegg joined Fairport Convention towards the end of 1969 and formed a strong playing partnership with drummer Dave Mattacks and good relationships with the other members . Although Hutchings had been a solid and melodic bass player , Pegg played with greater virtuosity , complexity and energy . Ashley Hutchings credits Pegg with being the musician who began the technique of playing jigs and reels on the bass , rather than just a supportive bass line , which was subsequently adopted by most British folk rock and even folk punk bassists . All this was obvious on the 1970 tour of Britain and America ( including support for Jethro Tull ) , recordings from which surfaced on the Live at the L.A . Troubadour album ( 1977 ) . His first album with the group , Full House ( 1970 ) , showed more technically accomplished playing from the band , showing Peggs musical influence on the group . On joining the band Pegg had moved his family from Birmingham and into the former pub , the Angel in Hadham , Hertfordshire along with other group members and their families . This became the theme for the title track of the next album Angel Delight ( 1971 ) , for which Pegg received his first writing credit . On the next album Babbacombe Lee , a folk-rock opera masterminded by Swarbrick , he played a much greater role , contributing to seven of the fifteen tracks . The next album Rosie contained three of his contributions , including the song Peggys Pub a statement of a lifelong ambition . In 1971 when Simon Nicol and Dave Mattacks left the band , Pegg and Swarbrick were the only remaining members and , as a succession of personnel came ( or returned ) and left again over the next five years , their partnership kept the band running . Some of these performers , like Sandy Denny and her husband Trevor Lucas , were acknowledged songwriters and as a result , although he still made contributions and took part in collaborations , Peggs song-writing took a back seat to his instrumental and organisational skills . After the financial disaster that followed the Rising for the Moon ( 1975 ) tour , which prompted Denny , Lucas and Jerry Donahue to quit the band , Pegg became increasingly determined for the group to take control of their finances and direction and took over a larger responsibility . Pegg and Swarbrick renewed contact with Nicol in 1975 forming a low key trio , Three Desperate Mortgages , which toured student venues across Britain . With only Pegg , Swarbrick and replacement drummer Bruce Rowland left , they persuaded Nicol to rejoin the band during the Gottle OGeer album sessions . The remaining quartet signed up with Vertigo , and produced two albums , The Bonny Bunch of Roses ( 1977 ) and Tipplers Tales ( 1978 ) . Although well crafted these albums did not sell well and Vertigo bought them out of their contract . With Swarbrick suffering acute hearing problems and with no recording contract the group decided to disband and played a final concert at Cropredy in Oxfordshire on 4 August 1979 , close to where Pegg lived . While with Fairport , Pegg had played on a variety of albums for other performers . Among them were : Nick Drakes Bryter Layter ( 1970 ) ; John Martins Solid Air ( 1973 ) and One World ( 1977 ) , as well as work for current and ex-Fairporters , including several albums for Dave Swarbrick , on Sandy Dennys Like an Old Fashioned Waltz ( 1973 ) and Rendezvous ( 1977 ) and Richard Thompsons Pour Down Like Silver ( 1975 ) . He appeared on three Ralph McTell albums , including Streets ( 1973 ) , and Slide Aside the Screen ( 1976 ) , which Pegg also produced . Woodworm and Jethro Tull 1980–1985 . Although Fairport had disbanded they continued to play annual reunions at Cropredy , supplemented by New Years gigs in minor locations and occasional larger European festivals . Because no record label was interested in putting out recordings of the Cropredy concerts , Pegg and his wife Christine established their own label , Woodworm Records . They released the final concert as the album Farewell , Farewell ( 1979 ) and subsequent recordings were issued as official bootlegs . He had already established a small recording studio in his house and with the money from the end of the record deal with Vertigo , he was able to develop this and it was eventually moved to a nearby converted chapel . The result was that Pegg had his own recording facility and record label . Artists like Steve Ashley began to record albums there from 1979 . The Peggs established a mailing list of fans of the band , keeping interest in Fairport alive and , particularly Christine , took over the organization of the Cropredy Festival , which grew in size every year to reach about 18,000 attendees by the mid-1980s . In 1979 Ian Anderson invited Pegg to stand in for the ailing John Glascock on the Jethro Tull Stormwatch tour . After Glascocks death , Pegg was invited to join the band , still one of the biggest in the world , and it provided paid employment for Pegg for the next fifteen years . Pegg happened to join at a turning point for Jethro Tull . His first recording was intended as a solo album for Anderson , involving only Martin Barre from the band . The album , A ( 1980 ) was in stark contrast to the medieval and folk music inspired previous work , depending heavily on synthesizers for its sound . At this time all the other longstanding members left the band and the recording was put out as a Jethro Tull album . Pegg coped with this , and subsequent changes of style . The next album , Broadsword and the Beast ( 1982 ) had a heavier sound and more medieval theme and Pegg joined the band on stage in pseudo-medieval costume beside a Viking ship . In 1983 Pegg recorded his first solo album , The Cocktail Cowboy Goes It Alone ( 1983 ) . After the next Tull album , Under Wraps ( 1984 ) , Andersons vocal problems forced him to retire from touring for three years and Pegg had more time to pursue other projects . Reforming Fairport 1985–1995 . In 1981 Pegg joined Ralph McTell and ex-Fairport members Richard Thompson and Dave Mattacks in the GPs ( an abbreviation for the Grazed Pontiffs , after a comment by Dave Mattacks following the attempted assassination of the Pope ) . The aim was for a pub band , playing a few originals and blues , rock n roll , soul and country standards . They only gave six performances , including the Fairport reunion festival in 1981 ( at Broughton Castle , Oxfordshire ) , which Woodworm Records released a recording of the performance as Saturday Rolling Around ( 1991 ) . In the 1980s he also appeared on several recordings by other folk artists , including Murray Head and Dick Gaughan , besides those by Fairport and ex-Fairport members Simon Nicol and Richard Thompson . In 1985 Pegg , Nicol and Mattacks were also free and the trio decided to make an album of new material for the band to play at the Cropredy Festival , using the Woodworm studio and label . The result was Gladys Leap ( 1985 ) , which was generally well received in the music and national press , but caused some tension with Swarbrick who refused to play any of the new material at the 1985 Cropredy Festival . Nevertheless , the decision to reform the band , without Swarbrick , was taken by the other three remaining members . Ric Sanders was invited to join , along with guitarist , composer , arranger and multi-instrumentalist Maartin Allcock . Pegg was now in two major bands at the same time . The reformed Fairport produced an instrumental album Expletive Delighted ( 1986 ) , mainly designed to showcase the virtuosity of Sanders and Allcock . In 1987 Jethro Tull produced their first album for three years , Crest of a Knave , to which Pegg contributed and this was to be followed by an American tour , on which Anderson invited Fairport to support Jethro Tull . Needing an album to promote , Pegg negotiated financial support from Island Records and Fairport put together In Real Time ( 1987 ) . This was presented as a live album , but was actually a studio recording ( albeit with all the songs recorded as live with all the musicians playing at the same time ) with dubbed audience reactions . Although the tour was musically rewarding , it was unproductive financially and Pegg , being in both bands , left the stage with one band to return after a few minutes with the other , and the process was inevitably exhausting . Pegg played on three more Jethro Tull studio albums : Rock Island ( 1989 ) , Catfish Rising ( 1991 ) and Roots to Branches ( 1995 ) . In the same period he contributed to three studio albums by Fairport Convention : Red and Gold ( 1989 ) the Five Seasons ( 1990 ) and Jewel in the Crown ( 1995 ) . Fairports popularity and the scale of their tours were growing throughout this period and the strain of undertaking two jobs , plus his other commitments , was becoming too much and he decided to leave Tull and focus on Fairport . Focusing on Fairport 1995–present . Part of the result of this change was a higher output of albums for Fairport Convention , with five studio albums from the acoustic Old New Borrowed Blue ( 1996 ) to Over the Next Hill ( 2004 ) , beside four live albums and compilations . Pegg also released his second solo album Birthday Party ( 1998 ) , which combined recordings from a celebratory concert for his fiftieth birthday at Dudley Town Hall with studio recordings . In 1998 , Pegg formed The Dylan Project , a Bob Dylan tribute band with Simon Nicol , PJ Wright , Steve Gibbons , and Gerry Conway . In 2006 , Nicol was replaced by Birmingham keyboard player Phil Bond . They tour annually in the autumn and have produced two studio albums and a live album recorded at Cropredy Festival . In 2004 Pegg and his wife Christine divorced . The Woodworm studio was sold , and a new record label , Matty Grooves was established for the band and the group as a whole now organises the Cropredy Festival , now called Fairports Cropredy Convention . Pegg also formed Peggy & PJ , a duo with guitarist PJ Wright , who had been lead guitar with the Steve Gibbons Band , touring smaller venues and producing an album Galileos Apology in 2007 , a collection of pop and folk-rock songs and instrumentals . Pegg also had a second birthday bash at Birmingham Town Hall , released as Dave Peggs 60th Birthday Bash ( 2008 ) . In 2007 a retrospective of Peggs career was launched . A Box of Peggs contained four CDs , summarizing his work with Fairport Convention , Crawdaddy , Richard Thompson , Mike Heron , Steve Ashley , Jethro Tull , The Ian Campbell Folk Group and others . From 2010 to 2013 he appeared in France with the Breton band Red Cardell . Pegg lives in Banbury , Oxfordshire . He has a daughter , Stephanie , who works as a PR consultant : his son , Matt Pegg , is a bassist who has played with Procol Harum and Francis Dunnery . Public recognition . In 2002 Dave Pegg shared with other Fairport Convention members a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards . Discography . For Fairport Convention albums see Fairport Convention discography For Jethro Tull albums see Jethro Tull discography - As solo artist or with friends - The Cocktail Cowboy Goes It Alone ( Woodworm , 1983 ) . - Birthday Party ( Woodworm , 1998 ) . - A Box of Peggs ( Matty Grooves , 2007 ) - Dave Peggs 60th Birthday Bash ( Matty Grooves , 2008 ) - As a member of Dave Peace Quartet - Good Morning Mr Blues ( SAGA Records FID 2155 , 1969 ) - On Dana Scott and the Crown Folk album - Folk in Worship ( BBC Records , 1969 ) - On Nick Drake albums - Bryter Layter ( Island , 1970 ) - Fruit Tree ( Island , 1979 ) - Way to Blue : – An Introduction to Nick Drake ( Island , 1994 ) - Nick Drake Treasury ( Island , 2004 ) - On A . L . Lloyd albums - The Great Australian Legend ( Topic , 1971 ) - Old Bush Songs ( 1995 ) - On Mike Heron albums - Smiling Men with Bad Reputations ( Elektra , 1971 ) - On Marc Ellington albums - Rains / Reins of Changes ( B&C , 1971 ) - On Alan Taylor albums - Sometimes ( United Artists , 1971 ) - On Harvey Andrews albums - Faces and Places ( Decca Nova , 1970 ) - Writer of Songs ( Cube , 1971 ) - On Mick Greenwood albums - Living Game ( MCA , 1971 ) - On John Martyn albums - Solid Air ( Island , 1973 ) - One World ( Island , 1977 ) - Little Sweet Mysteries : the Island Anthology ( Island , 1995 ) - On Chris Darrow albums - Chris Darrow ( United Artists , 1973 ) - On Bryn Haworth albums - Sunny Side of the Street ( Island , 1973 ) - Songs and Hymns ( Kingsway , 1999 ) - On Sandy Denny Albums - Like an Old Fashioned Waltz ( Island , 1973 ) - Rendezvous ( Island , 1977 ) - Who Knows Where The Time Goes ? ( Island , 1985 ) - A Boxful of Treasures ( Fledgling , 2004 ) - On Krysia Kocjan albums - Krysia ( RCA , 1974 ) - On Steve Ashley albums - Stroll On ( Gull , 1974 ) - Steve Ashleys Family Album ( Woodworm , 1983 ) - Mysterious Ways ( Lighthouse , 1990 ) - Test of Time ( Topic , 1998 ) - Stroll On Revisited ( Market Square , 1999 ) - Everyday Lives ( Topic , 2001 ) - Acoustic Folk Box ( Topic , 2002 ) - Speedy Return ( Market Square , 2003 ) - Live in Concert ( Dusk Fire , 2006 ) - Time and Tide ( Topic , 2007 ) - On Richard & Linda Thompson albums - Pour Down Like Silver ( Island , 1975 ) - Sunnyvista ( Chrysalis , 1979 ) - Shoot Out the Lights ( Hannibal , 1982 ) - On Ralph McTell albums - Streets.. . ( Warner Brothers , 1973 ) - Right Side Up ( Warner Brothers , 1976 ) - Slide Away the Screen ( Warner Brothers , 1977 ) - Streets of London ( Warner Brothers , 1981 ) - From Claire to Here : the songs of Ralph McTell ( Red House , 1996 ) - Red Sky ( Leola , 2000 ) - On Dave Swarbrick albums - Swarbrick ( Transatlantic , 1976 ) - Swarbrick II ( Transatlantic , 1977 ) - The Ceilidh Album ( Sonet , 1978 ) - Lift the Lid and Listen ( Sonet , 1978 ) - Smiddyburn ( Logo , 1981 ) - Flittin ( Spendthrift , 1983 ) - The English Fiddler : Swarbrick plays Swarbrick ( Naxos World , 2002 ) - On Richard Thompson albums - ( guitar , vocal ) ( Island , 1976 ) - Hand of Kindness ( Hannibal , 1983 ) - Watching The Dark : The History of Richard Thompson ( Hannibal , 1993 ) - On Gay & Terry Woods albums - The Time is Right ( Polydor 1976 ) - Lake Songs from Red Waters-The Best of Gay & Terry Woods ( 2004 ) - On Dan Ar Bras albums - Douar Nevez ( Hexagone , 1977 ) - On Julie Covington albums - Julie Covington ( Fame , 1978 ) - On Craig Nuttyholme albums - Its Just a Lifetime ( A&M , 1978 ) - On Murray Head albums - Voices ( Mercury , 1980 ) - On Dick Gaughan albums - A Different Kind of Love Song ( Celtic , 1983 ) - Dick Gaughan Prentice Piece ( Green Trax , 2002 ) - On Simon Nicol albums - Before Your Time ( Woodworm , 1987 ) - With various artists - Circle Dance—The Hokey Pokey Charity Compilation ( Hokey Pokey ConeD , 1990 ) - Footsteps to Fame , vol 2 ( Repertoire , 1991 ) - Best of British Folk Rock ( Park , 1997 ) - House on Fire vol 2 , an Urban Folk Collection ( Red House , 1997 ) - Blues Britannia ( Bridge , 2000 ) - Acoustic folk box ( Topic , 2002 ) - Acoustic vol 2 ( Topic , 2002 ) - Master Craftsmen ( Terra Nova , 2002 ) - Along the Pilgrim Way ( Pickwick , 2003 ) - Best of British Folk ( Prism Leisure , 2003 ) - With The G.P.s - Saturday Rolling Around live from Broughton Castle ( Woodworm , 1991 ) - On Beryl Marriott with Fairport Convention & Chris Leslie albums - Weave The Mirror ( Woodworm , 1991 ) - On Sally Barker albums - The Rhythm is Mine ( Hannibal , 1990 ) - Another Train ( Hypertension , 2000 ) - On Linda Thompson albums - Dreams Fly Away : A History of Linda Thompson ( Hannibal , 1996 ) - Fashionably Late ( Topic , 2002 ) - On Steve Tilston and Maggy Boyle albums - All Under the Sun ( Flying Fish , 1996 ) - On Ashley Hutchings albums - The Guvnor vol 4 ( Castle , 1996 ) - On Phil Pickett albums - The Bones of All Men ( Hannibal , 1998 ) - With the Dylan Project - The Dylan Project ( Woodworm , 1998 ) - The Dylan Project...Live at Cropredy Festival ( Woodworm , 1999 ) - The Dylan Project 2 ( Matty Grooves 2005 ) - On Alan Simon albums - Excalibur : La Legende des Celtes ( Sbme , 1999 ) - Excalibur : Concert Mythique ( Epic , 2000 ) - ( EMI , 2007 ) - On Fallen Angel albums - Happy Ever After ( Tara , 1999 ) - On Jerry Donahue albums - Telecasting recast ( Pharaoh , 1999 ) - On David Hughes albums - This Other Eden ( The Folk Corporation , 1999 ) - Recognised ( The Folk Corporation , 2002 ) - On Bob Fox albums - Dreams Never Leave You ( Woodworm , 2000 ) - On Shirley Collins albums - Within Sound ( Fledgling , 2002 ) - On Chris Leslie albums - Dancing Days ( Talking Elephant , 2003 ) - On Amazing Blondel albums - Going Where the Music Takes Me ( Shakedown , 2004 ) - On Anna Ryder albums - Paper Girl ( RowdyMusic , 2004 ) - With PJ Wright - Galileos Apology ( Matty Grooves , 2007 ) - On Steve Tilston albums - Reaching Back : the Life & Music of Steve Tilston ( Free Reed , 2007 ) - On Ric Sanders albums - Still Waters ( Talking Elephant , 2008 ) - On Deborah Bonham albums - Duchess ( Warner , 2008 ) - On Tim Moon album - Invicta ( Inside Motion , due for release 2010 ) - On Red Shoes album - Ring Around The Land ( Cedarwood Records , 2009 ) External links . - Dave Pegg Biography – Fairport Conventions official website - Biography at Jethro Tull official website - The Dylan Project
|
[
"Cropredy Festival"
] |
[
{
"text": " Dave Pegg ( born 2 November 1947 ) is an English multi-instrumentalist and record producer , primarily a bass guitarist . He is the longest-serving member of the British folk rock band Fairport Convention and has been bassist with a number of folk and rock groups including the Ian Campbell Folk Group and Jethro Tull .",
"title": "Dave Pegg"
},
{
"text": " David Pegg was born on 2 November 1947 , at Acocks Green , Birmingham , England . He began to learn guitar when 14 or 15 , inspired by The Shadows , and played in a school band at Yardley Grammar School .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "After leaving school he worked as an insurance clerk for about a year while playing in a part-time bands the Crawdaddys and The Roy Everett Blues Band , who supported several performers from the Birmingham beat scene of the time , including the Spencer Davis Group and The Moody Blues . In 1966 he auditioned for The Uglys , featuring Steve Gibbons and was beaten to the position by friend and guitarist Roger Hill , but was offered the job of bass guitarist and switched instruments .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "The Uglys cut one single before Pegg and Hill left to form a blues trio , The Exception , with singer Alan Eastwood . At this period he played with Robert Plant and in his next band , The Way of Life , the drummer was John Bonham , later both went to form Led Zeppelin . In 1967 he joined the Ian Campbell Folk Group , where he switched to stand-up bass , learnt to play the mandolin and acquired his affection for folk music . It was also where he came to the attention of local folk guitarist",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "Ralph McTell and former Campbell Group and future Fairport Convention member Dave Swarbrick .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " By early 1969 he had moved back to electric bass with The Beast , with Cozy Powell and Dave Clempson , before the latter left for Colosseum . Soon after this he joined the Birmingham band Dave Peace Quartet , and played bass on their electric blues album Good Morning Mr Blues released on SAGA FID 2155 . One week after seeing Fairport for the first time on his twenty-first birthday he was called by Swarbrick to audition for the band after the departure of Ashley Hutchings , who was soon to found Steeleye Span .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "Pegg joined Fairport Convention towards the end of 1969 and formed a strong playing partnership with drummer Dave Mattacks and good relationships with the other members . Although Hutchings had been a solid and melodic bass player , Pegg played with greater virtuosity , complexity and energy . Ashley Hutchings credits Pegg with being the musician who began the technique of playing jigs and reels on the bass , rather than just a supportive bass line , which was subsequently adopted by most British folk rock and even folk punk bassists . All this was obvious on the 1970 tour",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "of Britain and America ( including support for Jethro Tull ) , recordings from which surfaced on the Live at the L.A . Troubadour album ( 1977 ) . His first album with the group , Full House ( 1970 ) , showed more technically accomplished playing from the band , showing Peggs musical influence on the group .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "On joining the band Pegg had moved his family from Birmingham and into the former pub , the Angel in Hadham , Hertfordshire along with other group members and their families . This became the theme for the title track of the next album Angel Delight ( 1971 ) , for which Pegg received his first writing credit . On the next album Babbacombe Lee , a folk-rock opera masterminded by Swarbrick , he played a much greater role , contributing to seven of the fifteen tracks . The next album Rosie contained three of his contributions , including the",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "song Peggys Pub a statement of a lifelong ambition .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "In 1971 when Simon Nicol and Dave Mattacks left the band , Pegg and Swarbrick were the only remaining members and , as a succession of personnel came ( or returned ) and left again over the next five years , their partnership kept the band running . Some of these performers , like Sandy Denny and her husband Trevor Lucas , were acknowledged songwriters and as a result , although he still made contributions and took part in collaborations , Peggs song-writing took a back seat to his instrumental and organisational skills . After the financial disaster that followed",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "the Rising for the Moon ( 1975 ) tour , which prompted Denny , Lucas and Jerry Donahue to quit the band , Pegg became increasingly determined for the group to take control of their finances and direction and took over a larger responsibility . Pegg and Swarbrick renewed contact with Nicol in 1975 forming a low key trio , Three Desperate Mortgages , which toured student venues across Britain .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "With only Pegg , Swarbrick and replacement drummer Bruce Rowland left , they persuaded Nicol to rejoin the band during the Gottle OGeer album sessions . The remaining quartet signed up with Vertigo , and produced two albums , The Bonny Bunch of Roses ( 1977 ) and Tipplers Tales ( 1978 ) . Although well crafted these albums did not sell well and Vertigo bought them out of their contract . With Swarbrick suffering acute hearing problems and with no recording contract the group decided to disband and played a final concert at Cropredy in Oxfordshire on 4 August",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "1979 , close to where Pegg lived .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "While with Fairport , Pegg had played on a variety of albums for other performers . Among them were : Nick Drakes Bryter Layter ( 1970 ) ; John Martins Solid Air ( 1973 ) and One World ( 1977 ) , as well as work for current and ex-Fairporters , including several albums for Dave Swarbrick , on Sandy Dennys Like an Old Fashioned Waltz ( 1973 ) and Rendezvous ( 1977 ) and Richard Thompsons Pour Down Like Silver ( 1975 ) . He appeared on three Ralph McTell albums , including Streets ( 1973 ) , and",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "Slide Aside the Screen ( 1976 ) , which Pegg also produced .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "Although Fairport had disbanded they continued to play annual reunions at Cropredy , supplemented by New Years gigs in minor locations and occasional larger European festivals . Because no record label was interested in putting out recordings of the Cropredy concerts , Pegg and his wife Christine established their own label , Woodworm Records . They released the final concert as the album Farewell , Farewell ( 1979 ) and subsequent recordings were issued as official bootlegs . He had already established a small recording studio in his house and with the money from the end of the record deal",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "with Vertigo , he was able to develop this and it was eventually moved to a nearby converted chapel . The result was that Pegg had his own recording facility and record label . Artists like Steve Ashley began to record albums there from 1979 . The Peggs established a mailing list of fans of the band , keeping interest in Fairport alive and , particularly Christine , took over the organization of the Cropredy Festival , which grew in size every year to reach about 18,000 attendees by the mid-1980s .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "In 1979 Ian Anderson invited Pegg to stand in for the ailing John Glascock on the Jethro Tull Stormwatch tour . After Glascocks death , Pegg was invited to join the band , still one of the biggest in the world , and it provided paid employment for Pegg for the next fifteen years . Pegg happened to join at a turning point for Jethro Tull . His first recording was intended as a solo album for Anderson , involving only Martin Barre from the band . The album , A ( 1980 ) was in stark contrast to the",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "medieval and folk music inspired previous work , depending heavily on synthesizers for its sound . At this time all the other longstanding members left the band and the recording was put out as a Jethro Tull album . Pegg coped with this , and subsequent changes of style . The next album , Broadsword and the Beast ( 1982 ) had a heavier sound and more medieval theme and Pegg joined the band on stage in pseudo-medieval costume beside a Viking ship . In 1983 Pegg recorded his first solo album , The Cocktail Cowboy Goes It Alone (",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "1983 ) . After the next Tull album , Under Wraps ( 1984 ) , Andersons vocal problems forced him to retire from touring for three years and Pegg had more time to pursue other projects .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "In 1981 Pegg joined Ralph McTell and ex-Fairport members Richard Thompson and Dave Mattacks in the GPs ( an abbreviation for the Grazed Pontiffs , after a comment by Dave Mattacks following the attempted assassination of the Pope ) . The aim was for a pub band , playing a few originals and blues , rock n roll , soul and country standards . They only gave six performances , including the Fairport reunion festival in 1981 ( at Broughton Castle , Oxfordshire ) , which Woodworm Records released a recording of the performance as Saturday Rolling Around ( 1991",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": ") . In the 1980s he also appeared on several recordings by other folk artists , including Murray Head and Dick Gaughan , besides those by Fairport and ex-Fairport members Simon Nicol and Richard Thompson .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "In 1985 Pegg , Nicol and Mattacks were also free and the trio decided to make an album of new material for the band to play at the Cropredy Festival , using the Woodworm studio and label . The result was Gladys Leap ( 1985 ) , which was generally well received in the music and national press , but caused some tension with Swarbrick who refused to play any of the new material at the 1985 Cropredy Festival . Nevertheless , the decision to reform the band , without Swarbrick , was taken by the other three remaining members",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": ". Ric Sanders was invited to join , along with guitarist , composer , arranger and multi-instrumentalist Maartin Allcock . Pegg was now in two major bands at the same time . The reformed Fairport produced an instrumental album Expletive Delighted ( 1986 ) , mainly designed to showcase the virtuosity of Sanders and Allcock .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "In 1987 Jethro Tull produced their first album for three years , Crest of a Knave , to which Pegg contributed and this was to be followed by an American tour , on which Anderson invited Fairport to support Jethro Tull . Needing an album to promote , Pegg negotiated financial support from Island Records and Fairport put together In Real Time ( 1987 ) . This was presented as a live album , but was actually a studio recording ( albeit with all the songs recorded as live with all the musicians playing at the same time ) with",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "dubbed audience reactions . Although the tour was musically rewarding , it was unproductive financially and Pegg , being in both bands , left the stage with one band to return after a few minutes with the other , and the process was inevitably exhausting . Pegg played on three more Jethro Tull studio albums : Rock Island ( 1989 ) , Catfish Rising ( 1991 ) and Roots to Branches ( 1995 ) . In the same period he contributed to three studio albums by Fairport Convention : Red and Gold ( 1989 ) the Five Seasons ( 1990",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": ") and Jewel in the Crown ( 1995 ) . Fairports popularity and the scale of their tours were growing throughout this period and the strain of undertaking two jobs , plus his other commitments , was becoming too much and he decided to leave Tull and focus on Fairport .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": " Focusing on Fairport 1995–present . Part of the result of this change was a higher output of albums for Fairport Convention , with five studio albums from the acoustic Old New Borrowed Blue ( 1996 ) to Over the Next Hill ( 2004 ) , beside four live albums and compilations . Pegg also released his second solo album Birthday Party ( 1998 ) , which combined recordings from a celebratory concert for his fiftieth birthday at Dudley Town Hall with studio recordings .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "In 1998 , Pegg formed The Dylan Project , a Bob Dylan tribute band with Simon Nicol , PJ Wright , Steve Gibbons , and Gerry Conway . In 2006 , Nicol was replaced by Birmingham keyboard player Phil Bond . They tour annually in the autumn and have produced two studio albums and a live album recorded at Cropredy Festival .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 Pegg and his wife Christine divorced . The Woodworm studio was sold , and a new record label , Matty Grooves was established for the band and the group as a whole now organises the Cropredy Festival , now called Fairports Cropredy Convention .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "Pegg also formed Peggy & PJ , a duo with guitarist PJ Wright , who had been lead guitar with the Steve Gibbons Band , touring smaller venues and producing an album Galileos Apology in 2007 , a collection of pop and folk-rock songs and instrumentals . Pegg also had a second birthday bash at Birmingham Town Hall , released as Dave Peggs 60th Birthday Bash ( 2008 ) .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": " In 2007 a retrospective of Peggs career was launched . A Box of Peggs contained four CDs , summarizing his work with Fairport Convention , Crawdaddy , Richard Thompson , Mike Heron , Steve Ashley , Jethro Tull , The Ian Campbell Folk Group and others . From 2010 to 2013 he appeared in France with the Breton band Red Cardell .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "Pegg lives in Banbury , Oxfordshire . He has a daughter , Stephanie , who works as a PR consultant : his son , Matt Pegg , is a bassist who has played with Procol Harum and Francis Dunnery .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": " In 2002 Dave Pegg shared with other Fairport Convention members a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards .",
"title": "Public recognition"
},
{
"text": " For Fairport Convention albums see Fairport Convention discography For Jethro Tull albums see Jethro Tull discography - As solo artist or with friends - The Cocktail Cowboy Goes It Alone ( Woodworm , 1983 ) . - Birthday Party ( Woodworm , 1998 ) . - A Box of Peggs ( Matty Grooves , 2007 ) - Dave Peggs 60th Birthday Bash ( Matty Grooves , 2008 ) - As a member of Dave Peace Quartet - Good Morning Mr Blues ( SAGA Records FID 2155 , 1969 ) - On Dana Scott and the Crown Folk album",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Folk in Worship ( BBC Records , 1969 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Nick Drake albums - Bryter Layter ( Island , 1970 ) - Fruit Tree ( Island , 1979 ) - Way to Blue : – An Introduction to Nick Drake ( Island , 1994 ) - Nick Drake Treasury ( Island , 2004 ) - On A . L . Lloyd albums - The Great Australian Legend ( Topic , 1971 ) - Old Bush Songs ( 1995 ) - On Mike Heron albums - Smiling Men with Bad Reputations ( Elektra , 1971 ) - On Marc Ellington albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Rains / Reins of Changes ( B&C , 1971 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Alan Taylor albums - Sometimes ( United Artists , 1971 ) - On Harvey Andrews albums - Faces and Places ( Decca Nova , 1970 ) - Writer of Songs ( Cube , 1971 ) - On Mick Greenwood albums - Living Game ( MCA , 1971 ) - On John Martyn albums - Solid Air ( Island , 1973 ) - One World ( Island , 1977 ) - Little Sweet Mysteries : the Island Anthology ( Island , 1995 ) - On Chris Darrow albums - Chris Darrow ( United Artists , 1973 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- On Bryn Haworth albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Sunny Side of the Street ( Island , 1973 ) - Songs and Hymns ( Kingsway , 1999 ) - On Sandy Denny Albums - Like an Old Fashioned Waltz ( Island , 1973 ) - Rendezvous ( Island , 1977 ) - Who Knows Where The Time Goes ? ( Island , 1985 ) - A Boxful of Treasures ( Fledgling , 2004 ) - On Krysia Kocjan albums - Krysia ( RCA , 1974 ) - On Steve Ashley albums - Stroll On ( Gull , 1974 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Steve Ashleys Family Album ( Woodworm , 1983 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Mysterious Ways ( Lighthouse , 1990 ) - Test of Time ( Topic , 1998 ) - Stroll On Revisited ( Market Square , 1999 ) - Everyday Lives ( Topic , 2001 ) - Acoustic Folk Box ( Topic , 2002 ) - Speedy Return ( Market Square , 2003 ) - Live in Concert ( Dusk Fire , 2006 ) - Time and Tide ( Topic , 2007 ) - On Richard & Linda Thompson albums - Pour Down Like Silver ( Island , 1975 ) - Sunnyvista ( Chrysalis , 1979 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Shoot Out the Lights ( Hannibal , 1982 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Ralph McTell albums - Streets.. . ( Warner Brothers , 1973 ) - Right Side Up ( Warner Brothers , 1976 ) - Slide Away the Screen ( Warner Brothers , 1977 ) - Streets of London ( Warner Brothers , 1981 ) - From Claire to Here : the songs of Ralph McTell ( Red House , 1996 ) - Red Sky ( Leola , 2000 ) - On Dave Swarbrick albums - Swarbrick ( Transatlantic , 1976 ) - Swarbrick II ( Transatlantic , 1977 ) - The Ceilidh Album ( Sonet , 1978 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Lift the Lid and Listen ( Sonet , 1978 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Smiddyburn ( Logo , 1981 ) - Flittin ( Spendthrift , 1983 ) - The English Fiddler : Swarbrick plays Swarbrick ( Naxos World , 2002 ) - On Richard Thompson albums - ( guitar , vocal ) ( Island , 1976 ) - Hand of Kindness ( Hannibal , 1983 ) - Watching The Dark : The History of Richard Thompson ( Hannibal , 1993 ) - On Gay & Terry Woods albums - The Time is Right ( Polydor 1976 ) - Lake Songs from Red Waters-The Best of Gay & Terry Woods ( 2004 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- On Dan Ar Bras albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Douar Nevez ( Hexagone , 1977 ) - On Julie Covington albums - Julie Covington ( Fame , 1978 ) - On Craig Nuttyholme albums - Its Just a Lifetime ( A&M , 1978 ) - On Murray Head albums - Voices ( Mercury , 1980 ) - On Dick Gaughan albums - A Different Kind of Love Song ( Celtic , 1983 ) - Dick Gaughan Prentice Piece ( Green Trax , 2002 ) - On Simon Nicol albums - Before Your Time ( Woodworm , 1987 ) - With various artists",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Circle Dance—The Hokey Pokey Charity Compilation ( Hokey Pokey ConeD , 1990 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Footsteps to Fame , vol 2 ( Repertoire , 1991 ) - Best of British Folk Rock ( Park , 1997 ) - House on Fire vol 2 , an Urban Folk Collection ( Red House , 1997 ) - Blues Britannia ( Bridge , 2000 ) - Acoustic folk box ( Topic , 2002 ) - Acoustic vol 2 ( Topic , 2002 ) - Master Craftsmen ( Terra Nova , 2002 ) - Along the Pilgrim Way ( Pickwick , 2003 ) - Best of British Folk ( Prism Leisure , 2003 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- With The G.P.s",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Saturday Rolling Around live from Broughton Castle ( Woodworm , 1991 ) - On Beryl Marriott with Fairport Convention & Chris Leslie albums - Weave The Mirror ( Woodworm , 1991 ) - On Sally Barker albums - The Rhythm is Mine ( Hannibal , 1990 ) - Another Train ( Hypertension , 2000 ) - On Linda Thompson albums - Dreams Fly Away : A History of Linda Thompson ( Hannibal , 1996 ) - Fashionably Late ( Topic , 2002 ) - On Steve Tilston and Maggy Boyle albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- All Under the Sun ( Flying Fish , 1996 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Ashley Hutchings albums - The Guvnor vol 4 ( Castle , 1996 ) - On Phil Pickett albums - The Bones of All Men ( Hannibal , 1998 ) - With the Dylan Project - The Dylan Project ( Woodworm , 1998 ) - The Dylan Project...Live at Cropredy Festival ( Woodworm , 1999 ) - The Dylan Project 2 ( Matty Grooves 2005 ) - On Alan Simon albums - Excalibur : La Legende des Celtes ( Sbme , 1999 ) - Excalibur : Concert Mythique ( Epic , 2000 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- ( EMI , 2007 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Fallen Angel albums - Happy Ever After ( Tara , 1999 ) - On Jerry Donahue albums - Telecasting recast ( Pharaoh , 1999 ) - On David Hughes albums - This Other Eden ( The Folk Corporation , 1999 ) - Recognised ( The Folk Corporation , 2002 ) - On Bob Fox albums - Dreams Never Leave You ( Woodworm , 2000 ) - On Shirley Collins albums - Within Sound ( Fledgling , 2002 ) - On Chris Leslie albums - Dancing Days ( Talking Elephant , 2003 ) - On Amazing Blondel albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Going Where the Music Takes Me ( Shakedown , 2004 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Anna Ryder albums - Paper Girl ( RowdyMusic , 2004 ) - With PJ Wright - Galileos Apology ( Matty Grooves , 2007 ) - On Steve Tilston albums - Reaching Back : the Life & Music of Steve Tilston ( Free Reed , 2007 ) - On Ric Sanders albums - Still Waters ( Talking Elephant , 2008 ) - On Deborah Bonham albums - Duchess ( Warner , 2008 ) - On Tim Moon album - Invicta ( Inside Motion , due for release 2010 ) - On Red Shoes album",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Ring Around The Land ( Cedarwood Records , 2009 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Dave Pegg Biography – Fairport Conventions official website - Biography at Jethro Tull official website - The Dylan Project",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Dave_Pegg#P463#1
|
Dave Pegg became a member of what organization or association in 1967?
|
Dave Pegg Dave Pegg ( born 2 November 1947 ) is an English multi-instrumentalist and record producer , primarily a bass guitarist . He is the longest-serving member of the British folk rock band Fairport Convention and has been bassist with a number of folk and rock groups including the Ian Campbell Folk Group and Jethro Tull . History . Early career . David Pegg was born on 2 November 1947 , at Acocks Green , Birmingham , England . He began to learn guitar when 14 or 15 , inspired by The Shadows , and played in a school band at Yardley Grammar School . After leaving school he worked as an insurance clerk for about a year while playing in a part-time bands the Crawdaddys and The Roy Everett Blues Band , who supported several performers from the Birmingham beat scene of the time , including the Spencer Davis Group and The Moody Blues . In 1966 he auditioned for The Uglys , featuring Steve Gibbons and was beaten to the position by friend and guitarist Roger Hill , but was offered the job of bass guitarist and switched instruments . The Uglys cut one single before Pegg and Hill left to form a blues trio , The Exception , with singer Alan Eastwood . At this period he played with Robert Plant and in his next band , The Way of Life , the drummer was John Bonham , later both went to form Led Zeppelin . In 1967 he joined the Ian Campbell Folk Group , where he switched to stand-up bass , learnt to play the mandolin and acquired his affection for folk music . It was also where he came to the attention of local folk guitarist Ralph McTell and former Campbell Group and future Fairport Convention member Dave Swarbrick . By early 1969 he had moved back to electric bass with The Beast , with Cozy Powell and Dave Clempson , before the latter left for Colosseum . Soon after this he joined the Birmingham band Dave Peace Quartet , and played bass on their electric blues album Good Morning Mr Blues released on SAGA FID 2155 . One week after seeing Fairport for the first time on his twenty-first birthday he was called by Swarbrick to audition for the band after the departure of Ashley Hutchings , who was soon to found Steeleye Span . Fairport Convention 1969–1979 . Pegg joined Fairport Convention towards the end of 1969 and formed a strong playing partnership with drummer Dave Mattacks and good relationships with the other members . Although Hutchings had been a solid and melodic bass player , Pegg played with greater virtuosity , complexity and energy . Ashley Hutchings credits Pegg with being the musician who began the technique of playing jigs and reels on the bass , rather than just a supportive bass line , which was subsequently adopted by most British folk rock and even folk punk bassists . All this was obvious on the 1970 tour of Britain and America ( including support for Jethro Tull ) , recordings from which surfaced on the Live at the L.A . Troubadour album ( 1977 ) . His first album with the group , Full House ( 1970 ) , showed more technically accomplished playing from the band , showing Peggs musical influence on the group . On joining the band Pegg had moved his family from Birmingham and into the former pub , the Angel in Hadham , Hertfordshire along with other group members and their families . This became the theme for the title track of the next album Angel Delight ( 1971 ) , for which Pegg received his first writing credit . On the next album Babbacombe Lee , a folk-rock opera masterminded by Swarbrick , he played a much greater role , contributing to seven of the fifteen tracks . The next album Rosie contained three of his contributions , including the song Peggys Pub a statement of a lifelong ambition . In 1971 when Simon Nicol and Dave Mattacks left the band , Pegg and Swarbrick were the only remaining members and , as a succession of personnel came ( or returned ) and left again over the next five years , their partnership kept the band running . Some of these performers , like Sandy Denny and her husband Trevor Lucas , were acknowledged songwriters and as a result , although he still made contributions and took part in collaborations , Peggs song-writing took a back seat to his instrumental and organisational skills . After the financial disaster that followed the Rising for the Moon ( 1975 ) tour , which prompted Denny , Lucas and Jerry Donahue to quit the band , Pegg became increasingly determined for the group to take control of their finances and direction and took over a larger responsibility . Pegg and Swarbrick renewed contact with Nicol in 1975 forming a low key trio , Three Desperate Mortgages , which toured student venues across Britain . With only Pegg , Swarbrick and replacement drummer Bruce Rowland left , they persuaded Nicol to rejoin the band during the Gottle OGeer album sessions . The remaining quartet signed up with Vertigo , and produced two albums , The Bonny Bunch of Roses ( 1977 ) and Tipplers Tales ( 1978 ) . Although well crafted these albums did not sell well and Vertigo bought them out of their contract . With Swarbrick suffering acute hearing problems and with no recording contract the group decided to disband and played a final concert at Cropredy in Oxfordshire on 4 August 1979 , close to where Pegg lived . While with Fairport , Pegg had played on a variety of albums for other performers . Among them were : Nick Drakes Bryter Layter ( 1970 ) ; John Martins Solid Air ( 1973 ) and One World ( 1977 ) , as well as work for current and ex-Fairporters , including several albums for Dave Swarbrick , on Sandy Dennys Like an Old Fashioned Waltz ( 1973 ) and Rendezvous ( 1977 ) and Richard Thompsons Pour Down Like Silver ( 1975 ) . He appeared on three Ralph McTell albums , including Streets ( 1973 ) , and Slide Aside the Screen ( 1976 ) , which Pegg also produced . Woodworm and Jethro Tull 1980–1985 . Although Fairport had disbanded they continued to play annual reunions at Cropredy , supplemented by New Years gigs in minor locations and occasional larger European festivals . Because no record label was interested in putting out recordings of the Cropredy concerts , Pegg and his wife Christine established their own label , Woodworm Records . They released the final concert as the album Farewell , Farewell ( 1979 ) and subsequent recordings were issued as official bootlegs . He had already established a small recording studio in his house and with the money from the end of the record deal with Vertigo , he was able to develop this and it was eventually moved to a nearby converted chapel . The result was that Pegg had his own recording facility and record label . Artists like Steve Ashley began to record albums there from 1979 . The Peggs established a mailing list of fans of the band , keeping interest in Fairport alive and , particularly Christine , took over the organization of the Cropredy Festival , which grew in size every year to reach about 18,000 attendees by the mid-1980s . In 1979 Ian Anderson invited Pegg to stand in for the ailing John Glascock on the Jethro Tull Stormwatch tour . After Glascocks death , Pegg was invited to join the band , still one of the biggest in the world , and it provided paid employment for Pegg for the next fifteen years . Pegg happened to join at a turning point for Jethro Tull . His first recording was intended as a solo album for Anderson , involving only Martin Barre from the band . The album , A ( 1980 ) was in stark contrast to the medieval and folk music inspired previous work , depending heavily on synthesizers for its sound . At this time all the other longstanding members left the band and the recording was put out as a Jethro Tull album . Pegg coped with this , and subsequent changes of style . The next album , Broadsword and the Beast ( 1982 ) had a heavier sound and more medieval theme and Pegg joined the band on stage in pseudo-medieval costume beside a Viking ship . In 1983 Pegg recorded his first solo album , The Cocktail Cowboy Goes It Alone ( 1983 ) . After the next Tull album , Under Wraps ( 1984 ) , Andersons vocal problems forced him to retire from touring for three years and Pegg had more time to pursue other projects . Reforming Fairport 1985–1995 . In 1981 Pegg joined Ralph McTell and ex-Fairport members Richard Thompson and Dave Mattacks in the GPs ( an abbreviation for the Grazed Pontiffs , after a comment by Dave Mattacks following the attempted assassination of the Pope ) . The aim was for a pub band , playing a few originals and blues , rock n roll , soul and country standards . They only gave six performances , including the Fairport reunion festival in 1981 ( at Broughton Castle , Oxfordshire ) , which Woodworm Records released a recording of the performance as Saturday Rolling Around ( 1991 ) . In the 1980s he also appeared on several recordings by other folk artists , including Murray Head and Dick Gaughan , besides those by Fairport and ex-Fairport members Simon Nicol and Richard Thompson . In 1985 Pegg , Nicol and Mattacks were also free and the trio decided to make an album of new material for the band to play at the Cropredy Festival , using the Woodworm studio and label . The result was Gladys Leap ( 1985 ) , which was generally well received in the music and national press , but caused some tension with Swarbrick who refused to play any of the new material at the 1985 Cropredy Festival . Nevertheless , the decision to reform the band , without Swarbrick , was taken by the other three remaining members . Ric Sanders was invited to join , along with guitarist , composer , arranger and multi-instrumentalist Maartin Allcock . Pegg was now in two major bands at the same time . The reformed Fairport produced an instrumental album Expletive Delighted ( 1986 ) , mainly designed to showcase the virtuosity of Sanders and Allcock . In 1987 Jethro Tull produced their first album for three years , Crest of a Knave , to which Pegg contributed and this was to be followed by an American tour , on which Anderson invited Fairport to support Jethro Tull . Needing an album to promote , Pegg negotiated financial support from Island Records and Fairport put together In Real Time ( 1987 ) . This was presented as a live album , but was actually a studio recording ( albeit with all the songs recorded as live with all the musicians playing at the same time ) with dubbed audience reactions . Although the tour was musically rewarding , it was unproductive financially and Pegg , being in both bands , left the stage with one band to return after a few minutes with the other , and the process was inevitably exhausting . Pegg played on three more Jethro Tull studio albums : Rock Island ( 1989 ) , Catfish Rising ( 1991 ) and Roots to Branches ( 1995 ) . In the same period he contributed to three studio albums by Fairport Convention : Red and Gold ( 1989 ) the Five Seasons ( 1990 ) and Jewel in the Crown ( 1995 ) . Fairports popularity and the scale of their tours were growing throughout this period and the strain of undertaking two jobs , plus his other commitments , was becoming too much and he decided to leave Tull and focus on Fairport . Focusing on Fairport 1995–present . Part of the result of this change was a higher output of albums for Fairport Convention , with five studio albums from the acoustic Old New Borrowed Blue ( 1996 ) to Over the Next Hill ( 2004 ) , beside four live albums and compilations . Pegg also released his second solo album Birthday Party ( 1998 ) , which combined recordings from a celebratory concert for his fiftieth birthday at Dudley Town Hall with studio recordings . In 1998 , Pegg formed The Dylan Project , a Bob Dylan tribute band with Simon Nicol , PJ Wright , Steve Gibbons , and Gerry Conway . In 2006 , Nicol was replaced by Birmingham keyboard player Phil Bond . They tour annually in the autumn and have produced two studio albums and a live album recorded at Cropredy Festival . In 2004 Pegg and his wife Christine divorced . The Woodworm studio was sold , and a new record label , Matty Grooves was established for the band and the group as a whole now organises the Cropredy Festival , now called Fairports Cropredy Convention . Pegg also formed Peggy & PJ , a duo with guitarist PJ Wright , who had been lead guitar with the Steve Gibbons Band , touring smaller venues and producing an album Galileos Apology in 2007 , a collection of pop and folk-rock songs and instrumentals . Pegg also had a second birthday bash at Birmingham Town Hall , released as Dave Peggs 60th Birthday Bash ( 2008 ) . In 2007 a retrospective of Peggs career was launched . A Box of Peggs contained four CDs , summarizing his work with Fairport Convention , Crawdaddy , Richard Thompson , Mike Heron , Steve Ashley , Jethro Tull , The Ian Campbell Folk Group and others . From 2010 to 2013 he appeared in France with the Breton band Red Cardell . Pegg lives in Banbury , Oxfordshire . He has a daughter , Stephanie , who works as a PR consultant : his son , Matt Pegg , is a bassist who has played with Procol Harum and Francis Dunnery . Public recognition . In 2002 Dave Pegg shared with other Fairport Convention members a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards . Discography . For Fairport Convention albums see Fairport Convention discography For Jethro Tull albums see Jethro Tull discography - As solo artist or with friends - The Cocktail Cowboy Goes It Alone ( Woodworm , 1983 ) . - Birthday Party ( Woodworm , 1998 ) . - A Box of Peggs ( Matty Grooves , 2007 ) - Dave Peggs 60th Birthday Bash ( Matty Grooves , 2008 ) - As a member of Dave Peace Quartet - Good Morning Mr Blues ( SAGA Records FID 2155 , 1969 ) - On Dana Scott and the Crown Folk album - Folk in Worship ( BBC Records , 1969 ) - On Nick Drake albums - Bryter Layter ( Island , 1970 ) - Fruit Tree ( Island , 1979 ) - Way to Blue : – An Introduction to Nick Drake ( Island , 1994 ) - Nick Drake Treasury ( Island , 2004 ) - On A . L . Lloyd albums - The Great Australian Legend ( Topic , 1971 ) - Old Bush Songs ( 1995 ) - On Mike Heron albums - Smiling Men with Bad Reputations ( Elektra , 1971 ) - On Marc Ellington albums - Rains / Reins of Changes ( B&C , 1971 ) - On Alan Taylor albums - Sometimes ( United Artists , 1971 ) - On Harvey Andrews albums - Faces and Places ( Decca Nova , 1970 ) - Writer of Songs ( Cube , 1971 ) - On Mick Greenwood albums - Living Game ( MCA , 1971 ) - On John Martyn albums - Solid Air ( Island , 1973 ) - One World ( Island , 1977 ) - Little Sweet Mysteries : the Island Anthology ( Island , 1995 ) - On Chris Darrow albums - Chris Darrow ( United Artists , 1973 ) - On Bryn Haworth albums - Sunny Side of the Street ( Island , 1973 ) - Songs and Hymns ( Kingsway , 1999 ) - On Sandy Denny Albums - Like an Old Fashioned Waltz ( Island , 1973 ) - Rendezvous ( Island , 1977 ) - Who Knows Where The Time Goes ? ( Island , 1985 ) - A Boxful of Treasures ( Fledgling , 2004 ) - On Krysia Kocjan albums - Krysia ( RCA , 1974 ) - On Steve Ashley albums - Stroll On ( Gull , 1974 ) - Steve Ashleys Family Album ( Woodworm , 1983 ) - Mysterious Ways ( Lighthouse , 1990 ) - Test of Time ( Topic , 1998 ) - Stroll On Revisited ( Market Square , 1999 ) - Everyday Lives ( Topic , 2001 ) - Acoustic Folk Box ( Topic , 2002 ) - Speedy Return ( Market Square , 2003 ) - Live in Concert ( Dusk Fire , 2006 ) - Time and Tide ( Topic , 2007 ) - On Richard & Linda Thompson albums - Pour Down Like Silver ( Island , 1975 ) - Sunnyvista ( Chrysalis , 1979 ) - Shoot Out the Lights ( Hannibal , 1982 ) - On Ralph McTell albums - Streets.. . ( Warner Brothers , 1973 ) - Right Side Up ( Warner Brothers , 1976 ) - Slide Away the Screen ( Warner Brothers , 1977 ) - Streets of London ( Warner Brothers , 1981 ) - From Claire to Here : the songs of Ralph McTell ( Red House , 1996 ) - Red Sky ( Leola , 2000 ) - On Dave Swarbrick albums - Swarbrick ( Transatlantic , 1976 ) - Swarbrick II ( Transatlantic , 1977 ) - The Ceilidh Album ( Sonet , 1978 ) - Lift the Lid and Listen ( Sonet , 1978 ) - Smiddyburn ( Logo , 1981 ) - Flittin ( Spendthrift , 1983 ) - The English Fiddler : Swarbrick plays Swarbrick ( Naxos World , 2002 ) - On Richard Thompson albums - ( guitar , vocal ) ( Island , 1976 ) - Hand of Kindness ( Hannibal , 1983 ) - Watching The Dark : The History of Richard Thompson ( Hannibal , 1993 ) - On Gay & Terry Woods albums - The Time is Right ( Polydor 1976 ) - Lake Songs from Red Waters-The Best of Gay & Terry Woods ( 2004 ) - On Dan Ar Bras albums - Douar Nevez ( Hexagone , 1977 ) - On Julie Covington albums - Julie Covington ( Fame , 1978 ) - On Craig Nuttyholme albums - Its Just a Lifetime ( A&M , 1978 ) - On Murray Head albums - Voices ( Mercury , 1980 ) - On Dick Gaughan albums - A Different Kind of Love Song ( Celtic , 1983 ) - Dick Gaughan Prentice Piece ( Green Trax , 2002 ) - On Simon Nicol albums - Before Your Time ( Woodworm , 1987 ) - With various artists - Circle Dance—The Hokey Pokey Charity Compilation ( Hokey Pokey ConeD , 1990 ) - Footsteps to Fame , vol 2 ( Repertoire , 1991 ) - Best of British Folk Rock ( Park , 1997 ) - House on Fire vol 2 , an Urban Folk Collection ( Red House , 1997 ) - Blues Britannia ( Bridge , 2000 ) - Acoustic folk box ( Topic , 2002 ) - Acoustic vol 2 ( Topic , 2002 ) - Master Craftsmen ( Terra Nova , 2002 ) - Along the Pilgrim Way ( Pickwick , 2003 ) - Best of British Folk ( Prism Leisure , 2003 ) - With The G.P.s - Saturday Rolling Around live from Broughton Castle ( Woodworm , 1991 ) - On Beryl Marriott with Fairport Convention & Chris Leslie albums - Weave The Mirror ( Woodworm , 1991 ) - On Sally Barker albums - The Rhythm is Mine ( Hannibal , 1990 ) - Another Train ( Hypertension , 2000 ) - On Linda Thompson albums - Dreams Fly Away : A History of Linda Thompson ( Hannibal , 1996 ) - Fashionably Late ( Topic , 2002 ) - On Steve Tilston and Maggy Boyle albums - All Under the Sun ( Flying Fish , 1996 ) - On Ashley Hutchings albums - The Guvnor vol 4 ( Castle , 1996 ) - On Phil Pickett albums - The Bones of All Men ( Hannibal , 1998 ) - With the Dylan Project - The Dylan Project ( Woodworm , 1998 ) - The Dylan Project...Live at Cropredy Festival ( Woodworm , 1999 ) - The Dylan Project 2 ( Matty Grooves 2005 ) - On Alan Simon albums - Excalibur : La Legende des Celtes ( Sbme , 1999 ) - Excalibur : Concert Mythique ( Epic , 2000 ) - ( EMI , 2007 ) - On Fallen Angel albums - Happy Ever After ( Tara , 1999 ) - On Jerry Donahue albums - Telecasting recast ( Pharaoh , 1999 ) - On David Hughes albums - This Other Eden ( The Folk Corporation , 1999 ) - Recognised ( The Folk Corporation , 2002 ) - On Bob Fox albums - Dreams Never Leave You ( Woodworm , 2000 ) - On Shirley Collins albums - Within Sound ( Fledgling , 2002 ) - On Chris Leslie albums - Dancing Days ( Talking Elephant , 2003 ) - On Amazing Blondel albums - Going Where the Music Takes Me ( Shakedown , 2004 ) - On Anna Ryder albums - Paper Girl ( RowdyMusic , 2004 ) - With PJ Wright - Galileos Apology ( Matty Grooves , 2007 ) - On Steve Tilston albums - Reaching Back : the Life & Music of Steve Tilston ( Free Reed , 2007 ) - On Ric Sanders albums - Still Waters ( Talking Elephant , 2008 ) - On Deborah Bonham albums - Duchess ( Warner , 2008 ) - On Tim Moon album - Invicta ( Inside Motion , due for release 2010 ) - On Red Shoes album - Ring Around The Land ( Cedarwood Records , 2009 ) External links . - Dave Pegg Biography – Fairport Conventions official website - Biography at Jethro Tull official website - The Dylan Project
|
[
"Ian Campbell Folk Group"
] |
[
{
"text": " Dave Pegg ( born 2 November 1947 ) is an English multi-instrumentalist and record producer , primarily a bass guitarist . He is the longest-serving member of the British folk rock band Fairport Convention and has been bassist with a number of folk and rock groups including the Ian Campbell Folk Group and Jethro Tull .",
"title": "Dave Pegg"
},
{
"text": " David Pegg was born on 2 November 1947 , at Acocks Green , Birmingham , England . He began to learn guitar when 14 or 15 , inspired by The Shadows , and played in a school band at Yardley Grammar School .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "After leaving school he worked as an insurance clerk for about a year while playing in a part-time bands the Crawdaddys and The Roy Everett Blues Band , who supported several performers from the Birmingham beat scene of the time , including the Spencer Davis Group and The Moody Blues . In 1966 he auditioned for The Uglys , featuring Steve Gibbons and was beaten to the position by friend and guitarist Roger Hill , but was offered the job of bass guitarist and switched instruments .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "The Uglys cut one single before Pegg and Hill left to form a blues trio , The Exception , with singer Alan Eastwood . At this period he played with Robert Plant and in his next band , The Way of Life , the drummer was John Bonham , later both went to form Led Zeppelin . In 1967 he joined the Ian Campbell Folk Group , where he switched to stand-up bass , learnt to play the mandolin and acquired his affection for folk music . It was also where he came to the attention of local folk guitarist",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "Ralph McTell and former Campbell Group and future Fairport Convention member Dave Swarbrick .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " By early 1969 he had moved back to electric bass with The Beast , with Cozy Powell and Dave Clempson , before the latter left for Colosseum . Soon after this he joined the Birmingham band Dave Peace Quartet , and played bass on their electric blues album Good Morning Mr Blues released on SAGA FID 2155 . One week after seeing Fairport for the first time on his twenty-first birthday he was called by Swarbrick to audition for the band after the departure of Ashley Hutchings , who was soon to found Steeleye Span .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "Pegg joined Fairport Convention towards the end of 1969 and formed a strong playing partnership with drummer Dave Mattacks and good relationships with the other members . Although Hutchings had been a solid and melodic bass player , Pegg played with greater virtuosity , complexity and energy . Ashley Hutchings credits Pegg with being the musician who began the technique of playing jigs and reels on the bass , rather than just a supportive bass line , which was subsequently adopted by most British folk rock and even folk punk bassists . All this was obvious on the 1970 tour",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "of Britain and America ( including support for Jethro Tull ) , recordings from which surfaced on the Live at the L.A . Troubadour album ( 1977 ) . His first album with the group , Full House ( 1970 ) , showed more technically accomplished playing from the band , showing Peggs musical influence on the group .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "On joining the band Pegg had moved his family from Birmingham and into the former pub , the Angel in Hadham , Hertfordshire along with other group members and their families . This became the theme for the title track of the next album Angel Delight ( 1971 ) , for which Pegg received his first writing credit . On the next album Babbacombe Lee , a folk-rock opera masterminded by Swarbrick , he played a much greater role , contributing to seven of the fifteen tracks . The next album Rosie contained three of his contributions , including the",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "song Peggys Pub a statement of a lifelong ambition .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "In 1971 when Simon Nicol and Dave Mattacks left the band , Pegg and Swarbrick were the only remaining members and , as a succession of personnel came ( or returned ) and left again over the next five years , their partnership kept the band running . Some of these performers , like Sandy Denny and her husband Trevor Lucas , were acknowledged songwriters and as a result , although he still made contributions and took part in collaborations , Peggs song-writing took a back seat to his instrumental and organisational skills . After the financial disaster that followed",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "the Rising for the Moon ( 1975 ) tour , which prompted Denny , Lucas and Jerry Donahue to quit the band , Pegg became increasingly determined for the group to take control of their finances and direction and took over a larger responsibility . Pegg and Swarbrick renewed contact with Nicol in 1975 forming a low key trio , Three Desperate Mortgages , which toured student venues across Britain .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "With only Pegg , Swarbrick and replacement drummer Bruce Rowland left , they persuaded Nicol to rejoin the band during the Gottle OGeer album sessions . The remaining quartet signed up with Vertigo , and produced two albums , The Bonny Bunch of Roses ( 1977 ) and Tipplers Tales ( 1978 ) . Although well crafted these albums did not sell well and Vertigo bought them out of their contract . With Swarbrick suffering acute hearing problems and with no recording contract the group decided to disband and played a final concert at Cropredy in Oxfordshire on 4 August",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "1979 , close to where Pegg lived .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "While with Fairport , Pegg had played on a variety of albums for other performers . Among them were : Nick Drakes Bryter Layter ( 1970 ) ; John Martins Solid Air ( 1973 ) and One World ( 1977 ) , as well as work for current and ex-Fairporters , including several albums for Dave Swarbrick , on Sandy Dennys Like an Old Fashioned Waltz ( 1973 ) and Rendezvous ( 1977 ) and Richard Thompsons Pour Down Like Silver ( 1975 ) . He appeared on three Ralph McTell albums , including Streets ( 1973 ) , and",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "Slide Aside the Screen ( 1976 ) , which Pegg also produced .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "Although Fairport had disbanded they continued to play annual reunions at Cropredy , supplemented by New Years gigs in minor locations and occasional larger European festivals . Because no record label was interested in putting out recordings of the Cropredy concerts , Pegg and his wife Christine established their own label , Woodworm Records . They released the final concert as the album Farewell , Farewell ( 1979 ) and subsequent recordings were issued as official bootlegs . He had already established a small recording studio in his house and with the money from the end of the record deal",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "with Vertigo , he was able to develop this and it was eventually moved to a nearby converted chapel . The result was that Pegg had his own recording facility and record label . Artists like Steve Ashley began to record albums there from 1979 . The Peggs established a mailing list of fans of the band , keeping interest in Fairport alive and , particularly Christine , took over the organization of the Cropredy Festival , which grew in size every year to reach about 18,000 attendees by the mid-1980s .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "In 1979 Ian Anderson invited Pegg to stand in for the ailing John Glascock on the Jethro Tull Stormwatch tour . After Glascocks death , Pegg was invited to join the band , still one of the biggest in the world , and it provided paid employment for Pegg for the next fifteen years . Pegg happened to join at a turning point for Jethro Tull . His first recording was intended as a solo album for Anderson , involving only Martin Barre from the band . The album , A ( 1980 ) was in stark contrast to the",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "medieval and folk music inspired previous work , depending heavily on synthesizers for its sound . At this time all the other longstanding members left the band and the recording was put out as a Jethro Tull album . Pegg coped with this , and subsequent changes of style . The next album , Broadsword and the Beast ( 1982 ) had a heavier sound and more medieval theme and Pegg joined the band on stage in pseudo-medieval costume beside a Viking ship . In 1983 Pegg recorded his first solo album , The Cocktail Cowboy Goes It Alone (",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "1983 ) . After the next Tull album , Under Wraps ( 1984 ) , Andersons vocal problems forced him to retire from touring for three years and Pegg had more time to pursue other projects .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "In 1981 Pegg joined Ralph McTell and ex-Fairport members Richard Thompson and Dave Mattacks in the GPs ( an abbreviation for the Grazed Pontiffs , after a comment by Dave Mattacks following the attempted assassination of the Pope ) . The aim was for a pub band , playing a few originals and blues , rock n roll , soul and country standards . They only gave six performances , including the Fairport reunion festival in 1981 ( at Broughton Castle , Oxfordshire ) , which Woodworm Records released a recording of the performance as Saturday Rolling Around ( 1991",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": ") . In the 1980s he also appeared on several recordings by other folk artists , including Murray Head and Dick Gaughan , besides those by Fairport and ex-Fairport members Simon Nicol and Richard Thompson .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "In 1985 Pegg , Nicol and Mattacks were also free and the trio decided to make an album of new material for the band to play at the Cropredy Festival , using the Woodworm studio and label . The result was Gladys Leap ( 1985 ) , which was generally well received in the music and national press , but caused some tension with Swarbrick who refused to play any of the new material at the 1985 Cropredy Festival . Nevertheless , the decision to reform the band , without Swarbrick , was taken by the other three remaining members",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": ". Ric Sanders was invited to join , along with guitarist , composer , arranger and multi-instrumentalist Maartin Allcock . Pegg was now in two major bands at the same time . The reformed Fairport produced an instrumental album Expletive Delighted ( 1986 ) , mainly designed to showcase the virtuosity of Sanders and Allcock .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "In 1987 Jethro Tull produced their first album for three years , Crest of a Knave , to which Pegg contributed and this was to be followed by an American tour , on which Anderson invited Fairport to support Jethro Tull . Needing an album to promote , Pegg negotiated financial support from Island Records and Fairport put together In Real Time ( 1987 ) . This was presented as a live album , but was actually a studio recording ( albeit with all the songs recorded as live with all the musicians playing at the same time ) with",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "dubbed audience reactions . Although the tour was musically rewarding , it was unproductive financially and Pegg , being in both bands , left the stage with one band to return after a few minutes with the other , and the process was inevitably exhausting . Pegg played on three more Jethro Tull studio albums : Rock Island ( 1989 ) , Catfish Rising ( 1991 ) and Roots to Branches ( 1995 ) . In the same period he contributed to three studio albums by Fairport Convention : Red and Gold ( 1989 ) the Five Seasons ( 1990",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": ") and Jewel in the Crown ( 1995 ) . Fairports popularity and the scale of their tours were growing throughout this period and the strain of undertaking two jobs , plus his other commitments , was becoming too much and he decided to leave Tull and focus on Fairport .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": " Focusing on Fairport 1995–present . Part of the result of this change was a higher output of albums for Fairport Convention , with five studio albums from the acoustic Old New Borrowed Blue ( 1996 ) to Over the Next Hill ( 2004 ) , beside four live albums and compilations . Pegg also released his second solo album Birthday Party ( 1998 ) , which combined recordings from a celebratory concert for his fiftieth birthday at Dudley Town Hall with studio recordings .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "In 1998 , Pegg formed The Dylan Project , a Bob Dylan tribute band with Simon Nicol , PJ Wright , Steve Gibbons , and Gerry Conway . In 2006 , Nicol was replaced by Birmingham keyboard player Phil Bond . They tour annually in the autumn and have produced two studio albums and a live album recorded at Cropredy Festival .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 Pegg and his wife Christine divorced . The Woodworm studio was sold , and a new record label , Matty Grooves was established for the band and the group as a whole now organises the Cropredy Festival , now called Fairports Cropredy Convention .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "Pegg also formed Peggy & PJ , a duo with guitarist PJ Wright , who had been lead guitar with the Steve Gibbons Band , touring smaller venues and producing an album Galileos Apology in 2007 , a collection of pop and folk-rock songs and instrumentals . Pegg also had a second birthday bash at Birmingham Town Hall , released as Dave Peggs 60th Birthday Bash ( 2008 ) .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": " In 2007 a retrospective of Peggs career was launched . A Box of Peggs contained four CDs , summarizing his work with Fairport Convention , Crawdaddy , Richard Thompson , Mike Heron , Steve Ashley , Jethro Tull , The Ian Campbell Folk Group and others . From 2010 to 2013 he appeared in France with the Breton band Red Cardell .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "Pegg lives in Banbury , Oxfordshire . He has a daughter , Stephanie , who works as a PR consultant : his son , Matt Pegg , is a bassist who has played with Procol Harum and Francis Dunnery .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": " In 2002 Dave Pegg shared with other Fairport Convention members a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards .",
"title": "Public recognition"
},
{
"text": " For Fairport Convention albums see Fairport Convention discography For Jethro Tull albums see Jethro Tull discography - As solo artist or with friends - The Cocktail Cowboy Goes It Alone ( Woodworm , 1983 ) . - Birthday Party ( Woodworm , 1998 ) . - A Box of Peggs ( Matty Grooves , 2007 ) - Dave Peggs 60th Birthday Bash ( Matty Grooves , 2008 ) - As a member of Dave Peace Quartet - Good Morning Mr Blues ( SAGA Records FID 2155 , 1969 ) - On Dana Scott and the Crown Folk album",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Folk in Worship ( BBC Records , 1969 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Nick Drake albums - Bryter Layter ( Island , 1970 ) - Fruit Tree ( Island , 1979 ) - Way to Blue : – An Introduction to Nick Drake ( Island , 1994 ) - Nick Drake Treasury ( Island , 2004 ) - On A . L . Lloyd albums - The Great Australian Legend ( Topic , 1971 ) - Old Bush Songs ( 1995 ) - On Mike Heron albums - Smiling Men with Bad Reputations ( Elektra , 1971 ) - On Marc Ellington albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Rains / Reins of Changes ( B&C , 1971 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Alan Taylor albums - Sometimes ( United Artists , 1971 ) - On Harvey Andrews albums - Faces and Places ( Decca Nova , 1970 ) - Writer of Songs ( Cube , 1971 ) - On Mick Greenwood albums - Living Game ( MCA , 1971 ) - On John Martyn albums - Solid Air ( Island , 1973 ) - One World ( Island , 1977 ) - Little Sweet Mysteries : the Island Anthology ( Island , 1995 ) - On Chris Darrow albums - Chris Darrow ( United Artists , 1973 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- On Bryn Haworth albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Sunny Side of the Street ( Island , 1973 ) - Songs and Hymns ( Kingsway , 1999 ) - On Sandy Denny Albums - Like an Old Fashioned Waltz ( Island , 1973 ) - Rendezvous ( Island , 1977 ) - Who Knows Where The Time Goes ? ( Island , 1985 ) - A Boxful of Treasures ( Fledgling , 2004 ) - On Krysia Kocjan albums - Krysia ( RCA , 1974 ) - On Steve Ashley albums - Stroll On ( Gull , 1974 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Steve Ashleys Family Album ( Woodworm , 1983 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Mysterious Ways ( Lighthouse , 1990 ) - Test of Time ( Topic , 1998 ) - Stroll On Revisited ( Market Square , 1999 ) - Everyday Lives ( Topic , 2001 ) - Acoustic Folk Box ( Topic , 2002 ) - Speedy Return ( Market Square , 2003 ) - Live in Concert ( Dusk Fire , 2006 ) - Time and Tide ( Topic , 2007 ) - On Richard & Linda Thompson albums - Pour Down Like Silver ( Island , 1975 ) - Sunnyvista ( Chrysalis , 1979 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Shoot Out the Lights ( Hannibal , 1982 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Ralph McTell albums - Streets.. . ( Warner Brothers , 1973 ) - Right Side Up ( Warner Brothers , 1976 ) - Slide Away the Screen ( Warner Brothers , 1977 ) - Streets of London ( Warner Brothers , 1981 ) - From Claire to Here : the songs of Ralph McTell ( Red House , 1996 ) - Red Sky ( Leola , 2000 ) - On Dave Swarbrick albums - Swarbrick ( Transatlantic , 1976 ) - Swarbrick II ( Transatlantic , 1977 ) - The Ceilidh Album ( Sonet , 1978 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Lift the Lid and Listen ( Sonet , 1978 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Smiddyburn ( Logo , 1981 ) - Flittin ( Spendthrift , 1983 ) - The English Fiddler : Swarbrick plays Swarbrick ( Naxos World , 2002 ) - On Richard Thompson albums - ( guitar , vocal ) ( Island , 1976 ) - Hand of Kindness ( Hannibal , 1983 ) - Watching The Dark : The History of Richard Thompson ( Hannibal , 1993 ) - On Gay & Terry Woods albums - The Time is Right ( Polydor 1976 ) - Lake Songs from Red Waters-The Best of Gay & Terry Woods ( 2004 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- On Dan Ar Bras albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Douar Nevez ( Hexagone , 1977 ) - On Julie Covington albums - Julie Covington ( Fame , 1978 ) - On Craig Nuttyholme albums - Its Just a Lifetime ( A&M , 1978 ) - On Murray Head albums - Voices ( Mercury , 1980 ) - On Dick Gaughan albums - A Different Kind of Love Song ( Celtic , 1983 ) - Dick Gaughan Prentice Piece ( Green Trax , 2002 ) - On Simon Nicol albums - Before Your Time ( Woodworm , 1987 ) - With various artists",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Circle Dance—The Hokey Pokey Charity Compilation ( Hokey Pokey ConeD , 1990 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Footsteps to Fame , vol 2 ( Repertoire , 1991 ) - Best of British Folk Rock ( Park , 1997 ) - House on Fire vol 2 , an Urban Folk Collection ( Red House , 1997 ) - Blues Britannia ( Bridge , 2000 ) - Acoustic folk box ( Topic , 2002 ) - Acoustic vol 2 ( Topic , 2002 ) - Master Craftsmen ( Terra Nova , 2002 ) - Along the Pilgrim Way ( Pickwick , 2003 ) - Best of British Folk ( Prism Leisure , 2003 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- With The G.P.s",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Saturday Rolling Around live from Broughton Castle ( Woodworm , 1991 ) - On Beryl Marriott with Fairport Convention & Chris Leslie albums - Weave The Mirror ( Woodworm , 1991 ) - On Sally Barker albums - The Rhythm is Mine ( Hannibal , 1990 ) - Another Train ( Hypertension , 2000 ) - On Linda Thompson albums - Dreams Fly Away : A History of Linda Thompson ( Hannibal , 1996 ) - Fashionably Late ( Topic , 2002 ) - On Steve Tilston and Maggy Boyle albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- All Under the Sun ( Flying Fish , 1996 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Ashley Hutchings albums - The Guvnor vol 4 ( Castle , 1996 ) - On Phil Pickett albums - The Bones of All Men ( Hannibal , 1998 ) - With the Dylan Project - The Dylan Project ( Woodworm , 1998 ) - The Dylan Project...Live at Cropredy Festival ( Woodworm , 1999 ) - The Dylan Project 2 ( Matty Grooves 2005 ) - On Alan Simon albums - Excalibur : La Legende des Celtes ( Sbme , 1999 ) - Excalibur : Concert Mythique ( Epic , 2000 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- ( EMI , 2007 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Fallen Angel albums - Happy Ever After ( Tara , 1999 ) - On Jerry Donahue albums - Telecasting recast ( Pharaoh , 1999 ) - On David Hughes albums - This Other Eden ( The Folk Corporation , 1999 ) - Recognised ( The Folk Corporation , 2002 ) - On Bob Fox albums - Dreams Never Leave You ( Woodworm , 2000 ) - On Shirley Collins albums - Within Sound ( Fledgling , 2002 ) - On Chris Leslie albums - Dancing Days ( Talking Elephant , 2003 ) - On Amazing Blondel albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Going Where the Music Takes Me ( Shakedown , 2004 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Anna Ryder albums - Paper Girl ( RowdyMusic , 2004 ) - With PJ Wright - Galileos Apology ( Matty Grooves , 2007 ) - On Steve Tilston albums - Reaching Back : the Life & Music of Steve Tilston ( Free Reed , 2007 ) - On Ric Sanders albums - Still Waters ( Talking Elephant , 2008 ) - On Deborah Bonham albums - Duchess ( Warner , 2008 ) - On Tim Moon album - Invicta ( Inside Motion , due for release 2010 ) - On Red Shoes album",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Ring Around The Land ( Cedarwood Records , 2009 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Dave Pegg Biography – Fairport Conventions official website - Biography at Jethro Tull official website - The Dylan Project",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Dave_Pegg#P463#2
|
Dave Pegg became a member of what organization or association in 1985?
|
Dave Pegg Dave Pegg ( born 2 November 1947 ) is an English multi-instrumentalist and record producer , primarily a bass guitarist . He is the longest-serving member of the British folk rock band Fairport Convention and has been bassist with a number of folk and rock groups including the Ian Campbell Folk Group and Jethro Tull . History . Early career . David Pegg was born on 2 November 1947 , at Acocks Green , Birmingham , England . He began to learn guitar when 14 or 15 , inspired by The Shadows , and played in a school band at Yardley Grammar School . After leaving school he worked as an insurance clerk for about a year while playing in a part-time bands the Crawdaddys and The Roy Everett Blues Band , who supported several performers from the Birmingham beat scene of the time , including the Spencer Davis Group and The Moody Blues . In 1966 he auditioned for The Uglys , featuring Steve Gibbons and was beaten to the position by friend and guitarist Roger Hill , but was offered the job of bass guitarist and switched instruments . The Uglys cut one single before Pegg and Hill left to form a blues trio , The Exception , with singer Alan Eastwood . At this period he played with Robert Plant and in his next band , The Way of Life , the drummer was John Bonham , later both went to form Led Zeppelin . In 1967 he joined the Ian Campbell Folk Group , where he switched to stand-up bass , learnt to play the mandolin and acquired his affection for folk music . It was also where he came to the attention of local folk guitarist Ralph McTell and former Campbell Group and future Fairport Convention member Dave Swarbrick . By early 1969 he had moved back to electric bass with The Beast , with Cozy Powell and Dave Clempson , before the latter left for Colosseum . Soon after this he joined the Birmingham band Dave Peace Quartet , and played bass on their electric blues album Good Morning Mr Blues released on SAGA FID 2155 . One week after seeing Fairport for the first time on his twenty-first birthday he was called by Swarbrick to audition for the band after the departure of Ashley Hutchings , who was soon to found Steeleye Span . Fairport Convention 1969–1979 . Pegg joined Fairport Convention towards the end of 1969 and formed a strong playing partnership with drummer Dave Mattacks and good relationships with the other members . Although Hutchings had been a solid and melodic bass player , Pegg played with greater virtuosity , complexity and energy . Ashley Hutchings credits Pegg with being the musician who began the technique of playing jigs and reels on the bass , rather than just a supportive bass line , which was subsequently adopted by most British folk rock and even folk punk bassists . All this was obvious on the 1970 tour of Britain and America ( including support for Jethro Tull ) , recordings from which surfaced on the Live at the L.A . Troubadour album ( 1977 ) . His first album with the group , Full House ( 1970 ) , showed more technically accomplished playing from the band , showing Peggs musical influence on the group . On joining the band Pegg had moved his family from Birmingham and into the former pub , the Angel in Hadham , Hertfordshire along with other group members and their families . This became the theme for the title track of the next album Angel Delight ( 1971 ) , for which Pegg received his first writing credit . On the next album Babbacombe Lee , a folk-rock opera masterminded by Swarbrick , he played a much greater role , contributing to seven of the fifteen tracks . The next album Rosie contained three of his contributions , including the song Peggys Pub a statement of a lifelong ambition . In 1971 when Simon Nicol and Dave Mattacks left the band , Pegg and Swarbrick were the only remaining members and , as a succession of personnel came ( or returned ) and left again over the next five years , their partnership kept the band running . Some of these performers , like Sandy Denny and her husband Trevor Lucas , were acknowledged songwriters and as a result , although he still made contributions and took part in collaborations , Peggs song-writing took a back seat to his instrumental and organisational skills . After the financial disaster that followed the Rising for the Moon ( 1975 ) tour , which prompted Denny , Lucas and Jerry Donahue to quit the band , Pegg became increasingly determined for the group to take control of their finances and direction and took over a larger responsibility . Pegg and Swarbrick renewed contact with Nicol in 1975 forming a low key trio , Three Desperate Mortgages , which toured student venues across Britain . With only Pegg , Swarbrick and replacement drummer Bruce Rowland left , they persuaded Nicol to rejoin the band during the Gottle OGeer album sessions . The remaining quartet signed up with Vertigo , and produced two albums , The Bonny Bunch of Roses ( 1977 ) and Tipplers Tales ( 1978 ) . Although well crafted these albums did not sell well and Vertigo bought them out of their contract . With Swarbrick suffering acute hearing problems and with no recording contract the group decided to disband and played a final concert at Cropredy in Oxfordshire on 4 August 1979 , close to where Pegg lived . While with Fairport , Pegg had played on a variety of albums for other performers . Among them were : Nick Drakes Bryter Layter ( 1970 ) ; John Martins Solid Air ( 1973 ) and One World ( 1977 ) , as well as work for current and ex-Fairporters , including several albums for Dave Swarbrick , on Sandy Dennys Like an Old Fashioned Waltz ( 1973 ) and Rendezvous ( 1977 ) and Richard Thompsons Pour Down Like Silver ( 1975 ) . He appeared on three Ralph McTell albums , including Streets ( 1973 ) , and Slide Aside the Screen ( 1976 ) , which Pegg also produced . Woodworm and Jethro Tull 1980–1985 . Although Fairport had disbanded they continued to play annual reunions at Cropredy , supplemented by New Years gigs in minor locations and occasional larger European festivals . Because no record label was interested in putting out recordings of the Cropredy concerts , Pegg and his wife Christine established their own label , Woodworm Records . They released the final concert as the album Farewell , Farewell ( 1979 ) and subsequent recordings were issued as official bootlegs . He had already established a small recording studio in his house and with the money from the end of the record deal with Vertigo , he was able to develop this and it was eventually moved to a nearby converted chapel . The result was that Pegg had his own recording facility and record label . Artists like Steve Ashley began to record albums there from 1979 . The Peggs established a mailing list of fans of the band , keeping interest in Fairport alive and , particularly Christine , took over the organization of the Cropredy Festival , which grew in size every year to reach about 18,000 attendees by the mid-1980s . In 1979 Ian Anderson invited Pegg to stand in for the ailing John Glascock on the Jethro Tull Stormwatch tour . After Glascocks death , Pegg was invited to join the band , still one of the biggest in the world , and it provided paid employment for Pegg for the next fifteen years . Pegg happened to join at a turning point for Jethro Tull . His first recording was intended as a solo album for Anderson , involving only Martin Barre from the band . The album , A ( 1980 ) was in stark contrast to the medieval and folk music inspired previous work , depending heavily on synthesizers for its sound . At this time all the other longstanding members left the band and the recording was put out as a Jethro Tull album . Pegg coped with this , and subsequent changes of style . The next album , Broadsword and the Beast ( 1982 ) had a heavier sound and more medieval theme and Pegg joined the band on stage in pseudo-medieval costume beside a Viking ship . In 1983 Pegg recorded his first solo album , The Cocktail Cowboy Goes It Alone ( 1983 ) . After the next Tull album , Under Wraps ( 1984 ) , Andersons vocal problems forced him to retire from touring for three years and Pegg had more time to pursue other projects . Reforming Fairport 1985–1995 . In 1981 Pegg joined Ralph McTell and ex-Fairport members Richard Thompson and Dave Mattacks in the GPs ( an abbreviation for the Grazed Pontiffs , after a comment by Dave Mattacks following the attempted assassination of the Pope ) . The aim was for a pub band , playing a few originals and blues , rock n roll , soul and country standards . They only gave six performances , including the Fairport reunion festival in 1981 ( at Broughton Castle , Oxfordshire ) , which Woodworm Records released a recording of the performance as Saturday Rolling Around ( 1991 ) . In the 1980s he also appeared on several recordings by other folk artists , including Murray Head and Dick Gaughan , besides those by Fairport and ex-Fairport members Simon Nicol and Richard Thompson . In 1985 Pegg , Nicol and Mattacks were also free and the trio decided to make an album of new material for the band to play at the Cropredy Festival , using the Woodworm studio and label . The result was Gladys Leap ( 1985 ) , which was generally well received in the music and national press , but caused some tension with Swarbrick who refused to play any of the new material at the 1985 Cropredy Festival . Nevertheless , the decision to reform the band , without Swarbrick , was taken by the other three remaining members . Ric Sanders was invited to join , along with guitarist , composer , arranger and multi-instrumentalist Maartin Allcock . Pegg was now in two major bands at the same time . The reformed Fairport produced an instrumental album Expletive Delighted ( 1986 ) , mainly designed to showcase the virtuosity of Sanders and Allcock . In 1987 Jethro Tull produced their first album for three years , Crest of a Knave , to which Pegg contributed and this was to be followed by an American tour , on which Anderson invited Fairport to support Jethro Tull . Needing an album to promote , Pegg negotiated financial support from Island Records and Fairport put together In Real Time ( 1987 ) . This was presented as a live album , but was actually a studio recording ( albeit with all the songs recorded as live with all the musicians playing at the same time ) with dubbed audience reactions . Although the tour was musically rewarding , it was unproductive financially and Pegg , being in both bands , left the stage with one band to return after a few minutes with the other , and the process was inevitably exhausting . Pegg played on three more Jethro Tull studio albums : Rock Island ( 1989 ) , Catfish Rising ( 1991 ) and Roots to Branches ( 1995 ) . In the same period he contributed to three studio albums by Fairport Convention : Red and Gold ( 1989 ) the Five Seasons ( 1990 ) and Jewel in the Crown ( 1995 ) . Fairports popularity and the scale of their tours were growing throughout this period and the strain of undertaking two jobs , plus his other commitments , was becoming too much and he decided to leave Tull and focus on Fairport . Focusing on Fairport 1995–present . Part of the result of this change was a higher output of albums for Fairport Convention , with five studio albums from the acoustic Old New Borrowed Blue ( 1996 ) to Over the Next Hill ( 2004 ) , beside four live albums and compilations . Pegg also released his second solo album Birthday Party ( 1998 ) , which combined recordings from a celebratory concert for his fiftieth birthday at Dudley Town Hall with studio recordings . In 1998 , Pegg formed The Dylan Project , a Bob Dylan tribute band with Simon Nicol , PJ Wright , Steve Gibbons , and Gerry Conway . In 2006 , Nicol was replaced by Birmingham keyboard player Phil Bond . They tour annually in the autumn and have produced two studio albums and a live album recorded at Cropredy Festival . In 2004 Pegg and his wife Christine divorced . The Woodworm studio was sold , and a new record label , Matty Grooves was established for the band and the group as a whole now organises the Cropredy Festival , now called Fairports Cropredy Convention . Pegg also formed Peggy & PJ , a duo with guitarist PJ Wright , who had been lead guitar with the Steve Gibbons Band , touring smaller venues and producing an album Galileos Apology in 2007 , a collection of pop and folk-rock songs and instrumentals . Pegg also had a second birthday bash at Birmingham Town Hall , released as Dave Peggs 60th Birthday Bash ( 2008 ) . In 2007 a retrospective of Peggs career was launched . A Box of Peggs contained four CDs , summarizing his work with Fairport Convention , Crawdaddy , Richard Thompson , Mike Heron , Steve Ashley , Jethro Tull , The Ian Campbell Folk Group and others . From 2010 to 2013 he appeared in France with the Breton band Red Cardell . Pegg lives in Banbury , Oxfordshire . He has a daughter , Stephanie , who works as a PR consultant : his son , Matt Pegg , is a bassist who has played with Procol Harum and Francis Dunnery . Public recognition . In 2002 Dave Pegg shared with other Fairport Convention members a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards . Discography . For Fairport Convention albums see Fairport Convention discography For Jethro Tull albums see Jethro Tull discography - As solo artist or with friends - The Cocktail Cowboy Goes It Alone ( Woodworm , 1983 ) . - Birthday Party ( Woodworm , 1998 ) . - A Box of Peggs ( Matty Grooves , 2007 ) - Dave Peggs 60th Birthday Bash ( Matty Grooves , 2008 ) - As a member of Dave Peace Quartet - Good Morning Mr Blues ( SAGA Records FID 2155 , 1969 ) - On Dana Scott and the Crown Folk album - Folk in Worship ( BBC Records , 1969 ) - On Nick Drake albums - Bryter Layter ( Island , 1970 ) - Fruit Tree ( Island , 1979 ) - Way to Blue : – An Introduction to Nick Drake ( Island , 1994 ) - Nick Drake Treasury ( Island , 2004 ) - On A . L . Lloyd albums - The Great Australian Legend ( Topic , 1971 ) - Old Bush Songs ( 1995 ) - On Mike Heron albums - Smiling Men with Bad Reputations ( Elektra , 1971 ) - On Marc Ellington albums - Rains / Reins of Changes ( B&C , 1971 ) - On Alan Taylor albums - Sometimes ( United Artists , 1971 ) - On Harvey Andrews albums - Faces and Places ( Decca Nova , 1970 ) - Writer of Songs ( Cube , 1971 ) - On Mick Greenwood albums - Living Game ( MCA , 1971 ) - On John Martyn albums - Solid Air ( Island , 1973 ) - One World ( Island , 1977 ) - Little Sweet Mysteries : the Island Anthology ( Island , 1995 ) - On Chris Darrow albums - Chris Darrow ( United Artists , 1973 ) - On Bryn Haworth albums - Sunny Side of the Street ( Island , 1973 ) - Songs and Hymns ( Kingsway , 1999 ) - On Sandy Denny Albums - Like an Old Fashioned Waltz ( Island , 1973 ) - Rendezvous ( Island , 1977 ) - Who Knows Where The Time Goes ? ( Island , 1985 ) - A Boxful of Treasures ( Fledgling , 2004 ) - On Krysia Kocjan albums - Krysia ( RCA , 1974 ) - On Steve Ashley albums - Stroll On ( Gull , 1974 ) - Steve Ashleys Family Album ( Woodworm , 1983 ) - Mysterious Ways ( Lighthouse , 1990 ) - Test of Time ( Topic , 1998 ) - Stroll On Revisited ( Market Square , 1999 ) - Everyday Lives ( Topic , 2001 ) - Acoustic Folk Box ( Topic , 2002 ) - Speedy Return ( Market Square , 2003 ) - Live in Concert ( Dusk Fire , 2006 ) - Time and Tide ( Topic , 2007 ) - On Richard & Linda Thompson albums - Pour Down Like Silver ( Island , 1975 ) - Sunnyvista ( Chrysalis , 1979 ) - Shoot Out the Lights ( Hannibal , 1982 ) - On Ralph McTell albums - Streets.. . ( Warner Brothers , 1973 ) - Right Side Up ( Warner Brothers , 1976 ) - Slide Away the Screen ( Warner Brothers , 1977 ) - Streets of London ( Warner Brothers , 1981 ) - From Claire to Here : the songs of Ralph McTell ( Red House , 1996 ) - Red Sky ( Leola , 2000 ) - On Dave Swarbrick albums - Swarbrick ( Transatlantic , 1976 ) - Swarbrick II ( Transatlantic , 1977 ) - The Ceilidh Album ( Sonet , 1978 ) - Lift the Lid and Listen ( Sonet , 1978 ) - Smiddyburn ( Logo , 1981 ) - Flittin ( Spendthrift , 1983 ) - The English Fiddler : Swarbrick plays Swarbrick ( Naxos World , 2002 ) - On Richard Thompson albums - ( guitar , vocal ) ( Island , 1976 ) - Hand of Kindness ( Hannibal , 1983 ) - Watching The Dark : The History of Richard Thompson ( Hannibal , 1993 ) - On Gay & Terry Woods albums - The Time is Right ( Polydor 1976 ) - Lake Songs from Red Waters-The Best of Gay & Terry Woods ( 2004 ) - On Dan Ar Bras albums - Douar Nevez ( Hexagone , 1977 ) - On Julie Covington albums - Julie Covington ( Fame , 1978 ) - On Craig Nuttyholme albums - Its Just a Lifetime ( A&M , 1978 ) - On Murray Head albums - Voices ( Mercury , 1980 ) - On Dick Gaughan albums - A Different Kind of Love Song ( Celtic , 1983 ) - Dick Gaughan Prentice Piece ( Green Trax , 2002 ) - On Simon Nicol albums - Before Your Time ( Woodworm , 1987 ) - With various artists - Circle Dance—The Hokey Pokey Charity Compilation ( Hokey Pokey ConeD , 1990 ) - Footsteps to Fame , vol 2 ( Repertoire , 1991 ) - Best of British Folk Rock ( Park , 1997 ) - House on Fire vol 2 , an Urban Folk Collection ( Red House , 1997 ) - Blues Britannia ( Bridge , 2000 ) - Acoustic folk box ( Topic , 2002 ) - Acoustic vol 2 ( Topic , 2002 ) - Master Craftsmen ( Terra Nova , 2002 ) - Along the Pilgrim Way ( Pickwick , 2003 ) - Best of British Folk ( Prism Leisure , 2003 ) - With The G.P.s - Saturday Rolling Around live from Broughton Castle ( Woodworm , 1991 ) - On Beryl Marriott with Fairport Convention & Chris Leslie albums - Weave The Mirror ( Woodworm , 1991 ) - On Sally Barker albums - The Rhythm is Mine ( Hannibal , 1990 ) - Another Train ( Hypertension , 2000 ) - On Linda Thompson albums - Dreams Fly Away : A History of Linda Thompson ( Hannibal , 1996 ) - Fashionably Late ( Topic , 2002 ) - On Steve Tilston and Maggy Boyle albums - All Under the Sun ( Flying Fish , 1996 ) - On Ashley Hutchings albums - The Guvnor vol 4 ( Castle , 1996 ) - On Phil Pickett albums - The Bones of All Men ( Hannibal , 1998 ) - With the Dylan Project - The Dylan Project ( Woodworm , 1998 ) - The Dylan Project...Live at Cropredy Festival ( Woodworm , 1999 ) - The Dylan Project 2 ( Matty Grooves 2005 ) - On Alan Simon albums - Excalibur : La Legende des Celtes ( Sbme , 1999 ) - Excalibur : Concert Mythique ( Epic , 2000 ) - ( EMI , 2007 ) - On Fallen Angel albums - Happy Ever After ( Tara , 1999 ) - On Jerry Donahue albums - Telecasting recast ( Pharaoh , 1999 ) - On David Hughes albums - This Other Eden ( The Folk Corporation , 1999 ) - Recognised ( The Folk Corporation , 2002 ) - On Bob Fox albums - Dreams Never Leave You ( Woodworm , 2000 ) - On Shirley Collins albums - Within Sound ( Fledgling , 2002 ) - On Chris Leslie albums - Dancing Days ( Talking Elephant , 2003 ) - On Amazing Blondel albums - Going Where the Music Takes Me ( Shakedown , 2004 ) - On Anna Ryder albums - Paper Girl ( RowdyMusic , 2004 ) - With PJ Wright - Galileos Apology ( Matty Grooves , 2007 ) - On Steve Tilston albums - Reaching Back : the Life & Music of Steve Tilston ( Free Reed , 2007 ) - On Ric Sanders albums - Still Waters ( Talking Elephant , 2008 ) - On Deborah Bonham albums - Duchess ( Warner , 2008 ) - On Tim Moon album - Invicta ( Inside Motion , due for release 2010 ) - On Red Shoes album - Ring Around The Land ( Cedarwood Records , 2009 ) External links . - Dave Pegg Biography – Fairport Conventions official website - Biography at Jethro Tull official website - The Dylan Project
|
[
"Gladys Leap"
] |
[
{
"text": " Dave Pegg ( born 2 November 1947 ) is an English multi-instrumentalist and record producer , primarily a bass guitarist . He is the longest-serving member of the British folk rock band Fairport Convention and has been bassist with a number of folk and rock groups including the Ian Campbell Folk Group and Jethro Tull .",
"title": "Dave Pegg"
},
{
"text": " David Pegg was born on 2 November 1947 , at Acocks Green , Birmingham , England . He began to learn guitar when 14 or 15 , inspired by The Shadows , and played in a school band at Yardley Grammar School .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "After leaving school he worked as an insurance clerk for about a year while playing in a part-time bands the Crawdaddys and The Roy Everett Blues Band , who supported several performers from the Birmingham beat scene of the time , including the Spencer Davis Group and The Moody Blues . In 1966 he auditioned for The Uglys , featuring Steve Gibbons and was beaten to the position by friend and guitarist Roger Hill , but was offered the job of bass guitarist and switched instruments .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "The Uglys cut one single before Pegg and Hill left to form a blues trio , The Exception , with singer Alan Eastwood . At this period he played with Robert Plant and in his next band , The Way of Life , the drummer was John Bonham , later both went to form Led Zeppelin . In 1967 he joined the Ian Campbell Folk Group , where he switched to stand-up bass , learnt to play the mandolin and acquired his affection for folk music . It was also where he came to the attention of local folk guitarist",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "Ralph McTell and former Campbell Group and future Fairport Convention member Dave Swarbrick .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": " By early 1969 he had moved back to electric bass with The Beast , with Cozy Powell and Dave Clempson , before the latter left for Colosseum . Soon after this he joined the Birmingham band Dave Peace Quartet , and played bass on their electric blues album Good Morning Mr Blues released on SAGA FID 2155 . One week after seeing Fairport for the first time on his twenty-first birthday he was called by Swarbrick to audition for the band after the departure of Ashley Hutchings , who was soon to found Steeleye Span .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "Pegg joined Fairport Convention towards the end of 1969 and formed a strong playing partnership with drummer Dave Mattacks and good relationships with the other members . Although Hutchings had been a solid and melodic bass player , Pegg played with greater virtuosity , complexity and energy . Ashley Hutchings credits Pegg with being the musician who began the technique of playing jigs and reels on the bass , rather than just a supportive bass line , which was subsequently adopted by most British folk rock and even folk punk bassists . All this was obvious on the 1970 tour",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "of Britain and America ( including support for Jethro Tull ) , recordings from which surfaced on the Live at the L.A . Troubadour album ( 1977 ) . His first album with the group , Full House ( 1970 ) , showed more technically accomplished playing from the band , showing Peggs musical influence on the group .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "On joining the band Pegg had moved his family from Birmingham and into the former pub , the Angel in Hadham , Hertfordshire along with other group members and their families . This became the theme for the title track of the next album Angel Delight ( 1971 ) , for which Pegg received his first writing credit . On the next album Babbacombe Lee , a folk-rock opera masterminded by Swarbrick , he played a much greater role , contributing to seven of the fifteen tracks . The next album Rosie contained three of his contributions , including the",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "song Peggys Pub a statement of a lifelong ambition .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "In 1971 when Simon Nicol and Dave Mattacks left the band , Pegg and Swarbrick were the only remaining members and , as a succession of personnel came ( or returned ) and left again over the next five years , their partnership kept the band running . Some of these performers , like Sandy Denny and her husband Trevor Lucas , were acknowledged songwriters and as a result , although he still made contributions and took part in collaborations , Peggs song-writing took a back seat to his instrumental and organisational skills . After the financial disaster that followed",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "the Rising for the Moon ( 1975 ) tour , which prompted Denny , Lucas and Jerry Donahue to quit the band , Pegg became increasingly determined for the group to take control of their finances and direction and took over a larger responsibility . Pegg and Swarbrick renewed contact with Nicol in 1975 forming a low key trio , Three Desperate Mortgages , which toured student venues across Britain .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "With only Pegg , Swarbrick and replacement drummer Bruce Rowland left , they persuaded Nicol to rejoin the band during the Gottle OGeer album sessions . The remaining quartet signed up with Vertigo , and produced two albums , The Bonny Bunch of Roses ( 1977 ) and Tipplers Tales ( 1978 ) . Although well crafted these albums did not sell well and Vertigo bought them out of their contract . With Swarbrick suffering acute hearing problems and with no recording contract the group decided to disband and played a final concert at Cropredy in Oxfordshire on 4 August",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "1979 , close to where Pegg lived .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "While with Fairport , Pegg had played on a variety of albums for other performers . Among them were : Nick Drakes Bryter Layter ( 1970 ) ; John Martins Solid Air ( 1973 ) and One World ( 1977 ) , as well as work for current and ex-Fairporters , including several albums for Dave Swarbrick , on Sandy Dennys Like an Old Fashioned Waltz ( 1973 ) and Rendezvous ( 1977 ) and Richard Thompsons Pour Down Like Silver ( 1975 ) . He appeared on three Ralph McTell albums , including Streets ( 1973 ) , and",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "Slide Aside the Screen ( 1976 ) , which Pegg also produced .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "Although Fairport had disbanded they continued to play annual reunions at Cropredy , supplemented by New Years gigs in minor locations and occasional larger European festivals . Because no record label was interested in putting out recordings of the Cropredy concerts , Pegg and his wife Christine established their own label , Woodworm Records . They released the final concert as the album Farewell , Farewell ( 1979 ) and subsequent recordings were issued as official bootlegs . He had already established a small recording studio in his house and with the money from the end of the record deal",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "with Vertigo , he was able to develop this and it was eventually moved to a nearby converted chapel . The result was that Pegg had his own recording facility and record label . Artists like Steve Ashley began to record albums there from 1979 . The Peggs established a mailing list of fans of the band , keeping interest in Fairport alive and , particularly Christine , took over the organization of the Cropredy Festival , which grew in size every year to reach about 18,000 attendees by the mid-1980s .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "In 1979 Ian Anderson invited Pegg to stand in for the ailing John Glascock on the Jethro Tull Stormwatch tour . After Glascocks death , Pegg was invited to join the band , still one of the biggest in the world , and it provided paid employment for Pegg for the next fifteen years . Pegg happened to join at a turning point for Jethro Tull . His first recording was intended as a solo album for Anderson , involving only Martin Barre from the band . The album , A ( 1980 ) was in stark contrast to the",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "medieval and folk music inspired previous work , depending heavily on synthesizers for its sound . At this time all the other longstanding members left the band and the recording was put out as a Jethro Tull album . Pegg coped with this , and subsequent changes of style . The next album , Broadsword and the Beast ( 1982 ) had a heavier sound and more medieval theme and Pegg joined the band on stage in pseudo-medieval costume beside a Viking ship . In 1983 Pegg recorded his first solo album , The Cocktail Cowboy Goes It Alone (",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "1983 ) . After the next Tull album , Under Wraps ( 1984 ) , Andersons vocal problems forced him to retire from touring for three years and Pegg had more time to pursue other projects .",
"title": "Fairport Convention 1969–1979"
},
{
"text": "In 1981 Pegg joined Ralph McTell and ex-Fairport members Richard Thompson and Dave Mattacks in the GPs ( an abbreviation for the Grazed Pontiffs , after a comment by Dave Mattacks following the attempted assassination of the Pope ) . The aim was for a pub band , playing a few originals and blues , rock n roll , soul and country standards . They only gave six performances , including the Fairport reunion festival in 1981 ( at Broughton Castle , Oxfordshire ) , which Woodworm Records released a recording of the performance as Saturday Rolling Around ( 1991",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": ") . In the 1980s he also appeared on several recordings by other folk artists , including Murray Head and Dick Gaughan , besides those by Fairport and ex-Fairport members Simon Nicol and Richard Thompson .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "In 1985 Pegg , Nicol and Mattacks were also free and the trio decided to make an album of new material for the band to play at the Cropredy Festival , using the Woodworm studio and label . The result was Gladys Leap ( 1985 ) , which was generally well received in the music and national press , but caused some tension with Swarbrick who refused to play any of the new material at the 1985 Cropredy Festival . Nevertheless , the decision to reform the band , without Swarbrick , was taken by the other three remaining members",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": ". Ric Sanders was invited to join , along with guitarist , composer , arranger and multi-instrumentalist Maartin Allcock . Pegg was now in two major bands at the same time . The reformed Fairport produced an instrumental album Expletive Delighted ( 1986 ) , mainly designed to showcase the virtuosity of Sanders and Allcock .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "In 1987 Jethro Tull produced their first album for three years , Crest of a Knave , to which Pegg contributed and this was to be followed by an American tour , on which Anderson invited Fairport to support Jethro Tull . Needing an album to promote , Pegg negotiated financial support from Island Records and Fairport put together In Real Time ( 1987 ) . This was presented as a live album , but was actually a studio recording ( albeit with all the songs recorded as live with all the musicians playing at the same time ) with",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "dubbed audience reactions . Although the tour was musically rewarding , it was unproductive financially and Pegg , being in both bands , left the stage with one band to return after a few minutes with the other , and the process was inevitably exhausting . Pegg played on three more Jethro Tull studio albums : Rock Island ( 1989 ) , Catfish Rising ( 1991 ) and Roots to Branches ( 1995 ) . In the same period he contributed to three studio albums by Fairport Convention : Red and Gold ( 1989 ) the Five Seasons ( 1990",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": ") and Jewel in the Crown ( 1995 ) . Fairports popularity and the scale of their tours were growing throughout this period and the strain of undertaking two jobs , plus his other commitments , was becoming too much and he decided to leave Tull and focus on Fairport .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": " Focusing on Fairport 1995–present . Part of the result of this change was a higher output of albums for Fairport Convention , with five studio albums from the acoustic Old New Borrowed Blue ( 1996 ) to Over the Next Hill ( 2004 ) , beside four live albums and compilations . Pegg also released his second solo album Birthday Party ( 1998 ) , which combined recordings from a celebratory concert for his fiftieth birthday at Dudley Town Hall with studio recordings .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "In 1998 , Pegg formed The Dylan Project , a Bob Dylan tribute band with Simon Nicol , PJ Wright , Steve Gibbons , and Gerry Conway . In 2006 , Nicol was replaced by Birmingham keyboard player Phil Bond . They tour annually in the autumn and have produced two studio albums and a live album recorded at Cropredy Festival .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": " In 2004 Pegg and his wife Christine divorced . The Woodworm studio was sold , and a new record label , Matty Grooves was established for the band and the group as a whole now organises the Cropredy Festival , now called Fairports Cropredy Convention .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "Pegg also formed Peggy & PJ , a duo with guitarist PJ Wright , who had been lead guitar with the Steve Gibbons Band , touring smaller venues and producing an album Galileos Apology in 2007 , a collection of pop and folk-rock songs and instrumentals . Pegg also had a second birthday bash at Birmingham Town Hall , released as Dave Peggs 60th Birthday Bash ( 2008 ) .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": " In 2007 a retrospective of Peggs career was launched . A Box of Peggs contained four CDs , summarizing his work with Fairport Convention , Crawdaddy , Richard Thompson , Mike Heron , Steve Ashley , Jethro Tull , The Ian Campbell Folk Group and others . From 2010 to 2013 he appeared in France with the Breton band Red Cardell .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": "Pegg lives in Banbury , Oxfordshire . He has a daughter , Stephanie , who works as a PR consultant : his son , Matt Pegg , is a bassist who has played with Procol Harum and Francis Dunnery .",
"title": "Reforming Fairport 1985–1995"
},
{
"text": " In 2002 Dave Pegg shared with other Fairport Convention members a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards .",
"title": "Public recognition"
},
{
"text": " For Fairport Convention albums see Fairport Convention discography For Jethro Tull albums see Jethro Tull discography - As solo artist or with friends - The Cocktail Cowboy Goes It Alone ( Woodworm , 1983 ) . - Birthday Party ( Woodworm , 1998 ) . - A Box of Peggs ( Matty Grooves , 2007 ) - Dave Peggs 60th Birthday Bash ( Matty Grooves , 2008 ) - As a member of Dave Peace Quartet - Good Morning Mr Blues ( SAGA Records FID 2155 , 1969 ) - On Dana Scott and the Crown Folk album",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Folk in Worship ( BBC Records , 1969 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Nick Drake albums - Bryter Layter ( Island , 1970 ) - Fruit Tree ( Island , 1979 ) - Way to Blue : – An Introduction to Nick Drake ( Island , 1994 ) - Nick Drake Treasury ( Island , 2004 ) - On A . L . Lloyd albums - The Great Australian Legend ( Topic , 1971 ) - Old Bush Songs ( 1995 ) - On Mike Heron albums - Smiling Men with Bad Reputations ( Elektra , 1971 ) - On Marc Ellington albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Rains / Reins of Changes ( B&C , 1971 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Alan Taylor albums - Sometimes ( United Artists , 1971 ) - On Harvey Andrews albums - Faces and Places ( Decca Nova , 1970 ) - Writer of Songs ( Cube , 1971 ) - On Mick Greenwood albums - Living Game ( MCA , 1971 ) - On John Martyn albums - Solid Air ( Island , 1973 ) - One World ( Island , 1977 ) - Little Sweet Mysteries : the Island Anthology ( Island , 1995 ) - On Chris Darrow albums - Chris Darrow ( United Artists , 1973 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- On Bryn Haworth albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Sunny Side of the Street ( Island , 1973 ) - Songs and Hymns ( Kingsway , 1999 ) - On Sandy Denny Albums - Like an Old Fashioned Waltz ( Island , 1973 ) - Rendezvous ( Island , 1977 ) - Who Knows Where The Time Goes ? ( Island , 1985 ) - A Boxful of Treasures ( Fledgling , 2004 ) - On Krysia Kocjan albums - Krysia ( RCA , 1974 ) - On Steve Ashley albums - Stroll On ( Gull , 1974 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Steve Ashleys Family Album ( Woodworm , 1983 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Mysterious Ways ( Lighthouse , 1990 ) - Test of Time ( Topic , 1998 ) - Stroll On Revisited ( Market Square , 1999 ) - Everyday Lives ( Topic , 2001 ) - Acoustic Folk Box ( Topic , 2002 ) - Speedy Return ( Market Square , 2003 ) - Live in Concert ( Dusk Fire , 2006 ) - Time and Tide ( Topic , 2007 ) - On Richard & Linda Thompson albums - Pour Down Like Silver ( Island , 1975 ) - Sunnyvista ( Chrysalis , 1979 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Shoot Out the Lights ( Hannibal , 1982 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Ralph McTell albums - Streets.. . ( Warner Brothers , 1973 ) - Right Side Up ( Warner Brothers , 1976 ) - Slide Away the Screen ( Warner Brothers , 1977 ) - Streets of London ( Warner Brothers , 1981 ) - From Claire to Here : the songs of Ralph McTell ( Red House , 1996 ) - Red Sky ( Leola , 2000 ) - On Dave Swarbrick albums - Swarbrick ( Transatlantic , 1976 ) - Swarbrick II ( Transatlantic , 1977 ) - The Ceilidh Album ( Sonet , 1978 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Lift the Lid and Listen ( Sonet , 1978 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Smiddyburn ( Logo , 1981 ) - Flittin ( Spendthrift , 1983 ) - The English Fiddler : Swarbrick plays Swarbrick ( Naxos World , 2002 ) - On Richard Thompson albums - ( guitar , vocal ) ( Island , 1976 ) - Hand of Kindness ( Hannibal , 1983 ) - Watching The Dark : The History of Richard Thompson ( Hannibal , 1993 ) - On Gay & Terry Woods albums - The Time is Right ( Polydor 1976 ) - Lake Songs from Red Waters-The Best of Gay & Terry Woods ( 2004 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- On Dan Ar Bras albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Douar Nevez ( Hexagone , 1977 ) - On Julie Covington albums - Julie Covington ( Fame , 1978 ) - On Craig Nuttyholme albums - Its Just a Lifetime ( A&M , 1978 ) - On Murray Head albums - Voices ( Mercury , 1980 ) - On Dick Gaughan albums - A Different Kind of Love Song ( Celtic , 1983 ) - Dick Gaughan Prentice Piece ( Green Trax , 2002 ) - On Simon Nicol albums - Before Your Time ( Woodworm , 1987 ) - With various artists",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Circle Dance—The Hokey Pokey Charity Compilation ( Hokey Pokey ConeD , 1990 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Footsteps to Fame , vol 2 ( Repertoire , 1991 ) - Best of British Folk Rock ( Park , 1997 ) - House on Fire vol 2 , an Urban Folk Collection ( Red House , 1997 ) - Blues Britannia ( Bridge , 2000 ) - Acoustic folk box ( Topic , 2002 ) - Acoustic vol 2 ( Topic , 2002 ) - Master Craftsmen ( Terra Nova , 2002 ) - Along the Pilgrim Way ( Pickwick , 2003 ) - Best of British Folk ( Prism Leisure , 2003 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- With The G.P.s",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Saturday Rolling Around live from Broughton Castle ( Woodworm , 1991 ) - On Beryl Marriott with Fairport Convention & Chris Leslie albums - Weave The Mirror ( Woodworm , 1991 ) - On Sally Barker albums - The Rhythm is Mine ( Hannibal , 1990 ) - Another Train ( Hypertension , 2000 ) - On Linda Thompson albums - Dreams Fly Away : A History of Linda Thompson ( Hannibal , 1996 ) - Fashionably Late ( Topic , 2002 ) - On Steve Tilston and Maggy Boyle albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- All Under the Sun ( Flying Fish , 1996 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Ashley Hutchings albums - The Guvnor vol 4 ( Castle , 1996 ) - On Phil Pickett albums - The Bones of All Men ( Hannibal , 1998 ) - With the Dylan Project - The Dylan Project ( Woodworm , 1998 ) - The Dylan Project...Live at Cropredy Festival ( Woodworm , 1999 ) - The Dylan Project 2 ( Matty Grooves 2005 ) - On Alan Simon albums - Excalibur : La Legende des Celtes ( Sbme , 1999 ) - Excalibur : Concert Mythique ( Epic , 2000 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- ( EMI , 2007 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Fallen Angel albums - Happy Ever After ( Tara , 1999 ) - On Jerry Donahue albums - Telecasting recast ( Pharaoh , 1999 ) - On David Hughes albums - This Other Eden ( The Folk Corporation , 1999 ) - Recognised ( The Folk Corporation , 2002 ) - On Bob Fox albums - Dreams Never Leave You ( Woodworm , 2000 ) - On Shirley Collins albums - Within Sound ( Fledgling , 2002 ) - On Chris Leslie albums - Dancing Days ( Talking Elephant , 2003 ) - On Amazing Blondel albums",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Going Where the Music Takes Me ( Shakedown , 2004 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - On Anna Ryder albums - Paper Girl ( RowdyMusic , 2004 ) - With PJ Wright - Galileos Apology ( Matty Grooves , 2007 ) - On Steve Tilston albums - Reaching Back : the Life & Music of Steve Tilston ( Free Reed , 2007 ) - On Ric Sanders albums - Still Waters ( Talking Elephant , 2008 ) - On Deborah Bonham albums - Duchess ( Warner , 2008 ) - On Tim Moon album - Invicta ( Inside Motion , due for release 2010 ) - On Red Shoes album",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": "- Ring Around The Land ( Cedarwood Records , 2009 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Dave Pegg Biography – Fairport Conventions official website - Biography at Jethro Tull official website - The Dylan Project",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Zhang_Chengdong#P54#0
|
Which team did Zhang Chengdong play for in Jul 2008?
|
Zhang Chengdong Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League . Club career . Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low . Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club . Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg . On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga . On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda . International career . Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates . External links . - Player stats at sohu.com
|
[
"Liaoning Whowins"
] |
[
{
"text": " Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League .",
"title": "Zhang Chengdong"
},
{
"text": "Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Player stats at sohu.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Zhang_Chengdong#P54#1
|
Which team did Zhang Chengdong play for in Mar 2009?
|
Zhang Chengdong Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League . Club career . Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low . Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club . Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg . On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga . On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda . International career . Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates . External links . - Player stats at sohu.com
|
[
"Mafra"
] |
[
{
"text": " Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League .",
"title": "Zhang Chengdong"
},
{
"text": "Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Player stats at sohu.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Zhang_Chengdong#P54#2
|
Which team did Zhang Chengdong play for in May 2010?
|
Zhang Chengdong Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League . Club career . Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low . Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club . Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg . On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga . On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda . International career . Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates . External links . - Player stats at sohu.com
|
[
"União Leiria",
"Mafra"
] |
[
{
"text": " Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League .",
"title": "Zhang Chengdong"
},
{
"text": "Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Player stats at sohu.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Zhang_Chengdong#P54#3
|
Which team did Zhang Chengdong play for between Dec 2011 and 2012?
|
Zhang Chengdong Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League . Club career . Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low . Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club . Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg . On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga . On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda . International career . Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates . External links . - Player stats at sohu.com
|
[
"Beira-Mar",
"Mafra"
] |
[
{
"text": " Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League .",
"title": "Zhang Chengdong"
},
{
"text": "Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Player stats at sohu.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Zhang_Chengdong#P54#4
|
Which team did Zhang Chengdong play for between Aug 2012 and Oct 2012?
|
Zhang Chengdong Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League . Club career . Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low . Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club . Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg . On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga . On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda . International career . Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates . External links . - Player stats at sohu.com
|
[
"Eintracht Braunschweig",
"Mafra"
] |
[
{
"text": " Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League .",
"title": "Zhang Chengdong"
},
{
"text": "Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Player stats at sohu.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Zhang_Chengdong#P54#5
|
Which team did Zhang Chengdong play for between Jul 2013 and Jul 2014?
|
Zhang Chengdong Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League . Club career . Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low . Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club . Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg . On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga . On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda . International career . Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates . External links . - Player stats at sohu.com
|
[
"Beijing Guoan"
] |
[
{
"text": " Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League .",
"title": "Zhang Chengdong"
},
{
"text": "Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Player stats at sohu.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Zhang_Chengdong#P54#6
|
Which team did Zhang Chengdong play for between Feb 2015 and Dec 2015?
|
Zhang Chengdong Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League . Club career . Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low . Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club . Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg . On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga . On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda . International career . Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates . External links . - Player stats at sohu.com
|
[
"Rayo Vallecano"
] |
[
{
"text": " Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League .",
"title": "Zhang Chengdong"
},
{
"text": "Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Player stats at sohu.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Zhang_Chengdong#P54#7
|
Which team did Zhang Chengdong play for between Jan 2016 and Jul 2016?
|
Zhang Chengdong Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League . Club career . Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low . Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club . Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg . On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga . On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda . International career . Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates . External links . - Player stats at sohu.com
|
[
"Beijing Guoan"
] |
[
{
"text": " Zhang Chengdong ( ; ; born 9 February 1989 ) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League .",
"title": "Zhang Chengdong"
},
{
"text": "Zhang Chengdong started his football career playing for Liaoning Whowins youth academy until Serie A side A.C . Milan considered him a promising enough prospect to train with them in 2004 . After his short period with the club , he returned to Liaoning and was promoted to the clubs first team , making his debut for the club on 21 May 2006 in a 5–0 loss against Shandong Luneng . When the club was relegated in the 2008 season , Zhangs contract was up for renewal ; and while he was considered as a long term star for the",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "club , he could not agree upon a suitable contract which he believed was too low .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Without a club , he returned home to train before going to Portugal to advertise his services until third tier side Mafra took him on a free transfer on 23 September 2009 . He was quickly integrated into the team ; however , it was only once he scored his first hat-trick on 21 January 2010 in a 4–3 loss against Sporting CP in the 2009-10 Taça de Portugal did he become noticed in the club .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "Zhang transferred to Primeira Liga side União Leiria in July 2010 . He made his debut for the club on 16 August 2010 in a 0–0 draw against Beira-Mar , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in the Primeira Liga . After his loan spell at the club , he was loaned out again , this time to Beira-Mar . Zhang impressed during his stint at Beira-Mar , scoring six goals in 26 appearances . After the 2011–12 season , Beira-Mar and several top tier sides were reportedly interested in signing Zhang on a permanent transfer . Many top",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "tier Chinese teams wished to sign him as well , but Zhang decided to ply his trade elsewhere . In August 2012 , Zhang transferred to 2 . Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig . He made his debut for the club on 15 September 2012 in a 1–0 win against SSV Jahn Regensburg .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "On 22 July 2013 , Zhang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan . He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2013 in a 4–0 win against Dalian Aerbin . He scored his first goal for the club on 17 May 2014 in a 2–1 loss to Shanghai Shenxin . On 21 July 2015 , Zhang transferred to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on loan for the 2015–16 season . He made his debut for the club on 5 December 2015 in a 2–0 win against Getafe in the 2015–16 Copa del Rey . He made",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": "his league debut on 30 December 2015 in a 2–0 loss against Atlético Madrid , becoming the first Chinese footballer to play in La Liga .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " On 13 January 2017 , Zhang moved to fellow top tier side Hebei China Fortune for a record-breaking domestic transfer fee . He made his debut for the club on 5 March 2017 in a 0–0 draw against Henan Jianye . He scored his first goal for the club on 29 April 2017 in a 4–0 win against Tianjin Teda .",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"text": " Zhang made his debut for the Chinese national team on 3 March 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Portugal ; however , the game was not recognised by FIFA . He made his official debut for China on 6 October 2011 in a 2–1 win against the United Arab Emirates .",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"text": " - Player stats at sohu.com",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Alejandro_Moreno#P54#0
|
Which team did the player Alejandro Moreno belong to in Sep 2003?
|
Alejandro Moreno Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career . Career . College . Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team . Professional . After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time . Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season . Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 . On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot . Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career . International . Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win . Media career . In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer . Honors . Columbus Crew - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009 Houston Dynamo - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2006 San Jose Earthquakes - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2005 Los Angeles Galaxy - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002 External links . - ESPN staff bio
|
[
"Los Angeles Galaxy"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career .",
"title": "Alejandro Moreno"
},
{
"text": " Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team .",
"title": "College"
},
{
"text": " After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win .",
"title": "International"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer .",
"title": "Media career"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009",
"title": "Columbus Crew"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002",
"title": "Los Angeles Galaxy"
},
{
"text": " - ESPN staff bio",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Alejandro_Moreno#P54#1
|
Which team did the player Alejandro Moreno belong to between Nov 2005 and Dec 2005?
|
Alejandro Moreno Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career . Career . College . Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team . Professional . After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time . Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season . Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 . On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot . Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career . International . Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win . Media career . In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer . Honors . Columbus Crew - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009 Houston Dynamo - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2006 San Jose Earthquakes - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2005 Los Angeles Galaxy - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002 External links . - ESPN staff bio
|
[
"Venezuela national team"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career .",
"title": "Alejandro Moreno"
},
{
"text": " Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team .",
"title": "College"
},
{
"text": " After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win .",
"title": "International"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer .",
"title": "Media career"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009",
"title": "Columbus Crew"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002",
"title": "Los Angeles Galaxy"
},
{
"text": " - ESPN staff bio",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Alejandro_Moreno#P54#2
|
Which team did the player Alejandro Moreno belong to between Jul 2006 and Oct 2006?
|
Alejandro Moreno Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career . Career . College . Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team . Professional . After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time . Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season . Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 . On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot . Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career . International . Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win . Media career . In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer . Honors . Columbus Crew - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009 Houston Dynamo - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2006 San Jose Earthquakes - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2005 Los Angeles Galaxy - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002 External links . - ESPN staff bio
|
[
"Houston Dynamo",
"Venezuela national team"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career .",
"title": "Alejandro Moreno"
},
{
"text": " Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team .",
"title": "College"
},
{
"text": " After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win .",
"title": "International"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer .",
"title": "Media career"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009",
"title": "Columbus Crew"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002",
"title": "Los Angeles Galaxy"
},
{
"text": " - ESPN staff bio",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Alejandro_Moreno#P54#3
|
Which team did the player Alejandro Moreno belong to in Jun 2007?
|
Alejandro Moreno Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career . Career . College . Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team . Professional . After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time . Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season . Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 . On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot . Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career . International . Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win . Media career . In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer . Honors . Columbus Crew - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009 Houston Dynamo - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2006 San Jose Earthquakes - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2005 Los Angeles Galaxy - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002 External links . - ESPN staff bio
|
[
"Columbus Crew",
"Venezuela national team"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career .",
"title": "Alejandro Moreno"
},
{
"text": " Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team .",
"title": "College"
},
{
"text": " After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win .",
"title": "International"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer .",
"title": "Media career"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009",
"title": "Columbus Crew"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002",
"title": "Los Angeles Galaxy"
},
{
"text": " - ESPN staff bio",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Alejandro_Moreno#P54#4
|
Which team did the player Alejandro Moreno belong to in Sep 2009?
|
Alejandro Moreno Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career . Career . College . Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team . Professional . After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time . Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season . Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 . On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot . Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career . International . Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win . Media career . In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer . Honors . Columbus Crew - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009 Houston Dynamo - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2006 San Jose Earthquakes - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2005 Los Angeles Galaxy - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002 External links . - ESPN staff bio
|
[
"Venezuela national team"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career .",
"title": "Alejandro Moreno"
},
{
"text": " Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team .",
"title": "College"
},
{
"text": " After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win .",
"title": "International"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer .",
"title": "Media career"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009",
"title": "Columbus Crew"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002",
"title": "Los Angeles Galaxy"
},
{
"text": " - ESPN staff bio",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Alejandro_Moreno#P54#5
|
Which team did the player Alejandro Moreno belong to between Apr 2011 and Dec 2011?
|
Alejandro Moreno Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career . Career . College . Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team . Professional . After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time . Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season . Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 . On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot . Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career . International . Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win . Media career . In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer . Honors . Columbus Crew - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009 Houston Dynamo - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2006 San Jose Earthquakes - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2005 Los Angeles Galaxy - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002 External links . - ESPN staff bio
|
[
"Chivas USA",
"Venezuela national team"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career .",
"title": "Alejandro Moreno"
},
{
"text": " Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team .",
"title": "College"
},
{
"text": " After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win .",
"title": "International"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer .",
"title": "Media career"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009",
"title": "Columbus Crew"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002",
"title": "Los Angeles Galaxy"
},
{
"text": " - ESPN staff bio",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Alejandro_Moreno#P54#6
|
Which team did the player Alejandro Moreno belong to in Dec 2012?
|
Alejandro Moreno Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career . Career . College . Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team . Professional . After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time . Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season . Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 . On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot . Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career . International . Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win . Media career . In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer . Honors . Columbus Crew - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009 Houston Dynamo - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2006 San Jose Earthquakes - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2005 Los Angeles Galaxy - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002 External links . - ESPN staff bio
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Alejandro Enrique Moreno Riera ( born July 8 , 1979 ) is a retired Venezuelan footballer who played as a forward , and who is currently a television commentator for ESPN FC , ESPN Deportes and ESPN Latin America . Moreno won three MLS Cups during his professional career .",
"title": "Alejandro Moreno"
},
{
"text": " Moreno spent a year in Texas at age 12 and spent succeeding summers there before earning a scholarship for four years of college soccer at UNC Greensboro . He finished his college career fourth on the teams all-time scoring lists , with 65 goals and 25 assists , having been named first team NSCAA All-South all four years with the team .",
"title": "College"
},
{
"text": " After completing his career at Greensboro , Moreno was drafted 27th overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the Los Angeles Galaxy . He played sparingly in his rookie season , but developed into an excellent sparkplug coming off the bench in his second season , when he registered six goals and two assists in 1,117 minutes of playing time .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "Although Moreno exhibited a good deal of promise in 2003 , he was not able to earn a consistent starting role with the Galaxy because of a logjam at the forward position , which included Guatemalan star Carlos Ruiz and former US international Jovan Kirovski , as well as recent acquisition Joseph Ngwenya . In 2004 , Moreno again registered six goals and two assists , this time in 1,297 minutes . He was traded to San Jose Earthquakes in the offseason in a four-player deal . In his lone season with the Quakes , Moreno scored eight goals with",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "four assists . Along with the rest of his Earthquakes teammates , he moved to Houston for the 2006 season .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno was traded to Columbus Crew on May 10 , 2007 , in exchange for Joseph Ngwenya . He scored the first goal in the 2008 MLS Cup for Columbus , who eventually won the game 3-1 against New York Red Bulls . Moreno was selected by Philadelphia Union in the 2009 MLS Expansion Draft on 25 November 2009 .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": "On November 24 , 2010 , Moreno was selected by Vancouver Whitecaps FC in the 2010 MLS Expansion Draft , but was immediately traded to Chivas USA , along with Alan Gordon , in exchange for allocation money and an international roster spot .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Moreno remained with Chivas USA through the 2012 season . After the conclusion of the 2012 season , Chivas USA declined the 2013 option on Morenos contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft . Moreno became a free agent after he went undrafted in both rounds of the draft . In February 2013 , he joined the Philadelphia Union as a television commentator , ending his playing career .",
"title": "Professional"
},
{
"text": " Morenos performances in MLS saw him receive call-ups for the Venezuela national team . He made his first appearance for the senior team on February 18 , 2004 , against Australia . Due to his high quality of form during the 2008 MLS season , Moreno was again called up to the Venezuelan team for some 2010 World Cup Qualifiers , scoring against Ecuador on October 15 , 2008 , in a 3-1 win .",
"title": "International"
},
{
"text": " In 2013 , ESPN FC hired Moreno as a color commentator and analyst . He frequently covers Liga MX and Mexico national football team games on ESPNs English-language networks . In 2014 , he served as color commentator for the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer .",
"title": "Media career"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 2 ) : 2008 , 2009",
"title": "Columbus Crew"
},
{
"text": " - Major League Soccer MLS Cup ( 1 ) : 2002 - Major League Soccer Supporters Shield ( 1 ) : 2002",
"title": "Los Angeles Galaxy"
},
{
"text": " - ESPN staff bio",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Peter_Sweeney#P54#0
|
Which team did Peter Sweeney play for between Jun 2002 and Feb 2003?
|
Peter Sweeney Peter Henry Sweeney ( born 25 September 1984 ) is a Scottish football manager , coach and former professional footballer . Sweeney played as a midfielder and began his career at Millwall where he progressed through their youth team and broke into the first team . He played in the 2004 FA Cup Final were Millwall lost 3–0 to Manchester United . He joined Stoke City in the summer of 2005 for a fee of £250,000 but his start at Stoke was hampered by injuries . He struggled to fully recover and after spending time out on loan at Yeovil Town and Walsall he joined Leeds United in January 2008 . After a brief spell at Elland Road Sweeney played for Grimsby Town , Bury , AFC Wimbledon , Dartford and Greenwich Borough . Career . Millwall . Sweeney was born in Glasgow and moved with his family to London when he was three-years-old . He started his career at Millwall , where he made his debut in 2002 , but he had to wait another year for his breakthrough . Sweeney played 34 times for Millwall in 2003–04 and he played a major role in the Lions route to the 2004 FA Cup Final , where he started against Manchester United at the Millennium Stadium , Millwall lost 3–0 . Following the cup final appearance , Millwall received a place in the UEFA Cup for the 2004–05 season , in which Sweeney played a part in the first round of the tournament , where they were defeated by Hungarian side Ferencvárosi . Stoke City . On 1 July 2005 Sweeney signed for Stoke City for a fee of £250,000 . His start at Stoke was hampered after he injured his back in a pre-season match against Newcastle Town , which ruled him out for the first three months of the 2005–06 . Once he recovered from his injury Sweeney went on to play 20 times scoring once on the final day of the season against Brighton & Hove Albion . He scored against Luton Town in a 2–2 draw early in the 2006–07 season but soon lost his place in the side and joined Yeovil Town on loan in January 2007 . He played eight times for the Golvers before returning to Stoke in April 2007 . On 22 November 2007 he signed a two-month loan deal at Walsall where he made seven appearances . Leeds United . Early in the January 2008 transfer window Stoke accepted an undisclosed bid for the midfielder from Leeds United , with whom he swiftly agreed personally terms , and it was announced that he would sign , subject to a medical the following week . He finalised the move on 10 January , joining the club on a two–and–a–half–year deal . Despite starting in the last few games of Dennis Wise reign as Leeds manager , including making his debut away to Crewe and providing the assist for Jermaine Beckfords winning header , Sweeney failed to establish himself under managers Gary McAllister and Simon Grayson . Grimsby Town . Sweeney made a loan move in March 2009 to Grimsby Town , signing with Grimsby until the end of the season , along with Bradford City forward Barry Conlon and fellow Leeds player Jonathan Lund . Sweeney went on to be part of a Grimsby side that would make a late surge in the league , and that would eventually stave off the threat of relegation from the Football League . Following the close of the 2008–2009 season and the end of his loan spell , he was released from his contract at Leeds , following a one and a half year spell at the Yorkshire club . On 3 July 2009 , after much speculation , Sweeney re–signed for The Mariners , on a two–year deal . He scored his first goal for the club against Rotherham United in a 2–1 defeat at home . Sweeney then managed to score a superb volley against his former club Leeds , in the third round of the Football League Trophy at Elland Road . A corner resulted in Leeds keeper Casper Ankergren punching the ball out too Sweeney , who smashed in a left foot volley from the edge of the area , that crashed in off the under side of the cross bar . However Grimsby went on to lose the game 3–1 . On 18 December , Sweeney scored another spectacular goal after hitting a dipping volley from the edge of the in a 1–1 home draw with Morecambe . Sweeney continued to hold down a position in the centre of midfield throughout the 09/10 season . On 12 May 2010 , Sweeney was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the football league . Bury . Sweeney joined Bury on 25 June 2010 signing a two–year deal . Despite failing to hold down a regular starting place for The Shakers during the 2010–11 season , Sweeney performed consistently when called upon by manager Alan Knill . Following Knills departure , Sweeney entered the fold under Richie Barker following suspensions and injuries to regular midfield duo Damien Mozika and Steven Schumacher eventually helping the club to earn promotion from League Two . Sweeney made 41 appearances in League One , scoring 4 goals during the 2011–12 season and made 21 appearances , scoring 1 goal , in all competitions during the 2012–13 season for Bury before being sold to AFC Wimbledon on 8 January 2013 . During his time at Bury , Sweeney made a total of 95 appearances , which is the most games he has ever played for one club . AFC Wimbledon . On 8 January 2013 Sweeney signed for League Two side AFC Wimbledon for a free transfer . After only seven appearances for The Dons , Sweeney suffered a broken foot in a game against Northampton Town on 19 February 2013 at The Cherry Red Records Stadium . The injury put him out of action for the remainder of the 2012–2013 season . He returned during AFC Wimbledons 2013–2014 pre–season campaign , scoring in a behind closed doors game against Gillingham on 2 July 2013 that ended 2–1 to The Gills . Sweeney came on as a substitute for Harry Pell in AFC Wimbledons next friendly game against Dartford on 6 July 2013 at Princes Park , the game ended 2–2 . Dartford . In August 2014 , he signed for Conference Premier side Dartford on a one-year contract . In May 2015 , Sweeney was released by the club following relegation to the National League South and the expiration of his contract . Later career . Following his release from Dartford Sweeney joined Greenwich Borough in June 2015 . Coaching career . In October 2017 , Sweeney moved to Glebe as to take on the role of assistant manager , working with Anwar Uddin . He was appointed manager in January 2019 , but resigned in September the same year . Controversies . In May 2019 , Sweeneys former Grimsby Town team mate Paul Linwood appeared on the I Had Trials Once podcast on Spotify , in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season . Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand . Speaking of Sweeney , Linwood said You’d finish training , Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say “lads , I’m just having a pint at the Laceby Arms” , and the whole squad would be in there . 15 pints , easy . It was the only pub we could get away with it . It was in a tiny little village , and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits ! Even I turned round one day and said “this has gone too far.” We’d had a Monday session – straight after training , we finished boozing about five that morning , and then we were in for training at nine the next day . Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up , and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point . Those two came to pick me up after a session , and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training , which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters ! Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122 year history . Honours . Millwall - FA Cup runner-up : 2003–04 Stoke City - Football League Championship runner–up : 2007–08 Bury - Football League Two runner–up : 2010–11 External links . - Scotland U21 profile at Fitbastats - Scotland B profile at Fitbastats
|
[
"Millwall"
] |
[
{
"text": " Peter Henry Sweeney ( born 25 September 1984 ) is a Scottish football manager , coach and former professional footballer .",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney played as a midfielder and began his career at Millwall where he progressed through their youth team and broke into the first team . He played in the 2004 FA Cup Final were Millwall lost 3–0 to Manchester United . He joined Stoke City in the summer of 2005 for a fee of £250,000 but his start at Stoke was hampered by injuries . He struggled to fully recover and after spending time out on loan at Yeovil Town and Walsall he joined Leeds United in January 2008 . After a brief spell at Elland Road Sweeney played for",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Grimsby Town , Bury , AFC Wimbledon , Dartford and Greenwich Borough .",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney was born in Glasgow and moved with his family to London when he was three-years-old . He started his career at Millwall , where he made his debut in 2002 , but he had to wait another year for his breakthrough . Sweeney played 34 times for Millwall in 2003–04 and he played a major role in the Lions route to the 2004 FA Cup Final , where he started against Manchester United at the Millennium Stadium , Millwall lost 3–0 . Following the cup final appearance , Millwall received a place in the UEFA Cup for the 2004–05",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": "season , in which Sweeney played a part in the first round of the tournament , where they were defeated by Hungarian side Ferencvárosi .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " On 1 July 2005 Sweeney signed for Stoke City for a fee of £250,000 . His start at Stoke was hampered after he injured his back in a pre-season match against Newcastle Town , which ruled him out for the first three months of the 2005–06 . Once he recovered from his injury Sweeney went on to play 20 times scoring once on the final day of the season against Brighton & Hove Albion .",
"title": "Stoke City"
},
{
"text": "He scored against Luton Town in a 2–2 draw early in the 2006–07 season but soon lost his place in the side and joined Yeovil Town on loan in January 2007 . He played eight times for the Golvers before returning to Stoke in April 2007 . On 22 November 2007 he signed a two-month loan deal at Walsall where he made seven appearances .",
"title": "Stoke City"
},
{
"text": "Early in the January 2008 transfer window Stoke accepted an undisclosed bid for the midfielder from Leeds United , with whom he swiftly agreed personally terms , and it was announced that he would sign , subject to a medical the following week . He finalised the move on 10 January , joining the club on a two–and–a–half–year deal . Despite starting in the last few games of Dennis Wise reign as Leeds manager , including making his debut away to Crewe and providing the assist for Jermaine Beckfords winning header , Sweeney failed to establish himself under managers Gary",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "McAllister and Simon Grayson .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney made a loan move in March 2009 to Grimsby Town , signing with Grimsby until the end of the season , along with Bradford City forward Barry Conlon and fellow Leeds player Jonathan Lund . Sweeney went on to be part of a Grimsby side that would make a late surge in the league , and that would eventually stave off the threat of relegation from the Football League . Following the close of the 2008–2009 season and the end of his loan spell , he was released from his contract at Leeds , following a one and a",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "half year spell at the Yorkshire club . On 3 July 2009 , after much speculation , Sweeney re–signed for The Mariners , on a two–year deal . He scored his first goal for the club against Rotherham United in a 2–1 defeat at home . Sweeney then managed to score a superb volley against his former club Leeds , in the third round of the Football League Trophy at Elland Road . A corner resulted in Leeds keeper Casper Ankergren punching the ball out too Sweeney , who smashed in a left foot volley from the edge of the",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "area , that crashed in off the under side of the cross bar . However Grimsby went on to lose the game 3–1 . On 18 December , Sweeney scored another spectacular goal after hitting a dipping volley from the edge of the in a 1–1 home draw with Morecambe . Sweeney continued to hold down a position in the centre of midfield throughout the 09/10 season . On 12 May 2010 , Sweeney was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the football league .",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney joined Bury on 25 June 2010 signing a two–year deal . Despite failing to hold down a regular starting place for The Shakers during the 2010–11 season , Sweeney performed consistently when called upon by manager Alan Knill . Following Knills departure , Sweeney entered the fold under Richie Barker following suspensions and injuries to regular midfield duo Damien Mozika and Steven Schumacher eventually helping the club to earn promotion from League Two . Sweeney made 41 appearances in League One , scoring 4 goals during the 2011–12 season and made 21 appearances , scoring 1 goal , in",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "all competitions during the 2012–13 season for Bury before being sold to AFC Wimbledon on 8 January 2013 . During his time at Bury , Sweeney made a total of 95 appearances , which is the most games he has ever played for one club .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "On 8 January 2013 Sweeney signed for League Two side AFC Wimbledon for a free transfer . After only seven appearances for The Dons , Sweeney suffered a broken foot in a game against Northampton Town on 19 February 2013 at The Cherry Red Records Stadium . The injury put him out of action for the remainder of the 2012–2013 season . He returned during AFC Wimbledons 2013–2014 pre–season campaign , scoring in a behind closed doors game against Gillingham on 2 July 2013 that ended 2–1 to The Gills . Sweeney came on as a substitute for Harry Pell",
"title": "AFC Wimbledon"
},
{
"text": "in AFC Wimbledons next friendly game against Dartford on 6 July 2013 at Princes Park , the game ended 2–2 .",
"title": "AFC Wimbledon"
},
{
"text": " In August 2014 , he signed for Conference Premier side Dartford on a one-year contract . In May 2015 , Sweeney was released by the club following relegation to the National League South and the expiration of his contract .",
"title": "Dartford"
},
{
"text": " In October 2017 , Sweeney moved to Glebe as to take on the role of assistant manager , working with Anwar Uddin . He was appointed manager in January 2019 , but resigned in September the same year .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " In May 2019 , Sweeneys former Grimsby Town team mate Paul Linwood appeared on the I Had Trials Once podcast on Spotify , in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season . Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "Speaking of Sweeney , Linwood said You’d finish training , Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say “lads , I’m just having a pint at the Laceby Arms” , and the whole squad would be in there . 15 pints , easy . It was the only pub we could get away with it . It was in a tiny little village , and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits ! Even I turned round one day and said “this has gone too far.” We’d had a Monday session – straight after training",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": ", we finished boozing about five that morning , and then we were in for training at nine the next day . Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up , and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point . Those two came to pick me up after a session , and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training , which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters !",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122 year history .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " - Scotland U21 profile at Fitbastats - Scotland B profile at Fitbastats",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Peter_Sweeney#P54#1
|
Which team did Peter Sweeney play for between May 2007 and Jun 2007?
|
Peter Sweeney Peter Henry Sweeney ( born 25 September 1984 ) is a Scottish football manager , coach and former professional footballer . Sweeney played as a midfielder and began his career at Millwall where he progressed through their youth team and broke into the first team . He played in the 2004 FA Cup Final were Millwall lost 3–0 to Manchester United . He joined Stoke City in the summer of 2005 for a fee of £250,000 but his start at Stoke was hampered by injuries . He struggled to fully recover and after spending time out on loan at Yeovil Town and Walsall he joined Leeds United in January 2008 . After a brief spell at Elland Road Sweeney played for Grimsby Town , Bury , AFC Wimbledon , Dartford and Greenwich Borough . Career . Millwall . Sweeney was born in Glasgow and moved with his family to London when he was three-years-old . He started his career at Millwall , where he made his debut in 2002 , but he had to wait another year for his breakthrough . Sweeney played 34 times for Millwall in 2003–04 and he played a major role in the Lions route to the 2004 FA Cup Final , where he started against Manchester United at the Millennium Stadium , Millwall lost 3–0 . Following the cup final appearance , Millwall received a place in the UEFA Cup for the 2004–05 season , in which Sweeney played a part in the first round of the tournament , where they were defeated by Hungarian side Ferencvárosi . Stoke City . On 1 July 2005 Sweeney signed for Stoke City for a fee of £250,000 . His start at Stoke was hampered after he injured his back in a pre-season match against Newcastle Town , which ruled him out for the first three months of the 2005–06 . Once he recovered from his injury Sweeney went on to play 20 times scoring once on the final day of the season against Brighton & Hove Albion . He scored against Luton Town in a 2–2 draw early in the 2006–07 season but soon lost his place in the side and joined Yeovil Town on loan in January 2007 . He played eight times for the Golvers before returning to Stoke in April 2007 . On 22 November 2007 he signed a two-month loan deal at Walsall where he made seven appearances . Leeds United . Early in the January 2008 transfer window Stoke accepted an undisclosed bid for the midfielder from Leeds United , with whom he swiftly agreed personally terms , and it was announced that he would sign , subject to a medical the following week . He finalised the move on 10 January , joining the club on a two–and–a–half–year deal . Despite starting in the last few games of Dennis Wise reign as Leeds manager , including making his debut away to Crewe and providing the assist for Jermaine Beckfords winning header , Sweeney failed to establish himself under managers Gary McAllister and Simon Grayson . Grimsby Town . Sweeney made a loan move in March 2009 to Grimsby Town , signing with Grimsby until the end of the season , along with Bradford City forward Barry Conlon and fellow Leeds player Jonathan Lund . Sweeney went on to be part of a Grimsby side that would make a late surge in the league , and that would eventually stave off the threat of relegation from the Football League . Following the close of the 2008–2009 season and the end of his loan spell , he was released from his contract at Leeds , following a one and a half year spell at the Yorkshire club . On 3 July 2009 , after much speculation , Sweeney re–signed for The Mariners , on a two–year deal . He scored his first goal for the club against Rotherham United in a 2–1 defeat at home . Sweeney then managed to score a superb volley against his former club Leeds , in the third round of the Football League Trophy at Elland Road . A corner resulted in Leeds keeper Casper Ankergren punching the ball out too Sweeney , who smashed in a left foot volley from the edge of the area , that crashed in off the under side of the cross bar . However Grimsby went on to lose the game 3–1 . On 18 December , Sweeney scored another spectacular goal after hitting a dipping volley from the edge of the in a 1–1 home draw with Morecambe . Sweeney continued to hold down a position in the centre of midfield throughout the 09/10 season . On 12 May 2010 , Sweeney was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the football league . Bury . Sweeney joined Bury on 25 June 2010 signing a two–year deal . Despite failing to hold down a regular starting place for The Shakers during the 2010–11 season , Sweeney performed consistently when called upon by manager Alan Knill . Following Knills departure , Sweeney entered the fold under Richie Barker following suspensions and injuries to regular midfield duo Damien Mozika and Steven Schumacher eventually helping the club to earn promotion from League Two . Sweeney made 41 appearances in League One , scoring 4 goals during the 2011–12 season and made 21 appearances , scoring 1 goal , in all competitions during the 2012–13 season for Bury before being sold to AFC Wimbledon on 8 January 2013 . During his time at Bury , Sweeney made a total of 95 appearances , which is the most games he has ever played for one club . AFC Wimbledon . On 8 January 2013 Sweeney signed for League Two side AFC Wimbledon for a free transfer . After only seven appearances for The Dons , Sweeney suffered a broken foot in a game against Northampton Town on 19 February 2013 at The Cherry Red Records Stadium . The injury put him out of action for the remainder of the 2012–2013 season . He returned during AFC Wimbledons 2013–2014 pre–season campaign , scoring in a behind closed doors game against Gillingham on 2 July 2013 that ended 2–1 to The Gills . Sweeney came on as a substitute for Harry Pell in AFC Wimbledons next friendly game against Dartford on 6 July 2013 at Princes Park , the game ended 2–2 . Dartford . In August 2014 , he signed for Conference Premier side Dartford on a one-year contract . In May 2015 , Sweeney was released by the club following relegation to the National League South and the expiration of his contract . Later career . Following his release from Dartford Sweeney joined Greenwich Borough in June 2015 . Coaching career . In October 2017 , Sweeney moved to Glebe as to take on the role of assistant manager , working with Anwar Uddin . He was appointed manager in January 2019 , but resigned in September the same year . Controversies . In May 2019 , Sweeneys former Grimsby Town team mate Paul Linwood appeared on the I Had Trials Once podcast on Spotify , in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season . Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand . Speaking of Sweeney , Linwood said You’d finish training , Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say “lads , I’m just having a pint at the Laceby Arms” , and the whole squad would be in there . 15 pints , easy . It was the only pub we could get away with it . It was in a tiny little village , and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits ! Even I turned round one day and said “this has gone too far.” We’d had a Monday session – straight after training , we finished boozing about five that morning , and then we were in for training at nine the next day . Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up , and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point . Those two came to pick me up after a session , and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training , which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters ! Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122 year history . Honours . Millwall - FA Cup runner-up : 2003–04 Stoke City - Football League Championship runner–up : 2007–08 Bury - Football League Two runner–up : 2010–11 External links . - Scotland U21 profile at Fitbastats - Scotland B profile at Fitbastats
|
[
"Stoke City",
"Yeovil Town"
] |
[
{
"text": " Peter Henry Sweeney ( born 25 September 1984 ) is a Scottish football manager , coach and former professional footballer .",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney played as a midfielder and began his career at Millwall where he progressed through their youth team and broke into the first team . He played in the 2004 FA Cup Final were Millwall lost 3–0 to Manchester United . He joined Stoke City in the summer of 2005 for a fee of £250,000 but his start at Stoke was hampered by injuries . He struggled to fully recover and after spending time out on loan at Yeovil Town and Walsall he joined Leeds United in January 2008 . After a brief spell at Elland Road Sweeney played for",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Grimsby Town , Bury , AFC Wimbledon , Dartford and Greenwich Borough .",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney was born in Glasgow and moved with his family to London when he was three-years-old . He started his career at Millwall , where he made his debut in 2002 , but he had to wait another year for his breakthrough . Sweeney played 34 times for Millwall in 2003–04 and he played a major role in the Lions route to the 2004 FA Cup Final , where he started against Manchester United at the Millennium Stadium , Millwall lost 3–0 . Following the cup final appearance , Millwall received a place in the UEFA Cup for the 2004–05",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": "season , in which Sweeney played a part in the first round of the tournament , where they were defeated by Hungarian side Ferencvárosi .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " On 1 July 2005 Sweeney signed for Stoke City for a fee of £250,000 . His start at Stoke was hampered after he injured his back in a pre-season match against Newcastle Town , which ruled him out for the first three months of the 2005–06 . Once he recovered from his injury Sweeney went on to play 20 times scoring once on the final day of the season against Brighton & Hove Albion .",
"title": "Stoke City"
},
{
"text": "He scored against Luton Town in a 2–2 draw early in the 2006–07 season but soon lost his place in the side and joined Yeovil Town on loan in January 2007 . He played eight times for the Golvers before returning to Stoke in April 2007 . On 22 November 2007 he signed a two-month loan deal at Walsall where he made seven appearances .",
"title": "Stoke City"
},
{
"text": "Early in the January 2008 transfer window Stoke accepted an undisclosed bid for the midfielder from Leeds United , with whom he swiftly agreed personally terms , and it was announced that he would sign , subject to a medical the following week . He finalised the move on 10 January , joining the club on a two–and–a–half–year deal . Despite starting in the last few games of Dennis Wise reign as Leeds manager , including making his debut away to Crewe and providing the assist for Jermaine Beckfords winning header , Sweeney failed to establish himself under managers Gary",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "McAllister and Simon Grayson .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney made a loan move in March 2009 to Grimsby Town , signing with Grimsby until the end of the season , along with Bradford City forward Barry Conlon and fellow Leeds player Jonathan Lund . Sweeney went on to be part of a Grimsby side that would make a late surge in the league , and that would eventually stave off the threat of relegation from the Football League . Following the close of the 2008–2009 season and the end of his loan spell , he was released from his contract at Leeds , following a one and a",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "half year spell at the Yorkshire club . On 3 July 2009 , after much speculation , Sweeney re–signed for The Mariners , on a two–year deal . He scored his first goal for the club against Rotherham United in a 2–1 defeat at home . Sweeney then managed to score a superb volley against his former club Leeds , in the third round of the Football League Trophy at Elland Road . A corner resulted in Leeds keeper Casper Ankergren punching the ball out too Sweeney , who smashed in a left foot volley from the edge of the",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "area , that crashed in off the under side of the cross bar . However Grimsby went on to lose the game 3–1 . On 18 December , Sweeney scored another spectacular goal after hitting a dipping volley from the edge of the in a 1–1 home draw with Morecambe . Sweeney continued to hold down a position in the centre of midfield throughout the 09/10 season . On 12 May 2010 , Sweeney was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the football league .",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney joined Bury on 25 June 2010 signing a two–year deal . Despite failing to hold down a regular starting place for The Shakers during the 2010–11 season , Sweeney performed consistently when called upon by manager Alan Knill . Following Knills departure , Sweeney entered the fold under Richie Barker following suspensions and injuries to regular midfield duo Damien Mozika and Steven Schumacher eventually helping the club to earn promotion from League Two . Sweeney made 41 appearances in League One , scoring 4 goals during the 2011–12 season and made 21 appearances , scoring 1 goal , in",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "all competitions during the 2012–13 season for Bury before being sold to AFC Wimbledon on 8 January 2013 . During his time at Bury , Sweeney made a total of 95 appearances , which is the most games he has ever played for one club .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "On 8 January 2013 Sweeney signed for League Two side AFC Wimbledon for a free transfer . After only seven appearances for The Dons , Sweeney suffered a broken foot in a game against Northampton Town on 19 February 2013 at The Cherry Red Records Stadium . The injury put him out of action for the remainder of the 2012–2013 season . He returned during AFC Wimbledons 2013–2014 pre–season campaign , scoring in a behind closed doors game against Gillingham on 2 July 2013 that ended 2–1 to The Gills . Sweeney came on as a substitute for Harry Pell",
"title": "AFC Wimbledon"
},
{
"text": "in AFC Wimbledons next friendly game against Dartford on 6 July 2013 at Princes Park , the game ended 2–2 .",
"title": "AFC Wimbledon"
},
{
"text": " In August 2014 , he signed for Conference Premier side Dartford on a one-year contract . In May 2015 , Sweeney was released by the club following relegation to the National League South and the expiration of his contract .",
"title": "Dartford"
},
{
"text": " In October 2017 , Sweeney moved to Glebe as to take on the role of assistant manager , working with Anwar Uddin . He was appointed manager in January 2019 , but resigned in September the same year .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " In May 2019 , Sweeneys former Grimsby Town team mate Paul Linwood appeared on the I Had Trials Once podcast on Spotify , in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season . Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "Speaking of Sweeney , Linwood said You’d finish training , Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say “lads , I’m just having a pint at the Laceby Arms” , and the whole squad would be in there . 15 pints , easy . It was the only pub we could get away with it . It was in a tiny little village , and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits ! Even I turned round one day and said “this has gone too far.” We’d had a Monday session – straight after training",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": ", we finished boozing about five that morning , and then we were in for training at nine the next day . Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up , and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point . Those two came to pick me up after a session , and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training , which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters !",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122 year history .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " - Scotland U21 profile at Fitbastats - Scotland B profile at Fitbastats",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Peter_Sweeney#P54#2
|
Which team did Peter Sweeney play for between May 2008 and Aug 2008?
|
Peter Sweeney Peter Henry Sweeney ( born 25 September 1984 ) is a Scottish football manager , coach and former professional footballer . Sweeney played as a midfielder and began his career at Millwall where he progressed through their youth team and broke into the first team . He played in the 2004 FA Cup Final were Millwall lost 3–0 to Manchester United . He joined Stoke City in the summer of 2005 for a fee of £250,000 but his start at Stoke was hampered by injuries . He struggled to fully recover and after spending time out on loan at Yeovil Town and Walsall he joined Leeds United in January 2008 . After a brief spell at Elland Road Sweeney played for Grimsby Town , Bury , AFC Wimbledon , Dartford and Greenwich Borough . Career . Millwall . Sweeney was born in Glasgow and moved with his family to London when he was three-years-old . He started his career at Millwall , where he made his debut in 2002 , but he had to wait another year for his breakthrough . Sweeney played 34 times for Millwall in 2003–04 and he played a major role in the Lions route to the 2004 FA Cup Final , where he started against Manchester United at the Millennium Stadium , Millwall lost 3–0 . Following the cup final appearance , Millwall received a place in the UEFA Cup for the 2004–05 season , in which Sweeney played a part in the first round of the tournament , where they were defeated by Hungarian side Ferencvárosi . Stoke City . On 1 July 2005 Sweeney signed for Stoke City for a fee of £250,000 . His start at Stoke was hampered after he injured his back in a pre-season match against Newcastle Town , which ruled him out for the first three months of the 2005–06 . Once he recovered from his injury Sweeney went on to play 20 times scoring once on the final day of the season against Brighton & Hove Albion . He scored against Luton Town in a 2–2 draw early in the 2006–07 season but soon lost his place in the side and joined Yeovil Town on loan in January 2007 . He played eight times for the Golvers before returning to Stoke in April 2007 . On 22 November 2007 he signed a two-month loan deal at Walsall where he made seven appearances . Leeds United . Early in the January 2008 transfer window Stoke accepted an undisclosed bid for the midfielder from Leeds United , with whom he swiftly agreed personally terms , and it was announced that he would sign , subject to a medical the following week . He finalised the move on 10 January , joining the club on a two–and–a–half–year deal . Despite starting in the last few games of Dennis Wise reign as Leeds manager , including making his debut away to Crewe and providing the assist for Jermaine Beckfords winning header , Sweeney failed to establish himself under managers Gary McAllister and Simon Grayson . Grimsby Town . Sweeney made a loan move in March 2009 to Grimsby Town , signing with Grimsby until the end of the season , along with Bradford City forward Barry Conlon and fellow Leeds player Jonathan Lund . Sweeney went on to be part of a Grimsby side that would make a late surge in the league , and that would eventually stave off the threat of relegation from the Football League . Following the close of the 2008–2009 season and the end of his loan spell , he was released from his contract at Leeds , following a one and a half year spell at the Yorkshire club . On 3 July 2009 , after much speculation , Sweeney re–signed for The Mariners , on a two–year deal . He scored his first goal for the club against Rotherham United in a 2–1 defeat at home . Sweeney then managed to score a superb volley against his former club Leeds , in the third round of the Football League Trophy at Elland Road . A corner resulted in Leeds keeper Casper Ankergren punching the ball out too Sweeney , who smashed in a left foot volley from the edge of the area , that crashed in off the under side of the cross bar . However Grimsby went on to lose the game 3–1 . On 18 December , Sweeney scored another spectacular goal after hitting a dipping volley from the edge of the in a 1–1 home draw with Morecambe . Sweeney continued to hold down a position in the centre of midfield throughout the 09/10 season . On 12 May 2010 , Sweeney was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the football league . Bury . Sweeney joined Bury on 25 June 2010 signing a two–year deal . Despite failing to hold down a regular starting place for The Shakers during the 2010–11 season , Sweeney performed consistently when called upon by manager Alan Knill . Following Knills departure , Sweeney entered the fold under Richie Barker following suspensions and injuries to regular midfield duo Damien Mozika and Steven Schumacher eventually helping the club to earn promotion from League Two . Sweeney made 41 appearances in League One , scoring 4 goals during the 2011–12 season and made 21 appearances , scoring 1 goal , in all competitions during the 2012–13 season for Bury before being sold to AFC Wimbledon on 8 January 2013 . During his time at Bury , Sweeney made a total of 95 appearances , which is the most games he has ever played for one club . AFC Wimbledon . On 8 January 2013 Sweeney signed for League Two side AFC Wimbledon for a free transfer . After only seven appearances for The Dons , Sweeney suffered a broken foot in a game against Northampton Town on 19 February 2013 at The Cherry Red Records Stadium . The injury put him out of action for the remainder of the 2012–2013 season . He returned during AFC Wimbledons 2013–2014 pre–season campaign , scoring in a behind closed doors game against Gillingham on 2 July 2013 that ended 2–1 to The Gills . Sweeney came on as a substitute for Harry Pell in AFC Wimbledons next friendly game against Dartford on 6 July 2013 at Princes Park , the game ended 2–2 . Dartford . In August 2014 , he signed for Conference Premier side Dartford on a one-year contract . In May 2015 , Sweeney was released by the club following relegation to the National League South and the expiration of his contract . Later career . Following his release from Dartford Sweeney joined Greenwich Borough in June 2015 . Coaching career . In October 2017 , Sweeney moved to Glebe as to take on the role of assistant manager , working with Anwar Uddin . He was appointed manager in January 2019 , but resigned in September the same year . Controversies . In May 2019 , Sweeneys former Grimsby Town team mate Paul Linwood appeared on the I Had Trials Once podcast on Spotify , in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season . Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand . Speaking of Sweeney , Linwood said You’d finish training , Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say “lads , I’m just having a pint at the Laceby Arms” , and the whole squad would be in there . 15 pints , easy . It was the only pub we could get away with it . It was in a tiny little village , and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits ! Even I turned round one day and said “this has gone too far.” We’d had a Monday session – straight after training , we finished boozing about five that morning , and then we were in for training at nine the next day . Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up , and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point . Those two came to pick me up after a session , and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training , which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters ! Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122 year history . Honours . Millwall - FA Cup runner-up : 2003–04 Stoke City - Football League Championship runner–up : 2007–08 Bury - Football League Two runner–up : 2010–11 External links . - Scotland U21 profile at Fitbastats - Scotland B profile at Fitbastats
|
[
"Leeds United"
] |
[
{
"text": " Peter Henry Sweeney ( born 25 September 1984 ) is a Scottish football manager , coach and former professional footballer .",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney played as a midfielder and began his career at Millwall where he progressed through their youth team and broke into the first team . He played in the 2004 FA Cup Final were Millwall lost 3–0 to Manchester United . He joined Stoke City in the summer of 2005 for a fee of £250,000 but his start at Stoke was hampered by injuries . He struggled to fully recover and after spending time out on loan at Yeovil Town and Walsall he joined Leeds United in January 2008 . After a brief spell at Elland Road Sweeney played for",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Grimsby Town , Bury , AFC Wimbledon , Dartford and Greenwich Borough .",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney was born in Glasgow and moved with his family to London when he was three-years-old . He started his career at Millwall , where he made his debut in 2002 , but he had to wait another year for his breakthrough . Sweeney played 34 times for Millwall in 2003–04 and he played a major role in the Lions route to the 2004 FA Cup Final , where he started against Manchester United at the Millennium Stadium , Millwall lost 3–0 . Following the cup final appearance , Millwall received a place in the UEFA Cup for the 2004–05",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": "season , in which Sweeney played a part in the first round of the tournament , where they were defeated by Hungarian side Ferencvárosi .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " On 1 July 2005 Sweeney signed for Stoke City for a fee of £250,000 . His start at Stoke was hampered after he injured his back in a pre-season match against Newcastle Town , which ruled him out for the first three months of the 2005–06 . Once he recovered from his injury Sweeney went on to play 20 times scoring once on the final day of the season against Brighton & Hove Albion .",
"title": "Stoke City"
},
{
"text": "He scored against Luton Town in a 2–2 draw early in the 2006–07 season but soon lost his place in the side and joined Yeovil Town on loan in January 2007 . He played eight times for the Golvers before returning to Stoke in April 2007 . On 22 November 2007 he signed a two-month loan deal at Walsall where he made seven appearances .",
"title": "Stoke City"
},
{
"text": "Early in the January 2008 transfer window Stoke accepted an undisclosed bid for the midfielder from Leeds United , with whom he swiftly agreed personally terms , and it was announced that he would sign , subject to a medical the following week . He finalised the move on 10 January , joining the club on a two–and–a–half–year deal . Despite starting in the last few games of Dennis Wise reign as Leeds manager , including making his debut away to Crewe and providing the assist for Jermaine Beckfords winning header , Sweeney failed to establish himself under managers Gary",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "McAllister and Simon Grayson .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney made a loan move in March 2009 to Grimsby Town , signing with Grimsby until the end of the season , along with Bradford City forward Barry Conlon and fellow Leeds player Jonathan Lund . Sweeney went on to be part of a Grimsby side that would make a late surge in the league , and that would eventually stave off the threat of relegation from the Football League . Following the close of the 2008–2009 season and the end of his loan spell , he was released from his contract at Leeds , following a one and a",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "half year spell at the Yorkshire club . On 3 July 2009 , after much speculation , Sweeney re–signed for The Mariners , on a two–year deal . He scored his first goal for the club against Rotherham United in a 2–1 defeat at home . Sweeney then managed to score a superb volley against his former club Leeds , in the third round of the Football League Trophy at Elland Road . A corner resulted in Leeds keeper Casper Ankergren punching the ball out too Sweeney , who smashed in a left foot volley from the edge of the",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "area , that crashed in off the under side of the cross bar . However Grimsby went on to lose the game 3–1 . On 18 December , Sweeney scored another spectacular goal after hitting a dipping volley from the edge of the in a 1–1 home draw with Morecambe . Sweeney continued to hold down a position in the centre of midfield throughout the 09/10 season . On 12 May 2010 , Sweeney was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the football league .",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney joined Bury on 25 June 2010 signing a two–year deal . Despite failing to hold down a regular starting place for The Shakers during the 2010–11 season , Sweeney performed consistently when called upon by manager Alan Knill . Following Knills departure , Sweeney entered the fold under Richie Barker following suspensions and injuries to regular midfield duo Damien Mozika and Steven Schumacher eventually helping the club to earn promotion from League Two . Sweeney made 41 appearances in League One , scoring 4 goals during the 2011–12 season and made 21 appearances , scoring 1 goal , in",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "all competitions during the 2012–13 season for Bury before being sold to AFC Wimbledon on 8 January 2013 . During his time at Bury , Sweeney made a total of 95 appearances , which is the most games he has ever played for one club .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "On 8 January 2013 Sweeney signed for League Two side AFC Wimbledon for a free transfer . After only seven appearances for The Dons , Sweeney suffered a broken foot in a game against Northampton Town on 19 February 2013 at The Cherry Red Records Stadium . The injury put him out of action for the remainder of the 2012–2013 season . He returned during AFC Wimbledons 2013–2014 pre–season campaign , scoring in a behind closed doors game against Gillingham on 2 July 2013 that ended 2–1 to The Gills . Sweeney came on as a substitute for Harry Pell",
"title": "AFC Wimbledon"
},
{
"text": "in AFC Wimbledons next friendly game against Dartford on 6 July 2013 at Princes Park , the game ended 2–2 .",
"title": "AFC Wimbledon"
},
{
"text": " In August 2014 , he signed for Conference Premier side Dartford on a one-year contract . In May 2015 , Sweeney was released by the club following relegation to the National League South and the expiration of his contract .",
"title": "Dartford"
},
{
"text": " In October 2017 , Sweeney moved to Glebe as to take on the role of assistant manager , working with Anwar Uddin . He was appointed manager in January 2019 , but resigned in September the same year .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " In May 2019 , Sweeneys former Grimsby Town team mate Paul Linwood appeared on the I Had Trials Once podcast on Spotify , in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season . Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "Speaking of Sweeney , Linwood said You’d finish training , Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say “lads , I’m just having a pint at the Laceby Arms” , and the whole squad would be in there . 15 pints , easy . It was the only pub we could get away with it . It was in a tiny little village , and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits ! Even I turned round one day and said “this has gone too far.” We’d had a Monday session – straight after training",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": ", we finished boozing about five that morning , and then we were in for training at nine the next day . Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up , and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point . Those two came to pick me up after a session , and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training , which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters !",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122 year history .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " - Scotland U21 profile at Fitbastats - Scotland B profile at Fitbastats",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Peter_Sweeney#P54#3
|
Which team did Peter Sweeney play for between Jun 2009 and Nov 2009?
|
Peter Sweeney Peter Henry Sweeney ( born 25 September 1984 ) is a Scottish football manager , coach and former professional footballer . Sweeney played as a midfielder and began his career at Millwall where he progressed through their youth team and broke into the first team . He played in the 2004 FA Cup Final were Millwall lost 3–0 to Manchester United . He joined Stoke City in the summer of 2005 for a fee of £250,000 but his start at Stoke was hampered by injuries . He struggled to fully recover and after spending time out on loan at Yeovil Town and Walsall he joined Leeds United in January 2008 . After a brief spell at Elland Road Sweeney played for Grimsby Town , Bury , AFC Wimbledon , Dartford and Greenwich Borough . Career . Millwall . Sweeney was born in Glasgow and moved with his family to London when he was three-years-old . He started his career at Millwall , where he made his debut in 2002 , but he had to wait another year for his breakthrough . Sweeney played 34 times for Millwall in 2003–04 and he played a major role in the Lions route to the 2004 FA Cup Final , where he started against Manchester United at the Millennium Stadium , Millwall lost 3–0 . Following the cup final appearance , Millwall received a place in the UEFA Cup for the 2004–05 season , in which Sweeney played a part in the first round of the tournament , where they were defeated by Hungarian side Ferencvárosi . Stoke City . On 1 July 2005 Sweeney signed for Stoke City for a fee of £250,000 . His start at Stoke was hampered after he injured his back in a pre-season match against Newcastle Town , which ruled him out for the first three months of the 2005–06 . Once he recovered from his injury Sweeney went on to play 20 times scoring once on the final day of the season against Brighton & Hove Albion . He scored against Luton Town in a 2–2 draw early in the 2006–07 season but soon lost his place in the side and joined Yeovil Town on loan in January 2007 . He played eight times for the Golvers before returning to Stoke in April 2007 . On 22 November 2007 he signed a two-month loan deal at Walsall where he made seven appearances . Leeds United . Early in the January 2008 transfer window Stoke accepted an undisclosed bid for the midfielder from Leeds United , with whom he swiftly agreed personally terms , and it was announced that he would sign , subject to a medical the following week . He finalised the move on 10 January , joining the club on a two–and–a–half–year deal . Despite starting in the last few games of Dennis Wise reign as Leeds manager , including making his debut away to Crewe and providing the assist for Jermaine Beckfords winning header , Sweeney failed to establish himself under managers Gary McAllister and Simon Grayson . Grimsby Town . Sweeney made a loan move in March 2009 to Grimsby Town , signing with Grimsby until the end of the season , along with Bradford City forward Barry Conlon and fellow Leeds player Jonathan Lund . Sweeney went on to be part of a Grimsby side that would make a late surge in the league , and that would eventually stave off the threat of relegation from the Football League . Following the close of the 2008–2009 season and the end of his loan spell , he was released from his contract at Leeds , following a one and a half year spell at the Yorkshire club . On 3 July 2009 , after much speculation , Sweeney re–signed for The Mariners , on a two–year deal . He scored his first goal for the club against Rotherham United in a 2–1 defeat at home . Sweeney then managed to score a superb volley against his former club Leeds , in the third round of the Football League Trophy at Elland Road . A corner resulted in Leeds keeper Casper Ankergren punching the ball out too Sweeney , who smashed in a left foot volley from the edge of the area , that crashed in off the under side of the cross bar . However Grimsby went on to lose the game 3–1 . On 18 December , Sweeney scored another spectacular goal after hitting a dipping volley from the edge of the in a 1–1 home draw with Morecambe . Sweeney continued to hold down a position in the centre of midfield throughout the 09/10 season . On 12 May 2010 , Sweeney was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the football league . Bury . Sweeney joined Bury on 25 June 2010 signing a two–year deal . Despite failing to hold down a regular starting place for The Shakers during the 2010–11 season , Sweeney performed consistently when called upon by manager Alan Knill . Following Knills departure , Sweeney entered the fold under Richie Barker following suspensions and injuries to regular midfield duo Damien Mozika and Steven Schumacher eventually helping the club to earn promotion from League Two . Sweeney made 41 appearances in League One , scoring 4 goals during the 2011–12 season and made 21 appearances , scoring 1 goal , in all competitions during the 2012–13 season for Bury before being sold to AFC Wimbledon on 8 January 2013 . During his time at Bury , Sweeney made a total of 95 appearances , which is the most games he has ever played for one club . AFC Wimbledon . On 8 January 2013 Sweeney signed for League Two side AFC Wimbledon for a free transfer . After only seven appearances for The Dons , Sweeney suffered a broken foot in a game against Northampton Town on 19 February 2013 at The Cherry Red Records Stadium . The injury put him out of action for the remainder of the 2012–2013 season . He returned during AFC Wimbledons 2013–2014 pre–season campaign , scoring in a behind closed doors game against Gillingham on 2 July 2013 that ended 2–1 to The Gills . Sweeney came on as a substitute for Harry Pell in AFC Wimbledons next friendly game against Dartford on 6 July 2013 at Princes Park , the game ended 2–2 . Dartford . In August 2014 , he signed for Conference Premier side Dartford on a one-year contract . In May 2015 , Sweeney was released by the club following relegation to the National League South and the expiration of his contract . Later career . Following his release from Dartford Sweeney joined Greenwich Borough in June 2015 . Coaching career . In October 2017 , Sweeney moved to Glebe as to take on the role of assistant manager , working with Anwar Uddin . He was appointed manager in January 2019 , but resigned in September the same year . Controversies . In May 2019 , Sweeneys former Grimsby Town team mate Paul Linwood appeared on the I Had Trials Once podcast on Spotify , in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season . Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand . Speaking of Sweeney , Linwood said You’d finish training , Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say “lads , I’m just having a pint at the Laceby Arms” , and the whole squad would be in there . 15 pints , easy . It was the only pub we could get away with it . It was in a tiny little village , and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits ! Even I turned round one day and said “this has gone too far.” We’d had a Monday session – straight after training , we finished boozing about five that morning , and then we were in for training at nine the next day . Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up , and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point . Those two came to pick me up after a session , and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training , which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters ! Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122 year history . Honours . Millwall - FA Cup runner-up : 2003–04 Stoke City - Football League Championship runner–up : 2007–08 Bury - Football League Two runner–up : 2010–11 External links . - Scotland U21 profile at Fitbastats - Scotland B profile at Fitbastats
|
[
"Grimsby Town"
] |
[
{
"text": " Peter Henry Sweeney ( born 25 September 1984 ) is a Scottish football manager , coach and former professional footballer .",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney played as a midfielder and began his career at Millwall where he progressed through their youth team and broke into the first team . He played in the 2004 FA Cup Final were Millwall lost 3–0 to Manchester United . He joined Stoke City in the summer of 2005 for a fee of £250,000 but his start at Stoke was hampered by injuries . He struggled to fully recover and after spending time out on loan at Yeovil Town and Walsall he joined Leeds United in January 2008 . After a brief spell at Elland Road Sweeney played for",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Grimsby Town , Bury , AFC Wimbledon , Dartford and Greenwich Borough .",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney was born in Glasgow and moved with his family to London when he was three-years-old . He started his career at Millwall , where he made his debut in 2002 , but he had to wait another year for his breakthrough . Sweeney played 34 times for Millwall in 2003–04 and he played a major role in the Lions route to the 2004 FA Cup Final , where he started against Manchester United at the Millennium Stadium , Millwall lost 3–0 . Following the cup final appearance , Millwall received a place in the UEFA Cup for the 2004–05",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": "season , in which Sweeney played a part in the first round of the tournament , where they were defeated by Hungarian side Ferencvárosi .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " On 1 July 2005 Sweeney signed for Stoke City for a fee of £250,000 . His start at Stoke was hampered after he injured his back in a pre-season match against Newcastle Town , which ruled him out for the first three months of the 2005–06 . Once he recovered from his injury Sweeney went on to play 20 times scoring once on the final day of the season against Brighton & Hove Albion .",
"title": "Stoke City"
},
{
"text": "He scored against Luton Town in a 2–2 draw early in the 2006–07 season but soon lost his place in the side and joined Yeovil Town on loan in January 2007 . He played eight times for the Golvers before returning to Stoke in April 2007 . On 22 November 2007 he signed a two-month loan deal at Walsall where he made seven appearances .",
"title": "Stoke City"
},
{
"text": "Early in the January 2008 transfer window Stoke accepted an undisclosed bid for the midfielder from Leeds United , with whom he swiftly agreed personally terms , and it was announced that he would sign , subject to a medical the following week . He finalised the move on 10 January , joining the club on a two–and–a–half–year deal . Despite starting in the last few games of Dennis Wise reign as Leeds manager , including making his debut away to Crewe and providing the assist for Jermaine Beckfords winning header , Sweeney failed to establish himself under managers Gary",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "McAllister and Simon Grayson .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney made a loan move in March 2009 to Grimsby Town , signing with Grimsby until the end of the season , along with Bradford City forward Barry Conlon and fellow Leeds player Jonathan Lund . Sweeney went on to be part of a Grimsby side that would make a late surge in the league , and that would eventually stave off the threat of relegation from the Football League . Following the close of the 2008–2009 season and the end of his loan spell , he was released from his contract at Leeds , following a one and a",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "half year spell at the Yorkshire club . On 3 July 2009 , after much speculation , Sweeney re–signed for The Mariners , on a two–year deal . He scored his first goal for the club against Rotherham United in a 2–1 defeat at home . Sweeney then managed to score a superb volley against his former club Leeds , in the third round of the Football League Trophy at Elland Road . A corner resulted in Leeds keeper Casper Ankergren punching the ball out too Sweeney , who smashed in a left foot volley from the edge of the",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "area , that crashed in off the under side of the cross bar . However Grimsby went on to lose the game 3–1 . On 18 December , Sweeney scored another spectacular goal after hitting a dipping volley from the edge of the in a 1–1 home draw with Morecambe . Sweeney continued to hold down a position in the centre of midfield throughout the 09/10 season . On 12 May 2010 , Sweeney was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the football league .",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney joined Bury on 25 June 2010 signing a two–year deal . Despite failing to hold down a regular starting place for The Shakers during the 2010–11 season , Sweeney performed consistently when called upon by manager Alan Knill . Following Knills departure , Sweeney entered the fold under Richie Barker following suspensions and injuries to regular midfield duo Damien Mozika and Steven Schumacher eventually helping the club to earn promotion from League Two . Sweeney made 41 appearances in League One , scoring 4 goals during the 2011–12 season and made 21 appearances , scoring 1 goal , in",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "all competitions during the 2012–13 season for Bury before being sold to AFC Wimbledon on 8 January 2013 . During his time at Bury , Sweeney made a total of 95 appearances , which is the most games he has ever played for one club .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "On 8 January 2013 Sweeney signed for League Two side AFC Wimbledon for a free transfer . After only seven appearances for The Dons , Sweeney suffered a broken foot in a game against Northampton Town on 19 February 2013 at The Cherry Red Records Stadium . The injury put him out of action for the remainder of the 2012–2013 season . He returned during AFC Wimbledons 2013–2014 pre–season campaign , scoring in a behind closed doors game against Gillingham on 2 July 2013 that ended 2–1 to The Gills . Sweeney came on as a substitute for Harry Pell",
"title": "AFC Wimbledon"
},
{
"text": "in AFC Wimbledons next friendly game against Dartford on 6 July 2013 at Princes Park , the game ended 2–2 .",
"title": "AFC Wimbledon"
},
{
"text": " In August 2014 , he signed for Conference Premier side Dartford on a one-year contract . In May 2015 , Sweeney was released by the club following relegation to the National League South and the expiration of his contract .",
"title": "Dartford"
},
{
"text": " In October 2017 , Sweeney moved to Glebe as to take on the role of assistant manager , working with Anwar Uddin . He was appointed manager in January 2019 , but resigned in September the same year .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " In May 2019 , Sweeneys former Grimsby Town team mate Paul Linwood appeared on the I Had Trials Once podcast on Spotify , in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season . Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "Speaking of Sweeney , Linwood said You’d finish training , Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say “lads , I’m just having a pint at the Laceby Arms” , and the whole squad would be in there . 15 pints , easy . It was the only pub we could get away with it . It was in a tiny little village , and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits ! Even I turned round one day and said “this has gone too far.” We’d had a Monday session – straight after training",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": ", we finished boozing about five that morning , and then we were in for training at nine the next day . Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up , and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point . Those two came to pick me up after a session , and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training , which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters !",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122 year history .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " - Scotland U21 profile at Fitbastats - Scotland B profile at Fitbastats",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Peter_Sweeney#P54#4
|
Which team did Peter Sweeney play for in Nov 2010?
|
Peter Sweeney Peter Henry Sweeney ( born 25 September 1984 ) is a Scottish football manager , coach and former professional footballer . Sweeney played as a midfielder and began his career at Millwall where he progressed through their youth team and broke into the first team . He played in the 2004 FA Cup Final were Millwall lost 3–0 to Manchester United . He joined Stoke City in the summer of 2005 for a fee of £250,000 but his start at Stoke was hampered by injuries . He struggled to fully recover and after spending time out on loan at Yeovil Town and Walsall he joined Leeds United in January 2008 . After a brief spell at Elland Road Sweeney played for Grimsby Town , Bury , AFC Wimbledon , Dartford and Greenwich Borough . Career . Millwall . Sweeney was born in Glasgow and moved with his family to London when he was three-years-old . He started his career at Millwall , where he made his debut in 2002 , but he had to wait another year for his breakthrough . Sweeney played 34 times for Millwall in 2003–04 and he played a major role in the Lions route to the 2004 FA Cup Final , where he started against Manchester United at the Millennium Stadium , Millwall lost 3–0 . Following the cup final appearance , Millwall received a place in the UEFA Cup for the 2004–05 season , in which Sweeney played a part in the first round of the tournament , where they were defeated by Hungarian side Ferencvárosi . Stoke City . On 1 July 2005 Sweeney signed for Stoke City for a fee of £250,000 . His start at Stoke was hampered after he injured his back in a pre-season match against Newcastle Town , which ruled him out for the first three months of the 2005–06 . Once he recovered from his injury Sweeney went on to play 20 times scoring once on the final day of the season against Brighton & Hove Albion . He scored against Luton Town in a 2–2 draw early in the 2006–07 season but soon lost his place in the side and joined Yeovil Town on loan in January 2007 . He played eight times for the Golvers before returning to Stoke in April 2007 . On 22 November 2007 he signed a two-month loan deal at Walsall where he made seven appearances . Leeds United . Early in the January 2008 transfer window Stoke accepted an undisclosed bid for the midfielder from Leeds United , with whom he swiftly agreed personally terms , and it was announced that he would sign , subject to a medical the following week . He finalised the move on 10 January , joining the club on a two–and–a–half–year deal . Despite starting in the last few games of Dennis Wise reign as Leeds manager , including making his debut away to Crewe and providing the assist for Jermaine Beckfords winning header , Sweeney failed to establish himself under managers Gary McAllister and Simon Grayson . Grimsby Town . Sweeney made a loan move in March 2009 to Grimsby Town , signing with Grimsby until the end of the season , along with Bradford City forward Barry Conlon and fellow Leeds player Jonathan Lund . Sweeney went on to be part of a Grimsby side that would make a late surge in the league , and that would eventually stave off the threat of relegation from the Football League . Following the close of the 2008–2009 season and the end of his loan spell , he was released from his contract at Leeds , following a one and a half year spell at the Yorkshire club . On 3 July 2009 , after much speculation , Sweeney re–signed for The Mariners , on a two–year deal . He scored his first goal for the club against Rotherham United in a 2–1 defeat at home . Sweeney then managed to score a superb volley against his former club Leeds , in the third round of the Football League Trophy at Elland Road . A corner resulted in Leeds keeper Casper Ankergren punching the ball out too Sweeney , who smashed in a left foot volley from the edge of the area , that crashed in off the under side of the cross bar . However Grimsby went on to lose the game 3–1 . On 18 December , Sweeney scored another spectacular goal after hitting a dipping volley from the edge of the in a 1–1 home draw with Morecambe . Sweeney continued to hold down a position in the centre of midfield throughout the 09/10 season . On 12 May 2010 , Sweeney was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the football league . Bury . Sweeney joined Bury on 25 June 2010 signing a two–year deal . Despite failing to hold down a regular starting place for The Shakers during the 2010–11 season , Sweeney performed consistently when called upon by manager Alan Knill . Following Knills departure , Sweeney entered the fold under Richie Barker following suspensions and injuries to regular midfield duo Damien Mozika and Steven Schumacher eventually helping the club to earn promotion from League Two . Sweeney made 41 appearances in League One , scoring 4 goals during the 2011–12 season and made 21 appearances , scoring 1 goal , in all competitions during the 2012–13 season for Bury before being sold to AFC Wimbledon on 8 January 2013 . During his time at Bury , Sweeney made a total of 95 appearances , which is the most games he has ever played for one club . AFC Wimbledon . On 8 January 2013 Sweeney signed for League Two side AFC Wimbledon for a free transfer . After only seven appearances for The Dons , Sweeney suffered a broken foot in a game against Northampton Town on 19 February 2013 at The Cherry Red Records Stadium . The injury put him out of action for the remainder of the 2012–2013 season . He returned during AFC Wimbledons 2013–2014 pre–season campaign , scoring in a behind closed doors game against Gillingham on 2 July 2013 that ended 2–1 to The Gills . Sweeney came on as a substitute for Harry Pell in AFC Wimbledons next friendly game against Dartford on 6 July 2013 at Princes Park , the game ended 2–2 . Dartford . In August 2014 , he signed for Conference Premier side Dartford on a one-year contract . In May 2015 , Sweeney was released by the club following relegation to the National League South and the expiration of his contract . Later career . Following his release from Dartford Sweeney joined Greenwich Borough in June 2015 . Coaching career . In October 2017 , Sweeney moved to Glebe as to take on the role of assistant manager , working with Anwar Uddin . He was appointed manager in January 2019 , but resigned in September the same year . Controversies . In May 2019 , Sweeneys former Grimsby Town team mate Paul Linwood appeared on the I Had Trials Once podcast on Spotify , in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season . Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand . Speaking of Sweeney , Linwood said You’d finish training , Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say “lads , I’m just having a pint at the Laceby Arms” , and the whole squad would be in there . 15 pints , easy . It was the only pub we could get away with it . It was in a tiny little village , and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits ! Even I turned round one day and said “this has gone too far.” We’d had a Monday session – straight after training , we finished boozing about five that morning , and then we were in for training at nine the next day . Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up , and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point . Those two came to pick me up after a session , and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training , which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters ! Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122 year history . Honours . Millwall - FA Cup runner-up : 2003–04 Stoke City - Football League Championship runner–up : 2007–08 Bury - Football League Two runner–up : 2010–11 External links . - Scotland U21 profile at Fitbastats - Scotland B profile at Fitbastats
|
[
"Bury"
] |
[
{
"text": " Peter Henry Sweeney ( born 25 September 1984 ) is a Scottish football manager , coach and former professional footballer .",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney played as a midfielder and began his career at Millwall where he progressed through their youth team and broke into the first team . He played in the 2004 FA Cup Final were Millwall lost 3–0 to Manchester United . He joined Stoke City in the summer of 2005 for a fee of £250,000 but his start at Stoke was hampered by injuries . He struggled to fully recover and after spending time out on loan at Yeovil Town and Walsall he joined Leeds United in January 2008 . After a brief spell at Elland Road Sweeney played for",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Grimsby Town , Bury , AFC Wimbledon , Dartford and Greenwich Borough .",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney was born in Glasgow and moved with his family to London when he was three-years-old . He started his career at Millwall , where he made his debut in 2002 , but he had to wait another year for his breakthrough . Sweeney played 34 times for Millwall in 2003–04 and he played a major role in the Lions route to the 2004 FA Cup Final , where he started against Manchester United at the Millennium Stadium , Millwall lost 3–0 . Following the cup final appearance , Millwall received a place in the UEFA Cup for the 2004–05",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": "season , in which Sweeney played a part in the first round of the tournament , where they were defeated by Hungarian side Ferencvárosi .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " On 1 July 2005 Sweeney signed for Stoke City for a fee of £250,000 . His start at Stoke was hampered after he injured his back in a pre-season match against Newcastle Town , which ruled him out for the first three months of the 2005–06 . Once he recovered from his injury Sweeney went on to play 20 times scoring once on the final day of the season against Brighton & Hove Albion .",
"title": "Stoke City"
},
{
"text": "He scored against Luton Town in a 2–2 draw early in the 2006–07 season but soon lost his place in the side and joined Yeovil Town on loan in January 2007 . He played eight times for the Golvers before returning to Stoke in April 2007 . On 22 November 2007 he signed a two-month loan deal at Walsall where he made seven appearances .",
"title": "Stoke City"
},
{
"text": "Early in the January 2008 transfer window Stoke accepted an undisclosed bid for the midfielder from Leeds United , with whom he swiftly agreed personally terms , and it was announced that he would sign , subject to a medical the following week . He finalised the move on 10 January , joining the club on a two–and–a–half–year deal . Despite starting in the last few games of Dennis Wise reign as Leeds manager , including making his debut away to Crewe and providing the assist for Jermaine Beckfords winning header , Sweeney failed to establish himself under managers Gary",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "McAllister and Simon Grayson .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney made a loan move in March 2009 to Grimsby Town , signing with Grimsby until the end of the season , along with Bradford City forward Barry Conlon and fellow Leeds player Jonathan Lund . Sweeney went on to be part of a Grimsby side that would make a late surge in the league , and that would eventually stave off the threat of relegation from the Football League . Following the close of the 2008–2009 season and the end of his loan spell , he was released from his contract at Leeds , following a one and a",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "half year spell at the Yorkshire club . On 3 July 2009 , after much speculation , Sweeney re–signed for The Mariners , on a two–year deal . He scored his first goal for the club against Rotherham United in a 2–1 defeat at home . Sweeney then managed to score a superb volley against his former club Leeds , in the third round of the Football League Trophy at Elland Road . A corner resulted in Leeds keeper Casper Ankergren punching the ball out too Sweeney , who smashed in a left foot volley from the edge of the",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "area , that crashed in off the under side of the cross bar . However Grimsby went on to lose the game 3–1 . On 18 December , Sweeney scored another spectacular goal after hitting a dipping volley from the edge of the in a 1–1 home draw with Morecambe . Sweeney continued to hold down a position in the centre of midfield throughout the 09/10 season . On 12 May 2010 , Sweeney was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the football league .",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney joined Bury on 25 June 2010 signing a two–year deal . Despite failing to hold down a regular starting place for The Shakers during the 2010–11 season , Sweeney performed consistently when called upon by manager Alan Knill . Following Knills departure , Sweeney entered the fold under Richie Barker following suspensions and injuries to regular midfield duo Damien Mozika and Steven Schumacher eventually helping the club to earn promotion from League Two . Sweeney made 41 appearances in League One , scoring 4 goals during the 2011–12 season and made 21 appearances , scoring 1 goal , in",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "all competitions during the 2012–13 season for Bury before being sold to AFC Wimbledon on 8 January 2013 . During his time at Bury , Sweeney made a total of 95 appearances , which is the most games he has ever played for one club .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "On 8 January 2013 Sweeney signed for League Two side AFC Wimbledon for a free transfer . After only seven appearances for The Dons , Sweeney suffered a broken foot in a game against Northampton Town on 19 February 2013 at The Cherry Red Records Stadium . The injury put him out of action for the remainder of the 2012–2013 season . He returned during AFC Wimbledons 2013–2014 pre–season campaign , scoring in a behind closed doors game against Gillingham on 2 July 2013 that ended 2–1 to The Gills . Sweeney came on as a substitute for Harry Pell",
"title": "AFC Wimbledon"
},
{
"text": "in AFC Wimbledons next friendly game against Dartford on 6 July 2013 at Princes Park , the game ended 2–2 .",
"title": "AFC Wimbledon"
},
{
"text": " In August 2014 , he signed for Conference Premier side Dartford on a one-year contract . In May 2015 , Sweeney was released by the club following relegation to the National League South and the expiration of his contract .",
"title": "Dartford"
},
{
"text": " In October 2017 , Sweeney moved to Glebe as to take on the role of assistant manager , working with Anwar Uddin . He was appointed manager in January 2019 , but resigned in September the same year .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " In May 2019 , Sweeneys former Grimsby Town team mate Paul Linwood appeared on the I Had Trials Once podcast on Spotify , in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season . Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "Speaking of Sweeney , Linwood said You’d finish training , Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say “lads , I’m just having a pint at the Laceby Arms” , and the whole squad would be in there . 15 pints , easy . It was the only pub we could get away with it . It was in a tiny little village , and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits ! Even I turned round one day and said “this has gone too far.” We’d had a Monday session – straight after training",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": ", we finished boozing about five that morning , and then we were in for training at nine the next day . Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up , and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point . Those two came to pick me up after a session , and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training , which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters !",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122 year history .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " - Scotland U21 profile at Fitbastats - Scotland B profile at Fitbastats",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Peter_Sweeney#P54#5
|
Which team did Peter Sweeney play for after Mar 2013?
|
Peter Sweeney Peter Henry Sweeney ( born 25 September 1984 ) is a Scottish football manager , coach and former professional footballer . Sweeney played as a midfielder and began his career at Millwall where he progressed through their youth team and broke into the first team . He played in the 2004 FA Cup Final were Millwall lost 3–0 to Manchester United . He joined Stoke City in the summer of 2005 for a fee of £250,000 but his start at Stoke was hampered by injuries . He struggled to fully recover and after spending time out on loan at Yeovil Town and Walsall he joined Leeds United in January 2008 . After a brief spell at Elland Road Sweeney played for Grimsby Town , Bury , AFC Wimbledon , Dartford and Greenwich Borough . Career . Millwall . Sweeney was born in Glasgow and moved with his family to London when he was three-years-old . He started his career at Millwall , where he made his debut in 2002 , but he had to wait another year for his breakthrough . Sweeney played 34 times for Millwall in 2003–04 and he played a major role in the Lions route to the 2004 FA Cup Final , where he started against Manchester United at the Millennium Stadium , Millwall lost 3–0 . Following the cup final appearance , Millwall received a place in the UEFA Cup for the 2004–05 season , in which Sweeney played a part in the first round of the tournament , where they were defeated by Hungarian side Ferencvárosi . Stoke City . On 1 July 2005 Sweeney signed for Stoke City for a fee of £250,000 . His start at Stoke was hampered after he injured his back in a pre-season match against Newcastle Town , which ruled him out for the first three months of the 2005–06 . Once he recovered from his injury Sweeney went on to play 20 times scoring once on the final day of the season against Brighton & Hove Albion . He scored against Luton Town in a 2–2 draw early in the 2006–07 season but soon lost his place in the side and joined Yeovil Town on loan in January 2007 . He played eight times for the Golvers before returning to Stoke in April 2007 . On 22 November 2007 he signed a two-month loan deal at Walsall where he made seven appearances . Leeds United . Early in the January 2008 transfer window Stoke accepted an undisclosed bid for the midfielder from Leeds United , with whom he swiftly agreed personally terms , and it was announced that he would sign , subject to a medical the following week . He finalised the move on 10 January , joining the club on a two–and–a–half–year deal . Despite starting in the last few games of Dennis Wise reign as Leeds manager , including making his debut away to Crewe and providing the assist for Jermaine Beckfords winning header , Sweeney failed to establish himself under managers Gary McAllister and Simon Grayson . Grimsby Town . Sweeney made a loan move in March 2009 to Grimsby Town , signing with Grimsby until the end of the season , along with Bradford City forward Barry Conlon and fellow Leeds player Jonathan Lund . Sweeney went on to be part of a Grimsby side that would make a late surge in the league , and that would eventually stave off the threat of relegation from the Football League . Following the close of the 2008–2009 season and the end of his loan spell , he was released from his contract at Leeds , following a one and a half year spell at the Yorkshire club . On 3 July 2009 , after much speculation , Sweeney re–signed for The Mariners , on a two–year deal . He scored his first goal for the club against Rotherham United in a 2–1 defeat at home . Sweeney then managed to score a superb volley against his former club Leeds , in the third round of the Football League Trophy at Elland Road . A corner resulted in Leeds keeper Casper Ankergren punching the ball out too Sweeney , who smashed in a left foot volley from the edge of the area , that crashed in off the under side of the cross bar . However Grimsby went on to lose the game 3–1 . On 18 December , Sweeney scored another spectacular goal after hitting a dipping volley from the edge of the in a 1–1 home draw with Morecambe . Sweeney continued to hold down a position in the centre of midfield throughout the 09/10 season . On 12 May 2010 , Sweeney was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the football league . Bury . Sweeney joined Bury on 25 June 2010 signing a two–year deal . Despite failing to hold down a regular starting place for The Shakers during the 2010–11 season , Sweeney performed consistently when called upon by manager Alan Knill . Following Knills departure , Sweeney entered the fold under Richie Barker following suspensions and injuries to regular midfield duo Damien Mozika and Steven Schumacher eventually helping the club to earn promotion from League Two . Sweeney made 41 appearances in League One , scoring 4 goals during the 2011–12 season and made 21 appearances , scoring 1 goal , in all competitions during the 2012–13 season for Bury before being sold to AFC Wimbledon on 8 January 2013 . During his time at Bury , Sweeney made a total of 95 appearances , which is the most games he has ever played for one club . AFC Wimbledon . On 8 January 2013 Sweeney signed for League Two side AFC Wimbledon for a free transfer . After only seven appearances for The Dons , Sweeney suffered a broken foot in a game against Northampton Town on 19 February 2013 at The Cherry Red Records Stadium . The injury put him out of action for the remainder of the 2012–2013 season . He returned during AFC Wimbledons 2013–2014 pre–season campaign , scoring in a behind closed doors game against Gillingham on 2 July 2013 that ended 2–1 to The Gills . Sweeney came on as a substitute for Harry Pell in AFC Wimbledons next friendly game against Dartford on 6 July 2013 at Princes Park , the game ended 2–2 . Dartford . In August 2014 , he signed for Conference Premier side Dartford on a one-year contract . In May 2015 , Sweeney was released by the club following relegation to the National League South and the expiration of his contract . Later career . Following his release from Dartford Sweeney joined Greenwich Borough in June 2015 . Coaching career . In October 2017 , Sweeney moved to Glebe as to take on the role of assistant manager , working with Anwar Uddin . He was appointed manager in January 2019 , but resigned in September the same year . Controversies . In May 2019 , Sweeneys former Grimsby Town team mate Paul Linwood appeared on the I Had Trials Once podcast on Spotify , in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season . Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand . Speaking of Sweeney , Linwood said You’d finish training , Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say “lads , I’m just having a pint at the Laceby Arms” , and the whole squad would be in there . 15 pints , easy . It was the only pub we could get away with it . It was in a tiny little village , and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits ! Even I turned round one day and said “this has gone too far.” We’d had a Monday session – straight after training , we finished boozing about five that morning , and then we were in for training at nine the next day . Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up , and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point . Those two came to pick me up after a session , and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training , which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters ! Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122 year history . Honours . Millwall - FA Cup runner-up : 2003–04 Stoke City - Football League Championship runner–up : 2007–08 Bury - Football League Two runner–up : 2010–11 External links . - Scotland U21 profile at Fitbastats - Scotland B profile at Fitbastats
|
[
"AFC Wimbledon"
] |
[
{
"text": " Peter Henry Sweeney ( born 25 September 1984 ) is a Scottish football manager , coach and former professional footballer .",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney played as a midfielder and began his career at Millwall where he progressed through their youth team and broke into the first team . He played in the 2004 FA Cup Final were Millwall lost 3–0 to Manchester United . He joined Stoke City in the summer of 2005 for a fee of £250,000 but his start at Stoke was hampered by injuries . He struggled to fully recover and after spending time out on loan at Yeovil Town and Walsall he joined Leeds United in January 2008 . After a brief spell at Elland Road Sweeney played for",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Grimsby Town , Bury , AFC Wimbledon , Dartford and Greenwich Borough .",
"title": "Peter Sweeney"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney was born in Glasgow and moved with his family to London when he was three-years-old . He started his career at Millwall , where he made his debut in 2002 , but he had to wait another year for his breakthrough . Sweeney played 34 times for Millwall in 2003–04 and he played a major role in the Lions route to the 2004 FA Cup Final , where he started against Manchester United at the Millennium Stadium , Millwall lost 3–0 . Following the cup final appearance , Millwall received a place in the UEFA Cup for the 2004–05",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": "season , in which Sweeney played a part in the first round of the tournament , where they were defeated by Hungarian side Ferencvárosi .",
"title": "Millwall"
},
{
"text": " On 1 July 2005 Sweeney signed for Stoke City for a fee of £250,000 . His start at Stoke was hampered after he injured his back in a pre-season match against Newcastle Town , which ruled him out for the first three months of the 2005–06 . Once he recovered from his injury Sweeney went on to play 20 times scoring once on the final day of the season against Brighton & Hove Albion .",
"title": "Stoke City"
},
{
"text": "He scored against Luton Town in a 2–2 draw early in the 2006–07 season but soon lost his place in the side and joined Yeovil Town on loan in January 2007 . He played eight times for the Golvers before returning to Stoke in April 2007 . On 22 November 2007 he signed a two-month loan deal at Walsall where he made seven appearances .",
"title": "Stoke City"
},
{
"text": "Early in the January 2008 transfer window Stoke accepted an undisclosed bid for the midfielder from Leeds United , with whom he swiftly agreed personally terms , and it was announced that he would sign , subject to a medical the following week . He finalised the move on 10 January , joining the club on a two–and–a–half–year deal . Despite starting in the last few games of Dennis Wise reign as Leeds manager , including making his debut away to Crewe and providing the assist for Jermaine Beckfords winning header , Sweeney failed to establish himself under managers Gary",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "McAllister and Simon Grayson .",
"title": "Leeds United"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney made a loan move in March 2009 to Grimsby Town , signing with Grimsby until the end of the season , along with Bradford City forward Barry Conlon and fellow Leeds player Jonathan Lund . Sweeney went on to be part of a Grimsby side that would make a late surge in the league , and that would eventually stave off the threat of relegation from the Football League . Following the close of the 2008–2009 season and the end of his loan spell , he was released from his contract at Leeds , following a one and a",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "half year spell at the Yorkshire club . On 3 July 2009 , after much speculation , Sweeney re–signed for The Mariners , on a two–year deal . He scored his first goal for the club against Rotherham United in a 2–1 defeat at home . Sweeney then managed to score a superb volley against his former club Leeds , in the third round of the Football League Trophy at Elland Road . A corner resulted in Leeds keeper Casper Ankergren punching the ball out too Sweeney , who smashed in a left foot volley from the edge of the",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "area , that crashed in off the under side of the cross bar . However Grimsby went on to lose the game 3–1 . On 18 December , Sweeney scored another spectacular goal after hitting a dipping volley from the edge of the in a 1–1 home draw with Morecambe . Sweeney continued to hold down a position in the centre of midfield throughout the 09/10 season . On 12 May 2010 , Sweeney was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the football league .",
"title": "Grimsby Town"
},
{
"text": "Sweeney joined Bury on 25 June 2010 signing a two–year deal . Despite failing to hold down a regular starting place for The Shakers during the 2010–11 season , Sweeney performed consistently when called upon by manager Alan Knill . Following Knills departure , Sweeney entered the fold under Richie Barker following suspensions and injuries to regular midfield duo Damien Mozika and Steven Schumacher eventually helping the club to earn promotion from League Two . Sweeney made 41 appearances in League One , scoring 4 goals during the 2011–12 season and made 21 appearances , scoring 1 goal , in",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "all competitions during the 2012–13 season for Bury before being sold to AFC Wimbledon on 8 January 2013 . During his time at Bury , Sweeney made a total of 95 appearances , which is the most games he has ever played for one club .",
"title": "Bury"
},
{
"text": "On 8 January 2013 Sweeney signed for League Two side AFC Wimbledon for a free transfer . After only seven appearances for The Dons , Sweeney suffered a broken foot in a game against Northampton Town on 19 February 2013 at The Cherry Red Records Stadium . The injury put him out of action for the remainder of the 2012–2013 season . He returned during AFC Wimbledons 2013–2014 pre–season campaign , scoring in a behind closed doors game against Gillingham on 2 July 2013 that ended 2–1 to The Gills . Sweeney came on as a substitute for Harry Pell",
"title": "AFC Wimbledon"
},
{
"text": "in AFC Wimbledons next friendly game against Dartford on 6 July 2013 at Princes Park , the game ended 2–2 .",
"title": "AFC Wimbledon"
},
{
"text": " In August 2014 , he signed for Conference Premier side Dartford on a one-year contract . In May 2015 , Sweeney was released by the club following relegation to the National League South and the expiration of his contract .",
"title": "Dartford"
},
{
"text": " In October 2017 , Sweeney moved to Glebe as to take on the role of assistant manager , working with Anwar Uddin . He was appointed manager in January 2019 , but resigned in September the same year .",
"title": "Coaching career"
},
{
"text": " In May 2019 , Sweeneys former Grimsby Town team mate Paul Linwood appeared on the I Had Trials Once podcast on Spotify , in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season . Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": "Speaking of Sweeney , Linwood said You’d finish training , Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say “lads , I’m just having a pint at the Laceby Arms” , and the whole squad would be in there . 15 pints , easy . It was the only pub we could get away with it . It was in a tiny little village , and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits ! Even I turned round one day and said “this has gone too far.” We’d had a Monday session – straight after training",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": ", we finished boozing about five that morning , and then we were in for training at nine the next day . Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up , and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point . Those two came to pick me up after a session , and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training , which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters !",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122 year history .",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"text": " - Scotland U21 profile at Fitbastats - Scotland B profile at Fitbastats",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Redmond_Barry#P39#0
|
What was the position of Redmond Barry between Oct 1851 and Nov 1851?
|
Redmond Barry Sir Redmond Barry , ( 7 June 181323 November 1880 ) , was a colonial judge in Victoria , Australia of Anglo-Irish origins . Barry was the inaugural Chancellor of the University of Melbourne , serving from 1853 until his death in 1880 . He is arguably best known for having sentenced Ned Kelly to death . Early life . Barry was the third son of Major-General Henry Green Barry , of Ballyclough , Kilworth , County Cork , Ireland , and his wife Phoebe Drought , daughter of John Armstrong Drought and Letita Head . Barry had five brothers and six sisters and was educated at a military school , Hall Place , near Bexley , in Kent . Returning to Ireland in 1829 , he was unable to obtain a military commission so began his own further education . Following his own classics programme , translating classical authors into English verse , reading old and new writers , he gained a working knowledge of nearly every subject . In 1832 , he entered Trinity College , Dublin , graduated in 1835 with the usual Bachelor of Arts degree , and was called to the bar in Dublin in 1838 . After his fathers death , Barry sailed for Sydney , capital of the British Colony of New South Wales . Life and work in Australia . Barry arrived in New South Wales in April 1837 and was admitted to the New South Wales Bar . After two years in Sydney , Barry moved to Melbourne , a city with which he was ever afterwards closely identified , arriving at the new Port Phillip Settlement on 13 November 1839 . In 1841 , Barry served as the defence lawyer for Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner , two indigenous rebels on trial for murder . Barry questioned the legal basis of British authority over Aborigines who were not citizens and claimed that the evidence was dubious and circumstantial . Despite his best efforts , the two men were found guilty and subsequently hanged on 20 January 1842 , becoming the first people in Victoria to be legally executed . After practising his profession for some years , he became commissioner of the Court of Requests , and after the creation in 1851 of the colony of Victoria , out of the Port Phillip district of New South Wales , he became the first Solicitor-General of Victoria , with a seat in both the Legislative and Executive Councils . In 1852 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria . Later he also served as acting Chief Justice and Administrator of the government . Barry was noted for his service to the community , and he convinced the state government to spend money on public works , particularly on education . He was instrumental in the foundation of the Royal Melbourne Hospital ( 1848 ) , the University of Melbourne ( 1853 ) , and the State Library of Victoria ( 1854 ) . He served as the first chancellor of the university until his death and was also president of the trustees of the State Library . He was the first President of the Ballarat School of Mines ( 1870 ) , which later became the Ballarat University and now Federation University Australia . Barry was the judge in the Eureka Stockade treason trials in the Supreme Court in 1855 . The thirteen miners were all acquitted . In 1857 , Barry conducted the inquest into the murder of Inspector-General John Giles Price , who was beaten to death by a group of at least 15 convicts during an inspection of the prison quarries in Williamstown , Victoria . Seven of the convicts involved in the attack on Price were found guilty , and sentenced to death by hanging . The seven men were executed at Melbourne Gaol within a three-day period from 28 to 30 April . He chaired the committee for the Victorian Intercolonial Exhibition in Melbourne , represented Victoria at the London International Exhibition of 1862 and at the Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876 . He was made a knight bachelor in 1860 , and was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) in 1877 . Kelly cases . In October 1878 , at Beechworth court , Barry presided over a case in which Mrs Ellen Kelly ( King ) and two men were accused of aiding and abetting the attempted murder of a Victoria Police constable named Alexander Fitzpatrick . After sentencing Mrs Kelly to three years with hard labour , Barry said , if your son Ned were here I would make an example of him for the whole of Australia – I would give him fifteen years . In 1880 , Barry presided at the final trial of Ned Kelly , who was tried and convicted of murdering three other Victoria Police constables . The trial and sentencing have since been the subject of many articles and books by lawyers and historians . When he sentenced Kelly to death by hanging , Barry uttered the customary words May God have mercy on your soul . According to the transcripts , Kelly replied I will go a little further than that , and say I will see you there when I go . On 23 November 1880 , only twelve days after Kellys execution , Sir Redmond Barry died from what the doctors described as congestion of the lungs and a carbuncle in the neck . Contribution to libraries . Barry laid the foundations of the Supreme Court Library ( Melbourne ) and was the prime mover establishing the Melbourne Public Library . As a legislator he promoted the Parliamentary Library . He organised the Governor , Sir Charles Hotham , to lay the foundation stones of University of Melbourne , Melbourne Public Library and Sunbury Industrial School [ later Sunbury Lunatic Asylum ] in 1854 – all on the same day . Sir Redmond Barry virtually single-handedly planned the Melbourne Public Library building and its contents . He had a hands-on approach personally writing book selection and acquisition procedures – even to getting his hands dirty shelving books for the Librarys 1856 opening . In 1862 and 1877-78 he went to Europe , England and America , purchasing books and pictures for University , Law and Public Libraries and Art Gallery . As Board of Trustees Chairman he was responsible for starting travelling libraries and supporting extended library hours . In September 1870 he acquired Marcus Clarke as Public Library Trustees clerk ( later secretary ) , who until his death in 1881 worked as sub-librarian . There can be fewer men with greater concern for and a greater and better vision for the young colonial society in which Redmond Barry made his life . Books and reading were intrinsic to Barrys own educational and intellectual development so he wanted these advantages for other people . The reason for his support of the Melbourne Public Library , the Law Library and his support of Mechanic Institutes was free access to libraries for all not just a select few . Personal life . Barry never married , but had four children to Louisa Barrow , all of whom he acknowledged and supported . in August 1841 , he was involved in a duel with pastoralist , Peter Snodgrass , whose pistol discharged prematurely . Barry then discharged his own pistol harmlessly into the air . Death . The Argus reported Sir Redmond Barry had been suffering from diabetes for about 10 years , but on his return from his trip to Europe and America it was apparent that the disease had affected his system . On Monday , 15 November , he was first troubled with the carbuncle on his neck . Sir Redmond was counselled by his medical adviser to at once rest from duty , but he was reluctant to do so , and continued to attend the court until he was compelled to take rest . He was constantly attended by Dr . Gunst , who however , could scarcely impress his patient with a sense of the very serious nature of his disease , which he regarded somewhat lightly . He became restless , and it was deemed advisable to place him under the constant care of a nurse . Despite the precautions , Barry caught cold through exposure , and congestion of the left lung set in . Dr . Gunst held a consultation with Dr . Teague , and pronounced the case hopeless . The left lung had become greatly congested , and this , together with the exhaustion and wasting away of the system resulting from the previous disease , proved fatal . Memorials and legacy . The State Library of Victoria has named a reading room after Sir Redmond Barry , who was the first Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Melbourne Public Library . The University of Melbourne of which he was the first Chancellor has a Redmond Barry building named for him . A plaque marking the location of Sir Redmond Barrys residence is located near the corner of Josephine Avenue and High Street Road in Mount Waverley . The University of Melbourne has also established the Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor , a title awarded to professors within the university who display outstanding research and leadership . The Australian Library and Information Associations highest honour that can be bestowed on an individual not eligible for membership of the association is the Redmond Barry Award , awarded in recognition of outstanding service to or promotion of a library and information service or libraries and information services , or to the theory or practice of library and information science , or an associated field . Portrayals in film . Barry has appeared as a character in three dramatizations of the Ned Kelly story : He appears in Tony Richardsons 1970 biopic about the bushranger , played by acting veteran Frank Thring . He has a prominent role in the 1977 television drama The Trial of Ned Kelly , where he was played by John Frawley . And he appeared in the 1980 miniseries The Last Outlaw , played by David Clendinning . Barry is also a minor character in Philippe Moras bushranging biopic Mad Dog Morgan , where he is played by Peter Collingwood .
|
[
"Solicitor-General of Victoria"
] |
[
{
"text": " Sir Redmond Barry , ( 7 June 181323 November 1880 ) , was a colonial judge in Victoria , Australia of Anglo-Irish origins . Barry was the inaugural Chancellor of the University of Melbourne , serving from 1853 until his death in 1880 . He is arguably best known for having sentenced Ned Kelly to death .",
"title": "Redmond Barry"
},
{
"text": "Barry was the third son of Major-General Henry Green Barry , of Ballyclough , Kilworth , County Cork , Ireland , and his wife Phoebe Drought , daughter of John Armstrong Drought and Letita Head . Barry had five brothers and six sisters and was educated at a military school , Hall Place , near Bexley , in Kent . Returning to Ireland in 1829 , he was unable to obtain a military commission so began his own further education . Following his own classics programme , translating classical authors into English verse , reading old and new writers ,",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "he gained a working knowledge of nearly every subject .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1832 , he entered Trinity College , Dublin , graduated in 1835 with the usual Bachelor of Arts degree , and was called to the bar in Dublin in 1838 . After his fathers death , Barry sailed for Sydney , capital of the British Colony of New South Wales . Life and work in Australia .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Barry arrived in New South Wales in April 1837 and was admitted to the New South Wales Bar . After two years in Sydney , Barry moved to Melbourne , a city with which he was ever afterwards closely identified , arriving at the new Port Phillip Settlement on 13 November 1839 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1841 , Barry served as the defence lawyer for Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner , two indigenous rebels on trial for murder . Barry questioned the legal basis of British authority over Aborigines who were not citizens and claimed that the evidence was dubious and circumstantial . Despite his best efforts , the two men were found guilty and subsequently hanged on 20 January 1842 , becoming the first people in Victoria to be legally executed .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "After practising his profession for some years , he became commissioner of the Court of Requests , and after the creation in 1851 of the colony of Victoria , out of the Port Phillip district of New South Wales , he became the first Solicitor-General of Victoria , with a seat in both the Legislative and Executive Councils . In 1852 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria . Later he also served as acting Chief Justice and Administrator of the government .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Barry was noted for his service to the community , and he convinced the state government to spend money on public works , particularly on education . He was instrumental in the foundation of the Royal Melbourne Hospital ( 1848 ) , the University of Melbourne ( 1853 ) , and the State Library of Victoria ( 1854 ) . He served as the first chancellor of the university until his death and was also president of the trustees of the State Library . He was the first President of the Ballarat School of Mines ( 1870 ) , which",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "later became the Ballarat University and now Federation University Australia .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Barry was the judge in the Eureka Stockade treason trials in the Supreme Court in 1855 . The thirteen miners were all acquitted .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1857 , Barry conducted the inquest into the murder of Inspector-General John Giles Price , who was beaten to death by a group of at least 15 convicts during an inspection of the prison quarries in Williamstown , Victoria . Seven of the convicts involved in the attack on Price were found guilty , and sentenced to death by hanging . The seven men were executed at Melbourne Gaol within a three-day period from 28 to 30 April .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He chaired the committee for the Victorian Intercolonial Exhibition in Melbourne , represented Victoria at the London International Exhibition of 1862 and at the Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876 . He was made a knight bachelor in 1860 , and was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) in 1877 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In October 1878 , at Beechworth court , Barry presided over a case in which Mrs Ellen Kelly ( King ) and two men were accused of aiding and abetting the attempted murder of a Victoria Police constable named Alexander Fitzpatrick . After sentencing Mrs Kelly to three years with hard labour , Barry said , if your son Ned were here I would make an example of him for the whole of Australia – I would give him fifteen years .",
"title": "Kelly cases"
},
{
"text": "In 1880 , Barry presided at the final trial of Ned Kelly , who was tried and convicted of murdering three other Victoria Police constables . The trial and sentencing have since been the subject of many articles and books by lawyers and historians . When he sentenced Kelly to death by hanging , Barry uttered the customary words May God have mercy on your soul . According to the transcripts , Kelly replied I will go a little further than that , and say I will see you there when I go . On 23 November 1880 , only",
"title": "Kelly cases"
},
{
"text": "twelve days after Kellys execution , Sir Redmond Barry died from what the doctors described as congestion of the lungs and a carbuncle in the neck .",
"title": "Kelly cases"
},
{
"text": " Barry laid the foundations of the Supreme Court Library ( Melbourne ) and was the prime mover establishing the Melbourne Public Library . As a legislator he promoted the Parliamentary Library . He organised the Governor , Sir Charles Hotham , to lay the foundation stones of University of Melbourne , Melbourne Public Library and Sunbury Industrial School [ later Sunbury Lunatic Asylum ] in 1854 – all on the same day .",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": "Sir Redmond Barry virtually single-handedly planned the Melbourne Public Library building and its contents . He had a hands-on approach personally writing book selection and acquisition procedures – even to getting his hands dirty shelving books for the Librarys 1856 opening . In 1862 and 1877-78 he went to Europe , England and America , purchasing books and pictures for University , Law and Public Libraries and Art Gallery . As Board of Trustees Chairman he was responsible for starting travelling libraries and supporting extended library hours . In September 1870 he acquired Marcus Clarke as Public Library Trustees clerk",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": "( later secretary ) , who until his death in 1881 worked as sub-librarian .",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": " There can be fewer men with greater concern for and a greater and better vision for the young colonial society in which Redmond Barry made his life . Books and reading were intrinsic to Barrys own educational and intellectual development so he wanted these advantages for other people . The reason for his support of the Melbourne Public Library , the Law Library and his support of Mechanic Institutes was free access to libraries for all not just a select few .",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": " Barry never married , but had four children to Louisa Barrow , all of whom he acknowledged and supported . in August 1841 , he was involved in a duel with pastoralist , Peter Snodgrass , whose pistol discharged prematurely . Barry then discharged his own pistol harmlessly into the air .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "The Argus reported Sir Redmond Barry had been suffering from diabetes for about 10 years , but on his return from his trip to Europe and America it was apparent that the disease had affected his system . On Monday , 15 November , he was first troubled with the carbuncle on his neck . Sir Redmond was counselled by his medical adviser to at once rest from duty , but he was reluctant to do so , and continued to attend the court until he was compelled to take rest . He was constantly attended by Dr . Gunst",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": ", who however , could scarcely impress his patient with a sense of the very serious nature of his disease , which he regarded somewhat lightly . He became restless , and it was deemed advisable to place him under the constant care of a nurse . Despite the precautions , Barry caught cold through exposure , and congestion of the left lung set in . Dr . Gunst held a consultation with Dr . Teague , and pronounced the case hopeless . The left lung had become greatly congested , and this , together with the exhaustion and wasting",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "away of the system resulting from the previous disease , proved fatal .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "The State Library of Victoria has named a reading room after Sir Redmond Barry , who was the first Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Melbourne Public Library . The University of Melbourne of which he was the first Chancellor has a Redmond Barry building named for him . A plaque marking the location of Sir Redmond Barrys residence is located near the corner of Josephine Avenue and High Street Road in Mount Waverley . The University of Melbourne has also established the Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor , a title awarded to professors within the university who display",
"title": "Memorials and legacy"
},
{
"text": "outstanding research and leadership .",
"title": "Memorials and legacy"
},
{
"text": " The Australian Library and Information Associations highest honour that can be bestowed on an individual not eligible for membership of the association is the Redmond Barry Award , awarded in recognition of outstanding service to or promotion of a library and information service or libraries and information services , or to the theory or practice of library and information science , or an associated field .",
"title": "Memorials and legacy"
},
{
"text": " Barry has appeared as a character in three dramatizations of the Ned Kelly story : He appears in Tony Richardsons 1970 biopic about the bushranger , played by acting veteran Frank Thring . He has a prominent role in the 1977 television drama The Trial of Ned Kelly , where he was played by John Frawley . And he appeared in the 1980 miniseries The Last Outlaw , played by David Clendinning . Barry is also a minor character in Philippe Moras bushranging biopic Mad Dog Morgan , where he is played by Peter Collingwood .",
"title": "Portrayals in film"
}
] |
/wiki/Redmond_Barry#P39#1
|
What was the position of Redmond Barry in Oct 1852?
|
Redmond Barry Sir Redmond Barry , ( 7 June 181323 November 1880 ) , was a colonial judge in Victoria , Australia of Anglo-Irish origins . Barry was the inaugural Chancellor of the University of Melbourne , serving from 1853 until his death in 1880 . He is arguably best known for having sentenced Ned Kelly to death . Early life . Barry was the third son of Major-General Henry Green Barry , of Ballyclough , Kilworth , County Cork , Ireland , and his wife Phoebe Drought , daughter of John Armstrong Drought and Letita Head . Barry had five brothers and six sisters and was educated at a military school , Hall Place , near Bexley , in Kent . Returning to Ireland in 1829 , he was unable to obtain a military commission so began his own further education . Following his own classics programme , translating classical authors into English verse , reading old and new writers , he gained a working knowledge of nearly every subject . In 1832 , he entered Trinity College , Dublin , graduated in 1835 with the usual Bachelor of Arts degree , and was called to the bar in Dublin in 1838 . After his fathers death , Barry sailed for Sydney , capital of the British Colony of New South Wales . Life and work in Australia . Barry arrived in New South Wales in April 1837 and was admitted to the New South Wales Bar . After two years in Sydney , Barry moved to Melbourne , a city with which he was ever afterwards closely identified , arriving at the new Port Phillip Settlement on 13 November 1839 . In 1841 , Barry served as the defence lawyer for Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner , two indigenous rebels on trial for murder . Barry questioned the legal basis of British authority over Aborigines who were not citizens and claimed that the evidence was dubious and circumstantial . Despite his best efforts , the two men were found guilty and subsequently hanged on 20 January 1842 , becoming the first people in Victoria to be legally executed . After practising his profession for some years , he became commissioner of the Court of Requests , and after the creation in 1851 of the colony of Victoria , out of the Port Phillip district of New South Wales , he became the first Solicitor-General of Victoria , with a seat in both the Legislative and Executive Councils . In 1852 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria . Later he also served as acting Chief Justice and Administrator of the government . Barry was noted for his service to the community , and he convinced the state government to spend money on public works , particularly on education . He was instrumental in the foundation of the Royal Melbourne Hospital ( 1848 ) , the University of Melbourne ( 1853 ) , and the State Library of Victoria ( 1854 ) . He served as the first chancellor of the university until his death and was also president of the trustees of the State Library . He was the first President of the Ballarat School of Mines ( 1870 ) , which later became the Ballarat University and now Federation University Australia . Barry was the judge in the Eureka Stockade treason trials in the Supreme Court in 1855 . The thirteen miners were all acquitted . In 1857 , Barry conducted the inquest into the murder of Inspector-General John Giles Price , who was beaten to death by a group of at least 15 convicts during an inspection of the prison quarries in Williamstown , Victoria . Seven of the convicts involved in the attack on Price were found guilty , and sentenced to death by hanging . The seven men were executed at Melbourne Gaol within a three-day period from 28 to 30 April . He chaired the committee for the Victorian Intercolonial Exhibition in Melbourne , represented Victoria at the London International Exhibition of 1862 and at the Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876 . He was made a knight bachelor in 1860 , and was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) in 1877 . Kelly cases . In October 1878 , at Beechworth court , Barry presided over a case in which Mrs Ellen Kelly ( King ) and two men were accused of aiding and abetting the attempted murder of a Victoria Police constable named Alexander Fitzpatrick . After sentencing Mrs Kelly to three years with hard labour , Barry said , if your son Ned were here I would make an example of him for the whole of Australia – I would give him fifteen years . In 1880 , Barry presided at the final trial of Ned Kelly , who was tried and convicted of murdering three other Victoria Police constables . The trial and sentencing have since been the subject of many articles and books by lawyers and historians . When he sentenced Kelly to death by hanging , Barry uttered the customary words May God have mercy on your soul . According to the transcripts , Kelly replied I will go a little further than that , and say I will see you there when I go . On 23 November 1880 , only twelve days after Kellys execution , Sir Redmond Barry died from what the doctors described as congestion of the lungs and a carbuncle in the neck . Contribution to libraries . Barry laid the foundations of the Supreme Court Library ( Melbourne ) and was the prime mover establishing the Melbourne Public Library . As a legislator he promoted the Parliamentary Library . He organised the Governor , Sir Charles Hotham , to lay the foundation stones of University of Melbourne , Melbourne Public Library and Sunbury Industrial School [ later Sunbury Lunatic Asylum ] in 1854 – all on the same day . Sir Redmond Barry virtually single-handedly planned the Melbourne Public Library building and its contents . He had a hands-on approach personally writing book selection and acquisition procedures – even to getting his hands dirty shelving books for the Librarys 1856 opening . In 1862 and 1877-78 he went to Europe , England and America , purchasing books and pictures for University , Law and Public Libraries and Art Gallery . As Board of Trustees Chairman he was responsible for starting travelling libraries and supporting extended library hours . In September 1870 he acquired Marcus Clarke as Public Library Trustees clerk ( later secretary ) , who until his death in 1881 worked as sub-librarian . There can be fewer men with greater concern for and a greater and better vision for the young colonial society in which Redmond Barry made his life . Books and reading were intrinsic to Barrys own educational and intellectual development so he wanted these advantages for other people . The reason for his support of the Melbourne Public Library , the Law Library and his support of Mechanic Institutes was free access to libraries for all not just a select few . Personal life . Barry never married , but had four children to Louisa Barrow , all of whom he acknowledged and supported . in August 1841 , he was involved in a duel with pastoralist , Peter Snodgrass , whose pistol discharged prematurely . Barry then discharged his own pistol harmlessly into the air . Death . The Argus reported Sir Redmond Barry had been suffering from diabetes for about 10 years , but on his return from his trip to Europe and America it was apparent that the disease had affected his system . On Monday , 15 November , he was first troubled with the carbuncle on his neck . Sir Redmond was counselled by his medical adviser to at once rest from duty , but he was reluctant to do so , and continued to attend the court until he was compelled to take rest . He was constantly attended by Dr . Gunst , who however , could scarcely impress his patient with a sense of the very serious nature of his disease , which he regarded somewhat lightly . He became restless , and it was deemed advisable to place him under the constant care of a nurse . Despite the precautions , Barry caught cold through exposure , and congestion of the left lung set in . Dr . Gunst held a consultation with Dr . Teague , and pronounced the case hopeless . The left lung had become greatly congested , and this , together with the exhaustion and wasting away of the system resulting from the previous disease , proved fatal . Memorials and legacy . The State Library of Victoria has named a reading room after Sir Redmond Barry , who was the first Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Melbourne Public Library . The University of Melbourne of which he was the first Chancellor has a Redmond Barry building named for him . A plaque marking the location of Sir Redmond Barrys residence is located near the corner of Josephine Avenue and High Street Road in Mount Waverley . The University of Melbourne has also established the Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor , a title awarded to professors within the university who display outstanding research and leadership . The Australian Library and Information Associations highest honour that can be bestowed on an individual not eligible for membership of the association is the Redmond Barry Award , awarded in recognition of outstanding service to or promotion of a library and information service or libraries and information services , or to the theory or practice of library and information science , or an associated field . Portrayals in film . Barry has appeared as a character in three dramatizations of the Ned Kelly story : He appears in Tony Richardsons 1970 biopic about the bushranger , played by acting veteran Frank Thring . He has a prominent role in the 1977 television drama The Trial of Ned Kelly , where he was played by John Frawley . And he appeared in the 1980 miniseries The Last Outlaw , played by David Clendinning . Barry is also a minor character in Philippe Moras bushranging biopic Mad Dog Morgan , where he is played by Peter Collingwood .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Sir Redmond Barry , ( 7 June 181323 November 1880 ) , was a colonial judge in Victoria , Australia of Anglo-Irish origins . Barry was the inaugural Chancellor of the University of Melbourne , serving from 1853 until his death in 1880 . He is arguably best known for having sentenced Ned Kelly to death .",
"title": "Redmond Barry"
},
{
"text": "Barry was the third son of Major-General Henry Green Barry , of Ballyclough , Kilworth , County Cork , Ireland , and his wife Phoebe Drought , daughter of John Armstrong Drought and Letita Head . Barry had five brothers and six sisters and was educated at a military school , Hall Place , near Bexley , in Kent . Returning to Ireland in 1829 , he was unable to obtain a military commission so began his own further education . Following his own classics programme , translating classical authors into English verse , reading old and new writers ,",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "he gained a working knowledge of nearly every subject .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1832 , he entered Trinity College , Dublin , graduated in 1835 with the usual Bachelor of Arts degree , and was called to the bar in Dublin in 1838 . After his fathers death , Barry sailed for Sydney , capital of the British Colony of New South Wales . Life and work in Australia .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Barry arrived in New South Wales in April 1837 and was admitted to the New South Wales Bar . After two years in Sydney , Barry moved to Melbourne , a city with which he was ever afterwards closely identified , arriving at the new Port Phillip Settlement on 13 November 1839 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1841 , Barry served as the defence lawyer for Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner , two indigenous rebels on trial for murder . Barry questioned the legal basis of British authority over Aborigines who were not citizens and claimed that the evidence was dubious and circumstantial . Despite his best efforts , the two men were found guilty and subsequently hanged on 20 January 1842 , becoming the first people in Victoria to be legally executed .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "After practising his profession for some years , he became commissioner of the Court of Requests , and after the creation in 1851 of the colony of Victoria , out of the Port Phillip district of New South Wales , he became the first Solicitor-General of Victoria , with a seat in both the Legislative and Executive Councils . In 1852 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria . Later he also served as acting Chief Justice and Administrator of the government .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Barry was noted for his service to the community , and he convinced the state government to spend money on public works , particularly on education . He was instrumental in the foundation of the Royal Melbourne Hospital ( 1848 ) , the University of Melbourne ( 1853 ) , and the State Library of Victoria ( 1854 ) . He served as the first chancellor of the university until his death and was also president of the trustees of the State Library . He was the first President of the Ballarat School of Mines ( 1870 ) , which",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "later became the Ballarat University and now Federation University Australia .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Barry was the judge in the Eureka Stockade treason trials in the Supreme Court in 1855 . The thirteen miners were all acquitted .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1857 , Barry conducted the inquest into the murder of Inspector-General John Giles Price , who was beaten to death by a group of at least 15 convicts during an inspection of the prison quarries in Williamstown , Victoria . Seven of the convicts involved in the attack on Price were found guilty , and sentenced to death by hanging . The seven men were executed at Melbourne Gaol within a three-day period from 28 to 30 April .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He chaired the committee for the Victorian Intercolonial Exhibition in Melbourne , represented Victoria at the London International Exhibition of 1862 and at the Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876 . He was made a knight bachelor in 1860 , and was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) in 1877 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In October 1878 , at Beechworth court , Barry presided over a case in which Mrs Ellen Kelly ( King ) and two men were accused of aiding and abetting the attempted murder of a Victoria Police constable named Alexander Fitzpatrick . After sentencing Mrs Kelly to three years with hard labour , Barry said , if your son Ned were here I would make an example of him for the whole of Australia – I would give him fifteen years .",
"title": "Kelly cases"
},
{
"text": "In 1880 , Barry presided at the final trial of Ned Kelly , who was tried and convicted of murdering three other Victoria Police constables . The trial and sentencing have since been the subject of many articles and books by lawyers and historians . When he sentenced Kelly to death by hanging , Barry uttered the customary words May God have mercy on your soul . According to the transcripts , Kelly replied I will go a little further than that , and say I will see you there when I go . On 23 November 1880 , only",
"title": "Kelly cases"
},
{
"text": "twelve days after Kellys execution , Sir Redmond Barry died from what the doctors described as congestion of the lungs and a carbuncle in the neck .",
"title": "Kelly cases"
},
{
"text": " Barry laid the foundations of the Supreme Court Library ( Melbourne ) and was the prime mover establishing the Melbourne Public Library . As a legislator he promoted the Parliamentary Library . He organised the Governor , Sir Charles Hotham , to lay the foundation stones of University of Melbourne , Melbourne Public Library and Sunbury Industrial School [ later Sunbury Lunatic Asylum ] in 1854 – all on the same day .",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": "Sir Redmond Barry virtually single-handedly planned the Melbourne Public Library building and its contents . He had a hands-on approach personally writing book selection and acquisition procedures – even to getting his hands dirty shelving books for the Librarys 1856 opening . In 1862 and 1877-78 he went to Europe , England and America , purchasing books and pictures for University , Law and Public Libraries and Art Gallery . As Board of Trustees Chairman he was responsible for starting travelling libraries and supporting extended library hours . In September 1870 he acquired Marcus Clarke as Public Library Trustees clerk",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": "( later secretary ) , who until his death in 1881 worked as sub-librarian .",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": " There can be fewer men with greater concern for and a greater and better vision for the young colonial society in which Redmond Barry made his life . Books and reading were intrinsic to Barrys own educational and intellectual development so he wanted these advantages for other people . The reason for his support of the Melbourne Public Library , the Law Library and his support of Mechanic Institutes was free access to libraries for all not just a select few .",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": " Barry never married , but had four children to Louisa Barrow , all of whom he acknowledged and supported . in August 1841 , he was involved in a duel with pastoralist , Peter Snodgrass , whose pistol discharged prematurely . Barry then discharged his own pistol harmlessly into the air .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "The Argus reported Sir Redmond Barry had been suffering from diabetes for about 10 years , but on his return from his trip to Europe and America it was apparent that the disease had affected his system . On Monday , 15 November , he was first troubled with the carbuncle on his neck . Sir Redmond was counselled by his medical adviser to at once rest from duty , but he was reluctant to do so , and continued to attend the court until he was compelled to take rest . He was constantly attended by Dr . Gunst",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": ", who however , could scarcely impress his patient with a sense of the very serious nature of his disease , which he regarded somewhat lightly . He became restless , and it was deemed advisable to place him under the constant care of a nurse . Despite the precautions , Barry caught cold through exposure , and congestion of the left lung set in . Dr . Gunst held a consultation with Dr . Teague , and pronounced the case hopeless . The left lung had become greatly congested , and this , together with the exhaustion and wasting",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "away of the system resulting from the previous disease , proved fatal .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "The State Library of Victoria has named a reading room after Sir Redmond Barry , who was the first Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Melbourne Public Library . The University of Melbourne of which he was the first Chancellor has a Redmond Barry building named for him . A plaque marking the location of Sir Redmond Barrys residence is located near the corner of Josephine Avenue and High Street Road in Mount Waverley . The University of Melbourne has also established the Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor , a title awarded to professors within the university who display",
"title": "Memorials and legacy"
},
{
"text": "outstanding research and leadership .",
"title": "Memorials and legacy"
},
{
"text": " The Australian Library and Information Associations highest honour that can be bestowed on an individual not eligible for membership of the association is the Redmond Barry Award , awarded in recognition of outstanding service to or promotion of a library and information service or libraries and information services , or to the theory or practice of library and information science , or an associated field .",
"title": "Memorials and legacy"
},
{
"text": " Barry has appeared as a character in three dramatizations of the Ned Kelly story : He appears in Tony Richardsons 1970 biopic about the bushranger , played by acting veteran Frank Thring . He has a prominent role in the 1977 television drama The Trial of Ned Kelly , where he was played by John Frawley . And he appeared in the 1980 miniseries The Last Outlaw , played by David Clendinning . Barry is also a minor character in Philippe Moras bushranging biopic Mad Dog Morgan , where he is played by Peter Collingwood .",
"title": "Portrayals in film"
}
] |
/wiki/Redmond_Barry#P39#2
|
What was the position of Redmond Barry between Jun 1869 and Mar 1877?
|
Redmond Barry Sir Redmond Barry , ( 7 June 181323 November 1880 ) , was a colonial judge in Victoria , Australia of Anglo-Irish origins . Barry was the inaugural Chancellor of the University of Melbourne , serving from 1853 until his death in 1880 . He is arguably best known for having sentenced Ned Kelly to death . Early life . Barry was the third son of Major-General Henry Green Barry , of Ballyclough , Kilworth , County Cork , Ireland , and his wife Phoebe Drought , daughter of John Armstrong Drought and Letita Head . Barry had five brothers and six sisters and was educated at a military school , Hall Place , near Bexley , in Kent . Returning to Ireland in 1829 , he was unable to obtain a military commission so began his own further education . Following his own classics programme , translating classical authors into English verse , reading old and new writers , he gained a working knowledge of nearly every subject . In 1832 , he entered Trinity College , Dublin , graduated in 1835 with the usual Bachelor of Arts degree , and was called to the bar in Dublin in 1838 . After his fathers death , Barry sailed for Sydney , capital of the British Colony of New South Wales . Life and work in Australia . Barry arrived in New South Wales in April 1837 and was admitted to the New South Wales Bar . After two years in Sydney , Barry moved to Melbourne , a city with which he was ever afterwards closely identified , arriving at the new Port Phillip Settlement on 13 November 1839 . In 1841 , Barry served as the defence lawyer for Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner , two indigenous rebels on trial for murder . Barry questioned the legal basis of British authority over Aborigines who were not citizens and claimed that the evidence was dubious and circumstantial . Despite his best efforts , the two men were found guilty and subsequently hanged on 20 January 1842 , becoming the first people in Victoria to be legally executed . After practising his profession for some years , he became commissioner of the Court of Requests , and after the creation in 1851 of the colony of Victoria , out of the Port Phillip district of New South Wales , he became the first Solicitor-General of Victoria , with a seat in both the Legislative and Executive Councils . In 1852 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria . Later he also served as acting Chief Justice and Administrator of the government . Barry was noted for his service to the community , and he convinced the state government to spend money on public works , particularly on education . He was instrumental in the foundation of the Royal Melbourne Hospital ( 1848 ) , the University of Melbourne ( 1853 ) , and the State Library of Victoria ( 1854 ) . He served as the first chancellor of the university until his death and was also president of the trustees of the State Library . He was the first President of the Ballarat School of Mines ( 1870 ) , which later became the Ballarat University and now Federation University Australia . Barry was the judge in the Eureka Stockade treason trials in the Supreme Court in 1855 . The thirteen miners were all acquitted . In 1857 , Barry conducted the inquest into the murder of Inspector-General John Giles Price , who was beaten to death by a group of at least 15 convicts during an inspection of the prison quarries in Williamstown , Victoria . Seven of the convicts involved in the attack on Price were found guilty , and sentenced to death by hanging . The seven men were executed at Melbourne Gaol within a three-day period from 28 to 30 April . He chaired the committee for the Victorian Intercolonial Exhibition in Melbourne , represented Victoria at the London International Exhibition of 1862 and at the Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876 . He was made a knight bachelor in 1860 , and was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) in 1877 . Kelly cases . In October 1878 , at Beechworth court , Barry presided over a case in which Mrs Ellen Kelly ( King ) and two men were accused of aiding and abetting the attempted murder of a Victoria Police constable named Alexander Fitzpatrick . After sentencing Mrs Kelly to three years with hard labour , Barry said , if your son Ned were here I would make an example of him for the whole of Australia – I would give him fifteen years . In 1880 , Barry presided at the final trial of Ned Kelly , who was tried and convicted of murdering three other Victoria Police constables . The trial and sentencing have since been the subject of many articles and books by lawyers and historians . When he sentenced Kelly to death by hanging , Barry uttered the customary words May God have mercy on your soul . According to the transcripts , Kelly replied I will go a little further than that , and say I will see you there when I go . On 23 November 1880 , only twelve days after Kellys execution , Sir Redmond Barry died from what the doctors described as congestion of the lungs and a carbuncle in the neck . Contribution to libraries . Barry laid the foundations of the Supreme Court Library ( Melbourne ) and was the prime mover establishing the Melbourne Public Library . As a legislator he promoted the Parliamentary Library . He organised the Governor , Sir Charles Hotham , to lay the foundation stones of University of Melbourne , Melbourne Public Library and Sunbury Industrial School [ later Sunbury Lunatic Asylum ] in 1854 – all on the same day . Sir Redmond Barry virtually single-handedly planned the Melbourne Public Library building and its contents . He had a hands-on approach personally writing book selection and acquisition procedures – even to getting his hands dirty shelving books for the Librarys 1856 opening . In 1862 and 1877-78 he went to Europe , England and America , purchasing books and pictures for University , Law and Public Libraries and Art Gallery . As Board of Trustees Chairman he was responsible for starting travelling libraries and supporting extended library hours . In September 1870 he acquired Marcus Clarke as Public Library Trustees clerk ( later secretary ) , who until his death in 1881 worked as sub-librarian . There can be fewer men with greater concern for and a greater and better vision for the young colonial society in which Redmond Barry made his life . Books and reading were intrinsic to Barrys own educational and intellectual development so he wanted these advantages for other people . The reason for his support of the Melbourne Public Library , the Law Library and his support of Mechanic Institutes was free access to libraries for all not just a select few . Personal life . Barry never married , but had four children to Louisa Barrow , all of whom he acknowledged and supported . in August 1841 , he was involved in a duel with pastoralist , Peter Snodgrass , whose pistol discharged prematurely . Barry then discharged his own pistol harmlessly into the air . Death . The Argus reported Sir Redmond Barry had been suffering from diabetes for about 10 years , but on his return from his trip to Europe and America it was apparent that the disease had affected his system . On Monday , 15 November , he was first troubled with the carbuncle on his neck . Sir Redmond was counselled by his medical adviser to at once rest from duty , but he was reluctant to do so , and continued to attend the court until he was compelled to take rest . He was constantly attended by Dr . Gunst , who however , could scarcely impress his patient with a sense of the very serious nature of his disease , which he regarded somewhat lightly . He became restless , and it was deemed advisable to place him under the constant care of a nurse . Despite the precautions , Barry caught cold through exposure , and congestion of the left lung set in . Dr . Gunst held a consultation with Dr . Teague , and pronounced the case hopeless . The left lung had become greatly congested , and this , together with the exhaustion and wasting away of the system resulting from the previous disease , proved fatal . Memorials and legacy . The State Library of Victoria has named a reading room after Sir Redmond Barry , who was the first Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Melbourne Public Library . The University of Melbourne of which he was the first Chancellor has a Redmond Barry building named for him . A plaque marking the location of Sir Redmond Barrys residence is located near the corner of Josephine Avenue and High Street Road in Mount Waverley . The University of Melbourne has also established the Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor , a title awarded to professors within the university who display outstanding research and leadership . The Australian Library and Information Associations highest honour that can be bestowed on an individual not eligible for membership of the association is the Redmond Barry Award , awarded in recognition of outstanding service to or promotion of a library and information service or libraries and information services , or to the theory or practice of library and information science , or an associated field . Portrayals in film . Barry has appeared as a character in three dramatizations of the Ned Kelly story : He appears in Tony Richardsons 1970 biopic about the bushranger , played by acting veteran Frank Thring . He has a prominent role in the 1977 television drama The Trial of Ned Kelly , where he was played by John Frawley . And he appeared in the 1980 miniseries The Last Outlaw , played by David Clendinning . Barry is also a minor character in Philippe Moras bushranging biopic Mad Dog Morgan , where he is played by Peter Collingwood .
|
[
"Chancellor of the University of Melbourne"
] |
[
{
"text": " Sir Redmond Barry , ( 7 June 181323 November 1880 ) , was a colonial judge in Victoria , Australia of Anglo-Irish origins . Barry was the inaugural Chancellor of the University of Melbourne , serving from 1853 until his death in 1880 . He is arguably best known for having sentenced Ned Kelly to death .",
"title": "Redmond Barry"
},
{
"text": "Barry was the third son of Major-General Henry Green Barry , of Ballyclough , Kilworth , County Cork , Ireland , and his wife Phoebe Drought , daughter of John Armstrong Drought and Letita Head . Barry had five brothers and six sisters and was educated at a military school , Hall Place , near Bexley , in Kent . Returning to Ireland in 1829 , he was unable to obtain a military commission so began his own further education . Following his own classics programme , translating classical authors into English verse , reading old and new writers ,",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "he gained a working knowledge of nearly every subject .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1832 , he entered Trinity College , Dublin , graduated in 1835 with the usual Bachelor of Arts degree , and was called to the bar in Dublin in 1838 . After his fathers death , Barry sailed for Sydney , capital of the British Colony of New South Wales . Life and work in Australia .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Barry arrived in New South Wales in April 1837 and was admitted to the New South Wales Bar . After two years in Sydney , Barry moved to Melbourne , a city with which he was ever afterwards closely identified , arriving at the new Port Phillip Settlement on 13 November 1839 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1841 , Barry served as the defence lawyer for Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner , two indigenous rebels on trial for murder . Barry questioned the legal basis of British authority over Aborigines who were not citizens and claimed that the evidence was dubious and circumstantial . Despite his best efforts , the two men were found guilty and subsequently hanged on 20 January 1842 , becoming the first people in Victoria to be legally executed .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "After practising his profession for some years , he became commissioner of the Court of Requests , and after the creation in 1851 of the colony of Victoria , out of the Port Phillip district of New South Wales , he became the first Solicitor-General of Victoria , with a seat in both the Legislative and Executive Councils . In 1852 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria . Later he also served as acting Chief Justice and Administrator of the government .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Barry was noted for his service to the community , and he convinced the state government to spend money on public works , particularly on education . He was instrumental in the foundation of the Royal Melbourne Hospital ( 1848 ) , the University of Melbourne ( 1853 ) , and the State Library of Victoria ( 1854 ) . He served as the first chancellor of the university until his death and was also president of the trustees of the State Library . He was the first President of the Ballarat School of Mines ( 1870 ) , which",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "later became the Ballarat University and now Federation University Australia .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Barry was the judge in the Eureka Stockade treason trials in the Supreme Court in 1855 . The thirteen miners were all acquitted .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1857 , Barry conducted the inquest into the murder of Inspector-General John Giles Price , who was beaten to death by a group of at least 15 convicts during an inspection of the prison quarries in Williamstown , Victoria . Seven of the convicts involved in the attack on Price were found guilty , and sentenced to death by hanging . The seven men were executed at Melbourne Gaol within a three-day period from 28 to 30 April .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He chaired the committee for the Victorian Intercolonial Exhibition in Melbourne , represented Victoria at the London International Exhibition of 1862 and at the Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876 . He was made a knight bachelor in 1860 , and was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) in 1877 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In October 1878 , at Beechworth court , Barry presided over a case in which Mrs Ellen Kelly ( King ) and two men were accused of aiding and abetting the attempted murder of a Victoria Police constable named Alexander Fitzpatrick . After sentencing Mrs Kelly to three years with hard labour , Barry said , if your son Ned were here I would make an example of him for the whole of Australia – I would give him fifteen years .",
"title": "Kelly cases"
},
{
"text": "In 1880 , Barry presided at the final trial of Ned Kelly , who was tried and convicted of murdering three other Victoria Police constables . The trial and sentencing have since been the subject of many articles and books by lawyers and historians . When he sentenced Kelly to death by hanging , Barry uttered the customary words May God have mercy on your soul . According to the transcripts , Kelly replied I will go a little further than that , and say I will see you there when I go . On 23 November 1880 , only",
"title": "Kelly cases"
},
{
"text": "twelve days after Kellys execution , Sir Redmond Barry died from what the doctors described as congestion of the lungs and a carbuncle in the neck .",
"title": "Kelly cases"
},
{
"text": " Barry laid the foundations of the Supreme Court Library ( Melbourne ) and was the prime mover establishing the Melbourne Public Library . As a legislator he promoted the Parliamentary Library . He organised the Governor , Sir Charles Hotham , to lay the foundation stones of University of Melbourne , Melbourne Public Library and Sunbury Industrial School [ later Sunbury Lunatic Asylum ] in 1854 – all on the same day .",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": "Sir Redmond Barry virtually single-handedly planned the Melbourne Public Library building and its contents . He had a hands-on approach personally writing book selection and acquisition procedures – even to getting his hands dirty shelving books for the Librarys 1856 opening . In 1862 and 1877-78 he went to Europe , England and America , purchasing books and pictures for University , Law and Public Libraries and Art Gallery . As Board of Trustees Chairman he was responsible for starting travelling libraries and supporting extended library hours . In September 1870 he acquired Marcus Clarke as Public Library Trustees clerk",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": "( later secretary ) , who until his death in 1881 worked as sub-librarian .",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": " There can be fewer men with greater concern for and a greater and better vision for the young colonial society in which Redmond Barry made his life . Books and reading were intrinsic to Barrys own educational and intellectual development so he wanted these advantages for other people . The reason for his support of the Melbourne Public Library , the Law Library and his support of Mechanic Institutes was free access to libraries for all not just a select few .",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": " Barry never married , but had four children to Louisa Barrow , all of whom he acknowledged and supported . in August 1841 , he was involved in a duel with pastoralist , Peter Snodgrass , whose pistol discharged prematurely . Barry then discharged his own pistol harmlessly into the air .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "The Argus reported Sir Redmond Barry had been suffering from diabetes for about 10 years , but on his return from his trip to Europe and America it was apparent that the disease had affected his system . On Monday , 15 November , he was first troubled with the carbuncle on his neck . Sir Redmond was counselled by his medical adviser to at once rest from duty , but he was reluctant to do so , and continued to attend the court until he was compelled to take rest . He was constantly attended by Dr . Gunst",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": ", who however , could scarcely impress his patient with a sense of the very serious nature of his disease , which he regarded somewhat lightly . He became restless , and it was deemed advisable to place him under the constant care of a nurse . Despite the precautions , Barry caught cold through exposure , and congestion of the left lung set in . Dr . Gunst held a consultation with Dr . Teague , and pronounced the case hopeless . The left lung had become greatly congested , and this , together with the exhaustion and wasting",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "away of the system resulting from the previous disease , proved fatal .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "The State Library of Victoria has named a reading room after Sir Redmond Barry , who was the first Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Melbourne Public Library . The University of Melbourne of which he was the first Chancellor has a Redmond Barry building named for him . A plaque marking the location of Sir Redmond Barrys residence is located near the corner of Josephine Avenue and High Street Road in Mount Waverley . The University of Melbourne has also established the Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor , a title awarded to professors within the university who display",
"title": "Memorials and legacy"
},
{
"text": "outstanding research and leadership .",
"title": "Memorials and legacy"
},
{
"text": " The Australian Library and Information Associations highest honour that can be bestowed on an individual not eligible for membership of the association is the Redmond Barry Award , awarded in recognition of outstanding service to or promotion of a library and information service or libraries and information services , or to the theory or practice of library and information science , or an associated field .",
"title": "Memorials and legacy"
},
{
"text": " Barry has appeared as a character in three dramatizations of the Ned Kelly story : He appears in Tony Richardsons 1970 biopic about the bushranger , played by acting veteran Frank Thring . He has a prominent role in the 1977 television drama The Trial of Ned Kelly , where he was played by John Frawley . And he appeared in the 1980 miniseries The Last Outlaw , played by David Clendinning . Barry is also a minor character in Philippe Moras bushranging biopic Mad Dog Morgan , where he is played by Peter Collingwood .",
"title": "Portrayals in film"
}
] |
/wiki/Redmond_Barry#P39#3
|
What was the position of Redmond Barry between May 1880 and Sep 1880?
|
Redmond Barry Sir Redmond Barry , ( 7 June 181323 November 1880 ) , was a colonial judge in Victoria , Australia of Anglo-Irish origins . Barry was the inaugural Chancellor of the University of Melbourne , serving from 1853 until his death in 1880 . He is arguably best known for having sentenced Ned Kelly to death . Early life . Barry was the third son of Major-General Henry Green Barry , of Ballyclough , Kilworth , County Cork , Ireland , and his wife Phoebe Drought , daughter of John Armstrong Drought and Letita Head . Barry had five brothers and six sisters and was educated at a military school , Hall Place , near Bexley , in Kent . Returning to Ireland in 1829 , he was unable to obtain a military commission so began his own further education . Following his own classics programme , translating classical authors into English verse , reading old and new writers , he gained a working knowledge of nearly every subject . In 1832 , he entered Trinity College , Dublin , graduated in 1835 with the usual Bachelor of Arts degree , and was called to the bar in Dublin in 1838 . After his fathers death , Barry sailed for Sydney , capital of the British Colony of New South Wales . Life and work in Australia . Barry arrived in New South Wales in April 1837 and was admitted to the New South Wales Bar . After two years in Sydney , Barry moved to Melbourne , a city with which he was ever afterwards closely identified , arriving at the new Port Phillip Settlement on 13 November 1839 . In 1841 , Barry served as the defence lawyer for Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner , two indigenous rebels on trial for murder . Barry questioned the legal basis of British authority over Aborigines who were not citizens and claimed that the evidence was dubious and circumstantial . Despite his best efforts , the two men were found guilty and subsequently hanged on 20 January 1842 , becoming the first people in Victoria to be legally executed . After practising his profession for some years , he became commissioner of the Court of Requests , and after the creation in 1851 of the colony of Victoria , out of the Port Phillip district of New South Wales , he became the first Solicitor-General of Victoria , with a seat in both the Legislative and Executive Councils . In 1852 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria . Later he also served as acting Chief Justice and Administrator of the government . Barry was noted for his service to the community , and he convinced the state government to spend money on public works , particularly on education . He was instrumental in the foundation of the Royal Melbourne Hospital ( 1848 ) , the University of Melbourne ( 1853 ) , and the State Library of Victoria ( 1854 ) . He served as the first chancellor of the university until his death and was also president of the trustees of the State Library . He was the first President of the Ballarat School of Mines ( 1870 ) , which later became the Ballarat University and now Federation University Australia . Barry was the judge in the Eureka Stockade treason trials in the Supreme Court in 1855 . The thirteen miners were all acquitted . In 1857 , Barry conducted the inquest into the murder of Inspector-General John Giles Price , who was beaten to death by a group of at least 15 convicts during an inspection of the prison quarries in Williamstown , Victoria . Seven of the convicts involved in the attack on Price were found guilty , and sentenced to death by hanging . The seven men were executed at Melbourne Gaol within a three-day period from 28 to 30 April . He chaired the committee for the Victorian Intercolonial Exhibition in Melbourne , represented Victoria at the London International Exhibition of 1862 and at the Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876 . He was made a knight bachelor in 1860 , and was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) in 1877 . Kelly cases . In October 1878 , at Beechworth court , Barry presided over a case in which Mrs Ellen Kelly ( King ) and two men were accused of aiding and abetting the attempted murder of a Victoria Police constable named Alexander Fitzpatrick . After sentencing Mrs Kelly to three years with hard labour , Barry said , if your son Ned were here I would make an example of him for the whole of Australia – I would give him fifteen years . In 1880 , Barry presided at the final trial of Ned Kelly , who was tried and convicted of murdering three other Victoria Police constables . The trial and sentencing have since been the subject of many articles and books by lawyers and historians . When he sentenced Kelly to death by hanging , Barry uttered the customary words May God have mercy on your soul . According to the transcripts , Kelly replied I will go a little further than that , and say I will see you there when I go . On 23 November 1880 , only twelve days after Kellys execution , Sir Redmond Barry died from what the doctors described as congestion of the lungs and a carbuncle in the neck . Contribution to libraries . Barry laid the foundations of the Supreme Court Library ( Melbourne ) and was the prime mover establishing the Melbourne Public Library . As a legislator he promoted the Parliamentary Library . He organised the Governor , Sir Charles Hotham , to lay the foundation stones of University of Melbourne , Melbourne Public Library and Sunbury Industrial School [ later Sunbury Lunatic Asylum ] in 1854 – all on the same day . Sir Redmond Barry virtually single-handedly planned the Melbourne Public Library building and its contents . He had a hands-on approach personally writing book selection and acquisition procedures – even to getting his hands dirty shelving books for the Librarys 1856 opening . In 1862 and 1877-78 he went to Europe , England and America , purchasing books and pictures for University , Law and Public Libraries and Art Gallery . As Board of Trustees Chairman he was responsible for starting travelling libraries and supporting extended library hours . In September 1870 he acquired Marcus Clarke as Public Library Trustees clerk ( later secretary ) , who until his death in 1881 worked as sub-librarian . There can be fewer men with greater concern for and a greater and better vision for the young colonial society in which Redmond Barry made his life . Books and reading were intrinsic to Barrys own educational and intellectual development so he wanted these advantages for other people . The reason for his support of the Melbourne Public Library , the Law Library and his support of Mechanic Institutes was free access to libraries for all not just a select few . Personal life . Barry never married , but had four children to Louisa Barrow , all of whom he acknowledged and supported . in August 1841 , he was involved in a duel with pastoralist , Peter Snodgrass , whose pistol discharged prematurely . Barry then discharged his own pistol harmlessly into the air . Death . The Argus reported Sir Redmond Barry had been suffering from diabetes for about 10 years , but on his return from his trip to Europe and America it was apparent that the disease had affected his system . On Monday , 15 November , he was first troubled with the carbuncle on his neck . Sir Redmond was counselled by his medical adviser to at once rest from duty , but he was reluctant to do so , and continued to attend the court until he was compelled to take rest . He was constantly attended by Dr . Gunst , who however , could scarcely impress his patient with a sense of the very serious nature of his disease , which he regarded somewhat lightly . He became restless , and it was deemed advisable to place him under the constant care of a nurse . Despite the precautions , Barry caught cold through exposure , and congestion of the left lung set in . Dr . Gunst held a consultation with Dr . Teague , and pronounced the case hopeless . The left lung had become greatly congested , and this , together with the exhaustion and wasting away of the system resulting from the previous disease , proved fatal . Memorials and legacy . The State Library of Victoria has named a reading room after Sir Redmond Barry , who was the first Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Melbourne Public Library . The University of Melbourne of which he was the first Chancellor has a Redmond Barry building named for him . A plaque marking the location of Sir Redmond Barrys residence is located near the corner of Josephine Avenue and High Street Road in Mount Waverley . The University of Melbourne has also established the Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor , a title awarded to professors within the university who display outstanding research and leadership . The Australian Library and Information Associations highest honour that can be bestowed on an individual not eligible for membership of the association is the Redmond Barry Award , awarded in recognition of outstanding service to or promotion of a library and information service or libraries and information services , or to the theory or practice of library and information science , or an associated field . Portrayals in film . Barry has appeared as a character in three dramatizations of the Ned Kelly story : He appears in Tony Richardsons 1970 biopic about the bushranger , played by acting veteran Frank Thring . He has a prominent role in the 1977 television drama The Trial of Ned Kelly , where he was played by John Frawley . And he appeared in the 1980 miniseries The Last Outlaw , played by David Clendinning . Barry is also a minor character in Philippe Moras bushranging biopic Mad Dog Morgan , where he is played by Peter Collingwood .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Sir Redmond Barry , ( 7 June 181323 November 1880 ) , was a colonial judge in Victoria , Australia of Anglo-Irish origins . Barry was the inaugural Chancellor of the University of Melbourne , serving from 1853 until his death in 1880 . He is arguably best known for having sentenced Ned Kelly to death .",
"title": "Redmond Barry"
},
{
"text": "Barry was the third son of Major-General Henry Green Barry , of Ballyclough , Kilworth , County Cork , Ireland , and his wife Phoebe Drought , daughter of John Armstrong Drought and Letita Head . Barry had five brothers and six sisters and was educated at a military school , Hall Place , near Bexley , in Kent . Returning to Ireland in 1829 , he was unable to obtain a military commission so began his own further education . Following his own classics programme , translating classical authors into English verse , reading old and new writers ,",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "he gained a working knowledge of nearly every subject .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1832 , he entered Trinity College , Dublin , graduated in 1835 with the usual Bachelor of Arts degree , and was called to the bar in Dublin in 1838 . After his fathers death , Barry sailed for Sydney , capital of the British Colony of New South Wales . Life and work in Australia .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Barry arrived in New South Wales in April 1837 and was admitted to the New South Wales Bar . After two years in Sydney , Barry moved to Melbourne , a city with which he was ever afterwards closely identified , arriving at the new Port Phillip Settlement on 13 November 1839 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In 1841 , Barry served as the defence lawyer for Tunnerminnerwait and Maulboyheenner , two indigenous rebels on trial for murder . Barry questioned the legal basis of British authority over Aborigines who were not citizens and claimed that the evidence was dubious and circumstantial . Despite his best efforts , the two men were found guilty and subsequently hanged on 20 January 1842 , becoming the first people in Victoria to be legally executed .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "After practising his profession for some years , he became commissioner of the Court of Requests , and after the creation in 1851 of the colony of Victoria , out of the Port Phillip district of New South Wales , he became the first Solicitor-General of Victoria , with a seat in both the Legislative and Executive Councils . In 1852 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria . Later he also served as acting Chief Justice and Administrator of the government .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Barry was noted for his service to the community , and he convinced the state government to spend money on public works , particularly on education . He was instrumental in the foundation of the Royal Melbourne Hospital ( 1848 ) , the University of Melbourne ( 1853 ) , and the State Library of Victoria ( 1854 ) . He served as the first chancellor of the university until his death and was also president of the trustees of the State Library . He was the first President of the Ballarat School of Mines ( 1870 ) , which",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "later became the Ballarat University and now Federation University Australia .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " Barry was the judge in the Eureka Stockade treason trials in the Supreme Court in 1855 . The thirteen miners were all acquitted .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1857 , Barry conducted the inquest into the murder of Inspector-General John Giles Price , who was beaten to death by a group of at least 15 convicts during an inspection of the prison quarries in Williamstown , Victoria . Seven of the convicts involved in the attack on Price were found guilty , and sentenced to death by hanging . The seven men were executed at Melbourne Gaol within a three-day period from 28 to 30 April .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " He chaired the committee for the Victorian Intercolonial Exhibition in Melbourne , represented Victoria at the London International Exhibition of 1862 and at the Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876 . He was made a knight bachelor in 1860 , and was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ( KCMG ) in 1877 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " In October 1878 , at Beechworth court , Barry presided over a case in which Mrs Ellen Kelly ( King ) and two men were accused of aiding and abetting the attempted murder of a Victoria Police constable named Alexander Fitzpatrick . After sentencing Mrs Kelly to three years with hard labour , Barry said , if your son Ned were here I would make an example of him for the whole of Australia – I would give him fifteen years .",
"title": "Kelly cases"
},
{
"text": "In 1880 , Barry presided at the final trial of Ned Kelly , who was tried and convicted of murdering three other Victoria Police constables . The trial and sentencing have since been the subject of many articles and books by lawyers and historians . When he sentenced Kelly to death by hanging , Barry uttered the customary words May God have mercy on your soul . According to the transcripts , Kelly replied I will go a little further than that , and say I will see you there when I go . On 23 November 1880 , only",
"title": "Kelly cases"
},
{
"text": "twelve days after Kellys execution , Sir Redmond Barry died from what the doctors described as congestion of the lungs and a carbuncle in the neck .",
"title": "Kelly cases"
},
{
"text": " Barry laid the foundations of the Supreme Court Library ( Melbourne ) and was the prime mover establishing the Melbourne Public Library . As a legislator he promoted the Parliamentary Library . He organised the Governor , Sir Charles Hotham , to lay the foundation stones of University of Melbourne , Melbourne Public Library and Sunbury Industrial School [ later Sunbury Lunatic Asylum ] in 1854 – all on the same day .",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": "Sir Redmond Barry virtually single-handedly planned the Melbourne Public Library building and its contents . He had a hands-on approach personally writing book selection and acquisition procedures – even to getting his hands dirty shelving books for the Librarys 1856 opening . In 1862 and 1877-78 he went to Europe , England and America , purchasing books and pictures for University , Law and Public Libraries and Art Gallery . As Board of Trustees Chairman he was responsible for starting travelling libraries and supporting extended library hours . In September 1870 he acquired Marcus Clarke as Public Library Trustees clerk",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": "( later secretary ) , who until his death in 1881 worked as sub-librarian .",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": " There can be fewer men with greater concern for and a greater and better vision for the young colonial society in which Redmond Barry made his life . Books and reading were intrinsic to Barrys own educational and intellectual development so he wanted these advantages for other people . The reason for his support of the Melbourne Public Library , the Law Library and his support of Mechanic Institutes was free access to libraries for all not just a select few .",
"title": "Contribution to libraries"
},
{
"text": " Barry never married , but had four children to Louisa Barrow , all of whom he acknowledged and supported . in August 1841 , he was involved in a duel with pastoralist , Peter Snodgrass , whose pistol discharged prematurely . Barry then discharged his own pistol harmlessly into the air .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "The Argus reported Sir Redmond Barry had been suffering from diabetes for about 10 years , but on his return from his trip to Europe and America it was apparent that the disease had affected his system . On Monday , 15 November , he was first troubled with the carbuncle on his neck . Sir Redmond was counselled by his medical adviser to at once rest from duty , but he was reluctant to do so , and continued to attend the court until he was compelled to take rest . He was constantly attended by Dr . Gunst",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": ", who however , could scarcely impress his patient with a sense of the very serious nature of his disease , which he regarded somewhat lightly . He became restless , and it was deemed advisable to place him under the constant care of a nurse . Despite the precautions , Barry caught cold through exposure , and congestion of the left lung set in . Dr . Gunst held a consultation with Dr . Teague , and pronounced the case hopeless . The left lung had become greatly congested , and this , together with the exhaustion and wasting",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "away of the system resulting from the previous disease , proved fatal .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": "The State Library of Victoria has named a reading room after Sir Redmond Barry , who was the first Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Melbourne Public Library . The University of Melbourne of which he was the first Chancellor has a Redmond Barry building named for him . A plaque marking the location of Sir Redmond Barrys residence is located near the corner of Josephine Avenue and High Street Road in Mount Waverley . The University of Melbourne has also established the Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor , a title awarded to professors within the university who display",
"title": "Memorials and legacy"
},
{
"text": "outstanding research and leadership .",
"title": "Memorials and legacy"
},
{
"text": " The Australian Library and Information Associations highest honour that can be bestowed on an individual not eligible for membership of the association is the Redmond Barry Award , awarded in recognition of outstanding service to or promotion of a library and information service or libraries and information services , or to the theory or practice of library and information science , or an associated field .",
"title": "Memorials and legacy"
},
{
"text": " Barry has appeared as a character in three dramatizations of the Ned Kelly story : He appears in Tony Richardsons 1970 biopic about the bushranger , played by acting veteran Frank Thring . He has a prominent role in the 1977 television drama The Trial of Ned Kelly , where he was played by John Frawley . And he appeared in the 1980 miniseries The Last Outlaw , played by David Clendinning . Barry is also a minor character in Philippe Moras bushranging biopic Mad Dog Morgan , where he is played by Peter Collingwood .",
"title": "Portrayals in film"
}
] |
/wiki/Drax_Power_Station#P127#0
|
Who was the owner of Drax Power Station in late 1970s?
|
Drax Power Station Drax power station is a large biomass and coal-fired power station in North Yorkshire , England , capable of co-firing petcoke . It has a 2.6 GW capacity for biomass and 1.29 GW capacity for coal . Its name comes from the nearby village of Drax . It is situated on the River Ouse between Selby and Goole . Its generating capacity of 3,906 megawatts ( MW ) is the highest of any power station in the United Kingdom , providing about 6% of the United Kingdoms electricity supply . Opened in 1974 and extended in the 1980s , the station was initially operated by the Central Electricity Generating Board . Since privatisation in 1990 ownership has changed several times , and it is operated by the Drax Group . Completed in 1986 , it is the newest coal-fired power station in England . Flue gas desulphurisation equipment was fitted between 1988 and 1995 . The high and low pressure turbines were replaced between 2007 and 2012 . By 2010 , the station was co-firing biomass . In 2012 , the company announced plans to convert three generating units to solely biomass , burning 7.5 million tonnes imported from the United States and Canada . This work was completed in 2016 and a further fourth unit was converted in 2018 . The company now plans to convert its remaining two coal units to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine units and 200 MW battery storage . In February 2020 it was announced that Drax would stop burning coal by early 2021 , in accordance with the governments 2025 deadline to ban all coal-fired electricity in the United Kingdom . History . Drax was initially conceived by the Central Electricity Generating Board ( CEGB ) in 1962 as the countrys largest power station thus far , at about 3,000 MW . Subsequently , it was decided to use this opportunity as their first station to use the 660 MW turbogenerator sets which were planned to become the new standard , so the planning consents were revised to about 4,000 MW . Following the Selby Coalfield discovery in 1967 the Board would build three large power stations to use its coal . These were an expansion of the station at Ferrybridge , a new station at Eggborough , and the largest being Drax . Construction . Authority to carry out preparatory works was granted in December 1964 , leading to full permission in March 1966 , on the basis that the station would be designed to accommodate six 660 MW units , but that only the first three be proceeded with for the time being . Ground work for these three units , known at the time as Drax First Half , started in 1967 . Two units were synchronised to the grid in 1973 , and the third in 1974 . Although authorised , the second half of the project – known as Drax Completion – was deferred , because during the projects gestation the Boards energy mix policy shifted to working towards a majority nuclear system . The Board decided in 1977 that construction of the final three units would commence in 1979 with the target of commissioning in 1985/6 , as part of meeting load growth with an adjusted mix policy aiming for a balance of coal , nuclear , and oil . However , later that year in July , the Government requested that Drax Completion proceed immediately , ahead of requirements , in order to secure jobs in the North Easts heavy manufacturing industries . The Board agreed to this subject to being compensated . The architects were Jeff King and Dennis Merritt of Clifford , Tee and Gale . The architectural critic Reyner Banham was scathing of the design : less a brick cathedral than a concrete bunker.. . obsession with ribbed surfaces and forceful projections that have their origins in brutalism . Costain constructed the foundations and cable tunnels ; Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd . laid the roads and built the ancillary buildings ; Mowlem laid the deep foundations ; Alfred McAlpine built the administration and control buildings ; Balfour Beatty undertook general building works ; and James Scott installed cabling . Tarmac Construction undertook the civil engineering works ; Holst Civil Engineers built the chimney ; Bierrum & Partners built the cooling towers ; N.G . Bailey installed cabling ; Reyrolle , English Electric and South Wales Switchgear produced and installed the switchgear ; English Electric manufactured the generator cooling water pumps ; T.W . Broadbent maintained the temporary electrical supplies ; and Sulzer Brothers manufactured the boiler feed pumps . In both phases the boilers were made by Babcock Power Ltd and the generators by C . A . Parsons and Company . Due to the project being split into two phases , it was decided for efficiency to design each phase as mirror image halves of one complete station with only the handful of items the whole site would share ( such as the flue stack and coal handling area ) needing to be built in First Half . This concept extended to seeking the same contractors and suppliers who worked on First Half for Completion . Unfortunately due to the decade timespan between comparable works on the two phases several manufacturers that had supplied First Half had merged or ceased trading . This , combined with changes in legislation , meant numerous components and equipment ranges used for First Half were either no longer available for Completion or had significantly changed . Separately , operating experience over that timespan had led to design improvements in equipment and plant specified by the Board , leading to a few significant areas of the design of Completion being altered . The second phase was completed in 1986 . Construction of the power station entailed the demolition of a farm known as Wood House . Mitsui Babcock fitted flue-gas desulphurisation ( FGD ) equipment between 1988 and 1995 . Post-privatisation . On privatisation of the CEGB in 1990 , the station was transferred from the CEGB to the privatised generating company National Power , which sold it to the AES Corporation in November 1999 for £1.87 billion ( US$3 billion ) . AES relinquished ownership in August 2003 , after falling into £1.3 billion of debt . Independent directors continued the operation to ensure security of supply . In December 2005 , after refinancing , ownership passed to the Drax Group . Separate acquisition offers from International Power , private equity group Texas Pacific , and a private equity backed bid from Constellation Energy were rejected for undervaluing the company . The companys valuation subsequently increased to 2005 as a result of rising electricity prices , and on 15 December 2005 Drax Group plc floated its shares on the London Stock Exchange , issuing £400 million worth of shares , on a valuation of £2.6 billion . In 2009 , Drax Group submitted a planning application for the 300 MW biomass Ouse Renewable Energy Plant next to the power station . Government approval was obtained in mid 2011 . In February 2012 the company ceased planning development of the plant , citing logistics costs , and uncertainty concerning government financial support for biomass . Carbon capture and storage . In 2006 Drax Power Limited , in response to a government consultation , stated they were sponsoring development studies into carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) , but noted that it was not then commercially viable , with costs comparable with nuclear or offshore wind power . On 17 June 2009 , Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Ed Miliband announced plans that would require all UK coal-fired power stations to be fitted with CCS technology by the early 2020s or face closure . In 2012 a CCS project at Drax was shortlisted for government funding . In 2013 the White Rose Carbon Capture and Storage project ( formerly the UK OXY CCS project ) was shortlisted for the UK governments CCS scheme and in late 2013 was awarded a two-year FEED contract ( Front End Engineering Design ) for the CCS project . As of June 2014 , Drax is engaged in a joint venture with Alstom and BOC to build a 626 MW oxygen-fuelled combustion power station adjacent to the existing Drax site . National Grid would simultaneously construct a pipeline to transport to the Yorkshire coast for sequestration . In July 2014 the project was awarded €300 million funding from the European Commission . In September 2015 Drax announced it would not be making any further investments into the CCS scheme after completion of the feasibility study because negative changes to government support for renewable energy had made the project too financially risky , plus drops in the companys share price due to the same uncertainty had reduced Draxs ability to raise funds . Front End Engineering Design was expected to continue under Alstom and BOC with the project still being hosted at Drax . In late 2015 the UK Government withdrew its potential financial support for CCS projects – up to £1 billion of funding , reversing support promised in the governing partys 2015 election manifesto . As a result , Leigh Hackett , CEO of Capture Power stated that [ I ] t is difficult to imagine its continuation in the absence of crucial government support . In May 2018 , Drax announced a new carbon capture and storage pilot scheme that it would undertake in conjunction with the Leeds-based firm , C-Capture . The focus of this pilot will be on capturing carbon post combustion from the biomass burners as opposed to the coal burners . Drax will invest £400,000 into the project . The company , C-Capture , is a side company of the Department of Chemistry established at the University of Leeds . This would yield about of CO2 stored per day from the process , which could be sold on for use in the drinks industry . The pilot scheme was launched in February 2019 . The capture of carbon from biomas burners is known as Bio Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage ( BECCS ) . Drax Repower . Drax Repower is a proposal to modify units 5 and 6 at Drax power station by installing combined cycle gas turbines . Waste heat from the gas turbines will pass to heat recovery steam generators which will generate steam for the existing steam turbines in the respective units . The repowered units are expected to have a total electrical output of 3.6 gigawatts . There is also a proposal to construct two battery storage facilities of 100 MW ( sic ) each . Statutory consultation on the project took place in January and February 2018 . Design and specification . The main buildings are of steel frame and metal clad construction . The main features are a turbine hall , a boiler house , a chimney and 12 cooling towers . The boiler house is high , and the turbine hall is long . The chimney stands high , with an overall diameter of , and weighs 44,000 tonnes . It consists of three elliptical flues of reinforced concrete , each serving two of the six boilers , set within a cylindrical wind shield , also of reinforced concrete . The top most elements , the 3 cap rings of the flues which extend above the wind shield , are of cast iron . When finished , the chimney was the largest industrial chimney in the world , and is still the tallest in the United Kingdom . The chimneys dimensions , including the height , were dictated by a design total capacity of 5,100 m/s of gases at 26 m/s . As the station was designed and constructed prior to the CEGBs commitment to Flue Gas Desulpurisation , extensive measures were made to limit acid attack from sulphurous condensate , namely the lining of the flues with a fluoroelastomer , and coating of the upper 29.0m of the external surfaces with a mix of acid-resisting tiles and said fluoroelastomer . The twelve high natural draft cooling towers stand in two groups of six to the north and south of the station . They are made of reinforced concrete , in the typical hyperboloid design , and each have a base diameter of . Other facilities include a coal storage area , FGD plant and gypsum handling facilities . The station is the third largest coal-fired power station in Europe , after Bełchatów Power Station in Poland , and Neurath Power Station in Germany . It produces around 24 terawatt hours ( TWh ) ( 86.4 petajoules ) of electricity annually . Although it generates around 1,500,000 tonnes of ash and 22,800,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide each year , it is the most carbon-efficient coal-fired power plant in the United Kingdom . The design life was set out in terms of number of start-ups and operating cycles , but with the presumption that the station would operate as a standard 2nd-tier ( nuclear stations being 1st-tier ) baseload generator in the pattern well established under the centralised state-owned electricity system , it was summarised as in the order of 40 years . The minimum requirement was for providing full load for weekdays , over a spell of 3 months with an availability over 85% . Weekend operations were expected to be between 50–100% of full power . Despite this intent for baseload operation , it was designed with a reasonable ability for load-following , being able to ramp up or down by 5% of full power per minute within the range of 50–100% of full power . Ouse jetty . The power station also has a jetty on the River Ouse , with a loading capacity of 200 tonnes- historically the jetty was built and used for the construction of the power station in the 1960s/70s – such as the delivery of equipment . In 2015 a planning application was submitted for the improvement of the jettys load capacity to 500 tonnes by White Rose CCS developer Capture Power Limited ( Drax/Alstom/BOC joint venture ) , for the construction of the CCS project . Fuel supply . The main transport route to the power station for fuel ( originally coal ) is train via a -long freight-only section of the former Hull and Barnsley Railway , from the Pontefract Line at Hensall Junction . A balloon loop rail layout is used so that wagons of coal do not need to be shunted after being unloaded . Merry-go-round trains are used , so that wagons can be unloaded without the train stopping as it passes through an unloading house . On average , there are 35 deliveries a day , 6 days a week . The power station also has a jetty ( see § Jetty ) – imports via the jetty ended c.1980 – in 2004 the jetty was trialled for the import of Tall Oil by barge . Coal supply . In its original form , the station had a maximum potential consumption of 36,000 tonnes of coal a day . In 2011 , it consumed 9.1 million tonnes of coal . This coal came from a mixture of both domestic and international sources , with domestic coal coming from mines in Yorkshire , the Midlands and Scotland , and foreign supplies coming from Australia , Colombia , Poland , Russia and South Africa . As of 2021 , all coal is sourced internationally . Fuel and other bulk commodities are supplied via a 6 mile branch line off the Wakefield and Goole railway line . Rail facilities include a west-facing junction on the Goole line , gross-weight and tare-weight weighbridges , limestone and gypsum handling facilities , including a handling building and control room for the FGD plant , FGD Sidings G and H , biomass offload ( Track A ) , coal offload ( Tracks A , B and C ) , bypass line ( Track D ) , oil siding ( Track E ) and ash loading ( Track F ) and an unloading building and control room . When the station opened , most of the coal burned was from local collieries in Yorkshire , including Kellingley Colliery , Prince of Wales , Ackton Hall , Sharlston Colliery , Fryston Colliery , Askern Colliery and Bentley Colliery . Following the miners strike in the mid-1980s , by 2006 , all but Kellingley had closed . ( Kellingley closed at the end of 2015. ) UK Coal had a five-year contract to supply coal , which ended at the end of 2009 , from Kellingley , Maltby and , until its closure in 2007 , Rossington . Coal was also brought from Harworth Colliery until it was mothballed , and was supplied by Daw Mill in Warwickshire . The foreign coal is brought via various ports by rail . In c.2007 GB Railfreight won a contract to move coal brought from the Port of Tyne , celebrated by the company naming one of their locomotives Drax Power Station in 2007 . DB Cargo UK haul coal from the nearby ports of Hull and Immingham , and from Hunterston Terminal on the west coast of Scotland . Freightliner Group move coal imported through Redcar . Biomass . Co-firing . The station tested co-firing biomass in the summer of 2004 , and in doing so was the first power station in the UK to be fuelled by wood . The initial trial of 14,100 tonnes of willow was locally sourced from nearby Eggborough . Since the trial , the stations use of biomass has continued . It uses direct injection for firing the biomass , whereby it bypasses the pulverising mills and is either injected directly into the boiler or the fuel line , for greater throughput . In 2009 a target was set for 12.5% of the stations energy to be sourced from biomass , and the shift to biomass was intended to contribute to the aim of cutting emissions by 15% . The station burns a large range of biomass , mostly wood pellets , sunflower pellets , olive , peanut shell husk and rape meal . The majority comes from overseas . A 100,000 tonne pa capacity straw pelletization facility was constructed at Capitol Park , Goole in 2008 , opened 2009 . Construction of specialised biomass handling facilities began in 2009 at the Port of Tyne and at Drax . Proposed new biomass plants . In the 2000s Drax Group applied for planning permission to build a new 300 MW power station , fuelled entirely by biomass , to the north of the station ; the Ouse Renewable Energy Plant was expected to burn 1,400,000 tonnes of biomass each year , saving 1,850,000 tonnes of emissions , and expected to create 850 construction jobs and 150 permanent jobs created once opened , through direct and contract employment . Plans were submitted to the Department of Energy and Climate Change in July 2009 for review ; if permission was granted , construction was scheduled begin in late 2010 and to take up to three and a half years . Two other 300 MW biomass plants were planned by Drax at the ports of Hull and Immingham . In 2012 Drax group abandoned plans for the discrete biomass plant development , due to changes in government subsidies for biomass energy production favouring plant conversions over newly built plants . It switched to a project to convert half of the units at its existing plant to biomass firing . Full firing with biomass . In September 2012 Drax Group announced the conversion to full firing with biomass of three of its six units . The first unit was scheduled to be online by June 2013 , the second unit in 2014 , and the third by 2017 ; initially a biomass supply had been secured for the first unit . The cost was estimated at £700 million ( $1.13 billion ) , including modifications to fuel mills and boilers and the construction of storage structures and conveyors for the wood pellet fuel . Each unit will consume about 2.3 million tonnes of biomass yearly , requiring an estimated annual total of 7.5 million tonnes in 2017 . This is equivalent to two-thirds of Europes entire energy biomass consumption in 2010 , and requires of forest to supply on a continuous basis . North America was expected to be the source of the vast majority of the biomass , although some would be domestically sourced willow and elephant grass . Drax Groups decision was enabled by a new UK government policy , effective in April 2013 , to award 1.0 tradable ROCs ( renewable obligation certificates ) per megawatt of power generation from coal power plants that are fully converted to burn biomass ; CEO Dorothy Thompson stated the company intended to become a predominately biomass-fuelled energy producer . By April 2013 financing for the scheme include £190 million through sale of shares , £100 million from Prudential/ M&G UK Companies Financing Fund , £50 million from the UK Green Investment Bank , and £75 million Friends Life ( underwritten by HM Treasury ) , as well as a £400 million credit facility . As of 2013 there were plans to install 1 million tonne per year wood pellets pelletizing plants at Morehouse Parish , Louisiana , and Gloster , Mississippi , which would be shipped by road and rail to the port of Baton Rouge , Louisiana then shipped in 50,000-tonne cargo ships to UK . In the financial report for 2013 , Drax announced that an additional 2 million tons pelletisation capacity was being considered , likely to be built in the US . In 2013 the company signed an agreement with ABP to develop handling facilities at the Port of Hull , Immingham and Grimsby ; construction of automated facilities began in 2013 , creating capacities of 3 and 1 million tonnes per year at the ports of Immingham and Hull respectively , adding to the 1.4 million tonne per year Port of Tyne biomass facility built in 2009 . In the same year a new design covered rail wagon with high volumetric capacity for transporting the low density biomass pellets was unveiled for use by Drax in the UK ; 200 wagons of the type were ordered . At Drax pellets would be stored in domes , and transferred by a conveyor system before grinding to dust for use . The Shepherd Building Group was contracted to construct the biomass handling and storage facilities at Drax , with RPS Group as the civil engineer . The design included automated rail to storage handling , screening and storage facilities consisting of four high by wide storage domes with a capacity of . The concrete dome technology was supplied by E & D Company , PLLC ( trading as Engineering System Solutions , ES2 ) and Dome Technology LLC . By July 2013 one firing unit had been converted , and was reported to be functioning correctly ; by 2013 the conversion of the second and third units was scheduled for 2014 and during or before 2016 respectively . The second unit was converted by May 2014 , initially co-firing an 85% biomass/coal mix due to limited biomass supply . In April 2014 Drax was awarded a renewable contract for difference ( CFD ) subsidy for biomass based power generation on another converted coal firing unit , but a third unit , which had been previously marked as eligible for CFD funding was excluded ; Drax Group then legally challenged the decision , initially obtaining a ruling in its favour , which was overturned in the Court of Appeal . In July 2014 the High Court ruled in Draxs favour . Biomass conversion at Drax led to it requiring 82% of UK biomass imports from the US in 2014 ( 60% overall of all US wood pellet export ) , a large factor in a 40% yearly increase in biomass export from that country ; US sourced imports represented 58% of Draxs biomass use in 2014 , with 22% from Canada . A port facility in Baton Rouge , Louisiana was completed by April 2015 . In mid-2015 Drax reached an agreement with Peel Ports to construct a 3million ton per year biomass importation facility at the Port of Liverpool , estimated cost £100 million . The rail connected facility was to include 100,000 tonnes storage , and be constructed by Graham Construction . In September 2015 Drax Group and Infinis began a legal action against the UK government due to claimed insufficient notice being given about the withdrawal of a climate related tax exemption ( see Climate Change Levy ) – Drax claimed the change would reduce its earnings by £30 million . The claim was rejected by the High Court in February 2016 . In December 2016 the European Competition Commission approved UK government subsidies for the conversion of the third unit to biomass burning . Petcoke . The station started to trial the co-firing of petcoke ( petroleum coke ) in one of its boilers in June 2005 , ending in June 2007 , burning 15% petcoke and 85% coal . Petcoke was burned to make the electricity more competitive as the price of running the FGD equipment was making the electricity more expensive . The Environment Agency ( EA ) granted permission for the trial in June 2004 , despite the plans being opposed by Friends of the Earth and Selby Council . To meet their concerns , emissions were constantly monitored through the trial , and they were not allowed to burn petcoke without operating the FGD plant to remove the high sulphur content of the emissions . The trial proved that there were no significant negative effects on the environment , and so in late 2007 Drax Group applied to move from trial conditions to commercial burning . The EA granted permission in early 2008 after agreeing with Draxs findings that the fuel had no significant negative effects on the environment . The station can now burn up to 300,000 tonnes of the fuel a year , and stock up to 6,000 tonnes on site . Electricity generation . Coal is fed into one of 30 coal bunkers , each with a capacity of 1,000 tonnes . Each bunker feeds two of the 60 pulverisers , each of which can crush 36 tonnes of coal an hour . The station has six Babcock Power boilers , each weighing 4,000 tonnes . The powdered coal from ten pulverisers is blasted into each boiler through burners , which are ignited by propane . In 2003 the original burners were replaced by low nitrogen oxide burners . Each of the six boilers feed steam to a steam turbine set , consisting of one high pressure ( HP ) turbine , one intermediate pressure ( IP ) turbine and three low pressure ( LP ) turbines . Each HP turbine generates 140 MW . Exhaust steam from them is fed back to the boiler and reheated , then fed to the 250 MW IP turbines and finally passes through the 90MW LP turbines . This gives each generating set a generating capacity of 660 MW : with six generating sets , the station has a total capacity of 3,960 MW . Each of the generating units is equipped with the Advanced Plant Management System ( APMS ) , a system developed by RWE npower and Thales , and implemented by Capula . The station also has six gas turbines providing backup for breakdowns , or shut downs in the National Grid . Their annual output is generally low , generating 75 MW and three of the units have been mothballed and are out of operation , but they could be refurbished . Emissions from these units are released through the stations second , smaller chimney , to the south of the main stack . Between 2007 and 2012 the high and low pressure turbines were replaced by Siemens in a £100 million programme . Cooling system . Water is essential to a thermal power station , heated to create steam to turn the steam turbines . Water used in the boilers is taken from two licensed boreholes on site . Once this water has been through the turbines it is cooled by condensers using water taken from the nearby River Ouse . Water is pumped from the river by a pumphouse on the river , north of the station . Once it has been through the condenser , the water is cooled by one of the natural draft cooling towers , with two towers serving each generating set . Once cooled , the water is discharged back into the river . Waste products . Flue gas desulphurisation . All six units are served by an independent wet limestone-gypsum FGD plant , which was installed between 1988 and 1996 . This diverts gases from the boilers and passes them through a limestone slurry , which removes at least 90% of the sulphur dioxide . This is equivalent to removing over 250,000 tonnes of SO each year . The process requires 10,000 tonnes of limestone a week , sourced from Tunstead Quarry in Derbyshire . A byproduct of the process is gypsum , with 15,000 tonnes produced each week . This goes to be used in the manufacture of plasterboard . The gypsum is sold exclusively to British Gypsum , and it is transported by rail to their plants at Kirkby Thore ( on the Settle-Carlisle Line ) , East Leake ( on the former Great Central Main Line ) and occasionally to Robertsbridge ( on the Hastings Line ) . DB Cargo UK transport the gypsum . Ash use and disposal . Pulverised fuel ash ( PFA ) and furnace bottom ash ( FBA ) are two byproducts from the burning of coal . Each year , the station produces about 1,000,000 tonnes of PFA and around 220,000 tonnes of FBA : all FBA and 85% of PFA is sold . Under the trade name Drax Ash Products , the ash is sold to the local building industry , where it is used in the manufacture of blocks , cement products , grouting and the laying of roads . The ash is also used in other parts of the country . Between 2005 and 2007 , PFA was used as an infill at four disused salt mines in Northwich in Cheshire . 1,100,000 tonnes was used in the project , which was to avoid a future risk of subsidence in the town . Ash was delivered by DB Schenker in ten trains a week , each carrying 1,100 tonnes . Following a trial in January 2010 , PFA is also transported to Waterford , Ireland by boat . One ship a month will transport 1,200 tonnes for the manufacture of construction materials . This will replace 480 lorry journeys annually and is deemed more environmentally friendly . The unsold PFA is sent by conveyor belt to the Barlow ash mound , which is used for disposal and temporary stockpile . Three conveyors feed the mound , with a total capacity of 750 tonnes an hour . FGD gypsum is disposed of on the mound if it is not of a high enough grade to be sold . The mound has won a number of awards for its nature conservation work . Environmental effects . The environmental effects of coal burning are well documented . Coal is considered to be easily the most carbon-intensive and polluting form of energy generation available . In 2007 the station produced 22,160,000 tonnes of , making it the largest single source of in the UK . Between 2000 and 2007 , there has been a net increase in carbon dioxide of over 3,000,000 tonnes . The station also has the highest estimated emissions of nitrogen oxides in the European Union . In 2007 , in a move to try to lower emissions , Drax Group signed a £100 million contract with Siemens Power Generation to re-blade the steam turbines over four years . This is the largest steam turbine modernisation ever undertaken in the UK , and will increase efficiency . Coupled with the co-firing of biomass , this is part of a target to reduce emissions by 15% by 2011 . Draxs annual report for 2013 reported that Draxs annual emissions were at 20,612,000 tonnes of . This was a slight decrease from 2007 levels due to the burning of biomass . Drax remained the UKs largest single emitter of carbon dioxide up until 2016 , when the power station claimed that its improvement programmes and conversion to burning biomass , had meant a drastic decrease in greenhouses gases being released into the atmosphere . Drax has opted in to the Large Combustion Plant Directive ( LCPD ) and thus is permitted to continue operating beyond 2015 . The use of flue gas desulfurisation ensures that the limits on sulphur dioxide emissions are not exceeded . Protests , industrial action and incidents . Climate Camp ( 2006 ) . On 31 August 2006 , over 600 people attended a protest against the high carbon emissions . It was coordinated by the Camp for Climate Action group . At least 3,000 police officers from 12 forces were reported to have been drafted in for the duration of the protest , to safeguard electricity supplies and prevent the protesters from shutting the station down . Thirty-nine people were arrested after trying illegally to gain access to the plant . Train protest ( 2008 ) . At 8:00 am on 13 June 2008 , more than 30 climate change campaigners halted an EWS coal train en route to the station by disguising themselves as rail workers by wearing high-visibility clothing and waving red flags . Stopping the train on a bridge across the River Aire , they scaled the wagons with the aid of the bridges girders . They then mounted a banner reading Leave it in the ground on the side of the wagon and tied the train to the bridge , preventing it moving . They then shovelled more than 20 tonnes of coal on to the railway line . The protest lasted the whole day , until several protesters were removed from the train by police that night . The stations management said that the protest had no effect on output . The action was coordinated by Camp for Climate Action . Worker strike ( 2009 ) . On 18 June 2009 , fewer than 200 contractors walked out of or failed to show up in a wildcat strike , showing solidarity with workers at the Lindsey Oil Refinery in Lincolnshire where 51 workers had been laid off while another employer on the site was employing . A spokeswoman said the strike did not affect electricity output . Biomass fires ( 2011 , 2013 ) . In October 2011 a fire started by spontaneous combustion in a stockpile at the Port of Tyne biomass facility . Another fire occurred at the same facility in a conveyor transfer tower in October 2013 .
|
[
"CEGB"
] |
[
{
"text": " Drax power station is a large biomass and coal-fired power station in North Yorkshire , England , capable of co-firing petcoke . It has a 2.6 GW capacity for biomass and 1.29 GW capacity for coal . Its name comes from the nearby village of Drax . It is situated on the River Ouse between Selby and Goole . Its generating capacity of 3,906 megawatts ( MW ) is the highest of any power station in the United Kingdom , providing about 6% of the United Kingdoms electricity supply .",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": "Opened in 1974 and extended in the 1980s , the station was initially operated by the Central Electricity Generating Board . Since privatisation in 1990 ownership has changed several times , and it is operated by the Drax Group . Completed in 1986 , it is the newest coal-fired power station in England . Flue gas desulphurisation equipment was fitted between 1988 and 1995 . The high and low pressure turbines were replaced between 2007 and 2012 .",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": "By 2010 , the station was co-firing biomass . In 2012 , the company announced plans to convert three generating units to solely biomass , burning 7.5 million tonnes imported from the United States and Canada . This work was completed in 2016 and a further fourth unit was converted in 2018 . The company now plans to convert its remaining two coal units to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine units and 200 MW battery storage . In February 2020 it was announced that Drax would stop burning coal by early 2021 , in accordance with the governments 2025 deadline to",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": "ban all coal-fired electricity in the United Kingdom .",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": " Drax was initially conceived by the Central Electricity Generating Board ( CEGB ) in 1962 as the countrys largest power station thus far , at about 3,000 MW . Subsequently , it was decided to use this opportunity as their first station to use the 660 MW turbogenerator sets which were planned to become the new standard , so the planning consents were revised to about 4,000 MW .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Following the Selby Coalfield discovery in 1967 the Board would build three large power stations to use its coal . These were an expansion of the station at Ferrybridge , a new station at Eggborough , and the largest being Drax .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Authority to carry out preparatory works was granted in December 1964 , leading to full permission in March 1966 , on the basis that the station would be designed to accommodate six 660 MW units , but that only the first three be proceeded with for the time being . Ground work for these three units , known at the time as Drax First Half , started in 1967 . Two units were synchronised to the grid in 1973 , and the third in 1974 .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "Although authorised , the second half of the project – known as Drax Completion – was deferred , because during the projects gestation the Boards energy mix policy shifted to working towards a majority nuclear system . The Board decided in 1977 that construction of the final three units would commence in 1979 with the target of commissioning in 1985/6 , as part of meeting load growth with an adjusted mix policy aiming for a balance of coal , nuclear , and oil . However , later that year in July , the Government requested that Drax Completion proceed immediately",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": ", ahead of requirements , in order to secure jobs in the North Easts heavy manufacturing industries . The Board agreed to this subject to being compensated .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "The architects were Jeff King and Dennis Merritt of Clifford , Tee and Gale . The architectural critic Reyner Banham was scathing of the design : less a brick cathedral than a concrete bunker.. . obsession with ribbed surfaces and forceful projections that have their origins in brutalism . Costain constructed the foundations and cable tunnels ; Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd . laid the roads and built the ancillary buildings ; Mowlem laid the deep foundations ; Alfred McAlpine built the administration and control buildings ; Balfour Beatty undertook general building works ; and James Scott installed cabling . Tarmac",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "Construction undertook the civil engineering works ; Holst Civil Engineers built the chimney ; Bierrum & Partners built the cooling towers ; N.G . Bailey installed cabling ; Reyrolle , English Electric and South Wales Switchgear produced and installed the switchgear ; English Electric manufactured the generator cooling water pumps ; T.W . Broadbent maintained the temporary electrical supplies ; and Sulzer Brothers manufactured the boiler feed pumps . In both phases the boilers were made by Babcock Power Ltd and the generators by C . A . Parsons and Company .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "Due to the project being split into two phases , it was decided for efficiency to design each phase as mirror image halves of one complete station with only the handful of items the whole site would share ( such as the flue stack and coal handling area ) needing to be built in First Half . This concept extended to seeking the same contractors and suppliers who worked on First Half for Completion . Unfortunately due to the decade timespan between comparable works on the two phases several manufacturers that had supplied First Half had merged or ceased trading",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": ". This , combined with changes in legislation , meant numerous components and equipment ranges used for First Half were either no longer available for Completion or had significantly changed . Separately , operating experience over that timespan had led to design improvements in equipment and plant specified by the Board , leading to a few significant areas of the design of Completion being altered .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": " The second phase was completed in 1986 . Construction of the power station entailed the demolition of a farm known as Wood House . Mitsui Babcock fitted flue-gas desulphurisation ( FGD ) equipment between 1988 and 1995 .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": " On privatisation of the CEGB in 1990 , the station was transferred from the CEGB to the privatised generating company National Power , which sold it to the AES Corporation in November 1999 for £1.87 billion ( US$3 billion ) . AES relinquished ownership in August 2003 , after falling into £1.3 billion of debt . Independent directors continued the operation to ensure security of supply . In December 2005 , after refinancing , ownership passed to the Drax Group .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "Separate acquisition offers from International Power , private equity group Texas Pacific , and a private equity backed bid from Constellation Energy were rejected for undervaluing the company . The companys valuation subsequently increased to 2005 as a result of rising electricity prices , and on 15 December 2005 Drax Group plc floated its shares on the London Stock Exchange , issuing £400 million worth of shares , on a valuation of £2.6 billion .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": " In 2009 , Drax Group submitted a planning application for the 300 MW biomass Ouse Renewable Energy Plant next to the power station . Government approval was obtained in mid 2011 . In February 2012 the company ceased planning development of the plant , citing logistics costs , and uncertainty concerning government financial support for biomass . Carbon capture and storage .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 Drax Power Limited , in response to a government consultation , stated they were sponsoring development studies into carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) , but noted that it was not then commercially viable , with costs comparable with nuclear or offshore wind power . On 17 June 2009 , Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Ed Miliband announced plans that would require all UK coal-fired power stations to be fitted with CCS technology by the early 2020s or face closure .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 a CCS project at Drax was shortlisted for government funding . In 2013 the White Rose Carbon Capture and Storage project ( formerly the UK OXY CCS project ) was shortlisted for the UK governments CCS scheme and in late 2013 was awarded a two-year FEED contract ( Front End Engineering Design ) for the CCS project . As of June 2014 , Drax is engaged in a joint venture with Alstom and BOC to build a 626 MW oxygen-fuelled combustion power station adjacent to the existing Drax site . National Grid would simultaneously construct a pipeline to",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "transport to the Yorkshire coast for sequestration .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 the project was awarded €300 million funding from the European Commission .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In September 2015 Drax announced it would not be making any further investments into the CCS scheme after completion of the feasibility study because negative changes to government support for renewable energy had made the project too financially risky , plus drops in the companys share price due to the same uncertainty had reduced Draxs ability to raise funds . Front End Engineering Design was expected to continue under Alstom and BOC with the project still being hosted at Drax . In late 2015 the UK Government withdrew its potential financial support for CCS projects – up to £1 billion",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "of funding , reversing support promised in the governing partys 2015 election manifesto . As a result , Leigh Hackett , CEO of Capture Power stated that [ I ] t is difficult to imagine its continuation in the absence of crucial government support .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In May 2018 , Drax announced a new carbon capture and storage pilot scheme that it would undertake in conjunction with the Leeds-based firm , C-Capture . The focus of this pilot will be on capturing carbon post combustion from the biomass burners as opposed to the coal burners . Drax will invest £400,000 into the project . The company , C-Capture , is a side company of the Department of Chemistry established at the University of Leeds . This would yield about of CO2 stored per day from the process , which could be sold on for use in",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "the drinks industry . The pilot scheme was launched in February 2019 . The capture of carbon from biomas burners is known as Bio Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage ( BECCS ) .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": " Drax Repower is a proposal to modify units 5 and 6 at Drax power station by installing combined cycle gas turbines . Waste heat from the gas turbines will pass to heat recovery steam generators which will generate steam for the existing steam turbines in the respective units . The repowered units are expected to have a total electrical output of 3.6 gigawatts . There is also a proposal to construct two battery storage facilities of 100 MW ( sic ) each . Statutory consultation on the project took place in January and February 2018 .",
"title": "Drax Repower"
},
{
"text": " The main buildings are of steel frame and metal clad construction . The main features are a turbine hall , a boiler house , a chimney and 12 cooling towers . The boiler house is high , and the turbine hall is long .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "The chimney stands high , with an overall diameter of , and weighs 44,000 tonnes . It consists of three elliptical flues of reinforced concrete , each serving two of the six boilers , set within a cylindrical wind shield , also of reinforced concrete . The top most elements , the 3 cap rings of the flues which extend above the wind shield , are of cast iron . When finished , the chimney was the largest industrial chimney in the world , and is still the tallest in the United Kingdom . The chimneys dimensions , including the",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "height , were dictated by a design total capacity of 5,100 m/s of gases at 26 m/s . As the station was designed and constructed prior to the CEGBs commitment to Flue Gas Desulpurisation , extensive measures were made to limit acid attack from sulphurous condensate , namely the lining of the flues with a fluoroelastomer , and coating of the upper 29.0m of the external surfaces with a mix of acid-resisting tiles and said fluoroelastomer .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": " The twelve high natural draft cooling towers stand in two groups of six to the north and south of the station . They are made of reinforced concrete , in the typical hyperboloid design , and each have a base diameter of . Other facilities include a coal storage area , FGD plant and gypsum handling facilities .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "The station is the third largest coal-fired power station in Europe , after Bełchatów Power Station in Poland , and Neurath Power Station in Germany . It produces around 24 terawatt hours ( TWh ) ( 86.4 petajoules ) of electricity annually . Although it generates around 1,500,000 tonnes of ash and 22,800,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide each year , it is the most carbon-efficient coal-fired power plant in the United Kingdom .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "The design life was set out in terms of number of start-ups and operating cycles , but with the presumption that the station would operate as a standard 2nd-tier ( nuclear stations being 1st-tier ) baseload generator in the pattern well established under the centralised state-owned electricity system , it was summarised as in the order of 40 years . The minimum requirement was for providing full load for weekdays , over a spell of 3 months with an availability over 85% . Weekend operations were expected to be between 50–100% of full power . Despite this intent for baseload",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "operation , it was designed with a reasonable ability for load-following , being able to ramp up or down by 5% of full power per minute within the range of 50–100% of full power .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": " The power station also has a jetty on the River Ouse , with a loading capacity of 200 tonnes- historically the jetty was built and used for the construction of the power station in the 1960s/70s – such as the delivery of equipment . In 2015 a planning application was submitted for the improvement of the jettys load capacity to 500 tonnes by White Rose CCS developer Capture Power Limited ( Drax/Alstom/BOC joint venture ) , for the construction of the CCS project .",
"title": "Ouse jetty"
},
{
"text": " The main transport route to the power station for fuel ( originally coal ) is train via a -long freight-only section of the former Hull and Barnsley Railway , from the Pontefract Line at Hensall Junction . A balloon loop rail layout is used so that wagons of coal do not need to be shunted after being unloaded . Merry-go-round trains are used , so that wagons can be unloaded without the train stopping as it passes through an unloading house . On average , there are 35 deliveries a day , 6 days a week .",
"title": "Fuel supply"
},
{
"text": "The power station also has a jetty ( see § Jetty ) – imports via the jetty ended c.1980 – in 2004 the jetty was trialled for the import of Tall Oil by barge .",
"title": "Fuel supply"
},
{
"text": " In its original form , the station had a maximum potential consumption of 36,000 tonnes of coal a day . In 2011 , it consumed 9.1 million tonnes of coal . This coal came from a mixture of both domestic and international sources , with domestic coal coming from mines in Yorkshire , the Midlands and Scotland , and foreign supplies coming from Australia , Colombia , Poland , Russia and South Africa . As of 2021 , all coal is sourced internationally .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "Fuel and other bulk commodities are supplied via a 6 mile branch line off the Wakefield and Goole railway line . Rail facilities include a west-facing junction on the Goole line , gross-weight and tare-weight weighbridges , limestone and gypsum handling facilities , including a handling building and control room for the FGD plant , FGD Sidings G and H , biomass offload ( Track A ) , coal offload ( Tracks A , B and C ) , bypass line ( Track D ) , oil siding ( Track E ) and ash loading ( Track F ) and",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "an unloading building and control room .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "When the station opened , most of the coal burned was from local collieries in Yorkshire , including Kellingley Colliery , Prince of Wales , Ackton Hall , Sharlston Colliery , Fryston Colliery , Askern Colliery and Bentley Colliery . Following the miners strike in the mid-1980s , by 2006 , all but Kellingley had closed . ( Kellingley closed at the end of 2015. ) UK Coal had a five-year contract to supply coal , which ended at the end of 2009 , from Kellingley , Maltby and , until its closure in 2007 , Rossington . Coal was",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "also brought from Harworth Colliery until it was mothballed , and was supplied by Daw Mill in Warwickshire .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": " The foreign coal is brought via various ports by rail . In c.2007 GB Railfreight won a contract to move coal brought from the Port of Tyne , celebrated by the company naming one of their locomotives Drax Power Station in 2007 . DB Cargo UK haul coal from the nearby ports of Hull and Immingham , and from Hunterston Terminal on the west coast of Scotland . Freightliner Group move coal imported through Redcar .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "The station tested co-firing biomass in the summer of 2004 , and in doing so was the first power station in the UK to be fuelled by wood . The initial trial of 14,100 tonnes of willow was locally sourced from nearby Eggborough . Since the trial , the stations use of biomass has continued . It uses direct injection for firing the biomass , whereby it bypasses the pulverising mills and is either injected directly into the boiler or the fuel line , for greater throughput . In 2009 a target was set for 12.5% of the stations energy",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "to be sourced from biomass , and the shift to biomass was intended to contribute to the aim of cutting emissions by 15% . The station burns a large range of biomass , mostly wood pellets , sunflower pellets , olive , peanut shell husk and rape meal . The majority comes from overseas . A 100,000 tonne pa capacity straw pelletization facility was constructed at Capitol Park , Goole in 2008 , opened 2009 . Construction of specialised biomass handling facilities began in 2009 at the Port of Tyne and at Drax .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In the 2000s Drax Group applied for planning permission to build a new 300 MW power station , fuelled entirely by biomass , to the north of the station ; the Ouse Renewable Energy Plant was expected to burn 1,400,000 tonnes of biomass each year , saving 1,850,000 tonnes of emissions , and expected to create 850 construction jobs and 150 permanent jobs created once opened , through direct and contract employment . Plans were submitted to the Department of Energy and Climate Change in July 2009 for review ; if permission was granted , construction was scheduled begin in",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "late 2010 and to take up to three and a half years . Two other 300 MW biomass plants were planned by Drax at the ports of Hull and Immingham .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 Drax group abandoned plans for the discrete biomass plant development , due to changes in government subsidies for biomass energy production favouring plant conversions over newly built plants . It switched to a project to convert half of the units at its existing plant to biomass firing . Full firing with biomass .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In September 2012 Drax Group announced the conversion to full firing with biomass of three of its six units . The first unit was scheduled to be online by June 2013 , the second unit in 2014 , and the third by 2017 ; initially a biomass supply had been secured for the first unit . The cost was estimated at £700 million ( $1.13 billion ) , including modifications to fuel mills and boilers and the construction of storage structures and conveyors for the wood pellet fuel . Each unit will consume about 2.3 million tonnes of biomass yearly",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": ", requiring an estimated annual total of 7.5 million tonnes in 2017 . This is equivalent to two-thirds of Europes entire energy biomass consumption in 2010 , and requires of forest to supply on a continuous basis .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " North America was expected to be the source of the vast majority of the biomass , although some would be domestically sourced willow and elephant grass .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "Drax Groups decision was enabled by a new UK government policy , effective in April 2013 , to award 1.0 tradable ROCs ( renewable obligation certificates ) per megawatt of power generation from coal power plants that are fully converted to burn biomass ; CEO Dorothy Thompson stated the company intended to become a predominately biomass-fuelled energy producer . By April 2013 financing for the scheme include £190 million through sale of shares , £100 million from Prudential/ M&G UK Companies Financing Fund , £50 million from the UK Green Investment Bank , and £75 million Friends Life ( underwritten",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "by HM Treasury ) , as well as a £400 million credit facility .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " As of 2013 there were plans to install 1 million tonne per year wood pellets pelletizing plants at Morehouse Parish , Louisiana , and Gloster , Mississippi , which would be shipped by road and rail to the port of Baton Rouge , Louisiana then shipped in 50,000-tonne cargo ships to UK . In the financial report for 2013 , Drax announced that an additional 2 million tons pelletisation capacity was being considered , likely to be built in the US .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In 2013 the company signed an agreement with ABP to develop handling facilities at the Port of Hull , Immingham and Grimsby ; construction of automated facilities began in 2013 , creating capacities of 3 and 1 million tonnes per year at the ports of Immingham and Hull respectively , adding to the 1.4 million tonne per year Port of Tyne biomass facility built in 2009 . In the same year a new design covered rail wagon with high volumetric capacity for transporting the low density biomass pellets was unveiled for use by Drax in the UK ; 200 wagons",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "of the type were ordered . At Drax pellets would be stored in domes , and transferred by a conveyor system before grinding to dust for use .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " The Shepherd Building Group was contracted to construct the biomass handling and storage facilities at Drax , with RPS Group as the civil engineer . The design included automated rail to storage handling , screening and storage facilities consisting of four high by wide storage domes with a capacity of . The concrete dome technology was supplied by E & D Company , PLLC ( trading as Engineering System Solutions , ES2 ) and Dome Technology LLC .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "By July 2013 one firing unit had been converted , and was reported to be functioning correctly ; by 2013 the conversion of the second and third units was scheduled for 2014 and during or before 2016 respectively . The second unit was converted by May 2014 , initially co-firing an 85% biomass/coal mix due to limited biomass supply .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " In April 2014 Drax was awarded a renewable contract for difference ( CFD ) subsidy for biomass based power generation on another converted coal firing unit , but a third unit , which had been previously marked as eligible for CFD funding was excluded ; Drax Group then legally challenged the decision , initially obtaining a ruling in its favour , which was overturned in the Court of Appeal . In July 2014 the High Court ruled in Draxs favour .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "Biomass conversion at Drax led to it requiring 82% of UK biomass imports from the US in 2014 ( 60% overall of all US wood pellet export ) , a large factor in a 40% yearly increase in biomass export from that country ; US sourced imports represented 58% of Draxs biomass use in 2014 , with 22% from Canada .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " A port facility in Baton Rouge , Louisiana was completed by April 2015 . In mid-2015 Drax reached an agreement with Peel Ports to construct a 3million ton per year biomass importation facility at the Port of Liverpool , estimated cost £100 million . The rail connected facility was to include 100,000 tonnes storage , and be constructed by Graham Construction .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In September 2015 Drax Group and Infinis began a legal action against the UK government due to claimed insufficient notice being given about the withdrawal of a climate related tax exemption ( see Climate Change Levy ) – Drax claimed the change would reduce its earnings by £30 million . The claim was rejected by the High Court in February 2016 .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " In December 2016 the European Competition Commission approved UK government subsidies for the conversion of the third unit to biomass burning .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "The station started to trial the co-firing of petcoke ( petroleum coke ) in one of its boilers in June 2005 , ending in June 2007 , burning 15% petcoke and 85% coal . Petcoke was burned to make the electricity more competitive as the price of running the FGD equipment was making the electricity more expensive . The Environment Agency ( EA ) granted permission for the trial in June 2004 , despite the plans being opposed by Friends of the Earth and Selby Council . To meet their concerns , emissions were constantly monitored through the trial ,",
"title": "Petcoke"
},
{
"text": "and they were not allowed to burn petcoke without operating the FGD plant to remove the high sulphur content of the emissions . The trial proved that there were no significant negative effects on the environment , and so in late 2007 Drax Group applied to move from trial conditions to commercial burning . The EA granted permission in early 2008 after agreeing with Draxs findings that the fuel had no significant negative effects on the environment . The station can now burn up to 300,000 tonnes of the fuel a year , and stock up to 6,000 tonnes on",
"title": "Petcoke"
},
{
"text": "site .",
"title": "Petcoke"
},
{
"text": "Coal is fed into one of 30 coal bunkers , each with a capacity of 1,000 tonnes . Each bunker feeds two of the 60 pulverisers , each of which can crush 36 tonnes of coal an hour . The station has six Babcock Power boilers , each weighing 4,000 tonnes . The powdered coal from ten pulverisers is blasted into each boiler through burners , which are ignited by propane . In 2003 the original burners were replaced by low nitrogen oxide burners . Each of the six boilers feed steam to a steam turbine set , consisting of",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": "one high pressure ( HP ) turbine , one intermediate pressure ( IP ) turbine and three low pressure ( LP ) turbines . Each HP turbine generates 140 MW . Exhaust steam from them is fed back to the boiler and reheated , then fed to the 250 MW IP turbines and finally passes through the 90MW LP turbines . This gives each generating set a generating capacity of 660 MW : with six generating sets , the station has a total capacity of 3,960 MW . Each of the generating units is equipped with the Advanced Plant Management",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": "System ( APMS ) , a system developed by RWE npower and Thales , and implemented by Capula .",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": " The station also has six gas turbines providing backup for breakdowns , or shut downs in the National Grid . Their annual output is generally low , generating 75 MW and three of the units have been mothballed and are out of operation , but they could be refurbished . Emissions from these units are released through the stations second , smaller chimney , to the south of the main stack . Between 2007 and 2012 the high and low pressure turbines were replaced by Siemens in a £100 million programme .",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": "Water is essential to a thermal power station , heated to create steam to turn the steam turbines . Water used in the boilers is taken from two licensed boreholes on site . Once this water has been through the turbines it is cooled by condensers using water taken from the nearby River Ouse . Water is pumped from the river by a pumphouse on the river , north of the station . Once it has been through the condenser , the water is cooled by one of the natural draft cooling towers , with two towers serving each generating",
"title": "Cooling system"
},
{
"text": "set . Once cooled , the water is discharged back into the river .",
"title": "Cooling system"
},
{
"text": "All six units are served by an independent wet limestone-gypsum FGD plant , which was installed between 1988 and 1996 . This diverts gases from the boilers and passes them through a limestone slurry , which removes at least 90% of the sulphur dioxide . This is equivalent to removing over 250,000 tonnes of SO each year . The process requires 10,000 tonnes of limestone a week , sourced from Tunstead Quarry in Derbyshire . A byproduct of the process is gypsum , with 15,000 tonnes produced each week . This goes to be used in the manufacture of plasterboard",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": ". The gypsum is sold exclusively to British Gypsum , and it is transported by rail to their plants at Kirkby Thore ( on the Settle-Carlisle Line ) , East Leake ( on the former Great Central Main Line ) and occasionally to Robertsbridge ( on the Hastings Line ) . DB Cargo UK transport the gypsum .",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": "Pulverised fuel ash ( PFA ) and furnace bottom ash ( FBA ) are two byproducts from the burning of coal . Each year , the station produces about 1,000,000 tonnes of PFA and around 220,000 tonnes of FBA : all FBA and 85% of PFA is sold . Under the trade name Drax Ash Products , the ash is sold to the local building industry , where it is used in the manufacture of blocks , cement products , grouting and the laying of roads . The ash is also used in other parts of the country . Between",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": "2005 and 2007 , PFA was used as an infill at four disused salt mines in Northwich in Cheshire . 1,100,000 tonnes was used in the project , which was to avoid a future risk of subsidence in the town . Ash was delivered by DB Schenker in ten trains a week , each carrying 1,100 tonnes . Following a trial in January 2010 , PFA is also transported to Waterford , Ireland by boat . One ship a month will transport 1,200 tonnes for the manufacture of construction materials . This will replace 480 lorry journeys annually and is",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": "deemed more environmentally friendly .",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": " The unsold PFA is sent by conveyor belt to the Barlow ash mound , which is used for disposal and temporary stockpile . Three conveyors feed the mound , with a total capacity of 750 tonnes an hour . FGD gypsum is disposed of on the mound if it is not of a high enough grade to be sold . The mound has won a number of awards for its nature conservation work .",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": " The environmental effects of coal burning are well documented . Coal is considered to be easily the most carbon-intensive and polluting form of energy generation available . In 2007 the station produced 22,160,000 tonnes of , making it the largest single source of in the UK . Between 2000 and 2007 , there has been a net increase in carbon dioxide of over 3,000,000 tonnes . The station also has the highest estimated emissions of nitrogen oxides in the European Union .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , in a move to try to lower emissions , Drax Group signed a £100 million contract with Siemens Power Generation to re-blade the steam turbines over four years . This is the largest steam turbine modernisation ever undertaken in the UK , and will increase efficiency . Coupled with the co-firing of biomass , this is part of a target to reduce emissions by 15% by 2011 .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": " Draxs annual report for 2013 reported that Draxs annual emissions were at 20,612,000 tonnes of . This was a slight decrease from 2007 levels due to the burning of biomass . Drax remained the UKs largest single emitter of carbon dioxide up until 2016 , when the power station claimed that its improvement programmes and conversion to burning biomass , had meant a drastic decrease in greenhouses gases being released into the atmosphere .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "Drax has opted in to the Large Combustion Plant Directive ( LCPD ) and thus is permitted to continue operating beyond 2015 . The use of flue gas desulfurisation ensures that the limits on sulphur dioxide emissions are not exceeded .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": " Protests , industrial action and incidents . Climate Camp ( 2006 ) . On 31 August 2006 , over 600 people attended a protest against the high carbon emissions . It was coordinated by the Camp for Climate Action group . At least 3,000 police officers from 12 forces were reported to have been drafted in for the duration of the protest , to safeguard electricity supplies and prevent the protesters from shutting the station down . Thirty-nine people were arrested after trying illegally to gain access to the plant . Train protest ( 2008 ) .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "At 8:00 am on 13 June 2008 , more than 30 climate change campaigners halted an EWS coal train en route to the station by disguising themselves as rail workers by wearing high-visibility clothing and waving red flags . Stopping the train on a bridge across the River Aire , they scaled the wagons with the aid of the bridges girders . They then mounted a banner reading Leave it in the ground on the side of the wagon and tied the train to the bridge , preventing it moving . They then shovelled more than 20 tonnes of coal",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "on to the railway line . The protest lasted the whole day , until several protesters were removed from the train by police that night . The stations management said that the protest had no effect on output . The action was coordinated by Camp for Climate Action .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": " Worker strike ( 2009 ) . On 18 June 2009 , fewer than 200 contractors walked out of or failed to show up in a wildcat strike , showing solidarity with workers at the Lindsey Oil Refinery in Lincolnshire where 51 workers had been laid off while another employer on the site was employing . A spokeswoman said the strike did not affect electricity output . Biomass fires ( 2011 , 2013 ) .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "In October 2011 a fire started by spontaneous combustion in a stockpile at the Port of Tyne biomass facility . Another fire occurred at the same facility in a conveyor transfer tower in October 2013 .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
}
] |
/wiki/Drax_Power_Station#P127#1
|
Who was the owner of Drax Power Station in Jan 1990?
|
Drax Power Station Drax power station is a large biomass and coal-fired power station in North Yorkshire , England , capable of co-firing petcoke . It has a 2.6 GW capacity for biomass and 1.29 GW capacity for coal . Its name comes from the nearby village of Drax . It is situated on the River Ouse between Selby and Goole . Its generating capacity of 3,906 megawatts ( MW ) is the highest of any power station in the United Kingdom , providing about 6% of the United Kingdoms electricity supply . Opened in 1974 and extended in the 1980s , the station was initially operated by the Central Electricity Generating Board . Since privatisation in 1990 ownership has changed several times , and it is operated by the Drax Group . Completed in 1986 , it is the newest coal-fired power station in England . Flue gas desulphurisation equipment was fitted between 1988 and 1995 . The high and low pressure turbines were replaced between 2007 and 2012 . By 2010 , the station was co-firing biomass . In 2012 , the company announced plans to convert three generating units to solely biomass , burning 7.5 million tonnes imported from the United States and Canada . This work was completed in 2016 and a further fourth unit was converted in 2018 . The company now plans to convert its remaining two coal units to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine units and 200 MW battery storage . In February 2020 it was announced that Drax would stop burning coal by early 2021 , in accordance with the governments 2025 deadline to ban all coal-fired electricity in the United Kingdom . History . Drax was initially conceived by the Central Electricity Generating Board ( CEGB ) in 1962 as the countrys largest power station thus far , at about 3,000 MW . Subsequently , it was decided to use this opportunity as their first station to use the 660 MW turbogenerator sets which were planned to become the new standard , so the planning consents were revised to about 4,000 MW . Following the Selby Coalfield discovery in 1967 the Board would build three large power stations to use its coal . These were an expansion of the station at Ferrybridge , a new station at Eggborough , and the largest being Drax . Construction . Authority to carry out preparatory works was granted in December 1964 , leading to full permission in March 1966 , on the basis that the station would be designed to accommodate six 660 MW units , but that only the first three be proceeded with for the time being . Ground work for these three units , known at the time as Drax First Half , started in 1967 . Two units were synchronised to the grid in 1973 , and the third in 1974 . Although authorised , the second half of the project – known as Drax Completion – was deferred , because during the projects gestation the Boards energy mix policy shifted to working towards a majority nuclear system . The Board decided in 1977 that construction of the final three units would commence in 1979 with the target of commissioning in 1985/6 , as part of meeting load growth with an adjusted mix policy aiming for a balance of coal , nuclear , and oil . However , later that year in July , the Government requested that Drax Completion proceed immediately , ahead of requirements , in order to secure jobs in the North Easts heavy manufacturing industries . The Board agreed to this subject to being compensated . The architects were Jeff King and Dennis Merritt of Clifford , Tee and Gale . The architectural critic Reyner Banham was scathing of the design : less a brick cathedral than a concrete bunker.. . obsession with ribbed surfaces and forceful projections that have their origins in brutalism . Costain constructed the foundations and cable tunnels ; Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd . laid the roads and built the ancillary buildings ; Mowlem laid the deep foundations ; Alfred McAlpine built the administration and control buildings ; Balfour Beatty undertook general building works ; and James Scott installed cabling . Tarmac Construction undertook the civil engineering works ; Holst Civil Engineers built the chimney ; Bierrum & Partners built the cooling towers ; N.G . Bailey installed cabling ; Reyrolle , English Electric and South Wales Switchgear produced and installed the switchgear ; English Electric manufactured the generator cooling water pumps ; T.W . Broadbent maintained the temporary electrical supplies ; and Sulzer Brothers manufactured the boiler feed pumps . In both phases the boilers were made by Babcock Power Ltd and the generators by C . A . Parsons and Company . Due to the project being split into two phases , it was decided for efficiency to design each phase as mirror image halves of one complete station with only the handful of items the whole site would share ( such as the flue stack and coal handling area ) needing to be built in First Half . This concept extended to seeking the same contractors and suppliers who worked on First Half for Completion . Unfortunately due to the decade timespan between comparable works on the two phases several manufacturers that had supplied First Half had merged or ceased trading . This , combined with changes in legislation , meant numerous components and equipment ranges used for First Half were either no longer available for Completion or had significantly changed . Separately , operating experience over that timespan had led to design improvements in equipment and plant specified by the Board , leading to a few significant areas of the design of Completion being altered . The second phase was completed in 1986 . Construction of the power station entailed the demolition of a farm known as Wood House . Mitsui Babcock fitted flue-gas desulphurisation ( FGD ) equipment between 1988 and 1995 . Post-privatisation . On privatisation of the CEGB in 1990 , the station was transferred from the CEGB to the privatised generating company National Power , which sold it to the AES Corporation in November 1999 for £1.87 billion ( US$3 billion ) . AES relinquished ownership in August 2003 , after falling into £1.3 billion of debt . Independent directors continued the operation to ensure security of supply . In December 2005 , after refinancing , ownership passed to the Drax Group . Separate acquisition offers from International Power , private equity group Texas Pacific , and a private equity backed bid from Constellation Energy were rejected for undervaluing the company . The companys valuation subsequently increased to 2005 as a result of rising electricity prices , and on 15 December 2005 Drax Group plc floated its shares on the London Stock Exchange , issuing £400 million worth of shares , on a valuation of £2.6 billion . In 2009 , Drax Group submitted a planning application for the 300 MW biomass Ouse Renewable Energy Plant next to the power station . Government approval was obtained in mid 2011 . In February 2012 the company ceased planning development of the plant , citing logistics costs , and uncertainty concerning government financial support for biomass . Carbon capture and storage . In 2006 Drax Power Limited , in response to a government consultation , stated they were sponsoring development studies into carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) , but noted that it was not then commercially viable , with costs comparable with nuclear or offshore wind power . On 17 June 2009 , Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Ed Miliband announced plans that would require all UK coal-fired power stations to be fitted with CCS technology by the early 2020s or face closure . In 2012 a CCS project at Drax was shortlisted for government funding . In 2013 the White Rose Carbon Capture and Storage project ( formerly the UK OXY CCS project ) was shortlisted for the UK governments CCS scheme and in late 2013 was awarded a two-year FEED contract ( Front End Engineering Design ) for the CCS project . As of June 2014 , Drax is engaged in a joint venture with Alstom and BOC to build a 626 MW oxygen-fuelled combustion power station adjacent to the existing Drax site . National Grid would simultaneously construct a pipeline to transport to the Yorkshire coast for sequestration . In July 2014 the project was awarded €300 million funding from the European Commission . In September 2015 Drax announced it would not be making any further investments into the CCS scheme after completion of the feasibility study because negative changes to government support for renewable energy had made the project too financially risky , plus drops in the companys share price due to the same uncertainty had reduced Draxs ability to raise funds . Front End Engineering Design was expected to continue under Alstom and BOC with the project still being hosted at Drax . In late 2015 the UK Government withdrew its potential financial support for CCS projects – up to £1 billion of funding , reversing support promised in the governing partys 2015 election manifesto . As a result , Leigh Hackett , CEO of Capture Power stated that [ I ] t is difficult to imagine its continuation in the absence of crucial government support . In May 2018 , Drax announced a new carbon capture and storage pilot scheme that it would undertake in conjunction with the Leeds-based firm , C-Capture . The focus of this pilot will be on capturing carbon post combustion from the biomass burners as opposed to the coal burners . Drax will invest £400,000 into the project . The company , C-Capture , is a side company of the Department of Chemistry established at the University of Leeds . This would yield about of CO2 stored per day from the process , which could be sold on for use in the drinks industry . The pilot scheme was launched in February 2019 . The capture of carbon from biomas burners is known as Bio Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage ( BECCS ) . Drax Repower . Drax Repower is a proposal to modify units 5 and 6 at Drax power station by installing combined cycle gas turbines . Waste heat from the gas turbines will pass to heat recovery steam generators which will generate steam for the existing steam turbines in the respective units . The repowered units are expected to have a total electrical output of 3.6 gigawatts . There is also a proposal to construct two battery storage facilities of 100 MW ( sic ) each . Statutory consultation on the project took place in January and February 2018 . Design and specification . The main buildings are of steel frame and metal clad construction . The main features are a turbine hall , a boiler house , a chimney and 12 cooling towers . The boiler house is high , and the turbine hall is long . The chimney stands high , with an overall diameter of , and weighs 44,000 tonnes . It consists of three elliptical flues of reinforced concrete , each serving two of the six boilers , set within a cylindrical wind shield , also of reinforced concrete . The top most elements , the 3 cap rings of the flues which extend above the wind shield , are of cast iron . When finished , the chimney was the largest industrial chimney in the world , and is still the tallest in the United Kingdom . The chimneys dimensions , including the height , were dictated by a design total capacity of 5,100 m/s of gases at 26 m/s . As the station was designed and constructed prior to the CEGBs commitment to Flue Gas Desulpurisation , extensive measures were made to limit acid attack from sulphurous condensate , namely the lining of the flues with a fluoroelastomer , and coating of the upper 29.0m of the external surfaces with a mix of acid-resisting tiles and said fluoroelastomer . The twelve high natural draft cooling towers stand in two groups of six to the north and south of the station . They are made of reinforced concrete , in the typical hyperboloid design , and each have a base diameter of . Other facilities include a coal storage area , FGD plant and gypsum handling facilities . The station is the third largest coal-fired power station in Europe , after Bełchatów Power Station in Poland , and Neurath Power Station in Germany . It produces around 24 terawatt hours ( TWh ) ( 86.4 petajoules ) of electricity annually . Although it generates around 1,500,000 tonnes of ash and 22,800,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide each year , it is the most carbon-efficient coal-fired power plant in the United Kingdom . The design life was set out in terms of number of start-ups and operating cycles , but with the presumption that the station would operate as a standard 2nd-tier ( nuclear stations being 1st-tier ) baseload generator in the pattern well established under the centralised state-owned electricity system , it was summarised as in the order of 40 years . The minimum requirement was for providing full load for weekdays , over a spell of 3 months with an availability over 85% . Weekend operations were expected to be between 50–100% of full power . Despite this intent for baseload operation , it was designed with a reasonable ability for load-following , being able to ramp up or down by 5% of full power per minute within the range of 50–100% of full power . Ouse jetty . The power station also has a jetty on the River Ouse , with a loading capacity of 200 tonnes- historically the jetty was built and used for the construction of the power station in the 1960s/70s – such as the delivery of equipment . In 2015 a planning application was submitted for the improvement of the jettys load capacity to 500 tonnes by White Rose CCS developer Capture Power Limited ( Drax/Alstom/BOC joint venture ) , for the construction of the CCS project . Fuel supply . The main transport route to the power station for fuel ( originally coal ) is train via a -long freight-only section of the former Hull and Barnsley Railway , from the Pontefract Line at Hensall Junction . A balloon loop rail layout is used so that wagons of coal do not need to be shunted after being unloaded . Merry-go-round trains are used , so that wagons can be unloaded without the train stopping as it passes through an unloading house . On average , there are 35 deliveries a day , 6 days a week . The power station also has a jetty ( see § Jetty ) – imports via the jetty ended c.1980 – in 2004 the jetty was trialled for the import of Tall Oil by barge . Coal supply . In its original form , the station had a maximum potential consumption of 36,000 tonnes of coal a day . In 2011 , it consumed 9.1 million tonnes of coal . This coal came from a mixture of both domestic and international sources , with domestic coal coming from mines in Yorkshire , the Midlands and Scotland , and foreign supplies coming from Australia , Colombia , Poland , Russia and South Africa . As of 2021 , all coal is sourced internationally . Fuel and other bulk commodities are supplied via a 6 mile branch line off the Wakefield and Goole railway line . Rail facilities include a west-facing junction on the Goole line , gross-weight and tare-weight weighbridges , limestone and gypsum handling facilities , including a handling building and control room for the FGD plant , FGD Sidings G and H , biomass offload ( Track A ) , coal offload ( Tracks A , B and C ) , bypass line ( Track D ) , oil siding ( Track E ) and ash loading ( Track F ) and an unloading building and control room . When the station opened , most of the coal burned was from local collieries in Yorkshire , including Kellingley Colliery , Prince of Wales , Ackton Hall , Sharlston Colliery , Fryston Colliery , Askern Colliery and Bentley Colliery . Following the miners strike in the mid-1980s , by 2006 , all but Kellingley had closed . ( Kellingley closed at the end of 2015. ) UK Coal had a five-year contract to supply coal , which ended at the end of 2009 , from Kellingley , Maltby and , until its closure in 2007 , Rossington . Coal was also brought from Harworth Colliery until it was mothballed , and was supplied by Daw Mill in Warwickshire . The foreign coal is brought via various ports by rail . In c.2007 GB Railfreight won a contract to move coal brought from the Port of Tyne , celebrated by the company naming one of their locomotives Drax Power Station in 2007 . DB Cargo UK haul coal from the nearby ports of Hull and Immingham , and from Hunterston Terminal on the west coast of Scotland . Freightliner Group move coal imported through Redcar . Biomass . Co-firing . The station tested co-firing biomass in the summer of 2004 , and in doing so was the first power station in the UK to be fuelled by wood . The initial trial of 14,100 tonnes of willow was locally sourced from nearby Eggborough . Since the trial , the stations use of biomass has continued . It uses direct injection for firing the biomass , whereby it bypasses the pulverising mills and is either injected directly into the boiler or the fuel line , for greater throughput . In 2009 a target was set for 12.5% of the stations energy to be sourced from biomass , and the shift to biomass was intended to contribute to the aim of cutting emissions by 15% . The station burns a large range of biomass , mostly wood pellets , sunflower pellets , olive , peanut shell husk and rape meal . The majority comes from overseas . A 100,000 tonne pa capacity straw pelletization facility was constructed at Capitol Park , Goole in 2008 , opened 2009 . Construction of specialised biomass handling facilities began in 2009 at the Port of Tyne and at Drax . Proposed new biomass plants . In the 2000s Drax Group applied for planning permission to build a new 300 MW power station , fuelled entirely by biomass , to the north of the station ; the Ouse Renewable Energy Plant was expected to burn 1,400,000 tonnes of biomass each year , saving 1,850,000 tonnes of emissions , and expected to create 850 construction jobs and 150 permanent jobs created once opened , through direct and contract employment . Plans were submitted to the Department of Energy and Climate Change in July 2009 for review ; if permission was granted , construction was scheduled begin in late 2010 and to take up to three and a half years . Two other 300 MW biomass plants were planned by Drax at the ports of Hull and Immingham . In 2012 Drax group abandoned plans for the discrete biomass plant development , due to changes in government subsidies for biomass energy production favouring plant conversions over newly built plants . It switched to a project to convert half of the units at its existing plant to biomass firing . Full firing with biomass . In September 2012 Drax Group announced the conversion to full firing with biomass of three of its six units . The first unit was scheduled to be online by June 2013 , the second unit in 2014 , and the third by 2017 ; initially a biomass supply had been secured for the first unit . The cost was estimated at £700 million ( $1.13 billion ) , including modifications to fuel mills and boilers and the construction of storage structures and conveyors for the wood pellet fuel . Each unit will consume about 2.3 million tonnes of biomass yearly , requiring an estimated annual total of 7.5 million tonnes in 2017 . This is equivalent to two-thirds of Europes entire energy biomass consumption in 2010 , and requires of forest to supply on a continuous basis . North America was expected to be the source of the vast majority of the biomass , although some would be domestically sourced willow and elephant grass . Drax Groups decision was enabled by a new UK government policy , effective in April 2013 , to award 1.0 tradable ROCs ( renewable obligation certificates ) per megawatt of power generation from coal power plants that are fully converted to burn biomass ; CEO Dorothy Thompson stated the company intended to become a predominately biomass-fuelled energy producer . By April 2013 financing for the scheme include £190 million through sale of shares , £100 million from Prudential/ M&G UK Companies Financing Fund , £50 million from the UK Green Investment Bank , and £75 million Friends Life ( underwritten by HM Treasury ) , as well as a £400 million credit facility . As of 2013 there were plans to install 1 million tonne per year wood pellets pelletizing plants at Morehouse Parish , Louisiana , and Gloster , Mississippi , which would be shipped by road and rail to the port of Baton Rouge , Louisiana then shipped in 50,000-tonne cargo ships to UK . In the financial report for 2013 , Drax announced that an additional 2 million tons pelletisation capacity was being considered , likely to be built in the US . In 2013 the company signed an agreement with ABP to develop handling facilities at the Port of Hull , Immingham and Grimsby ; construction of automated facilities began in 2013 , creating capacities of 3 and 1 million tonnes per year at the ports of Immingham and Hull respectively , adding to the 1.4 million tonne per year Port of Tyne biomass facility built in 2009 . In the same year a new design covered rail wagon with high volumetric capacity for transporting the low density biomass pellets was unveiled for use by Drax in the UK ; 200 wagons of the type were ordered . At Drax pellets would be stored in domes , and transferred by a conveyor system before grinding to dust for use . The Shepherd Building Group was contracted to construct the biomass handling and storage facilities at Drax , with RPS Group as the civil engineer . The design included automated rail to storage handling , screening and storage facilities consisting of four high by wide storage domes with a capacity of . The concrete dome technology was supplied by E & D Company , PLLC ( trading as Engineering System Solutions , ES2 ) and Dome Technology LLC . By July 2013 one firing unit had been converted , and was reported to be functioning correctly ; by 2013 the conversion of the second and third units was scheduled for 2014 and during or before 2016 respectively . The second unit was converted by May 2014 , initially co-firing an 85% biomass/coal mix due to limited biomass supply . In April 2014 Drax was awarded a renewable contract for difference ( CFD ) subsidy for biomass based power generation on another converted coal firing unit , but a third unit , which had been previously marked as eligible for CFD funding was excluded ; Drax Group then legally challenged the decision , initially obtaining a ruling in its favour , which was overturned in the Court of Appeal . In July 2014 the High Court ruled in Draxs favour . Biomass conversion at Drax led to it requiring 82% of UK biomass imports from the US in 2014 ( 60% overall of all US wood pellet export ) , a large factor in a 40% yearly increase in biomass export from that country ; US sourced imports represented 58% of Draxs biomass use in 2014 , with 22% from Canada . A port facility in Baton Rouge , Louisiana was completed by April 2015 . In mid-2015 Drax reached an agreement with Peel Ports to construct a 3million ton per year biomass importation facility at the Port of Liverpool , estimated cost £100 million . The rail connected facility was to include 100,000 tonnes storage , and be constructed by Graham Construction . In September 2015 Drax Group and Infinis began a legal action against the UK government due to claimed insufficient notice being given about the withdrawal of a climate related tax exemption ( see Climate Change Levy ) – Drax claimed the change would reduce its earnings by £30 million . The claim was rejected by the High Court in February 2016 . In December 2016 the European Competition Commission approved UK government subsidies for the conversion of the third unit to biomass burning . Petcoke . The station started to trial the co-firing of petcoke ( petroleum coke ) in one of its boilers in June 2005 , ending in June 2007 , burning 15% petcoke and 85% coal . Petcoke was burned to make the electricity more competitive as the price of running the FGD equipment was making the electricity more expensive . The Environment Agency ( EA ) granted permission for the trial in June 2004 , despite the plans being opposed by Friends of the Earth and Selby Council . To meet their concerns , emissions were constantly monitored through the trial , and they were not allowed to burn petcoke without operating the FGD plant to remove the high sulphur content of the emissions . The trial proved that there were no significant negative effects on the environment , and so in late 2007 Drax Group applied to move from trial conditions to commercial burning . The EA granted permission in early 2008 after agreeing with Draxs findings that the fuel had no significant negative effects on the environment . The station can now burn up to 300,000 tonnes of the fuel a year , and stock up to 6,000 tonnes on site . Electricity generation . Coal is fed into one of 30 coal bunkers , each with a capacity of 1,000 tonnes . Each bunker feeds two of the 60 pulverisers , each of which can crush 36 tonnes of coal an hour . The station has six Babcock Power boilers , each weighing 4,000 tonnes . The powdered coal from ten pulverisers is blasted into each boiler through burners , which are ignited by propane . In 2003 the original burners were replaced by low nitrogen oxide burners . Each of the six boilers feed steam to a steam turbine set , consisting of one high pressure ( HP ) turbine , one intermediate pressure ( IP ) turbine and three low pressure ( LP ) turbines . Each HP turbine generates 140 MW . Exhaust steam from them is fed back to the boiler and reheated , then fed to the 250 MW IP turbines and finally passes through the 90MW LP turbines . This gives each generating set a generating capacity of 660 MW : with six generating sets , the station has a total capacity of 3,960 MW . Each of the generating units is equipped with the Advanced Plant Management System ( APMS ) , a system developed by RWE npower and Thales , and implemented by Capula . The station also has six gas turbines providing backup for breakdowns , or shut downs in the National Grid . Their annual output is generally low , generating 75 MW and three of the units have been mothballed and are out of operation , but they could be refurbished . Emissions from these units are released through the stations second , smaller chimney , to the south of the main stack . Between 2007 and 2012 the high and low pressure turbines were replaced by Siemens in a £100 million programme . Cooling system . Water is essential to a thermal power station , heated to create steam to turn the steam turbines . Water used in the boilers is taken from two licensed boreholes on site . Once this water has been through the turbines it is cooled by condensers using water taken from the nearby River Ouse . Water is pumped from the river by a pumphouse on the river , north of the station . Once it has been through the condenser , the water is cooled by one of the natural draft cooling towers , with two towers serving each generating set . Once cooled , the water is discharged back into the river . Waste products . Flue gas desulphurisation . All six units are served by an independent wet limestone-gypsum FGD plant , which was installed between 1988 and 1996 . This diverts gases from the boilers and passes them through a limestone slurry , which removes at least 90% of the sulphur dioxide . This is equivalent to removing over 250,000 tonnes of SO each year . The process requires 10,000 tonnes of limestone a week , sourced from Tunstead Quarry in Derbyshire . A byproduct of the process is gypsum , with 15,000 tonnes produced each week . This goes to be used in the manufacture of plasterboard . The gypsum is sold exclusively to British Gypsum , and it is transported by rail to their plants at Kirkby Thore ( on the Settle-Carlisle Line ) , East Leake ( on the former Great Central Main Line ) and occasionally to Robertsbridge ( on the Hastings Line ) . DB Cargo UK transport the gypsum . Ash use and disposal . Pulverised fuel ash ( PFA ) and furnace bottom ash ( FBA ) are two byproducts from the burning of coal . Each year , the station produces about 1,000,000 tonnes of PFA and around 220,000 tonnes of FBA : all FBA and 85% of PFA is sold . Under the trade name Drax Ash Products , the ash is sold to the local building industry , where it is used in the manufacture of blocks , cement products , grouting and the laying of roads . The ash is also used in other parts of the country . Between 2005 and 2007 , PFA was used as an infill at four disused salt mines in Northwich in Cheshire . 1,100,000 tonnes was used in the project , which was to avoid a future risk of subsidence in the town . Ash was delivered by DB Schenker in ten trains a week , each carrying 1,100 tonnes . Following a trial in January 2010 , PFA is also transported to Waterford , Ireland by boat . One ship a month will transport 1,200 tonnes for the manufacture of construction materials . This will replace 480 lorry journeys annually and is deemed more environmentally friendly . The unsold PFA is sent by conveyor belt to the Barlow ash mound , which is used for disposal and temporary stockpile . Three conveyors feed the mound , with a total capacity of 750 tonnes an hour . FGD gypsum is disposed of on the mound if it is not of a high enough grade to be sold . The mound has won a number of awards for its nature conservation work . Environmental effects . The environmental effects of coal burning are well documented . Coal is considered to be easily the most carbon-intensive and polluting form of energy generation available . In 2007 the station produced 22,160,000 tonnes of , making it the largest single source of in the UK . Between 2000 and 2007 , there has been a net increase in carbon dioxide of over 3,000,000 tonnes . The station also has the highest estimated emissions of nitrogen oxides in the European Union . In 2007 , in a move to try to lower emissions , Drax Group signed a £100 million contract with Siemens Power Generation to re-blade the steam turbines over four years . This is the largest steam turbine modernisation ever undertaken in the UK , and will increase efficiency . Coupled with the co-firing of biomass , this is part of a target to reduce emissions by 15% by 2011 . Draxs annual report for 2013 reported that Draxs annual emissions were at 20,612,000 tonnes of . This was a slight decrease from 2007 levels due to the burning of biomass . Drax remained the UKs largest single emitter of carbon dioxide up until 2016 , when the power station claimed that its improvement programmes and conversion to burning biomass , had meant a drastic decrease in greenhouses gases being released into the atmosphere . Drax has opted in to the Large Combustion Plant Directive ( LCPD ) and thus is permitted to continue operating beyond 2015 . The use of flue gas desulfurisation ensures that the limits on sulphur dioxide emissions are not exceeded . Protests , industrial action and incidents . Climate Camp ( 2006 ) . On 31 August 2006 , over 600 people attended a protest against the high carbon emissions . It was coordinated by the Camp for Climate Action group . At least 3,000 police officers from 12 forces were reported to have been drafted in for the duration of the protest , to safeguard electricity supplies and prevent the protesters from shutting the station down . Thirty-nine people were arrested after trying illegally to gain access to the plant . Train protest ( 2008 ) . At 8:00 am on 13 June 2008 , more than 30 climate change campaigners halted an EWS coal train en route to the station by disguising themselves as rail workers by wearing high-visibility clothing and waving red flags . Stopping the train on a bridge across the River Aire , they scaled the wagons with the aid of the bridges girders . They then mounted a banner reading Leave it in the ground on the side of the wagon and tied the train to the bridge , preventing it moving . They then shovelled more than 20 tonnes of coal on to the railway line . The protest lasted the whole day , until several protesters were removed from the train by police that night . The stations management said that the protest had no effect on output . The action was coordinated by Camp for Climate Action . Worker strike ( 2009 ) . On 18 June 2009 , fewer than 200 contractors walked out of or failed to show up in a wildcat strike , showing solidarity with workers at the Lindsey Oil Refinery in Lincolnshire where 51 workers had been laid off while another employer on the site was employing . A spokeswoman said the strike did not affect electricity output . Biomass fires ( 2011 , 2013 ) . In October 2011 a fire started by spontaneous combustion in a stockpile at the Port of Tyne biomass facility . Another fire occurred at the same facility in a conveyor transfer tower in October 2013 .
|
[
"National Power"
] |
[
{
"text": " Drax power station is a large biomass and coal-fired power station in North Yorkshire , England , capable of co-firing petcoke . It has a 2.6 GW capacity for biomass and 1.29 GW capacity for coal . Its name comes from the nearby village of Drax . It is situated on the River Ouse between Selby and Goole . Its generating capacity of 3,906 megawatts ( MW ) is the highest of any power station in the United Kingdom , providing about 6% of the United Kingdoms electricity supply .",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": "Opened in 1974 and extended in the 1980s , the station was initially operated by the Central Electricity Generating Board . Since privatisation in 1990 ownership has changed several times , and it is operated by the Drax Group . Completed in 1986 , it is the newest coal-fired power station in England . Flue gas desulphurisation equipment was fitted between 1988 and 1995 . The high and low pressure turbines were replaced between 2007 and 2012 .",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": "By 2010 , the station was co-firing biomass . In 2012 , the company announced plans to convert three generating units to solely biomass , burning 7.5 million tonnes imported from the United States and Canada . This work was completed in 2016 and a further fourth unit was converted in 2018 . The company now plans to convert its remaining two coal units to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine units and 200 MW battery storage . In February 2020 it was announced that Drax would stop burning coal by early 2021 , in accordance with the governments 2025 deadline to",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": "ban all coal-fired electricity in the United Kingdom .",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": " Drax was initially conceived by the Central Electricity Generating Board ( CEGB ) in 1962 as the countrys largest power station thus far , at about 3,000 MW . Subsequently , it was decided to use this opportunity as their first station to use the 660 MW turbogenerator sets which were planned to become the new standard , so the planning consents were revised to about 4,000 MW .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Following the Selby Coalfield discovery in 1967 the Board would build three large power stations to use its coal . These were an expansion of the station at Ferrybridge , a new station at Eggborough , and the largest being Drax .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Authority to carry out preparatory works was granted in December 1964 , leading to full permission in March 1966 , on the basis that the station would be designed to accommodate six 660 MW units , but that only the first three be proceeded with for the time being . Ground work for these three units , known at the time as Drax First Half , started in 1967 . Two units were synchronised to the grid in 1973 , and the third in 1974 .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "Although authorised , the second half of the project – known as Drax Completion – was deferred , because during the projects gestation the Boards energy mix policy shifted to working towards a majority nuclear system . The Board decided in 1977 that construction of the final three units would commence in 1979 with the target of commissioning in 1985/6 , as part of meeting load growth with an adjusted mix policy aiming for a balance of coal , nuclear , and oil . However , later that year in July , the Government requested that Drax Completion proceed immediately",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": ", ahead of requirements , in order to secure jobs in the North Easts heavy manufacturing industries . The Board agreed to this subject to being compensated .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "The architects were Jeff King and Dennis Merritt of Clifford , Tee and Gale . The architectural critic Reyner Banham was scathing of the design : less a brick cathedral than a concrete bunker.. . obsession with ribbed surfaces and forceful projections that have their origins in brutalism . Costain constructed the foundations and cable tunnels ; Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd . laid the roads and built the ancillary buildings ; Mowlem laid the deep foundations ; Alfred McAlpine built the administration and control buildings ; Balfour Beatty undertook general building works ; and James Scott installed cabling . Tarmac",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "Construction undertook the civil engineering works ; Holst Civil Engineers built the chimney ; Bierrum & Partners built the cooling towers ; N.G . Bailey installed cabling ; Reyrolle , English Electric and South Wales Switchgear produced and installed the switchgear ; English Electric manufactured the generator cooling water pumps ; T.W . Broadbent maintained the temporary electrical supplies ; and Sulzer Brothers manufactured the boiler feed pumps . In both phases the boilers were made by Babcock Power Ltd and the generators by C . A . Parsons and Company .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "Due to the project being split into two phases , it was decided for efficiency to design each phase as mirror image halves of one complete station with only the handful of items the whole site would share ( such as the flue stack and coal handling area ) needing to be built in First Half . This concept extended to seeking the same contractors and suppliers who worked on First Half for Completion . Unfortunately due to the decade timespan between comparable works on the two phases several manufacturers that had supplied First Half had merged or ceased trading",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": ". This , combined with changes in legislation , meant numerous components and equipment ranges used for First Half were either no longer available for Completion or had significantly changed . Separately , operating experience over that timespan had led to design improvements in equipment and plant specified by the Board , leading to a few significant areas of the design of Completion being altered .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": " The second phase was completed in 1986 . Construction of the power station entailed the demolition of a farm known as Wood House . Mitsui Babcock fitted flue-gas desulphurisation ( FGD ) equipment between 1988 and 1995 .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": " On privatisation of the CEGB in 1990 , the station was transferred from the CEGB to the privatised generating company National Power , which sold it to the AES Corporation in November 1999 for £1.87 billion ( US$3 billion ) . AES relinquished ownership in August 2003 , after falling into £1.3 billion of debt . Independent directors continued the operation to ensure security of supply . In December 2005 , after refinancing , ownership passed to the Drax Group .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "Separate acquisition offers from International Power , private equity group Texas Pacific , and a private equity backed bid from Constellation Energy were rejected for undervaluing the company . The companys valuation subsequently increased to 2005 as a result of rising electricity prices , and on 15 December 2005 Drax Group plc floated its shares on the London Stock Exchange , issuing £400 million worth of shares , on a valuation of £2.6 billion .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": " In 2009 , Drax Group submitted a planning application for the 300 MW biomass Ouse Renewable Energy Plant next to the power station . Government approval was obtained in mid 2011 . In February 2012 the company ceased planning development of the plant , citing logistics costs , and uncertainty concerning government financial support for biomass . Carbon capture and storage .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 Drax Power Limited , in response to a government consultation , stated they were sponsoring development studies into carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) , but noted that it was not then commercially viable , with costs comparable with nuclear or offshore wind power . On 17 June 2009 , Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Ed Miliband announced plans that would require all UK coal-fired power stations to be fitted with CCS technology by the early 2020s or face closure .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 a CCS project at Drax was shortlisted for government funding . In 2013 the White Rose Carbon Capture and Storage project ( formerly the UK OXY CCS project ) was shortlisted for the UK governments CCS scheme and in late 2013 was awarded a two-year FEED contract ( Front End Engineering Design ) for the CCS project . As of June 2014 , Drax is engaged in a joint venture with Alstom and BOC to build a 626 MW oxygen-fuelled combustion power station adjacent to the existing Drax site . National Grid would simultaneously construct a pipeline to",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "transport to the Yorkshire coast for sequestration .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 the project was awarded €300 million funding from the European Commission .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In September 2015 Drax announced it would not be making any further investments into the CCS scheme after completion of the feasibility study because negative changes to government support for renewable energy had made the project too financially risky , plus drops in the companys share price due to the same uncertainty had reduced Draxs ability to raise funds . Front End Engineering Design was expected to continue under Alstom and BOC with the project still being hosted at Drax . In late 2015 the UK Government withdrew its potential financial support for CCS projects – up to £1 billion",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "of funding , reversing support promised in the governing partys 2015 election manifesto . As a result , Leigh Hackett , CEO of Capture Power stated that [ I ] t is difficult to imagine its continuation in the absence of crucial government support .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In May 2018 , Drax announced a new carbon capture and storage pilot scheme that it would undertake in conjunction with the Leeds-based firm , C-Capture . The focus of this pilot will be on capturing carbon post combustion from the biomass burners as opposed to the coal burners . Drax will invest £400,000 into the project . The company , C-Capture , is a side company of the Department of Chemistry established at the University of Leeds . This would yield about of CO2 stored per day from the process , which could be sold on for use in",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "the drinks industry . The pilot scheme was launched in February 2019 . The capture of carbon from biomas burners is known as Bio Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage ( BECCS ) .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": " Drax Repower is a proposal to modify units 5 and 6 at Drax power station by installing combined cycle gas turbines . Waste heat from the gas turbines will pass to heat recovery steam generators which will generate steam for the existing steam turbines in the respective units . The repowered units are expected to have a total electrical output of 3.6 gigawatts . There is also a proposal to construct two battery storage facilities of 100 MW ( sic ) each . Statutory consultation on the project took place in January and February 2018 .",
"title": "Drax Repower"
},
{
"text": " The main buildings are of steel frame and metal clad construction . The main features are a turbine hall , a boiler house , a chimney and 12 cooling towers . The boiler house is high , and the turbine hall is long .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "The chimney stands high , with an overall diameter of , and weighs 44,000 tonnes . It consists of three elliptical flues of reinforced concrete , each serving two of the six boilers , set within a cylindrical wind shield , also of reinforced concrete . The top most elements , the 3 cap rings of the flues which extend above the wind shield , are of cast iron . When finished , the chimney was the largest industrial chimney in the world , and is still the tallest in the United Kingdom . The chimneys dimensions , including the",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "height , were dictated by a design total capacity of 5,100 m/s of gases at 26 m/s . As the station was designed and constructed prior to the CEGBs commitment to Flue Gas Desulpurisation , extensive measures were made to limit acid attack from sulphurous condensate , namely the lining of the flues with a fluoroelastomer , and coating of the upper 29.0m of the external surfaces with a mix of acid-resisting tiles and said fluoroelastomer .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": " The twelve high natural draft cooling towers stand in two groups of six to the north and south of the station . They are made of reinforced concrete , in the typical hyperboloid design , and each have a base diameter of . Other facilities include a coal storage area , FGD plant and gypsum handling facilities .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "The station is the third largest coal-fired power station in Europe , after Bełchatów Power Station in Poland , and Neurath Power Station in Germany . It produces around 24 terawatt hours ( TWh ) ( 86.4 petajoules ) of electricity annually . Although it generates around 1,500,000 tonnes of ash and 22,800,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide each year , it is the most carbon-efficient coal-fired power plant in the United Kingdom .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "The design life was set out in terms of number of start-ups and operating cycles , but with the presumption that the station would operate as a standard 2nd-tier ( nuclear stations being 1st-tier ) baseload generator in the pattern well established under the centralised state-owned electricity system , it was summarised as in the order of 40 years . The minimum requirement was for providing full load for weekdays , over a spell of 3 months with an availability over 85% . Weekend operations were expected to be between 50–100% of full power . Despite this intent for baseload",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "operation , it was designed with a reasonable ability for load-following , being able to ramp up or down by 5% of full power per minute within the range of 50–100% of full power .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": " The power station also has a jetty on the River Ouse , with a loading capacity of 200 tonnes- historically the jetty was built and used for the construction of the power station in the 1960s/70s – such as the delivery of equipment . In 2015 a planning application was submitted for the improvement of the jettys load capacity to 500 tonnes by White Rose CCS developer Capture Power Limited ( Drax/Alstom/BOC joint venture ) , for the construction of the CCS project .",
"title": "Ouse jetty"
},
{
"text": " The main transport route to the power station for fuel ( originally coal ) is train via a -long freight-only section of the former Hull and Barnsley Railway , from the Pontefract Line at Hensall Junction . A balloon loop rail layout is used so that wagons of coal do not need to be shunted after being unloaded . Merry-go-round trains are used , so that wagons can be unloaded without the train stopping as it passes through an unloading house . On average , there are 35 deliveries a day , 6 days a week .",
"title": "Fuel supply"
},
{
"text": "The power station also has a jetty ( see § Jetty ) – imports via the jetty ended c.1980 – in 2004 the jetty was trialled for the import of Tall Oil by barge .",
"title": "Fuel supply"
},
{
"text": " In its original form , the station had a maximum potential consumption of 36,000 tonnes of coal a day . In 2011 , it consumed 9.1 million tonnes of coal . This coal came from a mixture of both domestic and international sources , with domestic coal coming from mines in Yorkshire , the Midlands and Scotland , and foreign supplies coming from Australia , Colombia , Poland , Russia and South Africa . As of 2021 , all coal is sourced internationally .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "Fuel and other bulk commodities are supplied via a 6 mile branch line off the Wakefield and Goole railway line . Rail facilities include a west-facing junction on the Goole line , gross-weight and tare-weight weighbridges , limestone and gypsum handling facilities , including a handling building and control room for the FGD plant , FGD Sidings G and H , biomass offload ( Track A ) , coal offload ( Tracks A , B and C ) , bypass line ( Track D ) , oil siding ( Track E ) and ash loading ( Track F ) and",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "an unloading building and control room .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "When the station opened , most of the coal burned was from local collieries in Yorkshire , including Kellingley Colliery , Prince of Wales , Ackton Hall , Sharlston Colliery , Fryston Colliery , Askern Colliery and Bentley Colliery . Following the miners strike in the mid-1980s , by 2006 , all but Kellingley had closed . ( Kellingley closed at the end of 2015. ) UK Coal had a five-year contract to supply coal , which ended at the end of 2009 , from Kellingley , Maltby and , until its closure in 2007 , Rossington . Coal was",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "also brought from Harworth Colliery until it was mothballed , and was supplied by Daw Mill in Warwickshire .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": " The foreign coal is brought via various ports by rail . In c.2007 GB Railfreight won a contract to move coal brought from the Port of Tyne , celebrated by the company naming one of their locomotives Drax Power Station in 2007 . DB Cargo UK haul coal from the nearby ports of Hull and Immingham , and from Hunterston Terminal on the west coast of Scotland . Freightliner Group move coal imported through Redcar .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "The station tested co-firing biomass in the summer of 2004 , and in doing so was the first power station in the UK to be fuelled by wood . The initial trial of 14,100 tonnes of willow was locally sourced from nearby Eggborough . Since the trial , the stations use of biomass has continued . It uses direct injection for firing the biomass , whereby it bypasses the pulverising mills and is either injected directly into the boiler or the fuel line , for greater throughput . In 2009 a target was set for 12.5% of the stations energy",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "to be sourced from biomass , and the shift to biomass was intended to contribute to the aim of cutting emissions by 15% . The station burns a large range of biomass , mostly wood pellets , sunflower pellets , olive , peanut shell husk and rape meal . The majority comes from overseas . A 100,000 tonne pa capacity straw pelletization facility was constructed at Capitol Park , Goole in 2008 , opened 2009 . Construction of specialised biomass handling facilities began in 2009 at the Port of Tyne and at Drax .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In the 2000s Drax Group applied for planning permission to build a new 300 MW power station , fuelled entirely by biomass , to the north of the station ; the Ouse Renewable Energy Plant was expected to burn 1,400,000 tonnes of biomass each year , saving 1,850,000 tonnes of emissions , and expected to create 850 construction jobs and 150 permanent jobs created once opened , through direct and contract employment . Plans were submitted to the Department of Energy and Climate Change in July 2009 for review ; if permission was granted , construction was scheduled begin in",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "late 2010 and to take up to three and a half years . Two other 300 MW biomass plants were planned by Drax at the ports of Hull and Immingham .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 Drax group abandoned plans for the discrete biomass plant development , due to changes in government subsidies for biomass energy production favouring plant conversions over newly built plants . It switched to a project to convert half of the units at its existing plant to biomass firing . Full firing with biomass .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In September 2012 Drax Group announced the conversion to full firing with biomass of three of its six units . The first unit was scheduled to be online by June 2013 , the second unit in 2014 , and the third by 2017 ; initially a biomass supply had been secured for the first unit . The cost was estimated at £700 million ( $1.13 billion ) , including modifications to fuel mills and boilers and the construction of storage structures and conveyors for the wood pellet fuel . Each unit will consume about 2.3 million tonnes of biomass yearly",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": ", requiring an estimated annual total of 7.5 million tonnes in 2017 . This is equivalent to two-thirds of Europes entire energy biomass consumption in 2010 , and requires of forest to supply on a continuous basis .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " North America was expected to be the source of the vast majority of the biomass , although some would be domestically sourced willow and elephant grass .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "Drax Groups decision was enabled by a new UK government policy , effective in April 2013 , to award 1.0 tradable ROCs ( renewable obligation certificates ) per megawatt of power generation from coal power plants that are fully converted to burn biomass ; CEO Dorothy Thompson stated the company intended to become a predominately biomass-fuelled energy producer . By April 2013 financing for the scheme include £190 million through sale of shares , £100 million from Prudential/ M&G UK Companies Financing Fund , £50 million from the UK Green Investment Bank , and £75 million Friends Life ( underwritten",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "by HM Treasury ) , as well as a £400 million credit facility .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " As of 2013 there were plans to install 1 million tonne per year wood pellets pelletizing plants at Morehouse Parish , Louisiana , and Gloster , Mississippi , which would be shipped by road and rail to the port of Baton Rouge , Louisiana then shipped in 50,000-tonne cargo ships to UK . In the financial report for 2013 , Drax announced that an additional 2 million tons pelletisation capacity was being considered , likely to be built in the US .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In 2013 the company signed an agreement with ABP to develop handling facilities at the Port of Hull , Immingham and Grimsby ; construction of automated facilities began in 2013 , creating capacities of 3 and 1 million tonnes per year at the ports of Immingham and Hull respectively , adding to the 1.4 million tonne per year Port of Tyne biomass facility built in 2009 . In the same year a new design covered rail wagon with high volumetric capacity for transporting the low density biomass pellets was unveiled for use by Drax in the UK ; 200 wagons",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "of the type were ordered . At Drax pellets would be stored in domes , and transferred by a conveyor system before grinding to dust for use .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " The Shepherd Building Group was contracted to construct the biomass handling and storage facilities at Drax , with RPS Group as the civil engineer . The design included automated rail to storage handling , screening and storage facilities consisting of four high by wide storage domes with a capacity of . The concrete dome technology was supplied by E & D Company , PLLC ( trading as Engineering System Solutions , ES2 ) and Dome Technology LLC .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "By July 2013 one firing unit had been converted , and was reported to be functioning correctly ; by 2013 the conversion of the second and third units was scheduled for 2014 and during or before 2016 respectively . The second unit was converted by May 2014 , initially co-firing an 85% biomass/coal mix due to limited biomass supply .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " In April 2014 Drax was awarded a renewable contract for difference ( CFD ) subsidy for biomass based power generation on another converted coal firing unit , but a third unit , which had been previously marked as eligible for CFD funding was excluded ; Drax Group then legally challenged the decision , initially obtaining a ruling in its favour , which was overturned in the Court of Appeal . In July 2014 the High Court ruled in Draxs favour .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "Biomass conversion at Drax led to it requiring 82% of UK biomass imports from the US in 2014 ( 60% overall of all US wood pellet export ) , a large factor in a 40% yearly increase in biomass export from that country ; US sourced imports represented 58% of Draxs biomass use in 2014 , with 22% from Canada .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " A port facility in Baton Rouge , Louisiana was completed by April 2015 . In mid-2015 Drax reached an agreement with Peel Ports to construct a 3million ton per year biomass importation facility at the Port of Liverpool , estimated cost £100 million . The rail connected facility was to include 100,000 tonnes storage , and be constructed by Graham Construction .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In September 2015 Drax Group and Infinis began a legal action against the UK government due to claimed insufficient notice being given about the withdrawal of a climate related tax exemption ( see Climate Change Levy ) – Drax claimed the change would reduce its earnings by £30 million . The claim was rejected by the High Court in February 2016 .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " In December 2016 the European Competition Commission approved UK government subsidies for the conversion of the third unit to biomass burning .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "The station started to trial the co-firing of petcoke ( petroleum coke ) in one of its boilers in June 2005 , ending in June 2007 , burning 15% petcoke and 85% coal . Petcoke was burned to make the electricity more competitive as the price of running the FGD equipment was making the electricity more expensive . The Environment Agency ( EA ) granted permission for the trial in June 2004 , despite the plans being opposed by Friends of the Earth and Selby Council . To meet their concerns , emissions were constantly monitored through the trial ,",
"title": "Petcoke"
},
{
"text": "and they were not allowed to burn petcoke without operating the FGD plant to remove the high sulphur content of the emissions . The trial proved that there were no significant negative effects on the environment , and so in late 2007 Drax Group applied to move from trial conditions to commercial burning . The EA granted permission in early 2008 after agreeing with Draxs findings that the fuel had no significant negative effects on the environment . The station can now burn up to 300,000 tonnes of the fuel a year , and stock up to 6,000 tonnes on",
"title": "Petcoke"
},
{
"text": "site .",
"title": "Petcoke"
},
{
"text": "Coal is fed into one of 30 coal bunkers , each with a capacity of 1,000 tonnes . Each bunker feeds two of the 60 pulverisers , each of which can crush 36 tonnes of coal an hour . The station has six Babcock Power boilers , each weighing 4,000 tonnes . The powdered coal from ten pulverisers is blasted into each boiler through burners , which are ignited by propane . In 2003 the original burners were replaced by low nitrogen oxide burners . Each of the six boilers feed steam to a steam turbine set , consisting of",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": "one high pressure ( HP ) turbine , one intermediate pressure ( IP ) turbine and three low pressure ( LP ) turbines . Each HP turbine generates 140 MW . Exhaust steam from them is fed back to the boiler and reheated , then fed to the 250 MW IP turbines and finally passes through the 90MW LP turbines . This gives each generating set a generating capacity of 660 MW : with six generating sets , the station has a total capacity of 3,960 MW . Each of the generating units is equipped with the Advanced Plant Management",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": "System ( APMS ) , a system developed by RWE npower and Thales , and implemented by Capula .",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": " The station also has six gas turbines providing backup for breakdowns , or shut downs in the National Grid . Their annual output is generally low , generating 75 MW and three of the units have been mothballed and are out of operation , but they could be refurbished . Emissions from these units are released through the stations second , smaller chimney , to the south of the main stack . Between 2007 and 2012 the high and low pressure turbines were replaced by Siemens in a £100 million programme .",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": "Water is essential to a thermal power station , heated to create steam to turn the steam turbines . Water used in the boilers is taken from two licensed boreholes on site . Once this water has been through the turbines it is cooled by condensers using water taken from the nearby River Ouse . Water is pumped from the river by a pumphouse on the river , north of the station . Once it has been through the condenser , the water is cooled by one of the natural draft cooling towers , with two towers serving each generating",
"title": "Cooling system"
},
{
"text": "set . Once cooled , the water is discharged back into the river .",
"title": "Cooling system"
},
{
"text": "All six units are served by an independent wet limestone-gypsum FGD plant , which was installed between 1988 and 1996 . This diverts gases from the boilers and passes them through a limestone slurry , which removes at least 90% of the sulphur dioxide . This is equivalent to removing over 250,000 tonnes of SO each year . The process requires 10,000 tonnes of limestone a week , sourced from Tunstead Quarry in Derbyshire . A byproduct of the process is gypsum , with 15,000 tonnes produced each week . This goes to be used in the manufacture of plasterboard",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": ". The gypsum is sold exclusively to British Gypsum , and it is transported by rail to their plants at Kirkby Thore ( on the Settle-Carlisle Line ) , East Leake ( on the former Great Central Main Line ) and occasionally to Robertsbridge ( on the Hastings Line ) . DB Cargo UK transport the gypsum .",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": "Pulverised fuel ash ( PFA ) and furnace bottom ash ( FBA ) are two byproducts from the burning of coal . Each year , the station produces about 1,000,000 tonnes of PFA and around 220,000 tonnes of FBA : all FBA and 85% of PFA is sold . Under the trade name Drax Ash Products , the ash is sold to the local building industry , where it is used in the manufacture of blocks , cement products , grouting and the laying of roads . The ash is also used in other parts of the country . Between",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": "2005 and 2007 , PFA was used as an infill at four disused salt mines in Northwich in Cheshire . 1,100,000 tonnes was used in the project , which was to avoid a future risk of subsidence in the town . Ash was delivered by DB Schenker in ten trains a week , each carrying 1,100 tonnes . Following a trial in January 2010 , PFA is also transported to Waterford , Ireland by boat . One ship a month will transport 1,200 tonnes for the manufacture of construction materials . This will replace 480 lorry journeys annually and is",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": "deemed more environmentally friendly .",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": " The unsold PFA is sent by conveyor belt to the Barlow ash mound , which is used for disposal and temporary stockpile . Three conveyors feed the mound , with a total capacity of 750 tonnes an hour . FGD gypsum is disposed of on the mound if it is not of a high enough grade to be sold . The mound has won a number of awards for its nature conservation work .",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": " The environmental effects of coal burning are well documented . Coal is considered to be easily the most carbon-intensive and polluting form of energy generation available . In 2007 the station produced 22,160,000 tonnes of , making it the largest single source of in the UK . Between 2000 and 2007 , there has been a net increase in carbon dioxide of over 3,000,000 tonnes . The station also has the highest estimated emissions of nitrogen oxides in the European Union .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , in a move to try to lower emissions , Drax Group signed a £100 million contract with Siemens Power Generation to re-blade the steam turbines over four years . This is the largest steam turbine modernisation ever undertaken in the UK , and will increase efficiency . Coupled with the co-firing of biomass , this is part of a target to reduce emissions by 15% by 2011 .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": " Draxs annual report for 2013 reported that Draxs annual emissions were at 20,612,000 tonnes of . This was a slight decrease from 2007 levels due to the burning of biomass . Drax remained the UKs largest single emitter of carbon dioxide up until 2016 , when the power station claimed that its improvement programmes and conversion to burning biomass , had meant a drastic decrease in greenhouses gases being released into the atmosphere .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "Drax has opted in to the Large Combustion Plant Directive ( LCPD ) and thus is permitted to continue operating beyond 2015 . The use of flue gas desulfurisation ensures that the limits on sulphur dioxide emissions are not exceeded .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": " Protests , industrial action and incidents . Climate Camp ( 2006 ) . On 31 August 2006 , over 600 people attended a protest against the high carbon emissions . It was coordinated by the Camp for Climate Action group . At least 3,000 police officers from 12 forces were reported to have been drafted in for the duration of the protest , to safeguard electricity supplies and prevent the protesters from shutting the station down . Thirty-nine people were arrested after trying illegally to gain access to the plant . Train protest ( 2008 ) .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "At 8:00 am on 13 June 2008 , more than 30 climate change campaigners halted an EWS coal train en route to the station by disguising themselves as rail workers by wearing high-visibility clothing and waving red flags . Stopping the train on a bridge across the River Aire , they scaled the wagons with the aid of the bridges girders . They then mounted a banner reading Leave it in the ground on the side of the wagon and tied the train to the bridge , preventing it moving . They then shovelled more than 20 tonnes of coal",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "on to the railway line . The protest lasted the whole day , until several protesters were removed from the train by police that night . The stations management said that the protest had no effect on output . The action was coordinated by Camp for Climate Action .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": " Worker strike ( 2009 ) . On 18 June 2009 , fewer than 200 contractors walked out of or failed to show up in a wildcat strike , showing solidarity with workers at the Lindsey Oil Refinery in Lincolnshire where 51 workers had been laid off while another employer on the site was employing . A spokeswoman said the strike did not affect electricity output . Biomass fires ( 2011 , 2013 ) .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "In October 2011 a fire started by spontaneous combustion in a stockpile at the Port of Tyne biomass facility . Another fire occurred at the same facility in a conveyor transfer tower in October 2013 .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
}
] |
/wiki/Drax_Power_Station#P127#2
|
Who was the owner of Drax Power Station between Feb 1999 and Oct 1999?
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Drax Power Station Drax power station is a large biomass and coal-fired power station in North Yorkshire , England , capable of co-firing petcoke . It has a 2.6 GW capacity for biomass and 1.29 GW capacity for coal . Its name comes from the nearby village of Drax . It is situated on the River Ouse between Selby and Goole . Its generating capacity of 3,906 megawatts ( MW ) is the highest of any power station in the United Kingdom , providing about 6% of the United Kingdoms electricity supply . Opened in 1974 and extended in the 1980s , the station was initially operated by the Central Electricity Generating Board . Since privatisation in 1990 ownership has changed several times , and it is operated by the Drax Group . Completed in 1986 , it is the newest coal-fired power station in England . Flue gas desulphurisation equipment was fitted between 1988 and 1995 . The high and low pressure turbines were replaced between 2007 and 2012 . By 2010 , the station was co-firing biomass . In 2012 , the company announced plans to convert three generating units to solely biomass , burning 7.5 million tonnes imported from the United States and Canada . This work was completed in 2016 and a further fourth unit was converted in 2018 . The company now plans to convert its remaining two coal units to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine units and 200 MW battery storage . In February 2020 it was announced that Drax would stop burning coal by early 2021 , in accordance with the governments 2025 deadline to ban all coal-fired electricity in the United Kingdom . History . Drax was initially conceived by the Central Electricity Generating Board ( CEGB ) in 1962 as the countrys largest power station thus far , at about 3,000 MW . Subsequently , it was decided to use this opportunity as their first station to use the 660 MW turbogenerator sets which were planned to become the new standard , so the planning consents were revised to about 4,000 MW . Following the Selby Coalfield discovery in 1967 the Board would build three large power stations to use its coal . These were an expansion of the station at Ferrybridge , a new station at Eggborough , and the largest being Drax . Construction . Authority to carry out preparatory works was granted in December 1964 , leading to full permission in March 1966 , on the basis that the station would be designed to accommodate six 660 MW units , but that only the first three be proceeded with for the time being . Ground work for these three units , known at the time as Drax First Half , started in 1967 . Two units were synchronised to the grid in 1973 , and the third in 1974 . Although authorised , the second half of the project – known as Drax Completion – was deferred , because during the projects gestation the Boards energy mix policy shifted to working towards a majority nuclear system . The Board decided in 1977 that construction of the final three units would commence in 1979 with the target of commissioning in 1985/6 , as part of meeting load growth with an adjusted mix policy aiming for a balance of coal , nuclear , and oil . However , later that year in July , the Government requested that Drax Completion proceed immediately , ahead of requirements , in order to secure jobs in the North Easts heavy manufacturing industries . The Board agreed to this subject to being compensated . The architects were Jeff King and Dennis Merritt of Clifford , Tee and Gale . The architectural critic Reyner Banham was scathing of the design : less a brick cathedral than a concrete bunker.. . obsession with ribbed surfaces and forceful projections that have their origins in brutalism . Costain constructed the foundations and cable tunnels ; Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd . laid the roads and built the ancillary buildings ; Mowlem laid the deep foundations ; Alfred McAlpine built the administration and control buildings ; Balfour Beatty undertook general building works ; and James Scott installed cabling . Tarmac Construction undertook the civil engineering works ; Holst Civil Engineers built the chimney ; Bierrum & Partners built the cooling towers ; N.G . Bailey installed cabling ; Reyrolle , English Electric and South Wales Switchgear produced and installed the switchgear ; English Electric manufactured the generator cooling water pumps ; T.W . Broadbent maintained the temporary electrical supplies ; and Sulzer Brothers manufactured the boiler feed pumps . In both phases the boilers were made by Babcock Power Ltd and the generators by C . A . Parsons and Company . Due to the project being split into two phases , it was decided for efficiency to design each phase as mirror image halves of one complete station with only the handful of items the whole site would share ( such as the flue stack and coal handling area ) needing to be built in First Half . This concept extended to seeking the same contractors and suppliers who worked on First Half for Completion . Unfortunately due to the decade timespan between comparable works on the two phases several manufacturers that had supplied First Half had merged or ceased trading . This , combined with changes in legislation , meant numerous components and equipment ranges used for First Half were either no longer available for Completion or had significantly changed . Separately , operating experience over that timespan had led to design improvements in equipment and plant specified by the Board , leading to a few significant areas of the design of Completion being altered . The second phase was completed in 1986 . Construction of the power station entailed the demolition of a farm known as Wood House . Mitsui Babcock fitted flue-gas desulphurisation ( FGD ) equipment between 1988 and 1995 . Post-privatisation . On privatisation of the CEGB in 1990 , the station was transferred from the CEGB to the privatised generating company National Power , which sold it to the AES Corporation in November 1999 for £1.87 billion ( US$3 billion ) . AES relinquished ownership in August 2003 , after falling into £1.3 billion of debt . Independent directors continued the operation to ensure security of supply . In December 2005 , after refinancing , ownership passed to the Drax Group . Separate acquisition offers from International Power , private equity group Texas Pacific , and a private equity backed bid from Constellation Energy were rejected for undervaluing the company . The companys valuation subsequently increased to 2005 as a result of rising electricity prices , and on 15 December 2005 Drax Group plc floated its shares on the London Stock Exchange , issuing £400 million worth of shares , on a valuation of £2.6 billion . In 2009 , Drax Group submitted a planning application for the 300 MW biomass Ouse Renewable Energy Plant next to the power station . Government approval was obtained in mid 2011 . In February 2012 the company ceased planning development of the plant , citing logistics costs , and uncertainty concerning government financial support for biomass . Carbon capture and storage . In 2006 Drax Power Limited , in response to a government consultation , stated they were sponsoring development studies into carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) , but noted that it was not then commercially viable , with costs comparable with nuclear or offshore wind power . On 17 June 2009 , Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Ed Miliband announced plans that would require all UK coal-fired power stations to be fitted with CCS technology by the early 2020s or face closure . In 2012 a CCS project at Drax was shortlisted for government funding . In 2013 the White Rose Carbon Capture and Storage project ( formerly the UK OXY CCS project ) was shortlisted for the UK governments CCS scheme and in late 2013 was awarded a two-year FEED contract ( Front End Engineering Design ) for the CCS project . As of June 2014 , Drax is engaged in a joint venture with Alstom and BOC to build a 626 MW oxygen-fuelled combustion power station adjacent to the existing Drax site . National Grid would simultaneously construct a pipeline to transport to the Yorkshire coast for sequestration . In July 2014 the project was awarded €300 million funding from the European Commission . In September 2015 Drax announced it would not be making any further investments into the CCS scheme after completion of the feasibility study because negative changes to government support for renewable energy had made the project too financially risky , plus drops in the companys share price due to the same uncertainty had reduced Draxs ability to raise funds . Front End Engineering Design was expected to continue under Alstom and BOC with the project still being hosted at Drax . In late 2015 the UK Government withdrew its potential financial support for CCS projects – up to £1 billion of funding , reversing support promised in the governing partys 2015 election manifesto . As a result , Leigh Hackett , CEO of Capture Power stated that [ I ] t is difficult to imagine its continuation in the absence of crucial government support . In May 2018 , Drax announced a new carbon capture and storage pilot scheme that it would undertake in conjunction with the Leeds-based firm , C-Capture . The focus of this pilot will be on capturing carbon post combustion from the biomass burners as opposed to the coal burners . Drax will invest £400,000 into the project . The company , C-Capture , is a side company of the Department of Chemistry established at the University of Leeds . This would yield about of CO2 stored per day from the process , which could be sold on for use in the drinks industry . The pilot scheme was launched in February 2019 . The capture of carbon from biomas burners is known as Bio Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage ( BECCS ) . Drax Repower . Drax Repower is a proposal to modify units 5 and 6 at Drax power station by installing combined cycle gas turbines . Waste heat from the gas turbines will pass to heat recovery steam generators which will generate steam for the existing steam turbines in the respective units . The repowered units are expected to have a total electrical output of 3.6 gigawatts . There is also a proposal to construct two battery storage facilities of 100 MW ( sic ) each . Statutory consultation on the project took place in January and February 2018 . Design and specification . The main buildings are of steel frame and metal clad construction . The main features are a turbine hall , a boiler house , a chimney and 12 cooling towers . The boiler house is high , and the turbine hall is long . The chimney stands high , with an overall diameter of , and weighs 44,000 tonnes . It consists of three elliptical flues of reinforced concrete , each serving two of the six boilers , set within a cylindrical wind shield , also of reinforced concrete . The top most elements , the 3 cap rings of the flues which extend above the wind shield , are of cast iron . When finished , the chimney was the largest industrial chimney in the world , and is still the tallest in the United Kingdom . The chimneys dimensions , including the height , were dictated by a design total capacity of 5,100 m/s of gases at 26 m/s . As the station was designed and constructed prior to the CEGBs commitment to Flue Gas Desulpurisation , extensive measures were made to limit acid attack from sulphurous condensate , namely the lining of the flues with a fluoroelastomer , and coating of the upper 29.0m of the external surfaces with a mix of acid-resisting tiles and said fluoroelastomer . The twelve high natural draft cooling towers stand in two groups of six to the north and south of the station . They are made of reinforced concrete , in the typical hyperboloid design , and each have a base diameter of . Other facilities include a coal storage area , FGD plant and gypsum handling facilities . The station is the third largest coal-fired power station in Europe , after Bełchatów Power Station in Poland , and Neurath Power Station in Germany . It produces around 24 terawatt hours ( TWh ) ( 86.4 petajoules ) of electricity annually . Although it generates around 1,500,000 tonnes of ash and 22,800,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide each year , it is the most carbon-efficient coal-fired power plant in the United Kingdom . The design life was set out in terms of number of start-ups and operating cycles , but with the presumption that the station would operate as a standard 2nd-tier ( nuclear stations being 1st-tier ) baseload generator in the pattern well established under the centralised state-owned electricity system , it was summarised as in the order of 40 years . The minimum requirement was for providing full load for weekdays , over a spell of 3 months with an availability over 85% . Weekend operations were expected to be between 50–100% of full power . Despite this intent for baseload operation , it was designed with a reasonable ability for load-following , being able to ramp up or down by 5% of full power per minute within the range of 50–100% of full power . Ouse jetty . The power station also has a jetty on the River Ouse , with a loading capacity of 200 tonnes- historically the jetty was built and used for the construction of the power station in the 1960s/70s – such as the delivery of equipment . In 2015 a planning application was submitted for the improvement of the jettys load capacity to 500 tonnes by White Rose CCS developer Capture Power Limited ( Drax/Alstom/BOC joint venture ) , for the construction of the CCS project . Fuel supply . The main transport route to the power station for fuel ( originally coal ) is train via a -long freight-only section of the former Hull and Barnsley Railway , from the Pontefract Line at Hensall Junction . A balloon loop rail layout is used so that wagons of coal do not need to be shunted after being unloaded . Merry-go-round trains are used , so that wagons can be unloaded without the train stopping as it passes through an unloading house . On average , there are 35 deliveries a day , 6 days a week . The power station also has a jetty ( see § Jetty ) – imports via the jetty ended c.1980 – in 2004 the jetty was trialled for the import of Tall Oil by barge . Coal supply . In its original form , the station had a maximum potential consumption of 36,000 tonnes of coal a day . In 2011 , it consumed 9.1 million tonnes of coal . This coal came from a mixture of both domestic and international sources , with domestic coal coming from mines in Yorkshire , the Midlands and Scotland , and foreign supplies coming from Australia , Colombia , Poland , Russia and South Africa . As of 2021 , all coal is sourced internationally . Fuel and other bulk commodities are supplied via a 6 mile branch line off the Wakefield and Goole railway line . Rail facilities include a west-facing junction on the Goole line , gross-weight and tare-weight weighbridges , limestone and gypsum handling facilities , including a handling building and control room for the FGD plant , FGD Sidings G and H , biomass offload ( Track A ) , coal offload ( Tracks A , B and C ) , bypass line ( Track D ) , oil siding ( Track E ) and ash loading ( Track F ) and an unloading building and control room . When the station opened , most of the coal burned was from local collieries in Yorkshire , including Kellingley Colliery , Prince of Wales , Ackton Hall , Sharlston Colliery , Fryston Colliery , Askern Colliery and Bentley Colliery . Following the miners strike in the mid-1980s , by 2006 , all but Kellingley had closed . ( Kellingley closed at the end of 2015. ) UK Coal had a five-year contract to supply coal , which ended at the end of 2009 , from Kellingley , Maltby and , until its closure in 2007 , Rossington . Coal was also brought from Harworth Colliery until it was mothballed , and was supplied by Daw Mill in Warwickshire . The foreign coal is brought via various ports by rail . In c.2007 GB Railfreight won a contract to move coal brought from the Port of Tyne , celebrated by the company naming one of their locomotives Drax Power Station in 2007 . DB Cargo UK haul coal from the nearby ports of Hull and Immingham , and from Hunterston Terminal on the west coast of Scotland . Freightliner Group move coal imported through Redcar . Biomass . Co-firing . The station tested co-firing biomass in the summer of 2004 , and in doing so was the first power station in the UK to be fuelled by wood . The initial trial of 14,100 tonnes of willow was locally sourced from nearby Eggborough . Since the trial , the stations use of biomass has continued . It uses direct injection for firing the biomass , whereby it bypasses the pulverising mills and is either injected directly into the boiler or the fuel line , for greater throughput . In 2009 a target was set for 12.5% of the stations energy to be sourced from biomass , and the shift to biomass was intended to contribute to the aim of cutting emissions by 15% . The station burns a large range of biomass , mostly wood pellets , sunflower pellets , olive , peanut shell husk and rape meal . The majority comes from overseas . A 100,000 tonne pa capacity straw pelletization facility was constructed at Capitol Park , Goole in 2008 , opened 2009 . Construction of specialised biomass handling facilities began in 2009 at the Port of Tyne and at Drax . Proposed new biomass plants . In the 2000s Drax Group applied for planning permission to build a new 300 MW power station , fuelled entirely by biomass , to the north of the station ; the Ouse Renewable Energy Plant was expected to burn 1,400,000 tonnes of biomass each year , saving 1,850,000 tonnes of emissions , and expected to create 850 construction jobs and 150 permanent jobs created once opened , through direct and contract employment . Plans were submitted to the Department of Energy and Climate Change in July 2009 for review ; if permission was granted , construction was scheduled begin in late 2010 and to take up to three and a half years . Two other 300 MW biomass plants were planned by Drax at the ports of Hull and Immingham . In 2012 Drax group abandoned plans for the discrete biomass plant development , due to changes in government subsidies for biomass energy production favouring plant conversions over newly built plants . It switched to a project to convert half of the units at its existing plant to biomass firing . Full firing with biomass . In September 2012 Drax Group announced the conversion to full firing with biomass of three of its six units . The first unit was scheduled to be online by June 2013 , the second unit in 2014 , and the third by 2017 ; initially a biomass supply had been secured for the first unit . The cost was estimated at £700 million ( $1.13 billion ) , including modifications to fuel mills and boilers and the construction of storage structures and conveyors for the wood pellet fuel . Each unit will consume about 2.3 million tonnes of biomass yearly , requiring an estimated annual total of 7.5 million tonnes in 2017 . This is equivalent to two-thirds of Europes entire energy biomass consumption in 2010 , and requires of forest to supply on a continuous basis . North America was expected to be the source of the vast majority of the biomass , although some would be domestically sourced willow and elephant grass . Drax Groups decision was enabled by a new UK government policy , effective in April 2013 , to award 1.0 tradable ROCs ( renewable obligation certificates ) per megawatt of power generation from coal power plants that are fully converted to burn biomass ; CEO Dorothy Thompson stated the company intended to become a predominately biomass-fuelled energy producer . By April 2013 financing for the scheme include £190 million through sale of shares , £100 million from Prudential/ M&G UK Companies Financing Fund , £50 million from the UK Green Investment Bank , and £75 million Friends Life ( underwritten by HM Treasury ) , as well as a £400 million credit facility . As of 2013 there were plans to install 1 million tonne per year wood pellets pelletizing plants at Morehouse Parish , Louisiana , and Gloster , Mississippi , which would be shipped by road and rail to the port of Baton Rouge , Louisiana then shipped in 50,000-tonne cargo ships to UK . In the financial report for 2013 , Drax announced that an additional 2 million tons pelletisation capacity was being considered , likely to be built in the US . In 2013 the company signed an agreement with ABP to develop handling facilities at the Port of Hull , Immingham and Grimsby ; construction of automated facilities began in 2013 , creating capacities of 3 and 1 million tonnes per year at the ports of Immingham and Hull respectively , adding to the 1.4 million tonne per year Port of Tyne biomass facility built in 2009 . In the same year a new design covered rail wagon with high volumetric capacity for transporting the low density biomass pellets was unveiled for use by Drax in the UK ; 200 wagons of the type were ordered . At Drax pellets would be stored in domes , and transferred by a conveyor system before grinding to dust for use . The Shepherd Building Group was contracted to construct the biomass handling and storage facilities at Drax , with RPS Group as the civil engineer . The design included automated rail to storage handling , screening and storage facilities consisting of four high by wide storage domes with a capacity of . The concrete dome technology was supplied by E & D Company , PLLC ( trading as Engineering System Solutions , ES2 ) and Dome Technology LLC . By July 2013 one firing unit had been converted , and was reported to be functioning correctly ; by 2013 the conversion of the second and third units was scheduled for 2014 and during or before 2016 respectively . The second unit was converted by May 2014 , initially co-firing an 85% biomass/coal mix due to limited biomass supply . In April 2014 Drax was awarded a renewable contract for difference ( CFD ) subsidy for biomass based power generation on another converted coal firing unit , but a third unit , which had been previously marked as eligible for CFD funding was excluded ; Drax Group then legally challenged the decision , initially obtaining a ruling in its favour , which was overturned in the Court of Appeal . In July 2014 the High Court ruled in Draxs favour . Biomass conversion at Drax led to it requiring 82% of UK biomass imports from the US in 2014 ( 60% overall of all US wood pellet export ) , a large factor in a 40% yearly increase in biomass export from that country ; US sourced imports represented 58% of Draxs biomass use in 2014 , with 22% from Canada . A port facility in Baton Rouge , Louisiana was completed by April 2015 . In mid-2015 Drax reached an agreement with Peel Ports to construct a 3million ton per year biomass importation facility at the Port of Liverpool , estimated cost £100 million . The rail connected facility was to include 100,000 tonnes storage , and be constructed by Graham Construction . In September 2015 Drax Group and Infinis began a legal action against the UK government due to claimed insufficient notice being given about the withdrawal of a climate related tax exemption ( see Climate Change Levy ) – Drax claimed the change would reduce its earnings by £30 million . The claim was rejected by the High Court in February 2016 . In December 2016 the European Competition Commission approved UK government subsidies for the conversion of the third unit to biomass burning . Petcoke . The station started to trial the co-firing of petcoke ( petroleum coke ) in one of its boilers in June 2005 , ending in June 2007 , burning 15% petcoke and 85% coal . Petcoke was burned to make the electricity more competitive as the price of running the FGD equipment was making the electricity more expensive . The Environment Agency ( EA ) granted permission for the trial in June 2004 , despite the plans being opposed by Friends of the Earth and Selby Council . To meet their concerns , emissions were constantly monitored through the trial , and they were not allowed to burn petcoke without operating the FGD plant to remove the high sulphur content of the emissions . The trial proved that there were no significant negative effects on the environment , and so in late 2007 Drax Group applied to move from trial conditions to commercial burning . The EA granted permission in early 2008 after agreeing with Draxs findings that the fuel had no significant negative effects on the environment . The station can now burn up to 300,000 tonnes of the fuel a year , and stock up to 6,000 tonnes on site . Electricity generation . Coal is fed into one of 30 coal bunkers , each with a capacity of 1,000 tonnes . Each bunker feeds two of the 60 pulverisers , each of which can crush 36 tonnes of coal an hour . The station has six Babcock Power boilers , each weighing 4,000 tonnes . The powdered coal from ten pulverisers is blasted into each boiler through burners , which are ignited by propane . In 2003 the original burners were replaced by low nitrogen oxide burners . Each of the six boilers feed steam to a steam turbine set , consisting of one high pressure ( HP ) turbine , one intermediate pressure ( IP ) turbine and three low pressure ( LP ) turbines . Each HP turbine generates 140 MW . Exhaust steam from them is fed back to the boiler and reheated , then fed to the 250 MW IP turbines and finally passes through the 90MW LP turbines . This gives each generating set a generating capacity of 660 MW : with six generating sets , the station has a total capacity of 3,960 MW . Each of the generating units is equipped with the Advanced Plant Management System ( APMS ) , a system developed by RWE npower and Thales , and implemented by Capula . The station also has six gas turbines providing backup for breakdowns , or shut downs in the National Grid . Their annual output is generally low , generating 75 MW and three of the units have been mothballed and are out of operation , but they could be refurbished . Emissions from these units are released through the stations second , smaller chimney , to the south of the main stack . Between 2007 and 2012 the high and low pressure turbines were replaced by Siemens in a £100 million programme . Cooling system . Water is essential to a thermal power station , heated to create steam to turn the steam turbines . Water used in the boilers is taken from two licensed boreholes on site . Once this water has been through the turbines it is cooled by condensers using water taken from the nearby River Ouse . Water is pumped from the river by a pumphouse on the river , north of the station . Once it has been through the condenser , the water is cooled by one of the natural draft cooling towers , with two towers serving each generating set . Once cooled , the water is discharged back into the river . Waste products . Flue gas desulphurisation . All six units are served by an independent wet limestone-gypsum FGD plant , which was installed between 1988 and 1996 . This diverts gases from the boilers and passes them through a limestone slurry , which removes at least 90% of the sulphur dioxide . This is equivalent to removing over 250,000 tonnes of SO each year . The process requires 10,000 tonnes of limestone a week , sourced from Tunstead Quarry in Derbyshire . A byproduct of the process is gypsum , with 15,000 tonnes produced each week . This goes to be used in the manufacture of plasterboard . The gypsum is sold exclusively to British Gypsum , and it is transported by rail to their plants at Kirkby Thore ( on the Settle-Carlisle Line ) , East Leake ( on the former Great Central Main Line ) and occasionally to Robertsbridge ( on the Hastings Line ) . DB Cargo UK transport the gypsum . Ash use and disposal . Pulverised fuel ash ( PFA ) and furnace bottom ash ( FBA ) are two byproducts from the burning of coal . Each year , the station produces about 1,000,000 tonnes of PFA and around 220,000 tonnes of FBA : all FBA and 85% of PFA is sold . Under the trade name Drax Ash Products , the ash is sold to the local building industry , where it is used in the manufacture of blocks , cement products , grouting and the laying of roads . The ash is also used in other parts of the country . Between 2005 and 2007 , PFA was used as an infill at four disused salt mines in Northwich in Cheshire . 1,100,000 tonnes was used in the project , which was to avoid a future risk of subsidence in the town . Ash was delivered by DB Schenker in ten trains a week , each carrying 1,100 tonnes . Following a trial in January 2010 , PFA is also transported to Waterford , Ireland by boat . One ship a month will transport 1,200 tonnes for the manufacture of construction materials . This will replace 480 lorry journeys annually and is deemed more environmentally friendly . The unsold PFA is sent by conveyor belt to the Barlow ash mound , which is used for disposal and temporary stockpile . Three conveyors feed the mound , with a total capacity of 750 tonnes an hour . FGD gypsum is disposed of on the mound if it is not of a high enough grade to be sold . The mound has won a number of awards for its nature conservation work . Environmental effects . The environmental effects of coal burning are well documented . Coal is considered to be easily the most carbon-intensive and polluting form of energy generation available . In 2007 the station produced 22,160,000 tonnes of , making it the largest single source of in the UK . Between 2000 and 2007 , there has been a net increase in carbon dioxide of over 3,000,000 tonnes . The station also has the highest estimated emissions of nitrogen oxides in the European Union . In 2007 , in a move to try to lower emissions , Drax Group signed a £100 million contract with Siemens Power Generation to re-blade the steam turbines over four years . This is the largest steam turbine modernisation ever undertaken in the UK , and will increase efficiency . Coupled with the co-firing of biomass , this is part of a target to reduce emissions by 15% by 2011 . Draxs annual report for 2013 reported that Draxs annual emissions were at 20,612,000 tonnes of . This was a slight decrease from 2007 levels due to the burning of biomass . Drax remained the UKs largest single emitter of carbon dioxide up until 2016 , when the power station claimed that its improvement programmes and conversion to burning biomass , had meant a drastic decrease in greenhouses gases being released into the atmosphere . Drax has opted in to the Large Combustion Plant Directive ( LCPD ) and thus is permitted to continue operating beyond 2015 . The use of flue gas desulfurisation ensures that the limits on sulphur dioxide emissions are not exceeded . Protests , industrial action and incidents . Climate Camp ( 2006 ) . On 31 August 2006 , over 600 people attended a protest against the high carbon emissions . It was coordinated by the Camp for Climate Action group . At least 3,000 police officers from 12 forces were reported to have been drafted in for the duration of the protest , to safeguard electricity supplies and prevent the protesters from shutting the station down . Thirty-nine people were arrested after trying illegally to gain access to the plant . Train protest ( 2008 ) . At 8:00 am on 13 June 2008 , more than 30 climate change campaigners halted an EWS coal train en route to the station by disguising themselves as rail workers by wearing high-visibility clothing and waving red flags . Stopping the train on a bridge across the River Aire , they scaled the wagons with the aid of the bridges girders . They then mounted a banner reading Leave it in the ground on the side of the wagon and tied the train to the bridge , preventing it moving . They then shovelled more than 20 tonnes of coal on to the railway line . The protest lasted the whole day , until several protesters were removed from the train by police that night . The stations management said that the protest had no effect on output . The action was coordinated by Camp for Climate Action . Worker strike ( 2009 ) . On 18 June 2009 , fewer than 200 contractors walked out of or failed to show up in a wildcat strike , showing solidarity with workers at the Lindsey Oil Refinery in Lincolnshire where 51 workers had been laid off while another employer on the site was employing . A spokeswoman said the strike did not affect electricity output . Biomass fires ( 2011 , 2013 ) . In October 2011 a fire started by spontaneous combustion in a stockpile at the Port of Tyne biomass facility . Another fire occurred at the same facility in a conveyor transfer tower in October 2013 .
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"AES Corporation"
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{
"text": " Drax power station is a large biomass and coal-fired power station in North Yorkshire , England , capable of co-firing petcoke . It has a 2.6 GW capacity for biomass and 1.29 GW capacity for coal . Its name comes from the nearby village of Drax . It is situated on the River Ouse between Selby and Goole . Its generating capacity of 3,906 megawatts ( MW ) is the highest of any power station in the United Kingdom , providing about 6% of the United Kingdoms electricity supply .",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": "Opened in 1974 and extended in the 1980s , the station was initially operated by the Central Electricity Generating Board . Since privatisation in 1990 ownership has changed several times , and it is operated by the Drax Group . Completed in 1986 , it is the newest coal-fired power station in England . Flue gas desulphurisation equipment was fitted between 1988 and 1995 . The high and low pressure turbines were replaced between 2007 and 2012 .",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": "By 2010 , the station was co-firing biomass . In 2012 , the company announced plans to convert three generating units to solely biomass , burning 7.5 million tonnes imported from the United States and Canada . This work was completed in 2016 and a further fourth unit was converted in 2018 . The company now plans to convert its remaining two coal units to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine units and 200 MW battery storage . In February 2020 it was announced that Drax would stop burning coal by early 2021 , in accordance with the governments 2025 deadline to",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": "ban all coal-fired electricity in the United Kingdom .",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": " Drax was initially conceived by the Central Electricity Generating Board ( CEGB ) in 1962 as the countrys largest power station thus far , at about 3,000 MW . Subsequently , it was decided to use this opportunity as their first station to use the 660 MW turbogenerator sets which were planned to become the new standard , so the planning consents were revised to about 4,000 MW .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Following the Selby Coalfield discovery in 1967 the Board would build three large power stations to use its coal . These were an expansion of the station at Ferrybridge , a new station at Eggborough , and the largest being Drax .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Authority to carry out preparatory works was granted in December 1964 , leading to full permission in March 1966 , on the basis that the station would be designed to accommodate six 660 MW units , but that only the first three be proceeded with for the time being . Ground work for these three units , known at the time as Drax First Half , started in 1967 . Two units were synchronised to the grid in 1973 , and the third in 1974 .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "Although authorised , the second half of the project – known as Drax Completion – was deferred , because during the projects gestation the Boards energy mix policy shifted to working towards a majority nuclear system . The Board decided in 1977 that construction of the final three units would commence in 1979 with the target of commissioning in 1985/6 , as part of meeting load growth with an adjusted mix policy aiming for a balance of coal , nuclear , and oil . However , later that year in July , the Government requested that Drax Completion proceed immediately",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": ", ahead of requirements , in order to secure jobs in the North Easts heavy manufacturing industries . The Board agreed to this subject to being compensated .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "The architects were Jeff King and Dennis Merritt of Clifford , Tee and Gale . The architectural critic Reyner Banham was scathing of the design : less a brick cathedral than a concrete bunker.. . obsession with ribbed surfaces and forceful projections that have their origins in brutalism . Costain constructed the foundations and cable tunnels ; Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd . laid the roads and built the ancillary buildings ; Mowlem laid the deep foundations ; Alfred McAlpine built the administration and control buildings ; Balfour Beatty undertook general building works ; and James Scott installed cabling . Tarmac",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "Construction undertook the civil engineering works ; Holst Civil Engineers built the chimney ; Bierrum & Partners built the cooling towers ; N.G . Bailey installed cabling ; Reyrolle , English Electric and South Wales Switchgear produced and installed the switchgear ; English Electric manufactured the generator cooling water pumps ; T.W . Broadbent maintained the temporary electrical supplies ; and Sulzer Brothers manufactured the boiler feed pumps . In both phases the boilers were made by Babcock Power Ltd and the generators by C . A . Parsons and Company .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "Due to the project being split into two phases , it was decided for efficiency to design each phase as mirror image halves of one complete station with only the handful of items the whole site would share ( such as the flue stack and coal handling area ) needing to be built in First Half . This concept extended to seeking the same contractors and suppliers who worked on First Half for Completion . Unfortunately due to the decade timespan between comparable works on the two phases several manufacturers that had supplied First Half had merged or ceased trading",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": ". This , combined with changes in legislation , meant numerous components and equipment ranges used for First Half were either no longer available for Completion or had significantly changed . Separately , operating experience over that timespan had led to design improvements in equipment and plant specified by the Board , leading to a few significant areas of the design of Completion being altered .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": " The second phase was completed in 1986 . Construction of the power station entailed the demolition of a farm known as Wood House . Mitsui Babcock fitted flue-gas desulphurisation ( FGD ) equipment between 1988 and 1995 .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": " On privatisation of the CEGB in 1990 , the station was transferred from the CEGB to the privatised generating company National Power , which sold it to the AES Corporation in November 1999 for £1.87 billion ( US$3 billion ) . AES relinquished ownership in August 2003 , after falling into £1.3 billion of debt . Independent directors continued the operation to ensure security of supply . In December 2005 , after refinancing , ownership passed to the Drax Group .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "Separate acquisition offers from International Power , private equity group Texas Pacific , and a private equity backed bid from Constellation Energy were rejected for undervaluing the company . The companys valuation subsequently increased to 2005 as a result of rising electricity prices , and on 15 December 2005 Drax Group plc floated its shares on the London Stock Exchange , issuing £400 million worth of shares , on a valuation of £2.6 billion .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": " In 2009 , Drax Group submitted a planning application for the 300 MW biomass Ouse Renewable Energy Plant next to the power station . Government approval was obtained in mid 2011 . In February 2012 the company ceased planning development of the plant , citing logistics costs , and uncertainty concerning government financial support for biomass . Carbon capture and storage .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 Drax Power Limited , in response to a government consultation , stated they were sponsoring development studies into carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) , but noted that it was not then commercially viable , with costs comparable with nuclear or offshore wind power . On 17 June 2009 , Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Ed Miliband announced plans that would require all UK coal-fired power stations to be fitted with CCS technology by the early 2020s or face closure .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 a CCS project at Drax was shortlisted for government funding . In 2013 the White Rose Carbon Capture and Storage project ( formerly the UK OXY CCS project ) was shortlisted for the UK governments CCS scheme and in late 2013 was awarded a two-year FEED contract ( Front End Engineering Design ) for the CCS project . As of June 2014 , Drax is engaged in a joint venture with Alstom and BOC to build a 626 MW oxygen-fuelled combustion power station adjacent to the existing Drax site . National Grid would simultaneously construct a pipeline to",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "transport to the Yorkshire coast for sequestration .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 the project was awarded €300 million funding from the European Commission .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In September 2015 Drax announced it would not be making any further investments into the CCS scheme after completion of the feasibility study because negative changes to government support for renewable energy had made the project too financially risky , plus drops in the companys share price due to the same uncertainty had reduced Draxs ability to raise funds . Front End Engineering Design was expected to continue under Alstom and BOC with the project still being hosted at Drax . In late 2015 the UK Government withdrew its potential financial support for CCS projects – up to £1 billion",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "of funding , reversing support promised in the governing partys 2015 election manifesto . As a result , Leigh Hackett , CEO of Capture Power stated that [ I ] t is difficult to imagine its continuation in the absence of crucial government support .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In May 2018 , Drax announced a new carbon capture and storage pilot scheme that it would undertake in conjunction with the Leeds-based firm , C-Capture . The focus of this pilot will be on capturing carbon post combustion from the biomass burners as opposed to the coal burners . Drax will invest £400,000 into the project . The company , C-Capture , is a side company of the Department of Chemistry established at the University of Leeds . This would yield about of CO2 stored per day from the process , which could be sold on for use in",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "the drinks industry . The pilot scheme was launched in February 2019 . The capture of carbon from biomas burners is known as Bio Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage ( BECCS ) .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": " Drax Repower is a proposal to modify units 5 and 6 at Drax power station by installing combined cycle gas turbines . Waste heat from the gas turbines will pass to heat recovery steam generators which will generate steam for the existing steam turbines in the respective units . The repowered units are expected to have a total electrical output of 3.6 gigawatts . There is also a proposal to construct two battery storage facilities of 100 MW ( sic ) each . Statutory consultation on the project took place in January and February 2018 .",
"title": "Drax Repower"
},
{
"text": " The main buildings are of steel frame and metal clad construction . The main features are a turbine hall , a boiler house , a chimney and 12 cooling towers . The boiler house is high , and the turbine hall is long .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "The chimney stands high , with an overall diameter of , and weighs 44,000 tonnes . It consists of three elliptical flues of reinforced concrete , each serving two of the six boilers , set within a cylindrical wind shield , also of reinforced concrete . The top most elements , the 3 cap rings of the flues which extend above the wind shield , are of cast iron . When finished , the chimney was the largest industrial chimney in the world , and is still the tallest in the United Kingdom . The chimneys dimensions , including the",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "height , were dictated by a design total capacity of 5,100 m/s of gases at 26 m/s . As the station was designed and constructed prior to the CEGBs commitment to Flue Gas Desulpurisation , extensive measures were made to limit acid attack from sulphurous condensate , namely the lining of the flues with a fluoroelastomer , and coating of the upper 29.0m of the external surfaces with a mix of acid-resisting tiles and said fluoroelastomer .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": " The twelve high natural draft cooling towers stand in two groups of six to the north and south of the station . They are made of reinforced concrete , in the typical hyperboloid design , and each have a base diameter of . Other facilities include a coal storage area , FGD plant and gypsum handling facilities .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "The station is the third largest coal-fired power station in Europe , after Bełchatów Power Station in Poland , and Neurath Power Station in Germany . It produces around 24 terawatt hours ( TWh ) ( 86.4 petajoules ) of electricity annually . Although it generates around 1,500,000 tonnes of ash and 22,800,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide each year , it is the most carbon-efficient coal-fired power plant in the United Kingdom .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "The design life was set out in terms of number of start-ups and operating cycles , but with the presumption that the station would operate as a standard 2nd-tier ( nuclear stations being 1st-tier ) baseload generator in the pattern well established under the centralised state-owned electricity system , it was summarised as in the order of 40 years . The minimum requirement was for providing full load for weekdays , over a spell of 3 months with an availability over 85% . Weekend operations were expected to be between 50–100% of full power . Despite this intent for baseload",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "operation , it was designed with a reasonable ability for load-following , being able to ramp up or down by 5% of full power per minute within the range of 50–100% of full power .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": " The power station also has a jetty on the River Ouse , with a loading capacity of 200 tonnes- historically the jetty was built and used for the construction of the power station in the 1960s/70s – such as the delivery of equipment . In 2015 a planning application was submitted for the improvement of the jettys load capacity to 500 tonnes by White Rose CCS developer Capture Power Limited ( Drax/Alstom/BOC joint venture ) , for the construction of the CCS project .",
"title": "Ouse jetty"
},
{
"text": " The main transport route to the power station for fuel ( originally coal ) is train via a -long freight-only section of the former Hull and Barnsley Railway , from the Pontefract Line at Hensall Junction . A balloon loop rail layout is used so that wagons of coal do not need to be shunted after being unloaded . Merry-go-round trains are used , so that wagons can be unloaded without the train stopping as it passes through an unloading house . On average , there are 35 deliveries a day , 6 days a week .",
"title": "Fuel supply"
},
{
"text": "The power station also has a jetty ( see § Jetty ) – imports via the jetty ended c.1980 – in 2004 the jetty was trialled for the import of Tall Oil by barge .",
"title": "Fuel supply"
},
{
"text": " In its original form , the station had a maximum potential consumption of 36,000 tonnes of coal a day . In 2011 , it consumed 9.1 million tonnes of coal . This coal came from a mixture of both domestic and international sources , with domestic coal coming from mines in Yorkshire , the Midlands and Scotland , and foreign supplies coming from Australia , Colombia , Poland , Russia and South Africa . As of 2021 , all coal is sourced internationally .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "Fuel and other bulk commodities are supplied via a 6 mile branch line off the Wakefield and Goole railway line . Rail facilities include a west-facing junction on the Goole line , gross-weight and tare-weight weighbridges , limestone and gypsum handling facilities , including a handling building and control room for the FGD plant , FGD Sidings G and H , biomass offload ( Track A ) , coal offload ( Tracks A , B and C ) , bypass line ( Track D ) , oil siding ( Track E ) and ash loading ( Track F ) and",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "an unloading building and control room .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "When the station opened , most of the coal burned was from local collieries in Yorkshire , including Kellingley Colliery , Prince of Wales , Ackton Hall , Sharlston Colliery , Fryston Colliery , Askern Colliery and Bentley Colliery . Following the miners strike in the mid-1980s , by 2006 , all but Kellingley had closed . ( Kellingley closed at the end of 2015. ) UK Coal had a five-year contract to supply coal , which ended at the end of 2009 , from Kellingley , Maltby and , until its closure in 2007 , Rossington . Coal was",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "also brought from Harworth Colliery until it was mothballed , and was supplied by Daw Mill in Warwickshire .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": " The foreign coal is brought via various ports by rail . In c.2007 GB Railfreight won a contract to move coal brought from the Port of Tyne , celebrated by the company naming one of their locomotives Drax Power Station in 2007 . DB Cargo UK haul coal from the nearby ports of Hull and Immingham , and from Hunterston Terminal on the west coast of Scotland . Freightliner Group move coal imported through Redcar .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "The station tested co-firing biomass in the summer of 2004 , and in doing so was the first power station in the UK to be fuelled by wood . The initial trial of 14,100 tonnes of willow was locally sourced from nearby Eggborough . Since the trial , the stations use of biomass has continued . It uses direct injection for firing the biomass , whereby it bypasses the pulverising mills and is either injected directly into the boiler or the fuel line , for greater throughput . In 2009 a target was set for 12.5% of the stations energy",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "to be sourced from biomass , and the shift to biomass was intended to contribute to the aim of cutting emissions by 15% . The station burns a large range of biomass , mostly wood pellets , sunflower pellets , olive , peanut shell husk and rape meal . The majority comes from overseas . A 100,000 tonne pa capacity straw pelletization facility was constructed at Capitol Park , Goole in 2008 , opened 2009 . Construction of specialised biomass handling facilities began in 2009 at the Port of Tyne and at Drax .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In the 2000s Drax Group applied for planning permission to build a new 300 MW power station , fuelled entirely by biomass , to the north of the station ; the Ouse Renewable Energy Plant was expected to burn 1,400,000 tonnes of biomass each year , saving 1,850,000 tonnes of emissions , and expected to create 850 construction jobs and 150 permanent jobs created once opened , through direct and contract employment . Plans were submitted to the Department of Energy and Climate Change in July 2009 for review ; if permission was granted , construction was scheduled begin in",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "late 2010 and to take up to three and a half years . Two other 300 MW biomass plants were planned by Drax at the ports of Hull and Immingham .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 Drax group abandoned plans for the discrete biomass plant development , due to changes in government subsidies for biomass energy production favouring plant conversions over newly built plants . It switched to a project to convert half of the units at its existing plant to biomass firing . Full firing with biomass .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In September 2012 Drax Group announced the conversion to full firing with biomass of three of its six units . The first unit was scheduled to be online by June 2013 , the second unit in 2014 , and the third by 2017 ; initially a biomass supply had been secured for the first unit . The cost was estimated at £700 million ( $1.13 billion ) , including modifications to fuel mills and boilers and the construction of storage structures and conveyors for the wood pellet fuel . Each unit will consume about 2.3 million tonnes of biomass yearly",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": ", requiring an estimated annual total of 7.5 million tonnes in 2017 . This is equivalent to two-thirds of Europes entire energy biomass consumption in 2010 , and requires of forest to supply on a continuous basis .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " North America was expected to be the source of the vast majority of the biomass , although some would be domestically sourced willow and elephant grass .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "Drax Groups decision was enabled by a new UK government policy , effective in April 2013 , to award 1.0 tradable ROCs ( renewable obligation certificates ) per megawatt of power generation from coal power plants that are fully converted to burn biomass ; CEO Dorothy Thompson stated the company intended to become a predominately biomass-fuelled energy producer . By April 2013 financing for the scheme include £190 million through sale of shares , £100 million from Prudential/ M&G UK Companies Financing Fund , £50 million from the UK Green Investment Bank , and £75 million Friends Life ( underwritten",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "by HM Treasury ) , as well as a £400 million credit facility .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " As of 2013 there were plans to install 1 million tonne per year wood pellets pelletizing plants at Morehouse Parish , Louisiana , and Gloster , Mississippi , which would be shipped by road and rail to the port of Baton Rouge , Louisiana then shipped in 50,000-tonne cargo ships to UK . In the financial report for 2013 , Drax announced that an additional 2 million tons pelletisation capacity was being considered , likely to be built in the US .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In 2013 the company signed an agreement with ABP to develop handling facilities at the Port of Hull , Immingham and Grimsby ; construction of automated facilities began in 2013 , creating capacities of 3 and 1 million tonnes per year at the ports of Immingham and Hull respectively , adding to the 1.4 million tonne per year Port of Tyne biomass facility built in 2009 . In the same year a new design covered rail wagon with high volumetric capacity for transporting the low density biomass pellets was unveiled for use by Drax in the UK ; 200 wagons",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "of the type were ordered . At Drax pellets would be stored in domes , and transferred by a conveyor system before grinding to dust for use .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " The Shepherd Building Group was contracted to construct the biomass handling and storage facilities at Drax , with RPS Group as the civil engineer . The design included automated rail to storage handling , screening and storage facilities consisting of four high by wide storage domes with a capacity of . The concrete dome technology was supplied by E & D Company , PLLC ( trading as Engineering System Solutions , ES2 ) and Dome Technology LLC .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "By July 2013 one firing unit had been converted , and was reported to be functioning correctly ; by 2013 the conversion of the second and third units was scheduled for 2014 and during or before 2016 respectively . The second unit was converted by May 2014 , initially co-firing an 85% biomass/coal mix due to limited biomass supply .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " In April 2014 Drax was awarded a renewable contract for difference ( CFD ) subsidy for biomass based power generation on another converted coal firing unit , but a third unit , which had been previously marked as eligible for CFD funding was excluded ; Drax Group then legally challenged the decision , initially obtaining a ruling in its favour , which was overturned in the Court of Appeal . In July 2014 the High Court ruled in Draxs favour .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "Biomass conversion at Drax led to it requiring 82% of UK biomass imports from the US in 2014 ( 60% overall of all US wood pellet export ) , a large factor in a 40% yearly increase in biomass export from that country ; US sourced imports represented 58% of Draxs biomass use in 2014 , with 22% from Canada .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " A port facility in Baton Rouge , Louisiana was completed by April 2015 . In mid-2015 Drax reached an agreement with Peel Ports to construct a 3million ton per year biomass importation facility at the Port of Liverpool , estimated cost £100 million . The rail connected facility was to include 100,000 tonnes storage , and be constructed by Graham Construction .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In September 2015 Drax Group and Infinis began a legal action against the UK government due to claimed insufficient notice being given about the withdrawal of a climate related tax exemption ( see Climate Change Levy ) – Drax claimed the change would reduce its earnings by £30 million . The claim was rejected by the High Court in February 2016 .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " In December 2016 the European Competition Commission approved UK government subsidies for the conversion of the third unit to biomass burning .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "The station started to trial the co-firing of petcoke ( petroleum coke ) in one of its boilers in June 2005 , ending in June 2007 , burning 15% petcoke and 85% coal . Petcoke was burned to make the electricity more competitive as the price of running the FGD equipment was making the electricity more expensive . The Environment Agency ( EA ) granted permission for the trial in June 2004 , despite the plans being opposed by Friends of the Earth and Selby Council . To meet their concerns , emissions were constantly monitored through the trial ,",
"title": "Petcoke"
},
{
"text": "and they were not allowed to burn petcoke without operating the FGD plant to remove the high sulphur content of the emissions . The trial proved that there were no significant negative effects on the environment , and so in late 2007 Drax Group applied to move from trial conditions to commercial burning . The EA granted permission in early 2008 after agreeing with Draxs findings that the fuel had no significant negative effects on the environment . The station can now burn up to 300,000 tonnes of the fuel a year , and stock up to 6,000 tonnes on",
"title": "Petcoke"
},
{
"text": "site .",
"title": "Petcoke"
},
{
"text": "Coal is fed into one of 30 coal bunkers , each with a capacity of 1,000 tonnes . Each bunker feeds two of the 60 pulverisers , each of which can crush 36 tonnes of coal an hour . The station has six Babcock Power boilers , each weighing 4,000 tonnes . The powdered coal from ten pulverisers is blasted into each boiler through burners , which are ignited by propane . In 2003 the original burners were replaced by low nitrogen oxide burners . Each of the six boilers feed steam to a steam turbine set , consisting of",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": "one high pressure ( HP ) turbine , one intermediate pressure ( IP ) turbine and three low pressure ( LP ) turbines . Each HP turbine generates 140 MW . Exhaust steam from them is fed back to the boiler and reheated , then fed to the 250 MW IP turbines and finally passes through the 90MW LP turbines . This gives each generating set a generating capacity of 660 MW : with six generating sets , the station has a total capacity of 3,960 MW . Each of the generating units is equipped with the Advanced Plant Management",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": "System ( APMS ) , a system developed by RWE npower and Thales , and implemented by Capula .",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": " The station also has six gas turbines providing backup for breakdowns , or shut downs in the National Grid . Their annual output is generally low , generating 75 MW and three of the units have been mothballed and are out of operation , but they could be refurbished . Emissions from these units are released through the stations second , smaller chimney , to the south of the main stack . Between 2007 and 2012 the high and low pressure turbines were replaced by Siemens in a £100 million programme .",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": "Water is essential to a thermal power station , heated to create steam to turn the steam turbines . Water used in the boilers is taken from two licensed boreholes on site . Once this water has been through the turbines it is cooled by condensers using water taken from the nearby River Ouse . Water is pumped from the river by a pumphouse on the river , north of the station . Once it has been through the condenser , the water is cooled by one of the natural draft cooling towers , with two towers serving each generating",
"title": "Cooling system"
},
{
"text": "set . Once cooled , the water is discharged back into the river .",
"title": "Cooling system"
},
{
"text": "All six units are served by an independent wet limestone-gypsum FGD plant , which was installed between 1988 and 1996 . This diverts gases from the boilers and passes them through a limestone slurry , which removes at least 90% of the sulphur dioxide . This is equivalent to removing over 250,000 tonnes of SO each year . The process requires 10,000 tonnes of limestone a week , sourced from Tunstead Quarry in Derbyshire . A byproduct of the process is gypsum , with 15,000 tonnes produced each week . This goes to be used in the manufacture of plasterboard",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": ". The gypsum is sold exclusively to British Gypsum , and it is transported by rail to their plants at Kirkby Thore ( on the Settle-Carlisle Line ) , East Leake ( on the former Great Central Main Line ) and occasionally to Robertsbridge ( on the Hastings Line ) . DB Cargo UK transport the gypsum .",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": "Pulverised fuel ash ( PFA ) and furnace bottom ash ( FBA ) are two byproducts from the burning of coal . Each year , the station produces about 1,000,000 tonnes of PFA and around 220,000 tonnes of FBA : all FBA and 85% of PFA is sold . Under the trade name Drax Ash Products , the ash is sold to the local building industry , where it is used in the manufacture of blocks , cement products , grouting and the laying of roads . The ash is also used in other parts of the country . Between",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": "2005 and 2007 , PFA was used as an infill at four disused salt mines in Northwich in Cheshire . 1,100,000 tonnes was used in the project , which was to avoid a future risk of subsidence in the town . Ash was delivered by DB Schenker in ten trains a week , each carrying 1,100 tonnes . Following a trial in January 2010 , PFA is also transported to Waterford , Ireland by boat . One ship a month will transport 1,200 tonnes for the manufacture of construction materials . This will replace 480 lorry journeys annually and is",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": "deemed more environmentally friendly .",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": " The unsold PFA is sent by conveyor belt to the Barlow ash mound , which is used for disposal and temporary stockpile . Three conveyors feed the mound , with a total capacity of 750 tonnes an hour . FGD gypsum is disposed of on the mound if it is not of a high enough grade to be sold . The mound has won a number of awards for its nature conservation work .",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": " The environmental effects of coal burning are well documented . Coal is considered to be easily the most carbon-intensive and polluting form of energy generation available . In 2007 the station produced 22,160,000 tonnes of , making it the largest single source of in the UK . Between 2000 and 2007 , there has been a net increase in carbon dioxide of over 3,000,000 tonnes . The station also has the highest estimated emissions of nitrogen oxides in the European Union .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , in a move to try to lower emissions , Drax Group signed a £100 million contract with Siemens Power Generation to re-blade the steam turbines over four years . This is the largest steam turbine modernisation ever undertaken in the UK , and will increase efficiency . Coupled with the co-firing of biomass , this is part of a target to reduce emissions by 15% by 2011 .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": " Draxs annual report for 2013 reported that Draxs annual emissions were at 20,612,000 tonnes of . This was a slight decrease from 2007 levels due to the burning of biomass . Drax remained the UKs largest single emitter of carbon dioxide up until 2016 , when the power station claimed that its improvement programmes and conversion to burning biomass , had meant a drastic decrease in greenhouses gases being released into the atmosphere .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "Drax has opted in to the Large Combustion Plant Directive ( LCPD ) and thus is permitted to continue operating beyond 2015 . The use of flue gas desulfurisation ensures that the limits on sulphur dioxide emissions are not exceeded .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": " Protests , industrial action and incidents . Climate Camp ( 2006 ) . On 31 August 2006 , over 600 people attended a protest against the high carbon emissions . It was coordinated by the Camp for Climate Action group . At least 3,000 police officers from 12 forces were reported to have been drafted in for the duration of the protest , to safeguard electricity supplies and prevent the protesters from shutting the station down . Thirty-nine people were arrested after trying illegally to gain access to the plant . Train protest ( 2008 ) .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "At 8:00 am on 13 June 2008 , more than 30 climate change campaigners halted an EWS coal train en route to the station by disguising themselves as rail workers by wearing high-visibility clothing and waving red flags . Stopping the train on a bridge across the River Aire , they scaled the wagons with the aid of the bridges girders . They then mounted a banner reading Leave it in the ground on the side of the wagon and tied the train to the bridge , preventing it moving . They then shovelled more than 20 tonnes of coal",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "on to the railway line . The protest lasted the whole day , until several protesters were removed from the train by police that night . The stations management said that the protest had no effect on output . The action was coordinated by Camp for Climate Action .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": " Worker strike ( 2009 ) . On 18 June 2009 , fewer than 200 contractors walked out of or failed to show up in a wildcat strike , showing solidarity with workers at the Lindsey Oil Refinery in Lincolnshire where 51 workers had been laid off while another employer on the site was employing . A spokeswoman said the strike did not affect electricity output . Biomass fires ( 2011 , 2013 ) .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "In October 2011 a fire started by spontaneous combustion in a stockpile at the Port of Tyne biomass facility . Another fire occurred at the same facility in a conveyor transfer tower in October 2013 .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
}
] |
/wiki/Drax_Power_Station#P127#3
|
Who was the owner of Drax Power Station between Aug 2005 and Sep 2005?
|
Drax Power Station Drax power station is a large biomass and coal-fired power station in North Yorkshire , England , capable of co-firing petcoke . It has a 2.6 GW capacity for biomass and 1.29 GW capacity for coal . Its name comes from the nearby village of Drax . It is situated on the River Ouse between Selby and Goole . Its generating capacity of 3,906 megawatts ( MW ) is the highest of any power station in the United Kingdom , providing about 6% of the United Kingdoms electricity supply . Opened in 1974 and extended in the 1980s , the station was initially operated by the Central Electricity Generating Board . Since privatisation in 1990 ownership has changed several times , and it is operated by the Drax Group . Completed in 1986 , it is the newest coal-fired power station in England . Flue gas desulphurisation equipment was fitted between 1988 and 1995 . The high and low pressure turbines were replaced between 2007 and 2012 . By 2010 , the station was co-firing biomass . In 2012 , the company announced plans to convert three generating units to solely biomass , burning 7.5 million tonnes imported from the United States and Canada . This work was completed in 2016 and a further fourth unit was converted in 2018 . The company now plans to convert its remaining two coal units to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine units and 200 MW battery storage . In February 2020 it was announced that Drax would stop burning coal by early 2021 , in accordance with the governments 2025 deadline to ban all coal-fired electricity in the United Kingdom . History . Drax was initially conceived by the Central Electricity Generating Board ( CEGB ) in 1962 as the countrys largest power station thus far , at about 3,000 MW . Subsequently , it was decided to use this opportunity as their first station to use the 660 MW turbogenerator sets which were planned to become the new standard , so the planning consents were revised to about 4,000 MW . Following the Selby Coalfield discovery in 1967 the Board would build three large power stations to use its coal . These were an expansion of the station at Ferrybridge , a new station at Eggborough , and the largest being Drax . Construction . Authority to carry out preparatory works was granted in December 1964 , leading to full permission in March 1966 , on the basis that the station would be designed to accommodate six 660 MW units , but that only the first three be proceeded with for the time being . Ground work for these three units , known at the time as Drax First Half , started in 1967 . Two units were synchronised to the grid in 1973 , and the third in 1974 . Although authorised , the second half of the project – known as Drax Completion – was deferred , because during the projects gestation the Boards energy mix policy shifted to working towards a majority nuclear system . The Board decided in 1977 that construction of the final three units would commence in 1979 with the target of commissioning in 1985/6 , as part of meeting load growth with an adjusted mix policy aiming for a balance of coal , nuclear , and oil . However , later that year in July , the Government requested that Drax Completion proceed immediately , ahead of requirements , in order to secure jobs in the North Easts heavy manufacturing industries . The Board agreed to this subject to being compensated . The architects were Jeff King and Dennis Merritt of Clifford , Tee and Gale . The architectural critic Reyner Banham was scathing of the design : less a brick cathedral than a concrete bunker.. . obsession with ribbed surfaces and forceful projections that have their origins in brutalism . Costain constructed the foundations and cable tunnels ; Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd . laid the roads and built the ancillary buildings ; Mowlem laid the deep foundations ; Alfred McAlpine built the administration and control buildings ; Balfour Beatty undertook general building works ; and James Scott installed cabling . Tarmac Construction undertook the civil engineering works ; Holst Civil Engineers built the chimney ; Bierrum & Partners built the cooling towers ; N.G . Bailey installed cabling ; Reyrolle , English Electric and South Wales Switchgear produced and installed the switchgear ; English Electric manufactured the generator cooling water pumps ; T.W . Broadbent maintained the temporary electrical supplies ; and Sulzer Brothers manufactured the boiler feed pumps . In both phases the boilers were made by Babcock Power Ltd and the generators by C . A . Parsons and Company . Due to the project being split into two phases , it was decided for efficiency to design each phase as mirror image halves of one complete station with only the handful of items the whole site would share ( such as the flue stack and coal handling area ) needing to be built in First Half . This concept extended to seeking the same contractors and suppliers who worked on First Half for Completion . Unfortunately due to the decade timespan between comparable works on the two phases several manufacturers that had supplied First Half had merged or ceased trading . This , combined with changes in legislation , meant numerous components and equipment ranges used for First Half were either no longer available for Completion or had significantly changed . Separately , operating experience over that timespan had led to design improvements in equipment and plant specified by the Board , leading to a few significant areas of the design of Completion being altered . The second phase was completed in 1986 . Construction of the power station entailed the demolition of a farm known as Wood House . Mitsui Babcock fitted flue-gas desulphurisation ( FGD ) equipment between 1988 and 1995 . Post-privatisation . On privatisation of the CEGB in 1990 , the station was transferred from the CEGB to the privatised generating company National Power , which sold it to the AES Corporation in November 1999 for £1.87 billion ( US$3 billion ) . AES relinquished ownership in August 2003 , after falling into £1.3 billion of debt . Independent directors continued the operation to ensure security of supply . In December 2005 , after refinancing , ownership passed to the Drax Group . Separate acquisition offers from International Power , private equity group Texas Pacific , and a private equity backed bid from Constellation Energy were rejected for undervaluing the company . The companys valuation subsequently increased to 2005 as a result of rising electricity prices , and on 15 December 2005 Drax Group plc floated its shares on the London Stock Exchange , issuing £400 million worth of shares , on a valuation of £2.6 billion . In 2009 , Drax Group submitted a planning application for the 300 MW biomass Ouse Renewable Energy Plant next to the power station . Government approval was obtained in mid 2011 . In February 2012 the company ceased planning development of the plant , citing logistics costs , and uncertainty concerning government financial support for biomass . Carbon capture and storage . In 2006 Drax Power Limited , in response to a government consultation , stated they were sponsoring development studies into carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) , but noted that it was not then commercially viable , with costs comparable with nuclear or offshore wind power . On 17 June 2009 , Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Ed Miliband announced plans that would require all UK coal-fired power stations to be fitted with CCS technology by the early 2020s or face closure . In 2012 a CCS project at Drax was shortlisted for government funding . In 2013 the White Rose Carbon Capture and Storage project ( formerly the UK OXY CCS project ) was shortlisted for the UK governments CCS scheme and in late 2013 was awarded a two-year FEED contract ( Front End Engineering Design ) for the CCS project . As of June 2014 , Drax is engaged in a joint venture with Alstom and BOC to build a 626 MW oxygen-fuelled combustion power station adjacent to the existing Drax site . National Grid would simultaneously construct a pipeline to transport to the Yorkshire coast for sequestration . In July 2014 the project was awarded €300 million funding from the European Commission . In September 2015 Drax announced it would not be making any further investments into the CCS scheme after completion of the feasibility study because negative changes to government support for renewable energy had made the project too financially risky , plus drops in the companys share price due to the same uncertainty had reduced Draxs ability to raise funds . Front End Engineering Design was expected to continue under Alstom and BOC with the project still being hosted at Drax . In late 2015 the UK Government withdrew its potential financial support for CCS projects – up to £1 billion of funding , reversing support promised in the governing partys 2015 election manifesto . As a result , Leigh Hackett , CEO of Capture Power stated that [ I ] t is difficult to imagine its continuation in the absence of crucial government support . In May 2018 , Drax announced a new carbon capture and storage pilot scheme that it would undertake in conjunction with the Leeds-based firm , C-Capture . The focus of this pilot will be on capturing carbon post combustion from the biomass burners as opposed to the coal burners . Drax will invest £400,000 into the project . The company , C-Capture , is a side company of the Department of Chemistry established at the University of Leeds . This would yield about of CO2 stored per day from the process , which could be sold on for use in the drinks industry . The pilot scheme was launched in February 2019 . The capture of carbon from biomas burners is known as Bio Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage ( BECCS ) . Drax Repower . Drax Repower is a proposal to modify units 5 and 6 at Drax power station by installing combined cycle gas turbines . Waste heat from the gas turbines will pass to heat recovery steam generators which will generate steam for the existing steam turbines in the respective units . The repowered units are expected to have a total electrical output of 3.6 gigawatts . There is also a proposal to construct two battery storage facilities of 100 MW ( sic ) each . Statutory consultation on the project took place in January and February 2018 . Design and specification . The main buildings are of steel frame and metal clad construction . The main features are a turbine hall , a boiler house , a chimney and 12 cooling towers . The boiler house is high , and the turbine hall is long . The chimney stands high , with an overall diameter of , and weighs 44,000 tonnes . It consists of three elliptical flues of reinforced concrete , each serving two of the six boilers , set within a cylindrical wind shield , also of reinforced concrete . The top most elements , the 3 cap rings of the flues which extend above the wind shield , are of cast iron . When finished , the chimney was the largest industrial chimney in the world , and is still the tallest in the United Kingdom . The chimneys dimensions , including the height , were dictated by a design total capacity of 5,100 m/s of gases at 26 m/s . As the station was designed and constructed prior to the CEGBs commitment to Flue Gas Desulpurisation , extensive measures were made to limit acid attack from sulphurous condensate , namely the lining of the flues with a fluoroelastomer , and coating of the upper 29.0m of the external surfaces with a mix of acid-resisting tiles and said fluoroelastomer . The twelve high natural draft cooling towers stand in two groups of six to the north and south of the station . They are made of reinforced concrete , in the typical hyperboloid design , and each have a base diameter of . Other facilities include a coal storage area , FGD plant and gypsum handling facilities . The station is the third largest coal-fired power station in Europe , after Bełchatów Power Station in Poland , and Neurath Power Station in Germany . It produces around 24 terawatt hours ( TWh ) ( 86.4 petajoules ) of electricity annually . Although it generates around 1,500,000 tonnes of ash and 22,800,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide each year , it is the most carbon-efficient coal-fired power plant in the United Kingdom . The design life was set out in terms of number of start-ups and operating cycles , but with the presumption that the station would operate as a standard 2nd-tier ( nuclear stations being 1st-tier ) baseload generator in the pattern well established under the centralised state-owned electricity system , it was summarised as in the order of 40 years . The minimum requirement was for providing full load for weekdays , over a spell of 3 months with an availability over 85% . Weekend operations were expected to be between 50–100% of full power . Despite this intent for baseload operation , it was designed with a reasonable ability for load-following , being able to ramp up or down by 5% of full power per minute within the range of 50–100% of full power . Ouse jetty . The power station also has a jetty on the River Ouse , with a loading capacity of 200 tonnes- historically the jetty was built and used for the construction of the power station in the 1960s/70s – such as the delivery of equipment . In 2015 a planning application was submitted for the improvement of the jettys load capacity to 500 tonnes by White Rose CCS developer Capture Power Limited ( Drax/Alstom/BOC joint venture ) , for the construction of the CCS project . Fuel supply . The main transport route to the power station for fuel ( originally coal ) is train via a -long freight-only section of the former Hull and Barnsley Railway , from the Pontefract Line at Hensall Junction . A balloon loop rail layout is used so that wagons of coal do not need to be shunted after being unloaded . Merry-go-round trains are used , so that wagons can be unloaded without the train stopping as it passes through an unloading house . On average , there are 35 deliveries a day , 6 days a week . The power station also has a jetty ( see § Jetty ) – imports via the jetty ended c.1980 – in 2004 the jetty was trialled for the import of Tall Oil by barge . Coal supply . In its original form , the station had a maximum potential consumption of 36,000 tonnes of coal a day . In 2011 , it consumed 9.1 million tonnes of coal . This coal came from a mixture of both domestic and international sources , with domestic coal coming from mines in Yorkshire , the Midlands and Scotland , and foreign supplies coming from Australia , Colombia , Poland , Russia and South Africa . As of 2021 , all coal is sourced internationally . Fuel and other bulk commodities are supplied via a 6 mile branch line off the Wakefield and Goole railway line . Rail facilities include a west-facing junction on the Goole line , gross-weight and tare-weight weighbridges , limestone and gypsum handling facilities , including a handling building and control room for the FGD plant , FGD Sidings G and H , biomass offload ( Track A ) , coal offload ( Tracks A , B and C ) , bypass line ( Track D ) , oil siding ( Track E ) and ash loading ( Track F ) and an unloading building and control room . When the station opened , most of the coal burned was from local collieries in Yorkshire , including Kellingley Colliery , Prince of Wales , Ackton Hall , Sharlston Colliery , Fryston Colliery , Askern Colliery and Bentley Colliery . Following the miners strike in the mid-1980s , by 2006 , all but Kellingley had closed . ( Kellingley closed at the end of 2015. ) UK Coal had a five-year contract to supply coal , which ended at the end of 2009 , from Kellingley , Maltby and , until its closure in 2007 , Rossington . Coal was also brought from Harworth Colliery until it was mothballed , and was supplied by Daw Mill in Warwickshire . The foreign coal is brought via various ports by rail . In c.2007 GB Railfreight won a contract to move coal brought from the Port of Tyne , celebrated by the company naming one of their locomotives Drax Power Station in 2007 . DB Cargo UK haul coal from the nearby ports of Hull and Immingham , and from Hunterston Terminal on the west coast of Scotland . Freightliner Group move coal imported through Redcar . Biomass . Co-firing . The station tested co-firing biomass in the summer of 2004 , and in doing so was the first power station in the UK to be fuelled by wood . The initial trial of 14,100 tonnes of willow was locally sourced from nearby Eggborough . Since the trial , the stations use of biomass has continued . It uses direct injection for firing the biomass , whereby it bypasses the pulverising mills and is either injected directly into the boiler or the fuel line , for greater throughput . In 2009 a target was set for 12.5% of the stations energy to be sourced from biomass , and the shift to biomass was intended to contribute to the aim of cutting emissions by 15% . The station burns a large range of biomass , mostly wood pellets , sunflower pellets , olive , peanut shell husk and rape meal . The majority comes from overseas . A 100,000 tonne pa capacity straw pelletization facility was constructed at Capitol Park , Goole in 2008 , opened 2009 . Construction of specialised biomass handling facilities began in 2009 at the Port of Tyne and at Drax . Proposed new biomass plants . In the 2000s Drax Group applied for planning permission to build a new 300 MW power station , fuelled entirely by biomass , to the north of the station ; the Ouse Renewable Energy Plant was expected to burn 1,400,000 tonnes of biomass each year , saving 1,850,000 tonnes of emissions , and expected to create 850 construction jobs and 150 permanent jobs created once opened , through direct and contract employment . Plans were submitted to the Department of Energy and Climate Change in July 2009 for review ; if permission was granted , construction was scheduled begin in late 2010 and to take up to three and a half years . Two other 300 MW biomass plants were planned by Drax at the ports of Hull and Immingham . In 2012 Drax group abandoned plans for the discrete biomass plant development , due to changes in government subsidies for biomass energy production favouring plant conversions over newly built plants . It switched to a project to convert half of the units at its existing plant to biomass firing . Full firing with biomass . In September 2012 Drax Group announced the conversion to full firing with biomass of three of its six units . The first unit was scheduled to be online by June 2013 , the second unit in 2014 , and the third by 2017 ; initially a biomass supply had been secured for the first unit . The cost was estimated at £700 million ( $1.13 billion ) , including modifications to fuel mills and boilers and the construction of storage structures and conveyors for the wood pellet fuel . Each unit will consume about 2.3 million tonnes of biomass yearly , requiring an estimated annual total of 7.5 million tonnes in 2017 . This is equivalent to two-thirds of Europes entire energy biomass consumption in 2010 , and requires of forest to supply on a continuous basis . North America was expected to be the source of the vast majority of the biomass , although some would be domestically sourced willow and elephant grass . Drax Groups decision was enabled by a new UK government policy , effective in April 2013 , to award 1.0 tradable ROCs ( renewable obligation certificates ) per megawatt of power generation from coal power plants that are fully converted to burn biomass ; CEO Dorothy Thompson stated the company intended to become a predominately biomass-fuelled energy producer . By April 2013 financing for the scheme include £190 million through sale of shares , £100 million from Prudential/ M&G UK Companies Financing Fund , £50 million from the UK Green Investment Bank , and £75 million Friends Life ( underwritten by HM Treasury ) , as well as a £400 million credit facility . As of 2013 there were plans to install 1 million tonne per year wood pellets pelletizing plants at Morehouse Parish , Louisiana , and Gloster , Mississippi , which would be shipped by road and rail to the port of Baton Rouge , Louisiana then shipped in 50,000-tonne cargo ships to UK . In the financial report for 2013 , Drax announced that an additional 2 million tons pelletisation capacity was being considered , likely to be built in the US . In 2013 the company signed an agreement with ABP to develop handling facilities at the Port of Hull , Immingham and Grimsby ; construction of automated facilities began in 2013 , creating capacities of 3 and 1 million tonnes per year at the ports of Immingham and Hull respectively , adding to the 1.4 million tonne per year Port of Tyne biomass facility built in 2009 . In the same year a new design covered rail wagon with high volumetric capacity for transporting the low density biomass pellets was unveiled for use by Drax in the UK ; 200 wagons of the type were ordered . At Drax pellets would be stored in domes , and transferred by a conveyor system before grinding to dust for use . The Shepherd Building Group was contracted to construct the biomass handling and storage facilities at Drax , with RPS Group as the civil engineer . The design included automated rail to storage handling , screening and storage facilities consisting of four high by wide storage domes with a capacity of . The concrete dome technology was supplied by E & D Company , PLLC ( trading as Engineering System Solutions , ES2 ) and Dome Technology LLC . By July 2013 one firing unit had been converted , and was reported to be functioning correctly ; by 2013 the conversion of the second and third units was scheduled for 2014 and during or before 2016 respectively . The second unit was converted by May 2014 , initially co-firing an 85% biomass/coal mix due to limited biomass supply . In April 2014 Drax was awarded a renewable contract for difference ( CFD ) subsidy for biomass based power generation on another converted coal firing unit , but a third unit , which had been previously marked as eligible for CFD funding was excluded ; Drax Group then legally challenged the decision , initially obtaining a ruling in its favour , which was overturned in the Court of Appeal . In July 2014 the High Court ruled in Draxs favour . Biomass conversion at Drax led to it requiring 82% of UK biomass imports from the US in 2014 ( 60% overall of all US wood pellet export ) , a large factor in a 40% yearly increase in biomass export from that country ; US sourced imports represented 58% of Draxs biomass use in 2014 , with 22% from Canada . A port facility in Baton Rouge , Louisiana was completed by April 2015 . In mid-2015 Drax reached an agreement with Peel Ports to construct a 3million ton per year biomass importation facility at the Port of Liverpool , estimated cost £100 million . The rail connected facility was to include 100,000 tonnes storage , and be constructed by Graham Construction . In September 2015 Drax Group and Infinis began a legal action against the UK government due to claimed insufficient notice being given about the withdrawal of a climate related tax exemption ( see Climate Change Levy ) – Drax claimed the change would reduce its earnings by £30 million . The claim was rejected by the High Court in February 2016 . In December 2016 the European Competition Commission approved UK government subsidies for the conversion of the third unit to biomass burning . Petcoke . The station started to trial the co-firing of petcoke ( petroleum coke ) in one of its boilers in June 2005 , ending in June 2007 , burning 15% petcoke and 85% coal . Petcoke was burned to make the electricity more competitive as the price of running the FGD equipment was making the electricity more expensive . The Environment Agency ( EA ) granted permission for the trial in June 2004 , despite the plans being opposed by Friends of the Earth and Selby Council . To meet their concerns , emissions were constantly monitored through the trial , and they were not allowed to burn petcoke without operating the FGD plant to remove the high sulphur content of the emissions . The trial proved that there were no significant negative effects on the environment , and so in late 2007 Drax Group applied to move from trial conditions to commercial burning . The EA granted permission in early 2008 after agreeing with Draxs findings that the fuel had no significant negative effects on the environment . The station can now burn up to 300,000 tonnes of the fuel a year , and stock up to 6,000 tonnes on site . Electricity generation . Coal is fed into one of 30 coal bunkers , each with a capacity of 1,000 tonnes . Each bunker feeds two of the 60 pulverisers , each of which can crush 36 tonnes of coal an hour . The station has six Babcock Power boilers , each weighing 4,000 tonnes . The powdered coal from ten pulverisers is blasted into each boiler through burners , which are ignited by propane . In 2003 the original burners were replaced by low nitrogen oxide burners . Each of the six boilers feed steam to a steam turbine set , consisting of one high pressure ( HP ) turbine , one intermediate pressure ( IP ) turbine and three low pressure ( LP ) turbines . Each HP turbine generates 140 MW . Exhaust steam from them is fed back to the boiler and reheated , then fed to the 250 MW IP turbines and finally passes through the 90MW LP turbines . This gives each generating set a generating capacity of 660 MW : with six generating sets , the station has a total capacity of 3,960 MW . Each of the generating units is equipped with the Advanced Plant Management System ( APMS ) , a system developed by RWE npower and Thales , and implemented by Capula . The station also has six gas turbines providing backup for breakdowns , or shut downs in the National Grid . Their annual output is generally low , generating 75 MW and three of the units have been mothballed and are out of operation , but they could be refurbished . Emissions from these units are released through the stations second , smaller chimney , to the south of the main stack . Between 2007 and 2012 the high and low pressure turbines were replaced by Siemens in a £100 million programme . Cooling system . Water is essential to a thermal power station , heated to create steam to turn the steam turbines . Water used in the boilers is taken from two licensed boreholes on site . Once this water has been through the turbines it is cooled by condensers using water taken from the nearby River Ouse . Water is pumped from the river by a pumphouse on the river , north of the station . Once it has been through the condenser , the water is cooled by one of the natural draft cooling towers , with two towers serving each generating set . Once cooled , the water is discharged back into the river . Waste products . Flue gas desulphurisation . All six units are served by an independent wet limestone-gypsum FGD plant , which was installed between 1988 and 1996 . This diverts gases from the boilers and passes them through a limestone slurry , which removes at least 90% of the sulphur dioxide . This is equivalent to removing over 250,000 tonnes of SO each year . The process requires 10,000 tonnes of limestone a week , sourced from Tunstead Quarry in Derbyshire . A byproduct of the process is gypsum , with 15,000 tonnes produced each week . This goes to be used in the manufacture of plasterboard . The gypsum is sold exclusively to British Gypsum , and it is transported by rail to their plants at Kirkby Thore ( on the Settle-Carlisle Line ) , East Leake ( on the former Great Central Main Line ) and occasionally to Robertsbridge ( on the Hastings Line ) . DB Cargo UK transport the gypsum . Ash use and disposal . Pulverised fuel ash ( PFA ) and furnace bottom ash ( FBA ) are two byproducts from the burning of coal . Each year , the station produces about 1,000,000 tonnes of PFA and around 220,000 tonnes of FBA : all FBA and 85% of PFA is sold . Under the trade name Drax Ash Products , the ash is sold to the local building industry , where it is used in the manufacture of blocks , cement products , grouting and the laying of roads . The ash is also used in other parts of the country . Between 2005 and 2007 , PFA was used as an infill at four disused salt mines in Northwich in Cheshire . 1,100,000 tonnes was used in the project , which was to avoid a future risk of subsidence in the town . Ash was delivered by DB Schenker in ten trains a week , each carrying 1,100 tonnes . Following a trial in January 2010 , PFA is also transported to Waterford , Ireland by boat . One ship a month will transport 1,200 tonnes for the manufacture of construction materials . This will replace 480 lorry journeys annually and is deemed more environmentally friendly . The unsold PFA is sent by conveyor belt to the Barlow ash mound , which is used for disposal and temporary stockpile . Three conveyors feed the mound , with a total capacity of 750 tonnes an hour . FGD gypsum is disposed of on the mound if it is not of a high enough grade to be sold . The mound has won a number of awards for its nature conservation work . Environmental effects . The environmental effects of coal burning are well documented . Coal is considered to be easily the most carbon-intensive and polluting form of energy generation available . In 2007 the station produced 22,160,000 tonnes of , making it the largest single source of in the UK . Between 2000 and 2007 , there has been a net increase in carbon dioxide of over 3,000,000 tonnes . The station also has the highest estimated emissions of nitrogen oxides in the European Union . In 2007 , in a move to try to lower emissions , Drax Group signed a £100 million contract with Siemens Power Generation to re-blade the steam turbines over four years . This is the largest steam turbine modernisation ever undertaken in the UK , and will increase efficiency . Coupled with the co-firing of biomass , this is part of a target to reduce emissions by 15% by 2011 . Draxs annual report for 2013 reported that Draxs annual emissions were at 20,612,000 tonnes of . This was a slight decrease from 2007 levels due to the burning of biomass . Drax remained the UKs largest single emitter of carbon dioxide up until 2016 , when the power station claimed that its improvement programmes and conversion to burning biomass , had meant a drastic decrease in greenhouses gases being released into the atmosphere . Drax has opted in to the Large Combustion Plant Directive ( LCPD ) and thus is permitted to continue operating beyond 2015 . The use of flue gas desulfurisation ensures that the limits on sulphur dioxide emissions are not exceeded . Protests , industrial action and incidents . Climate Camp ( 2006 ) . On 31 August 2006 , over 600 people attended a protest against the high carbon emissions . It was coordinated by the Camp for Climate Action group . At least 3,000 police officers from 12 forces were reported to have been drafted in for the duration of the protest , to safeguard electricity supplies and prevent the protesters from shutting the station down . Thirty-nine people were arrested after trying illegally to gain access to the plant . Train protest ( 2008 ) . At 8:00 am on 13 June 2008 , more than 30 climate change campaigners halted an EWS coal train en route to the station by disguising themselves as rail workers by wearing high-visibility clothing and waving red flags . Stopping the train on a bridge across the River Aire , they scaled the wagons with the aid of the bridges girders . They then mounted a banner reading Leave it in the ground on the side of the wagon and tied the train to the bridge , preventing it moving . They then shovelled more than 20 tonnes of coal on to the railway line . The protest lasted the whole day , until several protesters were removed from the train by police that night . The stations management said that the protest had no effect on output . The action was coordinated by Camp for Climate Action . Worker strike ( 2009 ) . On 18 June 2009 , fewer than 200 contractors walked out of or failed to show up in a wildcat strike , showing solidarity with workers at the Lindsey Oil Refinery in Lincolnshire where 51 workers had been laid off while another employer on the site was employing . A spokeswoman said the strike did not affect electricity output . Biomass fires ( 2011 , 2013 ) . In October 2011 a fire started by spontaneous combustion in a stockpile at the Port of Tyne biomass facility . Another fire occurred at the same facility in a conveyor transfer tower in October 2013 .
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[
"Drax Group"
] |
[
{
"text": " Drax power station is a large biomass and coal-fired power station in North Yorkshire , England , capable of co-firing petcoke . It has a 2.6 GW capacity for biomass and 1.29 GW capacity for coal . Its name comes from the nearby village of Drax . It is situated on the River Ouse between Selby and Goole . Its generating capacity of 3,906 megawatts ( MW ) is the highest of any power station in the United Kingdom , providing about 6% of the United Kingdoms electricity supply .",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": "Opened in 1974 and extended in the 1980s , the station was initially operated by the Central Electricity Generating Board . Since privatisation in 1990 ownership has changed several times , and it is operated by the Drax Group . Completed in 1986 , it is the newest coal-fired power station in England . Flue gas desulphurisation equipment was fitted between 1988 and 1995 . The high and low pressure turbines were replaced between 2007 and 2012 .",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": "By 2010 , the station was co-firing biomass . In 2012 , the company announced plans to convert three generating units to solely biomass , burning 7.5 million tonnes imported from the United States and Canada . This work was completed in 2016 and a further fourth unit was converted in 2018 . The company now plans to convert its remaining two coal units to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine units and 200 MW battery storage . In February 2020 it was announced that Drax would stop burning coal by early 2021 , in accordance with the governments 2025 deadline to",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": "ban all coal-fired electricity in the United Kingdom .",
"title": "Drax Power Station"
},
{
"text": " Drax was initially conceived by the Central Electricity Generating Board ( CEGB ) in 1962 as the countrys largest power station thus far , at about 3,000 MW . Subsequently , it was decided to use this opportunity as their first station to use the 660 MW turbogenerator sets which were planned to become the new standard , so the planning consents were revised to about 4,000 MW .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": "Following the Selby Coalfield discovery in 1967 the Board would build three large power stations to use its coal . These were an expansion of the station at Ferrybridge , a new station at Eggborough , and the largest being Drax .",
"title": "History"
},
{
"text": " Authority to carry out preparatory works was granted in December 1964 , leading to full permission in March 1966 , on the basis that the station would be designed to accommodate six 660 MW units , but that only the first three be proceeded with for the time being . Ground work for these three units , known at the time as Drax First Half , started in 1967 . Two units were synchronised to the grid in 1973 , and the third in 1974 .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "Although authorised , the second half of the project – known as Drax Completion – was deferred , because during the projects gestation the Boards energy mix policy shifted to working towards a majority nuclear system . The Board decided in 1977 that construction of the final three units would commence in 1979 with the target of commissioning in 1985/6 , as part of meeting load growth with an adjusted mix policy aiming for a balance of coal , nuclear , and oil . However , later that year in July , the Government requested that Drax Completion proceed immediately",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": ", ahead of requirements , in order to secure jobs in the North Easts heavy manufacturing industries . The Board agreed to this subject to being compensated .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "The architects were Jeff King and Dennis Merritt of Clifford , Tee and Gale . The architectural critic Reyner Banham was scathing of the design : less a brick cathedral than a concrete bunker.. . obsession with ribbed surfaces and forceful projections that have their origins in brutalism . Costain constructed the foundations and cable tunnels ; Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd . laid the roads and built the ancillary buildings ; Mowlem laid the deep foundations ; Alfred McAlpine built the administration and control buildings ; Balfour Beatty undertook general building works ; and James Scott installed cabling . Tarmac",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "Construction undertook the civil engineering works ; Holst Civil Engineers built the chimney ; Bierrum & Partners built the cooling towers ; N.G . Bailey installed cabling ; Reyrolle , English Electric and South Wales Switchgear produced and installed the switchgear ; English Electric manufactured the generator cooling water pumps ; T.W . Broadbent maintained the temporary electrical supplies ; and Sulzer Brothers manufactured the boiler feed pumps . In both phases the boilers were made by Babcock Power Ltd and the generators by C . A . Parsons and Company .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": "Due to the project being split into two phases , it was decided for efficiency to design each phase as mirror image halves of one complete station with only the handful of items the whole site would share ( such as the flue stack and coal handling area ) needing to be built in First Half . This concept extended to seeking the same contractors and suppliers who worked on First Half for Completion . Unfortunately due to the decade timespan between comparable works on the two phases several manufacturers that had supplied First Half had merged or ceased trading",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": ". This , combined with changes in legislation , meant numerous components and equipment ranges used for First Half were either no longer available for Completion or had significantly changed . Separately , operating experience over that timespan had led to design improvements in equipment and plant specified by the Board , leading to a few significant areas of the design of Completion being altered .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": " The second phase was completed in 1986 . Construction of the power station entailed the demolition of a farm known as Wood House . Mitsui Babcock fitted flue-gas desulphurisation ( FGD ) equipment between 1988 and 1995 .",
"title": "Construction"
},
{
"text": " On privatisation of the CEGB in 1990 , the station was transferred from the CEGB to the privatised generating company National Power , which sold it to the AES Corporation in November 1999 for £1.87 billion ( US$3 billion ) . AES relinquished ownership in August 2003 , after falling into £1.3 billion of debt . Independent directors continued the operation to ensure security of supply . In December 2005 , after refinancing , ownership passed to the Drax Group .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "Separate acquisition offers from International Power , private equity group Texas Pacific , and a private equity backed bid from Constellation Energy were rejected for undervaluing the company . The companys valuation subsequently increased to 2005 as a result of rising electricity prices , and on 15 December 2005 Drax Group plc floated its shares on the London Stock Exchange , issuing £400 million worth of shares , on a valuation of £2.6 billion .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": " In 2009 , Drax Group submitted a planning application for the 300 MW biomass Ouse Renewable Energy Plant next to the power station . Government approval was obtained in mid 2011 . In February 2012 the company ceased planning development of the plant , citing logistics costs , and uncertainty concerning government financial support for biomass . Carbon capture and storage .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In 2006 Drax Power Limited , in response to a government consultation , stated they were sponsoring development studies into carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) , but noted that it was not then commercially viable , with costs comparable with nuclear or offshore wind power . On 17 June 2009 , Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Ed Miliband announced plans that would require all UK coal-fired power stations to be fitted with CCS technology by the early 2020s or face closure .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 a CCS project at Drax was shortlisted for government funding . In 2013 the White Rose Carbon Capture and Storage project ( formerly the UK OXY CCS project ) was shortlisted for the UK governments CCS scheme and in late 2013 was awarded a two-year FEED contract ( Front End Engineering Design ) for the CCS project . As of June 2014 , Drax is engaged in a joint venture with Alstom and BOC to build a 626 MW oxygen-fuelled combustion power station adjacent to the existing Drax site . National Grid would simultaneously construct a pipeline to",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "transport to the Yorkshire coast for sequestration .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": " In July 2014 the project was awarded €300 million funding from the European Commission .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In September 2015 Drax announced it would not be making any further investments into the CCS scheme after completion of the feasibility study because negative changes to government support for renewable energy had made the project too financially risky , plus drops in the companys share price due to the same uncertainty had reduced Draxs ability to raise funds . Front End Engineering Design was expected to continue under Alstom and BOC with the project still being hosted at Drax . In late 2015 the UK Government withdrew its potential financial support for CCS projects – up to £1 billion",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "of funding , reversing support promised in the governing partys 2015 election manifesto . As a result , Leigh Hackett , CEO of Capture Power stated that [ I ] t is difficult to imagine its continuation in the absence of crucial government support .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "In May 2018 , Drax announced a new carbon capture and storage pilot scheme that it would undertake in conjunction with the Leeds-based firm , C-Capture . The focus of this pilot will be on capturing carbon post combustion from the biomass burners as opposed to the coal burners . Drax will invest £400,000 into the project . The company , C-Capture , is a side company of the Department of Chemistry established at the University of Leeds . This would yield about of CO2 stored per day from the process , which could be sold on for use in",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": "the drinks industry . The pilot scheme was launched in February 2019 . The capture of carbon from biomas burners is known as Bio Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage ( BECCS ) .",
"title": "Post-privatisation"
},
{
"text": " Drax Repower is a proposal to modify units 5 and 6 at Drax power station by installing combined cycle gas turbines . Waste heat from the gas turbines will pass to heat recovery steam generators which will generate steam for the existing steam turbines in the respective units . The repowered units are expected to have a total electrical output of 3.6 gigawatts . There is also a proposal to construct two battery storage facilities of 100 MW ( sic ) each . Statutory consultation on the project took place in January and February 2018 .",
"title": "Drax Repower"
},
{
"text": " The main buildings are of steel frame and metal clad construction . The main features are a turbine hall , a boiler house , a chimney and 12 cooling towers . The boiler house is high , and the turbine hall is long .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "The chimney stands high , with an overall diameter of , and weighs 44,000 tonnes . It consists of three elliptical flues of reinforced concrete , each serving two of the six boilers , set within a cylindrical wind shield , also of reinforced concrete . The top most elements , the 3 cap rings of the flues which extend above the wind shield , are of cast iron . When finished , the chimney was the largest industrial chimney in the world , and is still the tallest in the United Kingdom . The chimneys dimensions , including the",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "height , were dictated by a design total capacity of 5,100 m/s of gases at 26 m/s . As the station was designed and constructed prior to the CEGBs commitment to Flue Gas Desulpurisation , extensive measures were made to limit acid attack from sulphurous condensate , namely the lining of the flues with a fluoroelastomer , and coating of the upper 29.0m of the external surfaces with a mix of acid-resisting tiles and said fluoroelastomer .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": " The twelve high natural draft cooling towers stand in two groups of six to the north and south of the station . They are made of reinforced concrete , in the typical hyperboloid design , and each have a base diameter of . Other facilities include a coal storage area , FGD plant and gypsum handling facilities .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "The station is the third largest coal-fired power station in Europe , after Bełchatów Power Station in Poland , and Neurath Power Station in Germany . It produces around 24 terawatt hours ( TWh ) ( 86.4 petajoules ) of electricity annually . Although it generates around 1,500,000 tonnes of ash and 22,800,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide each year , it is the most carbon-efficient coal-fired power plant in the United Kingdom .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "The design life was set out in terms of number of start-ups and operating cycles , but with the presumption that the station would operate as a standard 2nd-tier ( nuclear stations being 1st-tier ) baseload generator in the pattern well established under the centralised state-owned electricity system , it was summarised as in the order of 40 years . The minimum requirement was for providing full load for weekdays , over a spell of 3 months with an availability over 85% . Weekend operations were expected to be between 50–100% of full power . Despite this intent for baseload",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": "operation , it was designed with a reasonable ability for load-following , being able to ramp up or down by 5% of full power per minute within the range of 50–100% of full power .",
"title": "Design and specification"
},
{
"text": " The power station also has a jetty on the River Ouse , with a loading capacity of 200 tonnes- historically the jetty was built and used for the construction of the power station in the 1960s/70s – such as the delivery of equipment . In 2015 a planning application was submitted for the improvement of the jettys load capacity to 500 tonnes by White Rose CCS developer Capture Power Limited ( Drax/Alstom/BOC joint venture ) , for the construction of the CCS project .",
"title": "Ouse jetty"
},
{
"text": " The main transport route to the power station for fuel ( originally coal ) is train via a -long freight-only section of the former Hull and Barnsley Railway , from the Pontefract Line at Hensall Junction . A balloon loop rail layout is used so that wagons of coal do not need to be shunted after being unloaded . Merry-go-round trains are used , so that wagons can be unloaded without the train stopping as it passes through an unloading house . On average , there are 35 deliveries a day , 6 days a week .",
"title": "Fuel supply"
},
{
"text": "The power station also has a jetty ( see § Jetty ) – imports via the jetty ended c.1980 – in 2004 the jetty was trialled for the import of Tall Oil by barge .",
"title": "Fuel supply"
},
{
"text": " In its original form , the station had a maximum potential consumption of 36,000 tonnes of coal a day . In 2011 , it consumed 9.1 million tonnes of coal . This coal came from a mixture of both domestic and international sources , with domestic coal coming from mines in Yorkshire , the Midlands and Scotland , and foreign supplies coming from Australia , Colombia , Poland , Russia and South Africa . As of 2021 , all coal is sourced internationally .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "Fuel and other bulk commodities are supplied via a 6 mile branch line off the Wakefield and Goole railway line . Rail facilities include a west-facing junction on the Goole line , gross-weight and tare-weight weighbridges , limestone and gypsum handling facilities , including a handling building and control room for the FGD plant , FGD Sidings G and H , biomass offload ( Track A ) , coal offload ( Tracks A , B and C ) , bypass line ( Track D ) , oil siding ( Track E ) and ash loading ( Track F ) and",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "an unloading building and control room .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "When the station opened , most of the coal burned was from local collieries in Yorkshire , including Kellingley Colliery , Prince of Wales , Ackton Hall , Sharlston Colliery , Fryston Colliery , Askern Colliery and Bentley Colliery . Following the miners strike in the mid-1980s , by 2006 , all but Kellingley had closed . ( Kellingley closed at the end of 2015. ) UK Coal had a five-year contract to supply coal , which ended at the end of 2009 , from Kellingley , Maltby and , until its closure in 2007 , Rossington . Coal was",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "also brought from Harworth Colliery until it was mothballed , and was supplied by Daw Mill in Warwickshire .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": " The foreign coal is brought via various ports by rail . In c.2007 GB Railfreight won a contract to move coal brought from the Port of Tyne , celebrated by the company naming one of their locomotives Drax Power Station in 2007 . DB Cargo UK haul coal from the nearby ports of Hull and Immingham , and from Hunterston Terminal on the west coast of Scotland . Freightliner Group move coal imported through Redcar .",
"title": "Coal supply"
},
{
"text": "The station tested co-firing biomass in the summer of 2004 , and in doing so was the first power station in the UK to be fuelled by wood . The initial trial of 14,100 tonnes of willow was locally sourced from nearby Eggborough . Since the trial , the stations use of biomass has continued . It uses direct injection for firing the biomass , whereby it bypasses the pulverising mills and is either injected directly into the boiler or the fuel line , for greater throughput . In 2009 a target was set for 12.5% of the stations energy",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "to be sourced from biomass , and the shift to biomass was intended to contribute to the aim of cutting emissions by 15% . The station burns a large range of biomass , mostly wood pellets , sunflower pellets , olive , peanut shell husk and rape meal . The majority comes from overseas . A 100,000 tonne pa capacity straw pelletization facility was constructed at Capitol Park , Goole in 2008 , opened 2009 . Construction of specialised biomass handling facilities began in 2009 at the Port of Tyne and at Drax .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In the 2000s Drax Group applied for planning permission to build a new 300 MW power station , fuelled entirely by biomass , to the north of the station ; the Ouse Renewable Energy Plant was expected to burn 1,400,000 tonnes of biomass each year , saving 1,850,000 tonnes of emissions , and expected to create 850 construction jobs and 150 permanent jobs created once opened , through direct and contract employment . Plans were submitted to the Department of Energy and Climate Change in July 2009 for review ; if permission was granted , construction was scheduled begin in",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "late 2010 and to take up to three and a half years . Two other 300 MW biomass plants were planned by Drax at the ports of Hull and Immingham .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " In 2012 Drax group abandoned plans for the discrete biomass plant development , due to changes in government subsidies for biomass energy production favouring plant conversions over newly built plants . It switched to a project to convert half of the units at its existing plant to biomass firing . Full firing with biomass .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In September 2012 Drax Group announced the conversion to full firing with biomass of three of its six units . The first unit was scheduled to be online by June 2013 , the second unit in 2014 , and the third by 2017 ; initially a biomass supply had been secured for the first unit . The cost was estimated at £700 million ( $1.13 billion ) , including modifications to fuel mills and boilers and the construction of storage structures and conveyors for the wood pellet fuel . Each unit will consume about 2.3 million tonnes of biomass yearly",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": ", requiring an estimated annual total of 7.5 million tonnes in 2017 . This is equivalent to two-thirds of Europes entire energy biomass consumption in 2010 , and requires of forest to supply on a continuous basis .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " North America was expected to be the source of the vast majority of the biomass , although some would be domestically sourced willow and elephant grass .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "Drax Groups decision was enabled by a new UK government policy , effective in April 2013 , to award 1.0 tradable ROCs ( renewable obligation certificates ) per megawatt of power generation from coal power plants that are fully converted to burn biomass ; CEO Dorothy Thompson stated the company intended to become a predominately biomass-fuelled energy producer . By April 2013 financing for the scheme include £190 million through sale of shares , £100 million from Prudential/ M&G UK Companies Financing Fund , £50 million from the UK Green Investment Bank , and £75 million Friends Life ( underwritten",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "by HM Treasury ) , as well as a £400 million credit facility .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " As of 2013 there were plans to install 1 million tonne per year wood pellets pelletizing plants at Morehouse Parish , Louisiana , and Gloster , Mississippi , which would be shipped by road and rail to the port of Baton Rouge , Louisiana then shipped in 50,000-tonne cargo ships to UK . In the financial report for 2013 , Drax announced that an additional 2 million tons pelletisation capacity was being considered , likely to be built in the US .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In 2013 the company signed an agreement with ABP to develop handling facilities at the Port of Hull , Immingham and Grimsby ; construction of automated facilities began in 2013 , creating capacities of 3 and 1 million tonnes per year at the ports of Immingham and Hull respectively , adding to the 1.4 million tonne per year Port of Tyne biomass facility built in 2009 . In the same year a new design covered rail wagon with high volumetric capacity for transporting the low density biomass pellets was unveiled for use by Drax in the UK ; 200 wagons",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "of the type were ordered . At Drax pellets would be stored in domes , and transferred by a conveyor system before grinding to dust for use .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " The Shepherd Building Group was contracted to construct the biomass handling and storage facilities at Drax , with RPS Group as the civil engineer . The design included automated rail to storage handling , screening and storage facilities consisting of four high by wide storage domes with a capacity of . The concrete dome technology was supplied by E & D Company , PLLC ( trading as Engineering System Solutions , ES2 ) and Dome Technology LLC .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "By July 2013 one firing unit had been converted , and was reported to be functioning correctly ; by 2013 the conversion of the second and third units was scheduled for 2014 and during or before 2016 respectively . The second unit was converted by May 2014 , initially co-firing an 85% biomass/coal mix due to limited biomass supply .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " In April 2014 Drax was awarded a renewable contract for difference ( CFD ) subsidy for biomass based power generation on another converted coal firing unit , but a third unit , which had been previously marked as eligible for CFD funding was excluded ; Drax Group then legally challenged the decision , initially obtaining a ruling in its favour , which was overturned in the Court of Appeal . In July 2014 the High Court ruled in Draxs favour .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "Biomass conversion at Drax led to it requiring 82% of UK biomass imports from the US in 2014 ( 60% overall of all US wood pellet export ) , a large factor in a 40% yearly increase in biomass export from that country ; US sourced imports represented 58% of Draxs biomass use in 2014 , with 22% from Canada .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " A port facility in Baton Rouge , Louisiana was completed by April 2015 . In mid-2015 Drax reached an agreement with Peel Ports to construct a 3million ton per year biomass importation facility at the Port of Liverpool , estimated cost £100 million . The rail connected facility was to include 100,000 tonnes storage , and be constructed by Graham Construction .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "In September 2015 Drax Group and Infinis began a legal action against the UK government due to claimed insufficient notice being given about the withdrawal of a climate related tax exemption ( see Climate Change Levy ) – Drax claimed the change would reduce its earnings by £30 million . The claim was rejected by the High Court in February 2016 .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": " In December 2016 the European Competition Commission approved UK government subsidies for the conversion of the third unit to biomass burning .",
"title": "Co-firing"
},
{
"text": "The station started to trial the co-firing of petcoke ( petroleum coke ) in one of its boilers in June 2005 , ending in June 2007 , burning 15% petcoke and 85% coal . Petcoke was burned to make the electricity more competitive as the price of running the FGD equipment was making the electricity more expensive . The Environment Agency ( EA ) granted permission for the trial in June 2004 , despite the plans being opposed by Friends of the Earth and Selby Council . To meet their concerns , emissions were constantly monitored through the trial ,",
"title": "Petcoke"
},
{
"text": "and they were not allowed to burn petcoke without operating the FGD plant to remove the high sulphur content of the emissions . The trial proved that there were no significant negative effects on the environment , and so in late 2007 Drax Group applied to move from trial conditions to commercial burning . The EA granted permission in early 2008 after agreeing with Draxs findings that the fuel had no significant negative effects on the environment . The station can now burn up to 300,000 tonnes of the fuel a year , and stock up to 6,000 tonnes on",
"title": "Petcoke"
},
{
"text": "site .",
"title": "Petcoke"
},
{
"text": "Coal is fed into one of 30 coal bunkers , each with a capacity of 1,000 tonnes . Each bunker feeds two of the 60 pulverisers , each of which can crush 36 tonnes of coal an hour . The station has six Babcock Power boilers , each weighing 4,000 tonnes . The powdered coal from ten pulverisers is blasted into each boiler through burners , which are ignited by propane . In 2003 the original burners were replaced by low nitrogen oxide burners . Each of the six boilers feed steam to a steam turbine set , consisting of",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": "one high pressure ( HP ) turbine , one intermediate pressure ( IP ) turbine and three low pressure ( LP ) turbines . Each HP turbine generates 140 MW . Exhaust steam from them is fed back to the boiler and reheated , then fed to the 250 MW IP turbines and finally passes through the 90MW LP turbines . This gives each generating set a generating capacity of 660 MW : with six generating sets , the station has a total capacity of 3,960 MW . Each of the generating units is equipped with the Advanced Plant Management",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": "System ( APMS ) , a system developed by RWE npower and Thales , and implemented by Capula .",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": " The station also has six gas turbines providing backup for breakdowns , or shut downs in the National Grid . Their annual output is generally low , generating 75 MW and three of the units have been mothballed and are out of operation , but they could be refurbished . Emissions from these units are released through the stations second , smaller chimney , to the south of the main stack . Between 2007 and 2012 the high and low pressure turbines were replaced by Siemens in a £100 million programme .",
"title": "Electricity generation"
},
{
"text": "Water is essential to a thermal power station , heated to create steam to turn the steam turbines . Water used in the boilers is taken from two licensed boreholes on site . Once this water has been through the turbines it is cooled by condensers using water taken from the nearby River Ouse . Water is pumped from the river by a pumphouse on the river , north of the station . Once it has been through the condenser , the water is cooled by one of the natural draft cooling towers , with two towers serving each generating",
"title": "Cooling system"
},
{
"text": "set . Once cooled , the water is discharged back into the river .",
"title": "Cooling system"
},
{
"text": "All six units are served by an independent wet limestone-gypsum FGD plant , which was installed between 1988 and 1996 . This diverts gases from the boilers and passes them through a limestone slurry , which removes at least 90% of the sulphur dioxide . This is equivalent to removing over 250,000 tonnes of SO each year . The process requires 10,000 tonnes of limestone a week , sourced from Tunstead Quarry in Derbyshire . A byproduct of the process is gypsum , with 15,000 tonnes produced each week . This goes to be used in the manufacture of plasterboard",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": ". The gypsum is sold exclusively to British Gypsum , and it is transported by rail to their plants at Kirkby Thore ( on the Settle-Carlisle Line ) , East Leake ( on the former Great Central Main Line ) and occasionally to Robertsbridge ( on the Hastings Line ) . DB Cargo UK transport the gypsum .",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": "Pulverised fuel ash ( PFA ) and furnace bottom ash ( FBA ) are two byproducts from the burning of coal . Each year , the station produces about 1,000,000 tonnes of PFA and around 220,000 tonnes of FBA : all FBA and 85% of PFA is sold . Under the trade name Drax Ash Products , the ash is sold to the local building industry , where it is used in the manufacture of blocks , cement products , grouting and the laying of roads . The ash is also used in other parts of the country . Between",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": "2005 and 2007 , PFA was used as an infill at four disused salt mines in Northwich in Cheshire . 1,100,000 tonnes was used in the project , which was to avoid a future risk of subsidence in the town . Ash was delivered by DB Schenker in ten trains a week , each carrying 1,100 tonnes . Following a trial in January 2010 , PFA is also transported to Waterford , Ireland by boat . One ship a month will transport 1,200 tonnes for the manufacture of construction materials . This will replace 480 lorry journeys annually and is",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": "deemed more environmentally friendly .",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": " The unsold PFA is sent by conveyor belt to the Barlow ash mound , which is used for disposal and temporary stockpile . Three conveyors feed the mound , with a total capacity of 750 tonnes an hour . FGD gypsum is disposed of on the mound if it is not of a high enough grade to be sold . The mound has won a number of awards for its nature conservation work .",
"title": "Flue gas desulphurisation"
},
{
"text": " The environmental effects of coal burning are well documented . Coal is considered to be easily the most carbon-intensive and polluting form of energy generation available . In 2007 the station produced 22,160,000 tonnes of , making it the largest single source of in the UK . Between 2000 and 2007 , there has been a net increase in carbon dioxide of over 3,000,000 tonnes . The station also has the highest estimated emissions of nitrogen oxides in the European Union .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "In 2007 , in a move to try to lower emissions , Drax Group signed a £100 million contract with Siemens Power Generation to re-blade the steam turbines over four years . This is the largest steam turbine modernisation ever undertaken in the UK , and will increase efficiency . Coupled with the co-firing of biomass , this is part of a target to reduce emissions by 15% by 2011 .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": " Draxs annual report for 2013 reported that Draxs annual emissions were at 20,612,000 tonnes of . This was a slight decrease from 2007 levels due to the burning of biomass . Drax remained the UKs largest single emitter of carbon dioxide up until 2016 , when the power station claimed that its improvement programmes and conversion to burning biomass , had meant a drastic decrease in greenhouses gases being released into the atmosphere .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "Drax has opted in to the Large Combustion Plant Directive ( LCPD ) and thus is permitted to continue operating beyond 2015 . The use of flue gas desulfurisation ensures that the limits on sulphur dioxide emissions are not exceeded .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": " Protests , industrial action and incidents . Climate Camp ( 2006 ) . On 31 August 2006 , over 600 people attended a protest against the high carbon emissions . It was coordinated by the Camp for Climate Action group . At least 3,000 police officers from 12 forces were reported to have been drafted in for the duration of the protest , to safeguard electricity supplies and prevent the protesters from shutting the station down . Thirty-nine people were arrested after trying illegally to gain access to the plant . Train protest ( 2008 ) .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "At 8:00 am on 13 June 2008 , more than 30 climate change campaigners halted an EWS coal train en route to the station by disguising themselves as rail workers by wearing high-visibility clothing and waving red flags . Stopping the train on a bridge across the River Aire , they scaled the wagons with the aid of the bridges girders . They then mounted a banner reading Leave it in the ground on the side of the wagon and tied the train to the bridge , preventing it moving . They then shovelled more than 20 tonnes of coal",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "on to the railway line . The protest lasted the whole day , until several protesters were removed from the train by police that night . The stations management said that the protest had no effect on output . The action was coordinated by Camp for Climate Action .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": " Worker strike ( 2009 ) . On 18 June 2009 , fewer than 200 contractors walked out of or failed to show up in a wildcat strike , showing solidarity with workers at the Lindsey Oil Refinery in Lincolnshire where 51 workers had been laid off while another employer on the site was employing . A spokeswoman said the strike did not affect electricity output . Biomass fires ( 2011 , 2013 ) .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
},
{
"text": "In October 2011 a fire started by spontaneous combustion in a stockpile at the Port of Tyne biomass facility . Another fire occurred at the same facility in a conveyor transfer tower in October 2013 .",
"title": "Environmental effects"
}
] |
/wiki/Glenn_Grothman#P69#0
|
Which school did Glenn Grothman go to between Nov 1972 and Dec 1972?
|
Glenn Grothman Glenn S . Grothman ( born July 3 , 1955 ) is an American attorney and politician serving as member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Wisconsins 6th congressional district . He was first elected in November 2014 . Grothman served in the Wisconsin State Assembly , representing the 58th district from 1993 until 2005 and acting the vice chair of the Assemblys Republican caucus from 1999 to 2004 . He was also a member of the Wisconsin Senate from the 20th district from 2005 to 2015 , and Assistant Majority Leader of the Wisconsin Senate from 2011 to 2015 . Early life and education . Grothman graduated from Homestead High School in Mequon in 1973 . In 1978 , he graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a bachelor of business administration degree . He earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1983 , was admitted to the bar , and became an attorney with a firm in West Bend , Wisconsin . Wisconsin legislature . Elections . Grothman was elected to the Wisconsin 58th Assembly District in a special election held in December 1993 , and was re-elected five times , from November 1994 through November 2002 . From 1999 to 2004 , he was the Assembly Majority Caucus Vice Chairperson . In 2004 , Grothman ran for the state senate seat in the 20th district , challenging State Senate Majority Leader Mary Panzer in the Republican primary . The district included the city of West Bend , other parts of Washington County , and parts of Fond du Lac , Dodge , Sheboygan , and Ozaukee counties . Grothman ran well to Panzers right . He won the nomination in a rout , taking 79 percent of the vote to Panzers 21 percent . He was unopposed in the general election in the heavily Republican district . Grothman was re-elected in 2008 and 2012 . Tenure . From 2007 to 2008 , Grothman was the Senate Minority Caucus Chairperson . He became the assistant Republican leader in 2009 , serving as assistant minority leader from 2009 to 2010 , and as assistant majority leader from 2011 through January 2015 . Grothman was a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council ( ALEC ) . 2011 Wisconsin budget protests . Grothman was a vocal proponent of SB11 , a controversial bill proposed by Governor Scott Walker in early 2011 . He said he supported the so-called budget repair bill because it was fiscally responsible . In a press interview , he said that he did not find it impressive that over 70,000 protesters marched on the capitol . During the protests , Grothman was cornered by almost 200 pro-union protesters yelling Shame ! Shame ! outside the state capitol building . Grothman said he was not concerned about violence at the time , adding that , Theyre loud , theyll give you the finger , and they yell at you , but I really think deep down inside theyre just mostly college kids having fun , just like theyre having fun sleeping with their girlfriends on air mattresses . Thats the guts of that crowd . He also described the protesters as a different breed of person and a bunch of slobs taking up the building . During this time , Grothman also advocated the hiring of more business-friendly individuals to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . In doing so , he went out of his way to single out one of the University of Wisconsin campuses as a target : Maybe you ( should ) look to hire those people who know what the real world is like , rather than a recent graduate from UW-Stevens Point who doesnt know what the real world is like . This was only days before appearing at UW–Stevens Point with the Joint Finance Committee for a day of hearings on Walkers budget bill . Grothman was subject to a recall effort in the spring of 2011 , but the effort failed , collecting only 75% of the required signatures . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 2014 . On April 3 , 2014 , Grothman announced he would run in that years Republican primary for against 17-term incumbent Tom Petri . He positioned himself well to Petris right ; in his campaign announcement he called Petri a decent , genial person who lacked the sense of urgency to put more curbs on a federal government that seems to be out of control . Grothman did not have to give up his state senate seat to run for Congress ; Wisconsin state senators serve staggered four-year terms , and he was not up for reelection until 2016 . Petri announced shortly after Grothman entered the race that he wouldnt run for reelection . Grothmans longtime home in West Bend was located in the 5th District , represented by Republican Jim Sensenbrenner . However , his state senate district included much of the southeastern portion of the 6th congressional district . In the summer of 2014 , Grothman moved to Campellsport , a suburb of Fond du Lac , which is located in the 6th District . In the general election , Grothman defeated the Democratic nominee , Winnebago County Executive Mark Harris , getting 57 percent of the vote to Harris 41% . 2016 . In November 2016 , Grothman won re-election against a challenge from Democratic nominee Sarah Llyod getting 57% of votes to Lloyds 37% . 2018 . In November 2018 , Grothman won re-election against a challenge from Democratic nominee Dan Kohl , getting 55.5% of votes to Kohls 44.5% . Committee assignments . - Committee on the Budget - Committee on Education and the Workforce - Subcommittee on Early Childhood , Elementary and Secondary Education - Subcommittee on Health , Employment , Labor , and Pensions - Committee on Oversight and Government Reform - Subcommittee on Government Operations - Subcommittee on Transportation and Public Assets - Joint Economic Committee Caucus Memberships . - Republican Study Committee - Second Amendment Caucus Political positions . The Washington Post has described Grothman as a shambling , strident conservative with a Trumpian tell-it-like-it-is streak who typically votes with the House GOP leadership . According to Axios in October 2020 , Grothman had a Trump Loyalty Index – measuring both his congressional votes and public reaction to certain statements from President Donald Trump – of 93 , higher than any other member of Congress . 4-year-old kindergarten . Grothman said the states kindergarten program for 4-year-olds should be defunded by Governor Scott Walker , saying that any academic benefits disappear by the fourth grade . Politifact rated this as False , and wrote that Some studies reached that conclusion . But Grothman is citing one small portion of a much broader debate and declaring the whole matter settled when there is considerable evidence on the other side . Concealed carry . An advocate of Second Amendment rights , Grothman is a long-time supporter of concealed carry legislation , but does not advocate allowing concealed weapons in taverns . He believes concealed carry laws will deter criminal behavior , with permits being given to law-abiding citizens who pass a gun safety course . Grothman co-introduced 2011 SB 93 , which was signed into law by Walker This bill made Wisconsin the 49th state to legalize concealed carry . Equal pay . Speaking in support of Walkers decision to repeal the Wisconsin Equal Pay Act , Grothman said that the alleged pay differential is explainable : Once you break it down by married and unmarried , the differential disappears . However , a study by the American Association of University Women in 2007 found that life choices and family circumstances explain only a portion of the difference in pay between genders . Grothman rejected that study , further claiming , You could argue that money is more important for men . I think a guy in their first job , maybe because they expect to be a breadwinner someday , may be a little more money-conscious . To attribute everything to a so-called bias in the workplace is just not true . LGBT rights . Grothman opposed a provision in a 2010 sex education law that prohibited teachers from promoting bias based on sexual orientation , saying that he did not believe the topic should be discussed at all in the public schools . According to the Capitol Times , Grothmans opposition was based on the belief that instructors who lead these talks would have what he called an agenda to persuade students to become gay . He postulated that Part of that agenda which is left unsaid is that some of those who throw it out as an option would like it if more kids became homosexuals . Grothman said that he was concerned about what God might think of the United States after Secretary of State John Kerry announced plans in April 2014 to send scientists to Uganda in response to a new law against homosexuality ; Grothman described Kerrys plans a way to say how wonderful the homosexual lifestyle is . Grothman said Republicans , conservatives , and church leaders were not confronting the issue of homosexuality and were losing the issue . He said , We had such a great country in the relatively recent past . Now America , supposed to be the light of the world , instead were the light going in the opposite direction . Kwanzaa . Grothman said in a December 2012 press release that Kwanzaa is not a real holiday . He said , Of course , almost no black people today care about Kwanzaa—just white left-wingers who try to shove this down black peoples throats in an effort to divide Americans . Martin Luther King , Jr . Day . Grothman has argued that Martin Luther King , Jr . Day should not be a state employee holiday , calling the holiday an insult to all the other taxpayers around the state . He has expressed doubts that state workers would be checking out DVDs or reading books about King and would probably just be out shopping or watching television instead . Municipal water chlorination . Grothman was a co-sponsor of Senate Bill 19 ( 2011 ) , which removes the requirement of mandatory chlorination of groundwater in municipal water systems . The bill was supported by the League of Wisconsin Municipalities . Raw milk . Grothman is a vocal supporter of decriminalizing raw milk sales . Marriage . In February 2012 , Grothman introduced Senate Bill 507 , which would amend Wisconsin statutes to emphasize non-marital parenthood as a contributing factor to child abuse and neglect . Politifact investigated his claim that kids living with a parent and parents partner are 20 times more likely to be sexually abused , and rated it True . He also sponsored State Bill 202 , which would have repealed the Equal Pay Enforcement Act , saying that the Left and the social welfare establishment want children born out of wedlock because they are far more likely to be dependent on the government . Smoking . Grothman opposed a bill that would increase funding for anti-smoking programs from $10 to $30 million . He said that anti-smoking campaigns do not work , and are no longer necessary , writing , Everybody knows youre not supposed to smoke ! He also voted against the ban on smoking in bars , restaurants and other small business that became effective in July 2010 . After the bill was passed , he introduced new legislation to allow lodging establishments , such as hotels , to designate certain rooms as smoking rooms ; the bill did not pass . He also co-sponsored a bill to exempt electronic cigarettes from the smoking ban . Welfare reform . In June 2013 , Grothman proposed changing the welfare system in Wisconsin , to require that nondisabled single adults to either work twenty hours per week , or attend twenty hours of job training per week to continue receiving FoodShare benefits . Controversy . Glenn Grothman declared on the House floor during a debate on the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 that Black Lives Matter black people do not care about the old-fashioned family . He also claimed that President Joe Biden′s inauguration speech was divisive . Public image . In October 2016 , Grothman was featured in the People Who Somehow Got Elected segment on HBOs program Last Week Tonight with John Oliver . The segment made reference to Grothmans controversial comments about women and race during his time as an elected official . On July 11 , 2020 , Grothman achieved social-media notoriety by coughing uncontrollably while speaking at the Wisconsin Republican Party convention . Personal life . Grothman lives in Glenbeulah , Wisconsin . External links . - Congressman Glenn Grothman official U.S . House website - Glenn Grothman for Congress
|
[
"Grothman graduated from Homestead High School in Mequon in 1973"
] |
[
{
"text": " Glenn S . Grothman ( born July 3 , 1955 ) is an American attorney and politician serving as member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Wisconsins 6th congressional district . He was first elected in November 2014 .",
"title": "Glenn Grothman"
},
{
"text": "Grothman served in the Wisconsin State Assembly , representing the 58th district from 1993 until 2005 and acting the vice chair of the Assemblys Republican caucus from 1999 to 2004 . He was also a member of the Wisconsin Senate from the 20th district from 2005 to 2015 , and Assistant Majority Leader of the Wisconsin Senate from 2011 to 2015 .",
"title": "Glenn Grothman"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Grothman graduated from Homestead High School in Mequon in 1973 . In 1978 , he graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a bachelor of business administration degree . He earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1983 , was admitted to the bar , and became an attorney with a firm in West Bend , Wisconsin .",
"title": "Glenn Grothman"
},
{
"text": " Grothman was elected to the Wisconsin 58th Assembly District in a special election held in December 1993 , and was re-elected five times , from November 1994 through November 2002 . From 1999 to 2004 , he was the Assembly Majority Caucus Vice Chairperson .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , Grothman ran for the state senate seat in the 20th district , challenging State Senate Majority Leader Mary Panzer in the Republican primary . The district included the city of West Bend , other parts of Washington County , and parts of Fond du Lac , Dodge , Sheboygan , and Ozaukee counties .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " Grothman ran well to Panzers right . He won the nomination in a rout , taking 79 percent of the vote to Panzers 21 percent . He was unopposed in the general election in the heavily Republican district . Grothman was re-elected in 2008 and 2012 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " From 2007 to 2008 , Grothman was the Senate Minority Caucus Chairperson . He became the assistant Republican leader in 2009 , serving as assistant minority leader from 2009 to 2010 , and as assistant majority leader from 2011 through January 2015 . Grothman was a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council ( ALEC ) . 2011 Wisconsin budget protests .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "Grothman was a vocal proponent of SB11 , a controversial bill proposed by Governor Scott Walker in early 2011 . He said he supported the so-called budget repair bill because it was fiscally responsible . In a press interview , he said that he did not find it impressive that over 70,000 protesters marched on the capitol .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "During the protests , Grothman was cornered by almost 200 pro-union protesters yelling Shame ! Shame ! outside the state capitol building . Grothman said he was not concerned about violence at the time , adding that , Theyre loud , theyll give you the finger , and they yell at you , but I really think deep down inside theyre just mostly college kids having fun , just like theyre having fun sleeping with their girlfriends on air mattresses . Thats the guts of that crowd . He also described the protesters as a different breed of person and",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "a bunch of slobs taking up the building .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "During this time , Grothman also advocated the hiring of more business-friendly individuals to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . In doing so , he went out of his way to single out one of the University of Wisconsin campuses as a target : Maybe you ( should ) look to hire those people who know what the real world is like , rather than a recent graduate from UW-Stevens Point who doesnt know what the real world is like . This was only days before appearing at UW–Stevens Point with the Joint Finance Committee for a day of",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "hearings on Walkers budget bill .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " Grothman was subject to a recall effort in the spring of 2011 , but the effort failed , collecting only 75% of the required signatures . U.S . House of Representatives .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "On April 3 , 2014 , Grothman announced he would run in that years Republican primary for against 17-term incumbent Tom Petri . He positioned himself well to Petris right ; in his campaign announcement he called Petri a decent , genial person who lacked the sense of urgency to put more curbs on a federal government that seems to be out of control . Grothman did not have to give up his state senate seat to run for Congress ; Wisconsin state senators serve staggered four-year terms , and he was not up for reelection until 2016 . Petri",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "announced shortly after Grothman entered the race that he wouldnt run for reelection .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " Grothmans longtime home in West Bend was located in the 5th District , represented by Republican Jim Sensenbrenner . However , his state senate district included much of the southeastern portion of the 6th congressional district . In the summer of 2014 , Grothman moved to Campellsport , a suburb of Fond du Lac , which is located in the 6th District . In the general election , Grothman defeated the Democratic nominee , Winnebago County Executive Mark Harris , getting 57 percent of the vote to Harris 41% . 2016 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In November 2016 , Grothman won re-election against a challenge from Democratic nominee Sarah Llyod getting 57% of votes to Lloyds 37% .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2018 . In November 2018 , Grothman won re-election against a challenge from Democratic nominee Dan Kohl , getting 55.5% of votes to Kohls 44.5% .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " - Committee on the Budget - Committee on Education and the Workforce - Subcommittee on Early Childhood , Elementary and Secondary Education - Subcommittee on Health , Employment , Labor , and Pensions - Committee on Oversight and Government Reform - Subcommittee on Government Operations - Subcommittee on Transportation and Public Assets - Joint Economic Committee",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " The Washington Post has described Grothman as a shambling , strident conservative with a Trumpian tell-it-like-it-is streak who typically votes with the House GOP leadership . According to Axios in October 2020 , Grothman had a Trump Loyalty Index – measuring both his congressional votes and public reaction to certain statements from President Donald Trump – of 93 , higher than any other member of Congress . 4-year-old kindergarten .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": "Grothman said the states kindergarten program for 4-year-olds should be defunded by Governor Scott Walker , saying that any academic benefits disappear by the fourth grade . Politifact rated this as False , and wrote that Some studies reached that conclusion . But Grothman is citing one small portion of a much broader debate and declaring the whole matter settled when there is considerable evidence on the other side .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": " An advocate of Second Amendment rights , Grothman is a long-time supporter of concealed carry legislation , but does not advocate allowing concealed weapons in taverns . He believes concealed carry laws will deter criminal behavior , with permits being given to law-abiding citizens who pass a gun safety course . Grothman co-introduced 2011 SB 93 , which was signed into law by Walker This bill made Wisconsin the 49th state to legalize concealed carry .",
"title": "Concealed carry"
},
{
"text": "Speaking in support of Walkers decision to repeal the Wisconsin Equal Pay Act , Grothman said that the alleged pay differential is explainable : Once you break it down by married and unmarried , the differential disappears . However , a study by the American Association of University Women in 2007 found that life choices and family circumstances explain only a portion of the difference in pay between genders . Grothman rejected that study , further claiming , You could argue that money is more important for men . I think a guy in their first job , maybe because",
"title": "Equal pay"
},
{
"text": "they expect to be a breadwinner someday , may be a little more money-conscious . To attribute everything to a so-called bias in the workplace is just not true .",
"title": "Equal pay"
},
{
"text": "Grothman opposed a provision in a 2010 sex education law that prohibited teachers from promoting bias based on sexual orientation , saying that he did not believe the topic should be discussed at all in the public schools . According to the Capitol Times , Grothmans opposition was based on the belief that instructors who lead these talks would have what he called an agenda to persuade students to become gay . He postulated that Part of that agenda which is left unsaid is that some of those who throw it out as an option would like it if more",
"title": "LGBT rights"
},
{
"text": "kids became homosexuals .",
"title": "LGBT rights"
},
{
"text": "Grothman said that he was concerned about what God might think of the United States after Secretary of State John Kerry announced plans in April 2014 to send scientists to Uganda in response to a new law against homosexuality ; Grothman described Kerrys plans a way to say how wonderful the homosexual lifestyle is . Grothman said Republicans , conservatives , and church leaders were not confronting the issue of homosexuality and were losing the issue . He said , We had such a great country in the relatively recent past . Now America , supposed to be the light",
"title": "LGBT rights"
},
{
"text": "of the world , instead were the light going in the opposite direction .",
"title": "LGBT rights"
},
{
"text": " Grothman said in a December 2012 press release that Kwanzaa is not a real holiday . He said , Of course , almost no black people today care about Kwanzaa—just white left-wingers who try to shove this down black peoples throats in an effort to divide Americans . Martin Luther King , Jr . Day .",
"title": "Kwanzaa"
},
{
"text": "Grothman has argued that Martin Luther King , Jr . Day should not be a state employee holiday , calling the holiday an insult to all the other taxpayers around the state . He has expressed doubts that state workers would be checking out DVDs or reading books about King and would probably just be out shopping or watching television instead .",
"title": "Kwanzaa"
},
{
"text": " Grothman was a co-sponsor of Senate Bill 19 ( 2011 ) , which removes the requirement of mandatory chlorination of groundwater in municipal water systems . The bill was supported by the League of Wisconsin Municipalities .",
"title": "Municipal water chlorination"
},
{
"text": " In February 2012 , Grothman introduced Senate Bill 507 , which would amend Wisconsin statutes to emphasize non-marital parenthood as a contributing factor to child abuse and neglect . Politifact investigated his claim that kids living with a parent and parents partner are 20 times more likely to be sexually abused , and rated it True .",
"title": "Marriage"
},
{
"text": "He also sponsored State Bill 202 , which would have repealed the Equal Pay Enforcement Act , saying that the Left and the social welfare establishment want children born out of wedlock because they are far more likely to be dependent on the government .",
"title": "Marriage"
},
{
"text": "Grothman opposed a bill that would increase funding for anti-smoking programs from $10 to $30 million . He said that anti-smoking campaigns do not work , and are no longer necessary , writing , Everybody knows youre not supposed to smoke ! He also voted against the ban on smoking in bars , restaurants and other small business that became effective in July 2010 . After the bill was passed , he introduced new legislation to allow lodging establishments , such as hotels , to designate certain rooms as smoking rooms ; the bill did not pass . He also",
"title": "Smoking"
},
{
"text": "co-sponsored a bill to exempt electronic cigarettes from the smoking ban .",
"title": "Smoking"
},
{
"text": " In June 2013 , Grothman proposed changing the welfare system in Wisconsin , to require that nondisabled single adults to either work twenty hours per week , or attend twenty hours of job training per week to continue receiving FoodShare benefits .",
"title": "Welfare reform"
},
{
"text": " Glenn Grothman declared on the House floor during a debate on the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 that Black Lives Matter black people do not care about the old-fashioned family . He also claimed that President Joe Biden′s inauguration speech was divisive .",
"title": "Controversy"
},
{
"text": " In October 2016 , Grothman was featured in the People Who Somehow Got Elected segment on HBOs program Last Week Tonight with John Oliver . The segment made reference to Grothmans controversial comments about women and race during his time as an elected official . On July 11 , 2020 , Grothman achieved social-media notoriety by coughing uncontrollably while speaking at the Wisconsin Republican Party convention .",
"title": "Public image"
},
{
"text": " - Congressman Glenn Grothman official U.S . House website - Glenn Grothman for Congress",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Glenn_Grothman#P69#1
|
Which school did Glenn Grothman go to after Dec 1975?
|
Glenn Grothman Glenn S . Grothman ( born July 3 , 1955 ) is an American attorney and politician serving as member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Wisconsins 6th congressional district . He was first elected in November 2014 . Grothman served in the Wisconsin State Assembly , representing the 58th district from 1993 until 2005 and acting the vice chair of the Assemblys Republican caucus from 1999 to 2004 . He was also a member of the Wisconsin Senate from the 20th district from 2005 to 2015 , and Assistant Majority Leader of the Wisconsin Senate from 2011 to 2015 . Early life and education . Grothman graduated from Homestead High School in Mequon in 1973 . In 1978 , he graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a bachelor of business administration degree . He earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1983 , was admitted to the bar , and became an attorney with a firm in West Bend , Wisconsin . Wisconsin legislature . Elections . Grothman was elected to the Wisconsin 58th Assembly District in a special election held in December 1993 , and was re-elected five times , from November 1994 through November 2002 . From 1999 to 2004 , he was the Assembly Majority Caucus Vice Chairperson . In 2004 , Grothman ran for the state senate seat in the 20th district , challenging State Senate Majority Leader Mary Panzer in the Republican primary . The district included the city of West Bend , other parts of Washington County , and parts of Fond du Lac , Dodge , Sheboygan , and Ozaukee counties . Grothman ran well to Panzers right . He won the nomination in a rout , taking 79 percent of the vote to Panzers 21 percent . He was unopposed in the general election in the heavily Republican district . Grothman was re-elected in 2008 and 2012 . Tenure . From 2007 to 2008 , Grothman was the Senate Minority Caucus Chairperson . He became the assistant Republican leader in 2009 , serving as assistant minority leader from 2009 to 2010 , and as assistant majority leader from 2011 through January 2015 . Grothman was a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council ( ALEC ) . 2011 Wisconsin budget protests . Grothman was a vocal proponent of SB11 , a controversial bill proposed by Governor Scott Walker in early 2011 . He said he supported the so-called budget repair bill because it was fiscally responsible . In a press interview , he said that he did not find it impressive that over 70,000 protesters marched on the capitol . During the protests , Grothman was cornered by almost 200 pro-union protesters yelling Shame ! Shame ! outside the state capitol building . Grothman said he was not concerned about violence at the time , adding that , Theyre loud , theyll give you the finger , and they yell at you , but I really think deep down inside theyre just mostly college kids having fun , just like theyre having fun sleeping with their girlfriends on air mattresses . Thats the guts of that crowd . He also described the protesters as a different breed of person and a bunch of slobs taking up the building . During this time , Grothman also advocated the hiring of more business-friendly individuals to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . In doing so , he went out of his way to single out one of the University of Wisconsin campuses as a target : Maybe you ( should ) look to hire those people who know what the real world is like , rather than a recent graduate from UW-Stevens Point who doesnt know what the real world is like . This was only days before appearing at UW–Stevens Point with the Joint Finance Committee for a day of hearings on Walkers budget bill . Grothman was subject to a recall effort in the spring of 2011 , but the effort failed , collecting only 75% of the required signatures . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 2014 . On April 3 , 2014 , Grothman announced he would run in that years Republican primary for against 17-term incumbent Tom Petri . He positioned himself well to Petris right ; in his campaign announcement he called Petri a decent , genial person who lacked the sense of urgency to put more curbs on a federal government that seems to be out of control . Grothman did not have to give up his state senate seat to run for Congress ; Wisconsin state senators serve staggered four-year terms , and he was not up for reelection until 2016 . Petri announced shortly after Grothman entered the race that he wouldnt run for reelection . Grothmans longtime home in West Bend was located in the 5th District , represented by Republican Jim Sensenbrenner . However , his state senate district included much of the southeastern portion of the 6th congressional district . In the summer of 2014 , Grothman moved to Campellsport , a suburb of Fond du Lac , which is located in the 6th District . In the general election , Grothman defeated the Democratic nominee , Winnebago County Executive Mark Harris , getting 57 percent of the vote to Harris 41% . 2016 . In November 2016 , Grothman won re-election against a challenge from Democratic nominee Sarah Llyod getting 57% of votes to Lloyds 37% . 2018 . In November 2018 , Grothman won re-election against a challenge from Democratic nominee Dan Kohl , getting 55.5% of votes to Kohls 44.5% . Committee assignments . - Committee on the Budget - Committee on Education and the Workforce - Subcommittee on Early Childhood , Elementary and Secondary Education - Subcommittee on Health , Employment , Labor , and Pensions - Committee on Oversight and Government Reform - Subcommittee on Government Operations - Subcommittee on Transportation and Public Assets - Joint Economic Committee Caucus Memberships . - Republican Study Committee - Second Amendment Caucus Political positions . The Washington Post has described Grothman as a shambling , strident conservative with a Trumpian tell-it-like-it-is streak who typically votes with the House GOP leadership . According to Axios in October 2020 , Grothman had a Trump Loyalty Index – measuring both his congressional votes and public reaction to certain statements from President Donald Trump – of 93 , higher than any other member of Congress . 4-year-old kindergarten . Grothman said the states kindergarten program for 4-year-olds should be defunded by Governor Scott Walker , saying that any academic benefits disappear by the fourth grade . Politifact rated this as False , and wrote that Some studies reached that conclusion . But Grothman is citing one small portion of a much broader debate and declaring the whole matter settled when there is considerable evidence on the other side . Concealed carry . An advocate of Second Amendment rights , Grothman is a long-time supporter of concealed carry legislation , but does not advocate allowing concealed weapons in taverns . He believes concealed carry laws will deter criminal behavior , with permits being given to law-abiding citizens who pass a gun safety course . Grothman co-introduced 2011 SB 93 , which was signed into law by Walker This bill made Wisconsin the 49th state to legalize concealed carry . Equal pay . Speaking in support of Walkers decision to repeal the Wisconsin Equal Pay Act , Grothman said that the alleged pay differential is explainable : Once you break it down by married and unmarried , the differential disappears . However , a study by the American Association of University Women in 2007 found that life choices and family circumstances explain only a portion of the difference in pay between genders . Grothman rejected that study , further claiming , You could argue that money is more important for men . I think a guy in their first job , maybe because they expect to be a breadwinner someday , may be a little more money-conscious . To attribute everything to a so-called bias in the workplace is just not true . LGBT rights . Grothman opposed a provision in a 2010 sex education law that prohibited teachers from promoting bias based on sexual orientation , saying that he did not believe the topic should be discussed at all in the public schools . According to the Capitol Times , Grothmans opposition was based on the belief that instructors who lead these talks would have what he called an agenda to persuade students to become gay . He postulated that Part of that agenda which is left unsaid is that some of those who throw it out as an option would like it if more kids became homosexuals . Grothman said that he was concerned about what God might think of the United States after Secretary of State John Kerry announced plans in April 2014 to send scientists to Uganda in response to a new law against homosexuality ; Grothman described Kerrys plans a way to say how wonderful the homosexual lifestyle is . Grothman said Republicans , conservatives , and church leaders were not confronting the issue of homosexuality and were losing the issue . He said , We had such a great country in the relatively recent past . Now America , supposed to be the light of the world , instead were the light going in the opposite direction . Kwanzaa . Grothman said in a December 2012 press release that Kwanzaa is not a real holiday . He said , Of course , almost no black people today care about Kwanzaa—just white left-wingers who try to shove this down black peoples throats in an effort to divide Americans . Martin Luther King , Jr . Day . Grothman has argued that Martin Luther King , Jr . Day should not be a state employee holiday , calling the holiday an insult to all the other taxpayers around the state . He has expressed doubts that state workers would be checking out DVDs or reading books about King and would probably just be out shopping or watching television instead . Municipal water chlorination . Grothman was a co-sponsor of Senate Bill 19 ( 2011 ) , which removes the requirement of mandatory chlorination of groundwater in municipal water systems . The bill was supported by the League of Wisconsin Municipalities . Raw milk . Grothman is a vocal supporter of decriminalizing raw milk sales . Marriage . In February 2012 , Grothman introduced Senate Bill 507 , which would amend Wisconsin statutes to emphasize non-marital parenthood as a contributing factor to child abuse and neglect . Politifact investigated his claim that kids living with a parent and parents partner are 20 times more likely to be sexually abused , and rated it True . He also sponsored State Bill 202 , which would have repealed the Equal Pay Enforcement Act , saying that the Left and the social welfare establishment want children born out of wedlock because they are far more likely to be dependent on the government . Smoking . Grothman opposed a bill that would increase funding for anti-smoking programs from $10 to $30 million . He said that anti-smoking campaigns do not work , and are no longer necessary , writing , Everybody knows youre not supposed to smoke ! He also voted against the ban on smoking in bars , restaurants and other small business that became effective in July 2010 . After the bill was passed , he introduced new legislation to allow lodging establishments , such as hotels , to designate certain rooms as smoking rooms ; the bill did not pass . He also co-sponsored a bill to exempt electronic cigarettes from the smoking ban . Welfare reform . In June 2013 , Grothman proposed changing the welfare system in Wisconsin , to require that nondisabled single adults to either work twenty hours per week , or attend twenty hours of job training per week to continue receiving FoodShare benefits . Controversy . Glenn Grothman declared on the House floor during a debate on the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 that Black Lives Matter black people do not care about the old-fashioned family . He also claimed that President Joe Biden′s inauguration speech was divisive . Public image . In October 2016 , Grothman was featured in the People Who Somehow Got Elected segment on HBOs program Last Week Tonight with John Oliver . The segment made reference to Grothmans controversial comments about women and race during his time as an elected official . On July 11 , 2020 , Grothman achieved social-media notoriety by coughing uncontrollably while speaking at the Wisconsin Republican Party convention . Personal life . Grothman lives in Glenbeulah , Wisconsin . External links . - Congressman Glenn Grothman official U.S . House website - Glenn Grothman for Congress
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Glenn S . Grothman ( born July 3 , 1955 ) is an American attorney and politician serving as member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Wisconsins 6th congressional district . He was first elected in November 2014 .",
"title": "Glenn Grothman"
},
{
"text": "Grothman served in the Wisconsin State Assembly , representing the 58th district from 1993 until 2005 and acting the vice chair of the Assemblys Republican caucus from 1999 to 2004 . He was also a member of the Wisconsin Senate from the 20th district from 2005 to 2015 , and Assistant Majority Leader of the Wisconsin Senate from 2011 to 2015 .",
"title": "Glenn Grothman"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Grothman graduated from Homestead High School in Mequon in 1973 . In 1978 , he graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a bachelor of business administration degree . He earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1983 , was admitted to the bar , and became an attorney with a firm in West Bend , Wisconsin .",
"title": "Glenn Grothman"
},
{
"text": " Grothman was elected to the Wisconsin 58th Assembly District in a special election held in December 1993 , and was re-elected five times , from November 1994 through November 2002 . From 1999 to 2004 , he was the Assembly Majority Caucus Vice Chairperson .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , Grothman ran for the state senate seat in the 20th district , challenging State Senate Majority Leader Mary Panzer in the Republican primary . The district included the city of West Bend , other parts of Washington County , and parts of Fond du Lac , Dodge , Sheboygan , and Ozaukee counties .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " Grothman ran well to Panzers right . He won the nomination in a rout , taking 79 percent of the vote to Panzers 21 percent . He was unopposed in the general election in the heavily Republican district . Grothman was re-elected in 2008 and 2012 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " From 2007 to 2008 , Grothman was the Senate Minority Caucus Chairperson . He became the assistant Republican leader in 2009 , serving as assistant minority leader from 2009 to 2010 , and as assistant majority leader from 2011 through January 2015 . Grothman was a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council ( ALEC ) . 2011 Wisconsin budget protests .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "Grothman was a vocal proponent of SB11 , a controversial bill proposed by Governor Scott Walker in early 2011 . He said he supported the so-called budget repair bill because it was fiscally responsible . In a press interview , he said that he did not find it impressive that over 70,000 protesters marched on the capitol .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "During the protests , Grothman was cornered by almost 200 pro-union protesters yelling Shame ! Shame ! outside the state capitol building . Grothman said he was not concerned about violence at the time , adding that , Theyre loud , theyll give you the finger , and they yell at you , but I really think deep down inside theyre just mostly college kids having fun , just like theyre having fun sleeping with their girlfriends on air mattresses . Thats the guts of that crowd . He also described the protesters as a different breed of person and",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "a bunch of slobs taking up the building .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "During this time , Grothman also advocated the hiring of more business-friendly individuals to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . In doing so , he went out of his way to single out one of the University of Wisconsin campuses as a target : Maybe you ( should ) look to hire those people who know what the real world is like , rather than a recent graduate from UW-Stevens Point who doesnt know what the real world is like . This was only days before appearing at UW–Stevens Point with the Joint Finance Committee for a day of",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "hearings on Walkers budget bill .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " Grothman was subject to a recall effort in the spring of 2011 , but the effort failed , collecting only 75% of the required signatures . U.S . House of Representatives .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "On April 3 , 2014 , Grothman announced he would run in that years Republican primary for against 17-term incumbent Tom Petri . He positioned himself well to Petris right ; in his campaign announcement he called Petri a decent , genial person who lacked the sense of urgency to put more curbs on a federal government that seems to be out of control . Grothman did not have to give up his state senate seat to run for Congress ; Wisconsin state senators serve staggered four-year terms , and he was not up for reelection until 2016 . Petri",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "announced shortly after Grothman entered the race that he wouldnt run for reelection .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " Grothmans longtime home in West Bend was located in the 5th District , represented by Republican Jim Sensenbrenner . However , his state senate district included much of the southeastern portion of the 6th congressional district . In the summer of 2014 , Grothman moved to Campellsport , a suburb of Fond du Lac , which is located in the 6th District . In the general election , Grothman defeated the Democratic nominee , Winnebago County Executive Mark Harris , getting 57 percent of the vote to Harris 41% . 2016 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In November 2016 , Grothman won re-election against a challenge from Democratic nominee Sarah Llyod getting 57% of votes to Lloyds 37% .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2018 . In November 2018 , Grothman won re-election against a challenge from Democratic nominee Dan Kohl , getting 55.5% of votes to Kohls 44.5% .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " - Committee on the Budget - Committee on Education and the Workforce - Subcommittee on Early Childhood , Elementary and Secondary Education - Subcommittee on Health , Employment , Labor , and Pensions - Committee on Oversight and Government Reform - Subcommittee on Government Operations - Subcommittee on Transportation and Public Assets - Joint Economic Committee",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " The Washington Post has described Grothman as a shambling , strident conservative with a Trumpian tell-it-like-it-is streak who typically votes with the House GOP leadership . According to Axios in October 2020 , Grothman had a Trump Loyalty Index – measuring both his congressional votes and public reaction to certain statements from President Donald Trump – of 93 , higher than any other member of Congress . 4-year-old kindergarten .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": "Grothman said the states kindergarten program for 4-year-olds should be defunded by Governor Scott Walker , saying that any academic benefits disappear by the fourth grade . Politifact rated this as False , and wrote that Some studies reached that conclusion . But Grothman is citing one small portion of a much broader debate and declaring the whole matter settled when there is considerable evidence on the other side .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": " An advocate of Second Amendment rights , Grothman is a long-time supporter of concealed carry legislation , but does not advocate allowing concealed weapons in taverns . He believes concealed carry laws will deter criminal behavior , with permits being given to law-abiding citizens who pass a gun safety course . Grothman co-introduced 2011 SB 93 , which was signed into law by Walker This bill made Wisconsin the 49th state to legalize concealed carry .",
"title": "Concealed carry"
},
{
"text": "Speaking in support of Walkers decision to repeal the Wisconsin Equal Pay Act , Grothman said that the alleged pay differential is explainable : Once you break it down by married and unmarried , the differential disappears . However , a study by the American Association of University Women in 2007 found that life choices and family circumstances explain only a portion of the difference in pay between genders . Grothman rejected that study , further claiming , You could argue that money is more important for men . I think a guy in their first job , maybe because",
"title": "Equal pay"
},
{
"text": "they expect to be a breadwinner someday , may be a little more money-conscious . To attribute everything to a so-called bias in the workplace is just not true .",
"title": "Equal pay"
},
{
"text": "Grothman opposed a provision in a 2010 sex education law that prohibited teachers from promoting bias based on sexual orientation , saying that he did not believe the topic should be discussed at all in the public schools . According to the Capitol Times , Grothmans opposition was based on the belief that instructors who lead these talks would have what he called an agenda to persuade students to become gay . He postulated that Part of that agenda which is left unsaid is that some of those who throw it out as an option would like it if more",
"title": "LGBT rights"
},
{
"text": "kids became homosexuals .",
"title": "LGBT rights"
},
{
"text": "Grothman said that he was concerned about what God might think of the United States after Secretary of State John Kerry announced plans in April 2014 to send scientists to Uganda in response to a new law against homosexuality ; Grothman described Kerrys plans a way to say how wonderful the homosexual lifestyle is . Grothman said Republicans , conservatives , and church leaders were not confronting the issue of homosexuality and were losing the issue . He said , We had such a great country in the relatively recent past . Now America , supposed to be the light",
"title": "LGBT rights"
},
{
"text": "of the world , instead were the light going in the opposite direction .",
"title": "LGBT rights"
},
{
"text": " Grothman said in a December 2012 press release that Kwanzaa is not a real holiday . He said , Of course , almost no black people today care about Kwanzaa—just white left-wingers who try to shove this down black peoples throats in an effort to divide Americans . Martin Luther King , Jr . Day .",
"title": "Kwanzaa"
},
{
"text": "Grothman has argued that Martin Luther King , Jr . Day should not be a state employee holiday , calling the holiday an insult to all the other taxpayers around the state . He has expressed doubts that state workers would be checking out DVDs or reading books about King and would probably just be out shopping or watching television instead .",
"title": "Kwanzaa"
},
{
"text": " Grothman was a co-sponsor of Senate Bill 19 ( 2011 ) , which removes the requirement of mandatory chlorination of groundwater in municipal water systems . The bill was supported by the League of Wisconsin Municipalities .",
"title": "Municipal water chlorination"
},
{
"text": " In February 2012 , Grothman introduced Senate Bill 507 , which would amend Wisconsin statutes to emphasize non-marital parenthood as a contributing factor to child abuse and neglect . Politifact investigated his claim that kids living with a parent and parents partner are 20 times more likely to be sexually abused , and rated it True .",
"title": "Marriage"
},
{
"text": "He also sponsored State Bill 202 , which would have repealed the Equal Pay Enforcement Act , saying that the Left and the social welfare establishment want children born out of wedlock because they are far more likely to be dependent on the government .",
"title": "Marriage"
},
{
"text": "Grothman opposed a bill that would increase funding for anti-smoking programs from $10 to $30 million . He said that anti-smoking campaigns do not work , and are no longer necessary , writing , Everybody knows youre not supposed to smoke ! He also voted against the ban on smoking in bars , restaurants and other small business that became effective in July 2010 . After the bill was passed , he introduced new legislation to allow lodging establishments , such as hotels , to designate certain rooms as smoking rooms ; the bill did not pass . He also",
"title": "Smoking"
},
{
"text": "co-sponsored a bill to exempt electronic cigarettes from the smoking ban .",
"title": "Smoking"
},
{
"text": " In June 2013 , Grothman proposed changing the welfare system in Wisconsin , to require that nondisabled single adults to either work twenty hours per week , or attend twenty hours of job training per week to continue receiving FoodShare benefits .",
"title": "Welfare reform"
},
{
"text": " Glenn Grothman declared on the House floor during a debate on the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 that Black Lives Matter black people do not care about the old-fashioned family . He also claimed that President Joe Biden′s inauguration speech was divisive .",
"title": "Controversy"
},
{
"text": " In October 2016 , Grothman was featured in the People Who Somehow Got Elected segment on HBOs program Last Week Tonight with John Oliver . The segment made reference to Grothmans controversial comments about women and race during his time as an elected official . On July 11 , 2020 , Grothman achieved social-media notoriety by coughing uncontrollably while speaking at the Wisconsin Republican Party convention .",
"title": "Public image"
},
{
"text": " - Congressman Glenn Grothman official U.S . House website - Glenn Grothman for Congress",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Glenn_Grothman#P69#2
|
Which school did Glenn Grothman go to between Sep 1962 and Mar 1968?
|
Glenn Grothman Glenn S . Grothman ( born July 3 , 1955 ) is an American attorney and politician serving as member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Wisconsins 6th congressional district . He was first elected in November 2014 . Grothman served in the Wisconsin State Assembly , representing the 58th district from 1993 until 2005 and acting the vice chair of the Assemblys Republican caucus from 1999 to 2004 . He was also a member of the Wisconsin Senate from the 20th district from 2005 to 2015 , and Assistant Majority Leader of the Wisconsin Senate from 2011 to 2015 . Early life and education . Grothman graduated from Homestead High School in Mequon in 1973 . In 1978 , he graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a bachelor of business administration degree . He earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1983 , was admitted to the bar , and became an attorney with a firm in West Bend , Wisconsin . Wisconsin legislature . Elections . Grothman was elected to the Wisconsin 58th Assembly District in a special election held in December 1993 , and was re-elected five times , from November 1994 through November 2002 . From 1999 to 2004 , he was the Assembly Majority Caucus Vice Chairperson . In 2004 , Grothman ran for the state senate seat in the 20th district , challenging State Senate Majority Leader Mary Panzer in the Republican primary . The district included the city of West Bend , other parts of Washington County , and parts of Fond du Lac , Dodge , Sheboygan , and Ozaukee counties . Grothman ran well to Panzers right . He won the nomination in a rout , taking 79 percent of the vote to Panzers 21 percent . He was unopposed in the general election in the heavily Republican district . Grothman was re-elected in 2008 and 2012 . Tenure . From 2007 to 2008 , Grothman was the Senate Minority Caucus Chairperson . He became the assistant Republican leader in 2009 , serving as assistant minority leader from 2009 to 2010 , and as assistant majority leader from 2011 through January 2015 . Grothman was a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council ( ALEC ) . 2011 Wisconsin budget protests . Grothman was a vocal proponent of SB11 , a controversial bill proposed by Governor Scott Walker in early 2011 . He said he supported the so-called budget repair bill because it was fiscally responsible . In a press interview , he said that he did not find it impressive that over 70,000 protesters marched on the capitol . During the protests , Grothman was cornered by almost 200 pro-union protesters yelling Shame ! Shame ! outside the state capitol building . Grothman said he was not concerned about violence at the time , adding that , Theyre loud , theyll give you the finger , and they yell at you , but I really think deep down inside theyre just mostly college kids having fun , just like theyre having fun sleeping with their girlfriends on air mattresses . Thats the guts of that crowd . He also described the protesters as a different breed of person and a bunch of slobs taking up the building . During this time , Grothman also advocated the hiring of more business-friendly individuals to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . In doing so , he went out of his way to single out one of the University of Wisconsin campuses as a target : Maybe you ( should ) look to hire those people who know what the real world is like , rather than a recent graduate from UW-Stevens Point who doesnt know what the real world is like . This was only days before appearing at UW–Stevens Point with the Joint Finance Committee for a day of hearings on Walkers budget bill . Grothman was subject to a recall effort in the spring of 2011 , but the effort failed , collecting only 75% of the required signatures . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 2014 . On April 3 , 2014 , Grothman announced he would run in that years Republican primary for against 17-term incumbent Tom Petri . He positioned himself well to Petris right ; in his campaign announcement he called Petri a decent , genial person who lacked the sense of urgency to put more curbs on a federal government that seems to be out of control . Grothman did not have to give up his state senate seat to run for Congress ; Wisconsin state senators serve staggered four-year terms , and he was not up for reelection until 2016 . Petri announced shortly after Grothman entered the race that he wouldnt run for reelection . Grothmans longtime home in West Bend was located in the 5th District , represented by Republican Jim Sensenbrenner . However , his state senate district included much of the southeastern portion of the 6th congressional district . In the summer of 2014 , Grothman moved to Campellsport , a suburb of Fond du Lac , which is located in the 6th District . In the general election , Grothman defeated the Democratic nominee , Winnebago County Executive Mark Harris , getting 57 percent of the vote to Harris 41% . 2016 . In November 2016 , Grothman won re-election against a challenge from Democratic nominee Sarah Llyod getting 57% of votes to Lloyds 37% . 2018 . In November 2018 , Grothman won re-election against a challenge from Democratic nominee Dan Kohl , getting 55.5% of votes to Kohls 44.5% . Committee assignments . - Committee on the Budget - Committee on Education and the Workforce - Subcommittee on Early Childhood , Elementary and Secondary Education - Subcommittee on Health , Employment , Labor , and Pensions - Committee on Oversight and Government Reform - Subcommittee on Government Operations - Subcommittee on Transportation and Public Assets - Joint Economic Committee Caucus Memberships . - Republican Study Committee - Second Amendment Caucus Political positions . The Washington Post has described Grothman as a shambling , strident conservative with a Trumpian tell-it-like-it-is streak who typically votes with the House GOP leadership . According to Axios in October 2020 , Grothman had a Trump Loyalty Index – measuring both his congressional votes and public reaction to certain statements from President Donald Trump – of 93 , higher than any other member of Congress . 4-year-old kindergarten . Grothman said the states kindergarten program for 4-year-olds should be defunded by Governor Scott Walker , saying that any academic benefits disappear by the fourth grade . Politifact rated this as False , and wrote that Some studies reached that conclusion . But Grothman is citing one small portion of a much broader debate and declaring the whole matter settled when there is considerable evidence on the other side . Concealed carry . An advocate of Second Amendment rights , Grothman is a long-time supporter of concealed carry legislation , but does not advocate allowing concealed weapons in taverns . He believes concealed carry laws will deter criminal behavior , with permits being given to law-abiding citizens who pass a gun safety course . Grothman co-introduced 2011 SB 93 , which was signed into law by Walker This bill made Wisconsin the 49th state to legalize concealed carry . Equal pay . Speaking in support of Walkers decision to repeal the Wisconsin Equal Pay Act , Grothman said that the alleged pay differential is explainable : Once you break it down by married and unmarried , the differential disappears . However , a study by the American Association of University Women in 2007 found that life choices and family circumstances explain only a portion of the difference in pay between genders . Grothman rejected that study , further claiming , You could argue that money is more important for men . I think a guy in their first job , maybe because they expect to be a breadwinner someday , may be a little more money-conscious . To attribute everything to a so-called bias in the workplace is just not true . LGBT rights . Grothman opposed a provision in a 2010 sex education law that prohibited teachers from promoting bias based on sexual orientation , saying that he did not believe the topic should be discussed at all in the public schools . According to the Capitol Times , Grothmans opposition was based on the belief that instructors who lead these talks would have what he called an agenda to persuade students to become gay . He postulated that Part of that agenda which is left unsaid is that some of those who throw it out as an option would like it if more kids became homosexuals . Grothman said that he was concerned about what God might think of the United States after Secretary of State John Kerry announced plans in April 2014 to send scientists to Uganda in response to a new law against homosexuality ; Grothman described Kerrys plans a way to say how wonderful the homosexual lifestyle is . Grothman said Republicans , conservatives , and church leaders were not confronting the issue of homosexuality and were losing the issue . He said , We had such a great country in the relatively recent past . Now America , supposed to be the light of the world , instead were the light going in the opposite direction . Kwanzaa . Grothman said in a December 2012 press release that Kwanzaa is not a real holiday . He said , Of course , almost no black people today care about Kwanzaa—just white left-wingers who try to shove this down black peoples throats in an effort to divide Americans . Martin Luther King , Jr . Day . Grothman has argued that Martin Luther King , Jr . Day should not be a state employee holiday , calling the holiday an insult to all the other taxpayers around the state . He has expressed doubts that state workers would be checking out DVDs or reading books about King and would probably just be out shopping or watching television instead . Municipal water chlorination . Grothman was a co-sponsor of Senate Bill 19 ( 2011 ) , which removes the requirement of mandatory chlorination of groundwater in municipal water systems . The bill was supported by the League of Wisconsin Municipalities . Raw milk . Grothman is a vocal supporter of decriminalizing raw milk sales . Marriage . In February 2012 , Grothman introduced Senate Bill 507 , which would amend Wisconsin statutes to emphasize non-marital parenthood as a contributing factor to child abuse and neglect . Politifact investigated his claim that kids living with a parent and parents partner are 20 times more likely to be sexually abused , and rated it True . He also sponsored State Bill 202 , which would have repealed the Equal Pay Enforcement Act , saying that the Left and the social welfare establishment want children born out of wedlock because they are far more likely to be dependent on the government . Smoking . Grothman opposed a bill that would increase funding for anti-smoking programs from $10 to $30 million . He said that anti-smoking campaigns do not work , and are no longer necessary , writing , Everybody knows youre not supposed to smoke ! He also voted against the ban on smoking in bars , restaurants and other small business that became effective in July 2010 . After the bill was passed , he introduced new legislation to allow lodging establishments , such as hotels , to designate certain rooms as smoking rooms ; the bill did not pass . He also co-sponsored a bill to exempt electronic cigarettes from the smoking ban . Welfare reform . In June 2013 , Grothman proposed changing the welfare system in Wisconsin , to require that nondisabled single adults to either work twenty hours per week , or attend twenty hours of job training per week to continue receiving FoodShare benefits . Controversy . Glenn Grothman declared on the House floor during a debate on the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 that Black Lives Matter black people do not care about the old-fashioned family . He also claimed that President Joe Biden′s inauguration speech was divisive . Public image . In October 2016 , Grothman was featured in the People Who Somehow Got Elected segment on HBOs program Last Week Tonight with John Oliver . The segment made reference to Grothmans controversial comments about women and race during his time as an elected official . On July 11 , 2020 , Grothman achieved social-media notoriety by coughing uncontrollably while speaking at the Wisconsin Republican Party convention . Personal life . Grothman lives in Glenbeulah , Wisconsin . External links . - Congressman Glenn Grothman official U.S . House website - Glenn Grothman for Congress
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Glenn S . Grothman ( born July 3 , 1955 ) is an American attorney and politician serving as member of the U.S . House of Representatives from Wisconsins 6th congressional district . He was first elected in November 2014 .",
"title": "Glenn Grothman"
},
{
"text": "Grothman served in the Wisconsin State Assembly , representing the 58th district from 1993 until 2005 and acting the vice chair of the Assemblys Republican caucus from 1999 to 2004 . He was also a member of the Wisconsin Senate from the 20th district from 2005 to 2015 , and Assistant Majority Leader of the Wisconsin Senate from 2011 to 2015 .",
"title": "Glenn Grothman"
},
{
"text": " Early life and education . Grothman graduated from Homestead High School in Mequon in 1973 . In 1978 , he graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a bachelor of business administration degree . He earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1983 , was admitted to the bar , and became an attorney with a firm in West Bend , Wisconsin .",
"title": "Glenn Grothman"
},
{
"text": " Grothman was elected to the Wisconsin 58th Assembly District in a special election held in December 1993 , and was re-elected five times , from November 1994 through November 2002 . From 1999 to 2004 , he was the Assembly Majority Caucus Vice Chairperson .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , Grothman ran for the state senate seat in the 20th district , challenging State Senate Majority Leader Mary Panzer in the Republican primary . The district included the city of West Bend , other parts of Washington County , and parts of Fond du Lac , Dodge , Sheboygan , and Ozaukee counties .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " Grothman ran well to Panzers right . He won the nomination in a rout , taking 79 percent of the vote to Panzers 21 percent . He was unopposed in the general election in the heavily Republican district . Grothman was re-elected in 2008 and 2012 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " From 2007 to 2008 , Grothman was the Senate Minority Caucus Chairperson . He became the assistant Republican leader in 2009 , serving as assistant minority leader from 2009 to 2010 , and as assistant majority leader from 2011 through January 2015 . Grothman was a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council ( ALEC ) . 2011 Wisconsin budget protests .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "Grothman was a vocal proponent of SB11 , a controversial bill proposed by Governor Scott Walker in early 2011 . He said he supported the so-called budget repair bill because it was fiscally responsible . In a press interview , he said that he did not find it impressive that over 70,000 protesters marched on the capitol .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "During the protests , Grothman was cornered by almost 200 pro-union protesters yelling Shame ! Shame ! outside the state capitol building . Grothman said he was not concerned about violence at the time , adding that , Theyre loud , theyll give you the finger , and they yell at you , but I really think deep down inside theyre just mostly college kids having fun , just like theyre having fun sleeping with their girlfriends on air mattresses . Thats the guts of that crowd . He also described the protesters as a different breed of person and",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "a bunch of slobs taking up the building .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "During this time , Grothman also advocated the hiring of more business-friendly individuals to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources . In doing so , he went out of his way to single out one of the University of Wisconsin campuses as a target : Maybe you ( should ) look to hire those people who know what the real world is like , rather than a recent graduate from UW-Stevens Point who doesnt know what the real world is like . This was only days before appearing at UW–Stevens Point with the Joint Finance Committee for a day of",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "hearings on Walkers budget bill .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": " Grothman was subject to a recall effort in the spring of 2011 , but the effort failed , collecting only 75% of the required signatures . U.S . House of Representatives .",
"title": "Tenure"
},
{
"text": "On April 3 , 2014 , Grothman announced he would run in that years Republican primary for against 17-term incumbent Tom Petri . He positioned himself well to Petris right ; in his campaign announcement he called Petri a decent , genial person who lacked the sense of urgency to put more curbs on a federal government that seems to be out of control . Grothman did not have to give up his state senate seat to run for Congress ; Wisconsin state senators serve staggered four-year terms , and he was not up for reelection until 2016 . Petri",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "announced shortly after Grothman entered the race that he wouldnt run for reelection .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " Grothmans longtime home in West Bend was located in the 5th District , represented by Republican Jim Sensenbrenner . However , his state senate district included much of the southeastern portion of the 6th congressional district . In the summer of 2014 , Grothman moved to Campellsport , a suburb of Fond du Lac , which is located in the 6th District . In the general election , Grothman defeated the Democratic nominee , Winnebago County Executive Mark Harris , getting 57 percent of the vote to Harris 41% . 2016 .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": "In November 2016 , Grothman won re-election against a challenge from Democratic nominee Sarah Llyod getting 57% of votes to Lloyds 37% .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " 2018 . In November 2018 , Grothman won re-election against a challenge from Democratic nominee Dan Kohl , getting 55.5% of votes to Kohls 44.5% .",
"title": "Elections"
},
{
"text": " - Committee on the Budget - Committee on Education and the Workforce - Subcommittee on Early Childhood , Elementary and Secondary Education - Subcommittee on Health , Employment , Labor , and Pensions - Committee on Oversight and Government Reform - Subcommittee on Government Operations - Subcommittee on Transportation and Public Assets - Joint Economic Committee",
"title": "Committee assignments"
},
{
"text": " The Washington Post has described Grothman as a shambling , strident conservative with a Trumpian tell-it-like-it-is streak who typically votes with the House GOP leadership . According to Axios in October 2020 , Grothman had a Trump Loyalty Index – measuring both his congressional votes and public reaction to certain statements from President Donald Trump – of 93 , higher than any other member of Congress . 4-year-old kindergarten .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": "Grothman said the states kindergarten program for 4-year-olds should be defunded by Governor Scott Walker , saying that any academic benefits disappear by the fourth grade . Politifact rated this as False , and wrote that Some studies reached that conclusion . But Grothman is citing one small portion of a much broader debate and declaring the whole matter settled when there is considerable evidence on the other side .",
"title": "Political positions"
},
{
"text": " An advocate of Second Amendment rights , Grothman is a long-time supporter of concealed carry legislation , but does not advocate allowing concealed weapons in taverns . He believes concealed carry laws will deter criminal behavior , with permits being given to law-abiding citizens who pass a gun safety course . Grothman co-introduced 2011 SB 93 , which was signed into law by Walker This bill made Wisconsin the 49th state to legalize concealed carry .",
"title": "Concealed carry"
},
{
"text": "Speaking in support of Walkers decision to repeal the Wisconsin Equal Pay Act , Grothman said that the alleged pay differential is explainable : Once you break it down by married and unmarried , the differential disappears . However , a study by the American Association of University Women in 2007 found that life choices and family circumstances explain only a portion of the difference in pay between genders . Grothman rejected that study , further claiming , You could argue that money is more important for men . I think a guy in their first job , maybe because",
"title": "Equal pay"
},
{
"text": "they expect to be a breadwinner someday , may be a little more money-conscious . To attribute everything to a so-called bias in the workplace is just not true .",
"title": "Equal pay"
},
{
"text": "Grothman opposed a provision in a 2010 sex education law that prohibited teachers from promoting bias based on sexual orientation , saying that he did not believe the topic should be discussed at all in the public schools . According to the Capitol Times , Grothmans opposition was based on the belief that instructors who lead these talks would have what he called an agenda to persuade students to become gay . He postulated that Part of that agenda which is left unsaid is that some of those who throw it out as an option would like it if more",
"title": "LGBT rights"
},
{
"text": "kids became homosexuals .",
"title": "LGBT rights"
},
{
"text": "Grothman said that he was concerned about what God might think of the United States after Secretary of State John Kerry announced plans in April 2014 to send scientists to Uganda in response to a new law against homosexuality ; Grothman described Kerrys plans a way to say how wonderful the homosexual lifestyle is . Grothman said Republicans , conservatives , and church leaders were not confronting the issue of homosexuality and were losing the issue . He said , We had such a great country in the relatively recent past . Now America , supposed to be the light",
"title": "LGBT rights"
},
{
"text": "of the world , instead were the light going in the opposite direction .",
"title": "LGBT rights"
},
{
"text": " Grothman said in a December 2012 press release that Kwanzaa is not a real holiday . He said , Of course , almost no black people today care about Kwanzaa—just white left-wingers who try to shove this down black peoples throats in an effort to divide Americans . Martin Luther King , Jr . Day .",
"title": "Kwanzaa"
},
{
"text": "Grothman has argued that Martin Luther King , Jr . Day should not be a state employee holiday , calling the holiday an insult to all the other taxpayers around the state . He has expressed doubts that state workers would be checking out DVDs or reading books about King and would probably just be out shopping or watching television instead .",
"title": "Kwanzaa"
},
{
"text": " Grothman was a co-sponsor of Senate Bill 19 ( 2011 ) , which removes the requirement of mandatory chlorination of groundwater in municipal water systems . The bill was supported by the League of Wisconsin Municipalities .",
"title": "Municipal water chlorination"
},
{
"text": " In February 2012 , Grothman introduced Senate Bill 507 , which would amend Wisconsin statutes to emphasize non-marital parenthood as a contributing factor to child abuse and neglect . Politifact investigated his claim that kids living with a parent and parents partner are 20 times more likely to be sexually abused , and rated it True .",
"title": "Marriage"
},
{
"text": "He also sponsored State Bill 202 , which would have repealed the Equal Pay Enforcement Act , saying that the Left and the social welfare establishment want children born out of wedlock because they are far more likely to be dependent on the government .",
"title": "Marriage"
},
{
"text": "Grothman opposed a bill that would increase funding for anti-smoking programs from $10 to $30 million . He said that anti-smoking campaigns do not work , and are no longer necessary , writing , Everybody knows youre not supposed to smoke ! He also voted against the ban on smoking in bars , restaurants and other small business that became effective in July 2010 . After the bill was passed , he introduced new legislation to allow lodging establishments , such as hotels , to designate certain rooms as smoking rooms ; the bill did not pass . He also",
"title": "Smoking"
},
{
"text": "co-sponsored a bill to exempt electronic cigarettes from the smoking ban .",
"title": "Smoking"
},
{
"text": " In June 2013 , Grothman proposed changing the welfare system in Wisconsin , to require that nondisabled single adults to either work twenty hours per week , or attend twenty hours of job training per week to continue receiving FoodShare benefits .",
"title": "Welfare reform"
},
{
"text": " Glenn Grothman declared on the House floor during a debate on the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 that Black Lives Matter black people do not care about the old-fashioned family . He also claimed that President Joe Biden′s inauguration speech was divisive .",
"title": "Controversy"
},
{
"text": " In October 2016 , Grothman was featured in the People Who Somehow Got Elected segment on HBOs program Last Week Tonight with John Oliver . The segment made reference to Grothmans controversial comments about women and race during his time as an elected official . On July 11 , 2020 , Grothman achieved social-media notoriety by coughing uncontrollably while speaking at the Wisconsin Republican Party convention .",
"title": "Public image"
},
{
"text": " - Congressman Glenn Grothman official U.S . House website - Glenn Grothman for Congress",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Alan_Clark#P39#0
|
Which position did Alan Clark hold between Mar 1974 and Jul 1974?
|
Alan Clark Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War ! Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page . Early life . Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst . In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic . Military history . Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred . Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War . The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007 , his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work . Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating . Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship . In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme . The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so . They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad . Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics . Political career . Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist . He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches . He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 . During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s . Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box . In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence . Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government . Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans . Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo . Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him : Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne . Diaries . Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism . Personal life . In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 . While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T . Death . Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs . Media . In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party . In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .
|
[
"MP for Plymouth Sutton"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War !",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page .",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ", his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ". He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him :",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": "earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism .",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party .",
"title": "Media"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .",
"title": "Media"
}
] |
/wiki/Alan_Clark#P39#1
|
Which position did Alan Clark hold in Jan 1977?
|
Alan Clark Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War ! Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page . Early life . Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst . In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic . Military history . Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred . Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War . The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007 , his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work . Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating . Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship . In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme . The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so . They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad . Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics . Political career . Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist . He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches . He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 . During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s . Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box . In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence . Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government . Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans . Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo . Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him : Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne . Diaries . Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism . Personal life . In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 . While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T . Death . Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs . Media . In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party . In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .
|
[
"MP for Plymouth Sutton"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War !",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page .",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ", his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ". He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him :",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": "earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism .",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party .",
"title": "Media"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .",
"title": "Media"
}
] |
/wiki/Alan_Clark#P39#2
|
Which position did Alan Clark hold in early 1980s?
|
Alan Clark Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War ! Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page . Early life . Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst . In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic . Military history . Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred . Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War . The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007 , his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work . Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating . Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship . In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme . The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so . They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad . Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics . Political career . Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist . He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches . He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 . During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s . Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box . In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence . Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government . Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans . Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo . Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him : Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne . Diaries . Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism . Personal life . In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 . While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T . Death . Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs . Media . In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party . In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .
|
[
"MP for Plymouth Sutton"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War !",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page .",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ", his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ". He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him :",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": "earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism .",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party .",
"title": "Media"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .",
"title": "Media"
}
] |
/wiki/Alan_Clark#P39#3
|
Which position did Alan Clark hold between Nov 1985 and Dec 1985?
|
Alan Clark Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War ! Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page . Early life . Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst . In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic . Military history . Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred . Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War . The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007 , his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work . Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating . Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship . In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme . The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so . They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad . Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics . Political career . Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist . He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches . He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 . During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s . Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box . In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence . Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government . Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans . Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo . Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him : Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne . Diaries . Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism . Personal life . In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 . While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T . Death . Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs . Media . In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party . In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .
|
[
"Member of Parliament"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War !",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page .",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ", his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ". He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him :",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": "earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism .",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party .",
"title": "Media"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .",
"title": "Media"
}
] |
/wiki/Alan_Clark#P39#4
|
Which position did Alan Clark hold between Jul 1986 and Feb 1987?
|
Alan Clark Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War ! Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page . Early life . Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst . In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic . Military history . Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred . Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War . The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007 , his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work . Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating . Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship . In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme . The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so . They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad . Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics . Political career . Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist . He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches . He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 . During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s . Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box . In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence . Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government . Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans . Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo . Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him : Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne . Diaries . Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism . Personal life . In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 . While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T . Death . Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs . Media . In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party . In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .
|
[
"Minister for Trade"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War !",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page .",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ", his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ". He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him :",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": "earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism .",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party .",
"title": "Media"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .",
"title": "Media"
}
] |
/wiki/Alan_Clark#P39#5
|
Which position did Alan Clark hold between Jul 1987 and Apr 1988?
|
Alan Clark Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War ! Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page . Early life . Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst . In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic . Military history . Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred . Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War . The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007 , his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work . Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating . Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship . In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme . The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so . They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad . Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics . Political career . Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist . He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches . He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 . During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s . Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box . In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence . Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government . Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans . Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo . Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him : Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne . Diaries . Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism . Personal life . In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 . While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T . Death . Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs . Media . In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party . In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .
|
[
"Minister for Trade"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War !",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page .",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ", his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ". He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him :",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": "earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism .",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party .",
"title": "Media"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .",
"title": "Media"
}
] |
/wiki/Alan_Clark#P39#6
|
Which position did Alan Clark hold in Aug 1989?
|
Alan Clark Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War ! Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page . Early life . Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst . In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic . Military history . Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred . Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War . The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007 , his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work . Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating . Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship . In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme . The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so . They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad . Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics . Political career . Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist . He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches . He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 . During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s . Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box . In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence . Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government . Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans . Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo . Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him : Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne . Diaries . Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism . Personal life . In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 . While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T . Death . Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs . Media . In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party . In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .
|
[
"Minister for Defence Procurement"
] |
[
{
"text": " Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark ( 13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999 ) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) , author and diarist . He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatchers governments at the Departments of Employment , Trade and Defence . He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991 . He was the author of several books of military history , including his controversial work The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , which inspired the musical satire Oh , What a Lovely War !",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Clark became known for his flamboyance , wit , irreverence and keen support of animal rights . Norman Lamont called him the most politically incorrect , outspoken , iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times . Clark is particularly remembered for his three-volume Alan Clark Diaries , which contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a moving description of the weeks preceding his death , when he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page .",
"title": "Alan Clark"
},
{
"text": "Alan Clark was born at 55 Lancaster Gate , London , the elder son of art historian Kenneth Clark ( later Lord Clark ) , who was of Scottish parentage , and his wife Elizabeth Winifred Clark ( née Martin ) , who was Irish . His sister and brother , fraternal twins Colette ( known as Celly ) and Colin , were born in 1932 . At the age of six he began as a day boy at Egerton House , a preparatory school in Marylebone , and from there at the age of nine went on as a",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "boarder to St Cyprians School , Eastbourne . Clark was one of the seventy boys rescued when the school building was destroyed by fire in May 1939 . He was relocated with the school to Midhurst .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In September 1940 , with the Luftwaffe threatening south-east England , the Clarks moved their son to a safer location at Cheltenham College Junior School . From there he went to Eton in January 1942 . In February 1946 while at Eton he joined the Territorial training regiment of the Household Cavalry based at Windsor , but was discharged in August when he had left Eton . He then went to Christ Church , Oxford , where he read Modern History under Hugh Trevor-Roper , obtaining a third-class honours degree . After Oxford he wrote articles for the motoring press",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "before he went on to read for the bar . He was called to the bar in 1955 but did not practise law . Instead , he began privately studying military history with a view to professional writing on the topic .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Clarks first book , The Donkeys ( 1961 ) , was a revisionist history of the British Expeditionary Forces ( BEF ) campaigns at the beginning of the First World War . The book covers Western Front operations during 1915 , including the offensives at Neuve Chapelle , Aubers Ridge and Loos , and ending with the enforced resignation of Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF , and his replacement by Douglas Haig . Clark describes the battle scenes , and criticises the actions of several of the generals involved in the heavy loss of life that occurred",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". Much of the book is based on the political manoeuvres behind the scenes as commanders jostled for influence , and Sir John Frenchs difficulties dealing with his French allies and with Herbert Kitchener . Haigs own diaries are used to demonstrate how Haig positioned himself to take over command . The publication sold well , and is still in print 50 years after its first print run , being regarded as an important work on the British experience of the World War .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The books title was drawn from the expression Lions led by donkeys which has been widely used to compare British soldiers with their commanders . In 1921 Princess Evelyn Blücher published her memoirs , which attributed the phrase to OHL ( the German GHQ ) in 1918 . Clark was unable to find the origin of the expression . He prefaced the book with a supposed dialogue between two generals and attributed the dialogue to the memoirs of German general Erich von Falkenhayn . Clark was equivocal about the source for the dialogue for many years , but in 2007",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ", his friend Euan Graham recalled a conversation in the mid-1960s when Clark , on being challenged as to the dialogues provenance , looked sheepish and said , Well I invented it . This supposed invention emboldened critics of The Donkeys to condemn the work .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clarks choice of subject was strongly influenced by Lord Lee of Fareham , a family friend who had never forgotten what he saw as the shambles of the BEF . In developing his work , Clark became close friends with historian Basil Liddell Hart , who acted as his mentor . Liddell Hart read the drafts and was concerned by Clarks intermittent carelessness . He produced several lists of corrections , which were incorporated , and wrote It is a fine piece of writing , and often brilliantly penetrating .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "Even before publication , Clarks work came under attack from supporters of Haig , including the Field Marshals son and historians John Terraine , Robert Blake and Hugh Trevor-Roper , former tutor to Clark , who was married to Haigs daughter . On publication , The Donkeys received very supportive comments from Lord Beaverbrook , who recommended the work to Winston Churchill , and The Times printed a positive review . However , John Terraine and A . J . P . Taylor wrote damning reviews and historian Michael Howard wrote As history , it is worthless , criticising its",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "slovenly scholarship . Howard nonetheless commended its readability and noted that descriptions of battles and battlefields are sometimes masterly . Field Marshal Montgomery later told Clark it was A Dreadful Tale : You have done a good job in exposing the total failure of the generalship .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " In more recent years , the work has been criticised by some historians for being one-sided in its treatment of World War One generals . Brian Bond , in editing a 1991 collection of essays on First World War history , expressed the collective desire of the authors to move beyond popular stereotypes of The Donkeys while also acknowledging that serious leadership mistakes were made and that the authors would do little to rehabilitate the reputations of , for instance , the senior commanders on The Somme .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "The historian Peter Simkins complained that it was frustratingly difficult to counter Clarks prevailing view . Professor Richard Holmes made a similar complaint , writing that Alan Clarks The Donkeys , for all its verve and amusing narrative , added a streak of pure deception to the writings of the First World War . Its title is based on Lions led by Donkeys . Sadly for historical accuracy , there is no evidence whatever for this ; none . Not a jot or scintilla . The real problem is that such histories have sold well and continue to do so",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": ". They reinforce historical myth by delivering to the reader exactly what they expect to read . Clarks work was described as contemptible by Henry Paget , the Marquess of Anglesey who regarded Clark as the most arrogant and least respectable writer on the War , but the impartiality of this view may have been overshadowed by the fact that Angleseys own history of the British Cavalry had been reviewed by Clark with the comments cavalry are nearly always a disaster , a waste of space and resources . Graham Stewart , Clarks researcher for a later political history that",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": "he would write entitled The Tories , noted : Alan wasnt beyond quoting people selectively to make them look bad .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Clark went on to publish several more works of military history through the 1960s , including Barbarossa in 1965 examining the Operation Barbarossa offensive of the Second World War ; he also tried his hand at novel writing , but none of the subsequent books were as commercially successful or drew the same attention as The Donkeys had achieved , and he abandoned the path of military history in the mid-1970s to pursue a professional career in national politics .",
"title": "Military history"
},
{
"text": " Completely opposed to the Common Market , Clark joined the Conservative Monday Club in 1968 and was soon Chairman of its Wiltshire branch . In 1971 he was blacklisted by Conservative Party Central Office for being too right-wing , but after representations by him , and others , he was removed from the blacklist .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "He unsuccessfully sought the conservative selection for Weston super-Mare in 1970 , missing out to Jerry Wiggin . He subsequently became MP for Plymouth Sutton at the February 1974 general election with a majority of 8,104 , when Harold Wilson took over from Edward Heath as prime minister of a minority Labour government . At the General Election in October 1974 , when Labour gained a small overall majority , Clarks vote fell by 1,192 votes , but he still had a comfortable majority with 5,188 . His first five years in parliament were spent on the Conservative opposition benches",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": ". He was still a member of the Monday Club in May 1975 . It is unclear when he let his membership of the club lapse , but possibly it was upon becoming a government minister . He continued to address Club events until 1992 .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "During the subsequent Party leadership contest he was urged by Airey Neave to vote for Margaret Thatcher , but he is thought to have favoured Willie Whitelaw . The following year came the free vote on the Common Market and Clark , praising Enoch Powells speech , voted against . The next day he told the socialist MP Dennis Skinner that Id rather live in a socialist Britain than one ruled by a lot of foreigners . Although he was personally liked by Margaret Thatcher , for whom he had great admiration , and the columnist George Hutchinson , writing",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "in The Times tipped him for inclusion in the Shadow Cabinet , he was never promoted to the cabinet , remaining in mid-ranking ministerial positions during the 1980s .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark received his first ministerial posting as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Employment in 1983 , where he was responsible for moving the approval of regulations relating to equal pay in the House of Commons . His speech in 1983 followed a wine-tasting dinner with his friend of many years standing , Christopher Selmes . Irritated by what he regarded as a bureaucratically written civil-service speech , he galloped through the script , skipping over pages of text . The then-opposition MP Clare Short stood up on a point of order and , after acknowledging that",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "MPs cannot formally accuse each other of being drunk in the House of Commons , accused him of being incapable , a euphemism for drunk . Although the Government benches were furious at the accusation , Clark later admitted in his diaries that the wine-tasting had affected him . To date , he is the only Member of Parliament to have been accused in the House of Commons of being drunk at the despatch box .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " In 1986 , Clark was promoted to Minister for Trade at the Department of Trade and Industry . It was during this time that he became involved with the issue of export licences to Iraq , the Matrix-Churchill affair . In 1989 , he became Minister for Defence Procurement at the Ministry of Defence .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark left Parliament in 1992 following Margaret Thatchers fall from power . His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions about what he knew with regard to arms export licences to Iraq , caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry , which helped undermine John Majors government .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark became bored with life outside politics and returned to Parliament as member for Kensington and Chelsea in the election of 1997 , becoming critical of NATOs campaign in the Balkans .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark held strong views on British unionism , racial difference , social class , and was in support of animal rights , nationalist protectionism and Euroscepticism . He referred to Enoch Powell as The Prophet . Clark once declared : It is natural to be proud of your race and your country , and in a departmental meeting , allegedly referred to Africa as Bongo Bongo Land . When called to account , however , Clark denied the comment had any racist overtones , claiming it had simply been a reference to the President of Gabon , Omar Bongo .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Clark argued that the media and the government failed to pick out the racism towards white people and ignored any racist attacks on white people . He also , however , described the National Front chairman , John Tyndall , as a bit of a blockhead and disavowed his ideas . When Clark was Minister for Trade , responsible for overseeing arms sales to foreign governments , he was interviewed by journalist John Pilger who asked him :",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark was a passionate supporter of animal rights , joining activists in demonstrations at Dover against live export , and outside the House of Commons in support of Animal Liberation Front hunger-striker Barry Horne .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Clark published the first volume of his political and personal diaries in 1993 , which caused a minor embarrassment at the time with their descriptions of senior Conservative politicians such as Michael Heseltine , Douglas Hurd , and Kenneth Clarke . He quoted Michael Jopling—referring to Heseltine , deputy PM at the time—as saying The trouble with Michael is that he had to buy all his furniture and judged it Snobby , but cutting . His account of Thatchers downfall in 1990 has been described as the most vivid in existence . Two subsequent volumes of his diaries cover the",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": "earlier and later parts of Clarks parliamentary career . The diaries reveal recurring worries about Japanese militarism but his real views are often not clear because he enjoyed making tongue in cheek remarks to the discomfiture of those he believed to be fools , as in his sympathy for a British version of National Socialism .",
"title": "Diaries"
},
{
"text": " In 1958 , Clark , aged 30 , married 16-year-old ( Caroline ) Jane , daughter of Colonel Leslie Brindley Bream Beuttler , Duke of Wellingtons Regiment , O.B.E. , and a descendant on her mothers side of the Scottish ornithologist William Robert Ogilvie-Grant , grandson of the 6th Earl of Seafield . They were married for 41 years and had two sons . His son James ( who lived in Eriboll , a Scottish estate ) died of a brain tumour on 15 August 2019 , aged 59 .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": "While involved in the Matrix Churchill trial he was cited in a divorce case in South Africa , in which it was revealed he had had affairs with Valerie Harkess , the wife of a South African barrister ( and part-time junior judge ) , and her daughters , Josephine and Alison . After sensationalist tabloid headlines , Clarks wife Jane remarked upon what Clark had called the coven with the line : Well , what do you expect when you sleep with below-stairs types ? She referred to her husband as an S , H , one , T",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " Clark died in 1999 after suffering a brain tumor . His body was buried in the grounds of Saltwood Castle . Upon his death , his family said Clark wanted it to be stated that he had gone to join Tom and the other dogs .",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"text": " In 1993 he gave a half-hour Opinions lecture , televised by Channel 4 , of which he said in his diary : It was good . Clear , assured , moving . I looked compos and in my prime . Many people saw it . All were enthusiastic . Today acres of coverage in The Times . In 1997 Clark presented a four-part series for the BBC entitled Alan Clarks History of the Tory Party .",
"title": "Media"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , John Hurt portrayed Clark ( and Jenny Agutter his wife Jane ) in the BBCs The Alan Clark Diaries , reigniting some of the controversies surrounding their original publication and once again brought his name into the British press and media . An authorised biography of Alan Clark by Ion Trewin , the editor of his diaries , was published in September 2009 .",
"title": "Media"
}
] |
/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Becker#P108#0
|
Jean-Jacques Becker was an employee for whom in early 1970s?
|
Jean-Jacques Becker Jean-Jacques Becker is a French historian , born 14 May 1928 in Paris . He is a specialist of contemporary history . He is the brother of historian Annie Kriegel and the father of World War I specialist Annette Becker . Biography . Jean-Jacques Becker was born into a family descended from the Jewish community of Alsace-Lorraine , located in Paris . In July 1942 , he entered the South zone with his parents who settled in Grenoble ( Isère ) . He continued his studies at the Lycée Champollion . Following the popularity of his family to communism , he became a member of the Communist Party from 1947 to 1960 . Because of his membership in the Communist Party , he did not participate in the war in Algeria . Having left the Communist Party , he continued to engage in trade unions as a member of the National Union of Secondary Education ( SNES ) , of which he was secretary of the section of the school of Auxerre , then that of Arago school . He was actively involved in the strikes of May–June 1968 . After teaching in secondary education ( Peronne , Auxerre , Arago - Paris- ) until 1968 , he was a lecturer at the University of Paris-X Nanterre until 1977 , a university professor in Clermont-Ferrand 1977 to 1985 ( and Dean of the Faculty of Arts from 1982 to 1985 ) and Paris-X Nanterre from 1985 to 1994 ( and vice-president of the University from 1986 to 1989 ) . He chaired the jury of the aggregation of History in 1990 , 1991 and 1992 . He argued in 1976 his doctoral thesis on French public opinion and the beginning of the War of 1914 prepared under the direction of Pierre Renouvin . He dedicated his work to two major historical areas , World War I and the political history of France in the 20th century , particularly the labor movement and communism . He is also Honorary President of the International Research Center of the Museum of the Great War in Peronne , and winner of JF Mege Academy of Science , Literature and Arts Clermont-Ferrand . He succeeded Léo Hamon as vice-president of the Society for the Study jaurésiennes . Publications . On War . - Dictionary of the Great War , Brussels , André Versaille editor , 2008 - Year 14 , Paris , Armand Colin , 2005 - Encyclopedia of the Great War , co-directed with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau , Paris , Bayard , 2004 - The First World War , Belin , Paris , [ 1996 ] 2003 , ( ) - The Great War , Paris , PUF , 2004 - The Treaty of Versailles , Paris , PUF , 2002 - Clemenceau Thirty Questions , Paris , Editions Gesture , 2001 - Clemenceau , the Intractable , Paris , Liana Levi , 1998 - The Great War in Europe , Paris , Belin sup . Histoire . 1996 , reissued as The War moindiale , 2003 - France , the Nation , the War ( 1850-1920 ) , Paris Sedes , 1995 ( in collaboration with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - Cultures and Wars , 1914-1918 , Paris , Armand Colin , 1994 ( with Jay M . Winter , Gerd Krumeich , Annette Becker and Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - European Societies and the War of 1914-1918 , Paris X-Nanterre , 1990 ( co-directed with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - France in War . The Transformation , Brussels , Complexe , 1988 - The French in the Great War , Paris , Robert Laffont , 1980 - 1914 , How the French Entered the War , Press the National Foundation for Political Science , Paris , 1977 - The B Book , Governments and Anti-militarism Before the War of 1914 , Paris , Klincksieck , 1973 - 1914 , the War and the French Labor Movement , with Annie Kriegel , Armand Colin , Paris , 1964 On other topics . - History of the Left in France , co-edited with Gilles Candar , La Découverte , Paris , 2004 - France from 1914 to 1940 , Paris , PUF , 2005 - Political History of France Since 1945 , 10th edition , Armand Colin , Paris , 2003 - New History of Contemporary France , Volume 19 , Alternations and Crises , 1974-1995 ( in collaboration with Pascal Ory ) . Paris , Seuil , Points 1998 , edition 1974-2000 , 2002 - New History of Contemporary France , Volume 12 , Wins and Frustrations , 1914-1929 , with Serge Berstein , Paris , Seuil , Points , 1990 - History of Anticommunism in France with Serge Berstein , Volume 1 ( 1917-1940 ) Orban , Paris , 1987 - The Communist Party does he Take Power ? ( The Strategy of the Communist Party from 1930 to Today ) . Editions du Seuil , Paris , 1981
|
[
"University of Paris-X Nanterre"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jean-Jacques Becker is a French historian , born 14 May 1928 in Paris . He is a specialist of contemporary history . He is the brother of historian Annie Kriegel and the father of World War I specialist Annette Becker .",
"title": "Jean-Jacques Becker"
},
{
"text": "Jean-Jacques Becker was born into a family descended from the Jewish community of Alsace-Lorraine , located in Paris . In July 1942 , he entered the South zone with his parents who settled in Grenoble ( Isère ) . He continued his studies at the Lycée Champollion . Following the popularity of his family to communism , he became a member of the Communist Party from 1947 to 1960 . Because of his membership in the Communist Party , he did not participate in the war in Algeria . Having left the Communist Party , he continued to engage in",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "trade unions as a member of the National Union of Secondary Education ( SNES ) , of which he was secretary of the section of the school of Auxerre , then that of Arago school . He was actively involved in the strikes of May–June 1968 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "After teaching in secondary education ( Peronne , Auxerre , Arago - Paris- ) until 1968 , he was a lecturer at the University of Paris-X Nanterre until 1977 , a university professor in Clermont-Ferrand 1977 to 1985 ( and Dean of the Faculty of Arts from 1982 to 1985 ) and Paris-X Nanterre from 1985 to 1994 ( and vice-president of the University from 1986 to 1989 ) . He chaired the jury of the aggregation of History in 1990 , 1991 and 1992 . He argued in 1976 his doctoral thesis on French public opinion and the beginning",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "of the War of 1914 prepared under the direction of Pierre Renouvin . He dedicated his work to two major historical areas , World War I and the political history of France in the 20th century , particularly the labor movement and communism . He is also Honorary President of the International Research Center of the Museum of the Great War in Peronne , and winner of JF Mege Academy of Science , Literature and Arts Clermont-Ferrand . He succeeded Léo Hamon as vice-president of the Society for the Study jaurésiennes .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " - Dictionary of the Great War , Brussels , André Versaille editor , 2008 - Year 14 , Paris , Armand Colin , 2005 - Encyclopedia of the Great War , co-directed with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau , Paris , Bayard , 2004 - The First World War , Belin , Paris , [ 1996 ] 2003 , ( ) - The Great War , Paris , PUF , 2004 - The Treaty of Versailles , Paris , PUF , 2002 - Clemenceau Thirty Questions , Paris , Editions Gesture , 2001",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": "- Clemenceau , the Intractable , Paris , Liana Levi , 1998",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": " - The Great War in Europe , Paris , Belin sup . Histoire . 1996 , reissued as The War moindiale , 2003 - France , the Nation , the War ( 1850-1920 ) , Paris Sedes , 1995 ( in collaboration with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - Cultures and Wars , 1914-1918 , Paris , Armand Colin , 1994 ( with Jay M . Winter , Gerd Krumeich , Annette Becker and Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - European Societies and the War of 1914-1918 , Paris X-Nanterre , 1990 ( co-directed with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau )",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": "- France in War . The Transformation , Brussels , Complexe , 1988",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": " - The French in the Great War , Paris , Robert Laffont , 1980 - 1914 , How the French Entered the War , Press the National Foundation for Political Science , Paris , 1977 - The B Book , Governments and Anti-militarism Before the War of 1914 , Paris , Klincksieck , 1973 - 1914 , the War and the French Labor Movement , with Annie Kriegel , Armand Colin , Paris , 1964",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": " - History of the Left in France , co-edited with Gilles Candar , La Découverte , Paris , 2004 - France from 1914 to 1940 , Paris , PUF , 2005 - Political History of France Since 1945 , 10th edition , Armand Colin , Paris , 2003 - New History of Contemporary France , Volume 19 , Alternations and Crises , 1974-1995 ( in collaboration with Pascal Ory ) . Paris , Seuil , Points 1998 , edition 1974-2000 , 2002",
"title": "On other topics"
},
{
"text": "- New History of Contemporary France , Volume 12 , Wins and Frustrations , 1914-1929 , with Serge Berstein , Paris , Seuil , Points , 1990",
"title": "On other topics"
},
{
"text": " - History of Anticommunism in France with Serge Berstein , Volume 1 ( 1917-1940 ) Orban , Paris , 1987 - The Communist Party does he Take Power ? ( The Strategy of the Communist Party from 1930 to Today ) . Editions du Seuil , Paris , 1981",
"title": "On other topics"
}
] |
/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Becker#P108#1
|
Jean-Jacques Becker was an employee for whom in early 1980s?
|
Jean-Jacques Becker Jean-Jacques Becker is a French historian , born 14 May 1928 in Paris . He is a specialist of contemporary history . He is the brother of historian Annie Kriegel and the father of World War I specialist Annette Becker . Biography . Jean-Jacques Becker was born into a family descended from the Jewish community of Alsace-Lorraine , located in Paris . In July 1942 , he entered the South zone with his parents who settled in Grenoble ( Isère ) . He continued his studies at the Lycée Champollion . Following the popularity of his family to communism , he became a member of the Communist Party from 1947 to 1960 . Because of his membership in the Communist Party , he did not participate in the war in Algeria . Having left the Communist Party , he continued to engage in trade unions as a member of the National Union of Secondary Education ( SNES ) , of which he was secretary of the section of the school of Auxerre , then that of Arago school . He was actively involved in the strikes of May–June 1968 . After teaching in secondary education ( Peronne , Auxerre , Arago - Paris- ) until 1968 , he was a lecturer at the University of Paris-X Nanterre until 1977 , a university professor in Clermont-Ferrand 1977 to 1985 ( and Dean of the Faculty of Arts from 1982 to 1985 ) and Paris-X Nanterre from 1985 to 1994 ( and vice-president of the University from 1986 to 1989 ) . He chaired the jury of the aggregation of History in 1990 , 1991 and 1992 . He argued in 1976 his doctoral thesis on French public opinion and the beginning of the War of 1914 prepared under the direction of Pierre Renouvin . He dedicated his work to two major historical areas , World War I and the political history of France in the 20th century , particularly the labor movement and communism . He is also Honorary President of the International Research Center of the Museum of the Great War in Peronne , and winner of JF Mege Academy of Science , Literature and Arts Clermont-Ferrand . He succeeded Léo Hamon as vice-president of the Society for the Study jaurésiennes . Publications . On War . - Dictionary of the Great War , Brussels , André Versaille editor , 2008 - Year 14 , Paris , Armand Colin , 2005 - Encyclopedia of the Great War , co-directed with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau , Paris , Bayard , 2004 - The First World War , Belin , Paris , [ 1996 ] 2003 , ( ) - The Great War , Paris , PUF , 2004 - The Treaty of Versailles , Paris , PUF , 2002 - Clemenceau Thirty Questions , Paris , Editions Gesture , 2001 - Clemenceau , the Intractable , Paris , Liana Levi , 1998 - The Great War in Europe , Paris , Belin sup . Histoire . 1996 , reissued as The War moindiale , 2003 - France , the Nation , the War ( 1850-1920 ) , Paris Sedes , 1995 ( in collaboration with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - Cultures and Wars , 1914-1918 , Paris , Armand Colin , 1994 ( with Jay M . Winter , Gerd Krumeich , Annette Becker and Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - European Societies and the War of 1914-1918 , Paris X-Nanterre , 1990 ( co-directed with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - France in War . The Transformation , Brussels , Complexe , 1988 - The French in the Great War , Paris , Robert Laffont , 1980 - 1914 , How the French Entered the War , Press the National Foundation for Political Science , Paris , 1977 - The B Book , Governments and Anti-militarism Before the War of 1914 , Paris , Klincksieck , 1973 - 1914 , the War and the French Labor Movement , with Annie Kriegel , Armand Colin , Paris , 1964 On other topics . - History of the Left in France , co-edited with Gilles Candar , La Découverte , Paris , 2004 - France from 1914 to 1940 , Paris , PUF , 2005 - Political History of France Since 1945 , 10th edition , Armand Colin , Paris , 2003 - New History of Contemporary France , Volume 19 , Alternations and Crises , 1974-1995 ( in collaboration with Pascal Ory ) . Paris , Seuil , Points 1998 , edition 1974-2000 , 2002 - New History of Contemporary France , Volume 12 , Wins and Frustrations , 1914-1929 , with Serge Berstein , Paris , Seuil , Points , 1990 - History of Anticommunism in France with Serge Berstein , Volume 1 ( 1917-1940 ) Orban , Paris , 1987 - The Communist Party does he Take Power ? ( The Strategy of the Communist Party from 1930 to Today ) . Editions du Seuil , Paris , 1981
|
[
"Clermont-Ferrand"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jean-Jacques Becker is a French historian , born 14 May 1928 in Paris . He is a specialist of contemporary history . He is the brother of historian Annie Kriegel and the father of World War I specialist Annette Becker .",
"title": "Jean-Jacques Becker"
},
{
"text": "Jean-Jacques Becker was born into a family descended from the Jewish community of Alsace-Lorraine , located in Paris . In July 1942 , he entered the South zone with his parents who settled in Grenoble ( Isère ) . He continued his studies at the Lycée Champollion . Following the popularity of his family to communism , he became a member of the Communist Party from 1947 to 1960 . Because of his membership in the Communist Party , he did not participate in the war in Algeria . Having left the Communist Party , he continued to engage in",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "trade unions as a member of the National Union of Secondary Education ( SNES ) , of which he was secretary of the section of the school of Auxerre , then that of Arago school . He was actively involved in the strikes of May–June 1968 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "After teaching in secondary education ( Peronne , Auxerre , Arago - Paris- ) until 1968 , he was a lecturer at the University of Paris-X Nanterre until 1977 , a university professor in Clermont-Ferrand 1977 to 1985 ( and Dean of the Faculty of Arts from 1982 to 1985 ) and Paris-X Nanterre from 1985 to 1994 ( and vice-president of the University from 1986 to 1989 ) . He chaired the jury of the aggregation of History in 1990 , 1991 and 1992 . He argued in 1976 his doctoral thesis on French public opinion and the beginning",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "of the War of 1914 prepared under the direction of Pierre Renouvin . He dedicated his work to two major historical areas , World War I and the political history of France in the 20th century , particularly the labor movement and communism . He is also Honorary President of the International Research Center of the Museum of the Great War in Peronne , and winner of JF Mege Academy of Science , Literature and Arts Clermont-Ferrand . He succeeded Léo Hamon as vice-president of the Society for the Study jaurésiennes .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " - Dictionary of the Great War , Brussels , André Versaille editor , 2008 - Year 14 , Paris , Armand Colin , 2005 - Encyclopedia of the Great War , co-directed with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau , Paris , Bayard , 2004 - The First World War , Belin , Paris , [ 1996 ] 2003 , ( ) - The Great War , Paris , PUF , 2004 - The Treaty of Versailles , Paris , PUF , 2002 - Clemenceau Thirty Questions , Paris , Editions Gesture , 2001",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": "- Clemenceau , the Intractable , Paris , Liana Levi , 1998",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": " - The Great War in Europe , Paris , Belin sup . Histoire . 1996 , reissued as The War moindiale , 2003 - France , the Nation , the War ( 1850-1920 ) , Paris Sedes , 1995 ( in collaboration with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - Cultures and Wars , 1914-1918 , Paris , Armand Colin , 1994 ( with Jay M . Winter , Gerd Krumeich , Annette Becker and Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - European Societies and the War of 1914-1918 , Paris X-Nanterre , 1990 ( co-directed with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau )",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": "- France in War . The Transformation , Brussels , Complexe , 1988",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": " - The French in the Great War , Paris , Robert Laffont , 1980 - 1914 , How the French Entered the War , Press the National Foundation for Political Science , Paris , 1977 - The B Book , Governments and Anti-militarism Before the War of 1914 , Paris , Klincksieck , 1973 - 1914 , the War and the French Labor Movement , with Annie Kriegel , Armand Colin , Paris , 1964",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": " - History of the Left in France , co-edited with Gilles Candar , La Découverte , Paris , 2004 - France from 1914 to 1940 , Paris , PUF , 2005 - Political History of France Since 1945 , 10th edition , Armand Colin , Paris , 2003 - New History of Contemporary France , Volume 19 , Alternations and Crises , 1974-1995 ( in collaboration with Pascal Ory ) . Paris , Seuil , Points 1998 , edition 1974-2000 , 2002",
"title": "On other topics"
},
{
"text": "- New History of Contemporary France , Volume 12 , Wins and Frustrations , 1914-1929 , with Serge Berstein , Paris , Seuil , Points , 1990",
"title": "On other topics"
},
{
"text": " - History of Anticommunism in France with Serge Berstein , Volume 1 ( 1917-1940 ) Orban , Paris , 1987 - The Communist Party does he Take Power ? ( The Strategy of the Communist Party from 1930 to Today ) . Editions du Seuil , Paris , 1981",
"title": "On other topics"
}
] |
/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Becker#P108#2
|
Jean-Jacques Becker was an employee for whom between Dec 1993 and Dec 1993?
|
Jean-Jacques Becker Jean-Jacques Becker is a French historian , born 14 May 1928 in Paris . He is a specialist of contemporary history . He is the brother of historian Annie Kriegel and the father of World War I specialist Annette Becker . Biography . Jean-Jacques Becker was born into a family descended from the Jewish community of Alsace-Lorraine , located in Paris . In July 1942 , he entered the South zone with his parents who settled in Grenoble ( Isère ) . He continued his studies at the Lycée Champollion . Following the popularity of his family to communism , he became a member of the Communist Party from 1947 to 1960 . Because of his membership in the Communist Party , he did not participate in the war in Algeria . Having left the Communist Party , he continued to engage in trade unions as a member of the National Union of Secondary Education ( SNES ) , of which he was secretary of the section of the school of Auxerre , then that of Arago school . He was actively involved in the strikes of May–June 1968 . After teaching in secondary education ( Peronne , Auxerre , Arago - Paris- ) until 1968 , he was a lecturer at the University of Paris-X Nanterre until 1977 , a university professor in Clermont-Ferrand 1977 to 1985 ( and Dean of the Faculty of Arts from 1982 to 1985 ) and Paris-X Nanterre from 1985 to 1994 ( and vice-president of the University from 1986 to 1989 ) . He chaired the jury of the aggregation of History in 1990 , 1991 and 1992 . He argued in 1976 his doctoral thesis on French public opinion and the beginning of the War of 1914 prepared under the direction of Pierre Renouvin . He dedicated his work to two major historical areas , World War I and the political history of France in the 20th century , particularly the labor movement and communism . He is also Honorary President of the International Research Center of the Museum of the Great War in Peronne , and winner of JF Mege Academy of Science , Literature and Arts Clermont-Ferrand . He succeeded Léo Hamon as vice-president of the Society for the Study jaurésiennes . Publications . On War . - Dictionary of the Great War , Brussels , André Versaille editor , 2008 - Year 14 , Paris , Armand Colin , 2005 - Encyclopedia of the Great War , co-directed with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau , Paris , Bayard , 2004 - The First World War , Belin , Paris , [ 1996 ] 2003 , ( ) - The Great War , Paris , PUF , 2004 - The Treaty of Versailles , Paris , PUF , 2002 - Clemenceau Thirty Questions , Paris , Editions Gesture , 2001 - Clemenceau , the Intractable , Paris , Liana Levi , 1998 - The Great War in Europe , Paris , Belin sup . Histoire . 1996 , reissued as The War moindiale , 2003 - France , the Nation , the War ( 1850-1920 ) , Paris Sedes , 1995 ( in collaboration with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - Cultures and Wars , 1914-1918 , Paris , Armand Colin , 1994 ( with Jay M . Winter , Gerd Krumeich , Annette Becker and Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - European Societies and the War of 1914-1918 , Paris X-Nanterre , 1990 ( co-directed with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - France in War . The Transformation , Brussels , Complexe , 1988 - The French in the Great War , Paris , Robert Laffont , 1980 - 1914 , How the French Entered the War , Press the National Foundation for Political Science , Paris , 1977 - The B Book , Governments and Anti-militarism Before the War of 1914 , Paris , Klincksieck , 1973 - 1914 , the War and the French Labor Movement , with Annie Kriegel , Armand Colin , Paris , 1964 On other topics . - History of the Left in France , co-edited with Gilles Candar , La Découverte , Paris , 2004 - France from 1914 to 1940 , Paris , PUF , 2005 - Political History of France Since 1945 , 10th edition , Armand Colin , Paris , 2003 - New History of Contemporary France , Volume 19 , Alternations and Crises , 1974-1995 ( in collaboration with Pascal Ory ) . Paris , Seuil , Points 1998 , edition 1974-2000 , 2002 - New History of Contemporary France , Volume 12 , Wins and Frustrations , 1914-1929 , with Serge Berstein , Paris , Seuil , Points , 1990 - History of Anticommunism in France with Serge Berstein , Volume 1 ( 1917-1940 ) Orban , Paris , 1987 - The Communist Party does he Take Power ? ( The Strategy of the Communist Party from 1930 to Today ) . Editions du Seuil , Paris , 1981
|
[
"Paris-X Nanterre"
] |
[
{
"text": " Jean-Jacques Becker is a French historian , born 14 May 1928 in Paris . He is a specialist of contemporary history . He is the brother of historian Annie Kriegel and the father of World War I specialist Annette Becker .",
"title": "Jean-Jacques Becker"
},
{
"text": "Jean-Jacques Becker was born into a family descended from the Jewish community of Alsace-Lorraine , located in Paris . In July 1942 , he entered the South zone with his parents who settled in Grenoble ( Isère ) . He continued his studies at the Lycée Champollion . Following the popularity of his family to communism , he became a member of the Communist Party from 1947 to 1960 . Because of his membership in the Communist Party , he did not participate in the war in Algeria . Having left the Communist Party , he continued to engage in",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "trade unions as a member of the National Union of Secondary Education ( SNES ) , of which he was secretary of the section of the school of Auxerre , then that of Arago school . He was actively involved in the strikes of May–June 1968 .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "After teaching in secondary education ( Peronne , Auxerre , Arago - Paris- ) until 1968 , he was a lecturer at the University of Paris-X Nanterre until 1977 , a university professor in Clermont-Ferrand 1977 to 1985 ( and Dean of the Faculty of Arts from 1982 to 1985 ) and Paris-X Nanterre from 1985 to 1994 ( and vice-president of the University from 1986 to 1989 ) . He chaired the jury of the aggregation of History in 1990 , 1991 and 1992 . He argued in 1976 his doctoral thesis on French public opinion and the beginning",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "of the War of 1914 prepared under the direction of Pierre Renouvin . He dedicated his work to two major historical areas , World War I and the political history of France in the 20th century , particularly the labor movement and communism . He is also Honorary President of the International Research Center of the Museum of the Great War in Peronne , and winner of JF Mege Academy of Science , Literature and Arts Clermont-Ferrand . He succeeded Léo Hamon as vice-president of the Society for the Study jaurésiennes .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " - Dictionary of the Great War , Brussels , André Versaille editor , 2008 - Year 14 , Paris , Armand Colin , 2005 - Encyclopedia of the Great War , co-directed with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau , Paris , Bayard , 2004 - The First World War , Belin , Paris , [ 1996 ] 2003 , ( ) - The Great War , Paris , PUF , 2004 - The Treaty of Versailles , Paris , PUF , 2002 - Clemenceau Thirty Questions , Paris , Editions Gesture , 2001",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": "- Clemenceau , the Intractable , Paris , Liana Levi , 1998",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": " - The Great War in Europe , Paris , Belin sup . Histoire . 1996 , reissued as The War moindiale , 2003 - France , the Nation , the War ( 1850-1920 ) , Paris Sedes , 1995 ( in collaboration with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - Cultures and Wars , 1914-1918 , Paris , Armand Colin , 1994 ( with Jay M . Winter , Gerd Krumeich , Annette Becker and Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau ) - European Societies and the War of 1914-1918 , Paris X-Nanterre , 1990 ( co-directed with Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau )",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": "- France in War . The Transformation , Brussels , Complexe , 1988",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": " - The French in the Great War , Paris , Robert Laffont , 1980 - 1914 , How the French Entered the War , Press the National Foundation for Political Science , Paris , 1977 - The B Book , Governments and Anti-militarism Before the War of 1914 , Paris , Klincksieck , 1973 - 1914 , the War and the French Labor Movement , with Annie Kriegel , Armand Colin , Paris , 1964",
"title": "On War"
},
{
"text": " - History of the Left in France , co-edited with Gilles Candar , La Découverte , Paris , 2004 - France from 1914 to 1940 , Paris , PUF , 2005 - Political History of France Since 1945 , 10th edition , Armand Colin , Paris , 2003 - New History of Contemporary France , Volume 19 , Alternations and Crises , 1974-1995 ( in collaboration with Pascal Ory ) . Paris , Seuil , Points 1998 , edition 1974-2000 , 2002",
"title": "On other topics"
},
{
"text": "- New History of Contemporary France , Volume 12 , Wins and Frustrations , 1914-1929 , with Serge Berstein , Paris , Seuil , Points , 1990",
"title": "On other topics"
},
{
"text": " - History of Anticommunism in France with Serge Berstein , Volume 1 ( 1917-1940 ) Orban , Paris , 1987 - The Communist Party does he Take Power ? ( The Strategy of the Communist Party from 1930 to Today ) . Editions du Seuil , Paris , 1981",
"title": "On other topics"
}
] |
/wiki/Walt_Disney's_Comics_and_Stories#P123#0
|
What was the publisher of Walt Disney's Comics and Stories in late 1940s?
|
Walt Disneys Comics and Stories Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books of all time . The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) . Publication history . The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 . The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander . Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material . Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories . Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format . By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 . In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 . Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 . Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 . IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 . Numbering . While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 . Publishers . The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720 - IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present Circulation . The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .
|
[
"Dell Comics"
] |
[
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": "of all time .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 .",
"title": "Numbering"
},
{
"text": " The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": "- IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": " The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .",
"title": "Circulation"
}
] |
/wiki/Walt_Disney's_Comics_and_Stories#P123#1
|
What was the publisher of Walt Disney's Comics and Stories between Feb 1964 and Nov 1978?
|
Walt Disneys Comics and Stories Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books of all time . The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) . Publication history . The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 . The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander . Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material . Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories . Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format . By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 . In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 . Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 . Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 . IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 . Numbering . While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 . Publishers . The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720 - IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present Circulation . The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .
|
[
"Gold Key Comics"
] |
[
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": "of all time .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 .",
"title": "Numbering"
},
{
"text": " The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": "- IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": " The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .",
"title": "Circulation"
}
] |
/wiki/Walt_Disney's_Comics_and_Stories#P123#2
|
What was the publisher of Walt Disney's Comics and Stories between Apr 1987 and Sep 1988?
|
Walt Disneys Comics and Stories Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books of all time . The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) . Publication history . The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 . The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander . Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material . Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories . Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format . By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 . In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 . Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 . Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 . IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 . Numbering . While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 . Publishers . The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720 - IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present Circulation . The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .
|
[
"Gladstone Publishing"
] |
[
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": "of all time .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 .",
"title": "Numbering"
},
{
"text": " The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": "- IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": " The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .",
"title": "Circulation"
}
] |
/wiki/Walt_Disney's_Comics_and_Stories#P123#3
|
What was the publisher of Walt Disney's Comics and Stories between May 1991 and Sep 1992?
|
Walt Disneys Comics and Stories Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books of all time . The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) . Publication history . The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 . The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander . Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material . Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories . Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format . By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 . In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 . Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 . Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 . IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 . Numbering . While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 . Publishers . The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720 - IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present Circulation . The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .
|
[
"Disney Comics"
] |
[
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": "of all time .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 .",
"title": "Numbering"
},
{
"text": " The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": "- IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": " The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .",
"title": "Circulation"
}
] |
/wiki/Walt_Disney's_Comics_and_Stories#P123#4
|
What was the publisher of Walt Disney's Comics and Stories in Jan 1993?
|
Walt Disneys Comics and Stories Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books of all time . The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) . Publication history . The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 . The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander . Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material . Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories . Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format . By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 . In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 . Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 . Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 . IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 . Numbering . While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 . Publishers . The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720 - IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present Circulation . The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .
|
[
"Gladstone Publishing"
] |
[
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": "of all time .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 .",
"title": "Numbering"
},
{
"text": " The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": "- IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": " The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .",
"title": "Circulation"
}
] |
/wiki/Walt_Disney's_Comics_and_Stories#P123#5
|
What was the publisher of Walt Disney's Comics and Stories between Mar 2006 and Nov 2006?
|
Walt Disneys Comics and Stories Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books of all time . The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) . Publication history . The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 . The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander . Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material . Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories . Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format . By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 . In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 . Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 . Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 . IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 . Numbering . While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 . Publishers . The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720 - IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present Circulation . The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .
|
[
"Gemstone Publishing"
] |
[
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": "of all time .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 .",
"title": "Numbering"
},
{
"text": " The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": "- IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": " The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .",
"title": "Circulation"
}
] |
/wiki/Walt_Disney's_Comics_and_Stories#P123#6
|
What was the publisher of Walt Disney's Comics and Stories in Aug 2009?
|
Walt Disneys Comics and Stories Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books of all time . The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) . Publication history . The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 . The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander . Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material . Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories . Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format . By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 . In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 . Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 . Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 . IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 . Numbering . While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 . Publishers . The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720 - IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present Circulation . The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .
|
[
"Boom ! Studios"
] |
[
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": "of all time .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 .",
"title": "Numbering"
},
{
"text": " The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": "- IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": " The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .",
"title": "Circulation"
}
] |
/wiki/Walt_Disney's_Comics_and_Stories#P123#7
|
What was the publisher of Walt Disney's Comics and Stories in Aug 2015?
|
Walt Disneys Comics and Stories Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books of all time . The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) . Publication history . The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 . The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander . Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material . Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories . Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format . By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 . In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 . Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 . Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 . IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 . Numbering . While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 . Publishers . The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720 - IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present Circulation . The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC&S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring characters from The Walt Disney Companys films and shorts , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip n Dale , Lil Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disneys Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and is one of the best-selling comic books",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": "of all time .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962–1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986–1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990–1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993–1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015–present ) .",
"title": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories"
},
{
"text": " The precursor to WDC&S was Mickey Mouse Magazine , published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940 . WDC&S itself was launched by Dell in October 1940 , and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck , Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony reformatted for comic books and colored . The first original story created for WDC&S was The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24 ( Aug . 1942 ) ; the story adapted a cartoon short included in The Three Caballeros , released in 1944 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "The comics anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck and for most of the run ended with a serial or single story featuring Mickey Mouse . The most popular issues featured the Donald Duck ten-pagers written and drawn by Carl Barks , who began the run with issue # 31 ( April 1943 ) . Barks stopped producing original stories after issue #312 ( September 1966 ) , but his stories have been continually reprinted up to the present . Almost all of these stories co-starred Donalds nephews , Huey , Dewey and Louie , with",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "frequent guest appearances by Barks creation Uncle Scrooge , as well as the Beagle Boys , Gyro Gearloose , and Gladstone Gander .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 ( May 1942 ) with a series of newspaper reprints from the Silly Symphony comic strip ; original Bucky stories started later , in issue #39 ( December 1943 ) . Bucky stories were monthly through 1950 ; were not seen for several decades , then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present , with a mixture of old and new material .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 ( January 1945 ) and remained a regular feature for more than ten years , continuing to appear in the majority of issues even after the continuous run stopped . Carl Buettner ( 1945–1946 ) , Gil Turner ( 1948–1956 ) , and Dick Matena ( 2005–2008 ) are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title . More recently ( 2003–present ) , Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Many 1940s issues featured Mickey Mouse serials by Floyd Gottfredson which were reprinted from the Mickey Mouse daily newspaper comic strips . Later , Paul Murry took over drawing original Mickey Mouse serials , with stories written by Carl Fallberg and Don Christensen among others . The 1980s saw numerous Murry reprints ; the 1990s and more recent times have seen new Mickey Mouse stories written by Noel Van Horn and drawn by Cesar Ferioli , as well as some Gottfredson serials not previously anthologized in comic book format .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "By the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States , with a monthly circulation of over three million . Mark Evanier describes the high circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push . Various premiums were offered for new subscribers , including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100 from January 1949 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " In many 1980s issues , as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward , new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title . Issues #523 , 524 , 526 , 528 , 531 , and 547 ( all 1987–1990 ) featured lead-off stories drawn ( and usually written ) by Don Rosa , while most issues from 1993–2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn . Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the cover art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34–41 and 43 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history , making it their flagship title . After reaching its 600th issue , it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstone Publishings run at issue #698 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011 ( issues #699 to #720 ) . IDW Publishing began publishing the comic in July 2015 , continuing the number sequence from #721 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": "IDWs last issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories was #743 , published in September 2018 . At that point , IDW renamed the title to Disney Comics and Stories , restarting the numbering from #1 , but also keeping the legacy numbering ( #744 ) , which appears in the indicia in the contents page . Some of the titles run has been collected in the Timeless Tales collection . IDW has been publishing the new title on an approximately bimonthly schedule , with #7 coming out in September 2019 .",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"text": " While the issues are now referred to with sequential numbers , the format for the first ten years of the comic was to use the volume and number . For example , issue #100 ( Jan 1949 ) was labeled Vol . 9 No . 4 . The title started using whole numbers with issue #124 , in January 1951 .",
"title": "Numbering"
},
{
"text": " The publishers of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories have been : - Dell Comics ( Oct 1940 – Aug 1962 ) #1–263 - Gold Key Comics ( Sept 1962 – 1984 ) #264–510 - Gladstone Publishing ( Oct 1986 – April 1990 ) #511–547 - Disney Comics ( June 1990 – July 1993 ) #548–585 - Gladstone Publishing ( Aug 1993 – Feb 1999 ) #586–633 - Gemstone Publishing ( June 2003 – November 2008 ) #634–698 - Boom Kids ! ( Boom ! Studios ) ( September 2009 – June 2011 ) #699–720",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": "- IDW Publishing ( July 2015 – present ) #721 - present",
"title": "Publishers"
},
{
"text": " The first issue of Walt Disneys Comics and Stories sold 252,000 copies . By issue #23 ( August 1942 ) , the comic was printing 1,000,000 copies per issue . They reached 2 million copies by issue #66 ( March 1946 ) and 3 million by issue #131 ( August 1951 ) . The magazine hit its peak at 3,115,000 copies of issue #144 ( September 1952 ) .",
"title": "Circulation"
}
] |
/wiki/Luke_Hancock#P69#0
|
Luke Hancock went to which school between Dec 2008 and 2009?
|
Luke Hancock Patrick Lucas Luke Hancock ( born January 30 , 1990 ) is an American former professional basketball player and current financial adviser . He played in six games for Panionios of the Greek Basket League before tearing a muscle in his calf , ending his career . He played college basketball for the University of Louisville after transferring from George Mason University . While at Louisville , he won the 2013 NCAA championship ( a title which was later stripped from the university ) and was named the Final Four Most Outstanding Player , becoming the first substitute to ever win the award ( later vacated then restored after Hancock settled a lawsuit with the NCAA ) . On September 30 , 2019 the NCAA reinstated Luke Hancock’s MOP status ( without an * ) in his individual capacity . This decision did not , however , change the status of the vacated 2013 Louisville Cardinals Division I Championship . Early life . Hancock was born to William and Venicia Hancock , and he has four brothers and one sister . Hancock attended Hidden Valley High School in Roanoke , Virginia , where he did not receive notice from college programs . He then went to Hargrave Military Academy for one year . As a high school basketball player , he was named All-State . College career . Hancock was recruited to attend George Mason University by George Mason Patriots mens basketball coach Jim Larrañaga . He played for George Mason in his freshman and sophomore years . While at George Mason , he averaged 7.7 points per game as a freshman and 10.9 points as a sophomore . In his second season , he was named to the All-Colonial Athletic Association third team . Larrañaga accepted the head coaching job at the University of Miami after the 2010–11 season , taking his entire coaching staff with him and leading Hancock to transfer . Hancock transferred to the University of Louisville , which had hired his former Hargrave coach Kevin Keatts as an assistant , and did not play in 2011–12 after transferring . Hancock was named the captain of the Louisville Cardinals mens basketball team before appearing in a game for the Cardinals . Hancock averaged 7.7 points per game playing for Louisville in 2012–13 . In the 2013 NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament , he was named the tournaments Most Outstanding Player . He scored 20 points in the national semifinals against the Wichita State Shockers . In the title game against the Michigan Wolverines , the Cardinals trailed by 12 points late in the first half before Hancock scored 14 straight points for the team to cut the deficit to one by halftime . He finished the game five-for-five on three-point shooting , and Louisville won , 82–76 . He became the first reserve player in tournament history to be named the MOP . Professional career . After going undrafted in the 2014 NBA draft , Hancock joined the Orlando Magic for the Orlando Summer League and the Houston Rockets for the Las Vegas Summer League . On September 25 , 2014 , he signed with the Memphis Grizzlies . However , he was later waived by the Grizzlies on October 13 , 2014 . On November 4 , 2014 , Hancock signed with Panionios of the Greek Basket League . He played in six games before tearing a muscle in his calf . The injury made him realize he needed to prepare for life after basketball , so he retired from the sport , studied to become a financial adviser , and eventually began working in Louisville , Kentucky for Lamkin Wealth Management . After basketball . Hancock has continued his community involvement in Louisville , most notably with the nonprofit group Families for Effective Autism Treatment of Louisville ( FEAT ) . He first became involved with the organization in 2014 while still attending Louisville . After returning from his brief professional career in Greece , he started organizing basketball camps for children on the autism spectrum , which he has continued to do ever since . , Hancock serves on FEATs board of directors . Hancock married the former Kaelyn Gault in October , 2019 . References . NCAA vacation http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/media-center/news/louisville-mens-basketball-must-vacate-wins-and-pay-fine External links . - Louisville bio - Sports-Reference.com Profile
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Patrick Lucas Luke Hancock ( born January 30 , 1990 ) is an American former professional basketball player and current financial adviser . He played in six games for Panionios of the Greek Basket League before tearing a muscle in his calf , ending his career . He played college basketball for the University of Louisville after transferring from George Mason University . While at Louisville , he won the 2013 NCAA championship ( a title which was later stripped from the university ) and was named the Final Four Most Outstanding Player , becoming the first substitute to ever",
"title": "Luke Hancock"
},
{
"text": "win the award ( later vacated then restored after Hancock settled a lawsuit with the NCAA ) .",
"title": "Luke Hancock"
},
{
"text": " On September 30 , 2019 the NCAA reinstated Luke Hancock’s MOP status ( without an * ) in his individual capacity . This decision did not , however , change the status of the vacated 2013 Louisville Cardinals Division I Championship .",
"title": "Luke Hancock"
},
{
"text": " Hancock was born to William and Venicia Hancock , and he has four brothers and one sister . Hancock attended Hidden Valley High School in Roanoke , Virginia , where he did not receive notice from college programs . He then went to Hargrave Military Academy for one year . As a high school basketball player , he was named All-State .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Hancock was recruited to attend George Mason University by George Mason Patriots mens basketball coach Jim Larrañaga . He played for George Mason in his freshman and sophomore years . While at George Mason , he averaged 7.7 points per game as a freshman and 10.9 points as a sophomore . In his second season , he was named to the All-Colonial Athletic Association third team . Larrañaga accepted the head coaching job at the University of Miami after the 2010–11 season , taking his entire coaching staff with him and leading Hancock to transfer . Hancock transferred to the",
"title": "College career"
},
{
"text": "University of Louisville , which had hired his former Hargrave coach Kevin Keatts as an assistant , and did not play in 2011–12 after transferring .",
"title": "College career"
},
{
"text": "Hancock was named the captain of the Louisville Cardinals mens basketball team before appearing in a game for the Cardinals . Hancock averaged 7.7 points per game playing for Louisville in 2012–13 . In the 2013 NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament , he was named the tournaments Most Outstanding Player . He scored 20 points in the national semifinals against the Wichita State Shockers . In the title game against the Michigan Wolverines , the Cardinals trailed by 12 points late in the first half before Hancock scored 14 straight points for the team to cut the deficit to",
"title": "College career"
},
{
"text": "one by halftime . He finished the game five-for-five on three-point shooting , and Louisville won , 82–76 . He became the first reserve player in tournament history to be named the MOP .",
"title": "College career"
},
{
"text": " After going undrafted in the 2014 NBA draft , Hancock joined the Orlando Magic for the Orlando Summer League and the Houston Rockets for the Las Vegas Summer League . On September 25 , 2014 , he signed with the Memphis Grizzlies . However , he was later waived by the Grizzlies on October 13 , 2014 .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "On November 4 , 2014 , Hancock signed with Panionios of the Greek Basket League . He played in six games before tearing a muscle in his calf . The injury made him realize he needed to prepare for life after basketball , so he retired from the sport , studied to become a financial adviser , and eventually began working in Louisville , Kentucky for Lamkin Wealth Management .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " Hancock has continued his community involvement in Louisville , most notably with the nonprofit group Families for Effective Autism Treatment of Louisville ( FEAT ) . He first became involved with the organization in 2014 while still attending Louisville . After returning from his brief professional career in Greece , he started organizing basketball camps for children on the autism spectrum , which he has continued to do ever since . , Hancock serves on FEATs board of directors . Hancock married the former Kaelyn Gault in October , 2019 .",
"title": "After basketball"
},
{
"text": " - Louisville bio - Sports-Reference.com Profile",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Luke_Hancock#P69#1
|
Luke Hancock went to which school in Apr 2009?
|
Luke Hancock Patrick Lucas Luke Hancock ( born January 30 , 1990 ) is an American former professional basketball player and current financial adviser . He played in six games for Panionios of the Greek Basket League before tearing a muscle in his calf , ending his career . He played college basketball for the University of Louisville after transferring from George Mason University . While at Louisville , he won the 2013 NCAA championship ( a title which was later stripped from the university ) and was named the Final Four Most Outstanding Player , becoming the first substitute to ever win the award ( later vacated then restored after Hancock settled a lawsuit with the NCAA ) . On September 30 , 2019 the NCAA reinstated Luke Hancock’s MOP status ( without an * ) in his individual capacity . This decision did not , however , change the status of the vacated 2013 Louisville Cardinals Division I Championship . Early life . Hancock was born to William and Venicia Hancock , and he has four brothers and one sister . Hancock attended Hidden Valley High School in Roanoke , Virginia , where he did not receive notice from college programs . He then went to Hargrave Military Academy for one year . As a high school basketball player , he was named All-State . College career . Hancock was recruited to attend George Mason University by George Mason Patriots mens basketball coach Jim Larrañaga . He played for George Mason in his freshman and sophomore years . While at George Mason , he averaged 7.7 points per game as a freshman and 10.9 points as a sophomore . In his second season , he was named to the All-Colonial Athletic Association third team . Larrañaga accepted the head coaching job at the University of Miami after the 2010–11 season , taking his entire coaching staff with him and leading Hancock to transfer . Hancock transferred to the University of Louisville , which had hired his former Hargrave coach Kevin Keatts as an assistant , and did not play in 2011–12 after transferring . Hancock was named the captain of the Louisville Cardinals mens basketball team before appearing in a game for the Cardinals . Hancock averaged 7.7 points per game playing for Louisville in 2012–13 . In the 2013 NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament , he was named the tournaments Most Outstanding Player . He scored 20 points in the national semifinals against the Wichita State Shockers . In the title game against the Michigan Wolverines , the Cardinals trailed by 12 points late in the first half before Hancock scored 14 straight points for the team to cut the deficit to one by halftime . He finished the game five-for-five on three-point shooting , and Louisville won , 82–76 . He became the first reserve player in tournament history to be named the MOP . Professional career . After going undrafted in the 2014 NBA draft , Hancock joined the Orlando Magic for the Orlando Summer League and the Houston Rockets for the Las Vegas Summer League . On September 25 , 2014 , he signed with the Memphis Grizzlies . However , he was later waived by the Grizzlies on October 13 , 2014 . On November 4 , 2014 , Hancock signed with Panionios of the Greek Basket League . He played in six games before tearing a muscle in his calf . The injury made him realize he needed to prepare for life after basketball , so he retired from the sport , studied to become a financial adviser , and eventually began working in Louisville , Kentucky for Lamkin Wealth Management . After basketball . Hancock has continued his community involvement in Louisville , most notably with the nonprofit group Families for Effective Autism Treatment of Louisville ( FEAT ) . He first became involved with the organization in 2014 while still attending Louisville . After returning from his brief professional career in Greece , he started organizing basketball camps for children on the autism spectrum , which he has continued to do ever since . , Hancock serves on FEATs board of directors . Hancock married the former Kaelyn Gault in October , 2019 . References . NCAA vacation http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/media-center/news/louisville-mens-basketball-must-vacate-wins-and-pay-fine External links . - Louisville bio - Sports-Reference.com Profile
|
[
"Louisville"
] |
[
{
"text": "Patrick Lucas Luke Hancock ( born January 30 , 1990 ) is an American former professional basketball player and current financial adviser . He played in six games for Panionios of the Greek Basket League before tearing a muscle in his calf , ending his career . He played college basketball for the University of Louisville after transferring from George Mason University . While at Louisville , he won the 2013 NCAA championship ( a title which was later stripped from the university ) and was named the Final Four Most Outstanding Player , becoming the first substitute to ever",
"title": "Luke Hancock"
},
{
"text": "win the award ( later vacated then restored after Hancock settled a lawsuit with the NCAA ) .",
"title": "Luke Hancock"
},
{
"text": " On September 30 , 2019 the NCAA reinstated Luke Hancock’s MOP status ( without an * ) in his individual capacity . This decision did not , however , change the status of the vacated 2013 Louisville Cardinals Division I Championship .",
"title": "Luke Hancock"
},
{
"text": " Hancock was born to William and Venicia Hancock , and he has four brothers and one sister . Hancock attended Hidden Valley High School in Roanoke , Virginia , where he did not receive notice from college programs . He then went to Hargrave Military Academy for one year . As a high school basketball player , he was named All-State .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Hancock was recruited to attend George Mason University by George Mason Patriots mens basketball coach Jim Larrañaga . He played for George Mason in his freshman and sophomore years . While at George Mason , he averaged 7.7 points per game as a freshman and 10.9 points as a sophomore . In his second season , he was named to the All-Colonial Athletic Association third team . Larrañaga accepted the head coaching job at the University of Miami after the 2010–11 season , taking his entire coaching staff with him and leading Hancock to transfer . Hancock transferred to the",
"title": "College career"
},
{
"text": "University of Louisville , which had hired his former Hargrave coach Kevin Keatts as an assistant , and did not play in 2011–12 after transferring .",
"title": "College career"
},
{
"text": "Hancock was named the captain of the Louisville Cardinals mens basketball team before appearing in a game for the Cardinals . Hancock averaged 7.7 points per game playing for Louisville in 2012–13 . In the 2013 NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament , he was named the tournaments Most Outstanding Player . He scored 20 points in the national semifinals against the Wichita State Shockers . In the title game against the Michigan Wolverines , the Cardinals trailed by 12 points late in the first half before Hancock scored 14 straight points for the team to cut the deficit to",
"title": "College career"
},
{
"text": "one by halftime . He finished the game five-for-five on three-point shooting , and Louisville won , 82–76 . He became the first reserve player in tournament history to be named the MOP .",
"title": "College career"
},
{
"text": " After going undrafted in the 2014 NBA draft , Hancock joined the Orlando Magic for the Orlando Summer League and the Houston Rockets for the Las Vegas Summer League . On September 25 , 2014 , he signed with the Memphis Grizzlies . However , he was later waived by the Grizzlies on October 13 , 2014 .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "On November 4 , 2014 , Hancock signed with Panionios of the Greek Basket League . He played in six games before tearing a muscle in his calf . The injury made him realize he needed to prepare for life after basketball , so he retired from the sport , studied to become a financial adviser , and eventually began working in Louisville , Kentucky for Lamkin Wealth Management .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " Hancock has continued his community involvement in Louisville , most notably with the nonprofit group Families for Effective Autism Treatment of Louisville ( FEAT ) . He first became involved with the organization in 2014 while still attending Louisville . After returning from his brief professional career in Greece , he started organizing basketball camps for children on the autism spectrum , which he has continued to do ever since . , Hancock serves on FEATs board of directors . Hancock married the former Kaelyn Gault in October , 2019 .",
"title": "After basketball"
},
{
"text": " - Louisville bio - Sports-Reference.com Profile",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Luke_Hancock#P69#2
|
Luke Hancock went to which school after Apr 2012?
|
Luke Hancock Patrick Lucas Luke Hancock ( born January 30 , 1990 ) is an American former professional basketball player and current financial adviser . He played in six games for Panionios of the Greek Basket League before tearing a muscle in his calf , ending his career . He played college basketball for the University of Louisville after transferring from George Mason University . While at Louisville , he won the 2013 NCAA championship ( a title which was later stripped from the university ) and was named the Final Four Most Outstanding Player , becoming the first substitute to ever win the award ( later vacated then restored after Hancock settled a lawsuit with the NCAA ) . On September 30 , 2019 the NCAA reinstated Luke Hancock’s MOP status ( without an * ) in his individual capacity . This decision did not , however , change the status of the vacated 2013 Louisville Cardinals Division I Championship . Early life . Hancock was born to William and Venicia Hancock , and he has four brothers and one sister . Hancock attended Hidden Valley High School in Roanoke , Virginia , where he did not receive notice from college programs . He then went to Hargrave Military Academy for one year . As a high school basketball player , he was named All-State . College career . Hancock was recruited to attend George Mason University by George Mason Patriots mens basketball coach Jim Larrañaga . He played for George Mason in his freshman and sophomore years . While at George Mason , he averaged 7.7 points per game as a freshman and 10.9 points as a sophomore . In his second season , he was named to the All-Colonial Athletic Association third team . Larrañaga accepted the head coaching job at the University of Miami after the 2010–11 season , taking his entire coaching staff with him and leading Hancock to transfer . Hancock transferred to the University of Louisville , which had hired his former Hargrave coach Kevin Keatts as an assistant , and did not play in 2011–12 after transferring . Hancock was named the captain of the Louisville Cardinals mens basketball team before appearing in a game for the Cardinals . Hancock averaged 7.7 points per game playing for Louisville in 2012–13 . In the 2013 NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament , he was named the tournaments Most Outstanding Player . He scored 20 points in the national semifinals against the Wichita State Shockers . In the title game against the Michigan Wolverines , the Cardinals trailed by 12 points late in the first half before Hancock scored 14 straight points for the team to cut the deficit to one by halftime . He finished the game five-for-five on three-point shooting , and Louisville won , 82–76 . He became the first reserve player in tournament history to be named the MOP . Professional career . After going undrafted in the 2014 NBA draft , Hancock joined the Orlando Magic for the Orlando Summer League and the Houston Rockets for the Las Vegas Summer League . On September 25 , 2014 , he signed with the Memphis Grizzlies . However , he was later waived by the Grizzlies on October 13 , 2014 . On November 4 , 2014 , Hancock signed with Panionios of the Greek Basket League . He played in six games before tearing a muscle in his calf . The injury made him realize he needed to prepare for life after basketball , so he retired from the sport , studied to become a financial adviser , and eventually began working in Louisville , Kentucky for Lamkin Wealth Management . After basketball . Hancock has continued his community involvement in Louisville , most notably with the nonprofit group Families for Effective Autism Treatment of Louisville ( FEAT ) . He first became involved with the organization in 2014 while still attending Louisville . After returning from his brief professional career in Greece , he started organizing basketball camps for children on the autism spectrum , which he has continued to do ever since . , Hancock serves on FEATs board of directors . Hancock married the former Kaelyn Gault in October , 2019 . References . NCAA vacation http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/media-center/news/louisville-mens-basketball-must-vacate-wins-and-pay-fine External links . - Louisville bio - Sports-Reference.com Profile
|
[
"Louisville"
] |
[
{
"text": "Patrick Lucas Luke Hancock ( born January 30 , 1990 ) is an American former professional basketball player and current financial adviser . He played in six games for Panionios of the Greek Basket League before tearing a muscle in his calf , ending his career . He played college basketball for the University of Louisville after transferring from George Mason University . While at Louisville , he won the 2013 NCAA championship ( a title which was later stripped from the university ) and was named the Final Four Most Outstanding Player , becoming the first substitute to ever",
"title": "Luke Hancock"
},
{
"text": "win the award ( later vacated then restored after Hancock settled a lawsuit with the NCAA ) .",
"title": "Luke Hancock"
},
{
"text": " On September 30 , 2019 the NCAA reinstated Luke Hancock’s MOP status ( without an * ) in his individual capacity . This decision did not , however , change the status of the vacated 2013 Louisville Cardinals Division I Championship .",
"title": "Luke Hancock"
},
{
"text": " Hancock was born to William and Venicia Hancock , and he has four brothers and one sister . Hancock attended Hidden Valley High School in Roanoke , Virginia , where he did not receive notice from college programs . He then went to Hargrave Military Academy for one year . As a high school basketball player , he was named All-State .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Hancock was recruited to attend George Mason University by George Mason Patriots mens basketball coach Jim Larrañaga . He played for George Mason in his freshman and sophomore years . While at George Mason , he averaged 7.7 points per game as a freshman and 10.9 points as a sophomore . In his second season , he was named to the All-Colonial Athletic Association third team . Larrañaga accepted the head coaching job at the University of Miami after the 2010–11 season , taking his entire coaching staff with him and leading Hancock to transfer . Hancock transferred to the",
"title": "College career"
},
{
"text": "University of Louisville , which had hired his former Hargrave coach Kevin Keatts as an assistant , and did not play in 2011–12 after transferring .",
"title": "College career"
},
{
"text": "Hancock was named the captain of the Louisville Cardinals mens basketball team before appearing in a game for the Cardinals . Hancock averaged 7.7 points per game playing for Louisville in 2012–13 . In the 2013 NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament , he was named the tournaments Most Outstanding Player . He scored 20 points in the national semifinals against the Wichita State Shockers . In the title game against the Michigan Wolverines , the Cardinals trailed by 12 points late in the first half before Hancock scored 14 straight points for the team to cut the deficit to",
"title": "College career"
},
{
"text": "one by halftime . He finished the game five-for-five on three-point shooting , and Louisville won , 82–76 . He became the first reserve player in tournament history to be named the MOP .",
"title": "College career"
},
{
"text": " After going undrafted in the 2014 NBA draft , Hancock joined the Orlando Magic for the Orlando Summer League and the Houston Rockets for the Las Vegas Summer League . On September 25 , 2014 , he signed with the Memphis Grizzlies . However , he was later waived by the Grizzlies on October 13 , 2014 .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": "On November 4 , 2014 , Hancock signed with Panionios of the Greek Basket League . He played in six games before tearing a muscle in his calf . The injury made him realize he needed to prepare for life after basketball , so he retired from the sport , studied to become a financial adviser , and eventually began working in Louisville , Kentucky for Lamkin Wealth Management .",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"text": " Hancock has continued his community involvement in Louisville , most notably with the nonprofit group Families for Effective Autism Treatment of Louisville ( FEAT ) . He first became involved with the organization in 2014 while still attending Louisville . After returning from his brief professional career in Greece , he started organizing basketball camps for children on the autism spectrum , which he has continued to do ever since . , Hancock serves on FEATs board of directors . Hancock married the former Kaelyn Gault in October , 2019 .",
"title": "After basketball"
},
{
"text": " - Louisville bio - Sports-Reference.com Profile",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Headhunterz#P264#0
|
What was the record label of Headhunterz in Sep 2010?
|
Headhunterz Willem Rebergen ( born 12 September 1985 ) , better known by his stage name Headhunterz , is a Dutch DJ and music producer . Rebergen is also a voice actor . He has done dubbing for several movies and TV series . He started his career in 2005 working on Hardstyle music . Headhunterz has performed at Qlimax , Defqon.1 , Q-Base , In Qontrol , Decibel , Hard Bass , Electric Daisy Carnival and Tomorrowland . Headhunterz released his work on Scantraxx through his own sub-label , Scantraxx Reloaded , but in 2013 he started his own record label , HARD with STYLE . He signed with the North American electronic dance record label Ultra Music in 2013 and left his own label in 2015 . Since June 2017 , he officially returned to the Hardstyle community at the closing ceremony of Defqon.1 Weekend Festival 2017 . In 2018 , Headhunterz and fellow DJ Wildstylez , developed a brand new Hardstyle label , called : Art of Creation . Biography . Early life & career . Willem Rebergen was born on 12 September 1985 in Veenendaal , Netherlands . From an early age Rebergen had an interest in music . Having struggled with bullying at school , Rebergen looked for a distraction to make himself happy and so joined a local kids choir . Here he had his first exposure to a professional studio , recording Christmas albums with the choir . This experience left Rebergen interested and inspired by the process of creating music from the other side of the studio . In 2003 , while working at a clothing store he was offered tickets to Qlimax from friends who could not attend . This was his first exposure to hardstyle music . This experience gave him the impetus to forge a music career and in his own words from then on he was devoted to hardstyle and from that point interested in how to make the music . I wanted to make that kind of music . He purchased some turntables and connected them to his mixer practicing his DJing , while simultaneously making music in FL Studio , a digital audio workstation . Rebergen began sending demos out to labels under the alias Nasty D-Tuners , a duo project he formed with close friend Bobby van Putten . In 2004 Nasty D-Tuners entered and won the Defqon.1 DJ contest , winning a spot on that years lineup . Rebergen and van Putten heard of a new hard dance music label Hardcontrol , that was opening in Veenendaal . In 2005 , a year and a half after their performance at Defqon 2004 , Nasty D-Tuners were signed to Hardcontrol Records having two successful releases , with their work being played by then major Hardstyle producers/DJs . Also in 2005 , Rebergen and van Putten began attending a DJ class at the Rock Academy in the Netherlands . Rebergen found his time at the academy frustrating , due to a lack of encouragement towards producing Hardstyle and negative responses to the genre as a whole . Alienated by his experience at the Academy , Rebergen continued to send out Nasty D-Tuners demos to respective labels , one eventually reaching Scantraxx founder , Dov Elkabas ( The Prophet ) . Seeing promise in the young duo , having heard of their performance at Defqon.1 , Nasty D-Tuners were signed to Scantraxx in late 2005 . Unable to keep the alias Nasty D-Tuners due to disagreements with the former label , the name Headhunterz was chosen . By the end of 2005 , Rebergen and van Putten had performed at major hardstyle events including Defqon.1 , Q-Base and The Prophets X-Qlusive , all of which increased their profile within the Hardstyle scene . 2006-2007 : Scantraxx & the beginning of Headhunterz . The year 2006 saw the first Headhunterz release Aiming for Your Brain/ Left Some Answers , on Scantraxx Special . Their debut release was followed by The Sacrifice/D-Tuned , again on Scantraxx Special . The Sacrifice was the duos most successful hit to date , Rebergen since stating his fond memories of the positive reception that The Prophet gave him the first time he heard it . Problems soon began to emerge when Rebergen came to the conclusion that he would be unable to perform and record for Scantraxx while simultaneously completing his course at the Rock Academy . Rebergen told van Putten of his decision to leave the Academy and hoped he would join and commit himself to Headhunterz and Scantraxx . van Putten then made the difficult decision to leave Rebergen , Scantraxx and Headhunterz and continue with his musical studies at the Rock Academy . Rebergens first solo performance as Headhunterz was the 2006 edition of the Q-Dance event , Defqon.1 . Following the final release of van Putten credited Headhunterz work , Scantraxx gave Rebergen his own sub label Scantraxx Reloaded which he would administer . Headhunterz first release on Scantraxx Reloaded was the three track Vinyl EP Victim of My Rage released in late 2006 . The Prophet continued to nurture the young talent , inviting Headhunterz to perform alongside him at the popular annual Q-Dance event , Qlimax . The year 2007 proved to be a successful year for Headhunterz . He had his first collaborations with fellow Scantraxx artists The Prophet and Abject ( DJ Frontliner ) . Along with the collaborations Headhunterz also released several successful solo tracks such as Forever Az One and Rock Civilization . Headhunterz then performed at the 2007 editions of Q-Base and Qlimax . He then created his first major anthem for the 2007 edition of Qlimax , The Power of the Mind . Headhunterz then had his first solo performance at Qlimax and played alongside DJs who he admired , Technoboy and The Prophet . 2008 : Headhunterz & Wildstylez Presents : Project One . In 2008 , Headhunterz had his first collaboration with fellow Scantraxx artist Wildstylez . Their First song Blame It On the Music / Project 1 released in March and proved a success . It also provided the impetus for the launch of a new project and debut album for the pair , Project One . Finishing in under three months , producing an average of one track a week , Headhunterz and Wildstylez completed their 13 track debut album , Headhunterz & Wildstylez Present : Project One . The album was planned to debut at In Qontrol in a special one-hour set , showcasing the album . This performance was cancelled when Headhunterz suffered appendicitis . The Album debuted at Defqon.1 2008 , and was officially released shortly after in both CD and Digital formats on 25 July with Dutch graphical designer , Ruud van Eijk providing the artwork . Project One was well received in the Hardstyle community with tracks such as Life Beyond Earth , The Art of Creation , The Story Unfolds , Best of Both Worlds and Fantasy or Reality all proving to be successes on the dance floor . The Album was a defining influence on the direction Hardstyle would take in the years to come , with its emphasis on synth based trance influenced melodies and heavy use of pitched kicks . A Project One Tour followed along with 6 full-length album samplers and 1 remix sampler , all released on Scantraxx Reloaded . Along with Project One , Headhunterz had three solo releases that included popular tracks Just Say My Name , Subsonic and Reloaded Part 2 all on Scantraxx Reloaded , along with a first collaboration with Italian Hardstyle DJ Tatanka , Call It Music . 2009-2011 : Studio Sessions & HARDwithSTYLE . 2009 saw Headhunterz release seven new singles/EPs . Amongst these releases was the 2009 Defqon.1 Anthem , Scrap Attack . This opportunity to create the anthem , saw Headhunterz close the Mainstage of Defqon.1 for the first time . Speaking about the moment , Headhunterz stated that he achieved one of his long-term goals within Hardstyle that night and felt complete happiness . Along with the anthem , 2009 was a notable year in regards to collaborations for Headhunterz . He again teamed up with Wildstylez and along with Noisecontrollers created the incredibly popular anthem Tonight . In the Q-Dance harder styles top 1000 poll held in late 2013 , Tonight was voted into second place . The Summer of Hardstyle , made with The Prophet , proved to be an instant hit at events . Gaining inspiration from older Hardstyle DJ , Zenith , the track was a break from recent Headhunterz work with its emphasis on Reverse bass and simple scratching sounds from vinyl . The Project One Tour reached its finale with a first time visit to Australia . The duo making multiple appearances at the final editions of Transmission , a popular music event that was held in Sydney and Brisbane . 2010 reflected Headhunterz and Hardstyles growing popularity around the world , in his own words 2010 was a year where my international bookings overtook my national ones . At the beginning of 2010 , Headhunterz was offered the chance to host his own X-Qlusive . Held on 30 January at the Heineken Music Hall , Amsterdam , X-Qlusive:Headhunterz featured Wildstylez , The Prophet , Noisecontrollers and Brennan Heart joining Headhunterz on the main stage . Headhunterz described X-Qlusive as the highlight of 2010 as It was an amazing night - a milestone in my career and personal life . I could have never imagined getting so far . In the buildup to X-Qlusive , Headhunterz revealed he was planning the release of his first studio album , Studio Sessions . Released on 8 March , Studio Sessions was a 15 track album containing a mixture of new unreleased tracks , collaborations , edits of older Headhunterz tracks and remixes done by Headhunterz and others . The Album release was followed by a world tour visiting The United States , Australia , Russia , Canada and many performances across the Netherlands . For the second year in a row , Headhunterz was asked to make a Defqon.1 Anthem , this time for the Australian edition , Save Your Scrap for Victory . Along with the anthem , Headhunterz other releases in 2010 was the psychedelic EP , which featured the popular title track along with Dreamcatcher and Emptiness and an EP with Noisecontrollers . 2010 also saw Headhunterz make his first appearance in DJ Mags yearly top 100 DJ list , coming in at 36th , the highest Hardstyle DJ in the list . It was the first year Hardstyle artists were featured on the top 100 with Noisecontrollers , D-Block & S-te-Fan and Showtek all ranking in the top 100 alongside Headhunterz . At the beginning of 2011 Headhunterz was recognized for his achievements in the past year at the 8th annual Hard Dance Awards , claiming best European hard dance DJ , best international DJ and best track , Psychedelic . Speaking on social media he stated “Thanks so much for all the nice congrats . I cant describe how good it feels to get so much recognition for my work . Respect to all of you!” . 2011 saw the start of the monthly podcast , HARDwithSTYLE . First released on 27 May 2011 through iTunes , SoundCloud and YouTube , the hour-long podcast was promoted with the tagline Bringing you the music that comes from within ! and was aimed at showcasing Headhunterzs favorite tracks of the month , from both established and up and coming producers . With many unheard and new tracks getting their first broadcast on HARDwithSTYLE , the podcast quickly become one of the most popular electronic music podcasts . Headhunterz again was ranked in DJ Mags yearly top 100 DJs list , coming in at 17th , the highest of any Hardstyle DJ and confirming his place as one of the most sought after Hardstyle DJs . 2011 had significantly less releases from Headhunterz compared to past years mainly due to a large amount of time and effort being put into what would become his 3rd studio album which was planned for a release in 2012 . Nevertheless , Headhunterz had his last solo release on Scantraxx Reloaded , with the EP From Within / The Message is Hardstyle . The Message Is Hardstyle had a mixed reception , many disliking the track due its soft kicks and perceived ironic lyrics given the nature of the song . The track Make it Loud ( Headhunterz Remix ) popular for its reverse bass intro , also finally gained a release on Blutonium Records . Headhunterz also had many notable performances in 2011 , performing at Decibel , The Qontinent , Defqon.1 , X-Qlusive : D-Block & S-te-Fan and Thrillogy . Headhunterz also had a major tour of the USA and Mexico visiting 18 cities along the way and also performed at the first Mysteryland to be held outside of the Netherlands , in Chile . 2012-2015 : Sacrifice & Ultra Records . In 2012 Headhunterz released his second studio album Sacrifice on 15 March . The 10 track album was the culmination of work done in 2011 and Headhunterz donated all profits to Dance4Life , an international initiative that mobilises and unite young people ( 13–19 years old ) to push back the spread of HIV/AIDS . The album was a collection of new tracks , edits and collaborations . Amongst the track list were standouts , Dragonborn , a previous freely released track inspired by the game , featuring the popular FUS RO DAH sample . Doomed , a track that was produced in response to the significant criticism of his musical direction and track The Message is Hardstyle , feature lyrics that make light of the many haters that feature on an artists web blog . Other highlights were the early hardstyle inspired , Back In the Days , the 2012 Hardbass Anthem , Eternalize and a collaboration with Psyko Punkz , Disrespect . Along with Sacrifice , Headhunterz recorded and released a number of remixes for popular house artists stating , Doing remixes for other genres makes so much more sense than remixing stuff in your own genre...it gave me a whole different approach in producing hardstyle and I hope the same fans will benefit from that . He had his first song release on Ultra Music with one such remix , Lessons in Love by Kaskade . He remixed the Hardwell song , Spaceman which saw a release on Hardwells Revealed Recordings . Two remixes for German House producer , Zedd , Spectrum was released for free through Headhunterzs social media and Clarity ( Feat . Foxes ) was released on the Clarity Remixes EP released through Interscope Records . Lastly , he remixed Nicky Romeros popular 2011 track Toulouse . All these remixes proved to be incredibly popular and increased his exposure outside of Hardstyle , being played by many House DJs in their sets . Headhunterz , in collaboration with Wildstylez and Noisecontrollers , produced the 2012 Defqon.1 Anthem for the Dutch edition of the popular festival . World of Madness was released on 16 August with the intro of the song featuring elements of the three previous Defqon.1 Anthems that the three had produced consecutively , Scrap Attack in 2009 by Headhunterz , No Time To Waste in 2010 by Wildstylez and Unite in 2011 by Noisecontrollers . Headhunterz again climbed up the ranking in DJ Mags top 100 DJ list , coming in at 11th reflecting the further influence hardstyle was having within the dance music scene . In October 2012 Headhunterz hosted and performed at another Q-Dance showcase event Q-Dance presents : Headhunterz - HARDwithSTYLE . Held at the newly opened Ziggo Dome in Amsterdam , the event was a sellout featuring artists such as Code Black , Adrenalize , Isaac , Ran-D and Adaro who all had featured prominently on the HARDwithSTYLE podcast since its beginning . Along with this Headhunterz performed at both the Australian and Netherlands editions of Defqon.1 , both editions of Mysteryland , The Qontinent , Tomorrowland , Electric Daisy Carnival , Q-Dance Presents : Scantraxx 10 Years , Reverse and X-Qlusive : Noisecontrollers . In February 2013 , Headhunterz signed with major dance music label Ultra Music . The signing was a landmark in Hardstyle reflecting the growth of the genre both inside the Netherlands and internationally , growth of which Headhunterz had been at the forefront of . Speaking on his signing , Headhunterz stated : On 30 August , Headhunterz had his first official solo release on Ultra Music with his track , Colors ( Feat . TaTu ) . It entered the Dutch iTunes Top 100 at number 5 and number 2 under the dance category . A remix of Colors by trap group Yellow Claw followed , also released on Ultra Music . In November he had his second release , the collaboration with fellow label artist , Krewella for their track United Kids of the World . The track was launched in November by Ultra Music in partnership with DoSomething.org , a non-profit organization with the goal of motivating young people to take action around social changes , with a campaign focusing on the problems of cyberbullying . Along with his signing to Ultra Music , Headhunterz launched his own record label HARDwithSTYLE Records . Not connected to Ultra , the label focuses on promoting the harder styles of dance music from both established artists and new , fresh talent . The label aims to be as non-restrictive as possible , Different from the standards in our scene thus far , we are not being restrictive with the artists who give the label music . We want to sign singles , no options , no commitments other than artists giving us great music we love and we push , no agenda , no-nonsense , no bullshit . Just music . For artists who have contracts with other record labels , no problem , if your label will give you a pass then we would love to have a record from you . The first release on HARDwithSTYLE was The Leaked EP by Headhunterz , featuring tracks Reignite , with vocals from Malukah and The Power of Music , a track which Headhunterz rates as one of his best and most complete tracks of his career . Headhunterz first release for 2014 , Breakout , is his first collaboration with Australian Hardstyle artist , Audiofreq and was released in March . In the Spring of 2014 , Rebergen announced he was working with Breda Duo , W&W . Rebergen then released Shocker a 132 BPM track with Hardstyle kicks and synths and choppy vocals faced with W&Ws image of house . When W&W performed at Tomorrowland they brought Headhunterz as a guest and they played Shocker and premiered another song . The other song was released in November 2014 and the title was called We Control the Sound . The message in We Control the Sound states There is nothing wrong with your sound system . Do Not Attempt to adjust the Volume . In late December , The Worlds #1 DJ Hardwell announced he would be working on a track with Rebergen for his album United We Are the track was called Nothing Can Hold Us Down . The track also featured Dutch vocalist Haris , and the track ended with Hardstyle Kicks and a 138 BPM variation on the drop . Rebergen announced he was also working with Rotterdam Deep House artist , Oliver Heldens . Rebergen is currently in the studio with Dyro which fans name their track Cyborg . Besides this , he premiered a new solo track on Slam fm radio show Bij Igmar . Despite the negative response of his fanbase , Rebergen commits to his creative freedom and heads for a new direction . In September , the Origins project kicks off on his HARDwithSTYLE label , a collection of 8 years worth of Headhunterz classics . 2015 : Creative Freedom . Early 2015 , Headhunterz goes on a 6-week North-America tour , as part of Steve Aokis Neon Future Experience Tour . Once Again , Headhunterz solo track , gets released on Hardwells Revealed Recordings and the Headhunterz remix of Armin van Buuren featuring Mr . Probz - Another You is released on Armada Music . At Ultra Music Festival in Miami , Steve Aoki invites Headhunterz on stage to premiere their collaboration , yet to be released . Headhunterz collab with Crystal Lake , Live Your Life , is released on Spinnin Records in May and reaches #3 in Beatports overall charts . In interviews , Headhunterz says that his changes in style have to do with him claiming his creative freedom . Despite committing to his creative freedom , he continued to play hardstyle in his sets . On 26 June 2016 , Rebergen made a surprise appearance at Defqon.1 2016 , alongside Technoboy and The Prophet . The reaction from the crowd left him emotional and he has promised to never forget his roots . That same day , Headhunterz and KSHMR released Dharma on Spinnin Records . Ending 2016 , Headhunterz returned with Wildstylez as Project One and played some new tracks at Qlimax 2016 and Knockout Circuz in Australia . 2017 : Return To Hardstyle Roots . In late June , Headhunterz returned to red mainstage of Defqon.1 in the Netherlands as the track ‘Sacrifice’ was playing on stage his he made a speech and also made a post that had claimed that hed return to hardstyle , announcing that it was impossible why he had left the hardstyle scene . 2018 : Art of Creation , The Return of Headhunterz . On 2 February 2018 Headhunterz announced the inception of his new label in collaboration with Wildstylez , Art of Creation . The label is described as a dynamic platform where years of experience , friendship , talent and passion come together and spark new inspiration on the pursuit for quality and greatness in music . Headhunterz released his third studio album titled The Return of Headhunterz on 2 March 2018 , which was dubbed as his return to hardstyle production by Dancing Astronaut . Filmography . Voice-Over ( dubbing ) . Rebergen frequently dubs English-language films and TV series into Dutch . Discography . - Headhunterz & Wildstylez Presents : Project 1 ( 2008 ) - Studio Sessions ( 2010 ) - Sacrifice ( 2012 ) - The Return of Headhunterz ( 2018 ) External links . - Official homepage - Instagram
|
[
"Scantraxx Special",
"Scantraxx Reloaded"
] |
[
{
"text": " Willem Rebergen ( born 12 September 1985 ) , better known by his stage name Headhunterz , is a Dutch DJ and music producer . Rebergen is also a voice actor . He has done dubbing for several movies and TV series . He started his career in 2005 working on Hardstyle music . Headhunterz has performed at Qlimax , Defqon.1 , Q-Base , In Qontrol , Decibel , Hard Bass , Electric Daisy Carnival and Tomorrowland .",
"title": "Headhunterz"
},
{
"text": "Headhunterz released his work on Scantraxx through his own sub-label , Scantraxx Reloaded , but in 2013 he started his own record label , HARD with STYLE . He signed with the North American electronic dance record label Ultra Music in 2013 and left his own label in 2015 . Since June 2017 , he officially returned to the Hardstyle community at the closing ceremony of Defqon.1 Weekend Festival 2017 .",
"title": "Headhunterz"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , Headhunterz and fellow DJ Wildstylez , developed a brand new Hardstyle label , called : Art of Creation .",
"title": "Headhunterz"
},
{
"text": "Willem Rebergen was born on 12 September 1985 in Veenendaal , Netherlands . From an early age Rebergen had an interest in music . Having struggled with bullying at school , Rebergen looked for a distraction to make himself happy and so joined a local kids choir . Here he had his first exposure to a professional studio , recording Christmas albums with the choir . This experience left Rebergen interested and inspired by the process of creating music from the other side of the studio . In 2003 , while working at a clothing store he was offered tickets",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "to Qlimax from friends who could not attend . This was his first exposure to hardstyle music . This experience gave him the impetus to forge a music career and in his own words from then on he was devoted to hardstyle and from that point interested in how to make the music . I wanted to make that kind of music .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " He purchased some turntables and connected them to his mixer practicing his DJing , while simultaneously making music in FL Studio , a digital audio workstation . Rebergen began sending demos out to labels under the alias Nasty D-Tuners , a duo project he formed with close friend Bobby van Putten . In 2004 Nasty D-Tuners entered and won the Defqon.1 DJ contest , winning a spot on that years lineup .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Rebergen and van Putten heard of a new hard dance music label Hardcontrol , that was opening in Veenendaal . In 2005 , a year and a half after their performance at Defqon 2004 , Nasty D-Tuners were signed to Hardcontrol Records having two successful releases , with their work being played by then major Hardstyle producers/DJs . Also in 2005 , Rebergen and van Putten began attending a DJ class at the Rock Academy in the Netherlands . Rebergen found his time at the academy frustrating , due to a lack of encouragement towards producing Hardstyle and negative responses",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "to the genre as a whole . Alienated by his experience at the Academy , Rebergen continued to send out Nasty D-Tuners demos to respective labels , one eventually reaching Scantraxx founder , Dov Elkabas ( The Prophet ) . Seeing promise in the young duo , having heard of their performance at Defqon.1 , Nasty D-Tuners were signed to Scantraxx in late 2005 . Unable to keep the alias Nasty D-Tuners due to disagreements with the former label , the name Headhunterz was chosen . By the end of 2005 , Rebergen and van Putten had performed at major",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "hardstyle events including Defqon.1 , Q-Base and The Prophets X-Qlusive , all of which increased their profile within the Hardstyle scene .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "The year 2006 saw the first Headhunterz release Aiming for Your Brain/ Left Some Answers , on Scantraxx Special . Their debut release was followed by The Sacrifice/D-Tuned , again on Scantraxx Special . The Sacrifice was the duos most successful hit to date , Rebergen since stating his fond memories of the positive reception that The Prophet gave him the first time he heard it . Problems soon began to emerge when Rebergen came to the conclusion that he would be unable to perform and record for Scantraxx while simultaneously completing his course at the Rock Academy . Rebergen",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "told van Putten of his decision to leave the Academy and hoped he would join and commit himself to Headhunterz and Scantraxx . van Putten then made the difficult decision to leave Rebergen , Scantraxx and Headhunterz and continue with his musical studies at the Rock Academy . Rebergens first solo performance as Headhunterz was the 2006 edition of the Q-Dance event , Defqon.1 . Following the final release of van Putten credited Headhunterz work , Scantraxx gave Rebergen his own sub label Scantraxx Reloaded which he would administer . Headhunterz first release on Scantraxx Reloaded was the three track",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Vinyl EP Victim of My Rage released in late 2006 . The Prophet continued to nurture the young talent , inviting Headhunterz to perform alongside him at the popular annual Q-Dance event , Qlimax .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "The year 2007 proved to be a successful year for Headhunterz . He had his first collaborations with fellow Scantraxx artists The Prophet and Abject ( DJ Frontliner ) . Along with the collaborations Headhunterz also released several successful solo tracks such as Forever Az One and Rock Civilization . Headhunterz then performed at the 2007 editions of Q-Base and Qlimax . He then created his first major anthem for the 2007 edition of Qlimax , The Power of the Mind . Headhunterz then had his first solo performance at Qlimax and played alongside DJs who he admired , Technoboy",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "and The Prophet .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , Headhunterz had his first collaboration with fellow Scantraxx artist Wildstylez . Their First song Blame It On the Music / Project 1 released in March and proved a success . It also provided the impetus for the launch of a new project and debut album for the pair , Project One . Finishing in under three months , producing an average of one track a week , Headhunterz and Wildstylez completed their 13 track debut album , Headhunterz & Wildstylez Present : Project One . The album was planned to debut at In Qontrol in a special",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "one-hour set , showcasing the album . This performance was cancelled when Headhunterz suffered appendicitis . The Album debuted at Defqon.1 2008 , and was officially released shortly after in both CD and Digital formats on 25 July with Dutch graphical designer , Ruud van Eijk providing the artwork . Project One was well received in the Hardstyle community with tracks such as Life Beyond Earth , The Art of Creation , The Story Unfolds , Best of Both Worlds and Fantasy or Reality all proving to be successes on the dance floor . The Album was a defining influence",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "on the direction Hardstyle would take in the years to come , with its emphasis on synth based trance influenced melodies and heavy use of pitched kicks . A Project One Tour followed along with 6 full-length album samplers and 1 remix sampler , all released on Scantraxx Reloaded . Along with Project One , Headhunterz had three solo releases that included popular tracks Just Say My Name , Subsonic and Reloaded Part 2 all on Scantraxx Reloaded , along with a first collaboration with Italian Hardstyle DJ Tatanka , Call It Music .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "2009 saw Headhunterz release seven new singles/EPs . Amongst these releases was the 2009 Defqon.1 Anthem , Scrap Attack . This opportunity to create the anthem , saw Headhunterz close the Mainstage of Defqon.1 for the first time . Speaking about the moment , Headhunterz stated that he achieved one of his long-term goals within Hardstyle that night and felt complete happiness . Along with the anthem , 2009 was a notable year in regards to collaborations for Headhunterz . He again teamed up with Wildstylez and along with Noisecontrollers created the incredibly popular anthem Tonight . In the Q-Dance",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "harder styles top 1000 poll held in late 2013 , Tonight was voted into second place . The Summer of Hardstyle , made with The Prophet , proved to be an instant hit at events . Gaining inspiration from older Hardstyle DJ , Zenith , the track was a break from recent Headhunterz work with its emphasis on Reverse bass and simple scratching sounds from vinyl . The Project One Tour reached its finale with a first time visit to Australia . The duo making multiple appearances at the final editions of Transmission , a popular music event that was",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "held in Sydney and Brisbane .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " 2010 reflected Headhunterz and Hardstyles growing popularity around the world , in his own words 2010 was a year where my international bookings overtook my national ones .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "At the beginning of 2010 , Headhunterz was offered the chance to host his own X-Qlusive . Held on 30 January at the Heineken Music Hall , Amsterdam , X-Qlusive:Headhunterz featured Wildstylez , The Prophet , Noisecontrollers and Brennan Heart joining Headhunterz on the main stage . Headhunterz described X-Qlusive as the highlight of 2010 as It was an amazing night - a milestone in my career and personal life . I could have never imagined getting so far . In the buildup to X-Qlusive , Headhunterz revealed he was planning the release of his first studio album , Studio",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Sessions . Released on 8 March , Studio Sessions was a 15 track album containing a mixture of new unreleased tracks , collaborations , edits of older Headhunterz tracks and remixes done by Headhunterz and others . The Album release was followed by a world tour visiting The United States , Australia , Russia , Canada and many performances across the Netherlands . For the second year in a row , Headhunterz was asked to make a Defqon.1 Anthem , this time for the Australian edition , Save Your Scrap for Victory . Along with the anthem , Headhunterz other",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "releases in 2010 was the psychedelic EP , which featured the popular title track along with Dreamcatcher and Emptiness and an EP with Noisecontrollers .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " 2010 also saw Headhunterz make his first appearance in DJ Mags yearly top 100 DJ list , coming in at 36th , the highest Hardstyle DJ in the list . It was the first year Hardstyle artists were featured on the top 100 with Noisecontrollers , D-Block & S-te-Fan and Showtek all ranking in the top 100 alongside Headhunterz .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "At the beginning of 2011 Headhunterz was recognized for his achievements in the past year at the 8th annual Hard Dance Awards , claiming best European hard dance DJ , best international DJ and best track , Psychedelic . Speaking on social media he stated “Thanks so much for all the nice congrats . I cant describe how good it feels to get so much recognition for my work . Respect to all of you!” . 2011 saw the start of the monthly podcast , HARDwithSTYLE . First released on 27 May 2011 through iTunes , SoundCloud and YouTube ,",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "the hour-long podcast was promoted with the tagline Bringing you the music that comes from within ! and was aimed at showcasing Headhunterzs favorite tracks of the month , from both established and up and coming producers . With many unheard and new tracks getting their first broadcast on HARDwithSTYLE , the podcast quickly become one of the most popular electronic music podcasts . Headhunterz again was ranked in DJ Mags yearly top 100 DJs list , coming in at 17th , the highest of any Hardstyle DJ and confirming his place as one of the most sought after Hardstyle",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "DJs . 2011 had significantly less releases from Headhunterz compared to past years mainly due to a large amount of time and effort being put into what would become his 3rd studio album which was planned for a release in 2012 . Nevertheless , Headhunterz had his last solo release on Scantraxx Reloaded , with the EP From Within / The Message is Hardstyle . The Message Is Hardstyle had a mixed reception , many disliking the track due its soft kicks and perceived ironic lyrics given the nature of the song . The track Make it Loud ( Headhunterz",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Remix ) popular for its reverse bass intro , also finally gained a release on Blutonium Records . Headhunterz also had many notable performances in 2011 , performing at Decibel , The Qontinent , Defqon.1 , X-Qlusive : D-Block & S-te-Fan and Thrillogy . Headhunterz also had a major tour of the USA and Mexico visiting 18 cities along the way and also performed at the first Mysteryland to be held outside of the Netherlands , in Chile .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 Headhunterz released his second studio album Sacrifice on 15 March . The 10 track album was the culmination of work done in 2011 and Headhunterz donated all profits to Dance4Life , an international initiative that mobilises and unite young people ( 13–19 years old ) to push back the spread of HIV/AIDS . The album was a collection of new tracks , edits and collaborations . Amongst the track list were standouts , Dragonborn , a previous freely released track inspired by the game , featuring the popular FUS RO DAH sample . Doomed , a track that",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "was produced in response to the significant criticism of his musical direction and track The Message is Hardstyle , feature lyrics that make light of the many haters that feature on an artists web blog . Other highlights were the early hardstyle inspired , Back In the Days , the 2012 Hardbass Anthem , Eternalize and a collaboration with Psyko Punkz , Disrespect .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Along with Sacrifice , Headhunterz recorded and released a number of remixes for popular house artists stating , Doing remixes for other genres makes so much more sense than remixing stuff in your own genre...it gave me a whole different approach in producing hardstyle and I hope the same fans will benefit from that . He had his first song release on Ultra Music with one such remix , Lessons in Love by Kaskade . He remixed the Hardwell song , Spaceman which saw a release on Hardwells Revealed Recordings . Two remixes for German House producer , Zedd ,",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Spectrum was released for free through Headhunterzs social media and Clarity ( Feat . Foxes ) was released on the Clarity Remixes EP released through Interscope Records . Lastly , he remixed Nicky Romeros popular 2011 track Toulouse . All these remixes proved to be incredibly popular and increased his exposure outside of Hardstyle , being played by many House DJs in their sets .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Headhunterz , in collaboration with Wildstylez and Noisecontrollers , produced the 2012 Defqon.1 Anthem for the Dutch edition of the popular festival . World of Madness was released on 16 August with the intro of the song featuring elements of the three previous Defqon.1 Anthems that the three had produced consecutively , Scrap Attack in 2009 by Headhunterz , No Time To Waste in 2010 by Wildstylez and Unite in 2011 by Noisecontrollers .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Headhunterz again climbed up the ranking in DJ Mags top 100 DJ list , coming in at 11th reflecting the further influence hardstyle was having within the dance music scene . In October 2012 Headhunterz hosted and performed at another Q-Dance showcase event Q-Dance presents : Headhunterz - HARDwithSTYLE . Held at the newly opened Ziggo Dome in Amsterdam , the event was a sellout featuring artists such as Code Black , Adrenalize , Isaac , Ran-D and Adaro who all had featured prominently on the HARDwithSTYLE podcast since its beginning . Along with this Headhunterz performed at both the",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Australian and Netherlands editions of Defqon.1 , both editions of Mysteryland , The Qontinent , Tomorrowland , Electric Daisy Carnival , Q-Dance Presents : Scantraxx 10 Years , Reverse and X-Qlusive : Noisecontrollers .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In February 2013 , Headhunterz signed with major dance music label Ultra Music . The signing was a landmark in Hardstyle reflecting the growth of the genre both inside the Netherlands and internationally , growth of which Headhunterz had been at the forefront of . Speaking on his signing , Headhunterz stated :",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "On 30 August , Headhunterz had his first official solo release on Ultra Music with his track , Colors ( Feat . TaTu ) . It entered the Dutch iTunes Top 100 at number 5 and number 2 under the dance category . A remix of Colors by trap group Yellow Claw followed , also released on Ultra Music . In November he had his second release , the collaboration with fellow label artist , Krewella for their track United Kids of the World . The track was launched in November by Ultra Music in partnership with DoSomething.org , a",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "non-profit organization with the goal of motivating young people to take action around social changes , with a campaign focusing on the problems of cyberbullying .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Along with his signing to Ultra Music , Headhunterz launched his own record label HARDwithSTYLE Records . Not connected to Ultra , the label focuses on promoting the harder styles of dance music from both established artists and new , fresh talent . The label aims to be as non-restrictive as possible , Different from the standards in our scene thus far , we are not being restrictive with the artists who give the label music . We want to sign singles , no options , no commitments other than artists giving us great music we love and we push",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ", no agenda , no-nonsense , no bullshit . Just music . For artists who have contracts with other record labels , no problem , if your label will give you a pass then we would love to have a record from you . The first release on HARDwithSTYLE was The Leaked EP by Headhunterz , featuring tracks Reignite , with vocals from Malukah and The Power of Music , a track which Headhunterz rates as one of his best and most complete tracks of his career .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Headhunterz first release for 2014 , Breakout , is his first collaboration with Australian Hardstyle artist , Audiofreq and was released in March . In the Spring of 2014 , Rebergen announced he was working with Breda Duo , W&W . Rebergen then released Shocker a 132 BPM track with Hardstyle kicks and synths and choppy vocals faced with W&Ws image of house . When W&W performed at Tomorrowland they brought Headhunterz as a guest and they played Shocker and premiered another song . The other song was released in November 2014 and the title was called We Control the",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Sound . The message in We Control the Sound states There is nothing wrong with your sound system . Do Not Attempt to adjust the Volume . In late December , The Worlds #1 DJ Hardwell announced he would be working on a track with Rebergen for his album United We Are the track was called Nothing Can Hold Us Down . The track also featured Dutch vocalist Haris , and the track ended with Hardstyle Kicks and a 138 BPM variation on the drop . Rebergen announced he was also working with Rotterdam Deep House artist , Oliver Heldens",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ". Rebergen is currently in the studio with Dyro which fans name their track Cyborg . Besides this , he premiered a new solo track on Slam fm radio show Bij Igmar .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Despite the negative response of his fanbase , Rebergen commits to his creative freedom and heads for a new direction . In September , the Origins project kicks off on his HARDwithSTYLE label , a collection of 8 years worth of Headhunterz classics . 2015 : Creative Freedom .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Early 2015 , Headhunterz goes on a 6-week North-America tour , as part of Steve Aokis Neon Future Experience Tour . Once Again , Headhunterz solo track , gets released on Hardwells Revealed Recordings and the Headhunterz remix of Armin van Buuren featuring Mr . Probz - Another You is released on Armada Music . At Ultra Music Festival in Miami , Steve Aoki invites Headhunterz on stage to premiere their collaboration , yet to be released . Headhunterz collab with Crystal Lake , Live Your Life , is released on Spinnin Records in May and reaches #3 in Beatports",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "overall charts .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In interviews , Headhunterz says that his changes in style have to do with him claiming his creative freedom . Despite committing to his creative freedom , he continued to play hardstyle in his sets . On 26 June 2016 , Rebergen made a surprise appearance at Defqon.1 2016 , alongside Technoboy and The Prophet . The reaction from the crowd left him emotional and he has promised to never forget his roots . That same day , Headhunterz and KSHMR released Dharma on Spinnin Records .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Ending 2016 , Headhunterz returned with Wildstylez as Project One and played some new tracks at Qlimax 2016 and Knockout Circuz in Australia .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " 2017 : Return To Hardstyle Roots . In late June , Headhunterz returned to red mainstage of Defqon.1 in the Netherlands as the track ‘Sacrifice’ was playing on stage his he made a speech and also made a post that had claimed that hed return to hardstyle , announcing that it was impossible why he had left the hardstyle scene . 2018 : Art of Creation , The Return of Headhunterz .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "On 2 February 2018 Headhunterz announced the inception of his new label in collaboration with Wildstylez , Art of Creation . The label is described as a dynamic platform where years of experience , friendship , talent and passion come together and spark new inspiration on the pursuit for quality and greatness in music .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Headhunterz released his third studio album titled The Return of Headhunterz on 2 March 2018 , which was dubbed as his return to hardstyle production by Dancing Astronaut .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Voice-Over ( dubbing ) . Rebergen frequently dubs English-language films and TV series into Dutch .",
"title": "Filmography"
},
{
"text": " - Headhunterz & Wildstylez Presents : Project 1 ( 2008 ) - Studio Sessions ( 2010 ) - Sacrifice ( 2012 ) - The Return of Headhunterz ( 2018 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Official homepage - Instagram",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Headhunterz#P264#1
|
What was the record label of Headhunterz between Nov 2015 and Dec 2016?
|
Headhunterz Willem Rebergen ( born 12 September 1985 ) , better known by his stage name Headhunterz , is a Dutch DJ and music producer . Rebergen is also a voice actor . He has done dubbing for several movies and TV series . He started his career in 2005 working on Hardstyle music . Headhunterz has performed at Qlimax , Defqon.1 , Q-Base , In Qontrol , Decibel , Hard Bass , Electric Daisy Carnival and Tomorrowland . Headhunterz released his work on Scantraxx through his own sub-label , Scantraxx Reloaded , but in 2013 he started his own record label , HARD with STYLE . He signed with the North American electronic dance record label Ultra Music in 2013 and left his own label in 2015 . Since June 2017 , he officially returned to the Hardstyle community at the closing ceremony of Defqon.1 Weekend Festival 2017 . In 2018 , Headhunterz and fellow DJ Wildstylez , developed a brand new Hardstyle label , called : Art of Creation . Biography . Early life & career . Willem Rebergen was born on 12 September 1985 in Veenendaal , Netherlands . From an early age Rebergen had an interest in music . Having struggled with bullying at school , Rebergen looked for a distraction to make himself happy and so joined a local kids choir . Here he had his first exposure to a professional studio , recording Christmas albums with the choir . This experience left Rebergen interested and inspired by the process of creating music from the other side of the studio . In 2003 , while working at a clothing store he was offered tickets to Qlimax from friends who could not attend . This was his first exposure to hardstyle music . This experience gave him the impetus to forge a music career and in his own words from then on he was devoted to hardstyle and from that point interested in how to make the music . I wanted to make that kind of music . He purchased some turntables and connected them to his mixer practicing his DJing , while simultaneously making music in FL Studio , a digital audio workstation . Rebergen began sending demos out to labels under the alias Nasty D-Tuners , a duo project he formed with close friend Bobby van Putten . In 2004 Nasty D-Tuners entered and won the Defqon.1 DJ contest , winning a spot on that years lineup . Rebergen and van Putten heard of a new hard dance music label Hardcontrol , that was opening in Veenendaal . In 2005 , a year and a half after their performance at Defqon 2004 , Nasty D-Tuners were signed to Hardcontrol Records having two successful releases , with their work being played by then major Hardstyle producers/DJs . Also in 2005 , Rebergen and van Putten began attending a DJ class at the Rock Academy in the Netherlands . Rebergen found his time at the academy frustrating , due to a lack of encouragement towards producing Hardstyle and negative responses to the genre as a whole . Alienated by his experience at the Academy , Rebergen continued to send out Nasty D-Tuners demos to respective labels , one eventually reaching Scantraxx founder , Dov Elkabas ( The Prophet ) . Seeing promise in the young duo , having heard of their performance at Defqon.1 , Nasty D-Tuners were signed to Scantraxx in late 2005 . Unable to keep the alias Nasty D-Tuners due to disagreements with the former label , the name Headhunterz was chosen . By the end of 2005 , Rebergen and van Putten had performed at major hardstyle events including Defqon.1 , Q-Base and The Prophets X-Qlusive , all of which increased their profile within the Hardstyle scene . 2006-2007 : Scantraxx & the beginning of Headhunterz . The year 2006 saw the first Headhunterz release Aiming for Your Brain/ Left Some Answers , on Scantraxx Special . Their debut release was followed by The Sacrifice/D-Tuned , again on Scantraxx Special . The Sacrifice was the duos most successful hit to date , Rebergen since stating his fond memories of the positive reception that The Prophet gave him the first time he heard it . Problems soon began to emerge when Rebergen came to the conclusion that he would be unable to perform and record for Scantraxx while simultaneously completing his course at the Rock Academy . Rebergen told van Putten of his decision to leave the Academy and hoped he would join and commit himself to Headhunterz and Scantraxx . van Putten then made the difficult decision to leave Rebergen , Scantraxx and Headhunterz and continue with his musical studies at the Rock Academy . Rebergens first solo performance as Headhunterz was the 2006 edition of the Q-Dance event , Defqon.1 . Following the final release of van Putten credited Headhunterz work , Scantraxx gave Rebergen his own sub label Scantraxx Reloaded which he would administer . Headhunterz first release on Scantraxx Reloaded was the three track Vinyl EP Victim of My Rage released in late 2006 . The Prophet continued to nurture the young talent , inviting Headhunterz to perform alongside him at the popular annual Q-Dance event , Qlimax . The year 2007 proved to be a successful year for Headhunterz . He had his first collaborations with fellow Scantraxx artists The Prophet and Abject ( DJ Frontliner ) . Along with the collaborations Headhunterz also released several successful solo tracks such as Forever Az One and Rock Civilization . Headhunterz then performed at the 2007 editions of Q-Base and Qlimax . He then created his first major anthem for the 2007 edition of Qlimax , The Power of the Mind . Headhunterz then had his first solo performance at Qlimax and played alongside DJs who he admired , Technoboy and The Prophet . 2008 : Headhunterz & Wildstylez Presents : Project One . In 2008 , Headhunterz had his first collaboration with fellow Scantraxx artist Wildstylez . Their First song Blame It On the Music / Project 1 released in March and proved a success . It also provided the impetus for the launch of a new project and debut album for the pair , Project One . Finishing in under three months , producing an average of one track a week , Headhunterz and Wildstylez completed their 13 track debut album , Headhunterz & Wildstylez Present : Project One . The album was planned to debut at In Qontrol in a special one-hour set , showcasing the album . This performance was cancelled when Headhunterz suffered appendicitis . The Album debuted at Defqon.1 2008 , and was officially released shortly after in both CD and Digital formats on 25 July with Dutch graphical designer , Ruud van Eijk providing the artwork . Project One was well received in the Hardstyle community with tracks such as Life Beyond Earth , The Art of Creation , The Story Unfolds , Best of Both Worlds and Fantasy or Reality all proving to be successes on the dance floor . The Album was a defining influence on the direction Hardstyle would take in the years to come , with its emphasis on synth based trance influenced melodies and heavy use of pitched kicks . A Project One Tour followed along with 6 full-length album samplers and 1 remix sampler , all released on Scantraxx Reloaded . Along with Project One , Headhunterz had three solo releases that included popular tracks Just Say My Name , Subsonic and Reloaded Part 2 all on Scantraxx Reloaded , along with a first collaboration with Italian Hardstyle DJ Tatanka , Call It Music . 2009-2011 : Studio Sessions & HARDwithSTYLE . 2009 saw Headhunterz release seven new singles/EPs . Amongst these releases was the 2009 Defqon.1 Anthem , Scrap Attack . This opportunity to create the anthem , saw Headhunterz close the Mainstage of Defqon.1 for the first time . Speaking about the moment , Headhunterz stated that he achieved one of his long-term goals within Hardstyle that night and felt complete happiness . Along with the anthem , 2009 was a notable year in regards to collaborations for Headhunterz . He again teamed up with Wildstylez and along with Noisecontrollers created the incredibly popular anthem Tonight . In the Q-Dance harder styles top 1000 poll held in late 2013 , Tonight was voted into second place . The Summer of Hardstyle , made with The Prophet , proved to be an instant hit at events . Gaining inspiration from older Hardstyle DJ , Zenith , the track was a break from recent Headhunterz work with its emphasis on Reverse bass and simple scratching sounds from vinyl . The Project One Tour reached its finale with a first time visit to Australia . The duo making multiple appearances at the final editions of Transmission , a popular music event that was held in Sydney and Brisbane . 2010 reflected Headhunterz and Hardstyles growing popularity around the world , in his own words 2010 was a year where my international bookings overtook my national ones . At the beginning of 2010 , Headhunterz was offered the chance to host his own X-Qlusive . Held on 30 January at the Heineken Music Hall , Amsterdam , X-Qlusive:Headhunterz featured Wildstylez , The Prophet , Noisecontrollers and Brennan Heart joining Headhunterz on the main stage . Headhunterz described X-Qlusive as the highlight of 2010 as It was an amazing night - a milestone in my career and personal life . I could have never imagined getting so far . In the buildup to X-Qlusive , Headhunterz revealed he was planning the release of his first studio album , Studio Sessions . Released on 8 March , Studio Sessions was a 15 track album containing a mixture of new unreleased tracks , collaborations , edits of older Headhunterz tracks and remixes done by Headhunterz and others . The Album release was followed by a world tour visiting The United States , Australia , Russia , Canada and many performances across the Netherlands . For the second year in a row , Headhunterz was asked to make a Defqon.1 Anthem , this time for the Australian edition , Save Your Scrap for Victory . Along with the anthem , Headhunterz other releases in 2010 was the psychedelic EP , which featured the popular title track along with Dreamcatcher and Emptiness and an EP with Noisecontrollers . 2010 also saw Headhunterz make his first appearance in DJ Mags yearly top 100 DJ list , coming in at 36th , the highest Hardstyle DJ in the list . It was the first year Hardstyle artists were featured on the top 100 with Noisecontrollers , D-Block & S-te-Fan and Showtek all ranking in the top 100 alongside Headhunterz . At the beginning of 2011 Headhunterz was recognized for his achievements in the past year at the 8th annual Hard Dance Awards , claiming best European hard dance DJ , best international DJ and best track , Psychedelic . Speaking on social media he stated “Thanks so much for all the nice congrats . I cant describe how good it feels to get so much recognition for my work . Respect to all of you!” . 2011 saw the start of the monthly podcast , HARDwithSTYLE . First released on 27 May 2011 through iTunes , SoundCloud and YouTube , the hour-long podcast was promoted with the tagline Bringing you the music that comes from within ! and was aimed at showcasing Headhunterzs favorite tracks of the month , from both established and up and coming producers . With many unheard and new tracks getting their first broadcast on HARDwithSTYLE , the podcast quickly become one of the most popular electronic music podcasts . Headhunterz again was ranked in DJ Mags yearly top 100 DJs list , coming in at 17th , the highest of any Hardstyle DJ and confirming his place as one of the most sought after Hardstyle DJs . 2011 had significantly less releases from Headhunterz compared to past years mainly due to a large amount of time and effort being put into what would become his 3rd studio album which was planned for a release in 2012 . Nevertheless , Headhunterz had his last solo release on Scantraxx Reloaded , with the EP From Within / The Message is Hardstyle . The Message Is Hardstyle had a mixed reception , many disliking the track due its soft kicks and perceived ironic lyrics given the nature of the song . The track Make it Loud ( Headhunterz Remix ) popular for its reverse bass intro , also finally gained a release on Blutonium Records . Headhunterz also had many notable performances in 2011 , performing at Decibel , The Qontinent , Defqon.1 , X-Qlusive : D-Block & S-te-Fan and Thrillogy . Headhunterz also had a major tour of the USA and Mexico visiting 18 cities along the way and also performed at the first Mysteryland to be held outside of the Netherlands , in Chile . 2012-2015 : Sacrifice & Ultra Records . In 2012 Headhunterz released his second studio album Sacrifice on 15 March . The 10 track album was the culmination of work done in 2011 and Headhunterz donated all profits to Dance4Life , an international initiative that mobilises and unite young people ( 13–19 years old ) to push back the spread of HIV/AIDS . The album was a collection of new tracks , edits and collaborations . Amongst the track list were standouts , Dragonborn , a previous freely released track inspired by the game , featuring the popular FUS RO DAH sample . Doomed , a track that was produced in response to the significant criticism of his musical direction and track The Message is Hardstyle , feature lyrics that make light of the many haters that feature on an artists web blog . Other highlights were the early hardstyle inspired , Back In the Days , the 2012 Hardbass Anthem , Eternalize and a collaboration with Psyko Punkz , Disrespect . Along with Sacrifice , Headhunterz recorded and released a number of remixes for popular house artists stating , Doing remixes for other genres makes so much more sense than remixing stuff in your own genre...it gave me a whole different approach in producing hardstyle and I hope the same fans will benefit from that . He had his first song release on Ultra Music with one such remix , Lessons in Love by Kaskade . He remixed the Hardwell song , Spaceman which saw a release on Hardwells Revealed Recordings . Two remixes for German House producer , Zedd , Spectrum was released for free through Headhunterzs social media and Clarity ( Feat . Foxes ) was released on the Clarity Remixes EP released through Interscope Records . Lastly , he remixed Nicky Romeros popular 2011 track Toulouse . All these remixes proved to be incredibly popular and increased his exposure outside of Hardstyle , being played by many House DJs in their sets . Headhunterz , in collaboration with Wildstylez and Noisecontrollers , produced the 2012 Defqon.1 Anthem for the Dutch edition of the popular festival . World of Madness was released on 16 August with the intro of the song featuring elements of the three previous Defqon.1 Anthems that the three had produced consecutively , Scrap Attack in 2009 by Headhunterz , No Time To Waste in 2010 by Wildstylez and Unite in 2011 by Noisecontrollers . Headhunterz again climbed up the ranking in DJ Mags top 100 DJ list , coming in at 11th reflecting the further influence hardstyle was having within the dance music scene . In October 2012 Headhunterz hosted and performed at another Q-Dance showcase event Q-Dance presents : Headhunterz - HARDwithSTYLE . Held at the newly opened Ziggo Dome in Amsterdam , the event was a sellout featuring artists such as Code Black , Adrenalize , Isaac , Ran-D and Adaro who all had featured prominently on the HARDwithSTYLE podcast since its beginning . Along with this Headhunterz performed at both the Australian and Netherlands editions of Defqon.1 , both editions of Mysteryland , The Qontinent , Tomorrowland , Electric Daisy Carnival , Q-Dance Presents : Scantraxx 10 Years , Reverse and X-Qlusive : Noisecontrollers . In February 2013 , Headhunterz signed with major dance music label Ultra Music . The signing was a landmark in Hardstyle reflecting the growth of the genre both inside the Netherlands and internationally , growth of which Headhunterz had been at the forefront of . Speaking on his signing , Headhunterz stated : On 30 August , Headhunterz had his first official solo release on Ultra Music with his track , Colors ( Feat . TaTu ) . It entered the Dutch iTunes Top 100 at number 5 and number 2 under the dance category . A remix of Colors by trap group Yellow Claw followed , also released on Ultra Music . In November he had his second release , the collaboration with fellow label artist , Krewella for their track United Kids of the World . The track was launched in November by Ultra Music in partnership with DoSomething.org , a non-profit organization with the goal of motivating young people to take action around social changes , with a campaign focusing on the problems of cyberbullying . Along with his signing to Ultra Music , Headhunterz launched his own record label HARDwithSTYLE Records . Not connected to Ultra , the label focuses on promoting the harder styles of dance music from both established artists and new , fresh talent . The label aims to be as non-restrictive as possible , Different from the standards in our scene thus far , we are not being restrictive with the artists who give the label music . We want to sign singles , no options , no commitments other than artists giving us great music we love and we push , no agenda , no-nonsense , no bullshit . Just music . For artists who have contracts with other record labels , no problem , if your label will give you a pass then we would love to have a record from you . The first release on HARDwithSTYLE was The Leaked EP by Headhunterz , featuring tracks Reignite , with vocals from Malukah and The Power of Music , a track which Headhunterz rates as one of his best and most complete tracks of his career . Headhunterz first release for 2014 , Breakout , is his first collaboration with Australian Hardstyle artist , Audiofreq and was released in March . In the Spring of 2014 , Rebergen announced he was working with Breda Duo , W&W . Rebergen then released Shocker a 132 BPM track with Hardstyle kicks and synths and choppy vocals faced with W&Ws image of house . When W&W performed at Tomorrowland they brought Headhunterz as a guest and they played Shocker and premiered another song . The other song was released in November 2014 and the title was called We Control the Sound . The message in We Control the Sound states There is nothing wrong with your sound system . Do Not Attempt to adjust the Volume . In late December , The Worlds #1 DJ Hardwell announced he would be working on a track with Rebergen for his album United We Are the track was called Nothing Can Hold Us Down . The track also featured Dutch vocalist Haris , and the track ended with Hardstyle Kicks and a 138 BPM variation on the drop . Rebergen announced he was also working with Rotterdam Deep House artist , Oliver Heldens . Rebergen is currently in the studio with Dyro which fans name their track Cyborg . Besides this , he premiered a new solo track on Slam fm radio show Bij Igmar . Despite the negative response of his fanbase , Rebergen commits to his creative freedom and heads for a new direction . In September , the Origins project kicks off on his HARDwithSTYLE label , a collection of 8 years worth of Headhunterz classics . 2015 : Creative Freedom . Early 2015 , Headhunterz goes on a 6-week North-America tour , as part of Steve Aokis Neon Future Experience Tour . Once Again , Headhunterz solo track , gets released on Hardwells Revealed Recordings and the Headhunterz remix of Armin van Buuren featuring Mr . Probz - Another You is released on Armada Music . At Ultra Music Festival in Miami , Steve Aoki invites Headhunterz on stage to premiere their collaboration , yet to be released . Headhunterz collab with Crystal Lake , Live Your Life , is released on Spinnin Records in May and reaches #3 in Beatports overall charts . In interviews , Headhunterz says that his changes in style have to do with him claiming his creative freedom . Despite committing to his creative freedom , he continued to play hardstyle in his sets . On 26 June 2016 , Rebergen made a surprise appearance at Defqon.1 2016 , alongside Technoboy and The Prophet . The reaction from the crowd left him emotional and he has promised to never forget his roots . That same day , Headhunterz and KSHMR released Dharma on Spinnin Records . Ending 2016 , Headhunterz returned with Wildstylez as Project One and played some new tracks at Qlimax 2016 and Knockout Circuz in Australia . 2017 : Return To Hardstyle Roots . In late June , Headhunterz returned to red mainstage of Defqon.1 in the Netherlands as the track ‘Sacrifice’ was playing on stage his he made a speech and also made a post that had claimed that hed return to hardstyle , announcing that it was impossible why he had left the hardstyle scene . 2018 : Art of Creation , The Return of Headhunterz . On 2 February 2018 Headhunterz announced the inception of his new label in collaboration with Wildstylez , Art of Creation . The label is described as a dynamic platform where years of experience , friendship , talent and passion come together and spark new inspiration on the pursuit for quality and greatness in music . Headhunterz released his third studio album titled The Return of Headhunterz on 2 March 2018 , which was dubbed as his return to hardstyle production by Dancing Astronaut . Filmography . Voice-Over ( dubbing ) . Rebergen frequently dubs English-language films and TV series into Dutch . Discography . - Headhunterz & Wildstylez Presents : Project 1 ( 2008 ) - Studio Sessions ( 2010 ) - Sacrifice ( 2012 ) - The Return of Headhunterz ( 2018 ) External links . - Official homepage - Instagram
|
[
"Scantraxx Reloaded",
"Ultra Records",
"HARDwithSTYLE Records"
] |
[
{
"text": " Willem Rebergen ( born 12 September 1985 ) , better known by his stage name Headhunterz , is a Dutch DJ and music producer . Rebergen is also a voice actor . He has done dubbing for several movies and TV series . He started his career in 2005 working on Hardstyle music . Headhunterz has performed at Qlimax , Defqon.1 , Q-Base , In Qontrol , Decibel , Hard Bass , Electric Daisy Carnival and Tomorrowland .",
"title": "Headhunterz"
},
{
"text": "Headhunterz released his work on Scantraxx through his own sub-label , Scantraxx Reloaded , but in 2013 he started his own record label , HARD with STYLE . He signed with the North American electronic dance record label Ultra Music in 2013 and left his own label in 2015 . Since June 2017 , he officially returned to the Hardstyle community at the closing ceremony of Defqon.1 Weekend Festival 2017 .",
"title": "Headhunterz"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , Headhunterz and fellow DJ Wildstylez , developed a brand new Hardstyle label , called : Art of Creation .",
"title": "Headhunterz"
},
{
"text": "Willem Rebergen was born on 12 September 1985 in Veenendaal , Netherlands . From an early age Rebergen had an interest in music . Having struggled with bullying at school , Rebergen looked for a distraction to make himself happy and so joined a local kids choir . Here he had his first exposure to a professional studio , recording Christmas albums with the choir . This experience left Rebergen interested and inspired by the process of creating music from the other side of the studio . In 2003 , while working at a clothing store he was offered tickets",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "to Qlimax from friends who could not attend . This was his first exposure to hardstyle music . This experience gave him the impetus to forge a music career and in his own words from then on he was devoted to hardstyle and from that point interested in how to make the music . I wanted to make that kind of music .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " He purchased some turntables and connected them to his mixer practicing his DJing , while simultaneously making music in FL Studio , a digital audio workstation . Rebergen began sending demos out to labels under the alias Nasty D-Tuners , a duo project he formed with close friend Bobby van Putten . In 2004 Nasty D-Tuners entered and won the Defqon.1 DJ contest , winning a spot on that years lineup .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Rebergen and van Putten heard of a new hard dance music label Hardcontrol , that was opening in Veenendaal . In 2005 , a year and a half after their performance at Defqon 2004 , Nasty D-Tuners were signed to Hardcontrol Records having two successful releases , with their work being played by then major Hardstyle producers/DJs . Also in 2005 , Rebergen and van Putten began attending a DJ class at the Rock Academy in the Netherlands . Rebergen found his time at the academy frustrating , due to a lack of encouragement towards producing Hardstyle and negative responses",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "to the genre as a whole . Alienated by his experience at the Academy , Rebergen continued to send out Nasty D-Tuners demos to respective labels , one eventually reaching Scantraxx founder , Dov Elkabas ( The Prophet ) . Seeing promise in the young duo , having heard of their performance at Defqon.1 , Nasty D-Tuners were signed to Scantraxx in late 2005 . Unable to keep the alias Nasty D-Tuners due to disagreements with the former label , the name Headhunterz was chosen . By the end of 2005 , Rebergen and van Putten had performed at major",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "hardstyle events including Defqon.1 , Q-Base and The Prophets X-Qlusive , all of which increased their profile within the Hardstyle scene .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "The year 2006 saw the first Headhunterz release Aiming for Your Brain/ Left Some Answers , on Scantraxx Special . Their debut release was followed by The Sacrifice/D-Tuned , again on Scantraxx Special . The Sacrifice was the duos most successful hit to date , Rebergen since stating his fond memories of the positive reception that The Prophet gave him the first time he heard it . Problems soon began to emerge when Rebergen came to the conclusion that he would be unable to perform and record for Scantraxx while simultaneously completing his course at the Rock Academy . Rebergen",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "told van Putten of his decision to leave the Academy and hoped he would join and commit himself to Headhunterz and Scantraxx . van Putten then made the difficult decision to leave Rebergen , Scantraxx and Headhunterz and continue with his musical studies at the Rock Academy . Rebergens first solo performance as Headhunterz was the 2006 edition of the Q-Dance event , Defqon.1 . Following the final release of van Putten credited Headhunterz work , Scantraxx gave Rebergen his own sub label Scantraxx Reloaded which he would administer . Headhunterz first release on Scantraxx Reloaded was the three track",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Vinyl EP Victim of My Rage released in late 2006 . The Prophet continued to nurture the young talent , inviting Headhunterz to perform alongside him at the popular annual Q-Dance event , Qlimax .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "The year 2007 proved to be a successful year for Headhunterz . He had his first collaborations with fellow Scantraxx artists The Prophet and Abject ( DJ Frontliner ) . Along with the collaborations Headhunterz also released several successful solo tracks such as Forever Az One and Rock Civilization . Headhunterz then performed at the 2007 editions of Q-Base and Qlimax . He then created his first major anthem for the 2007 edition of Qlimax , The Power of the Mind . Headhunterz then had his first solo performance at Qlimax and played alongside DJs who he admired , Technoboy",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "and The Prophet .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , Headhunterz had his first collaboration with fellow Scantraxx artist Wildstylez . Their First song Blame It On the Music / Project 1 released in March and proved a success . It also provided the impetus for the launch of a new project and debut album for the pair , Project One . Finishing in under three months , producing an average of one track a week , Headhunterz and Wildstylez completed their 13 track debut album , Headhunterz & Wildstylez Present : Project One . The album was planned to debut at In Qontrol in a special",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "one-hour set , showcasing the album . This performance was cancelled when Headhunterz suffered appendicitis . The Album debuted at Defqon.1 2008 , and was officially released shortly after in both CD and Digital formats on 25 July with Dutch graphical designer , Ruud van Eijk providing the artwork . Project One was well received in the Hardstyle community with tracks such as Life Beyond Earth , The Art of Creation , The Story Unfolds , Best of Both Worlds and Fantasy or Reality all proving to be successes on the dance floor . The Album was a defining influence",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "on the direction Hardstyle would take in the years to come , with its emphasis on synth based trance influenced melodies and heavy use of pitched kicks . A Project One Tour followed along with 6 full-length album samplers and 1 remix sampler , all released on Scantraxx Reloaded . Along with Project One , Headhunterz had three solo releases that included popular tracks Just Say My Name , Subsonic and Reloaded Part 2 all on Scantraxx Reloaded , along with a first collaboration with Italian Hardstyle DJ Tatanka , Call It Music .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "2009 saw Headhunterz release seven new singles/EPs . Amongst these releases was the 2009 Defqon.1 Anthem , Scrap Attack . This opportunity to create the anthem , saw Headhunterz close the Mainstage of Defqon.1 for the first time . Speaking about the moment , Headhunterz stated that he achieved one of his long-term goals within Hardstyle that night and felt complete happiness . Along with the anthem , 2009 was a notable year in regards to collaborations for Headhunterz . He again teamed up with Wildstylez and along with Noisecontrollers created the incredibly popular anthem Tonight . In the Q-Dance",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "harder styles top 1000 poll held in late 2013 , Tonight was voted into second place . The Summer of Hardstyle , made with The Prophet , proved to be an instant hit at events . Gaining inspiration from older Hardstyle DJ , Zenith , the track was a break from recent Headhunterz work with its emphasis on Reverse bass and simple scratching sounds from vinyl . The Project One Tour reached its finale with a first time visit to Australia . The duo making multiple appearances at the final editions of Transmission , a popular music event that was",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "held in Sydney and Brisbane .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " 2010 reflected Headhunterz and Hardstyles growing popularity around the world , in his own words 2010 was a year where my international bookings overtook my national ones .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "At the beginning of 2010 , Headhunterz was offered the chance to host his own X-Qlusive . Held on 30 January at the Heineken Music Hall , Amsterdam , X-Qlusive:Headhunterz featured Wildstylez , The Prophet , Noisecontrollers and Brennan Heart joining Headhunterz on the main stage . Headhunterz described X-Qlusive as the highlight of 2010 as It was an amazing night - a milestone in my career and personal life . I could have never imagined getting so far . In the buildup to X-Qlusive , Headhunterz revealed he was planning the release of his first studio album , Studio",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Sessions . Released on 8 March , Studio Sessions was a 15 track album containing a mixture of new unreleased tracks , collaborations , edits of older Headhunterz tracks and remixes done by Headhunterz and others . The Album release was followed by a world tour visiting The United States , Australia , Russia , Canada and many performances across the Netherlands . For the second year in a row , Headhunterz was asked to make a Defqon.1 Anthem , this time for the Australian edition , Save Your Scrap for Victory . Along with the anthem , Headhunterz other",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "releases in 2010 was the psychedelic EP , which featured the popular title track along with Dreamcatcher and Emptiness and an EP with Noisecontrollers .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " 2010 also saw Headhunterz make his first appearance in DJ Mags yearly top 100 DJ list , coming in at 36th , the highest Hardstyle DJ in the list . It was the first year Hardstyle artists were featured on the top 100 with Noisecontrollers , D-Block & S-te-Fan and Showtek all ranking in the top 100 alongside Headhunterz .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "At the beginning of 2011 Headhunterz was recognized for his achievements in the past year at the 8th annual Hard Dance Awards , claiming best European hard dance DJ , best international DJ and best track , Psychedelic . Speaking on social media he stated “Thanks so much for all the nice congrats . I cant describe how good it feels to get so much recognition for my work . Respect to all of you!” . 2011 saw the start of the monthly podcast , HARDwithSTYLE . First released on 27 May 2011 through iTunes , SoundCloud and YouTube ,",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "the hour-long podcast was promoted with the tagline Bringing you the music that comes from within ! and was aimed at showcasing Headhunterzs favorite tracks of the month , from both established and up and coming producers . With many unheard and new tracks getting their first broadcast on HARDwithSTYLE , the podcast quickly become one of the most popular electronic music podcasts . Headhunterz again was ranked in DJ Mags yearly top 100 DJs list , coming in at 17th , the highest of any Hardstyle DJ and confirming his place as one of the most sought after Hardstyle",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "DJs . 2011 had significantly less releases from Headhunterz compared to past years mainly due to a large amount of time and effort being put into what would become his 3rd studio album which was planned for a release in 2012 . Nevertheless , Headhunterz had his last solo release on Scantraxx Reloaded , with the EP From Within / The Message is Hardstyle . The Message Is Hardstyle had a mixed reception , many disliking the track due its soft kicks and perceived ironic lyrics given the nature of the song . The track Make it Loud ( Headhunterz",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Remix ) popular for its reverse bass intro , also finally gained a release on Blutonium Records . Headhunterz also had many notable performances in 2011 , performing at Decibel , The Qontinent , Defqon.1 , X-Qlusive : D-Block & S-te-Fan and Thrillogy . Headhunterz also had a major tour of the USA and Mexico visiting 18 cities along the way and also performed at the first Mysteryland to be held outside of the Netherlands , in Chile .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 Headhunterz released his second studio album Sacrifice on 15 March . The 10 track album was the culmination of work done in 2011 and Headhunterz donated all profits to Dance4Life , an international initiative that mobilises and unite young people ( 13–19 years old ) to push back the spread of HIV/AIDS . The album was a collection of new tracks , edits and collaborations . Amongst the track list were standouts , Dragonborn , a previous freely released track inspired by the game , featuring the popular FUS RO DAH sample . Doomed , a track that",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "was produced in response to the significant criticism of his musical direction and track The Message is Hardstyle , feature lyrics that make light of the many haters that feature on an artists web blog . Other highlights were the early hardstyle inspired , Back In the Days , the 2012 Hardbass Anthem , Eternalize and a collaboration with Psyko Punkz , Disrespect .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Along with Sacrifice , Headhunterz recorded and released a number of remixes for popular house artists stating , Doing remixes for other genres makes so much more sense than remixing stuff in your own genre...it gave me a whole different approach in producing hardstyle and I hope the same fans will benefit from that . He had his first song release on Ultra Music with one such remix , Lessons in Love by Kaskade . He remixed the Hardwell song , Spaceman which saw a release on Hardwells Revealed Recordings . Two remixes for German House producer , Zedd ,",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Spectrum was released for free through Headhunterzs social media and Clarity ( Feat . Foxes ) was released on the Clarity Remixes EP released through Interscope Records . Lastly , he remixed Nicky Romeros popular 2011 track Toulouse . All these remixes proved to be incredibly popular and increased his exposure outside of Hardstyle , being played by many House DJs in their sets .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Headhunterz , in collaboration with Wildstylez and Noisecontrollers , produced the 2012 Defqon.1 Anthem for the Dutch edition of the popular festival . World of Madness was released on 16 August with the intro of the song featuring elements of the three previous Defqon.1 Anthems that the three had produced consecutively , Scrap Attack in 2009 by Headhunterz , No Time To Waste in 2010 by Wildstylez and Unite in 2011 by Noisecontrollers .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Headhunterz again climbed up the ranking in DJ Mags top 100 DJ list , coming in at 11th reflecting the further influence hardstyle was having within the dance music scene . In October 2012 Headhunterz hosted and performed at another Q-Dance showcase event Q-Dance presents : Headhunterz - HARDwithSTYLE . Held at the newly opened Ziggo Dome in Amsterdam , the event was a sellout featuring artists such as Code Black , Adrenalize , Isaac , Ran-D and Adaro who all had featured prominently on the HARDwithSTYLE podcast since its beginning . Along with this Headhunterz performed at both the",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Australian and Netherlands editions of Defqon.1 , both editions of Mysteryland , The Qontinent , Tomorrowland , Electric Daisy Carnival , Q-Dance Presents : Scantraxx 10 Years , Reverse and X-Qlusive : Noisecontrollers .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In February 2013 , Headhunterz signed with major dance music label Ultra Music . The signing was a landmark in Hardstyle reflecting the growth of the genre both inside the Netherlands and internationally , growth of which Headhunterz had been at the forefront of . Speaking on his signing , Headhunterz stated :",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "On 30 August , Headhunterz had his first official solo release on Ultra Music with his track , Colors ( Feat . TaTu ) . It entered the Dutch iTunes Top 100 at number 5 and number 2 under the dance category . A remix of Colors by trap group Yellow Claw followed , also released on Ultra Music . In November he had his second release , the collaboration with fellow label artist , Krewella for their track United Kids of the World . The track was launched in November by Ultra Music in partnership with DoSomething.org , a",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "non-profit organization with the goal of motivating young people to take action around social changes , with a campaign focusing on the problems of cyberbullying .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Along with his signing to Ultra Music , Headhunterz launched his own record label HARDwithSTYLE Records . Not connected to Ultra , the label focuses on promoting the harder styles of dance music from both established artists and new , fresh talent . The label aims to be as non-restrictive as possible , Different from the standards in our scene thus far , we are not being restrictive with the artists who give the label music . We want to sign singles , no options , no commitments other than artists giving us great music we love and we push",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ", no agenda , no-nonsense , no bullshit . Just music . For artists who have contracts with other record labels , no problem , if your label will give you a pass then we would love to have a record from you . The first release on HARDwithSTYLE was The Leaked EP by Headhunterz , featuring tracks Reignite , with vocals from Malukah and The Power of Music , a track which Headhunterz rates as one of his best and most complete tracks of his career .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Headhunterz first release for 2014 , Breakout , is his first collaboration with Australian Hardstyle artist , Audiofreq and was released in March . In the Spring of 2014 , Rebergen announced he was working with Breda Duo , W&W . Rebergen then released Shocker a 132 BPM track with Hardstyle kicks and synths and choppy vocals faced with W&Ws image of house . When W&W performed at Tomorrowland they brought Headhunterz as a guest and they played Shocker and premiered another song . The other song was released in November 2014 and the title was called We Control the",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Sound . The message in We Control the Sound states There is nothing wrong with your sound system . Do Not Attempt to adjust the Volume . In late December , The Worlds #1 DJ Hardwell announced he would be working on a track with Rebergen for his album United We Are the track was called Nothing Can Hold Us Down . The track also featured Dutch vocalist Haris , and the track ended with Hardstyle Kicks and a 138 BPM variation on the drop . Rebergen announced he was also working with Rotterdam Deep House artist , Oliver Heldens",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ". Rebergen is currently in the studio with Dyro which fans name their track Cyborg . Besides this , he premiered a new solo track on Slam fm radio show Bij Igmar .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Despite the negative response of his fanbase , Rebergen commits to his creative freedom and heads for a new direction . In September , the Origins project kicks off on his HARDwithSTYLE label , a collection of 8 years worth of Headhunterz classics . 2015 : Creative Freedom .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Early 2015 , Headhunterz goes on a 6-week North-America tour , as part of Steve Aokis Neon Future Experience Tour . Once Again , Headhunterz solo track , gets released on Hardwells Revealed Recordings and the Headhunterz remix of Armin van Buuren featuring Mr . Probz - Another You is released on Armada Music . At Ultra Music Festival in Miami , Steve Aoki invites Headhunterz on stage to premiere their collaboration , yet to be released . Headhunterz collab with Crystal Lake , Live Your Life , is released on Spinnin Records in May and reaches #3 in Beatports",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "overall charts .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In interviews , Headhunterz says that his changes in style have to do with him claiming his creative freedom . Despite committing to his creative freedom , he continued to play hardstyle in his sets . On 26 June 2016 , Rebergen made a surprise appearance at Defqon.1 2016 , alongside Technoboy and The Prophet . The reaction from the crowd left him emotional and he has promised to never forget his roots . That same day , Headhunterz and KSHMR released Dharma on Spinnin Records .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Ending 2016 , Headhunterz returned with Wildstylez as Project One and played some new tracks at Qlimax 2016 and Knockout Circuz in Australia .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " 2017 : Return To Hardstyle Roots . In late June , Headhunterz returned to red mainstage of Defqon.1 in the Netherlands as the track ‘Sacrifice’ was playing on stage his he made a speech and also made a post that had claimed that hed return to hardstyle , announcing that it was impossible why he had left the hardstyle scene . 2018 : Art of Creation , The Return of Headhunterz .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "On 2 February 2018 Headhunterz announced the inception of his new label in collaboration with Wildstylez , Art of Creation . The label is described as a dynamic platform where years of experience , friendship , talent and passion come together and spark new inspiration on the pursuit for quality and greatness in music .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Headhunterz released his third studio album titled The Return of Headhunterz on 2 March 2018 , which was dubbed as his return to hardstyle production by Dancing Astronaut .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Voice-Over ( dubbing ) . Rebergen frequently dubs English-language films and TV series into Dutch .",
"title": "Filmography"
},
{
"text": " - Headhunterz & Wildstylez Presents : Project 1 ( 2008 ) - Studio Sessions ( 2010 ) - Sacrifice ( 2012 ) - The Return of Headhunterz ( 2018 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Official homepage - Instagram",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Headhunterz#P264#2
|
What was the record label of Headhunterz after Jun 2018?
|
Headhunterz Willem Rebergen ( born 12 September 1985 ) , better known by his stage name Headhunterz , is a Dutch DJ and music producer . Rebergen is also a voice actor . He has done dubbing for several movies and TV series . He started his career in 2005 working on Hardstyle music . Headhunterz has performed at Qlimax , Defqon.1 , Q-Base , In Qontrol , Decibel , Hard Bass , Electric Daisy Carnival and Tomorrowland . Headhunterz released his work on Scantraxx through his own sub-label , Scantraxx Reloaded , but in 2013 he started his own record label , HARD with STYLE . He signed with the North American electronic dance record label Ultra Music in 2013 and left his own label in 2015 . Since June 2017 , he officially returned to the Hardstyle community at the closing ceremony of Defqon.1 Weekend Festival 2017 . In 2018 , Headhunterz and fellow DJ Wildstylez , developed a brand new Hardstyle label , called : Art of Creation . Biography . Early life & career . Willem Rebergen was born on 12 September 1985 in Veenendaal , Netherlands . From an early age Rebergen had an interest in music . Having struggled with bullying at school , Rebergen looked for a distraction to make himself happy and so joined a local kids choir . Here he had his first exposure to a professional studio , recording Christmas albums with the choir . This experience left Rebergen interested and inspired by the process of creating music from the other side of the studio . In 2003 , while working at a clothing store he was offered tickets to Qlimax from friends who could not attend . This was his first exposure to hardstyle music . This experience gave him the impetus to forge a music career and in his own words from then on he was devoted to hardstyle and from that point interested in how to make the music . I wanted to make that kind of music . He purchased some turntables and connected them to his mixer practicing his DJing , while simultaneously making music in FL Studio , a digital audio workstation . Rebergen began sending demos out to labels under the alias Nasty D-Tuners , a duo project he formed with close friend Bobby van Putten . In 2004 Nasty D-Tuners entered and won the Defqon.1 DJ contest , winning a spot on that years lineup . Rebergen and van Putten heard of a new hard dance music label Hardcontrol , that was opening in Veenendaal . In 2005 , a year and a half after their performance at Defqon 2004 , Nasty D-Tuners were signed to Hardcontrol Records having two successful releases , with their work being played by then major Hardstyle producers/DJs . Also in 2005 , Rebergen and van Putten began attending a DJ class at the Rock Academy in the Netherlands . Rebergen found his time at the academy frustrating , due to a lack of encouragement towards producing Hardstyle and negative responses to the genre as a whole . Alienated by his experience at the Academy , Rebergen continued to send out Nasty D-Tuners demos to respective labels , one eventually reaching Scantraxx founder , Dov Elkabas ( The Prophet ) . Seeing promise in the young duo , having heard of their performance at Defqon.1 , Nasty D-Tuners were signed to Scantraxx in late 2005 . Unable to keep the alias Nasty D-Tuners due to disagreements with the former label , the name Headhunterz was chosen . By the end of 2005 , Rebergen and van Putten had performed at major hardstyle events including Defqon.1 , Q-Base and The Prophets X-Qlusive , all of which increased their profile within the Hardstyle scene . 2006-2007 : Scantraxx & the beginning of Headhunterz . The year 2006 saw the first Headhunterz release Aiming for Your Brain/ Left Some Answers , on Scantraxx Special . Their debut release was followed by The Sacrifice/D-Tuned , again on Scantraxx Special . The Sacrifice was the duos most successful hit to date , Rebergen since stating his fond memories of the positive reception that The Prophet gave him the first time he heard it . Problems soon began to emerge when Rebergen came to the conclusion that he would be unable to perform and record for Scantraxx while simultaneously completing his course at the Rock Academy . Rebergen told van Putten of his decision to leave the Academy and hoped he would join and commit himself to Headhunterz and Scantraxx . van Putten then made the difficult decision to leave Rebergen , Scantraxx and Headhunterz and continue with his musical studies at the Rock Academy . Rebergens first solo performance as Headhunterz was the 2006 edition of the Q-Dance event , Defqon.1 . Following the final release of van Putten credited Headhunterz work , Scantraxx gave Rebergen his own sub label Scantraxx Reloaded which he would administer . Headhunterz first release on Scantraxx Reloaded was the three track Vinyl EP Victim of My Rage released in late 2006 . The Prophet continued to nurture the young talent , inviting Headhunterz to perform alongside him at the popular annual Q-Dance event , Qlimax . The year 2007 proved to be a successful year for Headhunterz . He had his first collaborations with fellow Scantraxx artists The Prophet and Abject ( DJ Frontliner ) . Along with the collaborations Headhunterz also released several successful solo tracks such as Forever Az One and Rock Civilization . Headhunterz then performed at the 2007 editions of Q-Base and Qlimax . He then created his first major anthem for the 2007 edition of Qlimax , The Power of the Mind . Headhunterz then had his first solo performance at Qlimax and played alongside DJs who he admired , Technoboy and The Prophet . 2008 : Headhunterz & Wildstylez Presents : Project One . In 2008 , Headhunterz had his first collaboration with fellow Scantraxx artist Wildstylez . Their First song Blame It On the Music / Project 1 released in March and proved a success . It also provided the impetus for the launch of a new project and debut album for the pair , Project One . Finishing in under three months , producing an average of one track a week , Headhunterz and Wildstylez completed their 13 track debut album , Headhunterz & Wildstylez Present : Project One . The album was planned to debut at In Qontrol in a special one-hour set , showcasing the album . This performance was cancelled when Headhunterz suffered appendicitis . The Album debuted at Defqon.1 2008 , and was officially released shortly after in both CD and Digital formats on 25 July with Dutch graphical designer , Ruud van Eijk providing the artwork . Project One was well received in the Hardstyle community with tracks such as Life Beyond Earth , The Art of Creation , The Story Unfolds , Best of Both Worlds and Fantasy or Reality all proving to be successes on the dance floor . The Album was a defining influence on the direction Hardstyle would take in the years to come , with its emphasis on synth based trance influenced melodies and heavy use of pitched kicks . A Project One Tour followed along with 6 full-length album samplers and 1 remix sampler , all released on Scantraxx Reloaded . Along with Project One , Headhunterz had three solo releases that included popular tracks Just Say My Name , Subsonic and Reloaded Part 2 all on Scantraxx Reloaded , along with a first collaboration with Italian Hardstyle DJ Tatanka , Call It Music . 2009-2011 : Studio Sessions & HARDwithSTYLE . 2009 saw Headhunterz release seven new singles/EPs . Amongst these releases was the 2009 Defqon.1 Anthem , Scrap Attack . This opportunity to create the anthem , saw Headhunterz close the Mainstage of Defqon.1 for the first time . Speaking about the moment , Headhunterz stated that he achieved one of his long-term goals within Hardstyle that night and felt complete happiness . Along with the anthem , 2009 was a notable year in regards to collaborations for Headhunterz . He again teamed up with Wildstylez and along with Noisecontrollers created the incredibly popular anthem Tonight . In the Q-Dance harder styles top 1000 poll held in late 2013 , Tonight was voted into second place . The Summer of Hardstyle , made with The Prophet , proved to be an instant hit at events . Gaining inspiration from older Hardstyle DJ , Zenith , the track was a break from recent Headhunterz work with its emphasis on Reverse bass and simple scratching sounds from vinyl . The Project One Tour reached its finale with a first time visit to Australia . The duo making multiple appearances at the final editions of Transmission , a popular music event that was held in Sydney and Brisbane . 2010 reflected Headhunterz and Hardstyles growing popularity around the world , in his own words 2010 was a year where my international bookings overtook my national ones . At the beginning of 2010 , Headhunterz was offered the chance to host his own X-Qlusive . Held on 30 January at the Heineken Music Hall , Amsterdam , X-Qlusive:Headhunterz featured Wildstylez , The Prophet , Noisecontrollers and Brennan Heart joining Headhunterz on the main stage . Headhunterz described X-Qlusive as the highlight of 2010 as It was an amazing night - a milestone in my career and personal life . I could have never imagined getting so far . In the buildup to X-Qlusive , Headhunterz revealed he was planning the release of his first studio album , Studio Sessions . Released on 8 March , Studio Sessions was a 15 track album containing a mixture of new unreleased tracks , collaborations , edits of older Headhunterz tracks and remixes done by Headhunterz and others . The Album release was followed by a world tour visiting The United States , Australia , Russia , Canada and many performances across the Netherlands . For the second year in a row , Headhunterz was asked to make a Defqon.1 Anthem , this time for the Australian edition , Save Your Scrap for Victory . Along with the anthem , Headhunterz other releases in 2010 was the psychedelic EP , which featured the popular title track along with Dreamcatcher and Emptiness and an EP with Noisecontrollers . 2010 also saw Headhunterz make his first appearance in DJ Mags yearly top 100 DJ list , coming in at 36th , the highest Hardstyle DJ in the list . It was the first year Hardstyle artists were featured on the top 100 with Noisecontrollers , D-Block & S-te-Fan and Showtek all ranking in the top 100 alongside Headhunterz . At the beginning of 2011 Headhunterz was recognized for his achievements in the past year at the 8th annual Hard Dance Awards , claiming best European hard dance DJ , best international DJ and best track , Psychedelic . Speaking on social media he stated “Thanks so much for all the nice congrats . I cant describe how good it feels to get so much recognition for my work . Respect to all of you!” . 2011 saw the start of the monthly podcast , HARDwithSTYLE . First released on 27 May 2011 through iTunes , SoundCloud and YouTube , the hour-long podcast was promoted with the tagline Bringing you the music that comes from within ! and was aimed at showcasing Headhunterzs favorite tracks of the month , from both established and up and coming producers . With many unheard and new tracks getting their first broadcast on HARDwithSTYLE , the podcast quickly become one of the most popular electronic music podcasts . Headhunterz again was ranked in DJ Mags yearly top 100 DJs list , coming in at 17th , the highest of any Hardstyle DJ and confirming his place as one of the most sought after Hardstyle DJs . 2011 had significantly less releases from Headhunterz compared to past years mainly due to a large amount of time and effort being put into what would become his 3rd studio album which was planned for a release in 2012 . Nevertheless , Headhunterz had his last solo release on Scantraxx Reloaded , with the EP From Within / The Message is Hardstyle . The Message Is Hardstyle had a mixed reception , many disliking the track due its soft kicks and perceived ironic lyrics given the nature of the song . The track Make it Loud ( Headhunterz Remix ) popular for its reverse bass intro , also finally gained a release on Blutonium Records . Headhunterz also had many notable performances in 2011 , performing at Decibel , The Qontinent , Defqon.1 , X-Qlusive : D-Block & S-te-Fan and Thrillogy . Headhunterz also had a major tour of the USA and Mexico visiting 18 cities along the way and also performed at the first Mysteryland to be held outside of the Netherlands , in Chile . 2012-2015 : Sacrifice & Ultra Records . In 2012 Headhunterz released his second studio album Sacrifice on 15 March . The 10 track album was the culmination of work done in 2011 and Headhunterz donated all profits to Dance4Life , an international initiative that mobilises and unite young people ( 13–19 years old ) to push back the spread of HIV/AIDS . The album was a collection of new tracks , edits and collaborations . Amongst the track list were standouts , Dragonborn , a previous freely released track inspired by the game , featuring the popular FUS RO DAH sample . Doomed , a track that was produced in response to the significant criticism of his musical direction and track The Message is Hardstyle , feature lyrics that make light of the many haters that feature on an artists web blog . Other highlights were the early hardstyle inspired , Back In the Days , the 2012 Hardbass Anthem , Eternalize and a collaboration with Psyko Punkz , Disrespect . Along with Sacrifice , Headhunterz recorded and released a number of remixes for popular house artists stating , Doing remixes for other genres makes so much more sense than remixing stuff in your own genre...it gave me a whole different approach in producing hardstyle and I hope the same fans will benefit from that . He had his first song release on Ultra Music with one such remix , Lessons in Love by Kaskade . He remixed the Hardwell song , Spaceman which saw a release on Hardwells Revealed Recordings . Two remixes for German House producer , Zedd , Spectrum was released for free through Headhunterzs social media and Clarity ( Feat . Foxes ) was released on the Clarity Remixes EP released through Interscope Records . Lastly , he remixed Nicky Romeros popular 2011 track Toulouse . All these remixes proved to be incredibly popular and increased his exposure outside of Hardstyle , being played by many House DJs in their sets . Headhunterz , in collaboration with Wildstylez and Noisecontrollers , produced the 2012 Defqon.1 Anthem for the Dutch edition of the popular festival . World of Madness was released on 16 August with the intro of the song featuring elements of the three previous Defqon.1 Anthems that the three had produced consecutively , Scrap Attack in 2009 by Headhunterz , No Time To Waste in 2010 by Wildstylez and Unite in 2011 by Noisecontrollers . Headhunterz again climbed up the ranking in DJ Mags top 100 DJ list , coming in at 11th reflecting the further influence hardstyle was having within the dance music scene . In October 2012 Headhunterz hosted and performed at another Q-Dance showcase event Q-Dance presents : Headhunterz - HARDwithSTYLE . Held at the newly opened Ziggo Dome in Amsterdam , the event was a sellout featuring artists such as Code Black , Adrenalize , Isaac , Ran-D and Adaro who all had featured prominently on the HARDwithSTYLE podcast since its beginning . Along with this Headhunterz performed at both the Australian and Netherlands editions of Defqon.1 , both editions of Mysteryland , The Qontinent , Tomorrowland , Electric Daisy Carnival , Q-Dance Presents : Scantraxx 10 Years , Reverse and X-Qlusive : Noisecontrollers . In February 2013 , Headhunterz signed with major dance music label Ultra Music . The signing was a landmark in Hardstyle reflecting the growth of the genre both inside the Netherlands and internationally , growth of which Headhunterz had been at the forefront of . Speaking on his signing , Headhunterz stated : On 30 August , Headhunterz had his first official solo release on Ultra Music with his track , Colors ( Feat . TaTu ) . It entered the Dutch iTunes Top 100 at number 5 and number 2 under the dance category . A remix of Colors by trap group Yellow Claw followed , also released on Ultra Music . In November he had his second release , the collaboration with fellow label artist , Krewella for their track United Kids of the World . The track was launched in November by Ultra Music in partnership with DoSomething.org , a non-profit organization with the goal of motivating young people to take action around social changes , with a campaign focusing on the problems of cyberbullying . Along with his signing to Ultra Music , Headhunterz launched his own record label HARDwithSTYLE Records . Not connected to Ultra , the label focuses on promoting the harder styles of dance music from both established artists and new , fresh talent . The label aims to be as non-restrictive as possible , Different from the standards in our scene thus far , we are not being restrictive with the artists who give the label music . We want to sign singles , no options , no commitments other than artists giving us great music we love and we push , no agenda , no-nonsense , no bullshit . Just music . For artists who have contracts with other record labels , no problem , if your label will give you a pass then we would love to have a record from you . The first release on HARDwithSTYLE was The Leaked EP by Headhunterz , featuring tracks Reignite , with vocals from Malukah and The Power of Music , a track which Headhunterz rates as one of his best and most complete tracks of his career . Headhunterz first release for 2014 , Breakout , is his first collaboration with Australian Hardstyle artist , Audiofreq and was released in March . In the Spring of 2014 , Rebergen announced he was working with Breda Duo , W&W . Rebergen then released Shocker a 132 BPM track with Hardstyle kicks and synths and choppy vocals faced with W&Ws image of house . When W&W performed at Tomorrowland they brought Headhunterz as a guest and they played Shocker and premiered another song . The other song was released in November 2014 and the title was called We Control the Sound . The message in We Control the Sound states There is nothing wrong with your sound system . Do Not Attempt to adjust the Volume . In late December , The Worlds #1 DJ Hardwell announced he would be working on a track with Rebergen for his album United We Are the track was called Nothing Can Hold Us Down . The track also featured Dutch vocalist Haris , and the track ended with Hardstyle Kicks and a 138 BPM variation on the drop . Rebergen announced he was also working with Rotterdam Deep House artist , Oliver Heldens . Rebergen is currently in the studio with Dyro which fans name their track Cyborg . Besides this , he premiered a new solo track on Slam fm radio show Bij Igmar . Despite the negative response of his fanbase , Rebergen commits to his creative freedom and heads for a new direction . In September , the Origins project kicks off on his HARDwithSTYLE label , a collection of 8 years worth of Headhunterz classics . 2015 : Creative Freedom . Early 2015 , Headhunterz goes on a 6-week North-America tour , as part of Steve Aokis Neon Future Experience Tour . Once Again , Headhunterz solo track , gets released on Hardwells Revealed Recordings and the Headhunterz remix of Armin van Buuren featuring Mr . Probz - Another You is released on Armada Music . At Ultra Music Festival in Miami , Steve Aoki invites Headhunterz on stage to premiere their collaboration , yet to be released . Headhunterz collab with Crystal Lake , Live Your Life , is released on Spinnin Records in May and reaches #3 in Beatports overall charts . In interviews , Headhunterz says that his changes in style have to do with him claiming his creative freedom . Despite committing to his creative freedom , he continued to play hardstyle in his sets . On 26 June 2016 , Rebergen made a surprise appearance at Defqon.1 2016 , alongside Technoboy and The Prophet . The reaction from the crowd left him emotional and he has promised to never forget his roots . That same day , Headhunterz and KSHMR released Dharma on Spinnin Records . Ending 2016 , Headhunterz returned with Wildstylez as Project One and played some new tracks at Qlimax 2016 and Knockout Circuz in Australia . 2017 : Return To Hardstyle Roots . In late June , Headhunterz returned to red mainstage of Defqon.1 in the Netherlands as the track ‘Sacrifice’ was playing on stage his he made a speech and also made a post that had claimed that hed return to hardstyle , announcing that it was impossible why he had left the hardstyle scene . 2018 : Art of Creation , The Return of Headhunterz . On 2 February 2018 Headhunterz announced the inception of his new label in collaboration with Wildstylez , Art of Creation . The label is described as a dynamic platform where years of experience , friendship , talent and passion come together and spark new inspiration on the pursuit for quality and greatness in music . Headhunterz released his third studio album titled The Return of Headhunterz on 2 March 2018 , which was dubbed as his return to hardstyle production by Dancing Astronaut . Filmography . Voice-Over ( dubbing ) . Rebergen frequently dubs English-language films and TV series into Dutch . Discography . - Headhunterz & Wildstylez Presents : Project 1 ( 2008 ) - Studio Sessions ( 2010 ) - Sacrifice ( 2012 ) - The Return of Headhunterz ( 2018 ) External links . - Official homepage - Instagram
|
[
"Art of Creation"
] |
[
{
"text": " Willem Rebergen ( born 12 September 1985 ) , better known by his stage name Headhunterz , is a Dutch DJ and music producer . Rebergen is also a voice actor . He has done dubbing for several movies and TV series . He started his career in 2005 working on Hardstyle music . Headhunterz has performed at Qlimax , Defqon.1 , Q-Base , In Qontrol , Decibel , Hard Bass , Electric Daisy Carnival and Tomorrowland .",
"title": "Headhunterz"
},
{
"text": "Headhunterz released his work on Scantraxx through his own sub-label , Scantraxx Reloaded , but in 2013 he started his own record label , HARD with STYLE . He signed with the North American electronic dance record label Ultra Music in 2013 and left his own label in 2015 . Since June 2017 , he officially returned to the Hardstyle community at the closing ceremony of Defqon.1 Weekend Festival 2017 .",
"title": "Headhunterz"
},
{
"text": " In 2018 , Headhunterz and fellow DJ Wildstylez , developed a brand new Hardstyle label , called : Art of Creation .",
"title": "Headhunterz"
},
{
"text": "Willem Rebergen was born on 12 September 1985 in Veenendaal , Netherlands . From an early age Rebergen had an interest in music . Having struggled with bullying at school , Rebergen looked for a distraction to make himself happy and so joined a local kids choir . Here he had his first exposure to a professional studio , recording Christmas albums with the choir . This experience left Rebergen interested and inspired by the process of creating music from the other side of the studio . In 2003 , while working at a clothing store he was offered tickets",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "to Qlimax from friends who could not attend . This was his first exposure to hardstyle music . This experience gave him the impetus to forge a music career and in his own words from then on he was devoted to hardstyle and from that point interested in how to make the music . I wanted to make that kind of music .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " He purchased some turntables and connected them to his mixer practicing his DJing , while simultaneously making music in FL Studio , a digital audio workstation . Rebergen began sending demos out to labels under the alias Nasty D-Tuners , a duo project he formed with close friend Bobby van Putten . In 2004 Nasty D-Tuners entered and won the Defqon.1 DJ contest , winning a spot on that years lineup .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Rebergen and van Putten heard of a new hard dance music label Hardcontrol , that was opening in Veenendaal . In 2005 , a year and a half after their performance at Defqon 2004 , Nasty D-Tuners were signed to Hardcontrol Records having two successful releases , with their work being played by then major Hardstyle producers/DJs . Also in 2005 , Rebergen and van Putten began attending a DJ class at the Rock Academy in the Netherlands . Rebergen found his time at the academy frustrating , due to a lack of encouragement towards producing Hardstyle and negative responses",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "to the genre as a whole . Alienated by his experience at the Academy , Rebergen continued to send out Nasty D-Tuners demos to respective labels , one eventually reaching Scantraxx founder , Dov Elkabas ( The Prophet ) . Seeing promise in the young duo , having heard of their performance at Defqon.1 , Nasty D-Tuners were signed to Scantraxx in late 2005 . Unable to keep the alias Nasty D-Tuners due to disagreements with the former label , the name Headhunterz was chosen . By the end of 2005 , Rebergen and van Putten had performed at major",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "hardstyle events including Defqon.1 , Q-Base and The Prophets X-Qlusive , all of which increased their profile within the Hardstyle scene .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "The year 2006 saw the first Headhunterz release Aiming for Your Brain/ Left Some Answers , on Scantraxx Special . Their debut release was followed by The Sacrifice/D-Tuned , again on Scantraxx Special . The Sacrifice was the duos most successful hit to date , Rebergen since stating his fond memories of the positive reception that The Prophet gave him the first time he heard it . Problems soon began to emerge when Rebergen came to the conclusion that he would be unable to perform and record for Scantraxx while simultaneously completing his course at the Rock Academy . Rebergen",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "told van Putten of his decision to leave the Academy and hoped he would join and commit himself to Headhunterz and Scantraxx . van Putten then made the difficult decision to leave Rebergen , Scantraxx and Headhunterz and continue with his musical studies at the Rock Academy . Rebergens first solo performance as Headhunterz was the 2006 edition of the Q-Dance event , Defqon.1 . Following the final release of van Putten credited Headhunterz work , Scantraxx gave Rebergen his own sub label Scantraxx Reloaded which he would administer . Headhunterz first release on Scantraxx Reloaded was the three track",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Vinyl EP Victim of My Rage released in late 2006 . The Prophet continued to nurture the young talent , inviting Headhunterz to perform alongside him at the popular annual Q-Dance event , Qlimax .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "The year 2007 proved to be a successful year for Headhunterz . He had his first collaborations with fellow Scantraxx artists The Prophet and Abject ( DJ Frontliner ) . Along with the collaborations Headhunterz also released several successful solo tracks such as Forever Az One and Rock Civilization . Headhunterz then performed at the 2007 editions of Q-Base and Qlimax . He then created his first major anthem for the 2007 edition of Qlimax , The Power of the Mind . Headhunterz then had his first solo performance at Qlimax and played alongside DJs who he admired , Technoboy",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "and The Prophet .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 2008 , Headhunterz had his first collaboration with fellow Scantraxx artist Wildstylez . Their First song Blame It On the Music / Project 1 released in March and proved a success . It also provided the impetus for the launch of a new project and debut album for the pair , Project One . Finishing in under three months , producing an average of one track a week , Headhunterz and Wildstylez completed their 13 track debut album , Headhunterz & Wildstylez Present : Project One . The album was planned to debut at In Qontrol in a special",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "one-hour set , showcasing the album . This performance was cancelled when Headhunterz suffered appendicitis . The Album debuted at Defqon.1 2008 , and was officially released shortly after in both CD and Digital formats on 25 July with Dutch graphical designer , Ruud van Eijk providing the artwork . Project One was well received in the Hardstyle community with tracks such as Life Beyond Earth , The Art of Creation , The Story Unfolds , Best of Both Worlds and Fantasy or Reality all proving to be successes on the dance floor . The Album was a defining influence",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "on the direction Hardstyle would take in the years to come , with its emphasis on synth based trance influenced melodies and heavy use of pitched kicks . A Project One Tour followed along with 6 full-length album samplers and 1 remix sampler , all released on Scantraxx Reloaded . Along with Project One , Headhunterz had three solo releases that included popular tracks Just Say My Name , Subsonic and Reloaded Part 2 all on Scantraxx Reloaded , along with a first collaboration with Italian Hardstyle DJ Tatanka , Call It Music .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "2009 saw Headhunterz release seven new singles/EPs . Amongst these releases was the 2009 Defqon.1 Anthem , Scrap Attack . This opportunity to create the anthem , saw Headhunterz close the Mainstage of Defqon.1 for the first time . Speaking about the moment , Headhunterz stated that he achieved one of his long-term goals within Hardstyle that night and felt complete happiness . Along with the anthem , 2009 was a notable year in regards to collaborations for Headhunterz . He again teamed up with Wildstylez and along with Noisecontrollers created the incredibly popular anthem Tonight . In the Q-Dance",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "harder styles top 1000 poll held in late 2013 , Tonight was voted into second place . The Summer of Hardstyle , made with The Prophet , proved to be an instant hit at events . Gaining inspiration from older Hardstyle DJ , Zenith , the track was a break from recent Headhunterz work with its emphasis on Reverse bass and simple scratching sounds from vinyl . The Project One Tour reached its finale with a first time visit to Australia . The duo making multiple appearances at the final editions of Transmission , a popular music event that was",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "held in Sydney and Brisbane .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " 2010 reflected Headhunterz and Hardstyles growing popularity around the world , in his own words 2010 was a year where my international bookings overtook my national ones .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "At the beginning of 2010 , Headhunterz was offered the chance to host his own X-Qlusive . Held on 30 January at the Heineken Music Hall , Amsterdam , X-Qlusive:Headhunterz featured Wildstylez , The Prophet , Noisecontrollers and Brennan Heart joining Headhunterz on the main stage . Headhunterz described X-Qlusive as the highlight of 2010 as It was an amazing night - a milestone in my career and personal life . I could have never imagined getting so far . In the buildup to X-Qlusive , Headhunterz revealed he was planning the release of his first studio album , Studio",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Sessions . Released on 8 March , Studio Sessions was a 15 track album containing a mixture of new unreleased tracks , collaborations , edits of older Headhunterz tracks and remixes done by Headhunterz and others . The Album release was followed by a world tour visiting The United States , Australia , Russia , Canada and many performances across the Netherlands . For the second year in a row , Headhunterz was asked to make a Defqon.1 Anthem , this time for the Australian edition , Save Your Scrap for Victory . Along with the anthem , Headhunterz other",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "releases in 2010 was the psychedelic EP , which featured the popular title track along with Dreamcatcher and Emptiness and an EP with Noisecontrollers .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " 2010 also saw Headhunterz make his first appearance in DJ Mags yearly top 100 DJ list , coming in at 36th , the highest Hardstyle DJ in the list . It was the first year Hardstyle artists were featured on the top 100 with Noisecontrollers , D-Block & S-te-Fan and Showtek all ranking in the top 100 alongside Headhunterz .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "At the beginning of 2011 Headhunterz was recognized for his achievements in the past year at the 8th annual Hard Dance Awards , claiming best European hard dance DJ , best international DJ and best track , Psychedelic . Speaking on social media he stated “Thanks so much for all the nice congrats . I cant describe how good it feels to get so much recognition for my work . Respect to all of you!” . 2011 saw the start of the monthly podcast , HARDwithSTYLE . First released on 27 May 2011 through iTunes , SoundCloud and YouTube ,",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "the hour-long podcast was promoted with the tagline Bringing you the music that comes from within ! and was aimed at showcasing Headhunterzs favorite tracks of the month , from both established and up and coming producers . With many unheard and new tracks getting their first broadcast on HARDwithSTYLE , the podcast quickly become one of the most popular electronic music podcasts . Headhunterz again was ranked in DJ Mags yearly top 100 DJs list , coming in at 17th , the highest of any Hardstyle DJ and confirming his place as one of the most sought after Hardstyle",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "DJs . 2011 had significantly less releases from Headhunterz compared to past years mainly due to a large amount of time and effort being put into what would become his 3rd studio album which was planned for a release in 2012 . Nevertheless , Headhunterz had his last solo release on Scantraxx Reloaded , with the EP From Within / The Message is Hardstyle . The Message Is Hardstyle had a mixed reception , many disliking the track due its soft kicks and perceived ironic lyrics given the nature of the song . The track Make it Loud ( Headhunterz",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Remix ) popular for its reverse bass intro , also finally gained a release on Blutonium Records . Headhunterz also had many notable performances in 2011 , performing at Decibel , The Qontinent , Defqon.1 , X-Qlusive : D-Block & S-te-Fan and Thrillogy . Headhunterz also had a major tour of the USA and Mexico visiting 18 cities along the way and also performed at the first Mysteryland to be held outside of the Netherlands , in Chile .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "In 2012 Headhunterz released his second studio album Sacrifice on 15 March . The 10 track album was the culmination of work done in 2011 and Headhunterz donated all profits to Dance4Life , an international initiative that mobilises and unite young people ( 13–19 years old ) to push back the spread of HIV/AIDS . The album was a collection of new tracks , edits and collaborations . Amongst the track list were standouts , Dragonborn , a previous freely released track inspired by the game , featuring the popular FUS RO DAH sample . Doomed , a track that",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "was produced in response to the significant criticism of his musical direction and track The Message is Hardstyle , feature lyrics that make light of the many haters that feature on an artists web blog . Other highlights were the early hardstyle inspired , Back In the Days , the 2012 Hardbass Anthem , Eternalize and a collaboration with Psyko Punkz , Disrespect .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Along with Sacrifice , Headhunterz recorded and released a number of remixes for popular house artists stating , Doing remixes for other genres makes so much more sense than remixing stuff in your own genre...it gave me a whole different approach in producing hardstyle and I hope the same fans will benefit from that . He had his first song release on Ultra Music with one such remix , Lessons in Love by Kaskade . He remixed the Hardwell song , Spaceman which saw a release on Hardwells Revealed Recordings . Two remixes for German House producer , Zedd ,",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Spectrum was released for free through Headhunterzs social media and Clarity ( Feat . Foxes ) was released on the Clarity Remixes EP released through Interscope Records . Lastly , he remixed Nicky Romeros popular 2011 track Toulouse . All these remixes proved to be incredibly popular and increased his exposure outside of Hardstyle , being played by many House DJs in their sets .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Headhunterz , in collaboration with Wildstylez and Noisecontrollers , produced the 2012 Defqon.1 Anthem for the Dutch edition of the popular festival . World of Madness was released on 16 August with the intro of the song featuring elements of the three previous Defqon.1 Anthems that the three had produced consecutively , Scrap Attack in 2009 by Headhunterz , No Time To Waste in 2010 by Wildstylez and Unite in 2011 by Noisecontrollers .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Headhunterz again climbed up the ranking in DJ Mags top 100 DJ list , coming in at 11th reflecting the further influence hardstyle was having within the dance music scene . In October 2012 Headhunterz hosted and performed at another Q-Dance showcase event Q-Dance presents : Headhunterz - HARDwithSTYLE . Held at the newly opened Ziggo Dome in Amsterdam , the event was a sellout featuring artists such as Code Black , Adrenalize , Isaac , Ran-D and Adaro who all had featured prominently on the HARDwithSTYLE podcast since its beginning . Along with this Headhunterz performed at both the",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Australian and Netherlands editions of Defqon.1 , both editions of Mysteryland , The Qontinent , Tomorrowland , Electric Daisy Carnival , Q-Dance Presents : Scantraxx 10 Years , Reverse and X-Qlusive : Noisecontrollers .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In February 2013 , Headhunterz signed with major dance music label Ultra Music . The signing was a landmark in Hardstyle reflecting the growth of the genre both inside the Netherlands and internationally , growth of which Headhunterz had been at the forefront of . Speaking on his signing , Headhunterz stated :",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "On 30 August , Headhunterz had his first official solo release on Ultra Music with his track , Colors ( Feat . TaTu ) . It entered the Dutch iTunes Top 100 at number 5 and number 2 under the dance category . A remix of Colors by trap group Yellow Claw followed , also released on Ultra Music . In November he had his second release , the collaboration with fellow label artist , Krewella for their track United Kids of the World . The track was launched in November by Ultra Music in partnership with DoSomething.org , a",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "non-profit organization with the goal of motivating young people to take action around social changes , with a campaign focusing on the problems of cyberbullying .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Along with his signing to Ultra Music , Headhunterz launched his own record label HARDwithSTYLE Records . Not connected to Ultra , the label focuses on promoting the harder styles of dance music from both established artists and new , fresh talent . The label aims to be as non-restrictive as possible , Different from the standards in our scene thus far , we are not being restrictive with the artists who give the label music . We want to sign singles , no options , no commitments other than artists giving us great music we love and we push",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ", no agenda , no-nonsense , no bullshit . Just music . For artists who have contracts with other record labels , no problem , if your label will give you a pass then we would love to have a record from you . The first release on HARDwithSTYLE was The Leaked EP by Headhunterz , featuring tracks Reignite , with vocals from Malukah and The Power of Music , a track which Headhunterz rates as one of his best and most complete tracks of his career .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Headhunterz first release for 2014 , Breakout , is his first collaboration with Australian Hardstyle artist , Audiofreq and was released in March . In the Spring of 2014 , Rebergen announced he was working with Breda Duo , W&W . Rebergen then released Shocker a 132 BPM track with Hardstyle kicks and synths and choppy vocals faced with W&Ws image of house . When W&W performed at Tomorrowland they brought Headhunterz as a guest and they played Shocker and premiered another song . The other song was released in November 2014 and the title was called We Control the",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Sound . The message in We Control the Sound states There is nothing wrong with your sound system . Do Not Attempt to adjust the Volume . In late December , The Worlds #1 DJ Hardwell announced he would be working on a track with Rebergen for his album United We Are the track was called Nothing Can Hold Us Down . The track also featured Dutch vocalist Haris , and the track ended with Hardstyle Kicks and a 138 BPM variation on the drop . Rebergen announced he was also working with Rotterdam Deep House artist , Oliver Heldens",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": ". Rebergen is currently in the studio with Dyro which fans name their track Cyborg . Besides this , he premiered a new solo track on Slam fm radio show Bij Igmar .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Despite the negative response of his fanbase , Rebergen commits to his creative freedom and heads for a new direction . In September , the Origins project kicks off on his HARDwithSTYLE label , a collection of 8 years worth of Headhunterz classics . 2015 : Creative Freedom .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Early 2015 , Headhunterz goes on a 6-week North-America tour , as part of Steve Aokis Neon Future Experience Tour . Once Again , Headhunterz solo track , gets released on Hardwells Revealed Recordings and the Headhunterz remix of Armin van Buuren featuring Mr . Probz - Another You is released on Armada Music . At Ultra Music Festival in Miami , Steve Aoki invites Headhunterz on stage to premiere their collaboration , yet to be released . Headhunterz collab with Crystal Lake , Live Your Life , is released on Spinnin Records in May and reaches #3 in Beatports",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "overall charts .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " In interviews , Headhunterz says that his changes in style have to do with him claiming his creative freedom . Despite committing to his creative freedom , he continued to play hardstyle in his sets . On 26 June 2016 , Rebergen made a surprise appearance at Defqon.1 2016 , alongside Technoboy and The Prophet . The reaction from the crowd left him emotional and he has promised to never forget his roots . That same day , Headhunterz and KSHMR released Dharma on Spinnin Records .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "Ending 2016 , Headhunterz returned with Wildstylez as Project One and played some new tracks at Qlimax 2016 and Knockout Circuz in Australia .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " 2017 : Return To Hardstyle Roots . In late June , Headhunterz returned to red mainstage of Defqon.1 in the Netherlands as the track ‘Sacrifice’ was playing on stage his he made a speech and also made a post that had claimed that hed return to hardstyle , announcing that it was impossible why he had left the hardstyle scene . 2018 : Art of Creation , The Return of Headhunterz .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": "On 2 February 2018 Headhunterz announced the inception of his new label in collaboration with Wildstylez , Art of Creation . The label is described as a dynamic platform where years of experience , friendship , talent and passion come together and spark new inspiration on the pursuit for quality and greatness in music .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Headhunterz released his third studio album titled The Return of Headhunterz on 2 March 2018 , which was dubbed as his return to hardstyle production by Dancing Astronaut .",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"text": " Voice-Over ( dubbing ) . Rebergen frequently dubs English-language films and TV series into Dutch .",
"title": "Filmography"
},
{
"text": " - Headhunterz & Wildstylez Presents : Project 1 ( 2008 ) - Studio Sessions ( 2010 ) - Sacrifice ( 2012 ) - The Return of Headhunterz ( 2018 )",
"title": "Discography"
},
{
"text": " - Official homepage - Instagram",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Brenda_Hale,_Baroness_Hale_of_Richmond#P39#0
|
What position did Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond take before Feb 1998?
|
Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal . In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 . On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) . Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 . On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court . Early life . Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 . After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year . Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel . Judicial career . Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council at the same time . On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 . On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term . In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits” . In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court . Significant lectures . On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law . In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives . Honours . - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life . - On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher . - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow . Commonwealth honours . - Commonwealth honours Scholastic . - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees Personal life . In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef . Bibliography . - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell , External links . - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004
|
[
"judge"
] |
[
{
"text": " Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "at the same time .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits”",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": "On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": "- On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees",
"title": "Scholastic"
},
{
"text": " In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell ,",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Brenda_Hale,_Baroness_Hale_of_Richmond#P39#1
|
What position did Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond take in Apr 2003?
|
Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal . In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 . On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) . Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 . On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court . Early life . Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 . After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year . Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel . Judicial career . Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council at the same time . On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 . On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term . In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits” . In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court . Significant lectures . On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law . In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives . Honours . - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life . - On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher . - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow . Commonwealth honours . - Commonwealth honours Scholastic . - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees Personal life . In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef . Bibliography . - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell , External links . - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "at the same time .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits”",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": "On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": "- On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees",
"title": "Scholastic"
},
{
"text": " In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell ,",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Brenda_Hale,_Baroness_Hale_of_Richmond#P39#2
|
What position did Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond take between Apr 2006 and May 2009?
|
Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal . In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 . On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) . Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 . On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court . Early life . Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 . After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year . Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel . Judicial career . Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council at the same time . On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 . On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term . In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits” . In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court . Significant lectures . On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law . In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives . Honours . - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life . - On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher . - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow . Commonwealth honours . - Commonwealth honours Scholastic . - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees Personal life . In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef . Bibliography . - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell , External links . - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004
|
[
"joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary"
] |
[
{
"text": " Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "at the same time .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits”",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": "On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": "- On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees",
"title": "Scholastic"
},
{
"text": " In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell ,",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Brenda_Hale,_Baroness_Hale_of_Richmond#P39#3
|
What position did Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond take in Feb 2010?
|
Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal . In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 . On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) . Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 . On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court . Early life . Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 . After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year . Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel . Judicial career . Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council at the same time . On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 . On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term . In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits” . In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court . Significant lectures . On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law . In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives . Honours . - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life . - On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher . - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow . Commonwealth honours . - Commonwealth honours Scholastic . - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees Personal life . In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef . Bibliography . - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell , External links . - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004
|
[
"joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary"
] |
[
{
"text": " Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "at the same time .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits”",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": "On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": "- On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees",
"title": "Scholastic"
},
{
"text": " In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell ,",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Brenda_Hale,_Baroness_Hale_of_Richmond#P39#4
|
What position did Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond take in Jul 2015?
|
Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal . In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 . On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) . Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 . On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court . Early life . Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 . After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year . Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel . Judicial career . Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council at the same time . On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 . On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term . In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits” . In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court . Significant lectures . On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law . In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives . Honours . - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life . - On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher . - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow . Commonwealth honours . - Commonwealth honours Scholastic . - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees Personal life . In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef . Bibliography . - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell , External links . - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004
|
[
"Deputy President of the Supreme Court"
] |
[
{
"text": " Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "at the same time .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits”",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": "On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": "- On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees",
"title": "Scholastic"
},
{
"text": " In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell ,",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Brenda_Hale,_Baroness_Hale_of_Richmond#P39#5
|
What position did Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond take in late 2010s?
|
Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal . In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 . On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) . Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 . On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court . Early life . Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 . After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year . Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel . Judicial career . Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council at the same time . On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 . On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term . In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits” . In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court . Significant lectures . On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law . In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives . Honours . - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life . - On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher . - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow . Commonwealth honours . - Commonwealth honours Scholastic . - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees Personal life . In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef . Bibliography . - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell , External links . - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004
|
[
"Premiership of Theresa"
] |
[
{
"text": " Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "at the same time .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits”",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": "On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": "- On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees",
"title": "Scholastic"
},
{
"text": " In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell ,",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Brenda_Hale,_Baroness_Hale_of_Richmond#P39#6
|
What position did Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond take in Jul 2020?
|
Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal . In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 . On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) . Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 . On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court . Early life . Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 . After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year . Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel . Judicial career . Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council at the same time . On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 . On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term . In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits” . In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court . Significant lectures . On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law . In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives . Honours . - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life . - On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher . - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow . Commonwealth honours . - Commonwealth honours Scholastic . - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees Personal life . In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef . Bibliography . - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell , External links . - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004
|
[
"President of the Supreme Court"
] |
[
{
"text": " Brenda Marjorie Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond , ( born 31 January 1945 ) is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020 , and serves as a member of the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "In 2004 , she joined the House of Lords as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She is the only woman to have been appointed to that position . She served as a Law Lord until 2009 when she , along with the other Law Lords , transferred to the new Supreme Court as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . She served as Deputy President of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 5 September 2017 , Hale was appointed under the Premiership of Theresa May to serve as President of the Supreme Court , and was sworn in on 2 October 2017 . She was the third person and first woman to serve in the role . Hale is one of four women to have been appointed to the Supreme Court ( alongside Lady Black , Lady Arden and Lady Rose ) .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Since 30 July 2018 , Hale has been a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong . Hale has also been Honorary President of the Cambridge University Law Society since 2015 .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": " On 11 January 2020 , Lady Hale was succeeded by Lord Reed as President of the Supreme Court .",
"title": "Brenda Hale , Baroness Hale of Richmond"
},
{
"text": "Brenda Marjorie Hale was born on 31 January 1945 in Leeds , West Riding of Yorkshire . Both her parents were headteachers . She has two sisters . Hale lived in Redcar until the age of three when she moved with her parents to Richmond , North Yorkshire . She was educated at the Richmond High School for Girls ( now part of Richmond School ) , where she and her two sisters were all head girls . She later studied at Girton College , Cambridge ( the first from her school to attend Cambridge ) , where she read",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "law . Hale was one of six women in her class , which had 110 men , and graduated with a starred first and top of her class in 1966 .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": " After becoming an assistant law lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester ( now the University of Manchester ) in 1966 and lecturer in 1968 , she was called to the Bar by Grays Inn in 1969 , topping the list in the bar finals for that year .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Working part-time as a barrister , Hale spent 18 years mostly in academia , becoming Reader in 1981 and Professor of Law at Manchester in 1986 . Two years earlier , she became the first woman and youngest person to be appointed to the Law Commission , overseeing a number of important reforms in family law during her nine years with the Commission . In 1989 , she was appointed Queens Counsel .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "Hale was appointed a Recorder ( a part-time circuit judge ) in 1989 , and in 1994 became a judge in the Family Division of the High Court of Justice ( styled The Honourable Mrs Justice Hale ) . Upon her appointment , as is convention , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) . In 1999 , Hale followed Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss to become only the second woman to be appointed to the Court of Appeal ( styled The Right Honourable Lady Justice Hale ) , entering the Privy Council",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "at the same time .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 12 January 2004 , she was appointed the first female Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was created a life peer as Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . In June 2013 , she was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to succeed Lord Hope of Craighead . In July 2017 , she was appointed to be the next President of the Supreme Court , succeeding Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury . She took office in September 2017 .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "On 21 March 2018 , the Hong Kong judiciary announced her nomination as a non-permanent judge from other common law jurisdictions of the Court of Final Appeal . Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin . The appointment was gazetted by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam and took effect 30 July 2018 for a three-year term .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": "In December 2018 , during an interview to mark the centenary of the Sex Disqualification ( Removal ) Act 1919 , Lady Hale argued that the judiciary needed to become more diverse so that the public have greater confidence in judges . Hale called for a more balanced gender representation on the UKs highest court and swifter progress promoting those from minority ethnic backgrounds and with “less privileged lives” . However , Hale objected to the idea of positive discrimination because “no one wants to feel they have got the job in any way other than on their own merits”",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": ".",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " In September 2019 , as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , Lady Hale declared the prime minister Boris Johnsons suspension of parliament unlawful . A ruling which Hale described as a source of , not pride , but satisfaction . In 2020 , Hale reaching the mandatory retirement age , retired from the court .",
"title": "Judicial career"
},
{
"text": " On 10 September 2015 , Hale delivered the Caldwell Public Lecture at the University of Melbourne , Australia , on the topic Protecting Human Rights in the UK Courts : What are we doing wrong? . On 2 November 2018 , Hale delivered an SLS Centenary Lecture at the University of Essex , United Kingdom , on the topic of All Human Beings ? Reflection on the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": "On 7 March 2019 , Hale delivered the University of Cambridge Freshfields law lecture , which she entitled Principle and Pragmatism in Developing Private Law .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " In a 2019 Girton College lecture entitled 100 Years of Women in Law , Hale described the Brenda Agenda ( a neologism coined by her Supreme Court colleague Lord Hope ) as quite simply , the belief that women are equal to men and should enjoy the same rights and freedoms that they do ; but that women’s lives are necessarily sometimes different from men’s and the experience of leading those lives is just as valid and important in shaping the law as is the experience of men’s lives .",
"title": "Significant lectures"
},
{
"text": " - She was appointed as a Queens Counsel ( QC ) in 1989 . - She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the Civil Division in 1994 . upon her appointment as a High Court Justice - She was sworn in as a Member of Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council in 1999 , giving her the honorific title The Right Honourable for life .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": "- On 12 January 2004 She was given a Life Peerage upon being appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary . She took the title Baroness Hale of Richmond , of Easby in the County of North Yorkshire . She sat in the House of Lords as a Crossbencher .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - The Law Building at the University of Salford was named after her in 2008 . - She received an Honorary Fellowship from Bristol University in July 2017 . An Honorary Fellowship is the highest honour the University can bestow .",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"text": " - University degrees - Chancellor , visitor , governor , rector and fellowships - Honorary degrees",
"title": "Scholastic"
},
{
"text": " In 1968 , Hale married Anthony Hoggett , a fellow law lecturer at Manchester , with whom she had one daughter . The marriage was dissolved in 1992 . In the same year , she married Julian Farrand , former dean of the law faculty at Manchester , and subsequently Pensions Ombudsman . In April 2018 , Hale featured as a celebrity judge on BBC cooking show MasterChef .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Parents and Children ( 1977 , 2nd ed . 1981 , Sweet and Maxwell ) - Women and the Law ( as Brenda Hoggett , with Susan Atkins , 1984 , republished 2018 , Institute of Advanced Legal studies , University of London ) - The Family , Law & Society ( with David Pearl , Elizabeth Cooke , Daniel Monk , 2009 , Oxford University Press ) - Mental Health Law ( 2017 , with Penelope Gorman , Rachel Barrett and Jessica Jones , Sweet & Maxwell ,",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"text": " - Profile from The Guardian , 9 January 2004",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Keisuke_Honda#P54#0
|
Which team did Keisuke Honda play for between Dec 2004 and Jan 2007?
|
Keisuke Honda A versatile player , he usually plays as an attacking midfielder , but he can equally play as a winger , a false nine or as a deep-lying playmaker , and frequently featured as a right winger for Milan during the 2014–15 Serie A season . A quick , creative , strong , and useful player , he is also known for his accuracy from bending free-kicks , powerful striking ability from distance , dribbling skills , and delivery as a dead ball specialist . He has earned over 90 international caps between 2008 and 2018 , playing at the 2010 , 2014 and 2018 World Cups . He also won the 2011 Asian Cup , where he was also voted Player of the Tournament . Club career . Early career . Born and raised in Settsu , Honda had belonged to the local junior youth team at Gamba Osaka , but was not promoted to the youth team . When Honda was a Seiryo High School student , he made an appearance at J.League Cup as Special Designated Youth Player in 2004 . After graduating high school , he began his professional career in 2005 , with J1 League side Nagoya Grampus Eight . VVV-Venlo . On 16 January 2008 , Honda signed a two and half-year deal with Eredivisie side VVV-Venlo . In his first six months at VVV , he experienced relegation for the first time in his professional career as his new side went down to Eerste Divisie , the second division . In the 2008–09 season , he scored 16 goals in 36 league appearances to help the team back into the Eredivisie . He became known as Keizer Keisuke ( meaning Emperor Keisuke ) among the clubs fans . Also , Honda introduced his agent , Tetsuro Kiyooka , to Maya Yoshida in 2008 and led him to VVV-Venlo two years later . CSKA Moscow . At the end of December 2009 , Honda transferred to Russian club CSKA Moscow . Honda signed a 4-year contract . The transfer fee was undisclosed , but VVV-Venlo was said to be very content with the fee as it almost matched their asking price ; it is believed to be in the region of €6 million . Honda made his debut for CSKA in the UEFA Champions League match against Sevilla . In the second leg in Seville , he scored the winning goal through a direct free kick for CSKA after having set up the first goal for Tomáš Necid . This secured a 2–1 ( 3–2 aggregate ) victory to send the club to the quarterfinals , making Honda the first Japanese player to be in the quarter-finals as well as the first to score in the knock-out stages . Honda scored his first league goal on 12 March 2010 , in the home match against Amkar Perm . He scored the goal in the third minute of injury time , slotting home a pass from Necid with his left . With the goal , he secured the win for CSKA Moscow . Honda picked up his first piece of silverware with CSKA on 22 May 2011 , coming on as a second-half substitute for Alan Dzagoev in a 2–1 defeat of Alania Vladikavkaz in the Russian Cup final . He netted two goals in the first half of CSKAs match against Krylia Sovetov three days later , a match that ended in a 3–0 victory for his side . On 16 September 2012 , Honda scored twice off passes from Ahmed Musa , scoring the only goals in a league victory over Alania . On 13 July 2013 , Honda scored CSKAs first and third goals in the clubs 3–0 victory over Zenit in the Russian Super Cup match in Rostov . In 2013 summer transfer window , he entered the final six months of his contract with CSKA and became free to talk to other clubs , expressing his interest in moving to a bigger club . On 11 December 2013 , CSKA announced the conclusion of Hondas time at the club . Milan . On 27 October 2013 , Milan manager Massimiliano Allegri announced a deal for Honda to join Milan on a free transfer in January 2014 . Honda officially joined the team on 4 January 2014 on a contract lasting until June 2017 and wore the number 10 jersey . On 12 January 2014 , Honda made his debut coming on as a substitute for Robinho in a 4–3 Serie A defeat to Sassuolo . On 15 January , Honda made his full debut for Milan , scoring in the 3–1 Coppa Italia quarter-final win against Spezia . He scored his first Serie A goal in Genoa-Milan , which was won by the Rossoneri 1–2 . Hondas contribution for Milan in the latter half of the 2013–14 season was considered disappointing , and he himself stated that this is not me . On 31 August 2014 , Honda scored for Milan against Lazio , netting the clubs first goal of the season as the Rossoneri won 3–1 in Filippo Inzaghis Serie A debut as manager . Honda went on to score Milans second goal against Parma on 14 September , helping Milan to win a nine-goal thriller , 5–4 . Honda provided an assist for Giacomo Bonaventuras opening goal and scored a bullet header to restore Milans lead , from Ignazio Abates cross . In Milans next match against Empoli , Honda drilled in a shot on the edge of the box equalizing for Milan as the sides drew 2–2 . Honda scored with a precise free kick over the Chievo wall in a 2–0 win on 4 October . Honda scored his first brace playing for Milan in a 3–1 away win against Verona on 19 October . On 21 May 2017 , Honda scored against Bologna winning the game and thus qualifying Milan to the Europa League for the first time since the 2013–14 season from a free kick . Pachuca . On 14 July 2017 , Mexican club Pachuca announced the signing of Honda . On 23 August 2017 , Honda scored on his debut in a 4–1 win over Veracruz . Melbourne Victory . On 6 August 2018 , Honda signed for Australian A-League side Melbourne Victory . He scored on his A-League debut , in Victorys opening game of the 2018–19 A-League , a 2–1 loss to Melbourne City in the Melbourne Derby . On 3 May 2019 , Honda announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the 2018–19 A-League season , also stating that he will not be signing with an A-League team following his departure . Vitesse . In the succeeding September , Honda publicly offered , on Twitter , to play for Manchester United and A.C . Milan . On 6 November 2019 , he signed a contract for one season at Eredivisie club Vitesse Arnhem . However , after Leonid Slutskys departure , Honda decided to also leave Vitesse after only four league appearances . Botafogo . On 31 January 2020 , Honda signed with Campeonato Brasileiro Série A side Botafogo . On 15 March , he made his debut and scored his first goal , opening the score from a penalty kick in a 1–1 draw against Bangu in the Campeonato Carioca . He left the club on 28 December , three months shy of the end of his contract , stating his frustration with the lack of results and the decisions by the clubs board , which had changed head coaches four times during the season , while also thanking and apologising to the fans . He made 27 appearances across all competitions and scored three goals . Portimonense . On 4 February 2021 , Honda announced that he had reached an agreement with Primeira Liga club Portimonense . The signing was officially confirmed two days later , with Honda joining the Portuguese side on a six-month deal with the option for a one-year extension . The deal , however , broke down after Portmonense was unable to register him in the league , as a LPFP ruling required free agent players to be at least three months in that status in order to be registered outside of the transfer window period ; Honda had spent less than two months out of contract . He parted ways with the club amicably on 11 February . Neftçi . On 15 March 2021 , Honda joined Azerbaijan Premier League club Neftçi PFK on a deal until the end of the season . At the end of the season , Keisuke Honda won Azerbaijan Premier League title with Neftchi Baku . Honda traveled to Agdam after the last match and played football at the Imarat stadium destroyed by Armenians . He said that , yesterday I played against Qarabag in Baku . In fact , Qarabag FC should have hostedtheir home matches where I am now - at the Imaret Stadium in Aghdam . I hope football will be reborn here again . He made 8 appearances across all competitions and scored 2 goals . International career . Senior career . Honda was a member of the Japan team for 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship and played for the U-23 national team , that qualified for 2008 Summer Olympics finals . He made a full international debut for Japan on 22 June 2008 in a World Cup qualifier against Bahrain . On 14 July 2008 , he was formally named as one of the midfielders of the Japanese U-23 national football team for the Beijing Olympics football competition . He scored his first goal for the senior national team on 27 May 2009 in a friendly match against Chile at Nagai Stadium in Osaka and has since been given the nickname Emperor Keisuke . He has scored 20 goals in 52 games for the Japan national team from his debut in 2008 , onwards . 2010 FIFA World Cup . Honda rose to prominence in the 2010 FIFA World Cup and became the countrys newest prospect . He scored the only goal in Japans opening match against Cameroon , finishing off Daisuke Matsuis cross into the top left corner of the net . His performance in the game gained him the Man of the Match Award from FIFA and the 1–0 victory was Japans first World Cup triumph on foreign soil . In the final group-stage game against Denmark , he scored a magnificent free kick in the 17th minute from 30 yards out . He then turned provider for Shinji Okazaki after making his way into the penalty area , with a Cruyff Turn that beat a Denmark player , in the 88th minute to make the score 3–1 to Japan , a performance that earned him the Man of the Match award once more and qualified Japan for the knockout stage . In their round of 16 matchup , Japan were eliminated by Paraguay , falling 3–5 in penalty kicks after the game finished goalless through extra time . Jonathan Wilson of The Guardian cited him as a false nine : a player superficially employed as a centre forward but moving deeper to pull the opposition defence around the pitch . 2011 AFC Asian Cup . Honda was included in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup by coach Alberto Zaccheroni . In the game against Syria , he scored a penalty kick making the score 2–1 for Japan . In the semi-finals against South Korea , he took a penalty kick , but was blocked by Jung Sung-Ryong . However , in the penalty shoot out of the game , he scored and was named Man of the Match . Honda was awarded the most valuable player of the 2011 AFC Asian Cup as Japan lifted a record fourth continental title . 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification . Honda missed the majority of the third round of AFC World Cup qualification due to injury he picked up while playing for his club . During the fourth round of qualifying , on 3 June 2012 , in Japans first game in Group B against Oman , Honda scored a beautiful volley just eleven minutes into the game . The game ended in 3–0 a win for Japan . He continued his scoring streak against Jordan on 8 June 2012 , managing to net a hat-trick ; Japan went on to win 6–0 . He also played a crucial role during their 1–1 draw with Australia on 12 June 2012 , during a corner kick , he assisted a goal which was scored by Yuzo Kurihara . He missed a couple of friendly games and one qualification game due to injury from club duty and was subsequently not included in the squad that was shocked 2-1 by Jordan on 26 March 2013 . Although not 100 percent fit , Honda was named in the squad for the game against Australia on 4 June 2013 , having just won the Russian Cup with his club . All Japan needed from this match was a draw to secure their place for Brazil . He managed to score a goal via penalty kick during extra time from a handball from Matt McKay , making the score 1–1 . The result secured Japans qualification for the World Cup in Brazil and became the first nation to book their place at the tournament . Having won the 2011 AFC Asian Cup , Japan qualified for the Confederations Cup in Brazil in 2013 and Honda was once again included in Zaccheronis squad for the tournament . After losing 3–0 to hosts Brazil in the first group match on 15 June 2013 , Japan faced Italy in the next game ; Honda scored from the penalty spot to put Japan ahead but they fell 4–3 in a pulsating game which dumped the Asian champions out of the competition . 2014 FIFA World Cup . Japan was drawn into Group C in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil having to face Colombia , Greece , and Ivory Coast . In Japans opening game against Ivory Coast , Honda collected a pass from Yuto Nagatomo after a quick throw-in and scored with a left footed shot in the 16th minute of the game . With this goal Honda became the first Japanese player to score in two World Cups , and also claimed sole possession of being the top Japanese scorer in FIFA World Cup history with three total goals . Japan went on to lose 2–1 to the African team . 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda was included in Javier Aguirres 23-man squad for 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda started Japans opener match against Palestine and scored a penalty kick in their 4–0 win . In next match against Iraq , Honda again netted a penalty which Japan won the match 1–0 and the first goal in 2–0 win of Jordan . Honda participated in Japans quarter final match against the United Arab Emirates . After the match ended 1–1 after extra time Honda , who was Japans first kicker in the penalty shootout , missed his kick , shooting above the crossbar , as Japan ended up losing the shootout 5–4 . 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 24 June 2018 , Honda scored a goal against Senegal in the second match of the group stages of Group H . With this goal he became the top scoring Asian player in World Cup history and the only player to register a goal and an assist in each of the last three tournaments . After Japans exit in the Round of 16 , Honda announced his plan to retire from the international stage . Managerial career . Cambodia . In August 2018 , whilst still a player , Honda was named manager of Cambodia . Under this arrangement , Honda will hold weekly conference with Cambodia coaching staff , and will be on the touchline when Cambodias match is in FIFA International match Calendar , with his assistant Felix Dalmas stepping in whenever Honda is unavailable . On 10 September 2018 , Honda lost his opening game as manager of Cambodia 3–1 against Malaysia . Personal life . Coming from a sporting family , Keisuke Hondas older brother was also a footballer . Hondas great-uncle Daisaburo was a canoeist who represented Japan in C-2 1000 metres event at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics . Keisuke Hondas cousin is Tamon Honda , a professional wrestler and former Olympic wrestler , who participated in three Olympic Games in freestyle wrestling in 100 kg at the 1984 , 1988 Games , and in 130 kg at the 1992 showpiece , and is also a former tag team champion , winning the All Asia Tag Team Championship and GHC Tag Team Championship . He married Misako , a kindergarten teacher . Honda has three children . Honours . Club . VVV-Venlo - Eerste Divisie : 2008–09 CSKA Moscow - Russian Premier League : 2012–13 - Russian Cup : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup : 2013 Milan - Supercoppa Italiana : 2016 Neftçi PFK - Azerbaijan Premier League : 2020–21 International . Japan - AFC Asian Cup : 2011 Individual . - Eerste Divisie Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Japanese Footballer of the Year : 2010 - AFC Asian Cup Most Valuable Player : 2011 - AFC Asian Cup Quality Player : 2011 - Best Footballer in Asia : 2013 - AFC Asian Cup Fans All Time Best XI : 2018 - IFFHS AFC Mens Team of the Decade 2011–2020 - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020 External links . - Keisuke Honda at A.C . Milans official website - Keisuke Honda at Official Liga MX Profile
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": " A versatile player , he usually plays as an attacking midfielder , but he can equally play as a winger , a false nine or as a deep-lying playmaker , and frequently featured as a right winger for Milan during the 2014–15 Serie A season . A quick , creative , strong , and useful player , he is also known for his accuracy from bending free-kicks , powerful striking ability from distance , dribbling skills , and delivery as a dead ball specialist .",
"title": "Keisuke Honda"
},
{
"text": "He has earned over 90 international caps between 2008 and 2018 , playing at the 2010 , 2014 and 2018 World Cups . He also won the 2011 Asian Cup , where he was also voted Player of the Tournament .",
"title": "Keisuke Honda"
},
{
"text": " Born and raised in Settsu , Honda had belonged to the local junior youth team at Gamba Osaka , but was not promoted to the youth team . When Honda was a Seiryo High School student , he made an appearance at J.League Cup as Special Designated Youth Player in 2004 . After graduating high school , he began his professional career in 2005 , with J1 League side Nagoya Grampus Eight .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "On 16 January 2008 , Honda signed a two and half-year deal with Eredivisie side VVV-Venlo . In his first six months at VVV , he experienced relegation for the first time in his professional career as his new side went down to Eerste Divisie , the second division . In the 2008–09 season , he scored 16 goals in 36 league appearances to help the team back into the Eredivisie . He became known as Keizer Keisuke ( meaning Emperor Keisuke ) among the clubs fans . Also , Honda introduced his agent , Tetsuro Kiyooka , to Maya",
"title": "VVV-Venlo"
},
{
"text": "Yoshida in 2008 and led him to VVV-Venlo two years later .",
"title": "VVV-Venlo"
},
{
"text": "At the end of December 2009 , Honda transferred to Russian club CSKA Moscow . Honda signed a 4-year contract . The transfer fee was undisclosed , but VVV-Venlo was said to be very content with the fee as it almost matched their asking price ; it is believed to be in the region of €6 million . Honda made his debut for CSKA in the UEFA Champions League match against Sevilla . In the second leg in Seville , he scored the winning goal through a direct free kick for CSKA after having set up the first goal for",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": "Tomáš Necid . This secured a 2–1 ( 3–2 aggregate ) victory to send the club to the quarterfinals , making Honda the first Japanese player to be in the quarter-finals as well as the first to score in the knock-out stages . Honda scored his first league goal on 12 March 2010 , in the home match against Amkar Perm . He scored the goal in the third minute of injury time , slotting home a pass from Necid with his left . With the goal , he secured the win for CSKA Moscow .",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": " Honda picked up his first piece of silverware with CSKA on 22 May 2011 , coming on as a second-half substitute for Alan Dzagoev in a 2–1 defeat of Alania Vladikavkaz in the Russian Cup final . He netted two goals in the first half of CSKAs match against Krylia Sovetov three days later , a match that ended in a 3–0 victory for his side . On 16 September 2012 , Honda scored twice off passes from Ahmed Musa , scoring the only goals in a league victory over Alania .",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": "On 13 July 2013 , Honda scored CSKAs first and third goals in the clubs 3–0 victory over Zenit in the Russian Super Cup match in Rostov . In 2013 summer transfer window , he entered the final six months of his contract with CSKA and became free to talk to other clubs , expressing his interest in moving to a bigger club . On 11 December 2013 , CSKA announced the conclusion of Hondas time at the club .",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": " On 27 October 2013 , Milan manager Massimiliano Allegri announced a deal for Honda to join Milan on a free transfer in January 2014 . Honda officially joined the team on 4 January 2014 on a contract lasting until June 2017 and wore the number 10 jersey .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 12 January 2014 , Honda made his debut coming on as a substitute for Robinho in a 4–3 Serie A defeat to Sassuolo . On 15 January , Honda made his full debut for Milan , scoring in the 3–1 Coppa Italia quarter-final win against Spezia . He scored his first Serie A goal in Genoa-Milan , which was won by the Rossoneri 1–2 . Hondas contribution for Milan in the latter half of the 2013–14 season was considered disappointing , and he himself stated that this is not me .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 31 August 2014 , Honda scored for Milan against Lazio , netting the clubs first goal of the season as the Rossoneri won 3–1 in Filippo Inzaghis Serie A debut as manager . Honda went on to score Milans second goal against Parma on 14 September , helping Milan to win a nine-goal thriller , 5–4 . Honda provided an assist for Giacomo Bonaventuras opening goal and scored a bullet header to restore Milans lead , from Ignazio Abates cross . In Milans next match against Empoli , Honda drilled in a shot on the edge of the box",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "equalizing for Milan as the sides drew 2–2 . Honda scored with a precise free kick over the Chievo wall in a 2–0 win on 4 October . Honda scored his first brace playing for Milan in a 3–1 away win against Verona on 19 October . On 21 May 2017 , Honda scored against Bologna winning the game and thus qualifying Milan to the Europa League for the first time since the 2013–14 season from a free kick .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": " On 14 July 2017 , Mexican club Pachuca announced the signing of Honda . On 23 August 2017 , Honda scored on his debut in a 4–1 win over Veracruz .",
"title": "Pachuca"
},
{
"text": " On 6 August 2018 , Honda signed for Australian A-League side Melbourne Victory . He scored on his A-League debut , in Victorys opening game of the 2018–19 A-League , a 2–1 loss to Melbourne City in the Melbourne Derby . On 3 May 2019 , Honda announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the 2018–19 A-League season , also stating that he will not be signing with an A-League team following his departure .",
"title": "Melbourne Victory"
},
{
"text": " In the succeeding September , Honda publicly offered , on Twitter , to play for Manchester United and A.C . Milan . On 6 November 2019 , he signed a contract for one season at Eredivisie club Vitesse Arnhem . However , after Leonid Slutskys departure , Honda decided to also leave Vitesse after only four league appearances .",
"title": "Vitesse"
},
{
"text": "On 31 January 2020 , Honda signed with Campeonato Brasileiro Série A side Botafogo . On 15 March , he made his debut and scored his first goal , opening the score from a penalty kick in a 1–1 draw against Bangu in the Campeonato Carioca . He left the club on 28 December , three months shy of the end of his contract , stating his frustration with the lack of results and the decisions by the clubs board , which had changed head coaches four times during the season , while also thanking and apologising to the fans",
"title": "Botafogo"
},
{
"text": ". He made 27 appearances across all competitions and scored three goals .",
"title": "Botafogo"
},
{
"text": "On 4 February 2021 , Honda announced that he had reached an agreement with Primeira Liga club Portimonense . The signing was officially confirmed two days later , with Honda joining the Portuguese side on a six-month deal with the option for a one-year extension . The deal , however , broke down after Portmonense was unable to register him in the league , as a LPFP ruling required free agent players to be at least three months in that status in order to be registered outside of the transfer window period ; Honda had spent less than two months",
"title": "Portimonense"
},
{
"text": "out of contract . He parted ways with the club amicably on 11 February .",
"title": "Portimonense"
},
{
"text": " On 15 March 2021 , Honda joined Azerbaijan Premier League club Neftçi PFK on a deal until the end of the season . At the end of the season , Keisuke Honda won Azerbaijan Premier League title with Neftchi Baku .",
"title": "Neftçi"
},
{
"text": "Honda traveled to Agdam after the last match and played football at the Imarat stadium destroyed by Armenians . He said that , yesterday I played against Qarabag in Baku . In fact , Qarabag FC should have hostedtheir home matches where I am now - at the Imaret Stadium in Aghdam . I hope football will be reborn here again .",
"title": "Neftçi"
},
{
"text": "Honda was a member of the Japan team for 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship and played for the U-23 national team , that qualified for 2008 Summer Olympics finals . He made a full international debut for Japan on 22 June 2008 in a World Cup qualifier against Bahrain . On 14 July 2008 , he was formally named as one of the midfielders of the Japanese U-23 national football team for the Beijing Olympics football competition . He scored his first goal for the senior national team on 27 May 2009 in a friendly match against Chile at Nagai",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Stadium in Osaka and has since been given the nickname Emperor Keisuke . He has scored 20 goals in 52 games for the Japan national team from his debut in 2008 , onwards .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Honda rose to prominence in the 2010 FIFA World Cup and became the countrys newest prospect . He scored the only goal in Japans opening match against Cameroon , finishing off Daisuke Matsuis cross into the top left corner of the net . His performance in the game gained him the Man of the Match Award from FIFA and the 1–0 victory was Japans first World Cup triumph on foreign soil . In the final group-stage game against Denmark , he scored a magnificent free kick in the 17th minute from 30 yards out . He then turned provider for",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Shinji Okazaki after making his way into the penalty area , with a Cruyff Turn that beat a Denmark player , in the 88th minute to make the score 3–1 to Japan , a performance that earned him the Man of the Match award once more and qualified Japan for the knockout stage . In their round of 16 matchup , Japan were eliminated by Paraguay , falling 3–5 in penalty kicks after the game finished goalless through extra time .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " Jonathan Wilson of The Guardian cited him as a false nine : a player superficially employed as a centre forward but moving deeper to pull the opposition defence around the pitch . 2011 AFC Asian Cup .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Honda was included in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup by coach Alberto Zaccheroni . In the game against Syria , he scored a penalty kick making the score 2–1 for Japan . In the semi-finals against South Korea , he took a penalty kick , but was blocked by Jung Sung-Ryong . However , in the penalty shoot out of the game , he scored and was named Man of the Match .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " Honda was awarded the most valuable player of the 2011 AFC Asian Cup as Japan lifted a record fourth continental title . 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification . Honda missed the majority of the third round of AFC World Cup qualification due to injury he picked up while playing for his club .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "During the fourth round of qualifying , on 3 June 2012 , in Japans first game in Group B against Oman , Honda scored a beautiful volley just eleven minutes into the game . The game ended in 3–0 a win for Japan . He continued his scoring streak against Jordan on 8 June 2012 , managing to net a hat-trick ; Japan went on to win 6–0 . He also played a crucial role during their 1–1 draw with Australia on 12 June 2012 , during a corner kick , he assisted a goal which was scored by Yuzo",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Kurihara .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "He missed a couple of friendly games and one qualification game due to injury from club duty and was subsequently not included in the squad that was shocked 2-1 by Jordan on 26 March 2013 . Although not 100 percent fit , Honda was named in the squad for the game against Australia on 4 June 2013 , having just won the Russian Cup with his club . All Japan needed from this match was a draw to secure their place for Brazil . He managed to score a goal via penalty kick during extra time from a handball from",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Matt McKay , making the score 1–1 . The result secured Japans qualification for the World Cup in Brazil and became the first nation to book their place at the tournament .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " Having won the 2011 AFC Asian Cup , Japan qualified for the Confederations Cup in Brazil in 2013 and Honda was once again included in Zaccheronis squad for the tournament . After losing 3–0 to hosts Brazil in the first group match on 15 June 2013 , Japan faced Italy in the next game ; Honda scored from the penalty spot to put Japan ahead but they fell 4–3 in a pulsating game which dumped the Asian champions out of the competition . 2014 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Japan was drawn into Group C in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil having to face Colombia , Greece , and Ivory Coast . In Japans opening game against Ivory Coast , Honda collected a pass from Yuto Nagatomo after a quick throw-in and scored with a left footed shot in the 16th minute of the game . With this goal Honda became the first Japanese player to score in two World Cups , and also claimed sole possession of being the top Japanese scorer in FIFA World Cup history with three total goals . Japan went on to",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "lose 2–1 to the African team .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda was included in Javier Aguirres 23-man squad for 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda started Japans opener match against Palestine and scored a penalty kick in their 4–0 win . In next match against Iraq , Honda again netted a penalty which Japan won the match 1–0 and the first goal in 2–0 win of Jordan .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Honda participated in Japans quarter final match against the United Arab Emirates . After the match ended 1–1 after extra time Honda , who was Japans first kicker in the penalty shootout , missed his kick , shooting above the crossbar , as Japan ended up losing the shootout 5–4 .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 24 June 2018 , Honda scored a goal against Senegal in the second match of the group stages of Group H . With this goal he became the top scoring Asian player in World Cup history and the only player to register a goal and an assist in each of the last three tournaments . After Japans exit in the Round of 16 , Honda announced his plan to retire from the international stage .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2018 , whilst still a player , Honda was named manager of Cambodia . Under this arrangement , Honda will hold weekly conference with Cambodia coaching staff , and will be on the touchline when Cambodias match is in FIFA International match Calendar , with his assistant Felix Dalmas stepping in whenever Honda is unavailable . On 10 September 2018 , Honda lost his opening game as manager of Cambodia 3–1 against Malaysia .",
"title": "Cambodia"
},
{
"text": "Coming from a sporting family , Keisuke Hondas older brother was also a footballer . Hondas great-uncle Daisaburo was a canoeist who represented Japan in C-2 1000 metres event at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics . Keisuke Hondas cousin is Tamon Honda , a professional wrestler and former Olympic wrestler , who participated in three Olympic Games in freestyle wrestling in 100 kg at the 1984 , 1988 Games , and in 130 kg at the 1992 showpiece , and is also a former tag team champion , winning the All Asia Tag Team Championship and GHC Tag Team Championship .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Russian Premier League : 2012–13 - Russian Cup : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup : 2013",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": " - Eerste Divisie Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Japanese Footballer of the Year : 2010 - AFC Asian Cup Most Valuable Player : 2011 - AFC Asian Cup Quality Player : 2011 - Best Footballer in Asia : 2013 - AFC Asian Cup Fans All Time Best XI : 2018 - IFFHS AFC Mens Team of the Decade 2011–2020 - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Keisuke Honda at A.C . Milans official website - Keisuke Honda at Official Liga MX Profile",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Keisuke_Honda#P54#1
|
Which team did Keisuke Honda play for between Jan 2008 and Apr 2008?
|
Keisuke Honda A versatile player , he usually plays as an attacking midfielder , but he can equally play as a winger , a false nine or as a deep-lying playmaker , and frequently featured as a right winger for Milan during the 2014–15 Serie A season . A quick , creative , strong , and useful player , he is also known for his accuracy from bending free-kicks , powerful striking ability from distance , dribbling skills , and delivery as a dead ball specialist . He has earned over 90 international caps between 2008 and 2018 , playing at the 2010 , 2014 and 2018 World Cups . He also won the 2011 Asian Cup , where he was also voted Player of the Tournament . Club career . Early career . Born and raised in Settsu , Honda had belonged to the local junior youth team at Gamba Osaka , but was not promoted to the youth team . When Honda was a Seiryo High School student , he made an appearance at J.League Cup as Special Designated Youth Player in 2004 . After graduating high school , he began his professional career in 2005 , with J1 League side Nagoya Grampus Eight . VVV-Venlo . On 16 January 2008 , Honda signed a two and half-year deal with Eredivisie side VVV-Venlo . In his first six months at VVV , he experienced relegation for the first time in his professional career as his new side went down to Eerste Divisie , the second division . In the 2008–09 season , he scored 16 goals in 36 league appearances to help the team back into the Eredivisie . He became known as Keizer Keisuke ( meaning Emperor Keisuke ) among the clubs fans . Also , Honda introduced his agent , Tetsuro Kiyooka , to Maya Yoshida in 2008 and led him to VVV-Venlo two years later . CSKA Moscow . At the end of December 2009 , Honda transferred to Russian club CSKA Moscow . Honda signed a 4-year contract . The transfer fee was undisclosed , but VVV-Venlo was said to be very content with the fee as it almost matched their asking price ; it is believed to be in the region of €6 million . Honda made his debut for CSKA in the UEFA Champions League match against Sevilla . In the second leg in Seville , he scored the winning goal through a direct free kick for CSKA after having set up the first goal for Tomáš Necid . This secured a 2–1 ( 3–2 aggregate ) victory to send the club to the quarterfinals , making Honda the first Japanese player to be in the quarter-finals as well as the first to score in the knock-out stages . Honda scored his first league goal on 12 March 2010 , in the home match against Amkar Perm . He scored the goal in the third minute of injury time , slotting home a pass from Necid with his left . With the goal , he secured the win for CSKA Moscow . Honda picked up his first piece of silverware with CSKA on 22 May 2011 , coming on as a second-half substitute for Alan Dzagoev in a 2–1 defeat of Alania Vladikavkaz in the Russian Cup final . He netted two goals in the first half of CSKAs match against Krylia Sovetov three days later , a match that ended in a 3–0 victory for his side . On 16 September 2012 , Honda scored twice off passes from Ahmed Musa , scoring the only goals in a league victory over Alania . On 13 July 2013 , Honda scored CSKAs first and third goals in the clubs 3–0 victory over Zenit in the Russian Super Cup match in Rostov . In 2013 summer transfer window , he entered the final six months of his contract with CSKA and became free to talk to other clubs , expressing his interest in moving to a bigger club . On 11 December 2013 , CSKA announced the conclusion of Hondas time at the club . Milan . On 27 October 2013 , Milan manager Massimiliano Allegri announced a deal for Honda to join Milan on a free transfer in January 2014 . Honda officially joined the team on 4 January 2014 on a contract lasting until June 2017 and wore the number 10 jersey . On 12 January 2014 , Honda made his debut coming on as a substitute for Robinho in a 4–3 Serie A defeat to Sassuolo . On 15 January , Honda made his full debut for Milan , scoring in the 3–1 Coppa Italia quarter-final win against Spezia . He scored his first Serie A goal in Genoa-Milan , which was won by the Rossoneri 1–2 . Hondas contribution for Milan in the latter half of the 2013–14 season was considered disappointing , and he himself stated that this is not me . On 31 August 2014 , Honda scored for Milan against Lazio , netting the clubs first goal of the season as the Rossoneri won 3–1 in Filippo Inzaghis Serie A debut as manager . Honda went on to score Milans second goal against Parma on 14 September , helping Milan to win a nine-goal thriller , 5–4 . Honda provided an assist for Giacomo Bonaventuras opening goal and scored a bullet header to restore Milans lead , from Ignazio Abates cross . In Milans next match against Empoli , Honda drilled in a shot on the edge of the box equalizing for Milan as the sides drew 2–2 . Honda scored with a precise free kick over the Chievo wall in a 2–0 win on 4 October . Honda scored his first brace playing for Milan in a 3–1 away win against Verona on 19 October . On 21 May 2017 , Honda scored against Bologna winning the game and thus qualifying Milan to the Europa League for the first time since the 2013–14 season from a free kick . Pachuca . On 14 July 2017 , Mexican club Pachuca announced the signing of Honda . On 23 August 2017 , Honda scored on his debut in a 4–1 win over Veracruz . Melbourne Victory . On 6 August 2018 , Honda signed for Australian A-League side Melbourne Victory . He scored on his A-League debut , in Victorys opening game of the 2018–19 A-League , a 2–1 loss to Melbourne City in the Melbourne Derby . On 3 May 2019 , Honda announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the 2018–19 A-League season , also stating that he will not be signing with an A-League team following his departure . Vitesse . In the succeeding September , Honda publicly offered , on Twitter , to play for Manchester United and A.C . Milan . On 6 November 2019 , he signed a contract for one season at Eredivisie club Vitesse Arnhem . However , after Leonid Slutskys departure , Honda decided to also leave Vitesse after only four league appearances . Botafogo . On 31 January 2020 , Honda signed with Campeonato Brasileiro Série A side Botafogo . On 15 March , he made his debut and scored his first goal , opening the score from a penalty kick in a 1–1 draw against Bangu in the Campeonato Carioca . He left the club on 28 December , three months shy of the end of his contract , stating his frustration with the lack of results and the decisions by the clubs board , which had changed head coaches four times during the season , while also thanking and apologising to the fans . He made 27 appearances across all competitions and scored three goals . Portimonense . On 4 February 2021 , Honda announced that he had reached an agreement with Primeira Liga club Portimonense . The signing was officially confirmed two days later , with Honda joining the Portuguese side on a six-month deal with the option for a one-year extension . The deal , however , broke down after Portmonense was unable to register him in the league , as a LPFP ruling required free agent players to be at least three months in that status in order to be registered outside of the transfer window period ; Honda had spent less than two months out of contract . He parted ways with the club amicably on 11 February . Neftçi . On 15 March 2021 , Honda joined Azerbaijan Premier League club Neftçi PFK on a deal until the end of the season . At the end of the season , Keisuke Honda won Azerbaijan Premier League title with Neftchi Baku . Honda traveled to Agdam after the last match and played football at the Imarat stadium destroyed by Armenians . He said that , yesterday I played against Qarabag in Baku . In fact , Qarabag FC should have hostedtheir home matches where I am now - at the Imaret Stadium in Aghdam . I hope football will be reborn here again . He made 8 appearances across all competitions and scored 2 goals . International career . Senior career . Honda was a member of the Japan team for 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship and played for the U-23 national team , that qualified for 2008 Summer Olympics finals . He made a full international debut for Japan on 22 June 2008 in a World Cup qualifier against Bahrain . On 14 July 2008 , he was formally named as one of the midfielders of the Japanese U-23 national football team for the Beijing Olympics football competition . He scored his first goal for the senior national team on 27 May 2009 in a friendly match against Chile at Nagai Stadium in Osaka and has since been given the nickname Emperor Keisuke . He has scored 20 goals in 52 games for the Japan national team from his debut in 2008 , onwards . 2010 FIFA World Cup . Honda rose to prominence in the 2010 FIFA World Cup and became the countrys newest prospect . He scored the only goal in Japans opening match against Cameroon , finishing off Daisuke Matsuis cross into the top left corner of the net . His performance in the game gained him the Man of the Match Award from FIFA and the 1–0 victory was Japans first World Cup triumph on foreign soil . In the final group-stage game against Denmark , he scored a magnificent free kick in the 17th minute from 30 yards out . He then turned provider for Shinji Okazaki after making his way into the penalty area , with a Cruyff Turn that beat a Denmark player , in the 88th minute to make the score 3–1 to Japan , a performance that earned him the Man of the Match award once more and qualified Japan for the knockout stage . In their round of 16 matchup , Japan were eliminated by Paraguay , falling 3–5 in penalty kicks after the game finished goalless through extra time . Jonathan Wilson of The Guardian cited him as a false nine : a player superficially employed as a centre forward but moving deeper to pull the opposition defence around the pitch . 2011 AFC Asian Cup . Honda was included in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup by coach Alberto Zaccheroni . In the game against Syria , he scored a penalty kick making the score 2–1 for Japan . In the semi-finals against South Korea , he took a penalty kick , but was blocked by Jung Sung-Ryong . However , in the penalty shoot out of the game , he scored and was named Man of the Match . Honda was awarded the most valuable player of the 2011 AFC Asian Cup as Japan lifted a record fourth continental title . 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification . Honda missed the majority of the third round of AFC World Cup qualification due to injury he picked up while playing for his club . During the fourth round of qualifying , on 3 June 2012 , in Japans first game in Group B against Oman , Honda scored a beautiful volley just eleven minutes into the game . The game ended in 3–0 a win for Japan . He continued his scoring streak against Jordan on 8 June 2012 , managing to net a hat-trick ; Japan went on to win 6–0 . He also played a crucial role during their 1–1 draw with Australia on 12 June 2012 , during a corner kick , he assisted a goal which was scored by Yuzo Kurihara . He missed a couple of friendly games and one qualification game due to injury from club duty and was subsequently not included in the squad that was shocked 2-1 by Jordan on 26 March 2013 . Although not 100 percent fit , Honda was named in the squad for the game against Australia on 4 June 2013 , having just won the Russian Cup with his club . All Japan needed from this match was a draw to secure their place for Brazil . He managed to score a goal via penalty kick during extra time from a handball from Matt McKay , making the score 1–1 . The result secured Japans qualification for the World Cup in Brazil and became the first nation to book their place at the tournament . Having won the 2011 AFC Asian Cup , Japan qualified for the Confederations Cup in Brazil in 2013 and Honda was once again included in Zaccheronis squad for the tournament . After losing 3–0 to hosts Brazil in the first group match on 15 June 2013 , Japan faced Italy in the next game ; Honda scored from the penalty spot to put Japan ahead but they fell 4–3 in a pulsating game which dumped the Asian champions out of the competition . 2014 FIFA World Cup . Japan was drawn into Group C in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil having to face Colombia , Greece , and Ivory Coast . In Japans opening game against Ivory Coast , Honda collected a pass from Yuto Nagatomo after a quick throw-in and scored with a left footed shot in the 16th minute of the game . With this goal Honda became the first Japanese player to score in two World Cups , and also claimed sole possession of being the top Japanese scorer in FIFA World Cup history with three total goals . Japan went on to lose 2–1 to the African team . 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda was included in Javier Aguirres 23-man squad for 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda started Japans opener match against Palestine and scored a penalty kick in their 4–0 win . In next match against Iraq , Honda again netted a penalty which Japan won the match 1–0 and the first goal in 2–0 win of Jordan . Honda participated in Japans quarter final match against the United Arab Emirates . After the match ended 1–1 after extra time Honda , who was Japans first kicker in the penalty shootout , missed his kick , shooting above the crossbar , as Japan ended up losing the shootout 5–4 . 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 24 June 2018 , Honda scored a goal against Senegal in the second match of the group stages of Group H . With this goal he became the top scoring Asian player in World Cup history and the only player to register a goal and an assist in each of the last three tournaments . After Japans exit in the Round of 16 , Honda announced his plan to retire from the international stage . Managerial career . Cambodia . In August 2018 , whilst still a player , Honda was named manager of Cambodia . Under this arrangement , Honda will hold weekly conference with Cambodia coaching staff , and will be on the touchline when Cambodias match is in FIFA International match Calendar , with his assistant Felix Dalmas stepping in whenever Honda is unavailable . On 10 September 2018 , Honda lost his opening game as manager of Cambodia 3–1 against Malaysia . Personal life . Coming from a sporting family , Keisuke Hondas older brother was also a footballer . Hondas great-uncle Daisaburo was a canoeist who represented Japan in C-2 1000 metres event at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics . Keisuke Hondas cousin is Tamon Honda , a professional wrestler and former Olympic wrestler , who participated in three Olympic Games in freestyle wrestling in 100 kg at the 1984 , 1988 Games , and in 130 kg at the 1992 showpiece , and is also a former tag team champion , winning the All Asia Tag Team Championship and GHC Tag Team Championship . He married Misako , a kindergarten teacher . Honda has three children . Honours . Club . VVV-Venlo - Eerste Divisie : 2008–09 CSKA Moscow - Russian Premier League : 2012–13 - Russian Cup : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup : 2013 Milan - Supercoppa Italiana : 2016 Neftçi PFK - Azerbaijan Premier League : 2020–21 International . Japan - AFC Asian Cup : 2011 Individual . - Eerste Divisie Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Japanese Footballer of the Year : 2010 - AFC Asian Cup Most Valuable Player : 2011 - AFC Asian Cup Quality Player : 2011 - Best Footballer in Asia : 2013 - AFC Asian Cup Fans All Time Best XI : 2018 - IFFHS AFC Mens Team of the Decade 2011–2020 - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020 External links . - Keisuke Honda at A.C . Milans official website - Keisuke Honda at Official Liga MX Profile
|
[
"VVV-Venlo"
] |
[
{
"text": " A versatile player , he usually plays as an attacking midfielder , but he can equally play as a winger , a false nine or as a deep-lying playmaker , and frequently featured as a right winger for Milan during the 2014–15 Serie A season . A quick , creative , strong , and useful player , he is also known for his accuracy from bending free-kicks , powerful striking ability from distance , dribbling skills , and delivery as a dead ball specialist .",
"title": "Keisuke Honda"
},
{
"text": "He has earned over 90 international caps between 2008 and 2018 , playing at the 2010 , 2014 and 2018 World Cups . He also won the 2011 Asian Cup , where he was also voted Player of the Tournament .",
"title": "Keisuke Honda"
},
{
"text": " Born and raised in Settsu , Honda had belonged to the local junior youth team at Gamba Osaka , but was not promoted to the youth team . When Honda was a Seiryo High School student , he made an appearance at J.League Cup as Special Designated Youth Player in 2004 . After graduating high school , he began his professional career in 2005 , with J1 League side Nagoya Grampus Eight .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "On 16 January 2008 , Honda signed a two and half-year deal with Eredivisie side VVV-Venlo . In his first six months at VVV , he experienced relegation for the first time in his professional career as his new side went down to Eerste Divisie , the second division . In the 2008–09 season , he scored 16 goals in 36 league appearances to help the team back into the Eredivisie . He became known as Keizer Keisuke ( meaning Emperor Keisuke ) among the clubs fans . Also , Honda introduced his agent , Tetsuro Kiyooka , to Maya",
"title": "VVV-Venlo"
},
{
"text": "Yoshida in 2008 and led him to VVV-Venlo two years later .",
"title": "VVV-Venlo"
},
{
"text": "At the end of December 2009 , Honda transferred to Russian club CSKA Moscow . Honda signed a 4-year contract . The transfer fee was undisclosed , but VVV-Venlo was said to be very content with the fee as it almost matched their asking price ; it is believed to be in the region of €6 million . Honda made his debut for CSKA in the UEFA Champions League match against Sevilla . In the second leg in Seville , he scored the winning goal through a direct free kick for CSKA after having set up the first goal for",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": "Tomáš Necid . This secured a 2–1 ( 3–2 aggregate ) victory to send the club to the quarterfinals , making Honda the first Japanese player to be in the quarter-finals as well as the first to score in the knock-out stages . Honda scored his first league goal on 12 March 2010 , in the home match against Amkar Perm . He scored the goal in the third minute of injury time , slotting home a pass from Necid with his left . With the goal , he secured the win for CSKA Moscow .",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": " Honda picked up his first piece of silverware with CSKA on 22 May 2011 , coming on as a second-half substitute for Alan Dzagoev in a 2–1 defeat of Alania Vladikavkaz in the Russian Cup final . He netted two goals in the first half of CSKAs match against Krylia Sovetov three days later , a match that ended in a 3–0 victory for his side . On 16 September 2012 , Honda scored twice off passes from Ahmed Musa , scoring the only goals in a league victory over Alania .",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": "On 13 July 2013 , Honda scored CSKAs first and third goals in the clubs 3–0 victory over Zenit in the Russian Super Cup match in Rostov . In 2013 summer transfer window , he entered the final six months of his contract with CSKA and became free to talk to other clubs , expressing his interest in moving to a bigger club . On 11 December 2013 , CSKA announced the conclusion of Hondas time at the club .",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": " On 27 October 2013 , Milan manager Massimiliano Allegri announced a deal for Honda to join Milan on a free transfer in January 2014 . Honda officially joined the team on 4 January 2014 on a contract lasting until June 2017 and wore the number 10 jersey .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 12 January 2014 , Honda made his debut coming on as a substitute for Robinho in a 4–3 Serie A defeat to Sassuolo . On 15 January , Honda made his full debut for Milan , scoring in the 3–1 Coppa Italia quarter-final win against Spezia . He scored his first Serie A goal in Genoa-Milan , which was won by the Rossoneri 1–2 . Hondas contribution for Milan in the latter half of the 2013–14 season was considered disappointing , and he himself stated that this is not me .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 31 August 2014 , Honda scored for Milan against Lazio , netting the clubs first goal of the season as the Rossoneri won 3–1 in Filippo Inzaghis Serie A debut as manager . Honda went on to score Milans second goal against Parma on 14 September , helping Milan to win a nine-goal thriller , 5–4 . Honda provided an assist for Giacomo Bonaventuras opening goal and scored a bullet header to restore Milans lead , from Ignazio Abates cross . In Milans next match against Empoli , Honda drilled in a shot on the edge of the box",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "equalizing for Milan as the sides drew 2–2 . Honda scored with a precise free kick over the Chievo wall in a 2–0 win on 4 October . Honda scored his first brace playing for Milan in a 3–1 away win against Verona on 19 October . On 21 May 2017 , Honda scored against Bologna winning the game and thus qualifying Milan to the Europa League for the first time since the 2013–14 season from a free kick .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": " On 14 July 2017 , Mexican club Pachuca announced the signing of Honda . On 23 August 2017 , Honda scored on his debut in a 4–1 win over Veracruz .",
"title": "Pachuca"
},
{
"text": " On 6 August 2018 , Honda signed for Australian A-League side Melbourne Victory . He scored on his A-League debut , in Victorys opening game of the 2018–19 A-League , a 2–1 loss to Melbourne City in the Melbourne Derby . On 3 May 2019 , Honda announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the 2018–19 A-League season , also stating that he will not be signing with an A-League team following his departure .",
"title": "Melbourne Victory"
},
{
"text": " In the succeeding September , Honda publicly offered , on Twitter , to play for Manchester United and A.C . Milan . On 6 November 2019 , he signed a contract for one season at Eredivisie club Vitesse Arnhem . However , after Leonid Slutskys departure , Honda decided to also leave Vitesse after only four league appearances .",
"title": "Vitesse"
},
{
"text": "On 31 January 2020 , Honda signed with Campeonato Brasileiro Série A side Botafogo . On 15 March , he made his debut and scored his first goal , opening the score from a penalty kick in a 1–1 draw against Bangu in the Campeonato Carioca . He left the club on 28 December , three months shy of the end of his contract , stating his frustration with the lack of results and the decisions by the clubs board , which had changed head coaches four times during the season , while also thanking and apologising to the fans",
"title": "Botafogo"
},
{
"text": ". He made 27 appearances across all competitions and scored three goals .",
"title": "Botafogo"
},
{
"text": "On 4 February 2021 , Honda announced that he had reached an agreement with Primeira Liga club Portimonense . The signing was officially confirmed two days later , with Honda joining the Portuguese side on a six-month deal with the option for a one-year extension . The deal , however , broke down after Portmonense was unable to register him in the league , as a LPFP ruling required free agent players to be at least three months in that status in order to be registered outside of the transfer window period ; Honda had spent less than two months",
"title": "Portimonense"
},
{
"text": "out of contract . He parted ways with the club amicably on 11 February .",
"title": "Portimonense"
},
{
"text": " On 15 March 2021 , Honda joined Azerbaijan Premier League club Neftçi PFK on a deal until the end of the season . At the end of the season , Keisuke Honda won Azerbaijan Premier League title with Neftchi Baku .",
"title": "Neftçi"
},
{
"text": "Honda traveled to Agdam after the last match and played football at the Imarat stadium destroyed by Armenians . He said that , yesterday I played against Qarabag in Baku . In fact , Qarabag FC should have hostedtheir home matches where I am now - at the Imaret Stadium in Aghdam . I hope football will be reborn here again .",
"title": "Neftçi"
},
{
"text": "Honda was a member of the Japan team for 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship and played for the U-23 national team , that qualified for 2008 Summer Olympics finals . He made a full international debut for Japan on 22 June 2008 in a World Cup qualifier against Bahrain . On 14 July 2008 , he was formally named as one of the midfielders of the Japanese U-23 national football team for the Beijing Olympics football competition . He scored his first goal for the senior national team on 27 May 2009 in a friendly match against Chile at Nagai",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Stadium in Osaka and has since been given the nickname Emperor Keisuke . He has scored 20 goals in 52 games for the Japan national team from his debut in 2008 , onwards .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Honda rose to prominence in the 2010 FIFA World Cup and became the countrys newest prospect . He scored the only goal in Japans opening match against Cameroon , finishing off Daisuke Matsuis cross into the top left corner of the net . His performance in the game gained him the Man of the Match Award from FIFA and the 1–0 victory was Japans first World Cup triumph on foreign soil . In the final group-stage game against Denmark , he scored a magnificent free kick in the 17th minute from 30 yards out . He then turned provider for",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Shinji Okazaki after making his way into the penalty area , with a Cruyff Turn that beat a Denmark player , in the 88th minute to make the score 3–1 to Japan , a performance that earned him the Man of the Match award once more and qualified Japan for the knockout stage . In their round of 16 matchup , Japan were eliminated by Paraguay , falling 3–5 in penalty kicks after the game finished goalless through extra time .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " Jonathan Wilson of The Guardian cited him as a false nine : a player superficially employed as a centre forward but moving deeper to pull the opposition defence around the pitch . 2011 AFC Asian Cup .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Honda was included in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup by coach Alberto Zaccheroni . In the game against Syria , he scored a penalty kick making the score 2–1 for Japan . In the semi-finals against South Korea , he took a penalty kick , but was blocked by Jung Sung-Ryong . However , in the penalty shoot out of the game , he scored and was named Man of the Match .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " Honda was awarded the most valuable player of the 2011 AFC Asian Cup as Japan lifted a record fourth continental title . 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification . Honda missed the majority of the third round of AFC World Cup qualification due to injury he picked up while playing for his club .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "During the fourth round of qualifying , on 3 June 2012 , in Japans first game in Group B against Oman , Honda scored a beautiful volley just eleven minutes into the game . The game ended in 3–0 a win for Japan . He continued his scoring streak against Jordan on 8 June 2012 , managing to net a hat-trick ; Japan went on to win 6–0 . He also played a crucial role during their 1–1 draw with Australia on 12 June 2012 , during a corner kick , he assisted a goal which was scored by Yuzo",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Kurihara .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "He missed a couple of friendly games and one qualification game due to injury from club duty and was subsequently not included in the squad that was shocked 2-1 by Jordan on 26 March 2013 . Although not 100 percent fit , Honda was named in the squad for the game against Australia on 4 June 2013 , having just won the Russian Cup with his club . All Japan needed from this match was a draw to secure their place for Brazil . He managed to score a goal via penalty kick during extra time from a handball from",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Matt McKay , making the score 1–1 . The result secured Japans qualification for the World Cup in Brazil and became the first nation to book their place at the tournament .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " Having won the 2011 AFC Asian Cup , Japan qualified for the Confederations Cup in Brazil in 2013 and Honda was once again included in Zaccheronis squad for the tournament . After losing 3–0 to hosts Brazil in the first group match on 15 June 2013 , Japan faced Italy in the next game ; Honda scored from the penalty spot to put Japan ahead but they fell 4–3 in a pulsating game which dumped the Asian champions out of the competition . 2014 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Japan was drawn into Group C in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil having to face Colombia , Greece , and Ivory Coast . In Japans opening game against Ivory Coast , Honda collected a pass from Yuto Nagatomo after a quick throw-in and scored with a left footed shot in the 16th minute of the game . With this goal Honda became the first Japanese player to score in two World Cups , and also claimed sole possession of being the top Japanese scorer in FIFA World Cup history with three total goals . Japan went on to",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "lose 2–1 to the African team .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda was included in Javier Aguirres 23-man squad for 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda started Japans opener match against Palestine and scored a penalty kick in their 4–0 win . In next match against Iraq , Honda again netted a penalty which Japan won the match 1–0 and the first goal in 2–0 win of Jordan .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Honda participated in Japans quarter final match against the United Arab Emirates . After the match ended 1–1 after extra time Honda , who was Japans first kicker in the penalty shootout , missed his kick , shooting above the crossbar , as Japan ended up losing the shootout 5–4 .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 24 June 2018 , Honda scored a goal against Senegal in the second match of the group stages of Group H . With this goal he became the top scoring Asian player in World Cup history and the only player to register a goal and an assist in each of the last three tournaments . After Japans exit in the Round of 16 , Honda announced his plan to retire from the international stage .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2018 , whilst still a player , Honda was named manager of Cambodia . Under this arrangement , Honda will hold weekly conference with Cambodia coaching staff , and will be on the touchline when Cambodias match is in FIFA International match Calendar , with his assistant Felix Dalmas stepping in whenever Honda is unavailable . On 10 September 2018 , Honda lost his opening game as manager of Cambodia 3–1 against Malaysia .",
"title": "Cambodia"
},
{
"text": "Coming from a sporting family , Keisuke Hondas older brother was also a footballer . Hondas great-uncle Daisaburo was a canoeist who represented Japan in C-2 1000 metres event at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics . Keisuke Hondas cousin is Tamon Honda , a professional wrestler and former Olympic wrestler , who participated in three Olympic Games in freestyle wrestling in 100 kg at the 1984 , 1988 Games , and in 130 kg at the 1992 showpiece , and is also a former tag team champion , winning the All Asia Tag Team Championship and GHC Tag Team Championship .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Russian Premier League : 2012–13 - Russian Cup : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup : 2013",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": " - Eerste Divisie Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Japanese Footballer of the Year : 2010 - AFC Asian Cup Most Valuable Player : 2011 - AFC Asian Cup Quality Player : 2011 - Best Footballer in Asia : 2013 - AFC Asian Cup Fans All Time Best XI : 2018 - IFFHS AFC Mens Team of the Decade 2011–2020 - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Keisuke Honda at A.C . Milans official website - Keisuke Honda at Official Liga MX Profile",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Keisuke_Honda#P54#2
|
Which team did Keisuke Honda play for in early 2010s?
|
Keisuke Honda A versatile player , he usually plays as an attacking midfielder , but he can equally play as a winger , a false nine or as a deep-lying playmaker , and frequently featured as a right winger for Milan during the 2014–15 Serie A season . A quick , creative , strong , and useful player , he is also known for his accuracy from bending free-kicks , powerful striking ability from distance , dribbling skills , and delivery as a dead ball specialist . He has earned over 90 international caps between 2008 and 2018 , playing at the 2010 , 2014 and 2018 World Cups . He also won the 2011 Asian Cup , where he was also voted Player of the Tournament . Club career . Early career . Born and raised in Settsu , Honda had belonged to the local junior youth team at Gamba Osaka , but was not promoted to the youth team . When Honda was a Seiryo High School student , he made an appearance at J.League Cup as Special Designated Youth Player in 2004 . After graduating high school , he began his professional career in 2005 , with J1 League side Nagoya Grampus Eight . VVV-Venlo . On 16 January 2008 , Honda signed a two and half-year deal with Eredivisie side VVV-Venlo . In his first six months at VVV , he experienced relegation for the first time in his professional career as his new side went down to Eerste Divisie , the second division . In the 2008–09 season , he scored 16 goals in 36 league appearances to help the team back into the Eredivisie . He became known as Keizer Keisuke ( meaning Emperor Keisuke ) among the clubs fans . Also , Honda introduced his agent , Tetsuro Kiyooka , to Maya Yoshida in 2008 and led him to VVV-Venlo two years later . CSKA Moscow . At the end of December 2009 , Honda transferred to Russian club CSKA Moscow . Honda signed a 4-year contract . The transfer fee was undisclosed , but VVV-Venlo was said to be very content with the fee as it almost matched their asking price ; it is believed to be in the region of €6 million . Honda made his debut for CSKA in the UEFA Champions League match against Sevilla . In the second leg in Seville , he scored the winning goal through a direct free kick for CSKA after having set up the first goal for Tomáš Necid . This secured a 2–1 ( 3–2 aggregate ) victory to send the club to the quarterfinals , making Honda the first Japanese player to be in the quarter-finals as well as the first to score in the knock-out stages . Honda scored his first league goal on 12 March 2010 , in the home match against Amkar Perm . He scored the goal in the third minute of injury time , slotting home a pass from Necid with his left . With the goal , he secured the win for CSKA Moscow . Honda picked up his first piece of silverware with CSKA on 22 May 2011 , coming on as a second-half substitute for Alan Dzagoev in a 2–1 defeat of Alania Vladikavkaz in the Russian Cup final . He netted two goals in the first half of CSKAs match against Krylia Sovetov three days later , a match that ended in a 3–0 victory for his side . On 16 September 2012 , Honda scored twice off passes from Ahmed Musa , scoring the only goals in a league victory over Alania . On 13 July 2013 , Honda scored CSKAs first and third goals in the clubs 3–0 victory over Zenit in the Russian Super Cup match in Rostov . In 2013 summer transfer window , he entered the final six months of his contract with CSKA and became free to talk to other clubs , expressing his interest in moving to a bigger club . On 11 December 2013 , CSKA announced the conclusion of Hondas time at the club . Milan . On 27 October 2013 , Milan manager Massimiliano Allegri announced a deal for Honda to join Milan on a free transfer in January 2014 . Honda officially joined the team on 4 January 2014 on a contract lasting until June 2017 and wore the number 10 jersey . On 12 January 2014 , Honda made his debut coming on as a substitute for Robinho in a 4–3 Serie A defeat to Sassuolo . On 15 January , Honda made his full debut for Milan , scoring in the 3–1 Coppa Italia quarter-final win against Spezia . He scored his first Serie A goal in Genoa-Milan , which was won by the Rossoneri 1–2 . Hondas contribution for Milan in the latter half of the 2013–14 season was considered disappointing , and he himself stated that this is not me . On 31 August 2014 , Honda scored for Milan against Lazio , netting the clubs first goal of the season as the Rossoneri won 3–1 in Filippo Inzaghis Serie A debut as manager . Honda went on to score Milans second goal against Parma on 14 September , helping Milan to win a nine-goal thriller , 5–4 . Honda provided an assist for Giacomo Bonaventuras opening goal and scored a bullet header to restore Milans lead , from Ignazio Abates cross . In Milans next match against Empoli , Honda drilled in a shot on the edge of the box equalizing for Milan as the sides drew 2–2 . Honda scored with a precise free kick over the Chievo wall in a 2–0 win on 4 October . Honda scored his first brace playing for Milan in a 3–1 away win against Verona on 19 October . On 21 May 2017 , Honda scored against Bologna winning the game and thus qualifying Milan to the Europa League for the first time since the 2013–14 season from a free kick . Pachuca . On 14 July 2017 , Mexican club Pachuca announced the signing of Honda . On 23 August 2017 , Honda scored on his debut in a 4–1 win over Veracruz . Melbourne Victory . On 6 August 2018 , Honda signed for Australian A-League side Melbourne Victory . He scored on his A-League debut , in Victorys opening game of the 2018–19 A-League , a 2–1 loss to Melbourne City in the Melbourne Derby . On 3 May 2019 , Honda announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the 2018–19 A-League season , also stating that he will not be signing with an A-League team following his departure . Vitesse . In the succeeding September , Honda publicly offered , on Twitter , to play for Manchester United and A.C . Milan . On 6 November 2019 , he signed a contract for one season at Eredivisie club Vitesse Arnhem . However , after Leonid Slutskys departure , Honda decided to also leave Vitesse after only four league appearances . Botafogo . On 31 January 2020 , Honda signed with Campeonato Brasileiro Série A side Botafogo . On 15 March , he made his debut and scored his first goal , opening the score from a penalty kick in a 1–1 draw against Bangu in the Campeonato Carioca . He left the club on 28 December , three months shy of the end of his contract , stating his frustration with the lack of results and the decisions by the clubs board , which had changed head coaches four times during the season , while also thanking and apologising to the fans . He made 27 appearances across all competitions and scored three goals . Portimonense . On 4 February 2021 , Honda announced that he had reached an agreement with Primeira Liga club Portimonense . The signing was officially confirmed two days later , with Honda joining the Portuguese side on a six-month deal with the option for a one-year extension . The deal , however , broke down after Portmonense was unable to register him in the league , as a LPFP ruling required free agent players to be at least three months in that status in order to be registered outside of the transfer window period ; Honda had spent less than two months out of contract . He parted ways with the club amicably on 11 February . Neftçi . On 15 March 2021 , Honda joined Azerbaijan Premier League club Neftçi PFK on a deal until the end of the season . At the end of the season , Keisuke Honda won Azerbaijan Premier League title with Neftchi Baku . Honda traveled to Agdam after the last match and played football at the Imarat stadium destroyed by Armenians . He said that , yesterday I played against Qarabag in Baku . In fact , Qarabag FC should have hostedtheir home matches where I am now - at the Imaret Stadium in Aghdam . I hope football will be reborn here again . He made 8 appearances across all competitions and scored 2 goals . International career . Senior career . Honda was a member of the Japan team for 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship and played for the U-23 national team , that qualified for 2008 Summer Olympics finals . He made a full international debut for Japan on 22 June 2008 in a World Cup qualifier against Bahrain . On 14 July 2008 , he was formally named as one of the midfielders of the Japanese U-23 national football team for the Beijing Olympics football competition . He scored his first goal for the senior national team on 27 May 2009 in a friendly match against Chile at Nagai Stadium in Osaka and has since been given the nickname Emperor Keisuke . He has scored 20 goals in 52 games for the Japan national team from his debut in 2008 , onwards . 2010 FIFA World Cup . Honda rose to prominence in the 2010 FIFA World Cup and became the countrys newest prospect . He scored the only goal in Japans opening match against Cameroon , finishing off Daisuke Matsuis cross into the top left corner of the net . His performance in the game gained him the Man of the Match Award from FIFA and the 1–0 victory was Japans first World Cup triumph on foreign soil . In the final group-stage game against Denmark , he scored a magnificent free kick in the 17th minute from 30 yards out . He then turned provider for Shinji Okazaki after making his way into the penalty area , with a Cruyff Turn that beat a Denmark player , in the 88th minute to make the score 3–1 to Japan , a performance that earned him the Man of the Match award once more and qualified Japan for the knockout stage . In their round of 16 matchup , Japan were eliminated by Paraguay , falling 3–5 in penalty kicks after the game finished goalless through extra time . Jonathan Wilson of The Guardian cited him as a false nine : a player superficially employed as a centre forward but moving deeper to pull the opposition defence around the pitch . 2011 AFC Asian Cup . Honda was included in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup by coach Alberto Zaccheroni . In the game against Syria , he scored a penalty kick making the score 2–1 for Japan . In the semi-finals against South Korea , he took a penalty kick , but was blocked by Jung Sung-Ryong . However , in the penalty shoot out of the game , he scored and was named Man of the Match . Honda was awarded the most valuable player of the 2011 AFC Asian Cup as Japan lifted a record fourth continental title . 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification . Honda missed the majority of the third round of AFC World Cup qualification due to injury he picked up while playing for his club . During the fourth round of qualifying , on 3 June 2012 , in Japans first game in Group B against Oman , Honda scored a beautiful volley just eleven minutes into the game . The game ended in 3–0 a win for Japan . He continued his scoring streak against Jordan on 8 June 2012 , managing to net a hat-trick ; Japan went on to win 6–0 . He also played a crucial role during their 1–1 draw with Australia on 12 June 2012 , during a corner kick , he assisted a goal which was scored by Yuzo Kurihara . He missed a couple of friendly games and one qualification game due to injury from club duty and was subsequently not included in the squad that was shocked 2-1 by Jordan on 26 March 2013 . Although not 100 percent fit , Honda was named in the squad for the game against Australia on 4 June 2013 , having just won the Russian Cup with his club . All Japan needed from this match was a draw to secure their place for Brazil . He managed to score a goal via penalty kick during extra time from a handball from Matt McKay , making the score 1–1 . The result secured Japans qualification for the World Cup in Brazil and became the first nation to book their place at the tournament . Having won the 2011 AFC Asian Cup , Japan qualified for the Confederations Cup in Brazil in 2013 and Honda was once again included in Zaccheronis squad for the tournament . After losing 3–0 to hosts Brazil in the first group match on 15 June 2013 , Japan faced Italy in the next game ; Honda scored from the penalty spot to put Japan ahead but they fell 4–3 in a pulsating game which dumped the Asian champions out of the competition . 2014 FIFA World Cup . Japan was drawn into Group C in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil having to face Colombia , Greece , and Ivory Coast . In Japans opening game against Ivory Coast , Honda collected a pass from Yuto Nagatomo after a quick throw-in and scored with a left footed shot in the 16th minute of the game . With this goal Honda became the first Japanese player to score in two World Cups , and also claimed sole possession of being the top Japanese scorer in FIFA World Cup history with three total goals . Japan went on to lose 2–1 to the African team . 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda was included in Javier Aguirres 23-man squad for 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda started Japans opener match against Palestine and scored a penalty kick in their 4–0 win . In next match against Iraq , Honda again netted a penalty which Japan won the match 1–0 and the first goal in 2–0 win of Jordan . Honda participated in Japans quarter final match against the United Arab Emirates . After the match ended 1–1 after extra time Honda , who was Japans first kicker in the penalty shootout , missed his kick , shooting above the crossbar , as Japan ended up losing the shootout 5–4 . 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 24 June 2018 , Honda scored a goal against Senegal in the second match of the group stages of Group H . With this goal he became the top scoring Asian player in World Cup history and the only player to register a goal and an assist in each of the last three tournaments . After Japans exit in the Round of 16 , Honda announced his plan to retire from the international stage . Managerial career . Cambodia . In August 2018 , whilst still a player , Honda was named manager of Cambodia . Under this arrangement , Honda will hold weekly conference with Cambodia coaching staff , and will be on the touchline when Cambodias match is in FIFA International match Calendar , with his assistant Felix Dalmas stepping in whenever Honda is unavailable . On 10 September 2018 , Honda lost his opening game as manager of Cambodia 3–1 against Malaysia . Personal life . Coming from a sporting family , Keisuke Hondas older brother was also a footballer . Hondas great-uncle Daisaburo was a canoeist who represented Japan in C-2 1000 metres event at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics . Keisuke Hondas cousin is Tamon Honda , a professional wrestler and former Olympic wrestler , who participated in three Olympic Games in freestyle wrestling in 100 kg at the 1984 , 1988 Games , and in 130 kg at the 1992 showpiece , and is also a former tag team champion , winning the All Asia Tag Team Championship and GHC Tag Team Championship . He married Misako , a kindergarten teacher . Honda has three children . Honours . Club . VVV-Venlo - Eerste Divisie : 2008–09 CSKA Moscow - Russian Premier League : 2012–13 - Russian Cup : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup : 2013 Milan - Supercoppa Italiana : 2016 Neftçi PFK - Azerbaijan Premier League : 2020–21 International . Japan - AFC Asian Cup : 2011 Individual . - Eerste Divisie Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Japanese Footballer of the Year : 2010 - AFC Asian Cup Most Valuable Player : 2011 - AFC Asian Cup Quality Player : 2011 - Best Footballer in Asia : 2013 - AFC Asian Cup Fans All Time Best XI : 2018 - IFFHS AFC Mens Team of the Decade 2011–2020 - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020 External links . - Keisuke Honda at A.C . Milans official website - Keisuke Honda at Official Liga MX Profile
|
[
"CSKA Moscow"
] |
[
{
"text": " A versatile player , he usually plays as an attacking midfielder , but he can equally play as a winger , a false nine or as a deep-lying playmaker , and frequently featured as a right winger for Milan during the 2014–15 Serie A season . A quick , creative , strong , and useful player , he is also known for his accuracy from bending free-kicks , powerful striking ability from distance , dribbling skills , and delivery as a dead ball specialist .",
"title": "Keisuke Honda"
},
{
"text": "He has earned over 90 international caps between 2008 and 2018 , playing at the 2010 , 2014 and 2018 World Cups . He also won the 2011 Asian Cup , where he was also voted Player of the Tournament .",
"title": "Keisuke Honda"
},
{
"text": " Born and raised in Settsu , Honda had belonged to the local junior youth team at Gamba Osaka , but was not promoted to the youth team . When Honda was a Seiryo High School student , he made an appearance at J.League Cup as Special Designated Youth Player in 2004 . After graduating high school , he began his professional career in 2005 , with J1 League side Nagoya Grampus Eight .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "On 16 January 2008 , Honda signed a two and half-year deal with Eredivisie side VVV-Venlo . In his first six months at VVV , he experienced relegation for the first time in his professional career as his new side went down to Eerste Divisie , the second division . In the 2008–09 season , he scored 16 goals in 36 league appearances to help the team back into the Eredivisie . He became known as Keizer Keisuke ( meaning Emperor Keisuke ) among the clubs fans . Also , Honda introduced his agent , Tetsuro Kiyooka , to Maya",
"title": "VVV-Venlo"
},
{
"text": "Yoshida in 2008 and led him to VVV-Venlo two years later .",
"title": "VVV-Venlo"
},
{
"text": "At the end of December 2009 , Honda transferred to Russian club CSKA Moscow . Honda signed a 4-year contract . The transfer fee was undisclosed , but VVV-Venlo was said to be very content with the fee as it almost matched their asking price ; it is believed to be in the region of €6 million . Honda made his debut for CSKA in the UEFA Champions League match against Sevilla . In the second leg in Seville , he scored the winning goal through a direct free kick for CSKA after having set up the first goal for",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": "Tomáš Necid . This secured a 2–1 ( 3–2 aggregate ) victory to send the club to the quarterfinals , making Honda the first Japanese player to be in the quarter-finals as well as the first to score in the knock-out stages . Honda scored his first league goal on 12 March 2010 , in the home match against Amkar Perm . He scored the goal in the third minute of injury time , slotting home a pass from Necid with his left . With the goal , he secured the win for CSKA Moscow .",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": " Honda picked up his first piece of silverware with CSKA on 22 May 2011 , coming on as a second-half substitute for Alan Dzagoev in a 2–1 defeat of Alania Vladikavkaz in the Russian Cup final . He netted two goals in the first half of CSKAs match against Krylia Sovetov three days later , a match that ended in a 3–0 victory for his side . On 16 September 2012 , Honda scored twice off passes from Ahmed Musa , scoring the only goals in a league victory over Alania .",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": "On 13 July 2013 , Honda scored CSKAs first and third goals in the clubs 3–0 victory over Zenit in the Russian Super Cup match in Rostov . In 2013 summer transfer window , he entered the final six months of his contract with CSKA and became free to talk to other clubs , expressing his interest in moving to a bigger club . On 11 December 2013 , CSKA announced the conclusion of Hondas time at the club .",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": " On 27 October 2013 , Milan manager Massimiliano Allegri announced a deal for Honda to join Milan on a free transfer in January 2014 . Honda officially joined the team on 4 January 2014 on a contract lasting until June 2017 and wore the number 10 jersey .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 12 January 2014 , Honda made his debut coming on as a substitute for Robinho in a 4–3 Serie A defeat to Sassuolo . On 15 January , Honda made his full debut for Milan , scoring in the 3–1 Coppa Italia quarter-final win against Spezia . He scored his first Serie A goal in Genoa-Milan , which was won by the Rossoneri 1–2 . Hondas contribution for Milan in the latter half of the 2013–14 season was considered disappointing , and he himself stated that this is not me .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 31 August 2014 , Honda scored for Milan against Lazio , netting the clubs first goal of the season as the Rossoneri won 3–1 in Filippo Inzaghis Serie A debut as manager . Honda went on to score Milans second goal against Parma on 14 September , helping Milan to win a nine-goal thriller , 5–4 . Honda provided an assist for Giacomo Bonaventuras opening goal and scored a bullet header to restore Milans lead , from Ignazio Abates cross . In Milans next match against Empoli , Honda drilled in a shot on the edge of the box",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "equalizing for Milan as the sides drew 2–2 . Honda scored with a precise free kick over the Chievo wall in a 2–0 win on 4 October . Honda scored his first brace playing for Milan in a 3–1 away win against Verona on 19 October . On 21 May 2017 , Honda scored against Bologna winning the game and thus qualifying Milan to the Europa League for the first time since the 2013–14 season from a free kick .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": " On 14 July 2017 , Mexican club Pachuca announced the signing of Honda . On 23 August 2017 , Honda scored on his debut in a 4–1 win over Veracruz .",
"title": "Pachuca"
},
{
"text": " On 6 August 2018 , Honda signed for Australian A-League side Melbourne Victory . He scored on his A-League debut , in Victorys opening game of the 2018–19 A-League , a 2–1 loss to Melbourne City in the Melbourne Derby . On 3 May 2019 , Honda announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the 2018–19 A-League season , also stating that he will not be signing with an A-League team following his departure .",
"title": "Melbourne Victory"
},
{
"text": " In the succeeding September , Honda publicly offered , on Twitter , to play for Manchester United and A.C . Milan . On 6 November 2019 , he signed a contract for one season at Eredivisie club Vitesse Arnhem . However , after Leonid Slutskys departure , Honda decided to also leave Vitesse after only four league appearances .",
"title": "Vitesse"
},
{
"text": "On 31 January 2020 , Honda signed with Campeonato Brasileiro Série A side Botafogo . On 15 March , he made his debut and scored his first goal , opening the score from a penalty kick in a 1–1 draw against Bangu in the Campeonato Carioca . He left the club on 28 December , three months shy of the end of his contract , stating his frustration with the lack of results and the decisions by the clubs board , which had changed head coaches four times during the season , while also thanking and apologising to the fans",
"title": "Botafogo"
},
{
"text": ". He made 27 appearances across all competitions and scored three goals .",
"title": "Botafogo"
},
{
"text": "On 4 February 2021 , Honda announced that he had reached an agreement with Primeira Liga club Portimonense . The signing was officially confirmed two days later , with Honda joining the Portuguese side on a six-month deal with the option for a one-year extension . The deal , however , broke down after Portmonense was unable to register him in the league , as a LPFP ruling required free agent players to be at least three months in that status in order to be registered outside of the transfer window period ; Honda had spent less than two months",
"title": "Portimonense"
},
{
"text": "out of contract . He parted ways with the club amicably on 11 February .",
"title": "Portimonense"
},
{
"text": " On 15 March 2021 , Honda joined Azerbaijan Premier League club Neftçi PFK on a deal until the end of the season . At the end of the season , Keisuke Honda won Azerbaijan Premier League title with Neftchi Baku .",
"title": "Neftçi"
},
{
"text": "Honda traveled to Agdam after the last match and played football at the Imarat stadium destroyed by Armenians . He said that , yesterday I played against Qarabag in Baku . In fact , Qarabag FC should have hostedtheir home matches where I am now - at the Imaret Stadium in Aghdam . I hope football will be reborn here again .",
"title": "Neftçi"
},
{
"text": "Honda was a member of the Japan team for 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship and played for the U-23 national team , that qualified for 2008 Summer Olympics finals . He made a full international debut for Japan on 22 June 2008 in a World Cup qualifier against Bahrain . On 14 July 2008 , he was formally named as one of the midfielders of the Japanese U-23 national football team for the Beijing Olympics football competition . He scored his first goal for the senior national team on 27 May 2009 in a friendly match against Chile at Nagai",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Stadium in Osaka and has since been given the nickname Emperor Keisuke . He has scored 20 goals in 52 games for the Japan national team from his debut in 2008 , onwards .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Honda rose to prominence in the 2010 FIFA World Cup and became the countrys newest prospect . He scored the only goal in Japans opening match against Cameroon , finishing off Daisuke Matsuis cross into the top left corner of the net . His performance in the game gained him the Man of the Match Award from FIFA and the 1–0 victory was Japans first World Cup triumph on foreign soil . In the final group-stage game against Denmark , he scored a magnificent free kick in the 17th minute from 30 yards out . He then turned provider for",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Shinji Okazaki after making his way into the penalty area , with a Cruyff Turn that beat a Denmark player , in the 88th minute to make the score 3–1 to Japan , a performance that earned him the Man of the Match award once more and qualified Japan for the knockout stage . In their round of 16 matchup , Japan were eliminated by Paraguay , falling 3–5 in penalty kicks after the game finished goalless through extra time .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " Jonathan Wilson of The Guardian cited him as a false nine : a player superficially employed as a centre forward but moving deeper to pull the opposition defence around the pitch . 2011 AFC Asian Cup .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Honda was included in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup by coach Alberto Zaccheroni . In the game against Syria , he scored a penalty kick making the score 2–1 for Japan . In the semi-finals against South Korea , he took a penalty kick , but was blocked by Jung Sung-Ryong . However , in the penalty shoot out of the game , he scored and was named Man of the Match .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " Honda was awarded the most valuable player of the 2011 AFC Asian Cup as Japan lifted a record fourth continental title . 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification . Honda missed the majority of the third round of AFC World Cup qualification due to injury he picked up while playing for his club .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "During the fourth round of qualifying , on 3 June 2012 , in Japans first game in Group B against Oman , Honda scored a beautiful volley just eleven minutes into the game . The game ended in 3–0 a win for Japan . He continued his scoring streak against Jordan on 8 June 2012 , managing to net a hat-trick ; Japan went on to win 6–0 . He also played a crucial role during their 1–1 draw with Australia on 12 June 2012 , during a corner kick , he assisted a goal which was scored by Yuzo",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Kurihara .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "He missed a couple of friendly games and one qualification game due to injury from club duty and was subsequently not included in the squad that was shocked 2-1 by Jordan on 26 March 2013 . Although not 100 percent fit , Honda was named in the squad for the game against Australia on 4 June 2013 , having just won the Russian Cup with his club . All Japan needed from this match was a draw to secure their place for Brazil . He managed to score a goal via penalty kick during extra time from a handball from",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Matt McKay , making the score 1–1 . The result secured Japans qualification for the World Cup in Brazil and became the first nation to book their place at the tournament .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " Having won the 2011 AFC Asian Cup , Japan qualified for the Confederations Cup in Brazil in 2013 and Honda was once again included in Zaccheronis squad for the tournament . After losing 3–0 to hosts Brazil in the first group match on 15 June 2013 , Japan faced Italy in the next game ; Honda scored from the penalty spot to put Japan ahead but they fell 4–3 in a pulsating game which dumped the Asian champions out of the competition . 2014 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Japan was drawn into Group C in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil having to face Colombia , Greece , and Ivory Coast . In Japans opening game against Ivory Coast , Honda collected a pass from Yuto Nagatomo after a quick throw-in and scored with a left footed shot in the 16th minute of the game . With this goal Honda became the first Japanese player to score in two World Cups , and also claimed sole possession of being the top Japanese scorer in FIFA World Cup history with three total goals . Japan went on to",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "lose 2–1 to the African team .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda was included in Javier Aguirres 23-man squad for 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda started Japans opener match against Palestine and scored a penalty kick in their 4–0 win . In next match against Iraq , Honda again netted a penalty which Japan won the match 1–0 and the first goal in 2–0 win of Jordan .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Honda participated in Japans quarter final match against the United Arab Emirates . After the match ended 1–1 after extra time Honda , who was Japans first kicker in the penalty shootout , missed his kick , shooting above the crossbar , as Japan ended up losing the shootout 5–4 .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 24 June 2018 , Honda scored a goal against Senegal in the second match of the group stages of Group H . With this goal he became the top scoring Asian player in World Cup history and the only player to register a goal and an assist in each of the last three tournaments . After Japans exit in the Round of 16 , Honda announced his plan to retire from the international stage .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2018 , whilst still a player , Honda was named manager of Cambodia . Under this arrangement , Honda will hold weekly conference with Cambodia coaching staff , and will be on the touchline when Cambodias match is in FIFA International match Calendar , with his assistant Felix Dalmas stepping in whenever Honda is unavailable . On 10 September 2018 , Honda lost his opening game as manager of Cambodia 3–1 against Malaysia .",
"title": "Cambodia"
},
{
"text": "Coming from a sporting family , Keisuke Hondas older brother was also a footballer . Hondas great-uncle Daisaburo was a canoeist who represented Japan in C-2 1000 metres event at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics . Keisuke Hondas cousin is Tamon Honda , a professional wrestler and former Olympic wrestler , who participated in three Olympic Games in freestyle wrestling in 100 kg at the 1984 , 1988 Games , and in 130 kg at the 1992 showpiece , and is also a former tag team champion , winning the All Asia Tag Team Championship and GHC Tag Team Championship .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Russian Premier League : 2012–13 - Russian Cup : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup : 2013",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": " - Eerste Divisie Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Japanese Footballer of the Year : 2010 - AFC Asian Cup Most Valuable Player : 2011 - AFC Asian Cup Quality Player : 2011 - Best Footballer in Asia : 2013 - AFC Asian Cup Fans All Time Best XI : 2018 - IFFHS AFC Mens Team of the Decade 2011–2020 - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Keisuke Honda at A.C . Milans official website - Keisuke Honda at Official Liga MX Profile",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Keisuke_Honda#P54#3
|
Which team did Keisuke Honda play for in May 2016?
|
Keisuke Honda A versatile player , he usually plays as an attacking midfielder , but he can equally play as a winger , a false nine or as a deep-lying playmaker , and frequently featured as a right winger for Milan during the 2014–15 Serie A season . A quick , creative , strong , and useful player , he is also known for his accuracy from bending free-kicks , powerful striking ability from distance , dribbling skills , and delivery as a dead ball specialist . He has earned over 90 international caps between 2008 and 2018 , playing at the 2010 , 2014 and 2018 World Cups . He also won the 2011 Asian Cup , where he was also voted Player of the Tournament . Club career . Early career . Born and raised in Settsu , Honda had belonged to the local junior youth team at Gamba Osaka , but was not promoted to the youth team . When Honda was a Seiryo High School student , he made an appearance at J.League Cup as Special Designated Youth Player in 2004 . After graduating high school , he began his professional career in 2005 , with J1 League side Nagoya Grampus Eight . VVV-Venlo . On 16 January 2008 , Honda signed a two and half-year deal with Eredivisie side VVV-Venlo . In his first six months at VVV , he experienced relegation for the first time in his professional career as his new side went down to Eerste Divisie , the second division . In the 2008–09 season , he scored 16 goals in 36 league appearances to help the team back into the Eredivisie . He became known as Keizer Keisuke ( meaning Emperor Keisuke ) among the clubs fans . Also , Honda introduced his agent , Tetsuro Kiyooka , to Maya Yoshida in 2008 and led him to VVV-Venlo two years later . CSKA Moscow . At the end of December 2009 , Honda transferred to Russian club CSKA Moscow . Honda signed a 4-year contract . The transfer fee was undisclosed , but VVV-Venlo was said to be very content with the fee as it almost matched their asking price ; it is believed to be in the region of €6 million . Honda made his debut for CSKA in the UEFA Champions League match against Sevilla . In the second leg in Seville , he scored the winning goal through a direct free kick for CSKA after having set up the first goal for Tomáš Necid . This secured a 2–1 ( 3–2 aggregate ) victory to send the club to the quarterfinals , making Honda the first Japanese player to be in the quarter-finals as well as the first to score in the knock-out stages . Honda scored his first league goal on 12 March 2010 , in the home match against Amkar Perm . He scored the goal in the third minute of injury time , slotting home a pass from Necid with his left . With the goal , he secured the win for CSKA Moscow . Honda picked up his first piece of silverware with CSKA on 22 May 2011 , coming on as a second-half substitute for Alan Dzagoev in a 2–1 defeat of Alania Vladikavkaz in the Russian Cup final . He netted two goals in the first half of CSKAs match against Krylia Sovetov three days later , a match that ended in a 3–0 victory for his side . On 16 September 2012 , Honda scored twice off passes from Ahmed Musa , scoring the only goals in a league victory over Alania . On 13 July 2013 , Honda scored CSKAs first and third goals in the clubs 3–0 victory over Zenit in the Russian Super Cup match in Rostov . In 2013 summer transfer window , he entered the final six months of his contract with CSKA and became free to talk to other clubs , expressing his interest in moving to a bigger club . On 11 December 2013 , CSKA announced the conclusion of Hondas time at the club . Milan . On 27 October 2013 , Milan manager Massimiliano Allegri announced a deal for Honda to join Milan on a free transfer in January 2014 . Honda officially joined the team on 4 January 2014 on a contract lasting until June 2017 and wore the number 10 jersey . On 12 January 2014 , Honda made his debut coming on as a substitute for Robinho in a 4–3 Serie A defeat to Sassuolo . On 15 January , Honda made his full debut for Milan , scoring in the 3–1 Coppa Italia quarter-final win against Spezia . He scored his first Serie A goal in Genoa-Milan , which was won by the Rossoneri 1–2 . Hondas contribution for Milan in the latter half of the 2013–14 season was considered disappointing , and he himself stated that this is not me . On 31 August 2014 , Honda scored for Milan against Lazio , netting the clubs first goal of the season as the Rossoneri won 3–1 in Filippo Inzaghis Serie A debut as manager . Honda went on to score Milans second goal against Parma on 14 September , helping Milan to win a nine-goal thriller , 5–4 . Honda provided an assist for Giacomo Bonaventuras opening goal and scored a bullet header to restore Milans lead , from Ignazio Abates cross . In Milans next match against Empoli , Honda drilled in a shot on the edge of the box equalizing for Milan as the sides drew 2–2 . Honda scored with a precise free kick over the Chievo wall in a 2–0 win on 4 October . Honda scored his first brace playing for Milan in a 3–1 away win against Verona on 19 October . On 21 May 2017 , Honda scored against Bologna winning the game and thus qualifying Milan to the Europa League for the first time since the 2013–14 season from a free kick . Pachuca . On 14 July 2017 , Mexican club Pachuca announced the signing of Honda . On 23 August 2017 , Honda scored on his debut in a 4–1 win over Veracruz . Melbourne Victory . On 6 August 2018 , Honda signed for Australian A-League side Melbourne Victory . He scored on his A-League debut , in Victorys opening game of the 2018–19 A-League , a 2–1 loss to Melbourne City in the Melbourne Derby . On 3 May 2019 , Honda announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the 2018–19 A-League season , also stating that he will not be signing with an A-League team following his departure . Vitesse . In the succeeding September , Honda publicly offered , on Twitter , to play for Manchester United and A.C . Milan . On 6 November 2019 , he signed a contract for one season at Eredivisie club Vitesse Arnhem . However , after Leonid Slutskys departure , Honda decided to also leave Vitesse after only four league appearances . Botafogo . On 31 January 2020 , Honda signed with Campeonato Brasileiro Série A side Botafogo . On 15 March , he made his debut and scored his first goal , opening the score from a penalty kick in a 1–1 draw against Bangu in the Campeonato Carioca . He left the club on 28 December , three months shy of the end of his contract , stating his frustration with the lack of results and the decisions by the clubs board , which had changed head coaches four times during the season , while also thanking and apologising to the fans . He made 27 appearances across all competitions and scored three goals . Portimonense . On 4 February 2021 , Honda announced that he had reached an agreement with Primeira Liga club Portimonense . The signing was officially confirmed two days later , with Honda joining the Portuguese side on a six-month deal with the option for a one-year extension . The deal , however , broke down after Portmonense was unable to register him in the league , as a LPFP ruling required free agent players to be at least three months in that status in order to be registered outside of the transfer window period ; Honda had spent less than two months out of contract . He parted ways with the club amicably on 11 February . Neftçi . On 15 March 2021 , Honda joined Azerbaijan Premier League club Neftçi PFK on a deal until the end of the season . At the end of the season , Keisuke Honda won Azerbaijan Premier League title with Neftchi Baku . Honda traveled to Agdam after the last match and played football at the Imarat stadium destroyed by Armenians . He said that , yesterday I played against Qarabag in Baku . In fact , Qarabag FC should have hostedtheir home matches where I am now - at the Imaret Stadium in Aghdam . I hope football will be reborn here again . He made 8 appearances across all competitions and scored 2 goals . International career . Senior career . Honda was a member of the Japan team for 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship and played for the U-23 national team , that qualified for 2008 Summer Olympics finals . He made a full international debut for Japan on 22 June 2008 in a World Cup qualifier against Bahrain . On 14 July 2008 , he was formally named as one of the midfielders of the Japanese U-23 national football team for the Beijing Olympics football competition . He scored his first goal for the senior national team on 27 May 2009 in a friendly match against Chile at Nagai Stadium in Osaka and has since been given the nickname Emperor Keisuke . He has scored 20 goals in 52 games for the Japan national team from his debut in 2008 , onwards . 2010 FIFA World Cup . Honda rose to prominence in the 2010 FIFA World Cup and became the countrys newest prospect . He scored the only goal in Japans opening match against Cameroon , finishing off Daisuke Matsuis cross into the top left corner of the net . His performance in the game gained him the Man of the Match Award from FIFA and the 1–0 victory was Japans first World Cup triumph on foreign soil . In the final group-stage game against Denmark , he scored a magnificent free kick in the 17th minute from 30 yards out . He then turned provider for Shinji Okazaki after making his way into the penalty area , with a Cruyff Turn that beat a Denmark player , in the 88th minute to make the score 3–1 to Japan , a performance that earned him the Man of the Match award once more and qualified Japan for the knockout stage . In their round of 16 matchup , Japan were eliminated by Paraguay , falling 3–5 in penalty kicks after the game finished goalless through extra time . Jonathan Wilson of The Guardian cited him as a false nine : a player superficially employed as a centre forward but moving deeper to pull the opposition defence around the pitch . 2011 AFC Asian Cup . Honda was included in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup by coach Alberto Zaccheroni . In the game against Syria , he scored a penalty kick making the score 2–1 for Japan . In the semi-finals against South Korea , he took a penalty kick , but was blocked by Jung Sung-Ryong . However , in the penalty shoot out of the game , he scored and was named Man of the Match . Honda was awarded the most valuable player of the 2011 AFC Asian Cup as Japan lifted a record fourth continental title . 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification . Honda missed the majority of the third round of AFC World Cup qualification due to injury he picked up while playing for his club . During the fourth round of qualifying , on 3 June 2012 , in Japans first game in Group B against Oman , Honda scored a beautiful volley just eleven minutes into the game . The game ended in 3–0 a win for Japan . He continued his scoring streak against Jordan on 8 June 2012 , managing to net a hat-trick ; Japan went on to win 6–0 . He also played a crucial role during their 1–1 draw with Australia on 12 June 2012 , during a corner kick , he assisted a goal which was scored by Yuzo Kurihara . He missed a couple of friendly games and one qualification game due to injury from club duty and was subsequently not included in the squad that was shocked 2-1 by Jordan on 26 March 2013 . Although not 100 percent fit , Honda was named in the squad for the game against Australia on 4 June 2013 , having just won the Russian Cup with his club . All Japan needed from this match was a draw to secure their place for Brazil . He managed to score a goal via penalty kick during extra time from a handball from Matt McKay , making the score 1–1 . The result secured Japans qualification for the World Cup in Brazil and became the first nation to book their place at the tournament . Having won the 2011 AFC Asian Cup , Japan qualified for the Confederations Cup in Brazil in 2013 and Honda was once again included in Zaccheronis squad for the tournament . After losing 3–0 to hosts Brazil in the first group match on 15 June 2013 , Japan faced Italy in the next game ; Honda scored from the penalty spot to put Japan ahead but they fell 4–3 in a pulsating game which dumped the Asian champions out of the competition . 2014 FIFA World Cup . Japan was drawn into Group C in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil having to face Colombia , Greece , and Ivory Coast . In Japans opening game against Ivory Coast , Honda collected a pass from Yuto Nagatomo after a quick throw-in and scored with a left footed shot in the 16th minute of the game . With this goal Honda became the first Japanese player to score in two World Cups , and also claimed sole possession of being the top Japanese scorer in FIFA World Cup history with three total goals . Japan went on to lose 2–1 to the African team . 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda was included in Javier Aguirres 23-man squad for 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda started Japans opener match against Palestine and scored a penalty kick in their 4–0 win . In next match against Iraq , Honda again netted a penalty which Japan won the match 1–0 and the first goal in 2–0 win of Jordan . Honda participated in Japans quarter final match against the United Arab Emirates . After the match ended 1–1 after extra time Honda , who was Japans first kicker in the penalty shootout , missed his kick , shooting above the crossbar , as Japan ended up losing the shootout 5–4 . 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 24 June 2018 , Honda scored a goal against Senegal in the second match of the group stages of Group H . With this goal he became the top scoring Asian player in World Cup history and the only player to register a goal and an assist in each of the last three tournaments . After Japans exit in the Round of 16 , Honda announced his plan to retire from the international stage . Managerial career . Cambodia . In August 2018 , whilst still a player , Honda was named manager of Cambodia . Under this arrangement , Honda will hold weekly conference with Cambodia coaching staff , and will be on the touchline when Cambodias match is in FIFA International match Calendar , with his assistant Felix Dalmas stepping in whenever Honda is unavailable . On 10 September 2018 , Honda lost his opening game as manager of Cambodia 3–1 against Malaysia . Personal life . Coming from a sporting family , Keisuke Hondas older brother was also a footballer . Hondas great-uncle Daisaburo was a canoeist who represented Japan in C-2 1000 metres event at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics . Keisuke Hondas cousin is Tamon Honda , a professional wrestler and former Olympic wrestler , who participated in three Olympic Games in freestyle wrestling in 100 kg at the 1984 , 1988 Games , and in 130 kg at the 1992 showpiece , and is also a former tag team champion , winning the All Asia Tag Team Championship and GHC Tag Team Championship . He married Misako , a kindergarten teacher . Honda has three children . Honours . Club . VVV-Venlo - Eerste Divisie : 2008–09 CSKA Moscow - Russian Premier League : 2012–13 - Russian Cup : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup : 2013 Milan - Supercoppa Italiana : 2016 Neftçi PFK - Azerbaijan Premier League : 2020–21 International . Japan - AFC Asian Cup : 2011 Individual . - Eerste Divisie Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Japanese Footballer of the Year : 2010 - AFC Asian Cup Most Valuable Player : 2011 - AFC Asian Cup Quality Player : 2011 - Best Footballer in Asia : 2013 - AFC Asian Cup Fans All Time Best XI : 2018 - IFFHS AFC Mens Team of the Decade 2011–2020 - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020 External links . - Keisuke Honda at A.C . Milans official website - Keisuke Honda at Official Liga MX Profile
|
[
"Milan"
] |
[
{
"text": " A versatile player , he usually plays as an attacking midfielder , but he can equally play as a winger , a false nine or as a deep-lying playmaker , and frequently featured as a right winger for Milan during the 2014–15 Serie A season . A quick , creative , strong , and useful player , he is also known for his accuracy from bending free-kicks , powerful striking ability from distance , dribbling skills , and delivery as a dead ball specialist .",
"title": "Keisuke Honda"
},
{
"text": "He has earned over 90 international caps between 2008 and 2018 , playing at the 2010 , 2014 and 2018 World Cups . He also won the 2011 Asian Cup , where he was also voted Player of the Tournament .",
"title": "Keisuke Honda"
},
{
"text": " Born and raised in Settsu , Honda had belonged to the local junior youth team at Gamba Osaka , but was not promoted to the youth team . When Honda was a Seiryo High School student , he made an appearance at J.League Cup as Special Designated Youth Player in 2004 . After graduating high school , he began his professional career in 2005 , with J1 League side Nagoya Grampus Eight .",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"text": "On 16 January 2008 , Honda signed a two and half-year deal with Eredivisie side VVV-Venlo . In his first six months at VVV , he experienced relegation for the first time in his professional career as his new side went down to Eerste Divisie , the second division . In the 2008–09 season , he scored 16 goals in 36 league appearances to help the team back into the Eredivisie . He became known as Keizer Keisuke ( meaning Emperor Keisuke ) among the clubs fans . Also , Honda introduced his agent , Tetsuro Kiyooka , to Maya",
"title": "VVV-Venlo"
},
{
"text": "Yoshida in 2008 and led him to VVV-Venlo two years later .",
"title": "VVV-Venlo"
},
{
"text": "At the end of December 2009 , Honda transferred to Russian club CSKA Moscow . Honda signed a 4-year contract . The transfer fee was undisclosed , but VVV-Venlo was said to be very content with the fee as it almost matched their asking price ; it is believed to be in the region of €6 million . Honda made his debut for CSKA in the UEFA Champions League match against Sevilla . In the second leg in Seville , he scored the winning goal through a direct free kick for CSKA after having set up the first goal for",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": "Tomáš Necid . This secured a 2–1 ( 3–2 aggregate ) victory to send the club to the quarterfinals , making Honda the first Japanese player to be in the quarter-finals as well as the first to score in the knock-out stages . Honda scored his first league goal on 12 March 2010 , in the home match against Amkar Perm . He scored the goal in the third minute of injury time , slotting home a pass from Necid with his left . With the goal , he secured the win for CSKA Moscow .",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": " Honda picked up his first piece of silverware with CSKA on 22 May 2011 , coming on as a second-half substitute for Alan Dzagoev in a 2–1 defeat of Alania Vladikavkaz in the Russian Cup final . He netted two goals in the first half of CSKAs match against Krylia Sovetov three days later , a match that ended in a 3–0 victory for his side . On 16 September 2012 , Honda scored twice off passes from Ahmed Musa , scoring the only goals in a league victory over Alania .",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": "On 13 July 2013 , Honda scored CSKAs first and third goals in the clubs 3–0 victory over Zenit in the Russian Super Cup match in Rostov . In 2013 summer transfer window , he entered the final six months of his contract with CSKA and became free to talk to other clubs , expressing his interest in moving to a bigger club . On 11 December 2013 , CSKA announced the conclusion of Hondas time at the club .",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": " On 27 October 2013 , Milan manager Massimiliano Allegri announced a deal for Honda to join Milan on a free transfer in January 2014 . Honda officially joined the team on 4 January 2014 on a contract lasting until June 2017 and wore the number 10 jersey .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 12 January 2014 , Honda made his debut coming on as a substitute for Robinho in a 4–3 Serie A defeat to Sassuolo . On 15 January , Honda made his full debut for Milan , scoring in the 3–1 Coppa Italia quarter-final win against Spezia . He scored his first Serie A goal in Genoa-Milan , which was won by the Rossoneri 1–2 . Hondas contribution for Milan in the latter half of the 2013–14 season was considered disappointing , and he himself stated that this is not me .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "On 31 August 2014 , Honda scored for Milan against Lazio , netting the clubs first goal of the season as the Rossoneri won 3–1 in Filippo Inzaghis Serie A debut as manager . Honda went on to score Milans second goal against Parma on 14 September , helping Milan to win a nine-goal thriller , 5–4 . Honda provided an assist for Giacomo Bonaventuras opening goal and scored a bullet header to restore Milans lead , from Ignazio Abates cross . In Milans next match against Empoli , Honda drilled in a shot on the edge of the box",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": "equalizing for Milan as the sides drew 2–2 . Honda scored with a precise free kick over the Chievo wall in a 2–0 win on 4 October . Honda scored his first brace playing for Milan in a 3–1 away win against Verona on 19 October . On 21 May 2017 , Honda scored against Bologna winning the game and thus qualifying Milan to the Europa League for the first time since the 2013–14 season from a free kick .",
"title": "Milan"
},
{
"text": " On 14 July 2017 , Mexican club Pachuca announced the signing of Honda . On 23 August 2017 , Honda scored on his debut in a 4–1 win over Veracruz .",
"title": "Pachuca"
},
{
"text": " On 6 August 2018 , Honda signed for Australian A-League side Melbourne Victory . He scored on his A-League debut , in Victorys opening game of the 2018–19 A-League , a 2–1 loss to Melbourne City in the Melbourne Derby . On 3 May 2019 , Honda announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the 2018–19 A-League season , also stating that he will not be signing with an A-League team following his departure .",
"title": "Melbourne Victory"
},
{
"text": " In the succeeding September , Honda publicly offered , on Twitter , to play for Manchester United and A.C . Milan . On 6 November 2019 , he signed a contract for one season at Eredivisie club Vitesse Arnhem . However , after Leonid Slutskys departure , Honda decided to also leave Vitesse after only four league appearances .",
"title": "Vitesse"
},
{
"text": "On 31 January 2020 , Honda signed with Campeonato Brasileiro Série A side Botafogo . On 15 March , he made his debut and scored his first goal , opening the score from a penalty kick in a 1–1 draw against Bangu in the Campeonato Carioca . He left the club on 28 December , three months shy of the end of his contract , stating his frustration with the lack of results and the decisions by the clubs board , which had changed head coaches four times during the season , while also thanking and apologising to the fans",
"title": "Botafogo"
},
{
"text": ". He made 27 appearances across all competitions and scored three goals .",
"title": "Botafogo"
},
{
"text": "On 4 February 2021 , Honda announced that he had reached an agreement with Primeira Liga club Portimonense . The signing was officially confirmed two days later , with Honda joining the Portuguese side on a six-month deal with the option for a one-year extension . The deal , however , broke down after Portmonense was unable to register him in the league , as a LPFP ruling required free agent players to be at least three months in that status in order to be registered outside of the transfer window period ; Honda had spent less than two months",
"title": "Portimonense"
},
{
"text": "out of contract . He parted ways with the club amicably on 11 February .",
"title": "Portimonense"
},
{
"text": " On 15 March 2021 , Honda joined Azerbaijan Premier League club Neftçi PFK on a deal until the end of the season . At the end of the season , Keisuke Honda won Azerbaijan Premier League title with Neftchi Baku .",
"title": "Neftçi"
},
{
"text": "Honda traveled to Agdam after the last match and played football at the Imarat stadium destroyed by Armenians . He said that , yesterday I played against Qarabag in Baku . In fact , Qarabag FC should have hostedtheir home matches where I am now - at the Imaret Stadium in Aghdam . I hope football will be reborn here again .",
"title": "Neftçi"
},
{
"text": "Honda was a member of the Japan team for 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship and played for the U-23 national team , that qualified for 2008 Summer Olympics finals . He made a full international debut for Japan on 22 June 2008 in a World Cup qualifier against Bahrain . On 14 July 2008 , he was formally named as one of the midfielders of the Japanese U-23 national football team for the Beijing Olympics football competition . He scored his first goal for the senior national team on 27 May 2009 in a friendly match against Chile at Nagai",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Stadium in Osaka and has since been given the nickname Emperor Keisuke . He has scored 20 goals in 52 games for the Japan national team from his debut in 2008 , onwards .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Honda rose to prominence in the 2010 FIFA World Cup and became the countrys newest prospect . He scored the only goal in Japans opening match against Cameroon , finishing off Daisuke Matsuis cross into the top left corner of the net . His performance in the game gained him the Man of the Match Award from FIFA and the 1–0 victory was Japans first World Cup triumph on foreign soil . In the final group-stage game against Denmark , he scored a magnificent free kick in the 17th minute from 30 yards out . He then turned provider for",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Shinji Okazaki after making his way into the penalty area , with a Cruyff Turn that beat a Denmark player , in the 88th minute to make the score 3–1 to Japan , a performance that earned him the Man of the Match award once more and qualified Japan for the knockout stage . In their round of 16 matchup , Japan were eliminated by Paraguay , falling 3–5 in penalty kicks after the game finished goalless through extra time .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " Jonathan Wilson of The Guardian cited him as a false nine : a player superficially employed as a centre forward but moving deeper to pull the opposition defence around the pitch . 2011 AFC Asian Cup .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Honda was included in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup by coach Alberto Zaccheroni . In the game against Syria , he scored a penalty kick making the score 2–1 for Japan . In the semi-finals against South Korea , he took a penalty kick , but was blocked by Jung Sung-Ryong . However , in the penalty shoot out of the game , he scored and was named Man of the Match .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " Honda was awarded the most valuable player of the 2011 AFC Asian Cup as Japan lifted a record fourth continental title . 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification . Honda missed the majority of the third round of AFC World Cup qualification due to injury he picked up while playing for his club .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "During the fourth round of qualifying , on 3 June 2012 , in Japans first game in Group B against Oman , Honda scored a beautiful volley just eleven minutes into the game . The game ended in 3–0 a win for Japan . He continued his scoring streak against Jordan on 8 June 2012 , managing to net a hat-trick ; Japan went on to win 6–0 . He also played a crucial role during their 1–1 draw with Australia on 12 June 2012 , during a corner kick , he assisted a goal which was scored by Yuzo",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Kurihara .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "He missed a couple of friendly games and one qualification game due to injury from club duty and was subsequently not included in the squad that was shocked 2-1 by Jordan on 26 March 2013 . Although not 100 percent fit , Honda was named in the squad for the game against Australia on 4 June 2013 , having just won the Russian Cup with his club . All Japan needed from this match was a draw to secure their place for Brazil . He managed to score a goal via penalty kick during extra time from a handball from",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Matt McKay , making the score 1–1 . The result secured Japans qualification for the World Cup in Brazil and became the first nation to book their place at the tournament .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " Having won the 2011 AFC Asian Cup , Japan qualified for the Confederations Cup in Brazil in 2013 and Honda was once again included in Zaccheronis squad for the tournament . After losing 3–0 to hosts Brazil in the first group match on 15 June 2013 , Japan faced Italy in the next game ; Honda scored from the penalty spot to put Japan ahead but they fell 4–3 in a pulsating game which dumped the Asian champions out of the competition . 2014 FIFA World Cup .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Japan was drawn into Group C in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil having to face Colombia , Greece , and Ivory Coast . In Japans opening game against Ivory Coast , Honda collected a pass from Yuto Nagatomo after a quick throw-in and scored with a left footed shot in the 16th minute of the game . With this goal Honda became the first Japanese player to score in two World Cups , and also claimed sole possession of being the top Japanese scorer in FIFA World Cup history with three total goals . Japan went on to",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "lose 2–1 to the African team .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda was included in Javier Aguirres 23-man squad for 2015 AFC Asian Cup . Honda started Japans opener match against Palestine and scored a penalty kick in their 4–0 win . In next match against Iraq , Honda again netted a penalty which Japan won the match 1–0 and the first goal in 2–0 win of Jordan .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": "Honda participated in Japans quarter final match against the United Arab Emirates . After the match ended 1–1 after extra time Honda , who was Japans first kicker in the penalty shootout , missed his kick , shooting above the crossbar , as Japan ended up losing the shootout 5–4 .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " 2018 FIFA World Cup . On 24 June 2018 , Honda scored a goal against Senegal in the second match of the group stages of Group H . With this goal he became the top scoring Asian player in World Cup history and the only player to register a goal and an assist in each of the last three tournaments . After Japans exit in the Round of 16 , Honda announced his plan to retire from the international stage .",
"title": "Senior career"
},
{
"text": " In August 2018 , whilst still a player , Honda was named manager of Cambodia . Under this arrangement , Honda will hold weekly conference with Cambodia coaching staff , and will be on the touchline when Cambodias match is in FIFA International match Calendar , with his assistant Felix Dalmas stepping in whenever Honda is unavailable . On 10 September 2018 , Honda lost his opening game as manager of Cambodia 3–1 against Malaysia .",
"title": "Cambodia"
},
{
"text": "Coming from a sporting family , Keisuke Hondas older brother was also a footballer . Hondas great-uncle Daisaburo was a canoeist who represented Japan in C-2 1000 metres event at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics . Keisuke Hondas cousin is Tamon Honda , a professional wrestler and former Olympic wrestler , who participated in three Olympic Games in freestyle wrestling in 100 kg at the 1984 , 1988 Games , and in 130 kg at the 1992 showpiece , and is also a former tag team champion , winning the All Asia Tag Team Championship and GHC Tag Team Championship .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " - Russian Premier League : 2012–13 - Russian Cup : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup : 2013",
"title": "CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"text": " - Eerste Divisie Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Japanese Footballer of the Year : 2010 - AFC Asian Cup Most Valuable Player : 2011 - AFC Asian Cup Quality Player : 2011 - Best Footballer in Asia : 2013 - AFC Asian Cup Fans All Time Best XI : 2018 - IFFHS AFC Mens Team of the Decade 2011–2020 - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020",
"title": "Individual"
},
{
"text": " - Keisuke Honda at A.C . Milans official website - Keisuke Honda at Official Liga MX Profile",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
/wiki/Kristiina_Ojuland#P39#0
|
What position did Kristiina Ojuland take between Aug 1995 and Dec 1995?
|
Kristiina Ojuland Kristiina Ojuland ( born 17 December 1966 in Kohtla-Järve , Estonia ) is an Estonian politician . She was the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005 . She was a member of the Estonian Reform Party from 1995 till 5 June 2013 and from 2009 to 2014 she served as one of the six Estonian MEPs in the European parliament . She was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . She later founded the Party of Peoples Unity , which failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary election . Education . In 1990 she received her LL.B . from University of Tartu . In 1992 she graduated from the Estonian School of Diplomacy in Tallinn and attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva special program . In 1993 she attended the Vienna School of International Studies , special program . Beginning of career . Between 1990 and 1992 Ojuland worked in the Draft Legislation Department of the Estonian Ministry of Justice . She moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1992 to work on affairs related to the Council of Europe , and she was promoted to be Estonias Permanent Representative to the Council in 1993 , a post she held for one year , before moving to become Director of the Estonian Broadcasting Association . Reform Party politician . In 1994 she moved into politics , becoming a member of the Riigikogu and the parliaments Foreign Affairs Committee , as well as chair of the Estonian-French parliamentary friendship group from 1996 . She joined the Estonian Reform Party in 1995 , becoming their Foreign Affairs Spokesperson . With the partys affiliation to the European Liberal , Democrat and Reform Party ( ELDR ) , she rose to the post of Vice President in 1999 , as well as Leader of the LDR group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( PACE ) , to which she had been head of the Estonian Parliamentary Delegation since 1996 . From 2002 to 2005 Ojuland was the Estonian minister of foreign affairs , and she chaired the European Affairs Committee of the Riigikogu from 2004-07 . In June 2004 she ran for the post of secretary-general of the Council of Europe , but was defeated , receiving 51 of 299 votes . She was the first vice-speaker of the parliament from 2007 to 2009 , at which point she became a Member of the European Parliament for the ALDE . From 2007 to 2014 she was the Vice President of the ELDR and Vice-chair of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe . Ojuland was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . Party of Peoples Unity . In 2014 , Ojuland founded and become the leader of the Party of Peoples Unity . She began to express strong anti-immigration and anti-Islam views , such as calling for a ban on the Quran and claiming that the white race is in danger . The party failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary elections , and was dissolved in 2019 . Decorations . - Commander of the Legion of Honour ( France ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D . Henrique ( Portugal ) - The Order of the National Coat of Arms 5th class ( Estonia ) - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2007 ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Crown of the Georgian Kingdom ( 2 February 2014 ) Personal life . From 1987 to 2000 , Ojuland was married to Erik Siigur . Later , her partner was businessman Raimo Kägu . Other . In 2007 , Ojuland participated as a celebrity contestant on the second season of Tantsud tähtedega , an Estonian version of Dancing with the Stars . Her professional dancing partner was Aleksandr Makarov . References . - Estonian foreign minister sacked . BBC
|
[
"Foreign Affairs Spokesperson",
"chair of the Estonian-French parliamentary friendship group"
] |
[
{
"text": "Kristiina Ojuland ( born 17 December 1966 in Kohtla-Järve , Estonia ) is an Estonian politician . She was the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005 . She was a member of the Estonian Reform Party from 1995 till 5 June 2013 and from 2009 to 2014 she served as one of the six Estonian MEPs in the European parliament . She was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . She later founded the Party of Peoples Unity , which failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019",
"title": "Kristiina Ojuland"
},
{
"text": "parliamentary election .",
"title": "Kristiina Ojuland"
},
{
"text": " In 1990 she received her LL.B . from University of Tartu . In 1992 she graduated from the Estonian School of Diplomacy in Tallinn and attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva special program . In 1993 she attended the Vienna School of International Studies , special program .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Between 1990 and 1992 Ojuland worked in the Draft Legislation Department of the Estonian Ministry of Justice . She moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1992 to work on affairs related to the Council of Europe , and she was promoted to be Estonias Permanent Representative to the Council in 1993 , a post she held for one year , before moving to become Director of the Estonian Broadcasting Association .",
"title": "Beginning of career"
},
{
"text": "In 1994 she moved into politics , becoming a member of the Riigikogu and the parliaments Foreign Affairs Committee , as well as chair of the Estonian-French parliamentary friendship group from 1996 . She joined the Estonian Reform Party in 1995 , becoming their Foreign Affairs Spokesperson . With the partys affiliation to the European Liberal , Democrat and Reform Party ( ELDR ) , she rose to the post of Vice President in 1999 , as well as Leader of the LDR group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( PACE ) , to which she",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "had been head of the Estonian Parliamentary Delegation since 1996 .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "From 2002 to 2005 Ojuland was the Estonian minister of foreign affairs , and she chaired the European Affairs Committee of the Riigikogu from 2004-07 . In June 2004 she ran for the post of secretary-general of the Council of Europe , but was defeated , receiving 51 of 299 votes . She was the first vice-speaker of the parliament from 2007 to 2009 , at which point she became a Member of the European Parliament for the ALDE . From 2007 to 2014 she was the Vice President of the ELDR and Vice-chair of the Alliance of Liberals and",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": " Ojuland was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . Party of Peoples Unity . In 2014 , Ojuland founded and become the leader of the Party of Peoples Unity . She began to express strong anti-immigration and anti-Islam views , such as calling for a ban on the Quran and claiming that the white race is in danger . The party failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary elections , and was dissolved in 2019 .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": " - Commander of the Legion of Honour ( France ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D . Henrique ( Portugal ) - The Order of the National Coat of Arms 5th class ( Estonia ) - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2007 ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Crown of the Georgian Kingdom ( 2 February 2014 )",
"title": "Decorations"
},
{
"text": " From 1987 to 2000 , Ojuland was married to Erik Siigur . Later , her partner was businessman Raimo Kägu .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 2007 , Ojuland participated as a celebrity contestant on the second season of Tantsud tähtedega , an Estonian version of Dancing with the Stars . Her professional dancing partner was Aleksandr Makarov .",
"title": "Other"
},
{
"text": " - Estonian foreign minister sacked . BBC",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Kristiina_Ojuland#P39#1
|
What position did Kristiina Ojuland take in Dec 1999?
|
Kristiina Ojuland Kristiina Ojuland ( born 17 December 1966 in Kohtla-Järve , Estonia ) is an Estonian politician . She was the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005 . She was a member of the Estonian Reform Party from 1995 till 5 June 2013 and from 2009 to 2014 she served as one of the six Estonian MEPs in the European parliament . She was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . She later founded the Party of Peoples Unity , which failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary election . Education . In 1990 she received her LL.B . from University of Tartu . In 1992 she graduated from the Estonian School of Diplomacy in Tallinn and attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva special program . In 1993 she attended the Vienna School of International Studies , special program . Beginning of career . Between 1990 and 1992 Ojuland worked in the Draft Legislation Department of the Estonian Ministry of Justice . She moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1992 to work on affairs related to the Council of Europe , and she was promoted to be Estonias Permanent Representative to the Council in 1993 , a post she held for one year , before moving to become Director of the Estonian Broadcasting Association . Reform Party politician . In 1994 she moved into politics , becoming a member of the Riigikogu and the parliaments Foreign Affairs Committee , as well as chair of the Estonian-French parliamentary friendship group from 1996 . She joined the Estonian Reform Party in 1995 , becoming their Foreign Affairs Spokesperson . With the partys affiliation to the European Liberal , Democrat and Reform Party ( ELDR ) , she rose to the post of Vice President in 1999 , as well as Leader of the LDR group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( PACE ) , to which she had been head of the Estonian Parliamentary Delegation since 1996 . From 2002 to 2005 Ojuland was the Estonian minister of foreign affairs , and she chaired the European Affairs Committee of the Riigikogu from 2004-07 . In June 2004 she ran for the post of secretary-general of the Council of Europe , but was defeated , receiving 51 of 299 votes . She was the first vice-speaker of the parliament from 2007 to 2009 , at which point she became a Member of the European Parliament for the ALDE . From 2007 to 2014 she was the Vice President of the ELDR and Vice-chair of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe . Ojuland was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . Party of Peoples Unity . In 2014 , Ojuland founded and become the leader of the Party of Peoples Unity . She began to express strong anti-immigration and anti-Islam views , such as calling for a ban on the Quran and claiming that the white race is in danger . The party failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary elections , and was dissolved in 2019 . Decorations . - Commander of the Legion of Honour ( France ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D . Henrique ( Portugal ) - The Order of the National Coat of Arms 5th class ( Estonia ) - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2007 ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Crown of the Georgian Kingdom ( 2 February 2014 ) Personal life . From 1987 to 2000 , Ojuland was married to Erik Siigur . Later , her partner was businessman Raimo Kägu . Other . In 2007 , Ojuland participated as a celebrity contestant on the second season of Tantsud tähtedega , an Estonian version of Dancing with the Stars . Her professional dancing partner was Aleksandr Makarov . References . - Estonian foreign minister sacked . BBC
|
[
"Vice President"
] |
[
{
"text": "Kristiina Ojuland ( born 17 December 1966 in Kohtla-Järve , Estonia ) is an Estonian politician . She was the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005 . She was a member of the Estonian Reform Party from 1995 till 5 June 2013 and from 2009 to 2014 she served as one of the six Estonian MEPs in the European parliament . She was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . She later founded the Party of Peoples Unity , which failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019",
"title": "Kristiina Ojuland"
},
{
"text": "parliamentary election .",
"title": "Kristiina Ojuland"
},
{
"text": " In 1990 she received her LL.B . from University of Tartu . In 1992 she graduated from the Estonian School of Diplomacy in Tallinn and attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva special program . In 1993 she attended the Vienna School of International Studies , special program .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Between 1990 and 1992 Ojuland worked in the Draft Legislation Department of the Estonian Ministry of Justice . She moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1992 to work on affairs related to the Council of Europe , and she was promoted to be Estonias Permanent Representative to the Council in 1993 , a post she held for one year , before moving to become Director of the Estonian Broadcasting Association .",
"title": "Beginning of career"
},
{
"text": "In 1994 she moved into politics , becoming a member of the Riigikogu and the parliaments Foreign Affairs Committee , as well as chair of the Estonian-French parliamentary friendship group from 1996 . She joined the Estonian Reform Party in 1995 , becoming their Foreign Affairs Spokesperson . With the partys affiliation to the European Liberal , Democrat and Reform Party ( ELDR ) , she rose to the post of Vice President in 1999 , as well as Leader of the LDR group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( PACE ) , to which she",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "had been head of the Estonian Parliamentary Delegation since 1996 .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "From 2002 to 2005 Ojuland was the Estonian minister of foreign affairs , and she chaired the European Affairs Committee of the Riigikogu from 2004-07 . In June 2004 she ran for the post of secretary-general of the Council of Europe , but was defeated , receiving 51 of 299 votes . She was the first vice-speaker of the parliament from 2007 to 2009 , at which point she became a Member of the European Parliament for the ALDE . From 2007 to 2014 she was the Vice President of the ELDR and Vice-chair of the Alliance of Liberals and",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": " Ojuland was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . Party of Peoples Unity . In 2014 , Ojuland founded and become the leader of the Party of Peoples Unity . She began to express strong anti-immigration and anti-Islam views , such as calling for a ban on the Quran and claiming that the white race is in danger . The party failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary elections , and was dissolved in 2019 .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": " - Commander of the Legion of Honour ( France ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D . Henrique ( Portugal ) - The Order of the National Coat of Arms 5th class ( Estonia ) - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2007 ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Crown of the Georgian Kingdom ( 2 February 2014 )",
"title": "Decorations"
},
{
"text": " From 1987 to 2000 , Ojuland was married to Erik Siigur . Later , her partner was businessman Raimo Kägu .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 2007 , Ojuland participated as a celebrity contestant on the second season of Tantsud tähtedega , an Estonian version of Dancing with the Stars . Her professional dancing partner was Aleksandr Makarov .",
"title": "Other"
},
{
"text": " - Estonian foreign minister sacked . BBC",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Kristiina_Ojuland#P39#2
|
What position did Kristiina Ojuland take in Feb 2002?
|
Kristiina Ojuland Kristiina Ojuland ( born 17 December 1966 in Kohtla-Järve , Estonia ) is an Estonian politician . She was the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005 . She was a member of the Estonian Reform Party from 1995 till 5 June 2013 and from 2009 to 2014 she served as one of the six Estonian MEPs in the European parliament . She was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . She later founded the Party of Peoples Unity , which failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary election . Education . In 1990 she received her LL.B . from University of Tartu . In 1992 she graduated from the Estonian School of Diplomacy in Tallinn and attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva special program . In 1993 she attended the Vienna School of International Studies , special program . Beginning of career . Between 1990 and 1992 Ojuland worked in the Draft Legislation Department of the Estonian Ministry of Justice . She moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1992 to work on affairs related to the Council of Europe , and she was promoted to be Estonias Permanent Representative to the Council in 1993 , a post she held for one year , before moving to become Director of the Estonian Broadcasting Association . Reform Party politician . In 1994 she moved into politics , becoming a member of the Riigikogu and the parliaments Foreign Affairs Committee , as well as chair of the Estonian-French parliamentary friendship group from 1996 . She joined the Estonian Reform Party in 1995 , becoming their Foreign Affairs Spokesperson . With the partys affiliation to the European Liberal , Democrat and Reform Party ( ELDR ) , she rose to the post of Vice President in 1999 , as well as Leader of the LDR group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( PACE ) , to which she had been head of the Estonian Parliamentary Delegation since 1996 . From 2002 to 2005 Ojuland was the Estonian minister of foreign affairs , and she chaired the European Affairs Committee of the Riigikogu from 2004-07 . In June 2004 she ran for the post of secretary-general of the Council of Europe , but was defeated , receiving 51 of 299 votes . She was the first vice-speaker of the parliament from 2007 to 2009 , at which point she became a Member of the European Parliament for the ALDE . From 2007 to 2014 she was the Vice President of the ELDR and Vice-chair of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe . Ojuland was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . Party of Peoples Unity . In 2014 , Ojuland founded and become the leader of the Party of Peoples Unity . She began to express strong anti-immigration and anti-Islam views , such as calling for a ban on the Quran and claiming that the white race is in danger . The party failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary elections , and was dissolved in 2019 . Decorations . - Commander of the Legion of Honour ( France ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D . Henrique ( Portugal ) - The Order of the National Coat of Arms 5th class ( Estonia ) - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2007 ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Crown of the Georgian Kingdom ( 2 February 2014 ) Personal life . From 1987 to 2000 , Ojuland was married to Erik Siigur . Later , her partner was businessman Raimo Kägu . Other . In 2007 , Ojuland participated as a celebrity contestant on the second season of Tantsud tähtedega , an Estonian version of Dancing with the Stars . Her professional dancing partner was Aleksandr Makarov . References . - Estonian foreign minister sacked . BBC
|
[
"Estonian minister of foreign affairs"
] |
[
{
"text": "Kristiina Ojuland ( born 17 December 1966 in Kohtla-Järve , Estonia ) is an Estonian politician . She was the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005 . She was a member of the Estonian Reform Party from 1995 till 5 June 2013 and from 2009 to 2014 she served as one of the six Estonian MEPs in the European parliament . She was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . She later founded the Party of Peoples Unity , which failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019",
"title": "Kristiina Ojuland"
},
{
"text": "parliamentary election .",
"title": "Kristiina Ojuland"
},
{
"text": " In 1990 she received her LL.B . from University of Tartu . In 1992 she graduated from the Estonian School of Diplomacy in Tallinn and attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva special program . In 1993 she attended the Vienna School of International Studies , special program .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Between 1990 and 1992 Ojuland worked in the Draft Legislation Department of the Estonian Ministry of Justice . She moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1992 to work on affairs related to the Council of Europe , and she was promoted to be Estonias Permanent Representative to the Council in 1993 , a post she held for one year , before moving to become Director of the Estonian Broadcasting Association .",
"title": "Beginning of career"
},
{
"text": "In 1994 she moved into politics , becoming a member of the Riigikogu and the parliaments Foreign Affairs Committee , as well as chair of the Estonian-French parliamentary friendship group from 1996 . She joined the Estonian Reform Party in 1995 , becoming their Foreign Affairs Spokesperson . With the partys affiliation to the European Liberal , Democrat and Reform Party ( ELDR ) , she rose to the post of Vice President in 1999 , as well as Leader of the LDR group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( PACE ) , to which she",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "had been head of the Estonian Parliamentary Delegation since 1996 .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "From 2002 to 2005 Ojuland was the Estonian minister of foreign affairs , and she chaired the European Affairs Committee of the Riigikogu from 2004-07 . In June 2004 she ran for the post of secretary-general of the Council of Europe , but was defeated , receiving 51 of 299 votes . She was the first vice-speaker of the parliament from 2007 to 2009 , at which point she became a Member of the European Parliament for the ALDE . From 2007 to 2014 she was the Vice President of the ELDR and Vice-chair of the Alliance of Liberals and",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": " Ojuland was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . Party of Peoples Unity . In 2014 , Ojuland founded and become the leader of the Party of Peoples Unity . She began to express strong anti-immigration and anti-Islam views , such as calling for a ban on the Quran and claiming that the white race is in danger . The party failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary elections , and was dissolved in 2019 .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": " - Commander of the Legion of Honour ( France ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D . Henrique ( Portugal ) - The Order of the National Coat of Arms 5th class ( Estonia ) - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2007 ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Crown of the Georgian Kingdom ( 2 February 2014 )",
"title": "Decorations"
},
{
"text": " From 1987 to 2000 , Ojuland was married to Erik Siigur . Later , her partner was businessman Raimo Kägu .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 2007 , Ojuland participated as a celebrity contestant on the second season of Tantsud tähtedega , an Estonian version of Dancing with the Stars . Her professional dancing partner was Aleksandr Makarov .",
"title": "Other"
},
{
"text": " - Estonian foreign minister sacked . BBC",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Kristiina_Ojuland#P39#3
|
What position did Kristiina Ojuland take in Oct 2007?
|
Kristiina Ojuland Kristiina Ojuland ( born 17 December 1966 in Kohtla-Järve , Estonia ) is an Estonian politician . She was the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005 . She was a member of the Estonian Reform Party from 1995 till 5 June 2013 and from 2009 to 2014 she served as one of the six Estonian MEPs in the European parliament . She was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . She later founded the Party of Peoples Unity , which failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary election . Education . In 1990 she received her LL.B . from University of Tartu . In 1992 she graduated from the Estonian School of Diplomacy in Tallinn and attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva special program . In 1993 she attended the Vienna School of International Studies , special program . Beginning of career . Between 1990 and 1992 Ojuland worked in the Draft Legislation Department of the Estonian Ministry of Justice . She moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1992 to work on affairs related to the Council of Europe , and she was promoted to be Estonias Permanent Representative to the Council in 1993 , a post she held for one year , before moving to become Director of the Estonian Broadcasting Association . Reform Party politician . In 1994 she moved into politics , becoming a member of the Riigikogu and the parliaments Foreign Affairs Committee , as well as chair of the Estonian-French parliamentary friendship group from 1996 . She joined the Estonian Reform Party in 1995 , becoming their Foreign Affairs Spokesperson . With the partys affiliation to the European Liberal , Democrat and Reform Party ( ELDR ) , she rose to the post of Vice President in 1999 , as well as Leader of the LDR group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( PACE ) , to which she had been head of the Estonian Parliamentary Delegation since 1996 . From 2002 to 2005 Ojuland was the Estonian minister of foreign affairs , and she chaired the European Affairs Committee of the Riigikogu from 2004-07 . In June 2004 she ran for the post of secretary-general of the Council of Europe , but was defeated , receiving 51 of 299 votes . She was the first vice-speaker of the parliament from 2007 to 2009 , at which point she became a Member of the European Parliament for the ALDE . From 2007 to 2014 she was the Vice President of the ELDR and Vice-chair of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe . Ojuland was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . Party of Peoples Unity . In 2014 , Ojuland founded and become the leader of the Party of Peoples Unity . She began to express strong anti-immigration and anti-Islam views , such as calling for a ban on the Quran and claiming that the white race is in danger . The party failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary elections , and was dissolved in 2019 . Decorations . - Commander of the Legion of Honour ( France ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D . Henrique ( Portugal ) - The Order of the National Coat of Arms 5th class ( Estonia ) - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2007 ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Crown of the Georgian Kingdom ( 2 February 2014 ) Personal life . From 1987 to 2000 , Ojuland was married to Erik Siigur . Later , her partner was businessman Raimo Kägu . Other . In 2007 , Ojuland participated as a celebrity contestant on the second season of Tantsud tähtedega , an Estonian version of Dancing with the Stars . Her professional dancing partner was Aleksandr Makarov . References . - Estonian foreign minister sacked . BBC
|
[
"Vice President of the ELDR",
"Vice-chair of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe"
] |
[
{
"text": "Kristiina Ojuland ( born 17 December 1966 in Kohtla-Järve , Estonia ) is an Estonian politician . She was the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005 . She was a member of the Estonian Reform Party from 1995 till 5 June 2013 and from 2009 to 2014 she served as one of the six Estonian MEPs in the European parliament . She was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . She later founded the Party of Peoples Unity , which failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019",
"title": "Kristiina Ojuland"
},
{
"text": "parliamentary election .",
"title": "Kristiina Ojuland"
},
{
"text": " In 1990 she received her LL.B . from University of Tartu . In 1992 she graduated from the Estonian School of Diplomacy in Tallinn and attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva special program . In 1993 she attended the Vienna School of International Studies , special program .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Between 1990 and 1992 Ojuland worked in the Draft Legislation Department of the Estonian Ministry of Justice . She moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1992 to work on affairs related to the Council of Europe , and she was promoted to be Estonias Permanent Representative to the Council in 1993 , a post she held for one year , before moving to become Director of the Estonian Broadcasting Association .",
"title": "Beginning of career"
},
{
"text": "In 1994 she moved into politics , becoming a member of the Riigikogu and the parliaments Foreign Affairs Committee , as well as chair of the Estonian-French parliamentary friendship group from 1996 . She joined the Estonian Reform Party in 1995 , becoming their Foreign Affairs Spokesperson . With the partys affiliation to the European Liberal , Democrat and Reform Party ( ELDR ) , she rose to the post of Vice President in 1999 , as well as Leader of the LDR group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( PACE ) , to which she",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "had been head of the Estonian Parliamentary Delegation since 1996 .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "From 2002 to 2005 Ojuland was the Estonian minister of foreign affairs , and she chaired the European Affairs Committee of the Riigikogu from 2004-07 . In June 2004 she ran for the post of secretary-general of the Council of Europe , but was defeated , receiving 51 of 299 votes . She was the first vice-speaker of the parliament from 2007 to 2009 , at which point she became a Member of the European Parliament for the ALDE . From 2007 to 2014 she was the Vice President of the ELDR and Vice-chair of the Alliance of Liberals and",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": " Ojuland was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . Party of Peoples Unity . In 2014 , Ojuland founded and become the leader of the Party of Peoples Unity . She began to express strong anti-immigration and anti-Islam views , such as calling for a ban on the Quran and claiming that the white race is in danger . The party failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary elections , and was dissolved in 2019 .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": " - Commander of the Legion of Honour ( France ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D . Henrique ( Portugal ) - The Order of the National Coat of Arms 5th class ( Estonia ) - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2007 ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Crown of the Georgian Kingdom ( 2 February 2014 )",
"title": "Decorations"
},
{
"text": " From 1987 to 2000 , Ojuland was married to Erik Siigur . Later , her partner was businessman Raimo Kägu .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 2007 , Ojuland participated as a celebrity contestant on the second season of Tantsud tähtedega , an Estonian version of Dancing with the Stars . Her professional dancing partner was Aleksandr Makarov .",
"title": "Other"
},
{
"text": " - Estonian foreign minister sacked . BBC",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Kristiina_Ojuland#P39#4
|
What position did Kristiina Ojuland take in Jul 2009?
|
Kristiina Ojuland Kristiina Ojuland ( born 17 December 1966 in Kohtla-Järve , Estonia ) is an Estonian politician . She was the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005 . She was a member of the Estonian Reform Party from 1995 till 5 June 2013 and from 2009 to 2014 she served as one of the six Estonian MEPs in the European parliament . She was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . She later founded the Party of Peoples Unity , which failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary election . Education . In 1990 she received her LL.B . from University of Tartu . In 1992 she graduated from the Estonian School of Diplomacy in Tallinn and attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva special program . In 1993 she attended the Vienna School of International Studies , special program . Beginning of career . Between 1990 and 1992 Ojuland worked in the Draft Legislation Department of the Estonian Ministry of Justice . She moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1992 to work on affairs related to the Council of Europe , and she was promoted to be Estonias Permanent Representative to the Council in 1993 , a post she held for one year , before moving to become Director of the Estonian Broadcasting Association . Reform Party politician . In 1994 she moved into politics , becoming a member of the Riigikogu and the parliaments Foreign Affairs Committee , as well as chair of the Estonian-French parliamentary friendship group from 1996 . She joined the Estonian Reform Party in 1995 , becoming their Foreign Affairs Spokesperson . With the partys affiliation to the European Liberal , Democrat and Reform Party ( ELDR ) , she rose to the post of Vice President in 1999 , as well as Leader of the LDR group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( PACE ) , to which she had been head of the Estonian Parliamentary Delegation since 1996 . From 2002 to 2005 Ojuland was the Estonian minister of foreign affairs , and she chaired the European Affairs Committee of the Riigikogu from 2004-07 . In June 2004 she ran for the post of secretary-general of the Council of Europe , but was defeated , receiving 51 of 299 votes . She was the first vice-speaker of the parliament from 2007 to 2009 , at which point she became a Member of the European Parliament for the ALDE . From 2007 to 2014 she was the Vice President of the ELDR and Vice-chair of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe . Ojuland was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . Party of Peoples Unity . In 2014 , Ojuland founded and become the leader of the Party of Peoples Unity . She began to express strong anti-immigration and anti-Islam views , such as calling for a ban on the Quran and claiming that the white race is in danger . The party failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary elections , and was dissolved in 2019 . Decorations . - Commander of the Legion of Honour ( France ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D . Henrique ( Portugal ) - The Order of the National Coat of Arms 5th class ( Estonia ) - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2007 ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Crown of the Georgian Kingdom ( 2 February 2014 ) Personal life . From 1987 to 2000 , Ojuland was married to Erik Siigur . Later , her partner was businessman Raimo Kägu . Other . In 2007 , Ojuland participated as a celebrity contestant on the second season of Tantsud tähtedega , an Estonian version of Dancing with the Stars . Her professional dancing partner was Aleksandr Makarov . References . - Estonian foreign minister sacked . BBC
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Kristiina Ojuland ( born 17 December 1966 in Kohtla-Järve , Estonia ) is an Estonian politician . She was the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005 . She was a member of the Estonian Reform Party from 1995 till 5 June 2013 and from 2009 to 2014 she served as one of the six Estonian MEPs in the European parliament . She was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . She later founded the Party of Peoples Unity , which failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019",
"title": "Kristiina Ojuland"
},
{
"text": "parliamentary election .",
"title": "Kristiina Ojuland"
},
{
"text": " In 1990 she received her LL.B . from University of Tartu . In 1992 she graduated from the Estonian School of Diplomacy in Tallinn and attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva special program . In 1993 she attended the Vienna School of International Studies , special program .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Between 1990 and 1992 Ojuland worked in the Draft Legislation Department of the Estonian Ministry of Justice . She moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1992 to work on affairs related to the Council of Europe , and she was promoted to be Estonias Permanent Representative to the Council in 1993 , a post she held for one year , before moving to become Director of the Estonian Broadcasting Association .",
"title": "Beginning of career"
},
{
"text": "In 1994 she moved into politics , becoming a member of the Riigikogu and the parliaments Foreign Affairs Committee , as well as chair of the Estonian-French parliamentary friendship group from 1996 . She joined the Estonian Reform Party in 1995 , becoming their Foreign Affairs Spokesperson . With the partys affiliation to the European Liberal , Democrat and Reform Party ( ELDR ) , she rose to the post of Vice President in 1999 , as well as Leader of the LDR group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( PACE ) , to which she",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "had been head of the Estonian Parliamentary Delegation since 1996 .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "From 2002 to 2005 Ojuland was the Estonian minister of foreign affairs , and she chaired the European Affairs Committee of the Riigikogu from 2004-07 . In June 2004 she ran for the post of secretary-general of the Council of Europe , but was defeated , receiving 51 of 299 votes . She was the first vice-speaker of the parliament from 2007 to 2009 , at which point she became a Member of the European Parliament for the ALDE . From 2007 to 2014 she was the Vice President of the ELDR and Vice-chair of the Alliance of Liberals and",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": " Ojuland was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . Party of Peoples Unity . In 2014 , Ojuland founded and become the leader of the Party of Peoples Unity . She began to express strong anti-immigration and anti-Islam views , such as calling for a ban on the Quran and claiming that the white race is in danger . The party failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary elections , and was dissolved in 2019 .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": " - Commander of the Legion of Honour ( France ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D . Henrique ( Portugal ) - The Order of the National Coat of Arms 5th class ( Estonia ) - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2007 ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Crown of the Georgian Kingdom ( 2 February 2014 )",
"title": "Decorations"
},
{
"text": " From 1987 to 2000 , Ojuland was married to Erik Siigur . Later , her partner was businessman Raimo Kägu .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 2007 , Ojuland participated as a celebrity contestant on the second season of Tantsud tähtedega , an Estonian version of Dancing with the Stars . Her professional dancing partner was Aleksandr Makarov .",
"title": "Other"
},
{
"text": " - Estonian foreign minister sacked . BBC",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Kristiina_Ojuland#P39#5
|
What position did Kristiina Ojuland take in Mar 2011?
|
Kristiina Ojuland Kristiina Ojuland ( born 17 December 1966 in Kohtla-Järve , Estonia ) is an Estonian politician . She was the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005 . She was a member of the Estonian Reform Party from 1995 till 5 June 2013 and from 2009 to 2014 she served as one of the six Estonian MEPs in the European parliament . She was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . She later founded the Party of Peoples Unity , which failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary election . Education . In 1990 she received her LL.B . from University of Tartu . In 1992 she graduated from the Estonian School of Diplomacy in Tallinn and attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva special program . In 1993 she attended the Vienna School of International Studies , special program . Beginning of career . Between 1990 and 1992 Ojuland worked in the Draft Legislation Department of the Estonian Ministry of Justice . She moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1992 to work on affairs related to the Council of Europe , and she was promoted to be Estonias Permanent Representative to the Council in 1993 , a post she held for one year , before moving to become Director of the Estonian Broadcasting Association . Reform Party politician . In 1994 she moved into politics , becoming a member of the Riigikogu and the parliaments Foreign Affairs Committee , as well as chair of the Estonian-French parliamentary friendship group from 1996 . She joined the Estonian Reform Party in 1995 , becoming their Foreign Affairs Spokesperson . With the partys affiliation to the European Liberal , Democrat and Reform Party ( ELDR ) , she rose to the post of Vice President in 1999 , as well as Leader of the LDR group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( PACE ) , to which she had been head of the Estonian Parliamentary Delegation since 1996 . From 2002 to 2005 Ojuland was the Estonian minister of foreign affairs , and she chaired the European Affairs Committee of the Riigikogu from 2004-07 . In June 2004 she ran for the post of secretary-general of the Council of Europe , but was defeated , receiving 51 of 299 votes . She was the first vice-speaker of the parliament from 2007 to 2009 , at which point she became a Member of the European Parliament for the ALDE . From 2007 to 2014 she was the Vice President of the ELDR and Vice-chair of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe . Ojuland was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . Party of Peoples Unity . In 2014 , Ojuland founded and become the leader of the Party of Peoples Unity . She began to express strong anti-immigration and anti-Islam views , such as calling for a ban on the Quran and claiming that the white race is in danger . The party failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary elections , and was dissolved in 2019 . Decorations . - Commander of the Legion of Honour ( France ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D . Henrique ( Portugal ) - The Order of the National Coat of Arms 5th class ( Estonia ) - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2007 ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Crown of the Georgian Kingdom ( 2 February 2014 ) Personal life . From 1987 to 2000 , Ojuland was married to Erik Siigur . Later , her partner was businessman Raimo Kägu . Other . In 2007 , Ojuland participated as a celebrity contestant on the second season of Tantsud tähtedega , an Estonian version of Dancing with the Stars . Her professional dancing partner was Aleksandr Makarov . References . - Estonian foreign minister sacked . BBC
|
[
""
] |
[
{
"text": "Kristiina Ojuland ( born 17 December 1966 in Kohtla-Järve , Estonia ) is an Estonian politician . She was the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 2002 through 2005 . She was a member of the Estonian Reform Party from 1995 till 5 June 2013 and from 2009 to 2014 she served as one of the six Estonian MEPs in the European parliament . She was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . She later founded the Party of Peoples Unity , which failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019",
"title": "Kristiina Ojuland"
},
{
"text": "parliamentary election .",
"title": "Kristiina Ojuland"
},
{
"text": " In 1990 she received her LL.B . from University of Tartu . In 1992 she graduated from the Estonian School of Diplomacy in Tallinn and attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva special program . In 1993 she attended the Vienna School of International Studies , special program .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": " Between 1990 and 1992 Ojuland worked in the Draft Legislation Department of the Estonian Ministry of Justice . She moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1992 to work on affairs related to the Council of Europe , and she was promoted to be Estonias Permanent Representative to the Council in 1993 , a post she held for one year , before moving to become Director of the Estonian Broadcasting Association .",
"title": "Beginning of career"
},
{
"text": "In 1994 she moved into politics , becoming a member of the Riigikogu and the parliaments Foreign Affairs Committee , as well as chair of the Estonian-French parliamentary friendship group from 1996 . She joined the Estonian Reform Party in 1995 , becoming their Foreign Affairs Spokesperson . With the partys affiliation to the European Liberal , Democrat and Reform Party ( ELDR ) , she rose to the post of Vice President in 1999 , as well as Leader of the LDR group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe ( PACE ) , to which she",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "had been head of the Estonian Parliamentary Delegation since 1996 .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "From 2002 to 2005 Ojuland was the Estonian minister of foreign affairs , and she chaired the European Affairs Committee of the Riigikogu from 2004-07 . In June 2004 she ran for the post of secretary-general of the Council of Europe , but was defeated , receiving 51 of 299 votes . She was the first vice-speaker of the parliament from 2007 to 2009 , at which point she became a Member of the European Parliament for the ALDE . From 2007 to 2014 she was the Vice President of the ELDR and Vice-chair of the Alliance of Liberals and",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": "Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": " Ojuland was expelled from the Reform Party because of alleged vote rigging on 5 June 2013 . Party of Peoples Unity . In 2014 , Ojuland founded and become the leader of the Party of Peoples Unity . She began to express strong anti-immigration and anti-Islam views , such as calling for a ban on the Quran and claiming that the white race is in danger . The party failed to gain any seats in the 2015 and 2019 parliamentary elections , and was dissolved in 2019 .",
"title": "Reform Party politician"
},
{
"text": " - Commander of the Legion of Honour ( France ) - Grand Cross of the Order of Infante D . Henrique ( Portugal ) - The Order of the National Coat of Arms 5th class ( Estonia ) - Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria ( 2007 ) - Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Crown of the Georgian Kingdom ( 2 February 2014 )",
"title": "Decorations"
},
{
"text": " From 1987 to 2000 , Ojuland was married to Erik Siigur . Later , her partner was businessman Raimo Kägu .",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"text": " In 2007 , Ojuland participated as a celebrity contestant on the second season of Tantsud tähtedega , an Estonian version of Dancing with the Stars . Her professional dancing partner was Aleksandr Makarov .",
"title": "Other"
},
{
"text": " - Estonian foreign minister sacked . BBC",
"title": "References"
}
] |
/wiki/Hailemariam_Desalegn#P39#0
|
What was the position of Hailemariam Desalegn before May 2011?
|
Hailemariam Desalegn Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe ( ; born 19 July 1965 ) is an Ethiopian politician who served as Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 2012 to 2018 . He also previously served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs under Prime Minister Meles Zenawi from 2010 to 2012 . After Meles death in August 2012 , Hailemariam succeeded him as Prime Minister , initially in an acting capacity . He was then elected as the Chair of the EPRDF , the ruling party , on 15 September 2012 . Hailemariam also served as the Chairperson of the African Union from 2013 to 2014 . He submitted his resignation as Prime Minister of Ethiopia and EPRDF chairperson on 15 February 2018 in response to the fallout from mass protests and unrest in 2016 . His resignation was accepted on 11 March 2018 , but he stayed in office as caretaker Prime Minister until 2 April 2018 . Hailemariam is the first ruler in modern Ethiopian history to step down ; previous leaders have died in office or been overthrown . He said he wanted to clear the way for reforms . Background . Early life . Hailemariam was born in 1965 in the Boloso Sore District Hombba of the Wolayita Zone in southern Ethiopia . Hailemariam is from Wolayta ethnic group of Ethiopia , the first largest in the Southern Nations , Nationalities , and Peoples Region ( SNNPR ) . His family belongs to the Apostolic Church of Ethiopia , a Oneness Pentecostal denomination that is not part of the mainstream Ethiopian Protestant Christianity ( Pentay ) , which believes in Trinitarianism . Married to Roman Tesfaye , he is well known to be both a religious and family man . Education . In 1988 , Hailemariam received a bachelors degree in civil engineering from Addis Ababa University . He subsequently worked as a graduate assistant in the Arba Minch Water Technology Institute ( now Arba Minch University ) . After two years of working in this capacity , he won a scholarship to Tampere University of Technology in Finland , where he earned a masters degree in sanitation engineering . Upon his return to Ethiopia , he served in different academic and administrative capacities , including the dean of the Water Technology Institute , for 13 years . In between , he also earned an MA in Organizational Leadership at Azusa Pacific University , California , US . Political career . Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front . In the late 1990s and early 2000s , he became seriously involved in politics as a member of the EPRDF ( Ethiopias ruling party ) and became the deputy president of the SNNPR . He replaced Abate Kisho who was removed from power on corruption charges , but it is believed that Abate was demoted for supporting the anti-Meles Zenawi faction when the Tigrayan Peoples Liberation Front ( the core of the EPRDF ) split in 2000 . Another widely accepted belief about Abate was that he was less educated and exercised poor leadership while he was in power . President of the Southern Nations , Nationalities , and Peoples Region . Hailemariam was President of the SNNPR from November 2001 to March 2006 and was promoted to Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in October 2010 . He has been Deputy Chairman of EPRDF , Chairman of SEPDM , Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs . He has served as Vice President of the SNNPR ( 2000–2002 ) ; President of the SNNPR ( 2002–2005 ) ; Member of the House of Peoples Representatives ( 2005–present ) ; Social Affairs Special Advisor to the PM , then Public Mobilization & Participation Special Advisor to the Prime Minister ( 2005–2008 ) ; Government Chief Whip , with a Ministerial portfolio ( 2008–2010 ) . Party Posts : Member of the Executive Committee of the EPRDF and the SEPDM ( 2000–present ) ; Chairman of the SEPDM ( 2002–present ) ; Deputy Chairman of the EPRDF ( since Sept 2010 ) . After his tenure as President of the SNNPR , Hailemariam worked in the Prime Ministers Office as the advisor on Social Affairs and Civic Organizations and Partnerships for two years . He led the team that drafted the Charities and Societies Proclamation law ( CSO law ) that limits the interference of international non-governmental organizations ( NGOs ) in local political activities . The law was adopted by the Ethiopian Parliament in 2009 . He is also credited with pushing EPRDF to re-organize its structure after the contentious 2005 elections via the 1-to-5 model ( one member recruits five new people - አንድ ለአምስት አደረጃጀት ) that boosted the number of party members from 400,000 to five million by the 2010 elections . In 2010 , Hailemariam was sworn into dual ministerial positions as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs . Prime Minister of Ethiopia . Appointment . Following the death of Ethiopias longtime Prime Minister Meles Zenawi on 20 August 2012 , Deputy Prime Minister Hailemariam was appointed as the acting Premier . Hailemariam became the permanent Prime Minister on 21 September 2012 . European Parliament President Martin Schulz , after meeting with Hailemariam , said that his desire to strengthen democracy in the country , allowing for greater pluralism and a freer civil society , to uphold the freedoms enshrined in the Ethiopian Constitution was clear . Ethiopia-Somalia cooperative agreements . In February 2014 , Hailemariam met in Addis Ababa with a visiting delegation from Somalia led by Somali Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed to discuss strengthening bilateral relations between the two countries . Hailemariam pledged his administrations continued support for the peace and stabilization efforts in Somalia , as well as its preparedness to assist in initiatives aiming to build up the Somali security forces through experience-sharing and training . He also suggested that Ethiopia and Somalia should increase bilateral trade and investment . Additionally , Hailemariam described the growing ties between both nations as a break from the counter-productive policies of past administrations , marking instead of the opening of a new chapter where mutual stability is beneficial . For his part , Ahmed commended Ethiopias role in the ongoing peace and stabilization process in Somalia as well as its support against the Al-Shabaab militant group . He likewise welcomed the Ethiopian militarys decision to join AMISOM . The meeting concluded with a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding agreeing to promote partnership and cooperation , including a cooperative agreement to develop the police force , a second cooperative agreement covering the information field , and a third cooperative agreement on the aviation sector . Economic policy . Hailemariam Desalegn has sustained economic progress in Ethiopia after the sudden death of his predecessor in 2012 . He played role to complete the implementation of the Growth and Transformation Plan ( GTP I ) and to start with GTP II . Between 2012 and 2018 , major projects like Hawassa and Mekelle industrial park , Addis Ababa Light Rail , Gilgel Gibe III Dam , the new Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway , as well as Bahir Dar Stadium and other stadiums in Mekelle and Hawassa are completed . Hailemariam is accredited for the countrys continued rapid and double-digit economic growth , and Hailemariam led Ethiopia to partner Kenya in the ambitious US$24.5bn Lamu Port Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport ( LAPSSET ) Corridor – which includes a railway , highways , and an oil pipeline – which will provide his landlocked country and South Sudan with a new export pathway and reduce Kenyas dependence on the heavily congested port of Mombasa . Moreover , Hailemariam has partnered Ethiopia with Djibouti to sign an agreement for a $1.55 billion fuel pipeline with developers Mining , Oil & Gas Services and Blackstone Group LP-backed Black Rhino Group . Both countries which are in the Horn of Africa signed framework agreements in September 2015 for construction of the 550-kilometer ( 340-mile ) line to transport diesel , gasoline and jet fuel from port access in Djibouti to central Ethiopia . The joint project construction is scheduled for completion in two years . Hailemariam continued with the ambitious projects like the Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam , which was launched by his predecessor , Meles Zenawi . Financially , Hailemariams government welcomed its first sovereign credit ratings from global agencies in 2014 – a B1 from Moodys and B ratings from both Fitch and Standard & Poors , which opened the door to international capital markets and foreign direct investment . However , the foreign investment capital comes from China , which has committed hundreds of millions of dollars in loans and grants to assist the government-owned corporations’ ambitious initiatives , as well as other capital intensive projects like roads , bridges and railways . Resignation . Hailemariam Desalegn said in a televised address that he has submitted his resignation as both Ethiopias prime minister and chairman of the countrys ruling coalition . His resignation makes him the first leader to do so in the countrys recent history . Hailemariams announcement comes amid a political crisis and lingering unrest in the Horn of Africa country , which has been releasing thousands of political prisoners to ease tensions . Unrest and a political crisis have led to the loss of lives and displacement of many , he added , however , that he will stay on as prime minister in a caretaker capacity , until the ruling Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front ( EPRDF ) and the countrys parliament accept his resignation and name a new premier . Board membership . Hailemariam is a member of the board of numerous international organizations such as International Crisis Group , Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa , Tana High Level Forum on Security in Africa , Brenthurst Foundation , IBA Ethiopia Center for Innovation , and the Ethiopian Reconciliation Commission . Prime Minister of Ethiopia ( 2012–18 ) ; Chair , Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front ( 2012–18 ) ; Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs ( 2010–12 ) ; Advisor to Prime Minister with the rank of Minister ( 2007-2010 ) ; Chair , African Union ( 2013–14 ) ; University lecturer and Dean , Arba Minch University for 12 years ; Vice President and President of the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State ( 2001–06 ) . Currently : Board Chair , Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ; Founder and Board Chair , Hailemariam and Roman Foundation ; Board Chair , Tourism Ethiopia ; Board of Trustees , International Crisis Group ; Advisory Board Member , The Brenthurst Foundation ; Member of Parliament for 21 years ; Member of different professional Associations .
|
[
"Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs"
] |
[
{
"text": "Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe ( ; born 19 July 1965 ) is an Ethiopian politician who served as Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 2012 to 2018 . He also previously served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs under Prime Minister Meles Zenawi from 2010 to 2012 . After Meles death in August 2012 , Hailemariam succeeded him as Prime Minister , initially in an acting capacity . He was then elected as the Chair of the EPRDF , the ruling party , on 15 September 2012 . Hailemariam also served as the Chairperson of the African Union from",
"title": "Hailemariam Desalegn"
},
{
"text": "2013 to 2014 .",
"title": "Hailemariam Desalegn"
},
{
"text": " He submitted his resignation as Prime Minister of Ethiopia and EPRDF chairperson on 15 February 2018 in response to the fallout from mass protests and unrest in 2016 . His resignation was accepted on 11 March 2018 , but he stayed in office as caretaker Prime Minister until 2 April 2018 . Hailemariam is the first ruler in modern Ethiopian history to step down ; previous leaders have died in office or been overthrown . He said he wanted to clear the way for reforms .",
"title": "Hailemariam Desalegn"
},
{
"text": " Hailemariam was born in 1965 in the Boloso Sore District Hombba of the Wolayita Zone in southern Ethiopia . Hailemariam is from Wolayta ethnic group of Ethiopia , the first largest in the Southern Nations , Nationalities , and Peoples Region ( SNNPR ) . His family belongs to the Apostolic Church of Ethiopia , a Oneness Pentecostal denomination that is not part of the mainstream Ethiopian Protestant Christianity ( Pentay ) , which believes in Trinitarianism . Married to Roman Tesfaye , he is well known to be both a religious and family man .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1988 , Hailemariam received a bachelors degree in civil engineering from Addis Ababa University . He subsequently worked as a graduate assistant in the Arba Minch Water Technology Institute ( now Arba Minch University ) . After two years of working in this capacity , he won a scholarship to Tampere University of Technology in Finland , where he earned a masters degree in sanitation engineering . Upon his return to Ethiopia , he served in different academic and administrative capacities , including the dean of the Water Technology Institute , for 13 years . In between , he",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "also earned an MA in Organizational Leadership at Azusa Pacific University , California , US .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "In the late 1990s and early 2000s , he became seriously involved in politics as a member of the EPRDF ( Ethiopias ruling party ) and became the deputy president of the SNNPR . He replaced Abate Kisho who was removed from power on corruption charges , but it is believed that Abate was demoted for supporting the anti-Meles Zenawi faction when the Tigrayan Peoples Liberation Front ( the core of the EPRDF ) split in 2000 . Another widely accepted belief about Abate was that he was less educated and exercised poor leadership while he was in power .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Hailemariam was President of the SNNPR from November 2001 to March 2006 and was promoted to Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in October 2010 . He has been Deputy Chairman of EPRDF , Chairman of SEPDM , Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs . He has served as Vice President of the SNNPR ( 2000–2002 ) ; President of the SNNPR ( 2002–2005 ) ; Member of the House of Peoples Representatives ( 2005–present ) ; Social Affairs Special Advisor to the PM , then Public Mobilization & Participation Special Advisor to the Prime Minister",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "( 2005–2008 ) ; Government Chief Whip , with a Ministerial portfolio ( 2008–2010 ) . Party Posts : Member of the Executive Committee of the EPRDF and the SEPDM ( 2000–present ) ; Chairman of the SEPDM ( 2002–present ) ; Deputy Chairman of the EPRDF ( since Sept 2010 ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "After his tenure as President of the SNNPR , Hailemariam worked in the Prime Ministers Office as the advisor on Social Affairs and Civic Organizations and Partnerships for two years . He led the team that drafted the Charities and Societies Proclamation law ( CSO law ) that limits the interference of international non-governmental organizations ( NGOs ) in local political activities . The law was adopted by the Ethiopian Parliament in 2009 . He is also credited with pushing EPRDF to re-organize its structure after the contentious 2005 elections via the 1-to-5 model ( one member recruits five new",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "people - አንድ ለአምስት አደረጃጀት ) that boosted the number of party members from 400,000 to five million by the 2010 elections . In 2010 , Hailemariam was sworn into dual ministerial positions as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Following the death of Ethiopias longtime Prime Minister Meles Zenawi on 20 August 2012 , Deputy Prime Minister Hailemariam was appointed as the acting Premier . Hailemariam became the permanent Prime Minister on 21 September 2012 . European Parliament President Martin Schulz , after meeting with Hailemariam , said that his desire to strengthen democracy in the country , allowing for greater pluralism and a freer civil society , to uphold the freedoms enshrined in the Ethiopian Constitution was clear .",
"title": "Appointment"
},
{
"text": "In February 2014 , Hailemariam met in Addis Ababa with a visiting delegation from Somalia led by Somali Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed to discuss strengthening bilateral relations between the two countries . Hailemariam pledged his administrations continued support for the peace and stabilization efforts in Somalia , as well as its preparedness to assist in initiatives aiming to build up the Somali security forces through experience-sharing and training . He also suggested that Ethiopia and Somalia should increase bilateral trade and investment . Additionally , Hailemariam described the growing ties between both nations as a break from the counter-productive",
"title": "Ethiopia-Somalia cooperative agreements"
},
{
"text": "policies of past administrations , marking instead of the opening of a new chapter where mutual stability is beneficial . For his part , Ahmed commended Ethiopias role in the ongoing peace and stabilization process in Somalia as well as its support against the Al-Shabaab militant group . He likewise welcomed the Ethiopian militarys decision to join AMISOM . The meeting concluded with a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding agreeing to promote partnership and cooperation , including a cooperative agreement to develop the police force , a second cooperative agreement covering the information field , and a third cooperative agreement on",
"title": "Ethiopia-Somalia cooperative agreements"
},
{
"text": "the aviation sector .",
"title": "Ethiopia-Somalia cooperative agreements"
},
{
"text": "Hailemariam Desalegn has sustained economic progress in Ethiopia after the sudden death of his predecessor in 2012 . He played role to complete the implementation of the Growth and Transformation Plan ( GTP I ) and to start with GTP II . Between 2012 and 2018 , major projects like Hawassa and Mekelle industrial park , Addis Ababa Light Rail , Gilgel Gibe III Dam , the new Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway , as well as Bahir Dar Stadium and other stadiums in Mekelle and Hawassa are completed . Hailemariam is accredited for the countrys continued rapid and double-digit economic growth",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": ", and",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": "Hailemariam led Ethiopia to partner Kenya in the ambitious US$24.5bn Lamu Port Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport ( LAPSSET ) Corridor – which includes a railway , highways , and an oil pipeline – which will provide his landlocked country and South Sudan with a new export pathway and reduce Kenyas dependence on the heavily congested port of Mombasa . Moreover , Hailemariam has partnered Ethiopia with Djibouti to sign an agreement for a $1.55 billion fuel pipeline with developers Mining , Oil & Gas Services and Blackstone Group LP-backed Black Rhino Group . Both countries which are in the Horn of",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": "Africa signed framework agreements in September 2015 for construction of the 550-kilometer ( 340-mile ) line to transport diesel , gasoline and jet fuel from port access in Djibouti to central Ethiopia . The joint project construction is scheduled for completion in two years .",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": "Hailemariam continued with the ambitious projects like the Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam , which was launched by his predecessor , Meles Zenawi . Financially , Hailemariams government welcomed its first sovereign credit ratings from global agencies in 2014 – a B1 from Moodys and B ratings from both Fitch and Standard & Poors , which opened the door to international capital markets and foreign direct investment . However , the foreign investment capital comes from China , which has committed hundreds of millions of dollars in loans and grants to assist the government-owned",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": "corporations’ ambitious initiatives , as well as other capital intensive projects like roads , bridges and railways .",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": " Hailemariam Desalegn said in a televised address that he has submitted his resignation as both Ethiopias prime minister and chairman of the countrys ruling coalition . His resignation makes him the first leader to do so in the countrys recent history . Hailemariams announcement comes amid a political crisis and lingering unrest in the Horn of Africa country , which has been releasing thousands of political prisoners to ease tensions .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Unrest and a political crisis have led to the loss of lives and displacement of many , he added , however , that he will stay on as prime minister in a caretaker capacity , until the ruling Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front ( EPRDF ) and the countrys parliament accept his resignation and name a new premier .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": " Hailemariam is a member of the board of numerous international organizations such as International Crisis Group , Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa , Tana High Level Forum on Security in Africa , Brenthurst Foundation , IBA Ethiopia Center for Innovation , and the Ethiopian Reconciliation Commission .",
"title": "Board membership"
},
{
"text": "Prime Minister of Ethiopia ( 2012–18 ) ; Chair , Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front ( 2012–18 ) ; Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs ( 2010–12 ) ; Advisor to Prime Minister with the rank of Minister ( 2007-2010 ) ; Chair , African Union ( 2013–14 ) ; University lecturer and Dean , Arba Minch University for 12 years ; Vice President and President of the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State ( 2001–06 ) . Currently : Board Chair , Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ; Founder and Board Chair , Hailemariam",
"title": "Board membership"
},
{
"text": "and Roman Foundation ; Board Chair , Tourism Ethiopia ; Board of Trustees , International Crisis Group ; Advisory Board Member , The Brenthurst Foundation ; Member of Parliament for 21 years ; Member of different professional Associations .",
"title": "Board membership"
}
] |
/wiki/Hailemariam_Desalegn#P39#1
|
What was the position of Hailemariam Desalegn in Aug 2012?
|
Hailemariam Desalegn Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe ( ; born 19 July 1965 ) is an Ethiopian politician who served as Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 2012 to 2018 . He also previously served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs under Prime Minister Meles Zenawi from 2010 to 2012 . After Meles death in August 2012 , Hailemariam succeeded him as Prime Minister , initially in an acting capacity . He was then elected as the Chair of the EPRDF , the ruling party , on 15 September 2012 . Hailemariam also served as the Chairperson of the African Union from 2013 to 2014 . He submitted his resignation as Prime Minister of Ethiopia and EPRDF chairperson on 15 February 2018 in response to the fallout from mass protests and unrest in 2016 . His resignation was accepted on 11 March 2018 , but he stayed in office as caretaker Prime Minister until 2 April 2018 . Hailemariam is the first ruler in modern Ethiopian history to step down ; previous leaders have died in office or been overthrown . He said he wanted to clear the way for reforms . Background . Early life . Hailemariam was born in 1965 in the Boloso Sore District Hombba of the Wolayita Zone in southern Ethiopia . Hailemariam is from Wolayta ethnic group of Ethiopia , the first largest in the Southern Nations , Nationalities , and Peoples Region ( SNNPR ) . His family belongs to the Apostolic Church of Ethiopia , a Oneness Pentecostal denomination that is not part of the mainstream Ethiopian Protestant Christianity ( Pentay ) , which believes in Trinitarianism . Married to Roman Tesfaye , he is well known to be both a religious and family man . Education . In 1988 , Hailemariam received a bachelors degree in civil engineering from Addis Ababa University . He subsequently worked as a graduate assistant in the Arba Minch Water Technology Institute ( now Arba Minch University ) . After two years of working in this capacity , he won a scholarship to Tampere University of Technology in Finland , where he earned a masters degree in sanitation engineering . Upon his return to Ethiopia , he served in different academic and administrative capacities , including the dean of the Water Technology Institute , for 13 years . In between , he also earned an MA in Organizational Leadership at Azusa Pacific University , California , US . Political career . Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front . In the late 1990s and early 2000s , he became seriously involved in politics as a member of the EPRDF ( Ethiopias ruling party ) and became the deputy president of the SNNPR . He replaced Abate Kisho who was removed from power on corruption charges , but it is believed that Abate was demoted for supporting the anti-Meles Zenawi faction when the Tigrayan Peoples Liberation Front ( the core of the EPRDF ) split in 2000 . Another widely accepted belief about Abate was that he was less educated and exercised poor leadership while he was in power . President of the Southern Nations , Nationalities , and Peoples Region . Hailemariam was President of the SNNPR from November 2001 to March 2006 and was promoted to Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in October 2010 . He has been Deputy Chairman of EPRDF , Chairman of SEPDM , Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs . He has served as Vice President of the SNNPR ( 2000–2002 ) ; President of the SNNPR ( 2002–2005 ) ; Member of the House of Peoples Representatives ( 2005–present ) ; Social Affairs Special Advisor to the PM , then Public Mobilization & Participation Special Advisor to the Prime Minister ( 2005–2008 ) ; Government Chief Whip , with a Ministerial portfolio ( 2008–2010 ) . Party Posts : Member of the Executive Committee of the EPRDF and the SEPDM ( 2000–present ) ; Chairman of the SEPDM ( 2002–present ) ; Deputy Chairman of the EPRDF ( since Sept 2010 ) . After his tenure as President of the SNNPR , Hailemariam worked in the Prime Ministers Office as the advisor on Social Affairs and Civic Organizations and Partnerships for two years . He led the team that drafted the Charities and Societies Proclamation law ( CSO law ) that limits the interference of international non-governmental organizations ( NGOs ) in local political activities . The law was adopted by the Ethiopian Parliament in 2009 . He is also credited with pushing EPRDF to re-organize its structure after the contentious 2005 elections via the 1-to-5 model ( one member recruits five new people - አንድ ለአምስት አደረጃጀት ) that boosted the number of party members from 400,000 to five million by the 2010 elections . In 2010 , Hailemariam was sworn into dual ministerial positions as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs . Prime Minister of Ethiopia . Appointment . Following the death of Ethiopias longtime Prime Minister Meles Zenawi on 20 August 2012 , Deputy Prime Minister Hailemariam was appointed as the acting Premier . Hailemariam became the permanent Prime Minister on 21 September 2012 . European Parliament President Martin Schulz , after meeting with Hailemariam , said that his desire to strengthen democracy in the country , allowing for greater pluralism and a freer civil society , to uphold the freedoms enshrined in the Ethiopian Constitution was clear . Ethiopia-Somalia cooperative agreements . In February 2014 , Hailemariam met in Addis Ababa with a visiting delegation from Somalia led by Somali Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed to discuss strengthening bilateral relations between the two countries . Hailemariam pledged his administrations continued support for the peace and stabilization efforts in Somalia , as well as its preparedness to assist in initiatives aiming to build up the Somali security forces through experience-sharing and training . He also suggested that Ethiopia and Somalia should increase bilateral trade and investment . Additionally , Hailemariam described the growing ties between both nations as a break from the counter-productive policies of past administrations , marking instead of the opening of a new chapter where mutual stability is beneficial . For his part , Ahmed commended Ethiopias role in the ongoing peace and stabilization process in Somalia as well as its support against the Al-Shabaab militant group . He likewise welcomed the Ethiopian militarys decision to join AMISOM . The meeting concluded with a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding agreeing to promote partnership and cooperation , including a cooperative agreement to develop the police force , a second cooperative agreement covering the information field , and a third cooperative agreement on the aviation sector . Economic policy . Hailemariam Desalegn has sustained economic progress in Ethiopia after the sudden death of his predecessor in 2012 . He played role to complete the implementation of the Growth and Transformation Plan ( GTP I ) and to start with GTP II . Between 2012 and 2018 , major projects like Hawassa and Mekelle industrial park , Addis Ababa Light Rail , Gilgel Gibe III Dam , the new Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway , as well as Bahir Dar Stadium and other stadiums in Mekelle and Hawassa are completed . Hailemariam is accredited for the countrys continued rapid and double-digit economic growth , and Hailemariam led Ethiopia to partner Kenya in the ambitious US$24.5bn Lamu Port Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport ( LAPSSET ) Corridor – which includes a railway , highways , and an oil pipeline – which will provide his landlocked country and South Sudan with a new export pathway and reduce Kenyas dependence on the heavily congested port of Mombasa . Moreover , Hailemariam has partnered Ethiopia with Djibouti to sign an agreement for a $1.55 billion fuel pipeline with developers Mining , Oil & Gas Services and Blackstone Group LP-backed Black Rhino Group . Both countries which are in the Horn of Africa signed framework agreements in September 2015 for construction of the 550-kilometer ( 340-mile ) line to transport diesel , gasoline and jet fuel from port access in Djibouti to central Ethiopia . The joint project construction is scheduled for completion in two years . Hailemariam continued with the ambitious projects like the Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam , which was launched by his predecessor , Meles Zenawi . Financially , Hailemariams government welcomed its first sovereign credit ratings from global agencies in 2014 – a B1 from Moodys and B ratings from both Fitch and Standard & Poors , which opened the door to international capital markets and foreign direct investment . However , the foreign investment capital comes from China , which has committed hundreds of millions of dollars in loans and grants to assist the government-owned corporations’ ambitious initiatives , as well as other capital intensive projects like roads , bridges and railways . Resignation . Hailemariam Desalegn said in a televised address that he has submitted his resignation as both Ethiopias prime minister and chairman of the countrys ruling coalition . His resignation makes him the first leader to do so in the countrys recent history . Hailemariams announcement comes amid a political crisis and lingering unrest in the Horn of Africa country , which has been releasing thousands of political prisoners to ease tensions . Unrest and a political crisis have led to the loss of lives and displacement of many , he added , however , that he will stay on as prime minister in a caretaker capacity , until the ruling Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front ( EPRDF ) and the countrys parliament accept his resignation and name a new premier . Board membership . Hailemariam is a member of the board of numerous international organizations such as International Crisis Group , Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa , Tana High Level Forum on Security in Africa , Brenthurst Foundation , IBA Ethiopia Center for Innovation , and the Ethiopian Reconciliation Commission . Prime Minister of Ethiopia ( 2012–18 ) ; Chair , Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front ( 2012–18 ) ; Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs ( 2010–12 ) ; Advisor to Prime Minister with the rank of Minister ( 2007-2010 ) ; Chair , African Union ( 2013–14 ) ; University lecturer and Dean , Arba Minch University for 12 years ; Vice President and President of the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State ( 2001–06 ) . Currently : Board Chair , Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ; Founder and Board Chair , Hailemariam and Roman Foundation ; Board Chair , Tourism Ethiopia ; Board of Trustees , International Crisis Group ; Advisory Board Member , The Brenthurst Foundation ; Member of Parliament for 21 years ; Member of different professional Associations .
|
[
"Prime Minister of Ethiopia"
] |
[
{
"text": "Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe ( ; born 19 July 1965 ) is an Ethiopian politician who served as Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 2012 to 2018 . He also previously served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs under Prime Minister Meles Zenawi from 2010 to 2012 . After Meles death in August 2012 , Hailemariam succeeded him as Prime Minister , initially in an acting capacity . He was then elected as the Chair of the EPRDF , the ruling party , on 15 September 2012 . Hailemariam also served as the Chairperson of the African Union from",
"title": "Hailemariam Desalegn"
},
{
"text": "2013 to 2014 .",
"title": "Hailemariam Desalegn"
},
{
"text": " He submitted his resignation as Prime Minister of Ethiopia and EPRDF chairperson on 15 February 2018 in response to the fallout from mass protests and unrest in 2016 . His resignation was accepted on 11 March 2018 , but he stayed in office as caretaker Prime Minister until 2 April 2018 . Hailemariam is the first ruler in modern Ethiopian history to step down ; previous leaders have died in office or been overthrown . He said he wanted to clear the way for reforms .",
"title": "Hailemariam Desalegn"
},
{
"text": " Hailemariam was born in 1965 in the Boloso Sore District Hombba of the Wolayita Zone in southern Ethiopia . Hailemariam is from Wolayta ethnic group of Ethiopia , the first largest in the Southern Nations , Nationalities , and Peoples Region ( SNNPR ) . His family belongs to the Apostolic Church of Ethiopia , a Oneness Pentecostal denomination that is not part of the mainstream Ethiopian Protestant Christianity ( Pentay ) , which believes in Trinitarianism . Married to Roman Tesfaye , he is well known to be both a religious and family man .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1988 , Hailemariam received a bachelors degree in civil engineering from Addis Ababa University . He subsequently worked as a graduate assistant in the Arba Minch Water Technology Institute ( now Arba Minch University ) . After two years of working in this capacity , he won a scholarship to Tampere University of Technology in Finland , where he earned a masters degree in sanitation engineering . Upon his return to Ethiopia , he served in different academic and administrative capacities , including the dean of the Water Technology Institute , for 13 years . In between , he",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "also earned an MA in Organizational Leadership at Azusa Pacific University , California , US .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "In the late 1990s and early 2000s , he became seriously involved in politics as a member of the EPRDF ( Ethiopias ruling party ) and became the deputy president of the SNNPR . He replaced Abate Kisho who was removed from power on corruption charges , but it is believed that Abate was demoted for supporting the anti-Meles Zenawi faction when the Tigrayan Peoples Liberation Front ( the core of the EPRDF ) split in 2000 . Another widely accepted belief about Abate was that he was less educated and exercised poor leadership while he was in power .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Hailemariam was President of the SNNPR from November 2001 to March 2006 and was promoted to Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in October 2010 . He has been Deputy Chairman of EPRDF , Chairman of SEPDM , Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs . He has served as Vice President of the SNNPR ( 2000–2002 ) ; President of the SNNPR ( 2002–2005 ) ; Member of the House of Peoples Representatives ( 2005–present ) ; Social Affairs Special Advisor to the PM , then Public Mobilization & Participation Special Advisor to the Prime Minister",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "( 2005–2008 ) ; Government Chief Whip , with a Ministerial portfolio ( 2008–2010 ) . Party Posts : Member of the Executive Committee of the EPRDF and the SEPDM ( 2000–present ) ; Chairman of the SEPDM ( 2002–present ) ; Deputy Chairman of the EPRDF ( since Sept 2010 ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "After his tenure as President of the SNNPR , Hailemariam worked in the Prime Ministers Office as the advisor on Social Affairs and Civic Organizations and Partnerships for two years . He led the team that drafted the Charities and Societies Proclamation law ( CSO law ) that limits the interference of international non-governmental organizations ( NGOs ) in local political activities . The law was adopted by the Ethiopian Parliament in 2009 . He is also credited with pushing EPRDF to re-organize its structure after the contentious 2005 elections via the 1-to-5 model ( one member recruits five new",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "people - አንድ ለአምስት አደረጃጀት ) that boosted the number of party members from 400,000 to five million by the 2010 elections . In 2010 , Hailemariam was sworn into dual ministerial positions as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Following the death of Ethiopias longtime Prime Minister Meles Zenawi on 20 August 2012 , Deputy Prime Minister Hailemariam was appointed as the acting Premier . Hailemariam became the permanent Prime Minister on 21 September 2012 . European Parliament President Martin Schulz , after meeting with Hailemariam , said that his desire to strengthen democracy in the country , allowing for greater pluralism and a freer civil society , to uphold the freedoms enshrined in the Ethiopian Constitution was clear .",
"title": "Appointment"
},
{
"text": "In February 2014 , Hailemariam met in Addis Ababa with a visiting delegation from Somalia led by Somali Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed to discuss strengthening bilateral relations between the two countries . Hailemariam pledged his administrations continued support for the peace and stabilization efforts in Somalia , as well as its preparedness to assist in initiatives aiming to build up the Somali security forces through experience-sharing and training . He also suggested that Ethiopia and Somalia should increase bilateral trade and investment . Additionally , Hailemariam described the growing ties between both nations as a break from the counter-productive",
"title": "Ethiopia-Somalia cooperative agreements"
},
{
"text": "policies of past administrations , marking instead of the opening of a new chapter where mutual stability is beneficial . For his part , Ahmed commended Ethiopias role in the ongoing peace and stabilization process in Somalia as well as its support against the Al-Shabaab militant group . He likewise welcomed the Ethiopian militarys decision to join AMISOM . The meeting concluded with a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding agreeing to promote partnership and cooperation , including a cooperative agreement to develop the police force , a second cooperative agreement covering the information field , and a third cooperative agreement on",
"title": "Ethiopia-Somalia cooperative agreements"
},
{
"text": "the aviation sector .",
"title": "Ethiopia-Somalia cooperative agreements"
},
{
"text": "Hailemariam Desalegn has sustained economic progress in Ethiopia after the sudden death of his predecessor in 2012 . He played role to complete the implementation of the Growth and Transformation Plan ( GTP I ) and to start with GTP II . Between 2012 and 2018 , major projects like Hawassa and Mekelle industrial park , Addis Ababa Light Rail , Gilgel Gibe III Dam , the new Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway , as well as Bahir Dar Stadium and other stadiums in Mekelle and Hawassa are completed . Hailemariam is accredited for the countrys continued rapid and double-digit economic growth",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": ", and",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": "Hailemariam led Ethiopia to partner Kenya in the ambitious US$24.5bn Lamu Port Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport ( LAPSSET ) Corridor – which includes a railway , highways , and an oil pipeline – which will provide his landlocked country and South Sudan with a new export pathway and reduce Kenyas dependence on the heavily congested port of Mombasa . Moreover , Hailemariam has partnered Ethiopia with Djibouti to sign an agreement for a $1.55 billion fuel pipeline with developers Mining , Oil & Gas Services and Blackstone Group LP-backed Black Rhino Group . Both countries which are in the Horn of",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": "Africa signed framework agreements in September 2015 for construction of the 550-kilometer ( 340-mile ) line to transport diesel , gasoline and jet fuel from port access in Djibouti to central Ethiopia . The joint project construction is scheduled for completion in two years .",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": "Hailemariam continued with the ambitious projects like the Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam , which was launched by his predecessor , Meles Zenawi . Financially , Hailemariams government welcomed its first sovereign credit ratings from global agencies in 2014 – a B1 from Moodys and B ratings from both Fitch and Standard & Poors , which opened the door to international capital markets and foreign direct investment . However , the foreign investment capital comes from China , which has committed hundreds of millions of dollars in loans and grants to assist the government-owned",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": "corporations’ ambitious initiatives , as well as other capital intensive projects like roads , bridges and railways .",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": " Hailemariam Desalegn said in a televised address that he has submitted his resignation as both Ethiopias prime minister and chairman of the countrys ruling coalition . His resignation makes him the first leader to do so in the countrys recent history . Hailemariams announcement comes amid a political crisis and lingering unrest in the Horn of Africa country , which has been releasing thousands of political prisoners to ease tensions .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Unrest and a political crisis have led to the loss of lives and displacement of many , he added , however , that he will stay on as prime minister in a caretaker capacity , until the ruling Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front ( EPRDF ) and the countrys parliament accept his resignation and name a new premier .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": " Hailemariam is a member of the board of numerous international organizations such as International Crisis Group , Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa , Tana High Level Forum on Security in Africa , Brenthurst Foundation , IBA Ethiopia Center for Innovation , and the Ethiopian Reconciliation Commission .",
"title": "Board membership"
},
{
"text": "Prime Minister of Ethiopia ( 2012–18 ) ; Chair , Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front ( 2012–18 ) ; Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs ( 2010–12 ) ; Advisor to Prime Minister with the rank of Minister ( 2007-2010 ) ; Chair , African Union ( 2013–14 ) ; University lecturer and Dean , Arba Minch University for 12 years ; Vice President and President of the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State ( 2001–06 ) . Currently : Board Chair , Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ; Founder and Board Chair , Hailemariam",
"title": "Board membership"
},
{
"text": "and Roman Foundation ; Board Chair , Tourism Ethiopia ; Board of Trustees , International Crisis Group ; Advisory Board Member , The Brenthurst Foundation ; Member of Parliament for 21 years ; Member of different professional Associations .",
"title": "Board membership"
}
] |
/wiki/Hailemariam_Desalegn#P39#2
|
What was the position of Hailemariam Desalegn between Feb 2013 and Oct 2013?
|
Hailemariam Desalegn Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe ( ; born 19 July 1965 ) is an Ethiopian politician who served as Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 2012 to 2018 . He also previously served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs under Prime Minister Meles Zenawi from 2010 to 2012 . After Meles death in August 2012 , Hailemariam succeeded him as Prime Minister , initially in an acting capacity . He was then elected as the Chair of the EPRDF , the ruling party , on 15 September 2012 . Hailemariam also served as the Chairperson of the African Union from 2013 to 2014 . He submitted his resignation as Prime Minister of Ethiopia and EPRDF chairperson on 15 February 2018 in response to the fallout from mass protests and unrest in 2016 . His resignation was accepted on 11 March 2018 , but he stayed in office as caretaker Prime Minister until 2 April 2018 . Hailemariam is the first ruler in modern Ethiopian history to step down ; previous leaders have died in office or been overthrown . He said he wanted to clear the way for reforms . Background . Early life . Hailemariam was born in 1965 in the Boloso Sore District Hombba of the Wolayita Zone in southern Ethiopia . Hailemariam is from Wolayta ethnic group of Ethiopia , the first largest in the Southern Nations , Nationalities , and Peoples Region ( SNNPR ) . His family belongs to the Apostolic Church of Ethiopia , a Oneness Pentecostal denomination that is not part of the mainstream Ethiopian Protestant Christianity ( Pentay ) , which believes in Trinitarianism . Married to Roman Tesfaye , he is well known to be both a religious and family man . Education . In 1988 , Hailemariam received a bachelors degree in civil engineering from Addis Ababa University . He subsequently worked as a graduate assistant in the Arba Minch Water Technology Institute ( now Arba Minch University ) . After two years of working in this capacity , he won a scholarship to Tampere University of Technology in Finland , where he earned a masters degree in sanitation engineering . Upon his return to Ethiopia , he served in different academic and administrative capacities , including the dean of the Water Technology Institute , for 13 years . In between , he also earned an MA in Organizational Leadership at Azusa Pacific University , California , US . Political career . Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front . In the late 1990s and early 2000s , he became seriously involved in politics as a member of the EPRDF ( Ethiopias ruling party ) and became the deputy president of the SNNPR . He replaced Abate Kisho who was removed from power on corruption charges , but it is believed that Abate was demoted for supporting the anti-Meles Zenawi faction when the Tigrayan Peoples Liberation Front ( the core of the EPRDF ) split in 2000 . Another widely accepted belief about Abate was that he was less educated and exercised poor leadership while he was in power . President of the Southern Nations , Nationalities , and Peoples Region . Hailemariam was President of the SNNPR from November 2001 to March 2006 and was promoted to Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in October 2010 . He has been Deputy Chairman of EPRDF , Chairman of SEPDM , Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs . He has served as Vice President of the SNNPR ( 2000–2002 ) ; President of the SNNPR ( 2002–2005 ) ; Member of the House of Peoples Representatives ( 2005–present ) ; Social Affairs Special Advisor to the PM , then Public Mobilization & Participation Special Advisor to the Prime Minister ( 2005–2008 ) ; Government Chief Whip , with a Ministerial portfolio ( 2008–2010 ) . Party Posts : Member of the Executive Committee of the EPRDF and the SEPDM ( 2000–present ) ; Chairman of the SEPDM ( 2002–present ) ; Deputy Chairman of the EPRDF ( since Sept 2010 ) . After his tenure as President of the SNNPR , Hailemariam worked in the Prime Ministers Office as the advisor on Social Affairs and Civic Organizations and Partnerships for two years . He led the team that drafted the Charities and Societies Proclamation law ( CSO law ) that limits the interference of international non-governmental organizations ( NGOs ) in local political activities . The law was adopted by the Ethiopian Parliament in 2009 . He is also credited with pushing EPRDF to re-organize its structure after the contentious 2005 elections via the 1-to-5 model ( one member recruits five new people - አንድ ለአምስት አደረጃጀት ) that boosted the number of party members from 400,000 to five million by the 2010 elections . In 2010 , Hailemariam was sworn into dual ministerial positions as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs . Prime Minister of Ethiopia . Appointment . Following the death of Ethiopias longtime Prime Minister Meles Zenawi on 20 August 2012 , Deputy Prime Minister Hailemariam was appointed as the acting Premier . Hailemariam became the permanent Prime Minister on 21 September 2012 . European Parliament President Martin Schulz , after meeting with Hailemariam , said that his desire to strengthen democracy in the country , allowing for greater pluralism and a freer civil society , to uphold the freedoms enshrined in the Ethiopian Constitution was clear . Ethiopia-Somalia cooperative agreements . In February 2014 , Hailemariam met in Addis Ababa with a visiting delegation from Somalia led by Somali Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed to discuss strengthening bilateral relations between the two countries . Hailemariam pledged his administrations continued support for the peace and stabilization efforts in Somalia , as well as its preparedness to assist in initiatives aiming to build up the Somali security forces through experience-sharing and training . He also suggested that Ethiopia and Somalia should increase bilateral trade and investment . Additionally , Hailemariam described the growing ties between both nations as a break from the counter-productive policies of past administrations , marking instead of the opening of a new chapter where mutual stability is beneficial . For his part , Ahmed commended Ethiopias role in the ongoing peace and stabilization process in Somalia as well as its support against the Al-Shabaab militant group . He likewise welcomed the Ethiopian militarys decision to join AMISOM . The meeting concluded with a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding agreeing to promote partnership and cooperation , including a cooperative agreement to develop the police force , a second cooperative agreement covering the information field , and a third cooperative agreement on the aviation sector . Economic policy . Hailemariam Desalegn has sustained economic progress in Ethiopia after the sudden death of his predecessor in 2012 . He played role to complete the implementation of the Growth and Transformation Plan ( GTP I ) and to start with GTP II . Between 2012 and 2018 , major projects like Hawassa and Mekelle industrial park , Addis Ababa Light Rail , Gilgel Gibe III Dam , the new Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway , as well as Bahir Dar Stadium and other stadiums in Mekelle and Hawassa are completed . Hailemariam is accredited for the countrys continued rapid and double-digit economic growth , and Hailemariam led Ethiopia to partner Kenya in the ambitious US$24.5bn Lamu Port Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport ( LAPSSET ) Corridor – which includes a railway , highways , and an oil pipeline – which will provide his landlocked country and South Sudan with a new export pathway and reduce Kenyas dependence on the heavily congested port of Mombasa . Moreover , Hailemariam has partnered Ethiopia with Djibouti to sign an agreement for a $1.55 billion fuel pipeline with developers Mining , Oil & Gas Services and Blackstone Group LP-backed Black Rhino Group . Both countries which are in the Horn of Africa signed framework agreements in September 2015 for construction of the 550-kilometer ( 340-mile ) line to transport diesel , gasoline and jet fuel from port access in Djibouti to central Ethiopia . The joint project construction is scheduled for completion in two years . Hailemariam continued with the ambitious projects like the Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam , which was launched by his predecessor , Meles Zenawi . Financially , Hailemariams government welcomed its first sovereign credit ratings from global agencies in 2014 – a B1 from Moodys and B ratings from both Fitch and Standard & Poors , which opened the door to international capital markets and foreign direct investment . However , the foreign investment capital comes from China , which has committed hundreds of millions of dollars in loans and grants to assist the government-owned corporations’ ambitious initiatives , as well as other capital intensive projects like roads , bridges and railways . Resignation . Hailemariam Desalegn said in a televised address that he has submitted his resignation as both Ethiopias prime minister and chairman of the countrys ruling coalition . His resignation makes him the first leader to do so in the countrys recent history . Hailemariams announcement comes amid a political crisis and lingering unrest in the Horn of Africa country , which has been releasing thousands of political prisoners to ease tensions . Unrest and a political crisis have led to the loss of lives and displacement of many , he added , however , that he will stay on as prime minister in a caretaker capacity , until the ruling Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front ( EPRDF ) and the countrys parliament accept his resignation and name a new premier . Board membership . Hailemariam is a member of the board of numerous international organizations such as International Crisis Group , Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa , Tana High Level Forum on Security in Africa , Brenthurst Foundation , IBA Ethiopia Center for Innovation , and the Ethiopian Reconciliation Commission . Prime Minister of Ethiopia ( 2012–18 ) ; Chair , Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front ( 2012–18 ) ; Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs ( 2010–12 ) ; Advisor to Prime Minister with the rank of Minister ( 2007-2010 ) ; Chair , African Union ( 2013–14 ) ; University lecturer and Dean , Arba Minch University for 12 years ; Vice President and President of the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State ( 2001–06 ) . Currently : Board Chair , Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ; Founder and Board Chair , Hailemariam and Roman Foundation ; Board Chair , Tourism Ethiopia ; Board of Trustees , International Crisis Group ; Advisory Board Member , The Brenthurst Foundation ; Member of Parliament for 21 years ; Member of different professional Associations .
|
[
"Chairperson of the African Union"
] |
[
{
"text": "Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe ( ; born 19 July 1965 ) is an Ethiopian politician who served as Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 2012 to 2018 . He also previously served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs under Prime Minister Meles Zenawi from 2010 to 2012 . After Meles death in August 2012 , Hailemariam succeeded him as Prime Minister , initially in an acting capacity . He was then elected as the Chair of the EPRDF , the ruling party , on 15 September 2012 . Hailemariam also served as the Chairperson of the African Union from",
"title": "Hailemariam Desalegn"
},
{
"text": "2013 to 2014 .",
"title": "Hailemariam Desalegn"
},
{
"text": " He submitted his resignation as Prime Minister of Ethiopia and EPRDF chairperson on 15 February 2018 in response to the fallout from mass protests and unrest in 2016 . His resignation was accepted on 11 March 2018 , but he stayed in office as caretaker Prime Minister until 2 April 2018 . Hailemariam is the first ruler in modern Ethiopian history to step down ; previous leaders have died in office or been overthrown . He said he wanted to clear the way for reforms .",
"title": "Hailemariam Desalegn"
},
{
"text": " Hailemariam was born in 1965 in the Boloso Sore District Hombba of the Wolayita Zone in southern Ethiopia . Hailemariam is from Wolayta ethnic group of Ethiopia , the first largest in the Southern Nations , Nationalities , and Peoples Region ( SNNPR ) . His family belongs to the Apostolic Church of Ethiopia , a Oneness Pentecostal denomination that is not part of the mainstream Ethiopian Protestant Christianity ( Pentay ) , which believes in Trinitarianism . Married to Roman Tesfaye , he is well known to be both a religious and family man .",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"text": "In 1988 , Hailemariam received a bachelors degree in civil engineering from Addis Ababa University . He subsequently worked as a graduate assistant in the Arba Minch Water Technology Institute ( now Arba Minch University ) . After two years of working in this capacity , he won a scholarship to Tampere University of Technology in Finland , where he earned a masters degree in sanitation engineering . Upon his return to Ethiopia , he served in different academic and administrative capacities , including the dean of the Water Technology Institute , for 13 years . In between , he",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "also earned an MA in Organizational Leadership at Azusa Pacific University , California , US .",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"text": "In the late 1990s and early 2000s , he became seriously involved in politics as a member of the EPRDF ( Ethiopias ruling party ) and became the deputy president of the SNNPR . He replaced Abate Kisho who was removed from power on corruption charges , but it is believed that Abate was demoted for supporting the anti-Meles Zenawi faction when the Tigrayan Peoples Liberation Front ( the core of the EPRDF ) split in 2000 . Another widely accepted belief about Abate was that he was less educated and exercised poor leadership while he was in power .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "Hailemariam was President of the SNNPR from November 2001 to March 2006 and was promoted to Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in October 2010 . He has been Deputy Chairman of EPRDF , Chairman of SEPDM , Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs . He has served as Vice President of the SNNPR ( 2000–2002 ) ; President of the SNNPR ( 2002–2005 ) ; Member of the House of Peoples Representatives ( 2005–present ) ; Social Affairs Special Advisor to the PM , then Public Mobilization & Participation Special Advisor to the Prime Minister",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "( 2005–2008 ) ; Government Chief Whip , with a Ministerial portfolio ( 2008–2010 ) . Party Posts : Member of the Executive Committee of the EPRDF and the SEPDM ( 2000–present ) ; Chairman of the SEPDM ( 2002–present ) ; Deputy Chairman of the EPRDF ( since Sept 2010 ) .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "After his tenure as President of the SNNPR , Hailemariam worked in the Prime Ministers Office as the advisor on Social Affairs and Civic Organizations and Partnerships for two years . He led the team that drafted the Charities and Societies Proclamation law ( CSO law ) that limits the interference of international non-governmental organizations ( NGOs ) in local political activities . The law was adopted by the Ethiopian Parliament in 2009 . He is also credited with pushing EPRDF to re-organize its structure after the contentious 2005 elections via the 1-to-5 model ( one member recruits five new",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": "people - አንድ ለአምስት አደረጃጀት ) that boosted the number of party members from 400,000 to five million by the 2010 elections . In 2010 , Hailemariam was sworn into dual ministerial positions as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs .",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"text": " Following the death of Ethiopias longtime Prime Minister Meles Zenawi on 20 August 2012 , Deputy Prime Minister Hailemariam was appointed as the acting Premier . Hailemariam became the permanent Prime Minister on 21 September 2012 . European Parliament President Martin Schulz , after meeting with Hailemariam , said that his desire to strengthen democracy in the country , allowing for greater pluralism and a freer civil society , to uphold the freedoms enshrined in the Ethiopian Constitution was clear .",
"title": "Appointment"
},
{
"text": "In February 2014 , Hailemariam met in Addis Ababa with a visiting delegation from Somalia led by Somali Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed to discuss strengthening bilateral relations between the two countries . Hailemariam pledged his administrations continued support for the peace and stabilization efforts in Somalia , as well as its preparedness to assist in initiatives aiming to build up the Somali security forces through experience-sharing and training . He also suggested that Ethiopia and Somalia should increase bilateral trade and investment . Additionally , Hailemariam described the growing ties between both nations as a break from the counter-productive",
"title": "Ethiopia-Somalia cooperative agreements"
},
{
"text": "policies of past administrations , marking instead of the opening of a new chapter where mutual stability is beneficial . For his part , Ahmed commended Ethiopias role in the ongoing peace and stabilization process in Somalia as well as its support against the Al-Shabaab militant group . He likewise welcomed the Ethiopian militarys decision to join AMISOM . The meeting concluded with a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding agreeing to promote partnership and cooperation , including a cooperative agreement to develop the police force , a second cooperative agreement covering the information field , and a third cooperative agreement on",
"title": "Ethiopia-Somalia cooperative agreements"
},
{
"text": "the aviation sector .",
"title": "Ethiopia-Somalia cooperative agreements"
},
{
"text": "Hailemariam Desalegn has sustained economic progress in Ethiopia after the sudden death of his predecessor in 2012 . He played role to complete the implementation of the Growth and Transformation Plan ( GTP I ) and to start with GTP II . Between 2012 and 2018 , major projects like Hawassa and Mekelle industrial park , Addis Ababa Light Rail , Gilgel Gibe III Dam , the new Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway , as well as Bahir Dar Stadium and other stadiums in Mekelle and Hawassa are completed . Hailemariam is accredited for the countrys continued rapid and double-digit economic growth",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": ", and",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": "Hailemariam led Ethiopia to partner Kenya in the ambitious US$24.5bn Lamu Port Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport ( LAPSSET ) Corridor – which includes a railway , highways , and an oil pipeline – which will provide his landlocked country and South Sudan with a new export pathway and reduce Kenyas dependence on the heavily congested port of Mombasa . Moreover , Hailemariam has partnered Ethiopia with Djibouti to sign an agreement for a $1.55 billion fuel pipeline with developers Mining , Oil & Gas Services and Blackstone Group LP-backed Black Rhino Group . Both countries which are in the Horn of",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": "Africa signed framework agreements in September 2015 for construction of the 550-kilometer ( 340-mile ) line to transport diesel , gasoline and jet fuel from port access in Djibouti to central Ethiopia . The joint project construction is scheduled for completion in two years .",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": "Hailemariam continued with the ambitious projects like the Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam , which was launched by his predecessor , Meles Zenawi . Financially , Hailemariams government welcomed its first sovereign credit ratings from global agencies in 2014 – a B1 from Moodys and B ratings from both Fitch and Standard & Poors , which opened the door to international capital markets and foreign direct investment . However , the foreign investment capital comes from China , which has committed hundreds of millions of dollars in loans and grants to assist the government-owned",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": "corporations’ ambitious initiatives , as well as other capital intensive projects like roads , bridges and railways .",
"title": "Economic policy"
},
{
"text": " Hailemariam Desalegn said in a televised address that he has submitted his resignation as both Ethiopias prime minister and chairman of the countrys ruling coalition . His resignation makes him the first leader to do so in the countrys recent history . Hailemariams announcement comes amid a political crisis and lingering unrest in the Horn of Africa country , which has been releasing thousands of political prisoners to ease tensions .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": "Unrest and a political crisis have led to the loss of lives and displacement of many , he added , however , that he will stay on as prime minister in a caretaker capacity , until the ruling Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front ( EPRDF ) and the countrys parliament accept his resignation and name a new premier .",
"title": "Resignation"
},
{
"text": " Hailemariam is a member of the board of numerous international organizations such as International Crisis Group , Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa , Tana High Level Forum on Security in Africa , Brenthurst Foundation , IBA Ethiopia Center for Innovation , and the Ethiopian Reconciliation Commission .",
"title": "Board membership"
},
{
"text": "Prime Minister of Ethiopia ( 2012–18 ) ; Chair , Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front ( 2012–18 ) ; Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs ( 2010–12 ) ; Advisor to Prime Minister with the rank of Minister ( 2007-2010 ) ; Chair , African Union ( 2013–14 ) ; University lecturer and Dean , Arba Minch University for 12 years ; Vice President and President of the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State ( 2001–06 ) . Currently : Board Chair , Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa ; Founder and Board Chair , Hailemariam",
"title": "Board membership"
},
{
"text": "and Roman Foundation ; Board Chair , Tourism Ethiopia ; Board of Trustees , International Crisis Group ; Advisory Board Member , The Brenthurst Foundation ; Member of Parliament for 21 years ; Member of different professional Associations .",
"title": "Board membership"
}
] |
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